Al Alaq
(The Reading)
بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ
Brief Introduction of Al-Alaq (96):
Sura Al-Alaq (19 verses) was revealed in Makkah and is considered the earliest portion of the Holy Quran revealed to Rasool Allah-saww.[1] Abu Jafar-asws (5th Imam) who said: Gabriel-as descended upon Muhammad-saww and said: O Muhammad-saww, recite. He-saww said: What should I-saww recite? He-as said: “Recite in the name of your Lord.” He who created” meaning created your most ancient light (Al-Noor) before all things. The Imam-asws said, when Abu Talib-asws passed away, Abu Jahl and Al-Walid, may God’s curse be upon them, called out, “Come and kill Muhammad, for the one who supported him has died.” So Allah-azwj Said, “Then let him call his assembly, and We will call the guards. [2]
MERITS
ابن بابويه: بإسناده، عن سليمان بن خالد، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام) قال: «من قرأ في يومه أو ليلته: اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ ثم مات في يومه أو في ليلته، مات شهيدا، و بعثه الله شهيدا، و أحياه شهيدا، و كان كمن ضرب بسيفه في سبيل الله تعالى مع رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)
Ibn Babuwayh, by his chain from Suleyman Bin Khalid,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The one who recites: Read in the Name of your Lord Who Created! [96:1] (Surah Al-Alaq) during his day or his night, then dies during his day or during his night, would have died as a martyr, and Allah-azwj would Resurrect him as a martyr, and Revive him as a martyr, and he would be as if he had struck by his sword in the Way of Allah-azwj along with the Rasool-Allah-saww’.[3]
و من (خواص القرآن): روي عن النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله)، أنه قال: «من قرأ هذه السورة، كتب الله له من الأجر كمثل ثواب من قرأ جزء المفصل ، و كأجر من شهر سيفه في سبيل الله تعال
And from Khawas Al-Quran –
It has been reported from the Prophet-saww having said: ‘One who recites this Chapter (Surah Al-Alaq), Allah-azwj would Write for him the Recompense similar to the Rewards of the one who has recited a part of Al-Mufassal (Chapters 47 & 50 & 110), and like the Rewards of the one who brandishes his sword in the Way of Allah-azwj.
و من قرأها و هو راكب البحر سلمه الله تعالى من الغرق
And the one who recites it while sailing in the sea, Allah-azwj would Keep him safe from the drowning’.[4]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ السِّنْدِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ عَنْ سَعْدٍ الْإِسْكَافِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أُعْطِيتُ السُّوَرَ الطِّوَالَ مَكَانَ التَّوْرَاةِ وَ أُعْطِيتُ الْمِئِينَ مَكَانَ الْإِنْجِيلِ وَ أُعْطِيتُ الْمَثَانِيَ مَكَانَ الزَّبُورِ وَ فُضِّلْتُ بِالْمُفَصَّلِ ثَمَانٌ وَ سِتُّونَ سُورَةً وَ هُوَ مُهَيْمِنٌ عَلَى سَائِرِ الْكُتُبِ وَ التَّوْرَاةُ لِمُوسَى وَ الْإِنْجِيلُ لِعِيسَى وَ الزَّبُورُ لِدَاوُدَ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Salih Bin Al Sindy, from Ja’far Bin Bashir, from Sa’ad Al Askaf who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘I-saww have been Given the lengthy Chapters in place of the Torah, and I-saww have been Given the (Chapter of) one hundred (Verses) in place of the Evangel, and I-saww have been Given the Double (Surah Al-Fatiha) in place of the Psalms, and I-saww have been Preferred with the detail of sixty eight Chapters, and these are the pre-dominant upon the rest of the Book; and the Torah is for Musa-as and the Evangel is for Isa-as, and the Psalms is for Dawood-as’’.[5]
و قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): «من قرأها على باب مخزن، سلمه الله تعالى من كل آفة و سارق إلى أن يخرج ما فيه مالكه
And Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘One who recites it upon the door of the storage, Allah-azwj the Exalted would Keep it safe from every affliction and thief until its owner takes out whatever is in it’.[6]
و قال الصادق (عليه السلام): «من قرأها و هو متوجه في سفره كفي شره
And Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘One who recites, and is heading for a journey it would suffice him from its evil.
و من قرأها و هو راكب البحر سلم من ألمه بقدرة الله تعالى
And the one who recites it while he is sailing in the sea, he would be safe by the Power of Allah-azwj the Exalted’.[7]
Revelation Sequence
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ السَّرِيِّ عَنْ عَمِّهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ السَّرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ أَوَّلُ مَا نَزَلَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ وَ آخِرُهُ إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, and Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Mansour Bin Al Abbas, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Al Sarriy, from his uncle Ali Bin Al Sariy,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The first of what was Revealed upon Rasool-Allah-saww was In the Name of Allah-azwj the Beneficent, the Merciful, Read in the name of your Lord Who Created [96:1] and the last of it (Chapter Revealed) was When there comes the help of Allah and the victory’ [110:1].[8]
VERSES 1 – 5
اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ {1}
Read in the Name of your Lord Who Created! [96:1]
خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ {2}
He Created the human being from a clot [96:2]
اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الْأَكْرَمُ {3}
Read, by your Lord, the most Benevolent [96:3]
الَّذِي عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ {4}
Who Taught by the Pen [96:4]
عَلَّمَ الْإِنْسَانَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ {5}
Taught the human being that which he did not know [96:5]
The first Revelation
فَلَمَّا اسْتَكْمَلَ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً [وَ] نَظَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَى قَلْبِهِ فَوَجدَهُ أَفْضَلَ الْقُلُوبِ وَ أَجَلَّهَا، وَ أَطْوَعَهَا وَ أَخْشَعَهَا وَ أَخْضَعَهَا، أَذِنَ لِأَبْوَابِ السَّمَاءِ فَفُتِحَتْ، وَ مُحَمَّدٌ ص يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهَا، وَ أَذِنَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ فَنَزَلُوا وَ مُحَمَّدٌ ص يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِمْ،
(Imam Hassan Al-Askari-asws) said: ‘So when he-saww (Rasool-Allah-saww) was of complete forty years, and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Looked at his-saww heart, He-azwj Found it to be the most superior of the hearts, and its most sublime, and its most obedient, and its most humble, and its most submissive, He-azwj Permitted the gateways of the sky, so they opened up, and Muhammad-saww looked at them. And He-azwj Permitted the Angels, so they descended and Muhammad-saww looked at them.
وَ أَمَرَ بِالرَّحْمَةِ فَأُنْزِلَتْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ لَدُنْ سَاقِ الْعَرْشِ إِلَى رَأْسِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ غَمَرَتْهُ، وَ نَظَرَ إِلَى جَبْرَئِيلَ الرُّوحِ الْأَمِينِ الْمُطَوَّقِ بِالنُّورِ، طَاوُسِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ هَبَطَ إِلَيْهِ، وَ أَخَذَ بِضَبْعِهِ وَ هَزَّهُ وَ قَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ اقْرَأْ. قَالَ: وَ مَا أَقْرَأُ
And He-azwj Commanded with the Mercy so it descended from the base of the Throne unto the head of Muhammad-saww and deluged him-saww. And he-saww looked at Jibraeel-as the Trustworthy Spirit encircled with the light, peacock of the Angels descending unto him-saww, and he-as grabbed his-saww forearms and shook (them) and said, ‘O Muhammad-saww! Read!’ He-saww said: ‘And what shall I-saww read?’
قَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ- خَلَقَ الْإِنْسانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ ما لَمْ يَعْلَمْ ثُمَّ أَوْحَى [إِلَيْهِ] مَا أَوْحَى إِلَيْهِ رَبُّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ، ثُمَّ صَعِدَ إِلَى الْعُلْوِ، وَ نَزَلَ مُحَمَّدٌ ص مِنَ الْجَبَلِ- وَ قَدْ غَشِيَهُ مِنْ تَعْظِيمِ جَلَالِ اللَّهِ، وَ وَرَدَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ كَبِيرِ شَأْنِهِ مَا رَكِبَهُ بِهِ الْحُمَّى وَ النَّافِضُ
He-as said: ‘O Muhammad-saww! Read in the name of your Lord Who Created [96:1] He created the human being from a clot [96:2] – up to His-azwj Words – what he did not know [96:5]. Then he-as revealed unto him-saww what his-saww Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed, then he-as ascended to the heights, and Muhammad-saww descended from the mountain – and he-saww had been overwhelmed from revering the Majesty of Allah-azwj, then there came upon him-saww from the importance of his-saww occupation, he-saww was affected by the fever and the chills.
يَقُولُ وَ قَدِ اشْتَدَّ عَلَيْهِ مَا يَخَافُهُ- مِنْ تَكْذِيبِ قُرَيْشٍ فِي خَبَرِهِ، وَ نِسْبَتِهِمْ إِيَّاهُ إِلَى الْجُنُونِ، [وَ أَنَّهُ] يَعْتَرِيهِ شَيْطَانٌ وَ كَانَ مِنْ أَوَّلِ أَمْرِهِ أَعْقَلُ خَلِيقَةِ اللَّهِ، وَ أَكْرَمُ بَرَايَاهُ وَ أَبْغَضُ الْأَشْيَاءِ إِلَيْهِ الشَّيْطَانُ وَ أَفْعَالُ الْمَجَانِينِ وَ أَقْوَالُهُمْ.
He-saww was saying, and it had intensified upon him-saww what he-saww feared upon from the belying of the Quraysh regarding his-saww news, and their linking him-saww to the insanity and that he-saww was influenced by Satan-la, and he-saww was from the first time (beginning), an intellectual creature of Allah-azwj, and most honourable of their righteous ones, and the most hated of the things to him-saww was the Satan-la, and the deeds of the insane and their speeches’.[9]
The Pen
الحسن بن أبي الحسن الديلمي: بإسناده إلى محمد بن الفضيل، عن أبي الحسن موسى (عليه السلام)، قال: سألته عن قول الله عز و جل: ن وَ الْقَلَمِ وَ ما يَسْطُرُونَ: «فالنون اسم لرسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، و القلم اسم لأمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)
Al-Hassan Bin Abu Al-Hassan Al-Daylami, by his chain going up to Muhammad Bin Al-Fazeyl, who has narrated the following:
‘I asked Abu Al-Hassan Musa-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Noon and the Pen, and what they will be writing! [68:1], he-asws said: ‘So the (letter) Noon is a name of the Rasool-Allah-saww, and the Pen is a name of Amir Al-Momineen-asws’.[10]
تفسير العياشي عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ الْقَصِيرِ قَالَ: كُنْتُ يَوْماً مِنَ الْأَيَّامِ عِنْدَ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فَقَالَ يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحِيمِ قُلْتُ لَبَّيْكَ قَالَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ إِنَّما أَنْتَ مُنْذِرٌ وَ لِكُلِّ قَوْمٍ هادٍ إِذْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَنَا الْمُنْذِرُ وَ عَلِيٌّ الْهَادِي مَنِ الْهَادِي الْيَوْمَ
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – From Abdul Raheem Al Qaseyr who said,
‘One day from the days I was in the presence of Abu Ja’far-asws. He-asws said: ‘O Abdul Raheem!’ I said, ‘At your-asws service!’ He-asws said: ‘Words of Allah-azwj: But rather, you are a Warner, and for every people there is a Guide [13:7]. Then Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘I-saww am the warner and Ali-asws is the guide’. Who is the guide today?’
قَالَ فَسَكَتُّ طَوِيلًا ثُمَّ رَفَعْتُ رَأْسِي فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ هِيَ فِيكُمْ تَوَارَثُونَهَا رَجُلٌ فَرَجُلٌ حَتَّى انْتَهَتْ إِلَيْكَ فَأَنْتَ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ الْهَادِي
He (the narrator) said, ‘I was silent for a long time. Then I raised my head and I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! It is among you, being inherited by a man to a man until it ended up to you-asws. So, you-asws, may I be sacrificed for you-asws, are the guidance’.
قَالَ صَدَقْتَ يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحِيمِ إِنَّ الْقُرْآنَ حَيٌّ لَا يَمُوتُ وَ الْآيَةَ حَيَّةٌ لَا تَمُوتُ فَلَوْ كَانَتِ الْآيَةُ إِذَا نَزَلَتْ فِي الْأَقْوَامِ مَاتُوا مَاتَتِ الْآيَةُ لَمَاتَ الْقُرْآنُ وَ لَكِنْ هِيَ جَارِيَةٌ فِي الْبَاقِينَ كَمَا جَرَتْ فِي الْمَاضِينَ
He-asws said: ‘You speak the truth, O Abdul Rahman! The Quran is alive, will not be dying, and the Verses are alive, will not be dying. If the Verse, when it was Revealed regarding (a certain) people, (and) they died, so the Verse would have died, the Quran would die. But it flows in the remainder, just as it had flowed in the past’.
وَ قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحِيمِ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ الْقُرْآنَ حَيٌّ لَمْ يَمُتْ وَ إِنَّهُ يَجْرِي كَمَا يَجْرِي اللَّيْلُ وَ النَّهَارُ وَ كَمَا يَجْرِي الشَّمْسُ وَ الْقَمَرُ وَ يَجْرِي عَلَى آخِرِنَا كَمَا يَجْرِي عَلَى أَوَّلِنَا.
And Abdul Rahman said, ‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘The Quran is alive, not dead, and it flows just as the night and the day flows, and just as the sun and the moon flow, it flows upon our-asws last one just as it had flowed upon our-asws first one’’.[11]
VERSES 6 – 8
كَلَّا إِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ لَيَطْغَىٰ {6}
Nevertheless! Surely, the human being is rude (acts arrogantly) [96:6]
أَنْ رَآهُ اسْتَغْنَىٰ {7}
Because he sees himself as needless (self-sufficient) [96:7]
إِنَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ الرُّجْعَىٰ {8}
Surely to your Lord is the return [96:8]
الْإِنْسَانَ إِذَا اسْتَغْنَى يَكْفُرُ وَ يَطْغَى وَ يُنْكِرُ «إِنَّ إِلى رَبِّكَ الرُّجْعى» قَوْلُهُ «أَ رَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يَنْهى عَبْداً إِذا صَلَّى» كَانَ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ يَنْهَى النَّاسَ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ وَ أَنْ يُطَاعَ اللَّهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ فَقَالَ «أَ رَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يَنْهى عَبْداً إِذا صَلَّى» قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: «أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَذَّبَ وَ تَوَلَّى أَ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَرى» ثُمَّ قَالَ «كَلَّا لَئِنْ لَمْ يَنْتَهِ لَنَسْفَعاً بِالنَّاصِيَةِ
(Tafseer e Qurmi): When a man becomes self-sufficient, he disbelieves, transgresses, and denies. “Indeed, to your Lord is the return (96:8).” His-azwj statement, “Have you seen the one who forbids a servant when he prays (96:9-10)?” Al-Walid ibn Al-Mughirah used to forbid people from praying and from obeying Allah-azwj and His Messenger-saww. So, He-azwj said, “Have you seen the one who forbids a servant when he prays (96:13-14)?” Allah-azwj the Most High said, “Have you seen if he denies and turns away (96:15)? Does he not know that Allah-azwj sees him. Then He-azwj said, “No! If he does not desist, We will surely seize him by the forelock.”
A miracle by Amir Al-Momineen-asws
وَ لَقَدْ أَصْبَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص يَوْماً- وَ قَدْ غَصَّ مَجْلِسُهُ بِأَهْلِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص: فَأَيُّكُمُ الْيَوْمَ نَفَعَ بِجَاهِهِ أَخَاهُ الْمُؤْمِنَ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع: أَنَا. قَالَ: صَنَعْتَ مَا ذَا قَالَ: مَرَرْتُ بِعَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ وَ قَدْ لَازَمَهُ بَعْضُ الْيَهُودِ فِي ثَلَاثِينَ دِرْهَماً كَانَتْ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ عَمَّارٌ: يَا أَخَا رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص هَذَا يُلَازمِنُيِ وَ لَا يُرِيدُ إِلَّا أَذَايَ وَ إِذْلَالِي لِمَحَبَّتِي لَكُمْ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ، فَخَلِّصْنِي مِنْهُ بِجَاهِكَ
One day Rasool-Allah-saww came and his-saww gathering had crammed with its people, then Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘So which of you today benefitted by his virtue, his Momin brother?’ So Ali-asws said: ‘I-asws did’. He-saww said: ‘What is that which you-asws did?’ He-asws said: ‘I-asws passed by Ammar Bin Yasser-as and one of the Jews was pressing him regarding thirty Dirhams which were for him upon him. So Ammar said, ‘O brother-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! This one is pressing me and is not intending except to harm me and humiliate me due to my love for you-asws, the People-asws of the Household. Therefore, finish me off from him-asws by your-asws virtue’.
فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أُكَلِّمَ لَهُ الْيَهُودِيَّ. فَقَالَ: يَا أَخَا رَسُولِ اللَّهِ إِنَّكَ أَجَلُّ فِي قَلْبِي وَ عَيْنِي- مِنْ أَنْ أَبْذُلَكَ لِهَذَا الْكَافِرِ وَ لَكِنْ اشْفَعْ لِي إِلَى مَنْ لَا يَرُدُّكَ عَنْ طَلِبَةٍ، وَ لَوْ أَرَدْتَ جَمِيعَ جَوَانِبِ الْعَالَمِ- أَنْ يُصَيِّرَهَا كَأَطْرَافِ السُّفْرَةِ [لَفَعَلَ] فَاسْأَلْهُ أَنْ يُعِينَنِي عَلَى أَدَاءِ دَيْنِهِ، وَ يُغْنِيَنِي عَنِ الِاسْتِدَانَةِ.
So I-asws intended to speak to the Jew for him, and he (Ammar) said, ‘O brother-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! You-asws are more majestic in my heart and my eyes than that I should exert you-asws for this Kafir, but intercede for me to the One Who-azwj would not Return you-asws from your-asws seeking; and if you-asws were to intend the entire sides of the world to become like the sides of the yellow (gold), He-azwj would Do so. So ask Him-azwj to Assist me upon the paying off of my debts, and make me needless from the borrowing’.
فَقُلْتُ: اللَّهُمَّ افْعَلْ ذَلِكَ بِهِ، ثُمَّ قُلْتُ لَهُ: اضْرِبْ بِيَدِكَ إِلَى مَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْكَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ «حَجَرٍ أَوْ مَدَرٍ» فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يُقَلِّبُهُ لَكَ ذَهَباً إِبْرِيزاً فَضَرَبَ يَدَهُ، فَتَنَاوَلَ حَجَراً فِيهِ أَمْنَانٌ فَتَحَوَّلَ فِي يَدِهِ ذَهَباً
So I-asws said: ‘O Allah-azwj! Do that for him!’ Then I-asws said to him: ‘Strike with your hand upon whatever is in front of you, from anything from a stone or mud, so Allah-azwj would Transform it for you as pure gold ‘. So he struck his hand and grabbed a stone which was ‘Amnaan’ (Two Ratls – 812gms.), and it transformed into his hand as gold.
ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى الْيَهُودِيِّ فَقَالَ: وَ كَمْ دَيْنُكَ قَالَ: ثَلَاثُونَ دِرْهَماً. فَقَالَ: كَمْ قِيمَتُهَا مِنَ الذَّهَبِ قَالَ: ثَلَاثَةُ دَنَانِيرَ
Then he turned towards the Jews and he said, ‘And how much is your debt?’ He said, ‘Thirty Dirhams’. So he said, ‘How much is its value in gold?’ He said, ‘Three Dinars’.
قَالَ عَمَّارٌ: اللَّهُمَّ بِجَاهِ مَنْ بِجَاهِهِ- قَلَّبْتَ هَذَا الْحَجَرَ ذَهَباً، لَيِّنْ لِي هَذَا الذَّهَبَ لِأَفْصِلَ قَدْرَ حَقِّهِ. فَأَلَانَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهُ، فَفَصَلَ لَهُ ثَلَاثَةَ مَثَاقِيلَ، وَ أَعْطَاهُ
Ammar said, ‘O Allah-azwj! By the virtue of the one-asws by whose virtue, You-azwj Transformed this rock into gold, Soften this gold for me so I can break a (piece of the) measurement of his right’. So Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Softened it for him, and he broke of this three Misqals (6.2 gms x 3) and gave it to him.
ثُمَّ جَعَلَ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ وَ قَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُكَ تَقُولُ كَلَّا إِنَّ الْإِنْسانَ لَيَطْغى أَنْ رَآهُ اسْتَغْنى وَ لَا أُرِيدُ غِنًى يُطْغِينِي. اللَّهُمَّ فَأَعِدْ هَذَا الذَّهَبَ حَجَراً- بِجَاهِ مَنْ جَعَلْتَهُ ذَهَباً بَعْدَ أَنْ كَانَ حَجَراً. فَعَادَ حَجَراً فَرَمَاهُ مِنْ يَدِهِ، وَ قَالَ: حَسْبِي مِنَ الدُّنْيَا وَ الْآخِرَةِ مُوَالاتِي لَكَ- يَا أَخَا رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص
Then he went on looking at him, and he said, ‘O Allah-azwj! I heard You-azwj Saying: Never! Surely the human being is inordinate [96:6] Because he sees himself as needless [96:7], and I do not want riches making me transgress. O Allah-azwj! Return this gold as a rock, by the virtue of the one-asws whom You-azwj Made it to be as gold after it having been a rock’. So, it returned to be as a rock, and he threw it from his hand and said, ‘It suffices me from the world and the Hereafter, my friendship for you-asws – O brother-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww!’
[فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص:] فَتَعَجَّبَتْ مَلَائِكَةُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ مِنْ فِعْلِهِ، وَ عَجَّتْ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى بِالثَّنَاءِ عَلَيْهِ، فَصَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ مِنْ فَوْقِ عَرْشِهِ تَتَوَالَى عَلَيْهِ
So Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The Angels of the sky and the earth were astounded from his deed, and they raised their voices to Allah-azwj the Exalted with the praise upon him. So Allah-azwj Sent Salawat from above His-azwj Throne to come upon him.
قَالَ ص: فَأَبْشِرْ يَا أَبَا الْيَقْظَانِ فَإِنَّكَ أَخُو عَلِيٍّ فِي دِيَانَتِهِ، وَ مِنْ أَفَاضِلِ أَهْلِ وَلَايَتِهِ وَ مِنَ الْمَقْتُولِينَ فِي مَحَبَّتِهِ، تَقْتُلُكَ الْفِئَةُ الْبَاغِيَةُ، وَ آخِرُ زَادِكَ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا ضَيَاحٌ مِنْ لَبَنٍ وَ تَلْحَقُ رُوحُكَ بِأَرْوَاحِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الْفَاضِلِينَ، فَأَنْتَ مِنْ خِيَارِ شِيعَتِي
He-saww said: ‘Receive glad tidings, O Abu Al-Yaqzan, for you are a brother of Ali-asws in his-asws Religion, and from the meritorious ones of his-asws Wilayah, and from the ones to be killed in his-asws love. The rebellious group would kill you, and the last of your provision from the world would be a Sa’a of milk, and your soul would join with the souls of Muhammad-saww and his-saww superior Progeny-asws, for you are from the best of my-saww Shias’.[12]
VERSES 9 & 10
أَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يَنْهَىٰ {9}
Have you seen the one who forbids [96:9]
عَبْدًا إِذَا صَلَّىٰ {10}
A servant when he prays Salat? [96:10]
Offering Salat before its time is Bidah (as is recited these by some Muslims)
محمد بن يعقوب: عن محمد بن يحيى، عن محمد بن إسماعيل القمي، عن علي بن الحكم، عن سيف بن عميرة، رفعه، قال: «مر أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) برجل يصلي الضحى في مسجد الكوفة، فغمز جنبه بالدرة، و قال: نحرت صلاة الأوابين نحرك الله. قال: فأتركها؟- قال- فقال: أَ رَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يَنْهى عَبْداً إِذا صَلَّى
Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Ismail Al Qummy, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Sayf Bin Ameyra, raising it, said,
‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws by a man who was praying the forenoon Salat in Masjid Al-Kufa. So he-asws pressed his side with the whip and said: ‘You slaughtered the Salat of: the penitent [17:25], may Allah-azwj Slaughter you!’ He said, ‘So, shall I leave it?’ He-asws said: ‘Have you seen the one who forbids [96:9] A servant when he prays Salat? [96:10]’.
فقال أبو عبد الله (عليه السلام): «و كفى بإنكار علي (عليه السلام) نهيا
So Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘And it suffices by the denial of Ali-asws for its forbiddance’’.[13]
فِي مَنْ لَا يَحْضُرُهُ الْفَقِيهُ رَوَى عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ الْمُخْتَارِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ صَلَاةِ الضُّحَى؟ فَقَالَ: أَوَّلُ مَنْ صَلَّاهَا قَوْمُكَ، إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا مِنَ الْغَافِلِينَ فَيُصَلُّونَهَا وَ لَمْ يُصَلِّهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ
In (the book) Man La Yahzar Al Faqih – ‘It is reported by Abdul Wahid Bin Al Mukhtar Al Ansary,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I asked him-asws about Salat Al-Zoha (Salat before midday), so he-asws said: ‘The first one to pray it were your people. They were from the heedless ones, so they prayed it (before Zuhar Salat), and Rasool-Allah-saww did not pray it’’.[14]
وقال: ان عليا عليه السلام مر على رجل وهو يصليها، فقال على عليه السلام ما هذه الصلوة ؟ قال: ادعها يا أمير المؤمنين ؟ فقال على عليه السلام: اكون انهى عبدا إذا صلى ؟
And said, ‘Ali-asws passed by a man whilst he was Praying (before midday salat time), so Ali-asws said: ‘What is this Salat?’ He said, ‘Shall I leave it, O Amir Al-Momineen-asws?’ Ali-asws said: ‘And should I-asws become the one who prevented a servant from praying Salat?’[15]
وقد روى عن على عليه السلام انه خرج في يوم عيد فرأى أناسا يصلون فقال: يا أيها الناس قد شهدنا نبى الله صلى الله عليه وآله في مثل هذا اليوم فلم يكن أحد يصلى قبل العيد – أو قال النبي
And it has been reported from Ali-asws that he-asws went out on the Day of Eid, and he-asws saw a person praying Salat. He-asws said: ‘O you people! We have witnessed Rasool Allah-saww on a day like this, not a single person prayed before the Eid – or (before) the Prophet-saww said’ –
فقال رجل: يا أمير المؤمنين الا تنهى ان يصلوا قبل خروج الامام ؟
So the man said, ‘O Amir Al-Momineen-asws! Are you-asws preventing me from praying before the coming of the prayer leader?’
فقال: لا اريد ان انهى عبدا إذا صلى، ولكنا نحدثهم بما هدنا من النبي أو كما قال
He-asws said: ‘I-asws do not want to prevent a servant from praying Salat, but I-asws am narrating to them what we have witnessed from the Prophet-saww, or what he-saww had said’.[16]
علي بن إبراهيم، في معنى السورة، قوله: قوله: أَ رَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يَنْهى عَبْداً إِذا صَلَّى، قال: كان الوليد بن المغيرة ينهى الناس عن الصلاة، و أن يطاع الله و رسوله، فقال الله: أَ رَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يَنْهى عَبْداً إِذا صَلَّى
Ali Bin Ibrahim, regarding the meaning of the Chapter –
His-azwj Words: Have you seen the one who forbids [96:9] A servant when he prays Salat? [96:10], he said: ‘Al-Waleed Bin Al-Mugheira used to prevent the people from praying Salat and obeying Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww. So Allah-azwj Said: Have you seen the one who forbids [96:9] A servant when he prays Salat? [96:10]’.[17]
VERSES 11 – 18
أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَانَ عَلَى الْهُدَىٰ {11}
Have you seen if he (Abu Jahl) were upon the Guidance [96:11]
أَوْ أَمَرَ بِالتَّقْوَىٰ {12}
Or enjoined the piety? [96:12]
أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ {13}
Have you seen when he lies and turning around (from good)? [96:13]
أَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَرَىٰ {14}
Does he not know that Allah Sees? [96:14]
كَلَّا لَئِنْ لَمْ يَنْتَهِ لَنَسْفَعًا بِالنَّاصِيَةِ {15}
Never! If he does not desist, We would Smite his forehead [96:15]
نَاصِيَةٍ كَاذِبَةٍ خَاطِئَةٍ {16}
Being a forehead of a lying sinner [96:16]
فَلْيَدْعُ نَادِيَهُ {17}
So let him call (whoever can help) [96:17]
سَنَدْعُ الزَّبَانِيَةَ {18}
We would be Calling (instead the Angels of Hell) [96:18]
قال ابن عباس لما اتى أبو جهل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله انتهره رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله فقال أبو جهل: اتنتهرنى يا محمد فوالله لقد علمت ما بها احد اكثر ناديا منى فأنزل الله سبحانه فليدع ناديه
Ibn Abbas said,
‘When Abu Jahl came to Rasool-Allah-saww, Rasool-Allah-saww scolded him. So, Abu Jahl said, ‘You-saww are scolding me, O Muhammad-saww! By Allah-azwj, you-saww know that there is no one who can call upon more (soldiers) than I can’. So Allah-azwj the Glorious Revealed: So let him call a calling [96:17]’.[18]
علي بن إبراهيم، في معنى السورة، قوله:
Ali Bin Ibrahim, regarding the meaning of the Chapter –
قوله: فَلْيَدْعُ نادِيَهُ قال: لما مات أبو طالب، نادى أبو جهل و الوليد عليهما لعائن الله: هلموا فاقتلوا محمدا، فقد مات الذي كان ينصره، فقال الله: فَلْيَدْعُ نادِيَهُ سَنَدْعُ الزَّبانِيَةَ، قال: كما دعا إلى قتل رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، نحن أيضا ندعو الزبانية.
His-azwj Words: So let him call a calling [96:17], he-asws said: ‘When Abu Talib-asws passed away, Abu Jahl and Al-Waleed, may Curses of Allah-azwj be upon them both, called out, ‘Come and kill Muhammad-saww, for the one-asws who used to help him-saww has died!’
So Allah-azwj said: So let him call a calling [96:17] We would be Calling the Angels of Hell [96:18]. He said: ‘So if he calls for the killing of Rasool-Allah-saww, We-azwj would also Call the Angels of Hell’.[19]
VERSE 19
كَلَّا لَا تُطِعْهُ وَاسْجُدْ وَاقْتَرِبْ {19}
Nevertheless! Do not heed him (Abu Jahl), and do Sajdah and draw closer (to Allah) [96:19]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ الرِّضَا يَقُولُ أَقْرَبُ مَا يَكُونُ الْعَبْدُ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ هُوَ سَاجِدٌ وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ اسْجُدْ وَ اقْتَرِبْ
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Al Washha who said,
‘I heard Al-Reza-asws saying: ‘The servant cannot happen to be (any) closer to Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic than when he is performing Sajdah, and these are the Words of the Mighty and Majestic: and do Sajdah and draw closer [96:19]’.[20]
في غوالى اللئالى وروى في الحديث انه لما نزل قوله تعالى: ” واسجدوا واقترب ” سجد النبي صلى الله عليه وآله فقال في سجوده: اعوذ بالله برضاك من سخطك وبما فاتك من عقوبتك واعوذ بك منك حتى لا أحصى ثناء عليك انت كما اثنيت على نفسك
In (the book) Gawaaly Al-La’aly,
And it has been reported in the Hadeeth that when the Words of the Exalted were Revealed: and do Sajdah and draw closer [96:19], the Prophet-saww did Sajdah and said in his-saww Sajdah: ‘I-saww seek refuge with Allah-azwj by Your-azwj Pleasure, from Your-azwj Anger, by what has been forgotten from Your-azwj Punishment. And I-saww seek refuge with You-azwj, from You-azwj to the extent that I-saww have no count of Your-azwj Praise. You-azwj are as You-azwj have Praised Yourself-azwj to be’.[21]
جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِذَا قَرَأْتَ شَيْئاً مِنَ الْعَزَائِمِ الَّتِي يُسْجَدُ فِيهَا فَلَا تُكَبِّرْ قَبْلَ سُجُودِكَ وَ لَكِنْ تُكَبِّرُ حِينَ تَرْفَعُ رَأْسَكَ
A group, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Al Nazar Bin Suweyd, from Abdullah Bin Sinan,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Whenever you recite anything from the determined (Verses) in which there is a Sajdah, (to be performed), so do not exclaim Takbeer before your Sajdah, but, exclaim Takbeer when you raise your head.
وَ الْعَزَائِمُ أَرْبَعٌ حم السَّجْدَةُ وَ تَنْزِيلٌ وَ النَّجْمُ وَ اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ
And the determined (Verses of Sajdah) are four – Ha Meem Sajdah (Chapter 32:15), and Tanzeel (Chapter 41:38), and Al-Najm (Chapter 53:62), and Iqra Bi Ism Rabbik (Chapter 96:19)’.[22]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ قَالَ إِذَا قُرِئَ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْعَزَائِمِ الْأَرْبَعِ فَسَمِعْتَهَا فَاسْجُدْ وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ عَلَى غَيْرِ وُضُوءٍ وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ جُنُباً وَ إِنْ كَانَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ لَا تُصَلِّي وَ سَائِرُ الْقُرْآنِ أَنْتَ فِيهِ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شِئْتَ سَجَدْتَ وَ إِنْ شِئْتَ لَمْ تَسْجُدْ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Al Qasim Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from Abu Baseer who said,
‘He-asws said: ‘When something from the four determined Verses (32:15, or 41:38, or 53:62 or 96:19) is recited, so perform Sajdah, and even though you might be without an ablution, and even if you were with a sexual impurity, and even if you were a woman not praying Salat (due to menstruation etc.); and the rest of the Quran, you are with the choice therein, if you so desire to, you perform Sajdah, and if you so desire to, you do not perform Sajdah’.[23]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِنْ صَلَّيْتَ مَعَ قَوْمٍ فَقَرَأَ الْإِمَامُ اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ أَوْ شَيْئاً مِنَ الْعَزَائِمِ وَ فَرَغَ مِنْ قِرَاءَتِهِ وَ لَمْ يَسْجُدْ فَأَوْمِ إِيمَاءً وَ الْحَائِضُ تَسْجُدُ إِذَا سَمِعَتِ السَّجْدَةَ
Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Fazalat Bin Ayoub, from Al Husayn Bin Usman, from Sama’at, from Abu Baseer,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘If you are praying Salāt with a group of people and the prayer leader recites: Read in the Name of your Lord Who Created! [96:1] (Surah Al Alaq), or something from the Determined Verses and is free from reciting it, and did not perform Sajdah, so indicate (a Sajdah) with a gesture; and the menstruating woman should perform Sajdah when she hears the Sajdah (Verse)’.[24]
Appendix: Teaching by the Pen (Amir Al-Momineen-asws)
علي بن إبراهيم، قال: حدثنا أحمد بن محمد الشيباني، قال: حدثنا محمد بن أحمد، قال: حدثنا إسحاق بن محمد، قال: حدثنا محمد بن علي، قال: حدثنا عثمان بن يوسف، عن عبد الله بن كيسان، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: «نزل جبرئيل على محمد (صلى الله عليه و آله)، فقال: يا محمد، اقرأ، قال: و ما أقرأ؟
Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘It was narrated to us by Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Shaybani, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Is’gaq Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Ali, from Usman Bin Yusuf, from Abdullah Bin Kaysan,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Jibraeel-as descended unto Muhammad-saww and he-as said: ‘O Muhammad-saww! Read!’ He-saww said: ‘And what shall I-saww read?’
قال: اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ يعني خلق نورك الأقدم قبل الأشياء
He-as said: ‘Read in the name of your Lord Who Created [96:1] – meaning Created your-saww Light, the most ancient, before the (Creation of) the things.
خَلَقَ الْإِنْسانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ يعني خلقك من نطفة، و شق منك عليا،
He created the human being from a clot [96:2] – from a seed, and Derived Ali-asws from you-saww.
اقْرَأْ وَ رَبُّكَ الْأَكْرَمُ الَّذِي عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ يعني علم علي بن أبي طالب
Read, by your Lord, the most Benevolent [96:3] Who Taught by the Pen [96:4] – Taught by Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws.
عَلَّمَ الْإِنْسانَ علم عليا من الكتابة لك ما لَمْ يَعْلَمْ قبل ذلك
Taught the human being – knowledge of Ali-asws from the writing for you-saww, what he did not know [96:5], what he (the human being) did not know before that’’.[25]
ابن بابويه، قال: أخبرنا أبو الحسن محمد بن هارون الزنجاني، فيما كتب إلى على يدي علي بن أحمد البغدادي الوراق، قال: حدثنا معاذ بن المثنى العنبري، قال: حدثنا عبد الله بن أسماء، قال: حدثنا جويرية، عن سفيان بن سعيد الثوري، عن الصادق (عليه السلام)، في تفسير الحروف المقطعة في القرآن، قال: «و أما النون فهو نهر في الجنة، قال الله عز و جل: اجمد فجمد، فصار مدادا
Ibn Babuwayh said, ‘Abu Al-Hassan Muhammad Bin Haroun Al-Zanjany narrated to us, regarding what he wrote to the hands of Ali Bin Ahmad Al-Baghdady Al-Waraq, from Ma’az Bin Al-Masny Al-Anbary, from Abdullah Bin Asma, from Juweiriya, from Sufyan Bin Saeed Al-Sowry, who has said:
‘Al-Sadiq-asws, regarding the interpretation of the Abbreviated Letters in the Quran, having said: ‘And as for the (Letter) Noon, so it is a river in the Paradise. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: “Freeze!” So it froze becoming ink.
ثم قال عز و جل للقلم: اكتب فسطر القلم في اللوح المحفوظ ما كان و ما هو كائن إلى يوم القيامة
Then the Mighty and Majestic Said to the Pen: “Write!” So the pen wrote in the Guarded Tablet, whatever had transpired and whatever would be transpiring up to the Day of Judgement.
فالمداد مداد من نور، و القلم قلم من نور، و اللوح لوح من نور».
The Ink was the Ink of Light, and the Pen was a Pen of Light, and the Tablet was a Tablet of Light’.
قال سفيان: فقلت له: يا بن رسول الله، بين [لي] أمر اللوح و القلم و المداد فصل بيان، و علمني مما علمك الله؟
Sufyan said, ‘So I said to him-asws, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! Can you-asws explain to me the matter of the Tablet, and the Pen, and the Ink, in a detailed explanation, and teach me from what Allah-azwj has Taught you-asws?’
فقال: «يا بن سعيد، لو لا أنك أهل للجواب ما أجبتك، فنون ملك يؤدي إلى القلم و هو ملك، و القلم يؤدي إلى اللوح و هو ملك، و اللوح يؤدي إلى إسرافيل، و إسرافيل يؤدي إلى ميكائيل، و ميكائيل يؤدي إلى جبرئيل، و جبرئيل يؤدي إلى الأنبياء و الرسل (صلوات الله عليهم)
So he-asws said: ‘O Bin Saeed! Had you not been deserving of the answer, I-asws would not have answered you. An Angel leads to the Pen, and it is an Angel. And the Pen leads to the Tablet and it is an Angel. And the Tablet leads to Israfeel-as and Israfeel-as leads to Mikaeel-as, and Mikaeel-as leads to Jibraeel-as, and Jibraeel-as leads to the Prophets-as and the Rasools-as’.
قال: ثم قال [لي]: «قم- يا سفيان- فلا نأمن عليك
He (the narrator) said, ‘Then he-asws said: ‘Arise O Sufyan! We-asws cannot entrust it to you (any more than this much)’’.[26]
[1] تفسير القمي، ج2، ص: 430
[2] تفسير القمي، ج2، ص: 431
[3] (ثواب الأعمال: 124.)
[4] Tafseer Al Burhan – H 11748
[5] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Merits of the Quran CH 1 H 10
[6] Tafseer Al Burhan – H 11749
[7] (خواص القرآن: 14 «نحوه».)
[8] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Merits of the Quran CH 14 H 5
[9] Tafseer Imam Hassan Al Askariasws – S 78 (Extract)
[10] (تأويل الآيات 2: 710/ 1.)
[11] Bihar Al Anwaar – V 35, The book of History – Amir Al Momineenasws, Ch 20 H 21
[12] Tafseer Imam Hassan Al Askariasws – S 44
[13] الكافي 3: 452/ 8.
[14] تفسير نور الثقلين، ج5، ص: 610 – H 9
[15] Tafseer Noor Al Saqalayn – CH 96 H 10
[16] (تفسير القمّي 2: 430)
[17] (تفسير القمّي 2: 430)
[18] Tafseer Noor Al Saqalayn – Ch 96 H 12
[19] (تفسير القمّي 2: 430)
[20] Al Kafi V 3 – The Book of Salāt CH 1 H 3
[21] Tafseer Noor Al Saqalayn – CH 96 H 20
[22] Al Kafi V 3 – The Book of Salāt CH 22 H 1
[23] Al Kafi V 3 – The Book of Salāt CH 22 H 2
[24] Al Kafi V 3 – The Book of Salāt CH 22 H 4
[25] تفسير القمّي 2: 430.
[26] (معاني الأخبار: 23: 1)