CHAPTER 92
(The Night)
(21 VERSES)
VERSES 1 – 21
بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ
Brief Introduction of Al-Layl (92):
Sura Al-Layl (21 verses) was revealed in Makkah.[1] Abu Jafar-asws was asked about the Word of Allah-azwj, the Mighty and Sublime: “And the night when it covers (92:1).” He-asws said: The night in this place is so-and-so attacked Amir Al-Momineen-asws during the reign that he had over him-asws. The believers are patient in their state until it ends. He-asws said: “And the day when it appears (92:2).” He-asws said: The day is the Qaim-ajfj from us-asws, the people of the house. When he-ajfj rises, his-ajfj goverment will overcome falsehood. Abu Abdullah-asws said: Regarding His-azwj Statement, “So I have warned you of a blazing Fire (92:14), none shall enter it except the most wretched who denied and turned away,” he-asws said: In Hell there is a valley in which there is a Fire, none shall enter it except the most wretched [i.e. so-and-so] who denied Rasool Allah-saww. He-saww declared Ali-asws (his-saww successor) but he (Abu Bakr) took over his-asws authority, then he-asws said: The fires of this valley are exlusively for the Nusab (the enemies of Ahl Al-Bayt-asws).[2]
MERITS
ابن بابويه: بإسناده، عن معاوية بن عمار، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: «من أكثر قراءة (و الشمس) و (و الليل إذا يغشى) و (و الضحى) و (ألم نشرح) في يوم أو ليلة، لم يبق شيء بحضرته إلا شهد له يوم القيامة، حتى شعره و بشره و لحمه و دمه و عروقه و عصبه و عظامه، و كل ما أقلته الأرض معه
Ibn Babuwayh, by his chain, from Muawiya Bin Amaar, who has said:
‘Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The one who frequents in reciting: (I Swear) by the sun and its brightness [91:1] (Surah Al-Shams), and (I Swear) by the night when enveloping [92:1] (Surah Al-Layl), and (I Swear) by the clarity [93:1] (Surah Al-Zoha), and Did We not Expand your chest for you? [94:1] (Surah Al-Inshirah), during a day or night, there would not remain anything in his presence except it would testify for him on the Day of Judgment, to the extent of his hair, and his skin, and his flesh, and his blood, and his veins, and his nerves, and his bones, and all what the ground carried with him.
و يقول الرب تبارك و تعالى: قبلت شهادتكم لعبدي، و أجزتها له، انطلقوا به إلى جناني حتى يتخير منها حيث ما أحب، فأعطوه [إياها] من غير من، و لكن رحمة مني و فضلا عليه، و هنيئا لعبدي
And the Lord-azwj Blessed and Exalted would be Saying: ‘I-azwj Accept your testimonies for My-azwj servant) and would Recompense him for it. Go with him to My-azwj Garden unto he chooses from it wherever he loves to be, and I-azwj would Give it to him from without a Favour, but as a Mercy from Me-azwj and a Grace upon him. And congratulations to My-azwj servant!”’.[3]
و قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): «من كان قليل التوفيق فليدمن قراءتها، يوفقه الله أينما توجه، و فيها منافع كثيرة، و حفظ و قبول عند جميع الناس
And Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The one who was of little inclination so he should habitually recite it (Surah Al-Layl), Allah-azwj would Guide him wherever he may go, and therein are numerous benefits, and memory, and acceptance in the presence of all the people’.[4]
و من (خواص القرآن): روي عن النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله) أنه قال: «من قرأ هذه السورة أعطاه الله تعالى حتى يرضى، و أزال عنه العسر، و يسر له اليسر، و أغناه من فضله
And from Khawas Al-Quran:
It has been reported from the Prophet-saww having said: ‘One who recites this Chapter (Surah Al-Layl), would be Given (so much) by Allah-azwj until he is happy, and the difficulties would pass away from him, and the ease would come quickly to him, and will become needless from His-azwj Grace.
و من قرأها قبل أن ينام خمس عشرة مرة، لم ير في منامه إلا ما يحب من الخير، و لا يرى في منامه سوءا
And one who recites it (Surah Al-Layl) fifteen times before he sleeps, will not see in his dream except what he likes from the good, nor will he see anything evil in his dream.
و من صلى بها في العشاء الآخرة كأنما صلى بربع القرآن، و قبلت صلاته
And the one who prays Salat with it in last Al-Isha Salat, it would be as if he has prayed with a quarter of the Quran, and his Salat would be Accepted’.[5]
و قال الصادق (عليه السلام): «من قرأها خمس عشرة مرة، لم ير ما يكره، و نام بخير، و آمنه الله تعالى
And Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘One recites it (Surah Al-Layl) fifteen times, would not see (in his dream) what he abhors, and he will sleep well, and Allah-azwj the Exalted would Keep him Safe.
و من قرأها في أذن مغشي عليه أو مصروع، أفاق من ساعته
And one who recites in the ear of the one who fell unconscious or had an epileptic fit, he would come around at that time’.[6]
VERSES 1 – 4
وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَىٰ {1}
(I Swear) by the night when it spreads (overcomes) [92:1]
وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّىٰ {2}
And (I Swear) by the day (a special day) when it (is going to) light-up (the truth/Justice) [92:2]
وَمَا خَلَقَ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنْثَىٰ {3}
And what is Created of the male (a particular male) and the female (a particular female) [92:3]
إِنَّ سَعْيَكُمْ لَشَتَّىٰ {4}
Surely, your striving is different (ways) [92:4]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ اللَّيْلِ إِذا يَغْشى وَ النَّجْمِ إِذا هَوى وَ مَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hammad, from Muhammad Bin Muslim who said,
‘I said to Abu Ja’far-asws, ‘The Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic (regarding Swearing of Allah-azwj): (I Swear) by the night when it overcomes [92:1] (I Swear) by the star when it swoops down [53:1], and what resembles that’.
فَقَالَ إِنَّ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يُقْسِمَ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ بِمَا شَاءَ وَ لَيْسَ لِخَلْقِهِ أَنْ يُقْسِمُوا إِلَّا بِهِ
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Swears from His-azwj creation with whatsoever He-azwj so Desires to, and it is not (appropriate) for His-azwj creatures that they should be swearing except by Him-azwj’.[7]
ثم قال علي بن إبراهيم: أخبرنا أحمد بن إدريس، قال: حدثنا محمد بن عبد الجبار، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن حماد بن عثمان، عن محمد بن مسلم، قال: سألت أبا جعفر (عليه السلام) عن قول الله عز و جل: وَ اللَّيْلِ إِذا يَغْشى، قال: «الليل في هذا الموضع الثاني، يغشي أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) في دولته التي جرت له عليه، و أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) يصبر في دولتهم حتى تنقضي
Then Ali Bin Ibrahim said – It has been narrated from Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hamaad Bin Usman, from Muhammad Bin Muslim who said:
‘I asked Abu Ja’far-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: (I Swear) by the night when it overcomes [92:1], he-asws said: ‘The night in this subject, is the second one (Umar). He disregarded (the rights) Amir Al-Momineen-asws during his government, which flowed to him (from Abu Bakr). And Amir Al-Momineen-asws was patient during his government until it lapsed’.
قال: وَ النَّهارِ إِذا تَجَلَّى، قال: «النهار هو القائم (عليه السلام) منا أهل البيت، إذا قام غلبت دولته دولة الباطل
I asked (what about), ‘And the day when it is displayed [92:2]’. He-asws said: ‘The day is Al-Qaim-asws from us-asws – the People-asws of the Household, when he-asws rises his-asws government would overcome the governments of the falsehood.
و القرآن ضرب فيه الأمثال للناس، و خاطب نبيه به و نحن، فليس يعلمه غيرنا
And the Quran has Given examples regarding this for the people, and has Addressed His-azwj Prophet-saww by it and us-asws. So, no one else knows it apart from us-asws’.[8]
في كتاب المناقب لابن شهر آشوب الباقر عليه السلام في قوله: ” وما خلق الذكر والانثى ” فالذكر امير المؤمنين والانثى فاطمة عليهما السلام ان سعيكم لشتى لمختلف
In the book Al-Manaqib of Ibn Shehr Ashub:
‘Al-Baqir-asws regarding His-azwj Words: And what is Created of the male (a particular male) and the female (a particular female) [92:3], so the male is Amir Al-Momineen-asws and the female is (Syeda) Fatima-asws. Surely, your striving is various [92:4] – different (types)’’. [9]
شرف الدين النجفي: في معنى السورة، قال: جاء مرفوعا، عن عمرو بن شمر، عن جابر بن يزيد، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قوله تعالى: وَ اللَّيْلِ إِذا يَغْشى، قال: دولة إبليس لعنه الله إلى يوم القيامة، و هو يوم قيام القائم (عليه السلام)
Sharaf Al-Deen Al-Najafy, regarding the meaning of the Chapter, said that it has come with an unbroken chain, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir Bin Yazeed, who has said:
‘Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: (I Swear) by the night when it overcomes [92:1], he-asws said: ‘The government of Iblees-la, may Allah-azwj Curse him-la, up to the Day of Judgement. And it is the day of the rising of Al-Qaim-asws.
وَ النَّهارِ إِذا تَجَلَّى، و هو القائم (عليه السلام) إذا قام
And the day when it is displayed [92:2], and he-asws is Al-Qaim-asws when he-asws rises’’.[10]
The altered Verse
و روى بإسناد متصل إلى سليمان بن سماعة، عن عبد الله بن القاسم، عن سماعة بن مهران، قال: قال أبو عبد الله (عليه السلام): «و الليل إذا يغشى، و النهار إذا تجلى، الله خلق الزوجين الذكر و الأنثى، و لعلي الآخرة و الأولى
And it has been reported by a chain going up to Auleyman Bin Sama’at, from Abdullah Bin Al-Qasim, from Sama’at Bin Mahran who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘(I Swear) by the night when it overcomes [92:1] And the day when it is displayed [92:2] Allah Created the two pairs, the male and the female [92:3] And for Ali is the Hereafter and the closeness [92:13]’.[11]
VERSES 5 – 7
فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَىٰ وَاتَّقَىٰ {5}
So, as for one who gives and fears (Allah) [92:5]
وَصَدَّقَ بِالْحُسْنَىٰ {6}
And ratifies the most excellent [92:6]
فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْيُسْرَىٰ {7}
So We will be Facilitating him to the ease (in the Hereafter) [92:7]
و عنه، قال: أخبرنا أحمد بن إدريس، قال: حدثنا أحمد بن محمد، عن الحسين بن سعيد، عن محمد بن الحضيني، عن خالد بن يزيد، عن عبد الأعلى، عن أبي الخطاب، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قوله تعالى: فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطى وَ اتَّقى وَ صَدَّقَ بِالْحُسْنى، قال: «بالولاية» فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْيُسْرى
And from him, (Ali Bin Ibrahim) who said, ‘It was informed to us by Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Muhammad Bin Al Hazeyni, from Khalid Bin Yazeed, from Abdul A’ala, from Abu Al Khattab,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: So, as for one who gives and fears [92:5] And ratifies the most excellent [92:6], he-asws said: ‘(Ratifies) the Wilayah’. So We will be Facilitating him to the ease [92:7]’’.[12]
في كتاب المناقب لابن شهر آشوب الباقر عليه السلام في قوله: فأما من اعطى واتقى وصدق بالحسنى بقوته وصام حتى وفى بنذره وتصدق بخاتمه وهو راكع، وآثر المقداد بالدينار على نفسه
In the book Al-Manaqib of Ibn Shehr Ashub:
‘Al-Baqir-asws regarding His-azwj Words: So, as for one who gives and fears [92:5] And ratifies the most excellent [92:6], with his-asws meal, and Fasted until he fulfilled his vow, and gave in charity with his-asws ring while he-asws was performing Ruku, and preferred Al-Miqdad with the Dinar over himself-asws’.
قال: ” وصدق بالحسنى ” وهى الجنة والثواب من الله بنفسه فسنيسره لذلك بأن جعله اماما في القبر وقدوة بالائمة يسره الله لليسرى
He-asws said: ‘And ratifies the most excellent [92:6] – and it is the Paradise and the Rewards from Allah-azwj by himself-asws, So We will be Facilitating him [92:7] – due to that, by Making him-asws an Imam-asws in the grave and a Guide along with the Imams-asws, Facilitating him to the ease [92:7]’’.[13]
شرف الدين النجفي: في معنى السورة، قال: جاء مرفوعا، عن عمرو بن شمر، عن جابر بن يزيد، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قوله تعالى: فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطى وَ اتَّقى أعطى نفسه الحق، و اتقى الباطل فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْيُسْرى، أي الجنة
Sharaf Al-Deen Al-Najafy, regarding the meaning of the Chapter, said that it has come with an unbroken chain, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir Bin Yazeed, who has said:
‘Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: So, as for one who gives and fears [92:5] – gives himself the Truth (Wilayah), and fears the falsehood (enemies of Allah-azwj), So We will be Facilitating him to the ease [92:7] – i.e., (to) the Paradise’’.[14]
16- فر، تفسير فرات بن إبراهيم عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَفْصٍ الْأَعْشَى مُعَنْعَناً عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عِيسَى الْأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَ: كُنْتُ جَالِساً مَعَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع بَعْدَ أَنْ صَلَّيْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ص الْعَصْرَ بِهَفَوَاتَ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ قَدْ قَصَدْتُكَ فِي حَاجَةٍ لِي أُرِيدُ أَنْ تَمْضِيَ مَعِي فِيهَا إِلَى صَاحِبِهَا فَقَالَ لَهُ قف [قُلْ]
Tafseer Furat Bin Ibrahim – Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Abu Hafs Al Asha, transmitting from Musa Bin Isa Al Ansari who said,
‘I was seated with Amir Al-Momineen Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws after we had prayed Al-Asr Salat with the Prophet-saww with lapses. A man came to him-asws and said to him-asws, ‘O Abu Al-Hassan-asws! I have aimed to you-asws regarding a need for me. I want you-asws to go with me to its owner regarding it’. He-asws said to him: ‘Speak’.
قَالَ إِنِّي سَاكِنٌ فِي دَارٍ لِرَجُلٍ فِيهَا نَخْلَةٌ وَ إِنَّهُ يَهِيجُ الرِّيحُ فَيَسْقُطُ مِنْ ثَمَرِهَا بَلْحٌ وَ بُسْرٌ وَ رُطَبٌ وَ تَمْرٌ وَ يَصْعَدُ الطَّيْرُ فَيُلْقِي مِنْهُ وَ أَنَا آكُلُ مِنْهُ وَ يَأْكُلُونَ مِنْهُ الصِّبْيَانُ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ نَبْخَسَهَا بِقَصَبٍ أَوْ نَرْمِيَهَا بِحَجَرٍ فَاسْأَلْهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَنِي فِي حِلٍّ
He said, ‘I am settled in the house of a man wherein is a palm tree, and the wind stirs, so its fruit falls from it, unripe, and partially ripe, and ripe, and dried dates; and the bird ascends, and it throws from it, and I eat from it, and the children also eat from it, from without breaking it with a stick or throwing stones at it. So, ask him (owner) if he would make me to be in permission’.
قَالَ انْهَضْ بِنَا فَنَهَضْتُ مَعَهُ فَجِئْنَا إِلَى الرَّجُلِ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع فَرَحَّبَ وَ فَرِحَ بِهِ وَ سُرَّ وَ قَالَ فِيمَا جِئْتَ يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ قَالَ جِئْتُكَ فِي حَاجَةٍ قَالَ تُقْضَى إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ فَمَا هِيَ
He-asws said: ‘Get up with us!’ I (also) got up with him-asws and we went to the man. Amir Al-Momineen Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws greeted unto him. He was welcoming and rejoiced with him-asws and was cheerful, and said, ‘What have you-asws come for, O Abu Al-Hassan-asws?’ He-asws said: ‘I-asws have come regarding a need’. He said, ‘It shall be fulfilled, if Allah-azwj so Desires! So, what is it?’
قَالَ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ سَاكِنٌ فِي دَارٍ لَكَ فِي مَوْضِعِ كَذَا ذَكَرَ أَنَّ فِيهَا نَخْلَةً فَإِنَّهُ يَهِيجُ الرِّيحُ فَيَسْقُطُ مِنْهَا بَلْحٌ وَ بُسْرٌ وَ رُطَبٌ وَ تَمْرٌ وَ يَصْعَدُ الطَّيْرُ فَيُلْقِي مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ غَيْرِ حَجَرٍ يَرْمِيهَا بِهِ أَوْ قَصَبَةٍ يَبْخَسُهَا فَاجْعَلْهُ فِي حِلٍّ فَتَأَبَّى عَنْ ذَلِكَ
He-asws said: ‘This man is settled in such and such house of yours, wherein is a palm tree. The wind stirs, so its fruit falls from it, unripe, and partially ripe, and ripe, and dried dates; and the bird ascends, and it throws similar to that from without a stone having been thrown with or a stick to break it. So, make him to be in permissibility’. He refused from that.
وَ سَأَلَهُ ثَانِياً وَ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْمَسْأَلَةِ وَ يَتَأَبَّى إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ وَ اللَّهِ أَنَا أَضْمَنُ لَكَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص أَنْ يُبْدِلَكَ بِهَذَا النَّبِيُّ حَدِيقَةً فِي الْجَنَّةِ فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِ وَ رَهِقَنَا لمساء [الْمَسَاءُ] فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ ع تَبِيعُنِيهَا بِحَدِيقَتِي فُلَانَةَ فَقَالَ لَهُ نَعَمْ
And he-asws asked him a second time and went on to urge him in the question, and he refused until he-asws said: ‘I-asws shall guarantee for you on behalf of Rasool-Allah-saww, and the Prophet-saww will replace this for you with a Garden in the Paradise’. He refused to him-asws, and the evening was coming to an end. Ali-asws said to him: ‘Will you sell it for my-asws so and so garden?’ He said to him-asws, ‘Yes’.
قَالَ فَاشْهَدْ لِي عَلَيْكَ اللَّهَ وَ مُوسَى بْنَ عِيسَى الْأَنْصَارِيَّ أَنَّكَ قَدْ بِعْتَهَا بِهَذَا الدَّارِ قَالَ نَعَمْ أُشْهِدُ اللَّهَ وَ مُوسَى بْنَ عِيسَى الْأَنْصَارِيَّ عَلَى أَنِّي قَدْ بِعْتُكَ هَذِهِ الْحَدِيقَةَ بِشَجَرِهَا وَ نَخْلِهَا وَ ثَمَرِهَا بِهَذِهِ الدَّارِ أَ لَيْسَ قَدْ بِعْتَنِي هَذِهِ الدَّارَ بِمَا فِيهَا بِهَذِهِ الْحَدِيقَةِ وَ لَمْ يَتَوَهَّمْ أَنَّهُ يَفْعَلُ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ أُشْهِدُ اللَّهَ وَ مُوسَى بْنَ عِيسَى عَلَى أَنِّي قَدْ بِعْتُكَ هَذِهِ الدَّارَ بِهَذِهِ الْحَدِيقَةِ
He said, ‘Keep witness for me upon you-asws, Allah-azwj and Musa Bin Isa Al-Ansari than you‑asws have sold it for this house’. He-asws said: ‘Yes, I-asws keep Allah-azwj and Musa Bin Isa Al-Ansari witnessed upon that I-asws have sold you this garden with its trees, and its palm trees, and its fruits for this house. Haven’t you sold me-asws this house with whatever is in it for this garden?’ And he-asws did not imagine that he assume that he was doing it. He said, ‘Yes, I do keep Allah-azwj as witness and Musa Bin Isa Al-Ansari, upon that I have sold you-asws this house for this garden’.
فَالْتَفَتَ عَلِيٌّ ع إِلَى الرَّجُلِ فَقَالَ لَهُ قُمْ فَخُذِ الدَّارَ بَارَكَ اللَّهُ لَكَ وَ أَنْتَ فِي حِلٍّ مِنْهَا وَ سَمِعُوا أَذَانَ بِلَالٍ فَقَامُوا مُبَادِرِينَ حَتَّى صَلَّوْا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ص الْمَغْرِبَ وَ الْعِشَاءَ الْآخِرَةَ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا إِلَى مَنَازِلِهِمْ
Ali-asws turned towards the man and said to him: ‘Arise and take your house! May Allah-azwj Bless you, and you are in permissibility from it’. And they heard the (Al-Maghrib) Azaan of Bilal. They stood up rushing until they prayed Al-Maghrib Salat with the Prophet-saww, and the last Isha. Then they left to go to their houses.
فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحُوا صَلَّى النَّبِيُّ بِهِمُ الْغَدَاةَ وَ عَقَّبَ فَهُوَ يُعَقِّبُ حَتَّى هَبَطَ عَلَيْهِ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع بِالْوَحْيِ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ فَأَدَارَ وَجْهَهُ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ فَقَالَ مَنْ فَعَلَ مِنْكُمْ فِي لَيْلَتِهِ هَذِهِ فِعْلًا فَقَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ بَيَانَهَا فَمِنْكُمْ أَحَدٌ يُخْبِرُنِي أَوْ أُخْبِرُهُ
When it was morning, the Prophet-saww prayed the morning Salat with them and the follow-up (Salat). He-saww was in the follow-up (Salat) until Jibraeel-as came down to him-saww with the Revelation from the Presence of Allah-azwj. He-saww turned his-saww face towards his-saww companions and said: ‘Who from you has done this deed in this night of his, so Allah-azwj has Revealed its explanation? Is there anyone from you who will inform me-saww or shall I-saww inform him?’
فَقَالَ لَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع بَلْ أَخْبِرْنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ هَبَطَ جَبْرَئِيلُ فَأَقْرَأَنِي عَنِ اللَّهِ السَّلَامَ وَ قَالَ لِي إِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع فَعَلَ الْبَارِحَةَ فِعْلَةً فَقُلْتُ لِحَبِيبِي مَا هِيَ فَقَالَ اقْرَأْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقُلْتُ وَ مَا أَقْرَأُ
Amir Al-Momineen Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws said to him-saww: ‘But, inform us, O Rasool-Allah-saww!’ He-saww said: ‘Yes. Jibraeel-as came down and conveyed the greetings on behalf of Allah-azwj and said to me-saww that Amir Al-Momineen Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws has done a deed last night’. So, I-saww said to my-saww beloved: ‘What is it?’ He-as said: ‘Read, O Rasool-Allah-saww!’ I-saww said: ‘And what shall I-saww read?’
فَقَالَ اقْرَأْ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ وَ اللَّيْلِ إِذا يَغْشى وَ النَّهارِ إِذا تَجَلَّى وَ ما خَلَقَ الذَّكَرَ وَ الْأُنْثى إِنَّ سَعْيَكُمْ لَشَتَّى إِلَى آخِرِ السُّورَةِ وَ لَسَوْفَ يَرْضى
He-as said: ‘Read: ‘In the Name of Allah-azwj the Beneficent, the Merciful. (I Swear) by the night when it overcomes [92:1] And the day when it is displayed [92:2] And what is Created of the male and the female [92:3] Surely, your striving is various [92:4] – up to the end of the Chapter: And soon he will be pleased [92:21]’.
أَنْتَ يَا عَلِيُّ- أَ لَسْتَ صَدَّقْتَ بِالْجَنَّةِ وَ صَدَّقْتَ بِالدَّارِ عَلَى سَاكِنِهَا وَ بَذَلْتَ الْحَدِيقَةَ قَالَ نَعَمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ فَهَذِهِ سُورَةٌ نَزَلَتْ فِيكَ وَ هَذَا لَكَ
You-asws, O Ali-asws! Didn’t you-asws give in charity the garden for the house to its dweller, and spent the garden?’ He-asws said: ‘Yes, O Rasool-Allah-saww!’ He-saww said: ‘So this Chapter has been Revealed regarding you-asws, and this is for you-asws!’
فَوَثَبَ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَقَبَّلَ بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ وَ ضَمَّهُ إِلَيْهِ وَ قَالَ لَهُ أَنْتَ أَخِي وَ أَنَا أَخُوكَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمَا وَ آلِهِمَا
He-saww leapt to Amir Al-Momineen-asws and kissed between his-asws eyes and hugged him-asws to him-saww and said to him-asws: ‘You-asws are my-saww brother-asws and I-saww am your-asws brother-saww!’ May Allah-azwj Send Salawaat upon them-asws both and their-asws Progeny’’.[15]
VERSES 8 – 11
وَأَمَّا مَنْ بَخِلَ وَاسْتَغْنَىٰ {8}
And as for one who is stingy and (considers himself) needless [92:8]
وَكَذَّبَ بِالْحُسْنَىٰ {9}
And belies the most excellent (aspect of Eman/Wilayah) [92:9]
فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْعُسْرَىٰ {10}
So We will be Facilitating him to the difficulties [92:10]
وَمَا يُغْنِي عَنْهُ مَالُهُ إِذَا تَرَدَّىٰ {11}
And his wealth will not avail him when he falls [92:11]
و عنه، قال: أخبرنا أحمد بن إدريس، قال: حدثنا أحمد بن محمد، عن الحسين بن سعيد، عن محمد بن الحضيني، عن خالد بن يزيد، عن عبد الأعلى، عن أبي الخطاب، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قوله تعالى: وَ أَمَّا مَنْ بَخِلَ وَ اسْتَغْنى وَ كَذَّبَ بِالْحُسْنى، قال: «بالولاية» فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْعُسْرى
And from him, (Ali Bin Ibrahim) who said, ‘It was informed to us by Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Muhammad Bin Al Hazeyni, from Khalid Bin Yazeed, from Abdul A’ala, from Abu Al Khattab,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: And belies the most excellent [92:9], he-asws said: ‘(Belies) the Wilayah’. So We will be Facilitating him to the difficulties [92:10]’’.[16]
شرف الدين النجفي: في معنى السورة، قال: جاء مرفوعا، عن عمرو بن شمر، عن جابر بن يزيد، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قوله تعالى: وَ أَمَّا مَنْ بَخِلَ وَ اسْتَغْنى يعني بنفسه عن الحق، و استغنى بالباطل عن الحق وَ كَذَّبَ بِالْحُسْنى بولاية علي بن أبي طالب و الأئمة (عليهم السلام) من بعده فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْعُسْرى، يعني النار
Sharaf Al-Deen Al-Najafy, regarding the meaning of the Chapter, said that it has come with an unbroken chain, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir Bin Yazeed, who has said:
‘Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: And as for one who is stingy and (considers himself) needless [92:8] – meaning himself, (being needless) from the Truth, and avails (adheres) with the falsehood (rather than) from the Truth, And belies the most excellent [92:9] – the Wilayah of Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws and the Imams-asws from after him-asws, So We will be Facilitating him to the difficulties [92:10] – meaning (to) the Fire. [17]
VERSE 12
إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا لَلْهُدَىٰ {12}
Surely, upon Us (Allah and Prophet) is to Guide (towards Imam) [92:12]
شرف الدين النجفي: في معنى السورة، قال: جاء مرفوعا، عن عمرو بن شمر، عن جابر بن يزيد، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قوله تعالى: و أما قوله تعالى: إِنَّ عَلَيْنا لَلْهُدى يعني أن عليا (عليه السلام) هو الهدى
Sharaf Al-Deen Al-Najafy, regarding the meaning of the Chapter, said that it has come with an unbroken chain, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir Bin Yazeed, who has said:
‘Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: Surely, upon Us is to Guide [92:12] – meaning that Ali-asws, he-asws is the Guide’’.[18]
و عنه: عن أحمد بن محمد، عن أحمد بن محمد بن أبي نصر، عن أبي الحسن الرضا (عليه السلام)، قال: قلت: قول الله تبارك و تعالى: إِنَّ عَلَيْنا لَلْهُدى؟ قال: «إن الله يهدي من يشاء، و يضل من يشاء
And from him, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr, who has said:
‘He (the narrator) says, ‘I asked from Abu Al-Hassan Al-Reza-asws, ‘What about the Words of Allah -azwj Blessed and Exalted: Surely, upon Us is to Guide [92:12]?’ He-asws said: ‘Surely, Allah-azwj Guides the one He-azwj so Desires to, and He-azwj Let’s to stray the one He-azwj so Desires to’.
فقلت له: أصلحك الله، إن قوما من أصحابنا يزعمون أن المعرفة مكتسبة، و إنهم إن ينظروا من وجه النظر أدركوا؟
I said to him-asws, ‘May Allah-azwj Keep you-asws well! There is a group from our companions who are thinking that the recognition, is acquired, and they are of the view that if they were to look from a particular perspective, they would realise?’
فأنكر ذلك، فقال: «ما لهؤلاء القوم لا يكتسبون الخير لأنفسهم، ليس أحد من الناس إلا و يحب أن يكون خيرا ممن هو خير منه
But he-asws denied that, and said: ‘What is it with these people that they are not acquiring the good for themselves? There isn’t anyone from the people except that he loves to become better than one who is already better than him.
هؤلاء بنو هاشم موضعهم موضعهم، و قرابتهم قرابتهم، و هم أحق بهذا الأمر منكم، أفترى أنهم لا ينظرون لأنفسهم، و قد عرفتم و لم يعرفوا
These, the clan of Hashim, their position is their position, and their relationship is their relationship, and they are more deserving of this command than you all. Can’t you see that they are looking at themselves, and you recognised and they did not recognise?’
قال أبو جعفر (عليه السلام): لو استطاع الناس لأحبونا
Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘If the people were able, they would (all) love us-asws’.[19]
The altered Verse
و عن محمد بن خالد البرقي: عن يونس بن ظبيان، عن علي بن أبي حمزة، عن فيض بن مختار، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، أنه قرأ: «إن عليا للهدى، و إن له الآخرة و الاولى» و ذلك حيث سئل عن القرآن، قال: «فيه الأعاجيب، فيه: و كفى الله المؤمنين القتال بعلي، و فيه: إن عليا للهدى، و إن له الآخرة و الاولى
And from Muhammad Bin Khalid Al-Barqy, from Yunus Bin Zibyan, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from Fayz Bin Mukhtar, who has said:
‘Abu Abdullah-asws that he-asws recited: Surely Ali is for the Guidance, and surely for him is the Hereafter and the closeness [92:12], and that is when he-asws was asked about the Quran. He-asws said: ‘The wonders are in it: and Allah Sufficed the Momineen in the battle, by Ali, and Allah would always be Strong, Mighty [33:25], and in it is: Surely Ali is for the Guidance [92:12], and that for him-asws is the Hereafter and the closeness’’.[20]
VERSE 13
وَإِنَّ لَنَا لَلْآخِرَةَ وَالْأُولَىٰ {13}
And surely for Us is the Hereafter and the closeness [92:13]
The altered Verse
و عن إسماعيل بن مهران، عن أيمن بن محرز، عن سماعة، عن أبي بصير، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: «نزلت هذه الآية هكذا و الله: [الله] خالق الزوجين الذكر و الأنثى، و لعلي الآخرة و الأولى
And from Ismail Bin Mahran, from Ayman Bin Mahraz, from Sama’at, from Abu Baseer, who has narrated:
‘Abu Abdullah-asws has said: ‘By Allah-azwj, it was Revealed like this: “Allah is the Creator of the pairs, the male and the female [92:3] and for Ali is the Hereafter and the closeness (to Allah-azwj) [92:13]”.[21]
VERSES 14 – 16
فَأَنْذَرْتُكُمْ نَارًا تَلَظَّىٰ {14}
So I warn you of a Fire set ablaze [92:14]
لَا َصْلَاهَا إِلَّا الْأَشْقَى {15}
None shall arrive to it except the most wretched [92:15]
الَّذِي كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ {16}
The one who belied and turned his back [92:16]
ثم قال علي بن إبراهيم: حدثنا محمد بن جعفر، قال: حدثنا يحيى بن زكريا، عن علي بن حسان، عن عبد الرحمن بن كثير، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قوله تعالى: فَأَنْذَرْتُكُمْ ناراً تَلَظَّى لا يَصْلاها إِلَّا الْأَشْقَى الَّذِي كَذَّبَ وَ تَوَلَّى، قال: «في جهنم واد فيه نار لا يصلها إلا الأشقى، أي فلان الذي كذب رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) في علي (عليه السلام) و تولى عن ولايته
Then Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘It has been narrated from Muhammad Bin Ja’far, from Yahya Bin Zakariya, from Ali Bin Hisan, from Abdul Rahman Bin Kaseer, who has narrated:
‘Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: So I warn you of a Fire set ablaze [92:14] None shall arrive to it except the most wretched [92:15] The one who belied and turned back [92:16], said: ‘In Hell there is a valley in which is the Fire. None shall arrive in it except for the most wretched – i.e., so and so who belied Rasool-Allah-saww regarding Ali-asws and turned his back from his-asws Wilayah’.
ثم قال (عليه السلام): «النيران بعضها دون بعض، فما كان من نار هذا الوادي فللنصاب
Then he-asws said: ‘The Fires, some of these are for some apart from the others. So, whatever would be from a Fire of this valley, so it is for the Hostile Ones (Nasibis)’.[22]
شرف الدين النجفي: في معنى السورة، قال: جاء مرفوعا، عن عمرو بن شمر، عن جابر بن يزيد، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قوله تعالى: وَ إِنَّ لَنا لَلْآخِرَةَ وَ الْأُولى فَأَنْذَرْتُكُمْ ناراً تَلَظَّى قال: [هو] القائم (عليه السلام) إذا قام بالغضب، فيقتل من كل ألف تسعمائة و تسعة و تسعين
Sharaf Al-Deen Al-Najafy, regarding the meaning of the Chapter, said that it has come with an unbroken chain, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir Bin Yazeed, who has said:
‘Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: And surely for Us is the Hereafter and the first one [92:13] So I warn you of a Fire set ablaze [92:14]. He-asws said; ‘He-asws is Al-Qaim-asws when he-asws rises with the anger, so he-asws will kill from every thousand, nine hundred and ninety nine (Nasibis).
لا يَصْلاها إِلَّا الْأَشْقَى قال: هو عدو آل محمد (عليهم السلام)
None shall arrive to it except the most wretched [92:15] – These are the enemies of the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww’’.[23]
VERSES 17 – 21
وَسَيُجَنَّبُهَا الْأَتْقَى {17}
And the pious would be kept away from it (Hell fire) [92:17]
الَّذِي يُؤْتِي مَالَهُ يَتَزَكَّىٰ {18}
The one who gives his wealth and purifies [92:18]
وَمَا لِأَحَدٍ عِنْدَهُ مِنْ نِعْمَةٍ تُجْزَىٰ {19}
And there is no favour for anyone with him to be Recompensed for [92:19]
إِلَّا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ رَبِّهِ الْأَعْلَىٰ {20}
Except (he is) seeking the Face of his Lord, the most Exalted [92:20]
وَلَسَوْفَ يَرْضَىٰ {21}
And soon he will be pleased [92:21]
شرف الدين النجفي: في معنى السورة، قال: جاء مرفوعا، عن عمرو بن شمر، عن جابر بن يزيد، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قوله تعالى: وَ سَيُجَنَّبُهَا الْأَتْقَى قال: ذاك أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) و شيعته
Sharaf Al-Deen Al-Najafy, regarding the meaning of the Chapter, said that it has come with an unbroken chain, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir Bin Yazeed, who has said:
‘Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: And the pious would be kept away from it (Hell fire) [92:17]. He-asws said: ‘That is Amir Al-Momineen-asws and his-asws Shias’.[24]
تفسير فرات بن إبراهيم مُعَنْعَناً عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع قَالَ: كَانَ رَجُلٌ مؤمن [مُوسِرٌ] عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ص فِي دَارٍ [لَهُ] حَدِيقَةٌ وَ لَهُ جَارٌ لَهُ صِبْيَةٌ فَكَانَ يَتَسَاقَطُ الرُّطَبُ مِنَ النَّخْلَةِ فَيَنْشُدُونَ صِبْيَتُهُ يَأْكُلُونَهُ فَيَأْتِي الْمُوسِرُ فَيُخْرِجُ الرُّطَبَ مِنْ جَوْفِ أَفْوَاهِ الصِّبْيَةِ وَ شَكَا الرَّجُلُ ذَلِكَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ص
Tafseer Furat Bin Ibrahim, transmitting,
‘From Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws having said: ‘There was an affluent Momin in the era of the Prophet-saww. There was a garden in his house, and for him was a neighbour who had children. The dates would fall from the palm tree and his children requested and ate it. But the affluent man came and took out the dates from the inside of the mouths of the children, and the man complained of that to the Prophet-saww.
فَأَقْبَلَ وَحْدَهُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ فَقَالَ بِعْنِي حَدِيقَتَكَ هَذِهِ بِحَدِيقَةٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمُوسِرُ لَا أَبِيعُكَ عَاجِلًا بِآجِلٍ فَبَكَى النَّبِيُّ ص وَ رَجَعَ نَحْوَ الْمَسْجِدِ فَلَقِيَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا يُبْكِيكَ لَا أَبْكَى اللَّهُ عَيْنَيْكَ
He-asws faced alone to the man and said: ‘Sell this garden of yours to me for a garden in the Paradise’. The affluent man said, ‘The current for the current (not for a future garden)’. The Prophet-saww wept and came towards the Masjid. Amir Al-Momineen Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws met him-saww and said to him-saww: ‘What makes you-saww cry? May Allah-azwj not Let your-saww eyes cry!’
فَأَخْبَرَهُ خَبَرَ الرَّجُلِ الضَّعِيفِ وَ الْحَدِيقَةِ فَأَقْبَلَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع حَتَّى اسْتَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ مَنْزِلِهِ وَ قَالَ لَهُ بِعْنِي دَارَكَ قَالَ الْمُوسِرُ بِحَائِطِكَ الْحُسْنَى فَصَفَّقَ عَلِيٌّ يَدَهُ وَ دَارَ إِلَى الضَّعِيفِ فَقَالَ لَهُ تَحَوَّلْ إِلَى دَارِكَ فَقَدْ مَلَّكَهَا اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ لَكَ وَ أَقْبَلَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع
He-saww informed him-asws the news of the man and the garden. Amir Al-Momineen-asws went until he-asws brought him out from his house and said to him: ‘Sell your house to me-asws!’ The affluent man said, ‘For your-asws excellent garden’. Ali-asws struck his hand (closed the deal), and (gave) the house to the weak one. He-asws said to him: ‘Transfer to your (new) house for Allah-azwj, Lord-azwj of the worlds, has Owned it for you’. And Amir Al-Momineen-asws came back.
وَ نَزَلَ جَبْرَئِيلُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ص فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا مُحَمَّدُ اقْرَأْ وَ اللَّيْلِ إِذا يَغْشى وَ النَّهارِ إِذا تَجَلَّى وَ ما خَلَقَ الذَّكَرَ وَ الْأُنْثى إِلَى آخِرِ السُّورَةِ
And Jibraeel-as descended unto the Prophet-saww and said to him-saww: ‘O Muhammad-saww! Read: (I Swear) by the night when it overcomes [92:1] And the day when it is displayed [92:2] And what is Created of the male and the female [92:3] – up to the end of the Chapter.
فَقَامَ النَّبِيُّ ص وَ قَبَّلَ بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيكَ هَذِهِ السُّورَةَ الْكَامِلَةَ
The Prophet-saww stood up and kissed between his-asws eyes, then said: ‘May my-saww father-as and my-saww mother-as be (sacrificed) for you-asws! Allah-azwj has Revealed this Chapter for you-asws, complete’’.[25]
[1] تفسير القمي، ج2، ص: 425
[2] تفسير القمي، ج2، ص: 425
[3] (ثواب الأعمال: 123)
[4] Tafseer Al Burhan – H 11657
[5] Tafseer Al Burhan – H 11676
[6] (خواص القرآن: 14 «نحوه».)
[7] Al Kafi – V 7 – The Book of Oaths, and the Vows, and the Expiations Ch 14 H 1
[8] (تفسير القمي 2: 425)
[9] Tafseer Noor Al Saqalayn – CH 92 H 8 (Extract)
[10] (تأويل الآيات 2: 807/ 1) (Extract)
[11] (تأويل الآيات 2: 808/ 2)
[12] تفسير القمّي 2
[13] Tafseer Noor Al Saqalayn – CH 92 H 8
[14] (تأويل الآيات 2: 807/ 1) (Extract)
[15] Bihar Al Awaar – V 40, The book of History – Amir Al Momineenasws, Ch 102 H 16
[16] تفسير القمّي 2
[17] (تأويل الآيات 2: 807/ 1) (Extract)
[18] (تأويل الآيات 2: 807/ 1) (Extract)
[19] (قرب الاسناد: 156.)
[20] (تأويل الآيات 2: 808/ 3.)
[21] (تأويل الآيات 2: 808/ 5.)
[22] (تفسير القمي 2: 426)
[23] (تأويل الآيات 2: 807/ 1) (Extract)
[24] (تأويل الآيات 2: 807/ 1) (Extract)
[25] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 41, The book of History – Amir Al-Momineen-asws, Ch 102 H 15