Al Shams
CHAPTER 91
(The Sun)
(15 VERSES)
VERSES 1 – 15
بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ
Brief Introduction of Al-Shams (91):
Sura Al-Shams (15 verses) was revealed in Makkah. Abu Basir asked 6th Imam-asws him about the statement of Allah-azwj: “And the sun and its brightness (91:1).” Imam-asws replied: The sun is the Rasool Allah-saww through whom Allah-azwj Made the religion clear to the people. I asked: “And the moon when it follows it (91:2).” Imam-asws said: That is Amir Al-Momineen-asws. ‘I asked, (What about): And the day when it displays it, [91:3]?’ He-asws said: ‘That (is a reference to) the Imams-asws from the descendants of (Syeda) Fatima-asws, whenever asked about the Religion of Rasool-Allah-saww so they-asws clarify it for the one who has asked (from them-asws). So Allah-azwj has referred it in His-azwj Words by Saying: And the day when it displays it, [91:3]’.
‘I asked, ‘(What about): And the night when it covers it, [91:4]?’ He-asws said: ‘That (is a reference to) the imams of the injustice who tyrannised with the command (government), besides the Progeny-asws of the Rasool-saww and seated themselves upon a seat which was for the Progeny-asws of the Rasool-saww who-asws were foremost (more deserving) for it than they were. They covered the Religion of Allah-azwj by the injustices and the tyranny, therefore Allah-azwj has Referred to their deeds by Saying: And the night when it covers it, [91:4] – Darkness of the night covered the illumination of the day.
And a soul and what He Completed [91:7] – he-asws said: ‘Created it and Imaged it.
And His-azwj Words: Then He Inspired it, it’s immorality and its piety [91:8] – i.e., Introduced it and Inspired it, then Gave it a choice so it chose.
He has succeeded, one who purifies it [91:9] – meaning purified itself; And he has failed, one who corrupts it [91:10] – i.e., seduced it’.[1]
Also, in a Hadith, His-azwj Words: And the day when it displays it, [91:3] – meaning by it Al-Qaim-asws’, and continued the Hadeeth up to his-asws words: ‘The Religion of Allah-azwj was covered with the tyranny and the injustices, so Allah-azwj the Glorious Re-told of their deeds by Saying: And the night when it covers it, [91:4]’’.[2]
In the later part of Chapter 91 Allah-azwj Warns people by citing the example of people of Samood who belied the Commands of Allah-azwj by their transgression (91:11) during the time of Prophet Salih-as, who were finally punished due to their persistence rebellious attitude (i.e., cutting the feet of She-camel).
MERITS
ابن بابويه: بإسناده، عن معاوية بن عمار، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: «من أكثر قراءة (و الشمس) و (و الليل إذا يغشى) و (و الضحى) و (ألم نشرح) في يوم أو ليلة، لم يبق شيء بحضرته إلا شهد له يوم القيامة، حتى شعره و بشره و لحمه و دمه و عروقه و عصبه و عظامه، و كل ما أقلته الأرض معه
Ibn Babuwayh, by his chain, from Muawiya Bin Amaar, who has said:
‘Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The one who frequents in reciting: (I Swear) by the sun and its clarity [91:1] (Surah Al Shams), and (I Swear) by the night when enveloping [92:1] (Surah Al-Layl), and (I Swear) by the clarity [93:1] (Surah Al-Zoha), and Did We not Expand your chest for you? [94:1] (Surah Al-Inshirah), during a day of night, there would not remain anything in his presence except it would testify for him on the Day of Judgment, to the extent of his hair, and his skin, and his flesh, and his blood, and his veins, and his nerves, and his bones, and all what the ground carried with him.
و يقول الرب تبارك و تعالى: قبلت شهادتكم لعبدي، و أجزتها له، انطلقوا به إلى جناني حتى يتخير منها حيث ما أحب، فأعطوه [إياها] من غير من، و لكن رحمة مني و فضلا عليه، و هنيئا لعبدي
And the Lord-azwj Blessed and Exalted would be Saying: ‘I-azwj Accept your testimonies for My-azwj servant) and would Recompense him for it. Go with him to My-azwj Garden unto he chooses from it wherever he loves to be, and I-azwj would Give it to him from without a Favour, but as a Mercy from Me-azwj and a Grace upon him. And congratulations to My-azwj servant!”’.[3]
و قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): «من كان قليل التوفيق فليدمن قراءتها، يوفقه الله أينما توجه، و فيها منافع كثيرة، و حفظ و قبول عند جميع الناس
And Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The one who was of little capabilities/resources so he should habitually recite it (Surah Al Shams), Allah-azwj would Guide him wherever he may go, and therein are numerous benefits, and memory, and acceptance in the presence of all the people’.[4]
و قال الصادق (عليه السلام): «يستحب لمن يكون قليل الرزق و التوفيق كثير الخسران و الحسرات أن يدمن في قراءتها، يصيب فيها زيادة و توفيقا
And Al-Sadiq-asws said; ‘It is recommended for the one who has become of little sustenance and resources, lots of losses and regrets, that he should habitually recite it. He would end up with and increase and resources.
و من شرب ماءها أسكن عنه الرجف بإذن الله تعالى
And the one who drinks its water, it would calm his restlessness/ anxiety by the Permission of Allah-azwj the Exalted’.[5]
فِي مَجْمَعِ الْبَيَانِ أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ قَالَ: مَنْ قَرَأَهَا فَكَأَنَّمَا تَصَدَّقَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ طَلَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ الشَّمْسُ وَ الْقَمَرُ
In (the book) Majma Al Bayan, Abayy Bin Ka’ab,
‘From the Prophet-saww having said: ‘One who recites it (Surah al-Shams), so it would be as if he has ratified with all things the sun and the moon emerge upon’’.[6]
VERSES 1 – 4
وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحَاهَا {1}
And by the sun and its brightness [91:1]
مع، معاني الأخبار أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْمَدِينِيِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْمُحَارِبِيِّ عَنْ ظَهِيرِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ تَمِيمٍ عَنِ الْمُعَمَّرِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ يَزِيدَ الرَّقَاشِيِّ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: صَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص صَلَاةَ الْفَجْرِ فَلَمَّا انْفَتَلَ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْنَا بِوَجْهِهِ الْكَرِيمِ فَقَالَ مَعَاشِرَ النَّاسِ مَنِ افْتَقَدَ الشَّمْسَ فَلْيَتَمَسَّكْ بِالْقَمَرِ وَ مَنِ افْتَقَدَ الْقَمَرَ فَلْيَتَمَسَّكْ بِالزُّهَرَةِ وَ مَنِ افْتَقَدَ الزُّهَرَةَ فَلْيَتَمَسَّكْ بِالْفَرْقَدَيْنِ
(The book) ‘Ma’any Al Ahbar’ – Ahmad Bin Abu Ja’far Al Bayhaqi, from Ali Bin Ja’far Al Madany, from Abu Ja’far Al Muhariby, from Zaheer Bin Salih, from Yahya Bin Tameem, from Al Mo’ammar Bin suleyman, from his father, from Yazeed Al Raqashy, from Anas Bin Malik (Well known fabricator) who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww prayed (leading) with us Salat Al-Fajr. When he-saww turned from his-saww Salat, he-saww faced towards us with his-saww honourable face and said: ‘Community of people! One who missed the sun, so let him adhere with the moon, and one who misses the moon, so let him adhere with Al-Zuhra (Venus), and one who misses Al-Zuhra, so let him adhere with Al-Farqadeyn (two stars)’.
قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الشَّمْسُ وَ الْقَمَرُ وَ الزُّهَرَةُ وَ الْفَرْقَدَانِ فَقَالَ أَنَا الشَّمْسُ وَ عَلِيٌّ ع الْقَمَرُ وَ فَاطِمَةُ الزُّهَرَةُ وَ الْحَسَنُ وَ الْحُسَيْنُ الْفَرْقَدَانِ وَ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ لَا يَفْتَرِقَانِ حَتَّى يَرِدَا عَلَيَّ الْحَوْضَ
It was said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! What is the sun, and the moon, and Al-Zuhra and Al-Farqadeyn?’ He-saww said: ‘I-saww am the sun, and Ali-asws is the moon, and (Syeda) Fatima-asws is Al Zuhra, and Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws are Al-Farqadeyn, and the Book of Allah-azwj will not separate until they return to me-saww at the Fountain’’.[7]
وَالْقَمَرِ إِذَا تَلَاهَا {2}
And by the moon when it follows it, [91:2]
وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا جَلَّاهَا {3}
And by the day when it radiates, [91:3]
وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَاهَا {4}
And by the night when it covers it, [91:4]
جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ سَهْلٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ الشَّمْسِ وَ ضُحاها قَالَ الشَّمْسُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) بِهِ أَوْضَحَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِلنَّاسِ دِينَهُمْ
A group, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Muhammad, from his father, from Abu Muhammad has narrated:
Abu Abdullah-asws having said when asked about the Words of Allah-azwj: (I Swear) by the sun and its clarity [91:1], said: ‘The sun (is a reference to) Rasool-Allah-saww by whom-saww Allah‑azwj Mighty and Majestic enlighten the people – their Religion’.
قَالَ قُلْتُ الْقَمَرِ إِذا تَلاها قَالَ ذَاكَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) تَلَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) وَ نَفَثَهُ بِالْعِلْمِ نَفْثاً
‘He (the narrator) said, ‘I asked, ‘(What about): And (I Swear) the moon when it follows it, [91:2]? He-asws said: ‘That is Amir-Al-Momineen-asws following Rasool-Allah-saww, and emitted/ emanate the knowledge by a radiating (like the moon reflects the rays to the earth which fall on its surface from the sun)’.
قَالَ قُلْتُ وَ النَّهارِ إِذا جَلَّاها قَالَ ذَلِكَ الْإِمَامُ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّةِ فَاطِمَةَ (عليها السلام) يُسْأَلُ عَنْ دِينِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ (صلى الله عليه وآله) فَيُجَلِّيهِ لِمَنْ سَأَلَهُ فَحَكَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَوْلَهُ فَقَالَ وَ النَّهارِ إِذا جَلَّاها
‘He (the narrator) said, ‘I asked, (What about): And the day when it displays it, [91:3]?’ He-asws said: ‘That (is a reference to) the Imams-asws from the descendants of (Syeda) Fatima-asws, whenever asked about the Religion of Rasool-Allah-saww so they-asws enlighten it for the one who has asked (from them-asws). So Allah-azwj has referred it in His-azwj Words by Saying: And the day when it displays it, [91:3]’.
قَالَ قُلْتُ وَ اللَّيْلِ إِذا يَغْشاها قَالَ ذَاكَ أَئِمَّةُ الْجَوْرِ الَّذِينَ اسْتَبَدُّوا بِالْأَمْرِ دُونَ آلِ الرَّسُولِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) وَ جَلَسُوا مَجْلِساً كَانَ آلُ الرَّسُولِ أَوْلَى بِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَغَشُوا دِينَ اللَّهِ بِالظُّلْمِ وَ الْجَوْرِ فَحَكَى اللَّهُ فِعْلَهُمْ فَقَالَ وَ اللَّيْلِ إِذا يَغْشاها
‘He (the narrator) said, ‘I asked, ‘(What about): And the night when it covers it, [91:4]?’ He‑asws said: ‘That (is a reference to) the imams-la of the injustice who tyrannised with the command (government), the Progeny-asws of the Rasool-saww and seated themselves upon a seat which was for the Progeny-asws of the Rasool-saww who-asws were foremost (more deserving) for it than they were. They veiled the Religion of Allah-azwj by the injustices and the tyranny, therefore Allah-azwj has Referred to their deeds by Saying: And the night when it covers it, [91:4]’’. [8]
شرف الدين النجفي، قال: روى علي بن محمد، عن أبي جميلة، عن الحلبي، و رواه أيضا علي ابن الحكم، عن أبان بن عثمان، عن الفضل أبي العباس، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، أنه قال: وَ الشَّمْسِ وَ ضُحاها: «الشمس: أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)، و ضحاها: قيام القائم (عليه السلام)، لأن الله سبحانه قال: وَ أَنْ يُحْشَرَ النَّاسُ ضُحًى
Sharaf Al-Deen Al-Najafy said, ‘It has been reported from Ali Bin Muhammad, from Abu Jameela, from Al-Halby, and it has been reported as well by Ali Ibn Al-hakam, from Aban Bin Usman, from Al-Fazal Abu Al-Abbas, who has narrated:
‘Abu Abdullah-asws has said: ‘(I Swear) by the sun and its clarity [91:1] – The sun is Amir-al-Momineen-asws, and its brightness is the rising of Al-Qaim-asws because Allah-azwj the Glorious Said: and let the people be gathered at forenoon’ [20:59]’.
وَ الْقَمَرِ إِذا تَلاها الحسن و الحسين (عليهما السلام) وَ النَّهارِ إِذا جَلَّاها هو قيام القائم (عليه السلام)
And the moon when it follows it, [91:2] – Are Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws And the day when it displays it, [91:3] – It is the rising of Al-Qaim-asws.
وَ اللَّيْلِ إِذا يَغْشاها حبتر و دولته، قد غشى عليه الحق
And the night when it covers it, [91:4] – Hibter (Abu Bakr) and his government, had covered over the Truth’.[9]
و عنه: عن محمد بن أحمد الكاتب، عن الحسين بن بهرام، عن ليث، عن مجاهد، عن ابن عباس، قال: قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): «مثلي فيكم مثل الشمس، و مثل علي مثل القمر، فإذا غابت الشمس فاهتدوا بالقمر
And from him, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Al-Katib, from Al-Husayn Bin Bahram, from Lays, from Mujahid, from Ibn Abbas who said:
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘My-saww example among you is the example of the Sun, and an example of Ali-asws is an example of the Moon. So if the Sun is absent, then be Guided by the Moon’.[10]
و عنه: عن أحمد بن محمد، عن الحسن بن حماد، بإسناده إلى مجاهد، عن ابن عباس، في قول الله عز و جل: وَ الشَّمْسِ وَ ضُحاها، قال: هو النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله)
And from him, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al-Hassan Bin Hamaad, by his chain going up to Mujahid:
‘From Ibn Abbas regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: (I Swear) by the sun and its clarity [91:1], he said, ‘He-saww is the Prophet-saww’.
وَ الْقَمَرِ إِذا تَلاها، قال: علي بن أبي طالب (عليه السلام)
And the moon when it follows it, [91:2], he said, ‘Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws’.
وَ النَّهارِ إِذا جَلَّاها، [قال]: الحسن و الحسين (عليهما السلام)
And the day when it displays it, [91:3], He said, ‘Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws.
وَ اللَّيْلِ إِذا يَغْشاها بنو أمية
And the night when it covers it, [91:4] – is the clan of Umayya’.
ثم قال ابن عباس: قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): «بعثني الله نبيا، فأتيت بني أمية، فقلت: يا بني أمية، إني رسول الله إليكم، قالوا: كذبت، ما أنت برسول
Then Ibn Abbas said, ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj Sent me-saww as a Prophet-saww, so I‑saww came up to the clan of Umayya and said, ‘O clan of Umayya! I-saww am Rasool-saww of Allah-azwj to you!’ They said, ‘You-saww are lying. You-saww are not Rasool-saww’.
ثم أتيت بني هاشم، فقلت: إني رسول الله إليكم، فآمن بي علي بنأبي طالب (عليه السلام) سرا و جهرا، و حماني أبو طالب جهرا، و آمن بي سرا
Then I-saww came up to the clan of Hashim, and I-saww said: ‘I-saww am a Rasool-saww of Allah-azwj to you. So Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws believed in me-saww privately and openly and Abu Talib‑asws protected me-saww openly, and believed in me-saww privately.
ثم بعث الله جبرئيل (عليه السلام) بلوائه، فركزه في بني هاشم، و بعث إبليس بلوائه فركزه في بني أمية، فلا يزالون أعداءنا، و شيعتهم أعداء شيعتنا إلى يوم القيامة
Then Allah-azwj Sent Jibraeel-as with a banner, so it was established in the Clan of Hashim-as. And Iblees-la was sent with a banner, so it was established in the clan of Umayya. Thus, our enmity will never cease, and their adherents are the enemies of our-asws Shias up to the Day of Judgement’.[11]
VERSES 5 – 8
وَالسَّمَاءِ وَمَا بَنَاهَا {5}
And by the sky and what He Built [91:5]
وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا طَحَاهَا {6}
And by the earth and what He Spread [91:6]
وَنَفْسٍ وَمَا سَوَّاهَا {7}
And by a soul and what He Completed [91:7]
فَأَلْهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقْوَاهَا {8}
Then He Inspired it, it’s scheming and its piety [91:8]
شرف الدين النجفي، قال: روى علي بن محمد، عن أبي جميلة، عن الحلبي، و رواه أيضا علي ابن الحكم، عن أبان بن عثمان، عن الفضل أبي العباس، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، أنه قال: و أما قوله: وَ السَّماءِ وَ ما بَناها، قال: «هو محمد (عليه و آله السلام)، هو السماء الذي يسمو إليه الخلق في العلم
Sharaf Al-Deen Al-Najafy said, ‘It has been reported from Ali Bin Muhammad, from Abu Jameela, from Al-Halby, and it has been reported as well by Ali Ibn Al-hakam, from Aban Bin Usman, from Al-Fazal Abu Al-Abbas, who has narrated:
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: And as for His-azwj Words: And the sky and what He Built [91:5], he‑asws said: ‘He-saww is Muhammad-saww. He-saww is the sky which rises above the creatures regarding the Knowledge’.
و قوله: وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ ما طَحاها، قال: «الأرض: الشيعة
And His-azwj Words: And the earth and what He Spread [91:6], he-asws said: ‘The earth – the Shias’.
وَ نَفْسٍ وَ ما سَوَّاها، قال: «هو المؤمن المستور و هو على الحق
And a soul and what He Completed [91:7] – He-asws said: ‘It is the Momin veiled (under Taqeeya) and he is upon the Truth’.
و قوله: فَأَلْهَمَها فُجُورَها وَ تَقْواها، قال: «عرفت الحق من الباطل، فذلك قوله: وَ نَفْسٍ وَ ما سَوَّاها
And His-azwj Words: Then He Inspired it, it’s scheming and its piety [91:8] – He-asws said; ‘(To) understand the truth from the falsehood, so these are is His-azwj Words: And a soul and what He Completed [91:7]’. [12]
محمد بن يعقوب: عن عدة من أصحابنا، عن أحمد بن محمد بن خالد، عن ابن فضال، عن ثعلبة بن ميمون، عن حمزة بن محمد الطيار، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: فَأَلْهَمَها فُجُورَها وَ تَقْواها، قال: «بين لها ما تأتي و ما تترك
Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from a number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Ibn Fazal, from Sa’albat Bin Maymoun, from Hamza Bin Muhammad Al Tayyar,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Then He Inspired it, it’s scheming and its piety [91:8], said: ‘Explained to it what it should come to (towards the people of Justice) and what it should leave (people of injustice)’’.[13]
فِي مَجْمَعِ الْبَيَانِ وَ رَوَى زُرَارَةُ وَ حُمْرَانُ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ فِي قَوْلِهِ: «فَأَلْهَمَها فُجُورَها وَ تَقْواها» قَالَ: بَيَّنَ لَهَا مَا تَأْتِي وَ مَا تَتْرُكُ
In (the book) Majma Al Bayan – ‘And it is reported by Zurara and Humran and Muhammad Bin Muslim,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws and Abu Abdullah-asws regarding His-azwj Words: Then He Inspired it, it’s immorality and its piety [91:8], said: ‘Explained to it what it should come to (people of Justice) and what it should leave (people of injustice)’.
وَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكَّاها قَالَ: قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ أَطَاعَ
And regarding His-azwj Words: ‘He has succeeded, one who purifies it [91:9], he-asws said: ‘He has succeeded, one who obeyed (people of Justice – the Divine Imams) ’.
وَ قَدْ خابَ مَنْ دَسَّاها قَالَ: قَدْ خَابَ مَنْ عَصَى
And he has failed, one who corrupts it [91:10], he-asws said: ‘He has failed, one who disobeyed’’ (people of Justice – the Divine Imams-asws) .[14]
وَ جَاءَ الرِّوَايَةُ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِلَالٍ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ إِذَا قَرَأَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ «قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكَّاها» وَقَفَ ثُمَّ قَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ آتِ نَفْسِي تَقْوَاهَا أَنْتَ وَلِيُّهَا وَ مَوْلَاهَا، وَ زَكِّهَا أَنْتَ خَيْرُ مَنْ زَكَّاهَا
And there has come the report from Saeed Bin Abu Hilal who said,
‘It was so that whenever Rasool-Allah-saww recited this Verse: He has succeeded, one who purifies it [91:9], he-saww would pause, then say: ‘O Allah-azwj! You-azwj Gave my-saww soul its piety. You-azwj are its Guardian, and its Master-azwj, and Purify it, (for) You-azwj are the best of ones who purify it’’.[15] (a supplication taught to believers).
VERSES 9 & 10
قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكَّاهَا {9}
He has succeeded, one who purifies it [91:9]
وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ دَسَّاهَا {10}
And he has failed, one who corrupts it [91:10]
ثم قال علي بن إبراهيم: حدثنا محمد بن القاسم بن عبيد الله، قال: حدثنا الحسن بن جعفر، قال: حدثنا عثمان بن عبد الله، قال: حدثنا عبد الله بن عبيد الله الفارسي، قال: حدثنا محمد بن علي، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قوله تعالى: قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكَّاها، قال: «أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) زكاه ربه
Then Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘It has been narrated to us from Muhammad Bin Al-Qasim Bin Ubeydullah, from Al-Hassan Bin Ja’far, from Usman Bin Abdullah, from Abdullah Bin Ubeydullah Al-Farsy, from Muhammad Bin Ali, who has said:
‘Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: He has succeeded, one who purifies it [91:9] – He-asws said: ‘Amir-Al-Momineen-asws, Purified by his-asws Lord-azwj’.
وَ قَدْ خابَ مَنْ دَسَّاها، قال: «هو الأول و الثاني في بيعتهما إياه
And he has failed, one who corrupts it [91:10] – He-asws said: ‘They are the first one (Abu Bakr) and the second one (Umar) with regards to their not pledging their allegiances to him‑asws’.[16]
VERSES 11 – 15
كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ بِطَغْوَاهَا {11}
(The people of) Samood belied by their transgression [91:11]
إِذِ انْبَعَثَ أَشْقَاهَا {12}
When it’s wretched one was dispatched (to kill the she-camel) [91:12]
فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ نَاقَةَ اللَّهِ وَسُقْيَاهَا {13}
So a Rasool of Allah said to them: ‘(It is) a she-camel of Allah, and quench it’ [91:13]
فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَعَقَرُوهَا فَدَمْدَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِذَنْبِهِمْ فَسَوَّاهَا {14}
But they belied him, and they hamstrung it, so their Lord Pounded them due to their sins and Levelled it (their town) [91:14]
وَلَا يَخَافُ عُقْبَاهَا {15}
And He does not fear its consequence [91:15]
كنز جامع الفوائد و تأويل الآيات الظاهرة عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ وَ رَوَاهُ أَيْضاً عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وَ الشَّمْسِ وَ ضُحاها الشَّمْسُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع وَ ضُحَاهَا قِيَامُ الْقَائِمِ ع
(The books) ‘Kunz Jamie Al Fawaid’ and ‘Taweel Al Ayaat Al Zaahira’ – Ali Bin Muhammad, from Abu Jameela, from Al Halby, and it is reported as well by Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Aban Bin Usman, from Al Fazl Bin Al Abbas,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘(I Swear) by the sun and its clarity [91:1] – The sun is Amir Al-Momineen-asws and its clarity the rising of Al-Qaim-asws.
وَ الْقَمَرِ إِذا تَلاها الْحَسَنُ وَ الْحُسَيْنُ ع وَ النَّهارِ إِذا جَلَّاها هُوَ قِيَامُ الْقَائِمِ ع وَ اللَّيْلِ إِذا يَغْشاها حَبْتَرٌ وَ دُلَامٌ غَشِيَا عَلَيْهِ الْحَقَّ
And the moon when it follows it, [91:2] – Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws; And the day when it displays it, [91:3] it is rising of Al-Qaim-asws. And the night when it covers it, [91:4] – Hibter (Abu Bakr) and his government, had covered upon the Truth.
وَ أَمَّا قَوْلُهُ وَ السَّماءِ وَ ما بَناها قَالَ هُوَ مُحَمَّدٌ ص هُوَ السَّمَاءُ الَّذِي يَسْمُو إِلَيْهِ الْخَلْقُ فِي الْعِلْمِ
And as for His-azwj Words: And the sky and what He Built [91:5], he-asws said: ‘He-saww is Muhammad-saww. He-saww is the sky which rises above the creatures regarding the Knowledge’.
وَ قَوْلُهُ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ ما طَحاها قَالَ الْأَرْضُ الشِّيعَةُ
And His-azwj Words: And the earth and what He Spread [91:6], he-asws said: ‘The earth – the Shias’.
وَ نَفْسٍ وَ ما سَوَّاها قَالَ هُوَ الْمُؤْمِنُ الْمَسْتُورُ وَ هُوَ عَلَى الْحَقِّ
And a soul and what He Completed [91:7] – He-asws said: ‘It is the Momin veiled (under cover) and (although) he is upon the Truth’.
وَ قَوْلُهُ فَأَلْهَمَها فُجُورَها وَ تَقْواها قَالَ مَعْرِفَةُ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الْبَاطِلِ
And His-azwj Words: Then He Inspired it, it’s immorality and its piety [91:8] – He-asws said; ‘Recognised the truth from the falsehood.
قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكَّاها قَالَ قَدْ أَفْلَحَتْ نَفْسٌ زَكَّاهَا اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ قَدْ خابَ مَنْ دَسَّاها اللَّهُ
He has succeeded, one who purifies it [91:9], he-asws said: ‘He has succeeded, a soul whom Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Purified, And he has failed, one who corrupts it [91:10], Allah-azwj.
وَ قَوْلُهُ كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ بِطَغْواها قَالَ ثَمُودُ رَهْطٌ مِنَ الشِّيعَةِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ سُبْحَانَ يَقُولُ وَ أَمَّا ثَمُودُ فَهَدَيْناهُمْ فَاسْتَحَبُّوا الْعَمى عَلَى الْهُدى فَأَخَذَتْهُمْ صاعِقَةُ الْعَذابِ الْهُونِ فَهُوَ السَّيْفُ إِذَا قَامَ الْقَائِمُ ع
(The people of) Samood belied by their transgression [91:11], he-asws said: ‘(People of) Samood were a group of the Shia, as Allah-azwj the Glorious Says: And as for Samood, so We Guided them, but they loved the blindness over the Guidance, so the abasing Punishment of the thunderbolt seized [41:17] – it is the sword when Al-Qaim-asws rises.
وَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى فَقالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ هُوَ النَّبِيُّ ص ناقَةَ اللَّهِ وَ سُقْياها قَالَ النَّاقَةُ الْإِمَامُ الَّذِي فَهَّمَهُمْ عَنِ اللَّهِ وَ سُقْياها أَيْ عِنْدَهُ مُسْتَقَى الْعِلْمِ
And Words of the Exalted: So a Rasool of Allah said to them:’ [91:13] – and it is the Prophet-saww, ‘(It is) a she-camel of Allah, and quench it’ [91:13]. He-asws said: ‘The camel is the Imam-asws who gives them understanding from Allah-azwj, and quench it, i.e., with him-asws is the quenching of the knowledge’.
فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَعَقَرُوها فَدَمْدَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِذَنْبِهِمْ فَسَوَّاها قَالَ فِي الرَّجْعَةِ وَ لا يَخافُ عُقْباها قَالَ لَا يَخَافُ مِنْ مِثْلِهَا إِذَا رَجَعَ
But they belied him, and they hamstrung it, so their Lord Pounded them due to their sins and Levelled it (their town) [91:14], he-asws said: ‘During the Return (Raj’at)’. And He does not fear its consequence [91:15], he-asws said: ‘He-azwj does not fear the like of it when it returns’’.[17]
The story of Prophet Salih-as
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ (عليه السلام) قَالَ مَا أَهْلَكَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَوْماً قَطُّ حَتَّى يَبْعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ الرُّسُلَ
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al-Abbas, from Al-Hassan Bin Abdul Rahmaan, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza, who has narrated:
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic does not Destroy a people at all until He-azwj Sends to them, before that, the Rasool-as.
فَيَحْتَجُّوا عَلَيْهِمْ فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِمْ صَالِحاً فَدَعَاهُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ فَلَمْ يُجِيبُوا وَ عَتَوْا عَلَيْهِ وَ قَالُوا لَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لَكَ حَتَّى تُخْرِجَ لَنَا مِنْ هَذِهِ الصَّخْرَةِ نَاقَةً عُشَرَاءَ وَ كَانَتِ الصَّخْرَةُ يُعَظِّمُونَهَا وَ يَعْبُدُونَهَا وَ يُذَبِّحُونَ عِنْدَهَا فِي رَأْسِ كُلِّ سَنَةٍ وَ يَجْتَمِعُونَ عِنْدَهَا فَقَالُوا لَهُ إِنْ كُنْتَ كَمَا تَزْعُمُ نَبِيّاً رَسُولًا فَادْعُ لَنَا إِلَهَكَ حَتَّى تُخْرَجَ لَنَا مِنْ هَذِهِ الصَّخْرَةِ الصَّمَّاءِ نَاقَةٌ عُشَرَاءُ فَأَخْرَجَهَا اللَّهُ كَمَا طَلَبُوا مِنْهُ
They argued against them (the Rasools-as), so Allah-azwj Sent Salih-as to them. He-as called them towards Allah-azwj. They did not respond and were insolent to him-as, and said, ‘We will not believe you-as until you-as bring out for us from this rock a tame she-camel. And it was a rock which they used to magnify and worship and make their sacrifices near to its peak every year, and they used to gather around it. They said, ‘If you-as are as you are alleging to be, a Prophet-as, a Rasool-as, so call upon your-as Lord-azwj for us until He-azwj Brings out for us from this solid rock a tame she-camel’. So Allah-azwj Brought it out as they had sought from him-as.
ثُمَّ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يَا صَالِحُ قُلْ لَهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ جَعَلَ لِهَذِهِ النَّاقَةِ [مِنَ الْمَاءِ] شِرْبَ يَوْمٍ وَ لَكُمْ شِرْبَ يَوْمٍ وَ كَانَتِ النَّاقَةُ إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ شِرْبِهَا شَرِبَتِ الْمَاءَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ فَيَحْلُبُونَهَا فَلَا يَبْقَى صَغِيرٌ وَ لَا كَبِيرٌ إِلَّا شَرِبَ مِنْ لَبَنِهَا يَوْمَهُمْ ذَلِكَ فَإِذَا كَانَ اللَّيْلُ وَ أَصْبَحُوا غَدَوْا إِلَى مَائِهِمْ فَشَرِبُوا مِنْهُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ وَ لَمْ تَشْرَبِ النَّاقَةُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ فَمَكَثُوا بِذَلِكَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ
Then Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Revealed unto him-as: “O Salih-as! Tell them that Allah-azwj has Made a share for this she-camel, from the water, that it would drink from it one day and you would drink from it the next day”. And the day which was designated for the she-camel to drink, it would drink the water during that day. They would then milk her, and there did not remain any young one or old one except that he drank from her milk in the day of theirs when it was the night time. And in the morning they would drink from the water, and the she-camel would not drink from it during that day. So that situation prevailed until such time as Allah-azwj so Desired it to.
ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ عَتَوْا عَلَى اللَّهِ وَ مَشَى بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ وَ قَالُوا اعْقِرُوا هَذِهِ النَّاقَةَ وَ اسْتَرِيحُوا مِنْهَا لَا نَرْضَى أَنْ يَكُونَ لَنَا شِرْبُ يَوْمٍ وَ لَهَا شِرْبُ يَوْمٍ ثُمَّ قَالُوا مَنِ الَّذِي يَلِي قَتْلَهَا وَ نَجْعَلَ لَهُ جُعْلًا مَا أَحَبَّ فَجَاءَهُمْ رَجُلٌ أَحْمَرُ أَشْقَرُ أَزْرَقُ وَلَدُ زِنًى لَا يُعْرَفُ لَهُ أَبٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ قُدَارٌ شَقِيٌّ مِنَ الْأَشْقِيَاءِ مَشْئُومٌ عَلَيْهِمْ فَجَعَلُوا لَهُ جُعْلًا
Then they rebelled against Allah-azwj and some of them walked towards the others and said, ‘Slay this she-camel, and be relaxed from it. We are not happy that there should be a day for us to drink and a day for it to drink’. Then they looked around for someone who could slay it, and made for him (a reward) of what he loved. So there came to them a red, blonde, blue-eyed man, of an adulterous birth, whose father was unknown, called Qudaar, being a wretched one of all wretched ones of a sinister character, so they made up for him a reward for it.
فَلَمَّا تَوَجَّهَتِ النَّاقَةُ إِلَى الْمَاءِ الَّذِي كَانَتْ تَرِدُهُ تَرَكَهَا حَتَّى شَرِبَتِ الْمَاءَ وَ أَقْبَلَتْ رَاجِعَةً فَقَعَدَ لَهَا فِي طَرِيقِهَا فَضَرَبَهَا بِالسَّيْفِ ضَرْبَةً فَلَمْ تَعْمَلْ شَيْئاً فَضَرَبَهَا ضَرْبَةً أُخْرَى فَقَتَلَهَا وَ خَرَّتْ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ عَلَى جَنْبِهَا وَ هَرَبَ فَصِيلُهَا حَتَّى صَعِدَ إِلَى الْجَبَلِ فَرَغَى ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ
When the she-camel headed towards the water to drink from it, he left it until it had drunk the water. When it returned, he sat waiting for it upon its path. He struck her with the sword but it did not kill her. So, he struck at it again and killed her and it fell down upon the earth on its side, and its young ones fled until they sat upon the mountain. They cried out three times towards the sky.
وَ أَقْبَلَ قَوْمُ صَالِحٍ فَلَمْ يَبْقَ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا شَرِكَهُ فِي ضَرْبَتِهِ وَ اقْتَسَمُوا لَحْمَهَا فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ فَلَمْ يَبْقَ مِنْهُمْ صَغِيرٌ وَ لَا كَبِيرٌ إِلَّا أَكَلَ مِنْهَا فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ صَالِحٌ أَقْبَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ يَا قَوْمِ مَا دَعَاكُمْ إِلَى مَا صَنَعْتُمْ أَ عَصَيْتُمْ رَبَّكُمْ
And the people of Salih-as came over. There did not remain anyone from them except that he participated in hitting it, and they distributed its meat in between themselves. There did not remain anyone from them, whether young or old except that he ate from it. So when Salih-as saw that, he-as came up to them and said, ‘O People! What called you all to do what you have done and rebelled against your Lord-azwj?’
فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى إِلَى صَالِحٍ (عليه السلام) أَنَّ قَوْمَكَ قَدْ طَغَوْا وَ بَغَوْا وَ قَتَلُوا نَاقَةً بَعَثْتُهَا إِلَيْهِمْ حُجَّةً عَلَيْهِمْ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا ضَرَرٌ وَ كَانَ لَهُمْ مِنْهَا أَعْظَمُ الْمَنْفَعَةِ فَقُلْ لَهُمْ إِنِّي مُرْسِلٌ عَلَيْكُمْ عَذَابِي إِلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فَإِنْ هُمْ تَابُوا وَ رَجَعُوا قَبِلْتُ تَوْبَتَهُمْ وَ صَدَدْتُ عَنْهُمْ وَ إِنْ هُمْ لَمْ يَتُوبُوا وَ لَمْ يَرْجِعُوا بَعَثْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ عَذَابِي فِي الْيَوْمِ الثَّالِثِ
Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted unto Salih-as: “Your-as people have been tyrannous and rebellious, and killed the she-camel that was Sent to them as a Proof to them, and there was no harm in it for them, and there were great benefits from it for them. So tell them that I-azwj will be Sending upon you all My-azwj Punishment after three days. So they were to repent and return (from their ways), I-azwj shall Accept their repentance and Prevent it from them, and if they do not repent and do not return (from their ways), I-azwj will Send to them My-azwj Punishment on the third day”.
فَأَتَاهُمْ صَالِحٌ (عليه السلام) فَقَالَ لَهُمْ يَا قَوْمِ إِنِّي رَسُولُ رَبِّكُمْ إِلَيْكُمْ وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ لَكُمْ إِنْ أَنْتُمْ تُبْتُمْ وَ رَجَعْتُمْ وَ اسْتَغْفَرْتُمْ غَفَرْتُ لَكُمْ وَ تُبْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ فَلَمَّا قَالَ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ كَانُوا أَعْتَى مَا كَانُوا وَ أَخْبَثَ وَ قَالُوا يا صالِحُ ائْتِنا بِما تَعِدُنا إِنْ كُنْتَ مِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ [الصَّادِقِينَ] قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ إِنَّكُمْ تُصْبِحُونَ غَداً وَ وُجُوهُكُمْ مُصْفَرَّةٌ وَ الْيَوْمَ الثَّانِيَ وُجُوهُكُمْ مُحْمَرَّةٌ وَ الْيَوْمَ الثَّالِثَ وُجُوهُكُمْ مُسْوَدَّةٌ
Salih-as came and said to them: ‘O people! I-as am a Rasool-as of your Lord-azwj. He-azwj is Saying to you all that if you were to repent and return (from your ways) and seek Forgiveness, He‑azwj would Forgive you all and Turn towards you (Mercifully)’. So when he-as said that to them they became more rebellious and treacherous than what they had been and said, ‘O Salih-as! Let it come to us, what you-as are calling for us, if you-as are from the Rasools-as, the truthful ones’. He-as said: ‘O people! When you wake up tomorrow morning your faces would be yellow, and on the second day your faces would be red, and on the third day your faces would be black’.
فَلَمَّا أَنْ كَانَ أَوَّلُ يَوْمٍ أَصْبَحُوا وَ وُجُوهُهُمْ مُصْفَرَّةٌ فَمَشَى بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ وَ قَالُوا قَدْ جَاءَكُمْ مَا قَالَ لَكُمْ صَالِحٌ فَقَالَ الْعُتَاةُ مِنْهُمْ لَا نَسْمَعُ قَوْلَ صَالِحٍ وَ لَا نَقْبَلُ قَوْلَهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ عَظِيماً
When it was the morning of the first day and their faces turned yellow, some of them walked towards the others and said, ‘There has come upon you what Salih-as had spoken of’. So the rebellious ones among them said, ‘We will not listen to the words of Salih-as and will not accept his-as words, even though they may be great’.
فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْيَوْمُ الثَّانِي أَصْبَحَتْ وُجُوهُهُمْ مُحْمَرَّةً فَمَشَى بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ فَقَالُوا يَا قَوْمِ قَدْ جَاءَكُمْ مَا قَالَ لَكُمْ صَالِحٌ فَقَالَ الْعُتَاةُ مِنْهُمْ لَوْ أُهْلِكْنَا جَمِيعاً مَا سَمِعْنَا قَوْلَ صَالِحٍ وَ لَا تَرَكْنَا آلِهَتَنَا الَّتِي كَانَ آبَاؤُنَا يَعْبُدُونَهَا وَ لَمْ يَتُوبُوا وَ لَمْ يَرْجِعُوا
When it was the morning of the second day and their faces turned red, some of them walked towards the others and said, ‘O people! There has come upon you what Salih-as had spoken about for you all’. The rebellious ones among them said, ‘Even if we were all to be destroyed, we will not listen to the words of Salih-as nor will we leave our gods which our forefathers had been worshipping, nor will we repent, nor will we return (from our ways)’.
فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْيَوْمُ الثَّالِثُ أَصْبَحُوا وَ وُجُوهُهُمْ مُسْوَدَّةٌ فَمَشَى بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ وَ قَالُوا يَا قَوْمِ أَتَاكُمْ مَا قَالَ لَكُمْ صَالِحٌ فَقَالَ الْعُتَاةُ مِنْهُمْ قَدْ أَتَانَا مَا قَالَ لَنَا صَالِحٌ
When it was the morning of the third day and their faces turned black. Some of them walked towards the others and said, ‘O people! There has come upon you what Salih-as had spoken of for you all’. The rebellious ones from among them said, ‘Let it come upon us what Salih-as had said to us’.
فَلَمَّا كَانَ نِصْفُ اللَّيْلِ أَتَاهُمْ جَبْرَئِيلُ (عليه السلام) فَصَرَخَ بِهِمْ صَرْخَةً خَرَقَتْ تِلْكَ الصَّرْخَةُ أَسْمَاعَهُمْ وَ فَلَقَتْ قُلُوبَهُمْ وَ صَدَعَتْ أَكْبَادَهُمْ وَ قَدْ كَانُوا فِي تِلْكَ الثَّلَاثَةِ الْأَيَّامِ قَدْ تَحَنَّطُوا وَ تَكَفَّنُوا وَ عَلِمُوا أَنَّ الْعَذَابَ نَازِلٌ بِهِمْ فَمَاتُوا أَجْمَعُونَ فِي طَرْفَةِ عَيْنٍ صَغِيرُهُمْ وَ كَبِيرُهُمْ فَلَمْ يَبْقَ لَهُمْ نَاعِقَةٌ وَ لَا رَاغِيَةٌ وَ لَا شَيْءٌ إِلَّا أَهْلَكَهُ اللَّهُ فَأَصْبَحُوا فِي دِيَارِهِمْ وَ مَضَاجِعِهِمْ مَوْتَى أَجْمَعِينَ ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مَعَ الصَّيْحَةِ النَّارَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَأَحْرَقَتْهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ وَ كَانَتْ هَذِهِ قِصَّتَهُمْ
When it was the middle of the night, Jibraeel-as came upon them and screamed out a loud scream at them which broke their eardrums, and split their hearts, and ruptured their livers. And during those three days they had been applying camphor upon themselves, and shrouding themselves, and they knew that the Punishment would be descending upon them. All of them died in the blink of an eye, their young ones as well as their old ones. There did not remain for them a she-camel, or a sheep, or anything except that Allah-azwj Destroyed it. They had all died in their homes and on their beds. Then Allah-azwj Sent upon them Fire along with the Scream from the sky. So, it burnt all of them, and this was their story’.[18]
The slayer of the she-camel
ابن شهر آشوب: عن أبي بكر بن مردويه في (فضائل أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)، و أبو بكر الشيرازي في (نزول القرآن): أنه قال سعيد بن المسيب: كان علي (عليه السلام) يقرأ «إِذِ انْبَعَثَ أَشْقاها فو الذي نفسي بيده لتخضبن هذه من هذا
Ibn Shehr Ashub, from Abu Bakr Bin Marduwiya in ‘Fazaail Amir-ul-Momineen-asws, and Abu Bakr Al-Shirazy in ‘Nuzool Al-Quran’, from Saeed Bin Al-Musayyab, who has said:
‘Ali-asws recited: When it’s wretched one was dispatched (to kill the she-camel) [91:12], said: ‘By the One in Whose Hand is my-asws soul, it is the dyeing of this (beard) from this (blood of the head)’.[19]
و روى الثعلبي و الواحدي، بإسنادهما، عن عمار و عن عثمان بن صهيب، و عن الضحاك، و روى ابن مردويه بإسناده، عن جابر بن سمرة، و عن صهيب، و عن عمار، و عن ابن عدي، و عن الضحاك، و روي الخطيب في (التاريخ) عن جابر بن سمرة، و روى الطبري و الموصلي، عن عمار، و روى أحمد بن حنبل، عن الضحاك، أنه قال: قال النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله): «يا علي، أشقى الأولين عاقر الناقة، و أشقى الآخرين قاتلك
And it has been reported by Al-Sa’alby and Al-Wahidy, by both their chains, from Amaar, and from Usman Bin Saheyb, and from Zahaak. And it has been reported from Ibn Mardawiya by his chain, from Jabir Bin Samrat, and from Saheyb, and from Amaar, and from Ibn Udayy, and from Al-Zahaak. And it has been reported from Al-Kahteyb in ‘Al-Tareekh’, from Jabir Bin Samrat. And it has been reported from Al-Tabari and Al-Mowsay, from Amaar. And it has been reported from Ahmad Bin Hanbal-from Al-Zahaak who said,
‘The Prophet-saww said: ‘O Ali-asws! The most unfortunate of the former ones is the slayer of the she-camel, and most unfortunate one of the later ones would be your-asws murderer’.[20]
ثم قال علي بن إبراهيم: و في رواية أبي الجارود، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام) في قوله تعالى: كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ بِطَغْواها يقول: «الطغيان حمله على التكذيب
Then Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘And in a report of Abu Al jaroud,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: (The people of) Samood belied by their transgression [91:11] – he-asws said: ‘The transgression carried him upon the belying’’.[21]
[1] تفسير القمي، ج2، ص: 424
[2] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 24, The book of Imamate, P 1 Ch 30 H 4
[3] (ثواب الأعمال: 123)
[4] Tafseer Al Burhan – H 11657
[5] (خواص القرآن: 14 «مخطوط»)
[6] تفسير نور الثقلين، ج5، ص: 586 – 2
[7] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 24, The book of Imamate, P 1 Ch 30 H 10
[8] Al Kafi – V 8 H 14460
[9] تأويل الآيات 2: 803/ 1. (Extract)
[10] (تأويل الآيات 2: 806/ 5.)
[11] (تأويل الآيات 2: 806/ 6)
[12] تأويل الآيات 2: 803/ 1. (Extract)
[13] الكافي 1: 124/ 3
[14] تفسير نور الثقلين، ج5، ص: 586 – 7
[15] تفسير نور الثقلين، ج5، ص: 586 – 8
[16] (تفسير القمّي 2: 424.)
[17] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 24, The book of Imamate, P 1 Ch 30 H 6
[18] Al Kafi – H 14662 (Extract)
[19] (المناقب 3: 309.)
[20] (المناقب 3: 309.)
[21] تفسير القمّي 2: 424.