Al Ahqaaf

CHAPTER 46

AL-AHQAAF

(The Dunes)

(35 VERSES)

VERSES 1 – 35

بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ

Brief Introduction of Al-Ahqaaf (46):

Sura Al-Ahqaaf (35 verses) was revealed in Makkah.[1]

Tafseer Al-Qummi – And We Bequeathed the human with being kind to his parents [46:15]. He said, ‘The ‘kindness’ is Rasool-Allah^-saww. His^-azwj Words: ‘To his parents’ rather means Al-Hassan^-asws and Al-Husayn^-asws. Then He^-azwj Informed with what he^-asws would be afflicted with, from the killing and the difficulties regarding himself^-asws and his^-asws sons. Then He^-azwj Offset with that the Imamate would be in his^-asws posterity and Let him^-asws know that he^-asws would be killed, then he^-asws would return to the word and He^-azwj would help him^-asws until he^-asws kills his^-asws enemies and rule the earth. And it is His^-azwj Words: And We Intend to Confer upon those who were weakened in the land, [28:5] – the Verse. And His^-azwj Words: And We had Written in the Psalms from after the Zikr, that the earth, My righteous servants shall inherit it [21:105].[2]

Abu Abdullah^-asws was asked about ‘The Words of Allah^-azwj: Therefore be patient just as the Determined ones from the Rasools were patient [46:35]’.

He^-asws said: ‘Noah^-as, and Ibrahim^-as, and Musa^-as, and Isa^-as and Muhammad^-saww, may the Salawat of Allah^-azwj be upon them^-as and the entirety of the Prophets^-as of Allah^-azwj and His^-azwj Rasools^-as’.

I said, ‘How did they come to be the Determined ones (Ul Al-Azm)?’ He^-asws said: ‘Because Noah^-as was Sent with a Book and Laws. So, everyone who came after Noah^-as took with the Book of Noah^-as and his^-as Laws, and his^-as Manifesto until Ibrahim^-as came with the Parchments and with determination to leave the Book of Noah^-as not being a disbeliever in it.

Every Prophet^-as who came after Ibrahim^-as came with his^-as Laws and his^-as Manifesto and with the Parchments until Musa^-as came with the Torah, and with determination to leave the Parchments.

Every Prophet^-as who came after Musa^-as took with the Torah and his^-as Laws and his^-as Manifesto until the Messiah^-as came with the Evangel, and with determination to leave the Laws of Musa^-as and his^-as Manifesto.

Every Prophet^-as who came after the Messiah^-as took with his^-as Laws and his^-as Manifesto until Muhammad^-saww came. He^-saww came with the Quran and his^-saww Laws, and his^-saww Manifesto, therefore his^-saww Permissible would be Permissible up to the Day of Qiyamah, and his^-saww Prohibition would be Prohibited up to the Day of Qiyamah. So, they^-as are the Determined ones from the Rasools [46:35]’’.^[3]

In Tafseer Ali Bin Ibrahim – ‘Regarding Words of the Exalted Narrating on behalf of the Jinn: They said, ‘O our people! We heard [46:30] – up to His^-azwj Words: They are in clear straying’ [46:32], ‘All of it is a narration one behalf of the Jinn, and the cause for the Revelation of this Verse is that Rasool-Allah^-saww had gone out from Makkah to the market of Ukaza and with him was Zayd Bin Haris, calling the people of Al-Islam. But no one answered him^-as and he^-saww did not find anyone who accepted him^-saww.

Then he^-saww returned to Makkah. When he^-saww reached a place called the Valley of Majanna, he^-saww held vigil in the middle of the night with the Quran. A number of the Jinn passed by him^-saww. When they heard recitation of Rasool-Allah^-saww, they listened to him^-as.

When they had heard his^-saww recitation, some of them said to the others: ‘Listen!’ – Meaning, ‘maintain silence’. So when it (recitation) ended, they turned back towards their people, warning them [46:29] They said, ‘O our people! We heard a Book Revealed from after Musa, ratifying what was before it, Guiding to the Truth and to a Straight Path [46:30] O our people! Answer the Call of Allah and believe in Him [46:31] – up to His^-azwj Words: They are in clear straying’ [46:32].

So, they came to Rasool-Allah^-saww, and greeted and expressed belief, and he^-saww taught them the Laws of Al-Islam. Then it was revealed unto the Prophet^-saww: Say: ‘It is Revealed unto me that a number of the Jinn listened intently [72:1] – the Chapter (Whole of Surah Al-Jinn (72). Thus, Allah^-azwj Related their words, and Made Rasool-Allah^-saww the Guardian over them, and they used to regularly return to Rasool-Allah^-saww every time.

Rasool-Allah^-saww instructed Amir Al-Momineen^-asws that he^-asws should teach them and make them understand, for among them are Momineen, and the Kafirs, and Hostile ones (Nasibis), and Jews, and Christians, and Magians, and they are the children of the Jaan (predecessors of the Jinn)’.

And the scholar^-asws, may the Salawaat of Allah^-azwj be upon him^-asws, was asked about the Momineen of the Jinn, ‘Will they be entering the Paradise?’

He^-asws said: ‘No, but there are pavilions for Allah^-azwj Between the Paradise and the Fire. There would be in it, the Momineen of the Jinn, and the mischief makers of the Shias’’.^[4]

MERITS

ابن بابويه: بإسناده، عن عبد الله بن أبي يعفور، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: «من قرأ كل يوم  أو كل جمعة سورة الأحقاف، لم يصبه الله بروعة في الحياة الدنيا، و آمنه من فزع يوم القيامة، إن شاء الله تعالى

Ibn Babuwayh, by his chain, from Abdullah Bin Abu Ya’four,

Abu Abdullah^-asws has said: ‘The one who recites Surah Al-Ahqaaf every day, or every Friday, Allah^-azwj would never Let him be hit by fright in the life of the world, and would Secure him from the panic on the Day of Judgement, if Allah^-azwj so desires it’.[5]

و من (خواص القرآن): روي عن النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله)، أنه قال: «من قرأ هذه السورة كتبت له من الحسنات بعدد كل رجل مشت على الأرض عشر مرات، و محي عنه عشر سيئات، و رفع له عشر درجات

And from Khawas Al-Quran –

It has been reported from the Prophet^-saww having said; ‘The one who recites this Chapter (46), there would be written for him ten times the Rewards of the number of men walking upon the earth, and remove ten sins from him, and raise him by ten levels.

و من كتبها و علقها عليه، أو على طفل، أو ما يرضع، أو سقاه ماءها، كان قويا في جسمه، سالما مما يصيب الأطفال من الحوادث كلها، قرير العين في مهده بإذن الله تعالى و منه عليه

And one who writes it and attaches it (as an amulet) upon himself, or upon a child, or a breast-fed baby, or drinks its water, would be strong of body, a safety for the children from all the accidents which could affect them, and be a delight to the eyes in the cradle, by the Permission of Allah^-azwj the Exalted, and (delight) from Him^-azwj upon him’.[6]

و قال الصادق (عليه السلام): «من كتبها في صحيفة و غسلها بماء زمزم، و شربها كان عند الناس محبوبا، و كلمته مسموعة، و لا يسمع شيئا إلا وعاه، و تصلح لجميع الأغراض، تكتب و تمحى و تغسل بها الأمراض، يسكن بها المرض بإذن الله تعالى

Al-Sadiq^-asws said: ‘The one who writes it (Surah Ahqaaf) in a parchment, and washes with the water of Zamzam, and drinks it, he would be a beloved one in the presence of the people, and would be a good listener, and will not hear anything except that he would retain it, and he would be suitable for all purposes, written, and erased, and washing the disease with it would settle the disease, by the Permission of Allah^-azwj’.[7]

و قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): «من كتبها و علقها على طفل، أو كتبها و سقاه ماءها، كان قويا في جسمه، سالما مسلما صحيحا مما يصيب الأطفال كلها، قرير العين في مهده

And Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘One who writes it and attaches it upon a child (as an amulet), or writes it and drinks its water, there would be strength in his body, safety, healthy from whatever afflicts the child, all of it, being a delight of the eyes in his cradle’.[8]

فِي مَجْمَعِ الْبَيَانِ أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ قَالَ: مَنْ قَرَأَ سُورَةَ الْأَحْقَافِ أُعْطِيَ مِنَ الْأَجْرِ بِعَدَدِ كُلِّ رَمْلٍ فِي الدُّنْيَا عَشْرُ حَسَنَاتٍ، وَ مُحِيَ عَنْهُ عَشْرُ سَيِّئَاتٍ، وَ رُفِعَ لَهُ عَشْرُ دَرَجَاتٍ

In (the book) Majma Al Bayan – ‘Ubayy Bin Ka’ab,

‘From the Prophet^-saww having said: ‘One who recites Surah Al-Ahqaaf would be Given from the Recompense of ten Rewards with the number of every grain of sand in the world, and there would be Deleted from him ten evil deeds, and he would be Raised by ten Levels’’.[9]

VERSE 1

حم {1}

Ha Meem [46:1]  

في كتاب معاني الاخبار باسناده إلى سفيان بن سعيد الثوري عن الصادق عليه السلام حديث طويل يقول فيه عليه السلام وأما حم فمعناه الحميد المجيد

In the Book Ma’any Al-Akhbar, by his chain going up to Sufyan Bin Saeed Al-Sowry, who has reported:

Al-Sadiq^-asws – a lengthy Hadeeth in which he^-asws is saying: ‘And as for: Ha Meem [45:1], so its Meaning is – The Praised One (الحميد), the Glorious One (المجيد)’.[10]

VERSES 2 – 4

تَنْزِيلُ الْكِتَابِ مِنَ اللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَكِيمِ {2}

A Revelation of the Book from Allah, the Mighty, the Wise [46:2]

مَا خَلَقْنَا السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ وَأَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى ۚ َالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا عَمَّا أُنْذِرُوا مُعْرِضُونَ {3}

We did not Create the skies and the earth and what is between them except with the Truth and a specified term. Those who are committing Kufr are turning away from what they are being warned of [46:3]  

قُلْ أَرَأَيْتُمْ مَا تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَرُونِي مَاذَا خَلَقُوا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ أَمْ لَهُمْ شِرْكٌ فِي  السَّمَاوَاتِ ۖ ائْتُونِي بِكِتَابٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ هَٰذَا أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ {4}

Say: ‘Have you considered what you are supplicating to from besides Allah? Show me what they have created of the earth. Or do they have a share in the skies? Come to me with a Book from before this or ‘Assar’ (remnent) of knowledge, if you were truthful’ [46:4]  

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى ائْتُونِي بِكِتابٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ هذا أَوْ أَثارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صادِقِينَ قَالَ عَنَى بِالْكِتَابِ التَّوْرَاةَ وَ الْإِنْجِيلَ وَ أَثَارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ فَإِنَّمَا عَنَى بِذَلِكَ عِلْمَ أَوْصِيَاءِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ ( عليهم السلام )

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ibn Mahboub, from Jameel Bin Salih, from Abu Ubeyda who said,

‘I asked Abu Ja’far^-asws about the Words of the Exalted: Come to me with a Book from before this or traces of knowledge, if you were truthful’ [46:4]. He^-asws said: ‘It Means by the Book, the Torah, and the Evangel, and ‘traces of knowledge’, so rather it means by that, knowledge of the successors^-as of the Prophets^-as (i.e., their^-as Ahadeeth).[11]

عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ حُكَيْمٍ عَنْ نُعَيْمٍ الْقَابُوسِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ إِنَّ ابْنِي عَلِيّاً أَكْبَرُ وُلْدِي وَ أَبَرُّهُمْ عِنْدِي وَ أَحَبُّهُمْ إِلَيَّ وَ هُوَ يَنْظُرُ مَعِي فِي الْجَفْرِ وَ لَمْ يَنْظُرْ فِيهِ إِلَّا نَبِيٌّ أَوْ وَصِيُّ نَبِيٍّ

A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Mohammed from Muawiya ibn Hakim who from Nuaym al-Qabusi, who has narrated the following from Abu Al-Hassan^-asws:

Abu Al-Hassan^-asws said: My^-asws son, Ali^-asws is the eldest of my^-asws sons, I^-asws consider him^-asws the most virtuous among them and the most beloved of them to me^-asws.  He^-asws looks into the Jafr (a secret source of knowledge) with me^-asws.  No one can read it except a Prophet^-asws or the executor of the will of a Prophet^-asws.^[12]

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنَّ فِي الْجَفْرِ الَّذِي يَذْكُرُونَهُ لَمَا يَسُوؤُهُمْ لِأَنَّهُمْ لَا يَقُولُونَ الْحَقَّ وَ الْحَقُّ فِيهِ فَلْيُخْرِجُوا قَضَايَا عَلِيٍّ وَ فَرَائِضَهُ إِنْ كَانُوا صَادِقِينَ

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus, from the one who mentioned it, from Suleyman Bin Khalid who said,

‘Abu Abdullah^-asws said: ‘With regards to the (Book) Al-Jaf’r which they (Zaydiites) are mentioning is due to what is disturbing them. They are not saying the truth, and the Truth is in it. So let them be extracting the judgments of Ali^-asws and his^-asws Obligation if they were truthful.

وَ سَلُوهُمْ عَنِ الْخَالَاتِ وَ الْعَمَّاتِ وَ لْيُخْرِجُوا مُصْحَفَ فَاطِمَةَ ( عليها السلام ) فَإِنَّ فِيهِ وَصِيَّةَ فَاطِمَةَ ( عليها السلام ) وَ مَعَهُ سِلَاحُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ فَأْتُوا بِكِتابٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ هذا أَوْ أَثارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صادِقِينَ

And ask them about (the inheritances of) the maternal aunts and the paternal aunts, and let them bring out the Parchment of (Syeda) Fatima^-asws, for therein is a bequest of (Syeda) Fatima^-asws, and with it are the weapons of Rasool-Allah^-saww. Allah Mighty and Majestic is Saying: Come to me with a Book from before this or traces of knowledge, if you were truthful’ [46:4]’.[13]

حدثنا محمد بن عيسى عن صفوان عن ابى عثمان عن معلى بن خنيس عن ابى عبد الله عليه السلام انه قال في بنى عمه لو انكم سألوكم واجبتموهم كان احب إلى ان تقولوا لهم انا لسنا كما يبلغكم ولكنا قوم نطلب هذا العلم عند من هو ومن صاحبه فان يكن عندكم فانا نتبعكم إلى من يدعونا إليه وان يكن عند غيركم فانا نطلبه حتى نعلم من صاحبه

It has been narrated to us by Muhammad Bin Isa, from Safwaan, from Abu Usmaan, from Moala Bin Khunays, who has said the following:

Abu Abdullah^-asws having said regarding the clan of his^-asws uncle: ‘And if they were to ask you and you were to answer them, this would have been more beloved to me^-asws than for you to say to them that I^-asws am not as it has reached you, but we^-asws are a people who seek this knowledge from the one^-asws whose has it, and who is the owner of it. If this happens to be with you, then I^-asws will follow you to the one you are calling us^-asws to, and if this happens to be with others, I^-asws would seek it until I^-asws know it from its owner’.

وقال ان الكتب كانت عند على بن ابى طالب عليه السلام فلما سار إلى العراق استودع الكتب ام سلمة فلما قتل كانت عند الحسن فلما هلك الحسن كانت عند الحسين ثم كانت عند ابى ثم تزعم يسبقونا إلى خير ام هم ارغب إليه منا ام هم اسرع إليه منا ولكنا ننتظر امر الاشياخ الذين قبضوا قبلنا اما انا فلا احرج ان اقول ان الله قال في كتابه لقوم أو اثارة من علم ان كنتم صادقين فمرهم فليدعوا من عنده اثرة من علم ان كانوا صادقين

And said: ‘The Book used to be with Ali^-asws Bin Abu Talib^-asws. When he^-asws went to Al-Iraq, he^-asws entrusted the Book to Umm Salma^-ra. When he^-asws was martyred, it used to be with Al-Hassan^-asws, when Al-Hassan^-asws was no more, it used to be with Al-Husayn^-asws, then it used to be with my^-asws father^-asws, but I^-asws without any hesitation would say that Allah^-azwj has Stated in His^-azwj Book to the people: or traces of knowledge, if you were truthful’ [46:4]. Pass by them. Let them call on the one with whom are the traces of knowledge if they were the truthful’.[14]

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ فِي الْجَفْرِ الَّذِي يَذْكُرُونَهُ لَمَا يَسُوؤُهُمْ لِأَنَّهُمْ لَا يَقُولُونَ الْحَقَّ وَ الْحَقُّ فِيهِ فَلْيُخْرِجُوا قَضَايَا عَلِيٍّ وَ فَرَائِضَهُ إِنْ كَانُوا صَادِقِينَ وَ سَلُوهُمْ عَنِ الْخَالَاتِ وَ الْعَمَّاتِ وَ لْيُخْرِجُوا مُصْحَفَ فَاطِمَةَ ع فَإِنَّ فِيهِ وَصِيَّةَ فَاطِمَةَ ع وَ مَعَهُ سِلَاحُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ فَأْتُوا بِكِتابٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ هذا أَوْ أَثارَةٍ مِنْ عِلْمٍ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صادِقِينَ‏

Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn Isa from Yunus from the person that he mentioned from Sulaiman ibn Khalid who has narrated the following from Abu Abd Allah^-asws:

Abu Abd Allah^-asws said: ‘The Jafr of which they speak certainly disappoints them because they do not speak the truth while Jafr does contain the truth. Allow them bring to light there from the Judgements of AIi^-asws and his^-asws rules of inheritance, if they are truthful. Ask them about (the inheritance) of paternal and maternal aunts. Allow them show the Mushaf of Fatimah^-asws. In it, certainly, there is the will of Fatimah^-asws. With it there are the ‘سِلَاحُ’ Armaments of the Messenger of Allah^-saww. Allah^-azwj has Said: ‘Bring me a Book, revealed before this Quran, or any other proof based on knowledge to support your belief, if indeed you are truthful’ (46:4).^[15]

VERSES 5 – 8

وَمَنْ أَضَلُّ مِمَّنْ يَدْعُو مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مَنْ لَا يَسْتَجِيبُ لَهُ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَهُمْ عَنْ دُعَائِهِمْ غَافِلُونَ {5}

And who is more straying than one who supplicates to ones from besides Allah who cannot answer him up to the Day of Judgment, and they are heedless from their supplications? [46:5]

أبي، عن الحميري، عن هارون، عن ابن صدقة، عن جعفر بن محمد، عن آبائه، عن علي عليهم السلام قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله: ثلاثة يشفعون إلى الله عزوجل فيشفعون: الانبياء، ثم العلماء، ثم الشهداء

My father, from Al Humeyri, from Haroun, from Ibn Sadaqa,

‘From Ja’far^-asws Bin Muhammad^-asws, from his^-asws forefathers^-asws, from Ali^-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘Three will seek (permission for) intercession to Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and they would be interceding – The Prophet^-saww, then the scholars, then the martyrs’’.^[16]

شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‏ فِي قَوْلِهِ‏ وَ ما يُؤْمِنُ أَكْثَرُهُمْ بِاللَّهِ إِلَّا وَ هُمْ مُشْرِكُونَ‏ قَالَ هُوَ قَوْلُ الرَّجُلِ لَوْ لَا فُلَانٌ لَهَلَكْتُ وَ لَوْ لَا فُلَانٌ لَأَصَبْتُ كَذَا وَ كَذَا وَ لَوْ لَا فُلَانٌ لَضَاعَ عِيَالِي أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّهُ قَدْ جَعَلَ شَرِيكاً فِي مُلْكِهِ يَرْزُقُهُ وَ يَدْفَعُ عَنْهُ

Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Malik Bin Atiyya,

‘From Abu Abdullah^-asws regarding His^-azwj Words: And most of them do not believe in Allah except and they are associating [12:106]. He^-asws said: ‘It is the word of a man, ‘Had it not been for so and so, I would have been destroyed!’, and ‘Had it not been for so and so I would have achieved such and such’, and had it not been for so and so, my dependants would have been lost’. Don’t you see that he has made an associate in His^-azwj Kingdom, sustaining him, and defending him?’

قَالَ قُلْتُ فَيَقُولُ لَوْ لَا أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَنَّ عَلَيَّ بِفُلَانٍ لَهَلَكْتُ

He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘If he were to say, ‘Had it not been for Allah^-azwj Conferring upon me with so and so, I would have been destroyed’?’

قَالَ نَعَمْ لَا بَأْسَ بِهَذَا

He^-asws said: ‘Yes, there is no problem with that’’.^[17]

كَنْزُ الْفَوَائِدِ لِلْكَرَاجُكِيِّ ذَكَرَ أَنَّ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ أَكَلَ طَعَاماً مَعَ الْإِمَامِ الصَّادِقِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع فَلَمَّا رَفَعَ ع يَدَهُ مِنْ أَكْلِهِ قَالَ- الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعالَمِينَ‏ اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ هَذَا مِنْكَ وَ مِنْ رَسُولِكَ

(The book) ‘Kanz Al Fawaid’ of Al Karajaky –

‘Abu Haneefa was eating a meal with the Imam^-asws Al-Sadiq Ja’far^-asws Bin Muhammad^-asws. When he^-asws raised his^-asws hands from the meal, he^-asws said: ‘The Praise is for Allah^-azwj, Lord^-azwj of the worlds! O Allah^-azwj! This is from You^-azwj and from Your^-azwj Rasool^-saww’.

فَقَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَ جَعَلْتَ مَعَ اللَّهِ شَرِيكاً

Abu Haneefa said, ‘O Abu Abdullah^-asws! Are you making an associate to be with Allah^-azwj?’

فَقَالَ لَهُ وَيْلَكَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ- وَ ما نَقَمُوا إِلَّا أَنْ أَغْناهُمُ اللَّهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ‏ وَ يَقُولُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ وَ لَوْ أَنَّهُمْ رَضُوا ما آتاهُمُ اللَّهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ وَ قالُوا حَسْبُنَا اللَّهُ سَيُؤْتِينَا اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَ رَسُولُهُ‏

He^-asws said to him: ‘Woe be unto you! Allah^-azwj the Exalted is Saying in His^-azwj Book: and they hated except if Allah and His Rasool was to Enrich them from His Grace. [9:74]. And He^-azwj Says in another place: And if only they had been pleased with what Allah and His Rasool gave them, and they should be saying: ‘Allah is Sufficient for us; Allah will soon Give us from His Grace and (so would) His Rasool; [9:59]’.

فَقَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ وَ اللَّهِ لَكَأَنِّي مَا قَرَأْتُهُمَا قَطُّ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَ لَا سَمِعْتُهُمَا إِلَّا فِي هَذَا الْوَقْتِ

Abu Haneefa said, ‘By Allah^-azwj! It is as if I had not read these two (Verses) at all from the Book of Allah^-azwj, nor heard them except during this time!’

فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع بَلَى قَدْ قَرَأْتَهُمَا وَ سَمِعْتَهُمَا وَ لَكِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَنْزَلَ فِيكَ وَ فِي أَشْبَاهِكَ- أَمْ عَلى‏ قُلُوبٍ أَقْفالُها وَ قَالَ‏- كَلَّا بَلْ رانَ عَلى‏ قُلُوبِهِمْ ما كانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ‏

Abu Abdullah^-asws said: ‘Yes, you have heard these two and heard them, but Allah^-azwj the Exalted has Revealed regarding you and regarding the likes of you: or are there locks upon (their) hearts [47:24]. And Said: Never! But it has rusted upon their hearts, what they had been earning [83:14]’’.^[18]

وَإِذَا حُشِرَ النَّاسُ كَانُوا لَهُمْ أَعْدَاءً وَكَانُوا بِعِبَادَتِهِمْ كَافِرِينَ {6}

And when the people are gathered, they would be enemies to them (idols), and they would be denying their having worshipped them [46:6]

عَنْهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ (عليه السلام) يَا مَالِكُ أَ مَا تَرْضَوْنَ أَنْ تُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَ تُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَ تَكُفُّوا وَ تَدْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ يَا مَالِكُ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ ائْتَمُّوا بِإِمَامٍ فِي الدُّنْيَا إِلَّا جَاءَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَلْعَنُهُمْ وَ يَلْعَنُونَهُ إِلَّا أَنْتُمْ وَ مَنْ كَانَ عَلَى مِثْلِ حَالِكُمْ يَا مَالِكُ إِنَّ الْمَيِّتَ وَ اللَّهِ مِنْكُمْ عَلَى هَذَا الْأَمْرِ لَشَهِيدٌ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الضَّارِبِ بِسَيْفِهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ

From him, from Ibn Muskaan, from maalik Al-Juhny who said:

Abu Abdullah^-asws said to me: ‘O Maalik! Will you not be happy that you establish the Prayer, and you give the Zakat, and you restrain yourself, and you enter the Paradise? O Maalik! There is none from the people who followed the imam in the world except that he (their imam) will come on the Day of Judgement cursing them and they would be cursing him except for you and the one who is similar to your condition. O Maalik! By Allah^-azwj, the dead ones from among you who were upon this matter (Al-Wilayah) is a martyr of the status of the striker with his sword in the Way of Allah^-azwj’.^[19]

وَإِذَا تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتُنَا بَيِّنَاتٍ قَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِلْحَقِّ لَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ هَٰذَا سِحْرٌ مُبِينٌ {7}

And when Our clear Verse are recited to them, those who commit Kufr say for the Truth when it comes to them, ‘This is clear sorcery!’ [46:7]  

معاني الأخبار الْمُفَسِّرُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَذَبَتْ قُرَيْشٌ وَ الْيَهُودُ بِالْقُرْآنِ وَ قَالُوا سِحْرٌ مُبِينٌ تَقَوَّلَهُ

(The book) ‘Ma’any Al Akhbar’ – Al Mufassir, by his chain to,

Abu Muhammad Al-Askari^-asws, he^-asws said: ‘The Quraysh and the Jews belied the Quran and they said, ‘It is clear sorcery you^-saww are saying !’ (an extract).^[20]

أَمْ يَقُولُونَ افْتَرَاهُ ۖ قُلْ إِنِ افْتَرَيْتُهُ فَلَا تَمْلِكُونَ لِي مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا ۖ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا تُفِيضُونَ فِيهِ ۖ كَفَىٰ بِهِ شَهِيدًا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ ۖ وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ {8}

Or they are saying, ‘He has fabricated it’. Say: ‘If I have fabricated it, then you will not be controlling anything for me from Allah (anyhow). He is more Knowing with what you are uttering with regards to it. I suffice with Him as a Witness between me and you, and He is the Forgiving, the Merciful’ [46:8]  

وَ أَنْزَلَ‏ أَمْ يَقُولُونَ افْتَراهُ قُلْ إِنِ افْتَرَيْتُهُ فَلا تَمْلِكُونَ لِي مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئاً هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِما تُفِيضُونَ فِيهِ كَفى‏ بِهِ شَهِيداً بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَ هُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ‏

And He^-azwj Revealed: Or they are saying, ‘He has fabricated it’. Say: ‘If I have fabricated it, then you will not be controlling anything for me from Allah (anyhow). He is more Knowing with what you are uttering with regards to it. I suffice with Him as a Witness between me and you, and He is the Forgiving, the Merciful’ [46:8]. 

 فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمُ النَّبِيُّ ص فَقَالَ هَلْ مِنْ حَدَثٍ فَقَالُوا إِي وَ اللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَقَدْ قَالَ بَعْضُنَا كَلَاماً غَلِيظاً كَرِهْنَاهُ‏ فَتَلَا عَلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْآيَةَ فَبَكَوْا وَ اشْتَدَّ بُكَاؤُهُمْ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ‏ وَ هُوَ الَّذِي يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبادِهِ وَ يَعْفُوا عَنِ السَّيِّئاتِ وَ يَعْلَمُ ما تَفْعَلُونَ‏ فَهَذِهِ السَّادِسَةُ

So, the Prophet^-saww sent a message to them and said: ‘Has anything new occurred?’ They said, ‘Yes, by Allah^-azwj, O Rasool-Allah^-saww! Some of us had said a disgusting talk, we disliked it’. So, Rasool-Allah^-saww recited the Verse to them. They cried and their crying intensified. Then Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed: And He is the One Who Accepts the repentance from His servants, and He Pardons from the evil deeds, and He Knows what you are doing [42:25]. So this is the sixth (an extract).[21] 

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الرَّيَّانِ بْنِ الصَّلْتِ قَالَ

It was narrated to us by Muhammad Bin Abdullah Bin Ja’far Al Humeyri, from his father, from Al Rayyan Bin Al Salt who said,

حَضَرَ الرِّضَا ع مَجْلِسَ الْمَأْمُونِ بِمَرْوَ وَ قَدِ اجْتَمَعَ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ عُلَمَاءِ الْعِرَاقِ وَ خُرَاسَانَ

‘Al-Reza^-asws attended the gathering of Al-Mamoun at Merv, and he had gathered in his gathering a group of scholars of Al-Iraq and Khurasan. . . .

ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ جَدِّي عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ع قَالَ اجْتَمَعَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ وَ الْأَنْصَارُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالُوا إِنَّ لَكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَئُونَةً فِي نَفَقَتِكَ وَ فِيمَنْ يَأْتِيكَ مِنَ الْوُفُودِ وَ هَذِهِ أَمْوَالُنَا مَعَ دِمَائِكُمْ فَاحْكُمْ فِيهَا بَارّاً مَأْجُوراً أَعْطِ مَا شِئْتَ وَ أَمْسِكْ مَا شِئْتَ مِنْ غَيْرِ حَرَجٍ

‘Then Abu Al-Hassan^-asws said: ‘My^-asws father^-asws narrated to me^-asws from my^-asws grandfather^-asws, from Al-Husayn^-asws Bin Ali^-asws having said: ‘The Emigrants and the Helpers gathered to Rasool-Allah^-saww and they said, ‘For you^-saww, O Rasool-Allah^-saww for you there is a provision regarding your^-saww expenses, and regarding the ones who come to you^-saww from the delegation, and this here is our wealth with our blood. So decide righteously with regards to it as a recompense. We would give whatever you^-saww so desire and withhold whatever you^-saww so desire, from without any objection’.

قَالَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَيْهِ الرُّوحَ الْأَمِينَ فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ قُلْ لا أَسْئَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْراً إِلَّا الْمَوَدَّةَ فِي الْقُرْبى‏ يَعْنِي أَنْ يَوَدُّوا قَرَابَتِي مِنْ بَعْدِي

He^-asws said: ‘So Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Caused the Trustworthy Spirit to descend unto him^-asws, and he^-as said: ‘O Muhammad^-saww! Say: ‘I do not ask you for recompense over it, except for the cordiality to be for my relatives’ [42:23] – meaning, ‘You should be cordial to my^-saww relatives from after me^-saww’.

فَخَرَجُوا فَقَالَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ مَا حَمَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ عَلَى تَرْكِ مَا عَرَضْنَا عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا لِيَحُثَّنَا عَلَى قَرَابَتِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا شَيْ‏ءٌ أَقَرَّهُ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ وَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ عَظِيماً

So they went out, and the hypocrites said, ‘Nothing carried Rasool-Allah^-saww upon neglecting what we presented to him^-saww except urging us upon his^-saww relatives from after him^-saww. It is only a thing to be accepted in his^-saww gathering’. And that was grievous (to Rasool-Allah^-saww) from their words.

فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ جَبْرَئِيلَ ع بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ أَمْ يَقُولُونَ افْتَراهُ قُلْ إِنِ افْتَرَيْتُهُ فَلا تَمْلِكُونَ لِي مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئاً هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِما تُفِيضُونَ فِيهِ كَفى‏ بِهِ شَهِيداً بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَ هُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ‏

So Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Send down Jibraeel^-as with this Verse: Or they are saying, ‘He has fabricated it’. Say: ‘If I have fabricated it, then you will not be controlling anything for me from Allah (anyhow). He is more Knowing with what you are uttering with regards to it. I suffice with Him as a Witness between me and you, and He is the Forgiving, the Merciful’ [46:8].

فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمُ النَّبِيَّ ص فَقَالَ هَلْ مِنْ حَدَثٍ فَقَالُوا إِي وَ اللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَقَدْ قَالَ بَعْضُنَا كَلَاماً غَلِيظاً كَرِهْنَاهُ فَتَلَا عَلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْآيَةَ فَبَكَوْا وَ اشْتَدَّ بُكَاؤُهُمْ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ‏ وَ هُوَ الَّذِي يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبادِهِ وَ يَعْفُوا عَنِ السَّيِّئاتِ وَ يَعْلَمُ ما تَفْعَلُونَ‏ فَهَذِهِ السَّادِسَةُ

So, the Prophet^-saww sent for them and he^-saww said: ‘Has anything new occurred?’ They said, ‘Yes, by Allah^-azwj, O Rasool-Allah^-saww! Some of us have said a serious speech. We abhorred it’. So Rasool-Allah^-saww recited at that the Verse, and they cried, and their crying intensified’’ (An extract).[22]

ثم‏ قال علي بن إبراهيم، و في رواية أبي الجارود، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، في قوله: إِلَّا إِفْكٌ افْتَراهُ قال: «الإفك: الكذب وَ أَعانَهُ عَلَيْهِ قَوْمٌ آخَرُونَ يعنون أبا فكيهة، و حبرا ، و عداسا، و عابسا  مولى حويطب

Then Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘And in a report of Abu Al-Jaroud,

(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far^-asws regarding His^-azwj Words: ‘Surely this is only a lie. He fabricated it [25:4], he^-asws said: ‘Al-Ifak (الإفك) – is the lie, and he is being assisted upon it by other people – meaning Abu Fakeyhat, and Habra, and Adasa, and Abasa the slave of Huweytab.

و قوله: أَساطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ اكْتَتَبَها فهو قول النضر بن الحارث بن علقمة بن كلدة، قال: أساطير الأولين اكتتبها محمد، فهي تملى عليه بكرة و أصيلا

And His^-azwj Words: ‘Stories of the former ones! He had these written out – This is the speech of Al-Nazar Bin Al-Haris Bin Alqama Bin Kaldat who said, ‘Stories of the former ones! He had these written out, and these are being dictated to him (in the) morning and evening’ [25:5]’.[23]

VERSE 9

قُلْ مَا كُنْتُ بِدْعًا مِنَ الرُّسُلِ وَمَا أَدْرِي مَا يُفْعَلُ بِي وَلَا بِكُمْ ۖ إِنْ أَتَّبِعُ إِلَّا مَا يُوحَىٰ إِلَيَّ وَمَا أَنَا إِلَّا نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ {9}

Say: ‘I wasn’t the first of the Rasools, and (Allah) Knows (best) what is to transpire with me and with you all. Surely, I only follow what is Revealed unto me, and I am not, except a clear warner’ [46:9]  

أحمد بن محمد بن خالد البرقي: عن أبيه محمد بن خالد البرقي، عن خلف بن حماد، عن عمرو بن شمر، عن جابر، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)- في حديث- قال: «قد كان الشي‏ء ينزل على رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) فيعمل به زمانا، ثم يؤمر بغيره فيأمر به أصحابه و أمته

Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid Al-Barqy, from his father Muhammad Bin Khalid Al-Barqy, from Khalaf Bin Hamaad, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir,

‘From Abu Ja’far^-asws – in a Hadeeth – said: ‘A matter was Revealed upon Rasool-Allah^-saww, so he^-saww acted upon it for a time, then he^-saww was commanded for other than it, so he^-saww ordered his^-saww companions and the community for it.

قال أناس: يا رسول الله، إنك تأمرنا بالشي‏ء حتى إذا اعتدناه و جرينا عليه، أمرتنا بغيره؟

Anas said, ‘O Rasool-Allah^-saww! You^-saww ordered us with the thing to the extent that we got used to it and followed it, (now) you^-saww are ordering us for other than it?’

فسكت النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله) عنهم، فأنزل الله عليه: قُلْ ما كُنْتُ بِدْعاً مِنَ الرُّسُلِ وَ ما أَدْرِي ما يُفْعَلُ بِي وَ لا بِكُمْ إِنْ أَتَّبِعُ إِلَّا ما يُوحى إِلَيَّ وَ ما أَنَا إِلَّا نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ

So, the Prophet^-saww was silent from them, and Allah^-azwj Revealed unto him^-saww: Say: ‘I wasn’t the first of the Rasools, and (Allah) Knows (best) what is to transpire with me and with you all. Surely, I only follow what is Revealed unto me, and I am not, except a clear warner [46:9]’.[24]

The Altered Verse

شرف الدين النجفي، قال: روي مرفوعا، عن محمد بن خالد البرقي، عن أحمد بن النضر، عن أبي مريم عن بعض أصحابنا، رفعه إلى أبي جعفر و أبي عبد الله (عليهما السلام)، قالا: « [لما] نزلت على رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): قُلْ ما كُنْتُ بِدْعاً مِنَ الرُّسُلِ وَ ما أَدْرِي ما يُفْعَلُ بِي وَ لا بِكُمْ، يعني في حروبه، قالت قريش: فعلى ما نتبعه، و هو لا يدري ما يفعل به و لا بنا؟ فأنزل الله تعالى: إِنَّا فَتَحْنا لَكَ فَتْحاً مُبِيناً

Sharaf Al-Deen Al-Najafy said, ‘It has been reported with an unbroken chain, from Muhammad Bin Khalid Al-Barqy, from Ahmad Bin Al-Nazar, from Abu Maryam, from one of our companions, raising it to

Abu Ja’far^-asws and Abu Abdullah^-asws having said: ‘When it was Revealed upon Rasool-Allah^-saww: Say: ‘I wasn’t the first of the Rasools, and (Allah) Knows (best) what is to transpire with me and with you all.  [46:9] – meaning regarding his^-saww wars, the Quraysh said, ‘So upon what should we follow him^-saww, and he^-saww does not know what will be Done with him^-saww or with us?’ Therefore Allah^-azwj Revealed: Surely We Opened for you a clear victory [48:1].

و قالا: «قوله تعالى: إِنْ أَتَّبِعُ إِلَّا ما يُوحى إِلَيَّ في علي، هكذا نزلت

And they^-asws both said: ‘The Words of the Exalted: Surely, I only follow what is Revealed unto me regarding Ali – this is how it was Revealed’.[25]

VERSE 10

قُلْ أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ كَانَ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ وَكَفَرْتُمْ بِهِ وَشَهِدَ شَاهِدٌ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ عَلَىٰ مِثْلِهِ فَآمَنَ وَاسْتَكْبَرْتُمْ ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ {10}

Say: ‘Have you considered if it was from the Presence of Allah, and you disbelieved in it? And a witness from the Children of Israel testified upon the like of it, so he believed and you were arrogant. Surely, Allah does not Guide the unjust people [46:10]  

عن محمد بن علي، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: سألته عن قوله تعالى: يا بَنِي إِسْرائِيلَ. قال: «هي خاصة بآل محمد

From Muhammad Bin Ali, from Abu Abdullah^-asws, said, ‘I asked him^-asws about the Words of the Exalted: Children of Israel! [46:10]. He^-asws said: ‘It is particular for the Progeny^-asws of Muhammad^-saww’’.[26]

علي بن إبراهيم، قال: قل إن كان القرآن من عند الله وَ شَهِدَ شاهِدٌ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرائِيلَ عَلى مِثْلِهِ فَآمَنَ وَ اسْتَكْبَرْتُمْ، قال: الشاهد: أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)

Ali Bin Ibrahim said,

‘Say, if the Quran was from the Presence of Allah^-azwj And a witness from the Children of Israel testified upon the like of it, so he believed and you were arrogant [46:10], said, ‘The witness is Amir-Al-Momineen^-asws’.[27]

VERSES 11 & 12

وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَوْ كَانَ خَيْرًا مَا سَبَقُونَا إِلَيْهِ ۚ وَإِذْ لَمْ يَهْتَدُوا بِهِ فَسَيَقُولُونَ هَٰذَا إِفْكٌ قَدِيمٌ {11}

And those who commit Kufr say for those who believe, ‘If it was good, they would not have preceded us to it’. And since they are not seeking Guidance with it, so they are saying, ‘This is an old lie!’  [46:11]  

وَمِنْ قَبْلِهِ كِتَابُ مُوسَىٰ إِمَامًا وَرَحْمَةً ۚ وَهَٰذَا كِتَابٌ مُصَدِّقٌ لِسَانًا عَرَبِيًّا لِيُنْذِرَ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا وَبُشْرَىٰ لِلْمُحْسِنِينَ {12}

And from before it was the Book of Musa, an Imam and a Mercy, and this Book is a verifier in Arabic language in order to warn those who are unjust, and is a glad tiding for the good doers [46:12]  

فِي كِتَابِ الْخِصَالِ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ حَدِيثٌ طَوِيلٌ يَقُولُ فِيهِ: وَ مَنَّ عَلَيَّ رَبِّي فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ قَدْ أَرْسَلْتُ كُلَّ رَسُولٍ إِلَى أُمَّتِهِ بِلِسَانِهَا وَ أَرْسَلْتُكَ إِلَى كُلِّ أَحْمَرٍ وَ أَسْوَدٍ مِنْ خَلْقِي

In the book Al Khisaal, from Jabir Bin Abdullah,

‘From the Prophet^-saww, there is a lengthy Hadeeth in which he^-saww is saying: ‘And my^-saww Lord^-azwj Conferred upon me^-saww, so He^-azwj Said: “O Muhammad^-saww! I^-azwj have Sent each Rasool^-as to his^-as community with its language, and I^-azwj Sent you^-saww to every red and black one of My^-azwj creatures”’.[28]

وَ الَّذِي أَنْكَرْتَ مِنْ إِمَامَةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص وَ زَعَمْتَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ رَسُولًا وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ إِمَاماً فَإِنَّ إِنْكَارَكَ عَلَى جَمِيعِ النَّبِيِّينَ الْأَئِمَّةِ وَ لَكِنَّا نَشْهَدُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ رَسُولًا نَبِيّاً إِمَاماً ص وَ لِسَانُكَ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى مَا فِي قَلْبِكَ

(Amir ul Momineen^-asws wrote to Muawiya) And that which you are denying from the Imamate of Muhammad^-saww and are claiming that he^-saww was a Rasool^-saww and did not happen to be an Imam, then surely your denial is upon the entirety of the Prophets^-as being Imams. But, we^-asws testify that he^-saww was a Rasool^-saww, a Prophet^-saww, an Imam^-saww, and your tongue evidences of what is in your heart.

وَ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى‏ أَمْ حَسِبَ الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ أَنْ لَنْ يُخْرِجَ اللَّهُ أَضْغانَهُمْ وَ لَوْ نَشاءُ لَأَرَيْناكَهُمْ فَلَعَرَفْتَهُمْ بِسِيماهُمْ وَ لَتَعْرِفَنَّهُمْ فِي لَحْنِ الْقَوْلِ وَ اللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَعْمالَكُمْ‏

And Allah^-azwj the Exalted Said: Or do they in whose hearts is a disease, reckon that Allah will never Bring forth their grudges? [47:29] And if We so Desire, We would Show them to you, so you would recognise them by their marks, and you can (already) recognise them by their tone of speech, and Allah Knows your deeds [47:30].

أَلَا وَ قَدْ عَرَفْنَاكَ قَبْلَ الْيَوْمِ وَ عَدَاوَتَكَ وَ حَسَدَكَ وَ مَا فِي قَلْبِكَ مِنَ الْمَرَضِ الَّذِي أَخْرَجَهُ اللَّهُ

Indeed! And we^-asws had known you before today, and your enmity, and your envy, and what disease there is in your heart which Allah^-azwj Extracted.

وَ الَّذِي أَنْكَرْتَ مِنْ قَرَابَتِي وَ حَقِّي فَإِنَّ سَهْمَنَا وَ حَقَّنَا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ قِسْمَةٌ لَنَا مَعَ نَبِيِّنَا فَقَالَ‏ وَ اعْلَمُوا أَنَّما غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْ‏ءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَ لِلرَّسُولِ وَ لِذِي الْقُرْبى‏ وَ قَالَ‏ فَآتِ ذَا الْقُرْبى‏ حَقَّهُ‏

And that which you are denying of my^-asws kinship, and my^-asws rights, so surely our^-asws share and our^-asws rights are in the Book of Allah^-azwj, Apportioned for us with our^-asws Prophet^-saww. And know that whatever booty you gain from anything, so a fifth of it is for Allah, and for the Rasool, and for the near of kin, [8:41], and Said: Therefore, give to the near of kin his due, [30:38].

وَ لَيْسَ وَجَدْتَ سَهْمَنَا مَعَ سَهْمِ اللَّهِ وَ رَسُولِهِ وَ سَهْمَكَ مَعَ الْأَبْعَدِينَ لَا سَهْمَ لَكَ إِنْ فَارَقْتَهُ فَقَدْ أَثْبَتَ اللَّهُ سَهْمَنَا وَ أَسْقَطَ سَهْمَكَ بِفِرَاقِكَ

And you haven’t found our share with the Share of Allah^-azwj and His^-azwj Rasool^-saww, and your share is with the remote ones. There is no share for you if you separate from it, for Allah^-azwj has Proved our^-asws share and Dropped your share with your kinship.

وَ أَنْكَرْتَ إِمَامَتِي وَ مُلْكِي فَهَلْ تَجِدُ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ قَوْلَهُ لِآلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ اصْطَفَاهُمْ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ فَهُوَ فَضَّلَنَا عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ وَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّكَ لَسْتَ مِنَ الْعَالَمِينَ أَوْ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّا لَسْنَا مِنْ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ

And you denied my^-asws Imamate and my^-asws kingdom. Did you not find in the Book of Allah^-azwj His^-azwj Words for the progeny of Ibrahim^-as and Choosing them over the worlds? It is our^-asws merit over the worlds. And either you are alleging you aren’t from the worlds, or you are claiming that we^-asws aren’t from the progeny of Ibrahim^-as.

فَإِنْ أَنْكَرْتَ ذَلِكَ لَنَا فَقَدْ أَنْكَرْتَ مُحَمَّداً ص فَهُوَ مِنَّا وَ نَحْنُ مِنْهُ فَإِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ أَنْ تُفَرِّقَ بَيْنَنَا وَ بَيْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ وَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَافْعَلْ

So, if you were to deny that being for us^-asws, so you have denied Muhammad^-saww, for he^-saww is from us^-asws and we^-asws are from him^-saww. So, if you are able to differentiate between us^-asws and Ibrahim^-as, and Ismail^-as, and Muhammad^-saww in the Book of Allah^-azwj, then do so’’.^[29] (an extract)

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي الْمِقْدَامِ قَالَ رَأَيْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ بِالْمَوْقِفِ وَ هُوَ يُنَادِي بِأَعْلَى صَوْتِهِ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) كَانَ الْإِمَامَ ثُمَّ كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ثُمَّ الْحَسَنُ ثُمَّ الْحُسَيْنُ ثُمَّ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ثُمَّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ ( عليه السلام ) ثُمَّ هَهْ فَيُنَادِي ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ لِمَنْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ وَ مِنْ خَلْفِهِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ صَوْتاً

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Al Nazar Bin Suweyd, from Amro Bin Abu Al Miqdam who said,

‘I saw Abu Abdullah-^-asws (6^th Imam) of the Day of Arafaat (during Hajj) by the Pausing Station, and he-^-asws was calling out in a loud voice of his-^-asws: ‘O you people! Rasool-Allah-^-saww was an Imam-^-saww, then Ali-^-asws Bin Abu Talib-^-asws was an Imam-^-asws, then Al-Hassan^-asws, then Al-Husayn^-asws, then Ali^-asws Bin Al-Husayn^-asws, then Muhammad^-asws Bin Ali^-asws, then Hah…..^[30]

VERSES 13 & 14

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا رَبُّنَا اللَّهُ ثُمَّ اسْتَقَامُوا فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ {13}

Surely, those who say, ‘Our Lord is Allah!’, then they are steadfast, so they will neither be fear upon them nor would they be grieving [46:13]  

أُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْجَنَّةِ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ {14}

They would be the dwellers of the Paradise, abiding eternally therein, being a Recompense due to what they had been doing  [46:14]

علي بن إبراهيم، قال: استقاموا على ولاية علي أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)

Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘then they are steadfast [46:13] – upon the Wilayah of Amir Al-Momineen^-asws’.[31]

VERSES 15 & 16

وَوَصَّيْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ بِوَالِدَيْهِ إِحْسَانًا ۖ حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ كُرْهًا وَوَضَعَتْهُ كُرْهًا ۖ وَحَمْلُهُ وَفِصَالُهُ ثَلَاثُونَ شَهْرًا ۚ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ وَبَلَغَ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً قَالَ رَبِّ أَوْزِعْنِي أَنْ أَشْكُرَ نِعْمَتَكَ الَّتِي أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيَّ وَعَلَىٰ وَالِدَيَّ وَأَنْ أَعْمَلَ صَالِحًا تَرْضَاهُ وَأَصْلِحْ لِي فِي ذُرِّيَّتِي ۖ إِنِّي تُبْتُ إِلَيْكَ وَإِنِّي مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ {15}

And We Bequeathed the human with being kind to his parents. His mother bore with abhorrence and gave birth to him with abhorrence; and his bearing and his weaning is of thirty months; until when he reaches his maturity and reaches forty years, he should say, ‘Lord! Strengthen me that I thank for Your Favours which You Favoured upon me and upon my parents, and that I act righteously You are Pleased with, and Rectify for me regarding my offspring. I repent to You and I am from the submitters’ [46:15]

أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ نَتَقَبَّلُ عَنْهُمْ أَحْسَنَ مَا عَمِلُوا وَنَتَجَاوَزُ عَنْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ فِي أَصْحَابِ الْجَنَّةِ ۖ وَعْدَ الصِّدْقِ الَّذِي كَانُوا يُوعَدُونَ {16}

They are those whom We would Accept, from them, the best of what they had done and Overlook from their evil deeds. (They would be the) dwellers of the Paradise, being the Truthful Promise which they were Promised [46:16]

و عنه: عن أحمد بن هوذة الباهلي، عن إبراهيم بن إسحاق النهاوندي، عن عبد الله بن حماد الأنصاري، عن نصر بن يحيى، عن المقيس بن عبد الرحمن، عن أبيه، عن جده [قال‏]: كان رجل من أصحاب رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) مع عمر بن الخطاب، فأرسله في جيش، فغاب ستة أشهر، ثم قدم و كان مع أهله ستة أشهر، فعلقت منه، فجاءت بولد لستة أشهر فأنكره، فجاء بها إلى عمر

And from him, from Ahmad Bin Howzat Al-Bahily, from Ibrahim Bin Is’haq Al-Nahawandy, from Abdullah Bin Hamaad Al-Ansary, from Nasr Bin Yahya, from Al-Maqeys Bin Abdul Rahman, from his father, from his grandfather who said,

‘A man from the companions of Rasool-Allah^-saww was with Umar Bin Al-Khattab, and he sent him in the army. He remained absent for six months, then came and was with his family for six months, she (his wife) brought a boy of six months to him. He denied it, so they both came with it to Umar.

فقال: يا أمير المؤمنين، كنت في البعث الذي وجهتني فيه، و تعلم أني قدمت منذ ستة أشهر، و كنت مع أهلي، و قد جاءت بغلام و هو ذا، و تزعم أنه مني، فقال لها عمر: ما تقولين، أيتها المرأة؟ فقالت: و الله ما غشيني رجل غيره، و ما فجرت، و إنه لابنه. فأمر بها عمر أن ترجم، فحفر لها حفيرة، ثم أدخلها فيها

He said, ‘O commander of the faithful! I was sent (in the army) and was in it, and you know that I came up since six months ago, and I was with my family. So, she has come with a boy, and this is him, and she is alleging that he is from me’. Umar said to her, ‘What have you to say, O woman?’ So, she said, ‘By Allah^-azwj! No man has come to me apart from him, and I am not immoral, and this is his son’. But Umar ordered for her to be stoned, and had a pit dug out for her, then entered her in it’.

فبلغ ذلك عليا (عليه السلام) فجاء مسرعا، حتى أدركها، و أخذ بيدها، فسلها من الحفيرة، ثم قال لعمر: «اربع على نفسك، إنها قد صدقت، إن الله عز و جل يقول في كتابه: وَ حَمْلُهُ وَ فِصالُهُ ثَلاثُونَ شَهْراً

(The news of) that reached Ali^-asws, so he^-asws came rushing until he^-asws reached her, and grabbed her by her hand and pulled her out from the pit, then said to Umar: ‘Four (witnesses are needed) upon yourself, she has spoken the truth. Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying in His^-azwj Book: and his bearing and his weaning is of thirty months [46:15]’.

و قال في الرضاع: وَ الْوالِداتُ يُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلادَهُنَّ حَوْلَيْنِ كامِلَيْنِ فالحمل و الرضاع ثلاثون شهرا، و هذا الحسين ولد لستة أشهر

And He^-azwj Said regarding the weaning: And the mothers should breastfeed their children for two years complete [2:233], so the carrying and the weaning is of thirty months, and this is Al-Husayn^-asws, a son^-asws after six months’.

فعندها قال عمر: لو لا علي لهلك عمر

So, it was for that, that Umar said, ‘Had it not been for Ali^-asws, Umar would have been destroyed’.[32]

الشيخ في (التهذيب): بإسناده، عن علي بن الحسن بن فضال، عن أحمد و محمد ابني الحسن، عن أبيهما، عن أحمد بن عمر الحلبي، عن عبد الله بن سنان، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: «سأله أبي و أنا حاضر، عن قول الله عز و جل: حَتَّى إِذا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ قال: «الاحتلام فقال: «يحتلم في ست عشرة و سبع عشرة سنة و نحوها

Al-Sheykh in Tehzeeb, by his chain, from Ali Bin Al-Hassan Bin Fazaal, from Ahmad and Muhammad Ibn Al-Hassan, from their father, from Ahmad Bin Umar Al-Halby, from Abdullah Bin Sinan,

Abu Abdullah^-asws, said, ‘My father asked him^-asws and I was present, about the Words of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic: until when he attains his maturity [46:15], he^-asws said: ‘The wet dreams. He will have wet dreams until sixteen and seventeen years, or around that’.[33]

الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ قَالَ رَأَيْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) وَ قَدْ خَرَجَ عَلَيَّ فَأَخَذْتُ النَّظَرَ إِلَيْهِ وَ جَعَلْتُ أَنْظُرُ إِلَى رَأْسِهِ وَ رِجْلَيْهِ لِأَصِفَ قَامَتَهُ لِأَصْحَابِنَا بِمِصْرَ فَبَيْنَا أَنَا كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى قَعَدَ فَقَالَ يَا عَلِيُّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ احْتَجَّ فِي الْإِمَامَةِ بِمِثْلِ مَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ فِي النُّبُوَّةِ فَقَالَ وَ آتَيْناهُ الْحُكْمَ صَبِيًّا وَ لَمَّا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ وَ بَلَغَ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً فَقَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُؤْتَى الْحِكْمَةَ وَ هُوَ صَبِيٌّ وَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُؤْتَاهَا وَ هُوَ ابْنُ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً

Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moala Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Asbat who said,

‘I saw Abu Ja’far^-asws and he^-asws had come out to me. So, I took to looking at him^-asws and went on looking at him^-asws to his^-asws head and his^-asws legs in order to be able to describe him^-asws to our companions in Egypt. While I was during that, he^-asws sat down and said: ‘O Ali! Allah^-azwj has Argued regarding the Imamate similar to what He^-azwj Argued with regarding the Prophet-hood, so He^-azwj Said: and We Gave him the Wisdom as a boy [19:12]. until when he reaches his maturity and reaches forty years [46:15]. Thus, it is allowed that he^-as be Given the Wisdom and he^-as was a child, and it is allowed that He^-azwj be Given it and he^-as was a man of forty years of age’.[34]

ابن الفارسي في (روضة الواعظين) قال: قال الصادق (عليه السلام) قوله تعالى: وَ بِالْوالِدَيْنِ إِحْساناً قال: «الوالدان محمد و علي (عليهما السلام)

Ibn Al Farsy, in Rowzat Al Waaizeen, said,

‘Al-Sadiq^-asws said regarding the Words of the Exalted: and being kind with the parents [46:15]  – The two parents are Muhammad^-saww and Ali^-asws’.[35]

VERSES 17 & 18

وَالَّذِي قَالَ لِوَالِدَيْهِ أُفٍّ لَكُمَا أَتَعِدَانِنِي أَنْ أُخْرَجَ وَقَدْ خَلَتِ الْقُرُونُ مِنْ قَبْلِي وَهُمَا يَسْتَغِيثَانِ اللَّهَ وَيْلَكَ آمِنْ إِنَّ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ فَيَقُولُ مَا هَٰذَا إِلَّا أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ {17}

And he who said to his parents, ‘Ugh to you both! Are you threatening me that I shall be brought forth and the generations have already passed away before me?’ And they both cried for help to Allah, ‘Woe be unto you! Believe! Surely the Promise of Allah is True’. So he was saying, ‘This (Religion) is only stories of the former ones’ [46:17]  

أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ حَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَوْلُ فِي أُمَمٍ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ ۖ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا خَاسِرِينَ {18}

They are those, the Word has proven true upon them among communities which has passed from before them, from the Jinn and the human beings. They were losers [46:18]

 لي، الأمالي للصدوق ابْنُ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنْ خَلَفِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْعَبْدِيِّ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‏ يَا عَلِيُّ أَنْتَ أَخِي وَ وَارِثِي وَ وَصِيِّي وَ خَلِيفَتِي فِي أَهْلِي وَ أُمَّتِي فِي حَيَاتِي وَ بَعْدَ مَمَاتِي

(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – Ibn Al Barqy, from his, from his grandfather, from Khalaf Bin Hammad, from Abu Al Hassan Al Abady, from Suleyman Bin Mihran,

‘From Al-Sadiq Ja’far^asws Bin Muhammad^asws, from his^asws father^asws, from his^asws forefathers^asws, from Ali^asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah^saww said: ‘O Ali^asws! You^asws are my^saww brother^asws, and my^saww inheritor, and my^saww successor^asws, and my^saww Caliph among my^saww family and my^saww community during my^saww lifetime and after my^saww passing away.

مُحِبُّكَ مُحِبِّي وَ مُبْغِضُكَ مُبْغِضِي يَا عَلِيُّ أَنَا وَ أَنْتَ أَبَوَا هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ يَا عَلِيُّ أَنَا وَ أَنْتَ وَ الْأَئِمَّةُ مِنْ وُلْدِكَ سَادَةٌ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَ مُلُوكٌ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مَنْ عَرَفَنَا فَقَدْ عَرَفَ اللَّهَ وَ مَنْ أَنْكَرَنَا فَقَدْ أَنْكَرَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ‏

One who loves you^asws loves me^saww, and one hating you^asws hates me^saww. O Ali^asws! I^saww and you^asws are two fathers of this community. O Ali^asws! I^asws and you^saww and the Imams^asws from your^asws sons^asws are chiefs in the world and kings in the Hereafter. One who recognises us^asws, he has recognised Allah^azwj, and one who denies us^asws so he has denied Allah^azwj Mighty and Majestic’’.^[36]

VERSES 19 & 20

وَلِكُلٍّ دَرَجَاتٌ مِمَّا عَمِلُوا ۖ وَلِيُوَفِّيَهُمْ أَعْمَالَهُمْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ {19}

And (the achievement) for every rank would be from what they had done, and He would Fulfil for them for their deeds and they would not be wronged [46:19]  

ابن شهر آشوب: قال الأحنف بن قيس: دخلت على معاوية، فقدم إلي من الحلو و الحامض ما كثر تعجبي منه، ثم قدم لونا ما أدري ما هو، فقلت: ما هذا؟ فقال: مصارين البط محشوة بالمخ، قد قلى بدهن الفستق، و ذر عليه الطبرزد، فبكيت

Ibn Shehr Ashub –

Al-Ahnaf Bin Qays said, ‘I came up to Muawiya, so he brought out for me numerous sweet and sour food dishes which astounded me. Then he presented colourful things, I don’t know what they were, so I said, ‘What is this?’ He said, ‘Duck stuffed with the brain, fried pistachio, with sugar sprinkled over it’. So I wept.

فقال: ما يبكيك؟ فقلت ذكرت عليا (عليه السلام)، بينا أنا عنده، فحضر وقت إفطار فسألني المقام، إذ دعا بجراب مختوم، فقلت: ما هذا الجراب؟ قال: «سويق الشعير»، فقلت: خفت عليه أن يؤخذ، أو بخلت به؟ قال: «لا و لا أحدهما، لكني خفت أن يلينه الحسن و الحسين بسمن أو زيت

He said, ‘What makes you to cry?’ I said, ‘I remembered Ali^-asws. Once, I was in his^-asws presence, so the time for breaking the Fast (Iftaar) approached, and he^-asws asked me to stay. When he^-asws called for a sealed bag, I said, ‘What is this bag?’ He^-asws said: ‘The barley stem’. So I said, ‘Shall I fear to partake from it, or shall I be niggardly with it?’ He^-asws said: ‘Neither of the two, but I^-asws fear I^-asws may have to soften it for Al-Hassan^-asws and Al-Husayn^-asws with margarine or oil’.

قلت: محرم هو؟ قال:  «لا، و لكن يجب على أئمة الحق أن يقتدوا بالقسم من ضعفة الناس كيلا يطغى بالفقير فقره»، فقال معاوية: ذكرت من لا ينكر فضله

I said, ‘Is it Prohibited (upon you^-asws)?’ He^-asws said: ‘No, but it is obligatory upon the truthful Imams^-asws to follow the section of the weak people who are the poorest of the poor’. So Muawiya said, ‘You mentioned the one^-asws whose merits cannot be denied’.[37]

الطبرسي: في الحديث أن عمر بن الخطاب قال: استأذنت على رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، فدخلت عليه في مشربة  أم إبراهيم، و إنه لمضطجع على خصفة، و أن بعضه على التراب، و تحت رأسه وسادة محشوة ليفا، فسلمت عليه ثم جلست، فقلت: يا رسول الله، أنت نبي الله و صفوته و خيرته من خلقه، و كسرى و قيصر على سرر الذهب و فرش الديباج و الحرير

Al-Tabarsy – In the Hadeeth –

‘Umar Bin Al-Khattab said, ‘I sought permission to see Rasool-Allah^-saww, and came up to him^-saww in the chamber the mother of Ibrahim^-as, and he^-saww was lying on date palm leaves, and part of him^-saww was upon the ground, and under his^-saww head was a pillow stuffed with fibre. So I greeted him^-saww, then sat down. I said, ‘O Rasool-Allah^-saww! You^-saww are the Prophet^-saww of Allah^-azwj, and of His^-azwj qualities, and the best one of His^-azwj creation, whereas Chosroe (King of Persia) and Caesar (King of Rome) are upon beds of gold and mattresses of brocade and silk!’

فقال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): «أولئك قوم عجلت طيباتهم، و هي وشيكة الانقطاع، و إنما أخرت لنا طيباتنا

So Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘They are a people for whom the good things have been brought forward, and its termination is imminent. But rather, our^-saww good things have been Delayed for us (and would be permanent)’.[38]

و روى محمد بن قيس، عن أبي جعفر الباقر (عليه السلام)، أنه قال: «و الله إن كان علي (عليه السلام) ليأكل أكلة العبد، و يجلس جلسة العبد، و إنه كان ليشتري القميصين فيخير غلامه خيرهما، ثم يلبس الآخر، فإذا جاز أصابعه قطعه، و إذا جاز كعبه حذفه

And Muhammad Bin Qays reported,

‘From Abu Ja’far Al-Baqir^-asws having said: ‘By Allah^-azwj! Ali^-asws used to eat the meals of the slaves, and would sit the sitting of the slaves. And if he^-asws had bought the two shirts, so he^-asws would choose the better of the two for his^-asws slave, then he^-asws would wear the other. So when it (cloth) exceeded his^-asws fingers, he^-asws would cut it (short), and when it exceeded his^-asws heels, he^-asws would remove it.

و لقد و لي خمس سنين ما وضع آجرة على آجرة، و لا لبنة على لبنة و لا أورث بيضاء و لا حمراء، و إن كان ليطعم الناس خبز البر و اللحم و ينصرف إلى منزله يأكل خبز الشعير و الزيت و الخل

And he^-asws had ruled for five years, not have placed a wage upon a wage (increase in his^-asws own wage), nor having built buildings upon buildings, nor inherited a white nor a red (nothing). And he^-asws used to feed the people wheat bread and the meat, and (then) he^-asws would leave to go to his^-asws house to eat the barley bread, and the oil, and the vinegar.

و ما ورد عليه أمران كلاهما لله عز و جل رضا إلا أخذ بأشدهما على بدنه، و لقد أعتق ألف مملوك من كد يمينه، تربت منه يداه و عرق فيه وجهه، و ما أطاق عمله أحد من الناس

And no to matters faced him^-asws, both of them being for the Sake of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic, except he^-asws would take to the more difficult of the two upon his^-asws body. And he^-asws had liberated a thousand slaves from his^-asws right hand, raising his^-asws hand from it and perspiring in his^-asws face. And he^-asws did not load his^-asws work on anyone from the people.

و إن كان ليصلي في اليوم و الليلة ألف ركعة، و إن كان أقرب الناس شبها به علي بن الحسين (عليهما السلام)، و ما أطاق عمله أحد من الناس بعده

And he^-asws used to pray a thousand Cycles of Salat during the day and the night, and was the closest of the people in resemblance to his^-asws was Ali^-asws Bin Al-Husayn^-asws, and he^-asws did not load his^-asws work upon anyone from the people after him^-asws’.

ثم إنه اشتهر في الرواية أنه (عليه السلام)، لما دخل على العلاء بن زياد بالبصرة يعوده. قال له العلاء يا أمير المؤمنين، أشكو إليك أخي عاصم بن زيد لبس العباءة، و تخلى من الدنيا

(The narrator said), ‘Then it is well known in the reports that he^-asws, when he^-asws went to Al-Ala’a Bin Ziyad at Al Basra to condole him, Al-Ala’a said to him^-asws, ‘O Amir Al Momineen^-asws! I want to complain to you^-asws of my brother Aasim Bin Zayd. He tends to wear the cloak and isolates from the world’.

فقال (عليه السلام): «علي به». فلما جاء، قال: «يا عدي نفسه، لقد استهام بك الخبيث، أما رحمت أهلك و ولدك، أ ترى، الله أحل لك الطيبات و هو يكره أن تأخذها! أنت أهون على الله من ذلك

So he^-asws said: ‘(Come) to me^-asws with him’. So when he came, he^-asws said: ‘O one hostile to his own self! The wicked one (Iblees^-la) has captivated you. Have you not mercy to your wife and your children? Do you view that Allah^-azwj would Permit the good things for you and He^-azwj would Dislike it if you were to take these? You are easier upon Allah^-azwj than that’.

قال: يا أمير المؤمنين، هذا أنت في خشونة ملبسك و جشوبة مأكلك

He said, ‘O Amir Al-Momineen^-asws! This is you^-asws (here) in your^-asws coarse clothes and your^-asws dry meals’.

قال: «ويحك إني لست كأنت، إن الله تعالى فرض على أئمة الحق أن يقدروا أنفسهم بضعفة الناس كيلا يتبيغ بالفقير فقره

He^-asws said: ‘Woe be unto you! I^-asws am not like you. Surely, Allah^-azwj the Exalted Obligated upon the Imams^-asws of the Truth that they^-asws would able themselves^-asws to be like the weakest of the people, so that the poor one can adapt to his poverty’’.[39]

وَيَوْمَ يُعْرَضُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا عَلَى النَّارِ أَذْهَبْتُمْ طَيِّبَاتِكُمْ فِي حَيَاتِكُمُ الدُّنْيَا وَاسْتَمْتَعْتُمْ بِهَا فَالْيَوْمَ تُجْزَوْنَ عَذَابَ الْهُونِ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَسْتَكْبِرُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَبِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَفْسُقُونَ {20}

And on the Day those who committed Kufr would be Presented to the Fire: “You squandered your good things in your lives of the world and you enjoyed with these, so today you shall be Recompense with the abasing Punishment due to your being arrogant in the land without right, and due to you your mischief!” [46:20]

Ali^-asws says Fadak was in our hands until it was usurped:

بَلَى كَانَتْ فِي أَيْدِينَا فَدَكٌ مِنْ كُلِّ مَا أَظَلَّتْهُ السَّمَاءُ فَشَحَّتْ عَلَيْهَا نُفُوسُ قَوْمٍ وَ سَخَتْ عَنْهَا نُفُوسُ قَوْمٍ آخَرِينَ وَ نِعْمَ الْحَكَمُ اللَّهُ وَ مَا أَصْنَعُ بِفَدَكٍ وَ غَيْرِ فَدَكٍ وَ النَّفْسُ مَظَانُّهَا فِي غَدٍ جَدَثٌ تَنْقَطِعُ فِي ظُلْمَتِهِ آثَارُهَا وَ تَغِيبُ أَخْبَارُهَا وَ حُفْرَةٌ لَوْ زِيدَ فِي فُسْحَتِهَا وَ أَوْسَعَتْ يَدَا حَافِرِهَا لَضَغَطَهَا [لَأَضْغَطَهَا] الْحَجَرُ وَ الْمَدَرُ وَ سَدَّ فُرَجَهَا التُّرَابُ الْمُتَرَاكِمُ

(Ali^-asws said in a sermon) But, there used to be Fadak in our hands, from all what the sky shaded, but souls of a group of people were greedy upon it, and souls of another group were filthy about it, and the best judge is Allah^-azwj. And what shall I^-asws do with Fadak and other than Fadak, and the self would be in its manifestations tomorrow (in the grave). Its traces would be terminated in his darkness, and its news would disappear, and it is such a pit, if it is increased in its capacity and expanded by the hand of its differ, the stones and the much would collapse and the accumulated soil would fill its gaps. [An Extract, Nahjul Balagha]^[40]

VERSE 21

وَاذْكُرْ أَخَا عَادٍ إِذْ أَنْذَرَ قَوْمَهُ بِالْأَحْقَافِ وَقَدْ خَلَتِ النُّذُرُ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا اللَّهَ إِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ {21}

And remember the brother of Aad when he warned his people at the sandy plains, and the warners had already passed from before him and from after him: ‘Indeed! You shall not be worshipping anyone except Allah! I fear upon you the Punishment of a mighty Day’ [46:21]

عَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ مَعْرُوفِ بْنِ خَرَّبُوذَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عليه السلام) قَالَ إِنَّ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ رِيَاحَ رَحْمَةٍ وَ رِيَاحَ عَذَابٍ فَإِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ الْعَذَابَ مِنَ الرِّيَاحِ رَحْمَةً فَعَلَ قَالَ وَ لَنْ يَجْعَلَ الرَّحْمَةَ مِنَ الرِّيحِ عَذَاباً

From him, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Abdullah Bin Sinan, from Ma’rouf Bin Kharbouz, who said:

Abu Ja’far^-asws said that ‘Allah^-azwj has winds of Mercy as well as winds of Punishment. So if Allah^-azwj Desires that He^-azwj Turns the winds of Punishment into the winds of Mercy, He^-azwj Does it, but He^-azwj never Makes (winds of ) Mercy to be turned into the wind of Punishment’.

قَالَ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَرْحَمْ قَوْماً قَطُّ أَطَاعُوهُ وَ كَانَتْ طَاعَتُهُمْ إِيَّاهُ وَبَالًا عَلَيْهِمْ إِلَّا مِنْ بَعْدِ تَحَوُّلِهِمْ عَنْ طَاعَتِهِ

He^-asws said: ‘And it is never the case that He^-azwj is Merciful to all people who obey Him^-azwj and that their obedience should become an affliction for them, except after theirs having turned from their obedience.

قَالَ كَذَلِكَ فَعَلَ بِقَوْمِ يُونُسَ لَمَّا آمَنُوا رَحِمَهُمُ اللَّهُ بَعْدَ مَا كَانَ قَدَّرَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْعَذَابَ وَ قَضَاهُ ثُمَّ تَدَارَكَهُمْ بِرَحْمَتِهِ فَجَعَلَ الْعَذَابَ الْمُقَدَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَحْمَةً فَصَرَفَهُ عَنْهُمْ وَ قَدْ أَنْزَلَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ غَشِيَهُمْ وَ ذَلِكَ لَمَّا آمَنُوا بِهِ وَ تَضَرَّعُوا إِلَيْهِ

He^-asws said: ‘That is how He^-azwj Acted with the people of Yunus^-as. When they believed, Allah^-azwj Bestowed mercy upon them after having had Ordained for them the Punishment. He^-azwj had Decided, then Enclosed them with His^-azwj Mercy. So He^-azwj Made the Punishment that was pre-destined for them as a Mercy.  He^-azwj Turned it away from them and it had already descended upon them and overwhelmed them, but they pleaded before Him^-azwj’.

قَالَ وَ أَمَّا الرِّيحُ الْعَقِيمُ فَإِنَّهَا رِيحُ عَذَابٍ لَا تُلْقِحُ شَيْئاً مِنَ الْأَرْحَامِ وَ لَا شَيْئاً مِنَ النَّبَاتِ وَ هِيَ رِيحٌ تَخْرُجُ مِنْ تَحْتِ الْأَرَضِينَ السَّبْعِ وَ مَا خَرَجَتْ مِنْهَا رِيحٌ قَطُّ إِلَّا عَلَى قَوْمِ عَادٍ حِينَ غَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَأَمَرَ الْخُزَّانَ أَنْ يُخْرِجُوا مِنْهَا عَلَى مِقْدَارِ سَعَةِ الْخَاتَمِ

He^-asws said: ‘And as for the wind of the destruction (Al-Aqeem), so it is a wind of Punishment. Neither, does it inseminate anything from the wombs or anything from the seeds, and it is a wind which comes out from the underneath the seven earths, and not a (single) wind came out from it at all except upon the people of Aad when Allah^-azwj was Wrathful against them. So He^-azwj Commanded the Keepers to take from it a measure of the size of a ring’.

قَالَ فَعَتَتْ عَلَى الْخُزَّانِ فَخَرَجَ مِنْهَا عَلَى مِقْدَارِ مَنْخِرِ الثَّوْرِ تَغَيُّظاً مِنْهَا عَلَى قَوْمِ عَادٍ قَالَ فَضَجَّ الْخُزَّانُ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالُوا رَبَّنَا إِنَّهَا قَدْ عَتَتْ عَنْ أَمْرِنَا إِنَّا نَخَافُ أَنْ تُهْلِكَ مَنْ لَمْ يَعْصِكَ مِنْ خَلْقِكَ وَ عُمَّارِ بِلَادِكَ

He^-asws said: ‘It rebelled against the Keepers, so there came out from it a measure of the nostril of a bull being wrathful against the people of Aad’. He^-asws said: ‘So the Keepers grumbled to Allah^-azwj from that. They said, ‘Our Lord^-azwj! It has rebelled against our orders. We are afraid that it would destroy the ones who have not been disobedient to You^-azwj from Your^-azwj creatures who built Your^-azwj City’.

قَالَ فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهَا جَبْرَئِيلَ (عليه السلام) فَاسْتَقْبَلَهَا بِجَنَاحَيْهِ فَرَدَّهَا إِلَى مَوْضِعِهَا وَ قَالَ لَهَا اخْرُجِي عَلَى مَا أُمِرْتِ بِهِ قَالَ فَخَرَجَتْ عَلَى مَا أُمِرَتْ بِهِ وَ أَهْلَكَتْ قَوْمَ عَادٍ وَ مَنْ كَانَ بِحَضْرَتِهِمْ

He^-asws said: ‘So Allah^-azwj Sent Jibraeel^-as towards it who faced it with both his wings and returned it back to its place and said to it: ‘Come out of the ones whom you have not been Commanded for’. He^-asws said: ‘So it came out from the ones against whom it had not been Commanded for, and destroyed the people of Aad and those who were present with them (their supporters)’.[41]

Appendix III: A Hadeeth on the nation of Aad

وَ رَوَى‏ أَبُو الْفَتْحِ‏ الْكَرَاجُكِيُ‏ فِي‏ كَنْزِ الْفَوَائِدِ عَنِ الْأَصْبَغِ بْنِ نُبَاتَةَ فِي حَدِيثِ رَجُلٍ مِنْ حَضْرَمَوْتَ أَتَى أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي أَيَّامِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَأَسْلَمَ عَلَى يَدِهِ قَالَ فَسَأَلَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يَوْماً وَ نَحْنُ مُجْتَمِعُونَ فَقَالَ أَ عَالِمٌ أَنْتَ بِحَضْرَمَوْتَ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ إِنْ جَهِلْتُهَا لَمْ أَعْلَمْ شَيْئاً قَالَ أَ فَتَعْرِفُ مَوْضِعَ الْأَحْقَافِ قَالَ كَأَنَّكَ تَسْأَلُ عَنْ قَبْرِ هُودٍ النَّبِيِّ ع قَالَ لِلَّهِ دَرُّكَ مَا أَخْطَأْتَ

‘In a Hadeeth of a man from Hazramout who came to Amir Al-Momineen^-asws during the days of Abu Bakr, and became a Muslim upon his^-asws hands. One day he asked Amir Al-Momineen^-asws, and we were gathered, he^-asws said, ‘Do you^-asws know of Hazramout?’ The man said, ‘If I am ignorant of it, I don’t know anything’. He^-asws said: ‘Do you recognise the place of the sandy plains (Al-Ahqaaf)?’ He said, ‘It is as if you^-asws are asking about the grave of Hud^-as, the Prophet^-as?’ He^-asws said: ‘May Allah^-azwj Make you realise your mistake’.

قَالَ نَعَمْ خَرَجْتُ فِي عُنْفُوَانِ شَبَابِي فِي عِلَّةٍ مِنَ الْحَيِ‏ وَ نَحْنُ نُرِيدُ أَنْ نَأْتِيَ قَبْرَهُ لِبُعْدِ صَوْتِهِ فِينَا وَ كَثْرَةِ مَنْ يَذْكُرُهُ فَسِرْنَا فِي بِلَادِ الْأَحْقَافِ أَيَّاماً وَ فِينَا رَجُلٌ قَدْ عَرَفَ الْمَوْضِعَ حَتَّى انْتَهَى بِنَا ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى كَهْفٍ فَدَخَلْنَا فَأَمْعَنَّا فِيهِ طَوِيلًا فَانْتَهَيْنَا إِلَى حَجَرَيْنِ قَدْ أُطْبِقَ أَحَدُهُمَا فَوْقَ الْآخَرِ وَ بَيْنَهُمَا خَلَلٌ ‏يَدْخُلُ مِنْهُ الرَّجُلُ النَّحِيفُ

He said, ‘Yes, I went out in the prime of my youth regarding a reason from Al-Hayy, and we want to go to his^-as grave due to the remoteness of his^-as being among us and lot of the ones who remember him^-as.

We travelled in the city of Al-Ahqaaf (sandy plains) for days, and among us was a man who knew the place, until that man ended up with us to a cave. We entered and he was with us for a long time and he ended up with us to two rocks, one of them had been layered above the other, and between the two was a way a slim man could enter from it.

فَتَحَارَفْتُ- فَدَخَلْتُ فَرَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا عَلَى سَرِيرٍ شَدِيدَ الْأُدْمَةِ طَوِيلَ الْوَجْهِ كَثَّ اللِّحْيَةِ قَدْ يَبِسَ‏ فَإِذَا مَسِسْتُ شَيْئاً مِنْ جَسَدِهِ أَصَبْتُهُ صُلْباً لَمْ يَتَغَيَّرْ وَ رَأَيْتُ عِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ كِتَاباً بِالْعِبْرَانِيَةِ فِيهِ مَكْتُوبٌ أَنَا هُودٌ النَّبِيُّ آمَنْتُ بِاللَّهِ وَ أَشْفَقْتُ عَلَى عَادٍ بِكُفْرِهَا وَ مَا كَانَ لِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ مِنْ مَرَدٍّ

So, I squeezed and entered, and saw a man upon a bed being of severe (thick) skin, tall face, bushy beard which had dried up. When I touched something from his body, I found it as solid, not having changed, and I saw a book by his head in Hebrew wherein was written: “I^-as am Hud^-as the Prophet^-as. I^-as believe in Allah^-azwj, and I^-as flashed upon Aad due to its disbelief, and there will not be a repellent to a Command of Allah^-azwj’’.

فَقَالَ لَنَا أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع وَ كَذَلِكَ سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ ص‏

Amir Al-Momineen^-asws said to us: ‘And like that I^-asws have heard from Abu Al-Qasim^-saww’’.^[42]

VERSES 22 – 25

قَالُوا أَجِئْتَنَا لِتَأْفِكَنَا عَنْ آلِهَتِنَا فَأْتِنَا بِمَا تَعِدُنَا إِنْ كُنْتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ {22}

They said, ‘Have you come to turn us away from our gods? Then come to us with what you are threatening us with if you were from the truthful’ [46:22]  

قَالَ إِنَّمَا الْعِلْمُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَأُبَلِّغُكُمْ مَا أُرْسِلْتُ بِهِ وَلَٰكِنِّي أَرَاكُمْ قَوْمًا تَجْهَلُونَ {23}

He said: ‘But rather, the Knowledge is with Allah, and I deliver to you what I have been Sent with, but I see you as an ignorant people [46:23]

فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ عَارِضًا مُسْتَقْبِلَ أَوْدِيَتِهِمْ قَالُوا هَٰذَا عَارِضٌ مُمْطِرُنَا ۚ بَلْ هُوَ مَا اسْتَعْجَلْتُمْ بِهِ ۖ رِيحٌ فِيهَا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ {24}

So when they saw clouds advancing towards their valleys, they said, ‘This cloud will give us rain’. But, it is what you were hastening with, a wind wherein is a painful Punishment [46:24]  

تُدَمِّرُ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ بِأَمْرِ رَبِّهَا فَأَصْبَحُوا لَا يُرَىٰ إِلَّا مَسَاكِنُهُمْ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْقَوْمَ الْمُجْرِمِينَ {25}

Devastating all things by the Command of its Lord, so they became such, nothing could be seen except for their dwellings. Like that We Recompense the criminal people [46:25]  

[ الفضل الطبرسي ] روى أبو حمزة الثمالي، عن سالم، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام) قال: إن لله تبارك وتعالى بيت ريح مقفل عليه لو فتح لأذرت ما بين السماء والأرض ما أرسل على قوم عاد إلا قدر الخاتم

Al Fazal Al Tabarsy – Abu Hamza Al Sumaly reported, from Alim,

Abu Ja’far^-asws has said: ‘Allah^-azwj Blessed and Exalted Sent a wind with locks upon it. Had they been opened, it would have scattered whatever was in between the sky and the earth. He^-azwj did not Send upon the people of Aad except for the measurement of the ring’.[43]

علي بن إبراهيم، قال: قال: إن عادا كانت بلادهم في البادية، من المشرق إلى الأفجر، أربعة منازل، و كان لهم زرع و نخيل كثير، و لهم أعمار طويلة و أجسام طويلة، فعبدوا الأصنام فبعث الله إليهم هودا يدعوهم إلى الإسلام و خلع الأنداد، فأبوا و لم يؤمنوا بهود و آذوه

Ali Bin Ibrahim said,

‘The (people) of Aad, their city was in the desert from Al-Mashraq to Al-Afjar, four stations, and for them were plantation and a lot of palm trees, and for them were long life-spans and tall bodies. But they worshipped the idols, so Allah^-azwj Sent Hud^-as to them calling them to Al-Islam and leave the idols. But they refused and did not believe Hud^-as and harmed him^-as.

فكفت عنهم السماء سبع سنين حتى قحطوا، و كان هود زراعا، و كان يسقي الزرع، فجاء قوم إلى بابه يريدونه فخرجت عليهم امرأة شمطاء  عوراء، فقالت لهم: من أنتم؟ فقالوا: نحن من بلاد كذا و كذا، أجدبت بلادنا فجئنا إلى هود نسأله أن يدعو الله لنا حتى نمطر و تخصب بلادنا

So the sky (rain) was Withheld from them for seven years until the was famine, and Hud^-as was a farmer and he used to irrigate the farm. So a group came to his^-as door intending  him^-as. So a one-eyed woman of greying hair came out to them, and she said to them, ‘Who are you?’ They said, ‘We are from such and such city. Our city dried up, so we came to Hud^-as to ask him^-as to supplicate to Allah^-azwj for us until we are rained upon, and our city becomes green’.

فقالت: لو استجيب لهود لدعا لنفسه، فقد احترق زرعه لقلة الماء. فقالوا: و أين هو؟ قالت: هو في موضع كذا و كذا

She said, ‘If it could be Answered for Hud^-as, he^-as would supplicate for himself^-as, for his^-as farm has been burnt down (by wildfire) due to scarcity of the water’. They said, ‘And where is he^-as?’ She said, ‘He^-as is in such and such place’.

فجاءوا إليه، فقالوا يا نبي الله، قد أجدبت بلادنا و لم نمطر، فاسئل الله أن تخصب بلادنا و تمطر. فتهيأ للصلاة و صلى و دعا لهم، فقال لهم: «ارجعوا فقد أمطرتم و أخصبت بلادكم

They came to him^-as and they said, ‘O Prophet^-as of Allah^-azwj! Our city has dried up and we are not rained upon, therefore ask your^-as Lord^-azwj that He^-azwj Turns our city green and it rains’. So he^-as prepared for the Salat and prayed and supplicated for them, and he^-as said to them: ‘Return, for it has rained and your city would turn green’.

فقالوا: يا نبي الله، إنا رأينا عجبا. قال: «و ما رأيتم؟» قالوا: رأينا في منزلك امرأة شمطاء عوراء، قالت لنا: من أنتم، و ما تريدون؟ قلنا: جئنا إلى نبي الله هود ليدعو الله لنا فنمطر. فقالت: لو كان هود داعيا لدعا لنفسه، فإن زرعه قد احترق

They said, ‘O Prophet^-as of Allah^-azwj! We saw something strange!’ He^-as said: ‘And what did you see?’ They said, ‘We saw in your^-as house a one-eyed grey-haired woman. She said to us, ‘Who are you, and what do you want?’ We said, ‘We came to the Prophet^-as of Allah^-azwj, Hud^-as for him^-as to supplicate for us, so it would rain’. But she said, ‘If a supplication could be Answered for Hud^-as, he^-as would supplicate for himself^-as, for his^-as farm has burnt down’.

فقال هود: «تلك أهلي، و أنا أدعو الله لها بطول العمر و البقاء» قالوا. و كيف ذاك! قال: «لأنه ما خلق الله مؤمنا إلا و له عدو يؤذيه، و هي عدوي، فلئن يكون عدوي ممن أملكه خير من أن يكون عدوي ممن يملكني

Hud^-as said: ‘That was my^-as wife, and I^-asws supplicated for her for a long life-span and the remaining’. They said, ‘And how was that?’ He^-as said: ‘Because Allah^-azwj did not Create a Momin except and for him is an enemy hurting him, and she is my^-as enemy. However, my^-as enemy who happens to be from the ones I^-as control is better than my^-as enemy who happens to be from the ones who controls me^-as’.

فبقي هود في قومه يدعوهم إلى الله، و ينهاهم عن عبادة الأصنام حتى خصبت بلادهم، و أنزل الله عليهم المطر

Hud^-as remained among his^-as people calling them to Allah^-azwj and forbidding them from the worship of the idols until their city turned green, and Allah^-azwj Sent down the rain upon them’.[44]

VERSES 26 – 28

وَلَقَدْ مَكَّنَّاهُمْ فِيمَا إِنْ مَكَّنَّاكُمْ فِيهِ وَجَعَلْنَا لَهُمْ سَمْعًا وَأَبْصَارًا وَأَفْئِدَةً فَمَا أَغْنَىٰ عَنْهُمْ سَمْعُهُمْ وَلَا أَبْصَارُهُمْ وَلَا أَفْئِدَتُهُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِذْ كَانُوا يَجْحَدُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَحَاقَ بِهِمْ مَا كَانُوا بِهِ يَسْتَهْزِئُونَ {26}

And We have Enabled them in what We Enabled you in, and We Made ears, and eyes, and hearts to be for them. But, neither their ears, nor their eyes, nor their hearts availed them of anything, when they were fighting against the Signs of Allah, and it would surround them what they had been mocking with [46:26]

وَلَقَدْ أَهْلَكْنَا مَا حَوْلَكُمْ مِنَ الْقُرَىٰ وَصَرَّفْنَا الْآيَاتِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ {27}

And We had Destroyed what towns there were around you and We Directed the Signs, perhaps they would be returning [46:27]  

فَلَوْلَا نَصَرَهُمُ الَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ قُرْبَانًا آلِهَةً ۖ بَلْ ضَلُّوا عَنْهُمْ ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ إِفْكُهُمْ وَمَا كَانُوا يَفْتَرُونَ {28}

So why didn’t they help them, those they had taken from besides Allah, to draw closer to Allah? But they are lost from them, and that is their lie and what they had been fabricating [46:28]  

قال: و سمعته يقول: «كذبوا بآياتنا كلها، في بطن القرآن، أن كذبوا بالأوصياء كلهم

He (the narrator) said, ‘And I heard him (Abu Ja’far^-asws) saying: ‘They belying our^-asws signs, all of them, in the esoteric of the Quran, and they were belying the succesors^-asws, all of them^-asws’’.[45]

و قال علي بن إبراهيم: الآيات: أمير المؤمنين و الائمة (عليهم السلام)، و الدليل على ذلك‏ قول أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام): «ما لله آية أكبر مني

And Ali Bin Ibrahim said,

‘The Signs are Amir-Al-Momineen^-asws and the Imams^-asws, and the evidence upon that are the words of Amir-Al-Momineen^-asws: ‘There is no ‘Sign’ of Allah^-azwj greater than I^-asws!’[46]

محمد بن يعقوب: عن محمد بن يحيى، عن أحمد بن محمد، عن محمد بن أبي عمير أو غيره، عن محمد بن الفضيل، عن أبي حمزة، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: كان أمير المؤمنين (صلوات الله عليه) يقول: ما لله عز و جل آية هي أكبر مني، و لا لله من نبأ أعظم مني

Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Abu Umeyr or someone else, from Muhammad Bin Al Fazeyl, from Abu Hamza,

From Abu Ja’far^-asws having said, Amir-Al-Momineen^-asws was saying: ‘There is no ‘Sign’ of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic which is greater than I^-asws, nor a News from Allah^-azwj greater than I^-asws!’[47]

VERSES 29 – 32

وَإِذْ صَرَفْنَا إِلَيْكَ نَفَرًا مِنَ الْجِنِّ يَسْتَمِعُونَ الْقُرْآنَ فَلَمَّا حَضَرُوهُ قَالُوا أَنْصِتُوا ۖ فَلَمَّا قُضِيَ وَلَّوْا إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِمْ مُنْذِرِينَ {29}

And when We Turned a number of the Jinn towards you listening to the Quran, so when they attended, they said, ‘Listen!’ So when it (recitation) ended, they turned back towards their people, warning them [46:29]  

قَالُوا يَا قَوْمَنَا إِنَّا سَمِعْنَا كِتَابًا أُنْزِلَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مُوسَىٰ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ يَهْدِي إِلَى الْحَقِّ وَإِلَىٰ طَرِيقٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ {30}

They said, ‘O our people! We heard a Book Revealed from after Musa, ratifying what was before it, Guiding to the Truth and to a Straight Path [46:30]  

و عنه، قال: حدثنا أبي (رحمه الله) قال: حدثنا محمد بن أحمد بن علي بن الصلت، عن عبدالله بن الصلت، عن يونس بن عبد الرحمن، عمن ذكره، عن عبيد الله الحلبي، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: «الصراط المستقيم أمير المؤمنين علي (عليه السلام)

And from him, his father, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Ali Bin Al-Salt, from Abdullah Bin Al-Salt, from Yunus Bin Abdul Rahman, from the one who mentioned it, from Ubeydullah Al-Halby,

(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah^-asws having said: ‘The Straight Path is Amir-Al-Momineen Ali^-asws’.^[48]

قال: و حدثني أبي، عن حماد، عن أبي عبدالله (عليه السلام) في قوله: الصِّراطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ. قال: «هو أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) و معرفته، و الدليل على أنه أمير المؤمنين قوله: وَ إِنَّهُ فِي أُمِّ الْكِتابِ لَدَيْنا لَعَلِيٌّ حَكِيمٌ و هو أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) في أم الكتاب

He said, ‘My father narrated to me, from Hamaad, who has said:

‘Abu Abdullah^-asws regarding His^-azwj Words: The Straight Path [1:6], he^-asws said: ‘It is Amir-Al-Momineen^-asws and recognising him^-asws, and the evidence to it that he^-asws is Amir-Al-Momineen^-asws are His^-azwj Words: And surely it is in the Mother of the Book with Us, for Ali, a wise (man) [43:4], and it is Amir-Al-Momineen^-asws in the Mother of the Book’.^[49]

و عن (تفسير الثعلبي) رواية ابن شاهين، عن رجاله، عن مسلم بن حيان، عن أبي بريدة في قوله تعالى: اهْدِنَا الصِّراطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ. قال: صراط محمد و آله (عليهم السلام)

And from Tafseer Al-Sa’alby, a report of Ibn Shaheen, from his men, from Muhammad Bin Hayaan, from Abu Breyda,

(It has been narrated) regarding the Words of the High: Guide us to the Straight Path [1:6], he^-asws said: ‘The Path of Muhammad^-saww and his^-asws Progeny^-asws’.^[50]

يَا قَوْمَنَا أَجِيبُوا دَاعِيَ اللَّهِ وَآمِنُوا بِهِ يَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ مِنْ ذُنُوبِكُمْ وَيُجِرْكُمْ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ {31}

O our people! Answer to the Caller of Allah and believe in Him. He will Forgive your sins for you and Protect you from the painful Punishment [46:31]

وَمَنْ لَا يُجِبْ دَاعِيَ اللَّهِ فَلَيْسَ بِمُعْجِزٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ مِنْ دُونِهِ أَوْلِيَاءُ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُبِينٍ {32}

And one who does not answer the Caller of Allah, so he wouldn’t be escaping in the earth, and there wouldn’t be a guardian for him besides Him. They are in clear straying’ [46:32]

Background report

قال: قوله تعالى: وَ إِذْ صَرَفْنا إِلَيْكَ نَفَراً مِنَ الْجِنِّ يَسْتَمِعُونَ الْقُرْآنَ، إلى قوله تعالى: فَلَمَّا قُضِيَ، أي فرغ وَلَّوْا إِلى قَوْمِهِمْ مُنْذِرِينَ قالُوا يا قَوْمَنا إِنَّا سَمِعْنا إلى قوله تعالى: أُولئِكَ فِي ضَلالٍ مُبِينٍ، فهذا كله حكاية عن الجن، و كان سبب نزولها أن رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) خرج من مكة إلى سوق عكاظ، و معه زيد بن حارثة، يدعو الناس إلى الإسلام، فلم يجبه أحد، و لم يجد من يقبله، ثم رجع إلى مكة، فلما بلغ موضعا [يقال‏] له: وادي مجنة تهجد بالقرآن في جوف الليل

(Ali Bin Ibrahim) said, ‘Regarding the Words of the Exalted: And when We Turned a number of the Jinn towards you listening to the Quran [46:29] – up to His^-azwj Words: They are in clear straying’ [46:32] – So all this is the story from the Jinn. And the reason for its Revelation is that Rasool-Allah^-saww went out from Makkah to the market of Akaaz, and with him^-saww was Zayd Bin Haris, calling the people to Al-Islam, but not one person responded to him^-saww, nor did they find anyone who accepted it. Then he^-saww returned to Makkah. So when he^-saww reached a place called the Valley of Majnat, he^-saww prayed the night Salat in the middle of the night with the (recitation of) the Quran.

فمر به نفر من الجن، فلما سمعوا قراءة رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، استمعوا له، فلما سمعوا قراءته، قال بعضهم لبعض: أَنْصِتُوا، يعني اسكتوا: فَلَمَّا قُضِيَ، أي فرغ: وَلَّوْا إِلى قَوْمِهِمْ مُنْذِرِينَ قالُوا يا قَوْمَنا إِنَّا سَمِعْنا كِتاباً أُنْزِلَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مُوسى مُصَدِّقاً لِما بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ يَهْدِي إِلَى الْحَقِّ وَ إِلى طَرِيقٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ يا قَوْمَنا أَجِيبُوا داعِيَ اللَّهِ وَ آمِنُوا بِهِ، إلى قوله تعالى: أُولئِكَ فِي ضَلالٍ مُبِينٍ

A number of jinn passed by. So when they heard the recitation of Rasool-Allah^-saww they listened intently to it. After listening to his^-saww recitation they said to each other, ‘Listen!’ – Meaning, ‘maintain silence’. So when it (recitation) ended, they turned back towards they people, warning them [46:29]  They said, ‘O our people! We heard a Book Revealed from after Musa, ratifying what was before it, Guiding to the Truth and to a Straight Path [46:30] O our people! Answer the Call of Allah and believe in Him [46:31] – up to His^-azwj Words: They are in clear straying’ [46:32].

فجاءوا إلى رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، و أسلموا و آمنوا، و علمهم شرائع الإسلام، فأنزل على نبيه قُلْ أُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ أَنَّهُ اسْتَمَعَ نَفَرٌ مِنَ الْجِنِّ ، السورة كلها، فحكى [الله‏] عز و جل قولهم و ولى عليهم رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) و كانوا يعودون إلى رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) فى كل وقت

So they came to Rasool-Allah^-saww, and greeted and expressed Eman, and he^-saww taught them the Laws of Al-Islam. Then it was revealed unto the Prophet^-saww: Say: ‘It is Revealed unto me that a number of the Jinn listened intently [72:1] – the Chapter (Whole of Surah Al Jinn (72). Thus Allah^-azwj Related their words, and Made Rasool-Allah^-saww the Guardian over them, and they used to regularly return to Rasool-Allah^-saww every time.

فأمر رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) أن يعلمهم و يفقههم، فمنهم مؤمنون و كافرون و ناصبون، و يهود و نصارى و مجوس، و هم ولد الجان

So Rasool-Allah^-saww instructed Amir-al-Momineen^-asws that he^-asws should teach them and make them understand, for among them are Momineen, and the Kafirs, and Hostile ones (Nasibis), and Jews, and Christians, and Magians, and they are the children of the Jaan[51]’.[52]

قال: و سئل العالم (عليه السلام) عن مؤمني الجن أ يدخلون الجنة؟ فقال: «لا، و لكن لله حظائر بين الجنة و النار، و يكون فيها مؤمنو الجن و فساق الشيعة

(Ali Bin Ibrahim) said,

‘And it was asked of the Knowledgeable one^-asws (العالم), about the Momineen Jinns, would they be entering the Paradise?’ So he^-asws said: ‘No, but Allah^-azwj has hangars in between the Paradise and the Fire, in which will be the Momineen Jinns and the mischievous (فساق) Shias’.[53]

فقال قيس: إن الله عز وجل بعث محمدا رحمة للعالمين، فبعثه إلى الناس كافة، إلى الجن والأنس والأحمر والأسود والأبيض، واختاره لنبوته واختصه برسالته

(Sulaym Bin) Qays said,

‘Surely, Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Sent Muhammad^-saww as a Mercy to the Worlds. So He^-azwj Sent him^-saww to the people for all the beings, to the Jinn, and the humans, and the red, and the black, and the white, and Chose him^-saww for Prophet-hood, and Honoured him^-saww by His^-azwj Message.

فكان أول من صدقه وآمن به ابن عمه علي بن أبي طالب وكان أبو طالب عمه يذب عنه ويمنع منه ويحول بين كفار قريش وبينه أن يروعوه أو يؤذوه ويأمره بتبليغ رسالات ربه

So the first one to ratify him^-saww, and believe in him^-saww was the son^-asws of his^-saww uncle^-asws Ali^-asws bin Abu Talib^-asws, and his^-saww uncle Abu Talib^-asws used to defend him^-saww and prevent (the enemies) from him^-saww and he^-asws was a shield between the Kafirs of Quraysh and him^-saww, so that they do not frightened him^-saww or hurt him^-saww, and ordered him^-saww to preach the Message of his^-saww Lord^-azwj .[54]

حدثنا احمد بن محمد عن على بن الحكم عن مالك بن عطيه عن ابى حمزة الثمالى قال كنت استأذن على ابى جعفر عليه السلام فقيل عنده قوم اثبت قليلا حتى يخرجوا فخرج قوم انكرتهم ولم اعرفهم ثم اذن لى فدخلت عليه فقلت جعلت فداك هذا زمان بنى امية وسيفهم يقطر دما فقال لى يا ابا حمزة هولاء وفد شيعتنا من الجن جاؤا يسئلوننا عن معالم دينهم

Narrated to us Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al-Hakam, from Maalik Bin Atiya, from Abu Hamza Al-Thumaly who said:

‘I asked for permission to see Abu Ja’far^-asws. I was told that there is a group with him which will stay for a little while, so wait until they leave. A group came out that I did not get involved with and did not recognise them. Then permission was given to me. I entered to see him^-asws. I said to him, ‘May I be sacrificed for you^-asws, these are the times of the Clan of Umayya^-la, and their swords are dripping with blood.’ He^-asws said to me: ‘O Abu Hamza, this is a delegation from our^-asws Shias from among the Jinn who came to us^-asws to learn their religion.[55]

عنه، عن أبيه البرقى، عن محمد بن أبى القاسم ماجيلويه، عن على بن سليمان بن رشيد، عن على بن الحسين القلانسى، عن محمد بن سنان، عن عمر بن يزيد، قال: ضللنا سنة من السنين ونحن في طريق مكة فأقمنا ثلاثة أيام نطلب الطريق فلم نجده، فلما أن كان في اليوم الثالث وقد نفد ما كان معنا من الماء عمدنا إلى ما كان معنا من ثياب الاحرام ومن الحنوط، فتحنطنا وتكفنا بازار إحرامنا، فقام رجل من أصحابنا فنادى: ” يا صالح، يا أبا الحسن ” فأجابه مجيب من بعد

From him, from his father Al Barqy, from Muhammad Bin Abu Al Qasim Majaylawiya, from Ali Bin Suleyman Bin Rasheed, from Ali Bin Al Husayn Al Qalanasy, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Umar Bin Yazeed who said,

‘We strayed, in a year from the years, and we were on the road to Makkah. So we stayed for three days upon the road and could not find it. So when it was the third day, and the ones who were with us ran out of water, and all we had left was the Ihraam and some balm. We embalmed ourselves and sufficed ourselves with our Ihraam. Then a man from our companions stood up and called out, ‘O Salih, O Abu Al-Hassan^-asws!’ So an answerer answered him from afar. We said to him, ‘Who are you, may Allah^-azwj have Mercy upon you?’

فقلنا له: ” من أنت يرحمك الله؟ – ” فقال: أنا من النفر الذى قال الله عزوجل في كتابه: ” وإذ صرفنا إليك نفرا من الجن يستمعون القرآن، (إلى آخر الآية) ” ولم يبق منهم غيرى، فأنا مرشد الضال إلى الطريق “

He said, ‘I am from a number, for whom Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Spoken of in His^-azwj Book: And when We Turned a number of the Jinn towards you listening to the Quran [46:29] – (up to the end of the Verse). There does not remain from them anyone apart from myself, so I guide the straying one to the road’.

قال: فلم نزل نتبع الصوت حتى خرجنا إلى الطريق

He (the narrator) said, ‘We did not cease to follow the voice until we came out to the road’.[56]

NB: See Chapter 72 for additional Ahadeeth.

VERSES 33 & 34

أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّ اللَّهَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَلَمْ يَعْيَ بِخَلْقِهِنَّ بِقَادِرٍ عَلَىٰ أَنْ يُحْيِيَ الْمَوْتَىٰ ۚ بَلَىٰ إِنَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ {33}

Or do you not see that Allah is the One Who Created the skies and the earth and did not get tired with their creation, is Able upon Reviving the dead? Yes, He is Able upon all things! [46:33]

وَيَوْمَ يُعْرَضُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا عَلَى النَّارِ أَلَيْسَ هَٰذَا بِالْحَقِّ ۖ قَالُوا بَلَىٰ وَرَبِّنَا ۚ قَالَ فَذُوقُوا الْعَذَابَ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَكْفُرُونَ {34}

And on the Day those who committed Kufr would be presented to the Fire: “Isn’t this one with the Truth?” They would say, ‘Yes, by our Lord!’ He will Say: “Then taste the Punishment due to your Kufr!” [46:34]

وَ بِالْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُوسَى حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ عَمِّهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْكُوفِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ ثَابِتِ بْنِ أَبِي صَفِيَّةَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ

And by the chain, said, ‘It was narrated to us by Abu Ja’far Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Al Husayn Bin Musa, from Muhammad Bin Ali, from his uncle Muhammad Bin Abu Al Qasim, from Muhammad Bin Ali Al Kufy, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Al Mufazzal Bin Umar, from Sabit Bin Abu Safiyya, from Saeed Bin Jubeyr, from Abdullah Bin Abbas who said,

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‏: مَعَاشِرَ النَّاسِ إِنَّ عَلِيّاً مَعَ الْحَقِّ وَ الْحَقُّ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ وَ عَلِيٌّ لِسَانُهُ

‘Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘Group of people! Ali^-asws is with the Truth and the Truth is with Ali^-asws, and Ali^-asws is its tongue. [57]

VERSE 35

فَاصْبِرْ كَمَا صَبَرَ أُولُو الْعَزْمِ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ وَلَا تَسْتَعْجِلْ لَهُمْ ۚ كَأَنَّهُمْ يَوْمَ يَرَوْنَ مَا يُوعَدُونَ لَمْ يَلْبَثُوا إِلَّا سَاعَةً مِنْ نَهَارٍ ۚ بَلَاغٌ ۚ فَهَلْ يُهْلَكُ إِلَّا الْقَوْمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ {35}

Therefore, be patient just as the Determined ones from the Rasools were patient, and do not hasten (the Punishment) for them. On the Day they see what they are being Promised, it would be as if they had not tarried except for an hour from the day. A notification. So would any be destroyed except for the transgressing people? [46:35]

عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بُنْدَارَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ عَنِ الدِّلْهَاثِ مَوْلَى الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَمِعْتُ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ لَا يَكُونُ الْمُؤْمِنُ مُؤْمِناً حَتَّى يَكُونَ فِيهِ ثَلَاثُ خِصَالٍ سُنَّةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِ وَ سُنَّةٌ مِنْ نَبِيِّهِ وَ سُنَّةٌ مِنْ وَلِيِّهِ

Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Bundar, from Ibrahim Bin Is’haq, from Sahl Bin Al Haris, from;

Al-Dilhat, a slave of Al-Reza^-asws who said, ‘I heard Al-Reza^‑asws saying: ‘A Momin cannot happen to be (a Momin) until there happen to be three characteristics in him – a Sunnah from his Lord^-azwj, and a Sunnah from His^-azwj Prophet^-saww, and a Sunnah from His^-azwj Guardian^-asws (Imam).

فَأَمَّا السُّنَّةُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ فَكِتْمَانُ سِرِّهِ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عالِمُ الْغَيْبِ فَلا يُظْهِرُ عَلى غَيْبِهِ أَحَداً إِلَّا مَنِ ارْتَضى مِنْ رَسُولٍ

So, as for the Sunnah from his Lord^-azwj, so it is the concealment of His^-azwj Secrets. Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Says [72:26] The Knower of the unseen! So He does not Reveal His secrets to any, [72:27] Except to him whom He chooses from the Messenger.

وَ أَمَّا السُّنَّةُ مِنْ نَبِيِّهِ فَمُدَارَاةُ النَّاسِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَمَرَ نَبِيَّهُ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) بِمُدَارَاةِ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ خُذِ الْعَفْوَ وَ أْمُرْ بِالْعُرْفِ وَ أَمَّا السُّنَّةُ مِنْ وَلِيِّهِ فَالصَّبْرُ فِي الْبَأْسَاءِ وَ الضَّرَّاءِ

And as for the Sunnah from His^-azwj Prophet^-saww, so it is the politeness with the people, for Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Commanded His^-azwj Prophet^-saww with being polite with the people, so He^-azwj Said [7:199] Take to Forgiveness and enjoin good and turn aside from the ignorant. And as for the Sunnah of His^-azwj Guardian^‑asws, so it is the patience during the destitution and the adversities’.^[58] 

Appendix:

عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام) قَوْلَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَاصْبِرْ كَما صَبَرَ أُولُوا الْعَزْمِ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ فَقَالَ نُوحٌ وَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ وَ مُوسَى وَ عِيسَى وَ مُحَمَّدٌ ( صلى الله عليه وآله )

A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Usman Bin Isa, from Sama’at Bin Mihran who said,

‘I said to Abu Abdullah^-asws, ‘The Words of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Therefore be patient just as the Determined ones from the Rasools were patient [46:35]’. He^-asws said: ‘Nuh^-as, and Ibrahim^-as, and Musa^-as, and Isa^-as and Muhammad^-saww’.

قُلْتُ كَيْفَ صَارُوا أُولِي الْعَزْمِ قَالَ لِأَنَّ نُوحاً بُعِثَ بِكِتَابٍ وَ شَرِيعَةٍ وَ كُلُّ مَنْ جَاءَ بَعْدَ نُوحٍ أَخَذَ بِكِتَابِ نُوحٍ وَ شَرِيعَتِهِ وَ مِنْهَاجِهِ حَتَّى جَاءَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ ( عليه السلام ) بِالصُّحُفِ وَ بِعَزِيمَةِ تَرْكِ كِتَابِ نُوحٍ لَا كُفْراً بِهِ

I said, ‘How did they^-as come to be the Determined Ones (Ul Al-Azam)?’ He^-asws said: ‘Because Nuh^-as was Sent with a Book and a Law, and everyone who came after Nuh^-as took by the Book of Nuh^-as, and his^-as Law and his^-as manifesto until Ibrahim^-as came with the Parchment, and with determination he^-as neglected the Book of Nuh^-as, not having disbelieved in it.

فَكُلُّ نَبِيٍّ جَاءَ بَعْدَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ( عليه السلام ) أَخَذَ بِشَرِيعَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ مِنْهَاجِهِ وَ بِالصُّحُفِ حَتَّى جَاءَ مُوسَى بِالتَّوْرَاةِ وَ شَرِيعَتِهِ وَ مِنْهَاجِهِ وَ بِعَزِيمَةِ تَرْكِ الصُّحُفِ

So every Prophet^-as who came after Ibrahim^-as took by the Law of Ibrahim^-as, and his^-as manifesto and by the Parchment, until Musa^-as came with the Torah and his^-as Law, and his^-as manifesto, and with determination he^-as neglected the Parchment.

وَ كُلُّ نَبِيٍّ جَاءَ بَعْدَ مُوسَى ( عليه السلام ) أَخَذَ بِالتَّوْرَاةِ وَ شَرِيعَتِهِ وَ مِنْهَاجِهِ حَتَّى جَاءَ الْمَسِيحُ ( عليه السلام ) بِالْإِنْجِيلِ وَ بِعَزِيمَةِ تَرْكِ شَرِيعَةِ مُوسَى وَ مِنْهَاجِهِ

And every Prophet^-as who came after Musa^-as took by the Torah, and his^-as Law, and his^-as manifesto until the Messiah^-as came with the Evangel, and with determination he^-as superseded the Law of Musa^-as, as well as his^-as manifesto.

فَكُلُّ نَبِيٍّ جَاءَ بَعْدَ الْمَسِيحِ أَخَذَ بِشَرِيعَتِهِ وَ مِنْهَاجِهِ حَتَّى جَاءَ مُحَمَّدٌ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَجَاءَ بِالْقُرْآنِ وَ بِشَرِيعَتِهِ وَ مِنْهَاجِهِ فَحَلَالُهُ حَلَالٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ حَرَامُهُ حَرَامٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ فَهَؤُلَاءِ أُولُو الْعَزْمِ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ ( عليهم السلام )

Then every Prophet^-as who came after the Messiah^-as adhered to his^-as Law and his^-as manifesto until Muhammad^-saww came. So he^-saww came with the Quran and with his^-saww Law and his^-saww manifesto. Thus, his^-saww Permissible would be a Permissible up to the day of Judgement, and his^-saww Prohibition would be a Prohibition up to the Day of Judgement. So, these are the Determined Ones from the Rasools^-as’.[59]

في روضة الواعظين للمفيد (ره) وقيل للنبى صلى الله عليه واله: كم مابين الدنيا والاخرة: قال: غمضة عين، قال الله عزوجل: كأنهم يوم يرون ما يوعدون لم يلبثوا الا ساعة من نهار بلاغ

In Rowzat Al-Waizeen of Al-Mufeed –

‘And it was said to the Prophet^-saww, ‘How much is there in between the world and the Hereafter?’ He^-saww said: ‘The blink of an eye. Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: On the Day they see what they are being Promised, it would be as if they had not tarried except for an hour from the day [46:35]’.[60]

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْكُلَيْنِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ حَفْصٍ الْمُؤَذِّنِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) وَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ بَزِيعٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ  . . . . وَ لَا قُوَّةَ لَنَا وَ لَكُمْ إِلَّا بِهِ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ أَيَّتُهَا الْعِصَابَةُ النَّاجِيَةُ إِنْ أَتَمَّ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ مَا أَعْطَاكُمْ بِهِ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَتِمُّ الْأَمْرُ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِثْلُ الَّذِي دَخَلَ عَلَى الصَّالِحِينَ قَبْلَكُمْ وَ حَتَّى تُبْتَلَوْا فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ وَ أَمْوَالِكُمْ وَ حَتَّى تَسْمَعُوا مِنْ أَعْدَاءِ اللَّهِ أَذًى كَثِيراً

Muhammad Ibn Yaqub Al-Kulayni has narrated that, ‘Narrated to me Ali Ibn Ibrahim from his father from Ibn FaddAl-from Hafs al-Mu’Adhdhin from Abu Abdullah^-asws as well as Muhammad Ibn ‘Ismail Ibn Bazi’ from Muhammad Ibn Sinan from ‘Ismail Ibn Jabir that –

(Abu Abdullah^-asws) wrote – ‘And there is no Might with us^-asws or with you except by Him^-azwj. So, fear Allah^-azwj, O group of saved people, that Allah^-azwj will Complete for you what He^-azwj has Granted you with, for the matter will not be complete until He^-azwj Makes you to enter into similar of what came upon the righteous ones before you, and until you face tribulation with regards to yourselves and your wealth, and until you hear from the enemies of Allah^-azwj, a lot of painful words.

فَتَصْبِرُوا وَ تَعْرُكُوا بِجُنُوبِكُمْ وَ حَتَّى يَسْتَذِلُّوكُمْ وَ يُبْغِضُوكُمْ وَ حَتَّى يُحَمِّلُوا عَلَيْكُمُ الضَّيْمَ فَتَحَمَّلُوا مِنْهُمْ تَلْتَمِسُونَ بِذَلِكَ وَجْهَ اللَّهِ وَ الدَّارَ الْآخِرَةَ وَ حَتَّى تَكْظِمُوا الْغَيْظَ الشَّدِيدَ فِي الْأَذَى فِي اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَجْتَرِمُونَهُ إِلَيْكُمْ وَ حَتَّى يُكَذِّبُوكُمْ بِالْحَقِّ وَ يُعَادُوكُمْ فِيهِ وَ يُبْغِضُوكُمْ عَلَيْهِ

So, observe patience and take it in your stride, and even if they humiliate you, and hate you, and even if they burden you with injustices. So bear these from them, seeking by that the Face of Allah^-azwj and the House of the Hereafter, and until you control your intense anger in the suffering for the sake of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic. They will incriminate you, and even belie you about the truth, and be inimical towards you with regards to it, and be hateful towards you.

فَتَصْبِرُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ مِنْهُمْ وَ مِصْدَاقُ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ ( عليه السلام ) عَلَى نَبِيِّكُمْ ( صلى الله عليه وآله) سَمِعْتُمْ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِنَبِيِّكُمْ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَاصْبِرْ كَما صَبَرَ أُولُوا الْعَزْمِ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ وَ لا تَسْتَعْجِلْ لَهُمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَ إِنْ يُكَذِّبُوكَ فَقَدْ كُذِّبَتْ رُسُلٌ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ

So, observe patience on that from them, and all that has been Ratified in the Book of Allah^-azwj which Jibraeel^-as Descended with upon your Prophet^-saww, getting your Prophet^-saww to hear the Words of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Therefore be patient just as the Determined ones from the Rasools were patient, and do not hasten (the Punishment) for them [46:35]. Then He^-azwj Said: And if they are belying you, so have the Rasools from before you were belied, and to Allah is the return of the matters [35:4].

فَصَبَرُوا عَلى ما كُذِّبُوا وَ أُوذُوا فَقَدْ كُذِّبَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ وَ الرُّسُلُ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ وَ أُوذُوا مَعَ التَّكْذِيبِ بِالْحَقِّ فَإِنْ سَرَّكُمْ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ فِيهِمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَهُمْ لَهُ فِي الْأَصْلِ [أَصْلِ الْخَلْقِ] مِنَ الْكُفْرِ الَّذِي سَبَقَ فِي عِلْمِ اللَّهِ أَنْ يَخْلُقَهُمْ لَهُ فِي الْأَصْلِ وَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ سَمَّاهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ فِي قَوْلِهِ وَ جَعَلْنَا مِنْهُمْ أَئِمَّةً يَدْعُونَ إِلَى النَّارِ

Therefore observe patience on what they lie about and hurt you with, for they had belied the Prophet^-saww of Allah^-azwj, and the Messengers^-as from before him^-saww, and hurt them along with the denial of the truth. And if you are happy with the Commands of Allah^-azwj regarding them^-asws whom Allah^-azwj Created for Himself^zwj in the beginning (beginning of the creation), from the Kufr which has preceded in the Knowledge of Allah^-azwj that He^-azwj Created them in the origin and the ones whom Allah^-azwj has Named in His^-azwj book in His^-azwj Words: And We Made them Imams calling to the Fire [28:41].[61]

[1] تفسير القمي، ج‏2، ص: 296

[2] Bihar Al Anwaar – V 43, The book of History – Al Hassan-asws and Al Husayn-asws, Ch 11 H 21

[3] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 1 Ch 1 H 55

[4] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 60 The book of Sorcery and the Jinn – Ch 2 H 37

[5] ثواب الأعمال: 114

[6] (خواص القرآن)

[7] خواصّ القرآن: 51 «مخطوط»

[8] Tafseer Burhan – 9756

[9] تفسير نور الثقلين، ج‏5، ص: 7 – H 2

[10] Tafseer Noor Al Saqalayn – CH 46 H 3

[11] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Divine Authority CH 108 H 72

[12] Al-Kafi, Vol. 1, H. 808,    الكافي ج : 1 ص : 312, also see: بحارالأنوار     49     24    باب 2- النصوص على الخصوص عليه صلوات‏الإرشاد     2     249    فصل …..  ص : 247 إعلام‏الورى          315    الفصل الثاني في ذكر النصوص الدالة ع الخرائج‏والجرائح     2     897    فصل …..  ص : 897 الصراطالمستقيم     2     164    السابع النص على الرضا ع …..  ص : الغيبةللطوسي          36    الكلام على الواقفة …..  ص : 23كشف‏الغمة     2     271    و أما مناقبه و صفاته …..  ص : 260المناقب     4     367    فصل في المفردات …..  ص : 366

[13] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Divine Authority CH 40 H 4

[14] Basaair Al Darajaat – P 4 CH 1 H 21

[15] Al-Kafi,Vol. 1, H. 632

[16] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 8, The book of Justice, S 3, Ch 21 H 2

[17] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 67 – The book of Eman and Kufr – Ch 63 H 49

[18] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 47, The book of History – Ja’far Al-Sadiq^-asws, Ch 7 H 25

[19] Al-Kafi, vol. 8, H. 14570

[20] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 89 – The Book of Quran – Ch 127 H 10

[21] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 25, The book of Imamate, P 3 Ch 7 H 20

[22] Bashaarat Al Mustafa^saww Li Shia Al Murtaza^asws – P 7 H 42 (Extract)

[23] تفسير القمّي 2: 111.

[24] المحاسن: 299/ 1

[25] تأويل الآيات 2: 578/ 2.

[26] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 44/ 44

[27] تفسير القمّي 2: 297.

[28] تفسير نور الثقلين، ج‏2، ص: 526 H 3

[29] Bihar Al Anwaar – V 32, The book of Fitna (Strife) And Ordeals, Ch 16 H 420

[30] Al Kafi – V 4 – The Book of Hajj Ch 165 H 10

[31] تفسير القمّي 2: 297

[32] تأويل الآيات 2: 581/ 6

[33] التهذيب 9: 182/ 6.

[34] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Divine Authority CH 91 H 7

[35] روضة الواعظين 1: 105.

[36] Bihar Al Anwaar – V 23, The book of Imamate, P 1 Ch 7 H 59

[37] حيلة الأبرار 1: 352.

[38] مجمع البيان 9: 133

[39] مجمع البيان 9: 133

[40] Bihar Al-Anwar – V 33, reporting from Nahjul Balagha V686 – نهج، نهج البلاغة

[41] Al Kafi – H 14512

[42] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 4 Ch 4 H 19

[43] Tafseer Abu Hamza Al Sumali – Hadeeth No. 285

[44] تفسير القمّي 1: 330.

[45] تفسير القمّي 1: 199. (Extract)

[46] تفسير القمّي 1: 309.

[47] الكافي 1: 161/ 3 (Extract)

[48] (معاني الأخبار: 32/ 2، شواهد التنزيل 1: 61/ 96)

[49] (تفسير القمّي 1: 28.)

[50] (ابن شهر آشوب 3: 73، شواهد التنزيل 1: 57/ 86)

[51] The clan of Jaan – predecessors of the Jinn who had been expelled from the earth. See Hadeeth in Surah Baqarah 2:30 to 2:33

[52] تفسير القمّي 2: 298

[53] تفسير القمّي 2: 300

[54] Kitaab Sulaym Bin Qays Al Hilali – H 26

[55] Basaair Al Darajaat P 2 CH 18 H 3

[56] Al Mahaasin – V 2 Bk 2 H 158

[57] Bashaarat Al Mustafa^saww Li Shia Al Murtaza^asws – P 4 H 28 (Extract)

[58] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 99 H 39

[59] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 12 H 2

[60] Tafseer Noor Al Saqalayn – CH 46 H 49

[61] Al Kafi – H 14449 (Extract)