Merits of ‘Sadaat’ (Syeds – the descendants from the family of the Prophet Mohammed-saww) are well known, we here present some Ahadith:
فَجَعَلَ لَهُمْ خَاصَّةً مِنْ عِنْدِهِ مَا يُغْنِيهِمْ بِهِ عَنْ أَنْ يُصَيِّرَهُمْ فِي مَوْضِعِ الذُّلِّ وَ الْمَسْكَنَةِ وَ لَا بَأْسَ بِصَدَقَاتِ بَعْضِهِمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُمُ الْخُمُسَ هُمْ قَرَابَةُ النَّبِيِّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) الَّذِينَ ذَكَرَهُمُ اللَّهُ فَقَالَ وَ أَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ وَ هُمْ بَنُو عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ أَنْفُسُهُمْ الذَّكَرُ مِنْهُمْ وَ الْأُنْثَى لَيْسَ فِيهِمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ بُيُوتَاتِ قُرَيْشٍ وَ لَا مِنَ الْعَرَبِ أَحَدٌ وَ لَا فِيهِمْ وَ لَا مِنْهُمْ فِي هَذَا الْخُمُسِ مِنْ مَوَالِيهِمْ وَ قَدْ تَحِلُّ صَدَقَاتُ النَّاسِ لِمَوَالِيهِمْ وَ هُمْ وَ النَّاسُ سَوَاءٌ
Thus, he-asws makes it to be for them in particular, from Him-azwj what they could be needless with that from coming into a place of disgrace and neediness. And there is no problem with the charities of some of them upon the others, and they are those for whom Allah-azwj has Made the Khums. They are the near of kin of the Prophet-saww whom Allah-azwj has Mentioned, and He-azwj Said [26:214] And warn your nearest relations, and they are the Clan of Abdul Muttalib-as themselves, the males from them and the females. There aren’t among them from the people of the households of the Qureysh, nor from the Arabs anyone, nor among them, nor from them in this Khums from any of their friends, and the charities of the people has been Made permissible for their friends, and they and the people are equal.
وَ مَنْ كَانَتْ أُمُّهُ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَ أَبُوهُ مِنْ سَائِرِ قُرَيْشٍ فَإِنَّ الصَّدَقَاتِ تَحِلُّ لَهُ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ شَيْءٌ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ ادْعُوهُمْ لِآبائِهِمْ
The one whose mother was from the Clan of Hashim and his father was from the rest of the Qureysh, so the charities would be Permissible for him and there wouldn’t be anything for him from the Khums because Allah-azwj the Exalted is Saying [33:5] Assert their relationship to their fathers.[1] (an extract, see the complete Hadith in Appendix I)
A Syed get double reward and double punishment
الطبرسي: روى محمد بن أبي عمير، عن إبراهيم بن عبد الحميد، عن علي بن عبيد الله بن الحسين، عن أبيه، عن علي بن الحسين زين العابدين (عليه السلام)، أنه قال له رجل: إنكم أهل بيت مغفور لكم. قال: فغضب، و قال: «نحن أحرى أن يجري فينا ما أجرى الله في أزواج النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله) من أن يكون كما تقول، إنا نرى لمحسننا ضعفين من الأجر، و لمسيئنا ضعفين من العذاب». ثم قرأ الآيتين.
Al-Tabarsy – It has been reported by Muhammad Bin Abu Umeyr, from Ibrahim Bin Abdul Hameed, from Ali Bin Ubeydullah Bin Al-Husayn, from his father,
(It has been narrated) from Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws Zayn Al-Abideen-asws, a man having said to him-asws, ‘You-asws, the People-asws of the Household, there is Forgiveness for you-asws all’. He-asws got angry and said: ‘It is more exact that Allah-azwj has Made to flow within us-asws what He-azwj Made to be in the wives of the Prophet-saww, from that it should happen as you are saying. We-asws see that our-asws benevolent ones would get double the Recompense, and for our-asws wrong-doers would get double the Punishment’.[2]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْهَاشِمِيُّ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْأَحْمَرِ وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بُنْدَارَ عَنِ السَّيَّارِيِّ عَنْ بَعْضِ الْبَغْدَادِيِّينَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ بِلَالٍ قَالَ لَقِيَ هِشَامَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ بَعْضُ الْخَوَارِجِ فَقَالَ يَا هِشَامُ مَا تَقُولُ فِي الْعَجَمِ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجُوا فِي الْعَرَبِ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَالْعَرَبُ يَتَزَوَّجُوا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَقُرَيْشٌ يَتَزَوَّجُ فِي بَنِي هَاشِمٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ عَمَّنْ أَخَذْتَ هَذَا قَالَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ أَ تَتَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُكُمْ وَ لَا تَتَكَافَأُ فُرُوجُكُمْ
Al Husayn Bin Al Hassan Al Hashimy, from Ibrahim Bin Is’haq Al Ahmar and Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Bundar, from Al Sayyari, from one of the Baghdadis, from Ali Bin Bilal who said,
‘Hisham Bin Al-Hakam met one of the foreigners, so he said, ‘O Hisham! What are you saying regarding the non-Arabs, are they allowed to marry among the Arabs?’ He said, ‘Yes’. He said, ‘So the Arabs can marry from Qureysh?’ He said, ‘Yes’. He said, ‘So the Qureysh can marry in the Clan of Hashim-as?’ He said, ‘Yes’. He said, ‘From where did you take this?’ He said, ‘From Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws. I heard him-asws saying: ‘Your blood is matching but your reproductive organs cannot?’
قَالَ فَخَرَجَ الْخَارِجِيُّ حَتَّى أَتَى أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَقَالَ إِنِّي لَقِيتُ هِشَاماً فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ كَذَا فَأَخْبَرَنِي بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا وَ ذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ مِنْكَ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَدْ قُلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ الْخَارِجِيُّ فَهَا أَنَا ذَا قَدْ جِئْتُكَ خَاطِباً فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنَّكَ لَكُفْوٌ فِي دَمِكَ وَ حَسَبِكَ فِي قَوْمِكَ وَ لَكِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ صَانَنَا عَنِ الصَّدَقَةِ وَ هِيَ أَوْسَاخُ أَيْدِي النَّاسِ فَنَكْرَهُ أَنْ نُشْرِكَ فِيمَا فَضَّلَنَا اللَّهُ بِهِ مَنْ لَمْ يَجْعَلِ اللَّهُ لَهُ مِثْلَ مَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَنَا
He (the narrator) said, ‘So the foreigner went out until he came over to Abu Abdullah-asws, so he said, ‘I met Hisham, and I asked him about such, so he informed me with such and such, and he mentioned that he had heard it from you-asws’. He-asws said: ‘Yes, I-asws have said that’. So the foreigner said, ‘So here I am with a marriage proposal’. So Abu Abdullah-asws said to him: ‘You are a match regarding your blood, but your nobility among your people, but Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Safeguarded us-asws from the charity, and it is a dirt from the hands of the people. Thus, we-asws abhor that we-asws associate you in what Allah-azwj has Preferred us-asws with, (as you are) the one whom Allah-azwj has not Made for you the like of what Allah-azwj has Made for us-asws’.
فَقَامَ الْخَارِجِيُّ وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ تَاللَّهِ مَا رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا مِثْلَهُ قَطُّ رَدَّنِي وَ اللَّهِ أَقْبَحَ رَدٍّ وَ مَا خَرَجَ مِنْ قَوْلِ صَاحِبِهِ .
So the foreigner arose and he was saying, ‘By Allah-azwj! I have not seen a man like him-asws at all! He-asws repulsed me, by Allah-azwj, with the ugliest of repulsions, but still without contradicting his-asws companion’.[3]
عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص أَنَّهُ قَالَ: نَحْنُ بَنُو عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ سَادَةُ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ أَنَا وَ عَلِيٌّ وَ جَعْفَرٌ وَ الْحَسَنُ وَ الْحُسَيْنُ وَ فَاطِمَةُ.
From Anas Bin Malik,
(It has been narrated) from the Prophet-saww having said: ‘We-asws the Clan of Abdul Muttalib-as, the chiefs of the inhabitants of the Paradise – I-saww, and Ali-asws, and Ja’far-as, and Al-Hassan-asws, and Al-Husayn-asws and Fatima-asws’’.[4]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ جَمِيعاً عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عِيصِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِنَّ أُنَاساً مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ أَتَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَسَأَلُوهُ أَنْ يَسْتَعْمِلَهُمْ عَلَى صَدَقَاتِ الْمَوَاشِي وَ قَالُوا يَكُونُ لَنَا هَذَا السَّهْمُ الَّذِي جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ لِلْعَامِلِينَ عَلَيْهَا فَنَحْنُ أَوْلَى بِهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) يَا بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ إِنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ لَا تَحِلُّ لِي وَ لَا لَكُمْ وَ لَكِنِّي قَدْ وُعِدْتُ الشَّفَاعَةَ
Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, and Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazaan, altogether from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Ays Bin Al Qasim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘A group of people from the Clan of Hashim came over to Rasool-Allah-saww. So they asked him-saww that he-saww should utilise them upon the (collection of the) charities of the livestock, and they said, ‘Can there happen to be for us this portion which Allah-azwj has Made it to be for the workers over it, so we are the closes with it’. So Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘O sons of Abdul Muttalib-as! The charity is neither Permissible for me, nor for you all, but I-saww have been Promised the intercession’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) وَ اللَّهِ لَقَدْ وُعِدَهَا ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَمَا ظَنُّكُمْ يَا بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ إِذَا أَخَذْتُ بِحَلْقَةِ بَابِ الْجَنَّةِ أَ تَرَوْنِي مُؤْثِراً عَلَيْكُمْ غَيْرَكُمْ .
Then Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘By Allah-azwj he-saww has been Promised it. So what is your thinking, O sons of Abdul Muttalib-asws! When I-asws grab the ring of the door of the Paradise, do you see me-asws giving preference to others over you all?’[5]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ إِنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ( عليه السلام ) وَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ بَنِيهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Suleyman Bin Ja’far who said,
‘I heard Al-Reza-asws saying: ‘Ali Bin Abdullah son of Al-Husayn Bin Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws Bin Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, and his wife and his sons are from the inhabitants of the Paradise’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ مَنْ عَرَفَ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ مِنْ وُلْدِ عَلِيٍّ وَ فَاطِمَةَ ( عليها السلام ) لَمْ يَكُنْ كَالنَّاسِ .
Then he-asws said: ‘The ones who recognise this matter (Al-Wilayah), from the children of Ali-asws and Fatima-asws, do not happen to be like the (ordinary) people’.[6]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي الْوَشَّاءُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَلَّالُ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) أَخْبِرْنِي عَمَّنْ عَانَدَكَ وَ لَمْ يَعْرِفْ حَقَّكَ مِنْ وُلْدِ فَاطِمَةَ هُوَ وَ سَائِرُ النَّاسِ سَوَاءٌ فِي الْعِقَابِ فَقَالَ كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ عَلَيْهِمْ ضِعْفَا الْعِقَابِ .
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moalla Bin Muhammad who said, ‘Al Washha narrated to me saying, ‘Ahmad Bin Umar Al Hallal narrated to us saying,
‘I said to Abu Al-Hassan-asws, ‘Inform me about the one who opposes you-asws and does not recognise your-asws right, from the children of Syeda Fatima-asws. Would he and the rest of the people, be equal in the Punishment?’ So he-asws said: ‘Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws was saying: ‘Upon them would be double the Punishment’.[7]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) قُلْتُ لَهُ الْجَاحِدُ مِنْكُمْ وَ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ سَوَاءٌ فَقَالَ الْجَاحِدُ مِنَّا لَهُ ذَنْبَانِ وَ الْمُحْسِنُ لَهُ حَسَنَتَانِ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Abu Nasr who said,
‘I asked Al-Reza-asws saying to him-asws, ‘The rejecter from you all and others, are they equal?’ So he-asws said: ‘The rejecter from us-asws, for him are two sins, and the good doer, for him are two good deeds (is doubled up)’.[8]
Kuff (Match):
فَأَمَّنَ النَّبِيُّ ص عَلَى دُعَائِهِ وَ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَعْطَى فَاطِمَةَ فِي الدُّنْيَا ذَلِكَ أَنَا أَبُوهَا وَ مَا أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْعَالَمِينَ مِثْلِي وَ عَلِيٌّ بَعْلُهَا وَ لَوْ لَا عَلِيٌّ مَا كَانَ لِفَاطِمَةَ كُفْوٌ أَبَداً وَ أَعْطَاهَا الْحَسَنَ وَ الْحُسَيْنَ وَ مَا لِلْعَالَمِينَ مِثْلُهُمَا سَيِّدَا شَبَابِ أَسْبَاطِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَ سَيِّدَا أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ
So the Prophet-saww said Ameen upon his supplication and turned to his-saww companions and he-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj has already Given that to (Syeda) Fatima-asws in the world. I-saww am her-asws father, and there is no one from the universe like me-saww, and Ali-asws is her-asws husband.
And had it not been for Ali-asws, there would not have been a match for (Syeda) Fatima-asws, ever! And He-azwj Gave her-asws Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws, and there isn’t for the universe the likes of them-asws. They-asws are the chiefs of the tribes of the Prophets-as and chiefs of the people of the Paradise’.
وَ كَانَ بِإِزَائِهِ الْمِقْدَادُ وَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ وَ عَمَّارٌ وَ سَلْمَانُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا فَقَالَ وَ أَزِيدُكُمْ؟ فَقَالُوا نَعَمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ ص أَتَانِي الرُّوحُ الْأَمِينُ يَعْنِي جَبْرَئِيلَ ع وَ قَالَ إِنَّهَا إِذَا هِيَ قُبِضَتْ وَ دُفِنَتْ يَسْأَلُهَا الْمَلَكَانِ فِي قَبْرِهَا مَنْ رَبُّكِ؟ فَتَقُولُ اللَّهُ رَبِّي فَيَقُولَانِ مَنْ نَبِيُّكِ؟ فَتَقُولُ أَبِي فَيَقُولَانِ فَمَنْ وَلِيُّكِ؟ فَتَقُولُ هَذَا الْقَائِمُ عَلَى شَفِيرِ قَبْرِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ
And he-saww was confronting Al-Miqdad-as, and Ibn Umar, and Ammar, and Salman-as, may Allah-azwj be Pleased with them, and he-saww said: ‘Shall I-saww increase for you all?’ They said, ‘Yes, O Rasool-Allah-saww!’. He-saww said: ‘The Trustworthy Spirit came to me-saww, meaning Jibraeel-as, and said, ‘She-asws, when she-asws passes away and buried, the two Angels would ask her in her-asws grave, ‘Who is your-asws Lord-azwj?’ So she-asws would be saying: ‘Allah-azwj is my-asws Lord-azwj’. They would be saying, ‘Who is your-asws Prophet-saww?’ So she-asws would be saying: ‘My-asws father-asws’. They would be saying, ‘So who is your-asws Guardian-asws?’ So she-asws would be saying: ‘This one standing upon the edge of my-asws grave, Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws’.
أَلَا وَ أَزِيدُكُمْ مِنْ فَضْلِهَا؟ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ وَكَّلَ بِهَا رَعِيلًا مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ يَحْفَظُونَهَا مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهَا وَ مِنْ خَلْفِهَا وَ عَنْ يَمِينِهَا وَ عَنْ شِمَالِهَا وَ هُمْ مَعَهَا فِي حَيَاتِهَا وَ عِنْدَ قَبْرِهَا بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا يُكْثِرُونَ الصَّلَاةَ عَلَيْهَا وَ عَلَى أَبِيهَا وَ بَعْلِهَا وَ بَنِيهَا
Indeed! Shall I-saww increase for you all of her-asws merits? Allah-azwj has Allocated a group of Angels with her-asws, protecting her-asws from front, and from behind, and from right and from her-asws left, and they would be with her-asws during her-asws lifetime and by her-asws grave after her-asws passing away, frequenting the Salawat upon her-asws and upon her-asws father-saww, and her-asws husband-asws, and her-asws two sons-asws.
فَمَنْ زَارَنِي بَعْدَ وَفَاتِي فَكَأَنَّمَا زَارَنِي فِي حَيَاتِي وَ مَنْ زَارَ فَاطِمَةَ فَكَأَنَّمَا زَارَنِي وَ مَنْ زَارَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فَكَأَنَّمَا زَارَ فَاطِمَةَ وَ مَنْ زَارَ الْحَسَنَ وَ الْحُسَيْنَ فَكَأَنَّمَا زَارَ عَلِيّاً وَ مَنْ زَارَ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمَا فَكَأَنَّمَا زَارَهُمَا
So the one who visits me-asws after my-saww expiry, so it is as if he has visited me-saww during my-saww lifetime, and the one who visits (Syeda) Fatima-asws it is as if he has visited me-saww, and the one who visits Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, so it is as if he has visited (Syeda) Fatima-asws, and the one who visits Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws, so it is as if he has visited Ali-asws, and the one who visits their-asws children-asws, so it is as if he has visited the two of them-asws.
فَعَمَدَ عَمَّارٌ إِلَى الْعِقْدِ وَ طَيَّبَهُ بِالْمِسْكِ وَ لَفَّهُ فِي بُرْدَةٍ يَمَانِيَّةٍ وَ كَانَ لَهُ عَبْدٌ اسْمُهُ سَهْمٌ ابْتَاعَهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ السَّهْمِ الَّذِي أَصَابَهُ بِخَيْبَرَ فَدَفَعَ الْعِقْدَ إِلَى الْمَمْلُوكِ وَ قَالَ لَهُ خُذْ هَذَا الْعِقْدَ فَادْفَعْهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ أَنْتَ لَهُ فَأَخَذَ الْعِقْدَ فَأَتَى بِهِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص وَ أَخْبَرَهُ بِقَوْلِ عَمَّارٍ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ
So Ammar deliberated to the pendant and aromatised it with the musk and enveloped it in a Yemeny cloth. And it was so that he had a slave whose name was Sahm whom he had bought from that share which he had attained at Khyber. So he handed over the pendant to the slave and said to him, ‘Take this pendant and hand it over to Rasool-Allah-saww, and you are (also) for him-saww’. So he came over to Rasool-Allah-saww with it and informed him-saww of the words of Ammar, may Allah-azwj have Mercy on him.
فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص انْطَلِقْ إِلَى فَاطِمَةَ فَادْفَعْ إِلَيْهَا الْعِقْدَ وَ أَنْتَ لَهَا فَجَاءَ الْمَمْلُوكُ بِالْعِقْدِ وَ أَخْبَرَهَا بِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ فَأَخَذَتْ فَاطِمَةُ ع الْعِقْدَ وَ أَعْتَقَتِ الْمَمْلُوكَ فَضَحِكَ الْغُلَامُ فَقَالَتْ فَاطِمَةُ ع مَا يُضْحِكُكَ يَا غُلَامُ؟ فَقَالَ أَضْحَكَنِي عِظَمُ بَرَكَةِ هَذَا الْعِقْدِ أَشْبَعَ جَائِعاً وَ كَسَا عُرْيَاناً وَ أَغْنَى فَقِيراً وَ أَعْتَقَ عَبْداً وَ رَجَعَ إِلَى رَبِّهِ.
So the Prophet-saww Said: ‘Go to (Syeda) Fatima-asws and hand the pendant over to her-asws, and you (also) are for her-asws’. So the slave came over with the pendant and informed her-asws of the words of Rasool-Allah-saww. (Syeda) Fatima-asws took the pendant and freed the slave. So the slave laughed. (Syeda) Fatima-asws said: ‘What makes you laugh O slave?’ He said, ‘It is the greatness of this pendant which makes me laugh. It satiated a hungry one, and clothed a bare one, and enriched a poor one, and freed a slave, and returned back to its (original) owner’.[9]
The Famous Debate of 8th Imam-asws on the Merits of Sadat:
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الرَّيَّانِ بْنِ الصَّلْتِ قَالَ:
It was narrated to us by Muhammad Bin Abdullah Bin Ja’far Al Humeyri, from his father, from Al Rayyan Bin Al Salt who said,
حَضَرَ الرِّضَا ع مَجْلِسَ الْمَأْمُونِ بِمَرْوَ وَ قَدِ اجْتَمَعَ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ عُلَمَاءِ الْعِرَاقِ وَ خُرَاسَانَ فَقَالَ الْمَأْمُونُ أَخْبِرُونِي عَنْ مَعْنَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ ثُمَّ أَوْرَثْنَا الْكِتابَ الَّذِينَ اصْطَفَيْنا مِنْ عِبادِنا فَقَالَتِ الْعُلَمَاءُ أَرَادَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِذَلِكَ الْأُمَّةَ كُلَّهَا فَقَالَ الْمَأْمُونُ مَا تَقُولُ يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ فَقَالَ الرِّضَا ع لَا أَقُولُ كَمَا قَالُوا وَ لَكِنِّي أَقُولُ أَرَادَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِذَلِكَ الْعِتْرَةَ الطَّاهِرَةَ
‘Al-Reza-asws attended the gathering of Al-Mamoun at Merv, and he had gathered in his gathering a group of scholars of Al-Iraq and Khurasan. Al-Mamoun said, ‘Inform me about the meaning of this Verse [35:32] Then We Gave the Book as an inheritance to those whom We Chose from among Our servants’. So the scholars said, ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Intends by that the community, all of it’. So Al-Mamoun said, ‘What are you-asws saying, ‘O Abu Al-Hassan-asws?’ So he-asws said: ‘I-asws am saying just as what they are saying, but I-asws am saying, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Intends by that the clean offspring (of Rasool-Allah-saww)’.
فَقَالَ الْمَأْمُونُ فَكَيْفَ عَنَى الْعِتْرَةَ مِنْ دُونِ الْأُمَّةِ؟ فَقَالَ الرِّضَا ع إِنَّهُ لَوْ أَرَادَ الْأُمَّةَ كُلَّهَا لَكَانَتْ أَجْمَعَهَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى فَمِنْهُمْ ظالِمٌ لِنَفْسِهِ وَ مِنْهُمْ مُقْتَصِدٌ وَ مِنْهُمْ سابِقٌ بِالْخَيْراتِ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ذلِكَ هُوَ الْفَضْلُ الْكَبِيرُ ثُمَّ جَمَعَهُمْ كُلَّهُمْ فِي الْجَنَّةِ فَقَالَ جَنَّاتُ عَدْنٍ يَدْخُلُونَها يُحَلَّوْنَ فِيها مِنْ أَساوِرَ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ فَصَارَتِ الْوِرَاثَةُ لِلْعِتْرَةِ الطَّاهِرَةِ لَا لِغَيْرِهِمْ
Al-Mamoun said, ‘So how does it Mean the offspring (only) besides the (whole) community?’ Al-Reza-asws said: ‘It is so that if it Meant the community, all of it, they would (all) be gathered in the Paradise due to the Words of Allah-azwj Blessed and High [35:32] but from them is he who unjust to his own self, and of them is he who is moderate, and of them is he who is foremost in deeds of goodness by Allah’s Permission; that is the great virtue. Then, all of them would be gathered in the Paradise, so He-azwj Said [35:33] Gardens of Eden, they shall enter therein; they shall be wearing therein bracelets of gold. So it will come to be an inheritance for the clean offspring, not for others’.
فَقَالَ الْمَأْمُونُ مَنِ الْعِتْرَةُ الطَّاهِرَةُ؟ فقَالَ الرِّضَا ع الَّذِينَ وَصَفَهُمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي كِتَابِهِ فَقَالَ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ إِنَّما يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَ يُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيراً وَ هُمُ الَّذِينَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِنِّي مُخَلِّفٌ فِيكُمُ الثَّقَلَيْنِ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ وَ عِتْرَتِي أَهْلَ بَيْتِي وَ إِنَّهُمَا لَنْ يَفْتَرِقَا حَتَّى يَرِدَا عَلَيَّ الْحَوْضَ انْظُرُوا كَيْفَ تَخْلُفُونِّي فِيهِمَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ لَا تُعَلِّمُوهُمْ فإنه [فَإِنَّهُمْ] أَعْلَمُ مِنْكُمْ
Al-Mamoun said, ‘Who are the clean offspring?’ So Al-Reza-asws said: ‘Those whom Allah-azwj the Exalted has Described in His-azwj Book, and the Majestic and Mighty Said [33:33] But rather, Allah Desires to Keep away the uncleanness from you, O people of the House! And to Purify you a with a Purification. And they-asws are those for whom Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘I-saww am leaving behind among you all, two weighty things – the Book of Allah-azwj and my-saww offspring, the People of my-saww Household, and these two will never separate until they return to me-saww at the Fountain. Look at how they are opposing me-saww regarding them. O you people! Do not (try to) teach them-asws, for they-asws are more knowledgeable than you are!’
قَالَ الْعُلَمَاءُ أَخْبِرْنَا يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ عَنِ الْعِتْرَةِ أَ هُمُ الْآلُ أَوْ غَيْرُ الْآلِ؟ فَقَالَ الرِّضَا ع هُمُ الْآلُ فَقَالَتِ الْعُلَمَاءُ فَهَذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص يُؤْثِرُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أُمَّتِي آلِي وَ هَؤُلَاءِ أَصْحَابُهُ يَقُولُونَ بِالْخَبَرِ الْمُسْتَفَاضِ الَّذِي لَا يُمْكِنُ دَفْعُهُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ أُمَّتُهُ
The scholars said, ‘Inform us, O Abu Al-Hassan-asws, about the offspring, are they the family or other than the family?’ So Al-Reza-asws said: ‘They-asws are the family’. So the scholars said, ‘This is Rasool-Allah-saww. There is a Hadeeth from him-saww that he-saww said: ‘My-saww community is my-saww family, and they are his-saww companions. They are speaking with the goodness. It is widespread, which it is not possible to repel that the family of Muhammad-saww is his-saww community’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع أَخْبِرُونِي هَلْ تُحَرَّمُ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَى الْآلِ؟ قَالُوا نَعَمْ قَالَ فَتُحَرَّمُ عَلَى الْأُمَّةِ قَالُوا لَا قَالَ هَذَا فَرْقُ مَا بَيْنَ الْآلِ وَ الْأُمَّةِ وَيْحَكُمْ أَيْنَ يَذْهَبُ بِكُمْ أَ ضَرَبْتُمْ عَنِ الذِّكْرِ صَفْحاً أَمْ أَنْتُمْ قَوْمٌ مُسْرِفُونَ؟ أَ مَا عَلِمْتُمْ أَنَّهُ وَقَعَتِ الْوِرَاثَةُ وَ الطَّهَارَةُ عَلَى الْمُصْطَفَيْنَ الْمُهْتَدِينَ دُونَ سَائِرِهِمْ؟
So Abu Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘Inform me, if the charity Prohibited unto the family?’ They said, ‘Yes’. He-asws said: ‘So, it is Prohibited upon the (whole) community?’ They said, ‘No’. He-asws said: ‘This is the difference what is between the family and the community. Woe be unto you all! Where are you heading? Are you striking (examples) about the Zikr or are you an extravagant people? But, do you not know that the inheritance and the cleanliness occur upon the Chosen ones, the Guided ones, besides the rest of them?’
قَالُوا أَيْنَ يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ؟ قَالَ مِنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ لَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنا نُوحاً وَ إِبْراهِيمَ وَ جَعَلْنا فِي ذُرِّيَّتِهِمَا النُّبُوَّةَ وَ الْكِتابَ فَمِنْهُمْ مُهْتَدٍ وَ كَثِيرٌ مِنْهُمْ فاسِقُونَ فَصَارَتْ وِرَاثَةُ النُّبُوَّةِ وَ الْكِتَابُ لِلْمُهْتَدِينَ دُونَ الْفَاسِقِينَ
They said, ‘Where (is this from the Quran), O Abu Al-Hassan-asws?’ He-asws said: ‘From the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic [57:26] And certainly We sent Nuh and Ibrahim and We Made the Prophet-hood and the Book to be in their offspring; so among them are those who are guided, and most of them are transgressors. Thus, the Guided ones came to be the inheritors of the Prophet-hood and the Book besides the transgressors.
أَ مَا عَلِمْتُمْ أَنَّ نُوحاً ع حِينَ سَأَلَ رَبَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ فَقالَ رَبِّ إِنَّ ابْنِي مِنْ أَهْلِي وَ إِنَّ وَعْدَكَ الْحَقُّ وَ أَنْتَ أَحْكَمُ الْحاكِمِينَ؟ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَعَدَهُ أَنْ يُنْجِيَهُ وَ أَهْلَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَبُّهُ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ أَهْلِكَ إِنَّهُ عَمَلٌ غَيْرُ صالِحٍ فَلا تَسْئَلْنِ ما لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ إِنِّي أَعِظُكَ أَنْ تَكُونَ مِنَ الْجاهِلِينَ
But, do you not know that Noah-as, when he-saww asked his-as Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic and he-as said [11:45] And Noah cried out to his Lord and said: Lord! Surely my son is of my family, and Your Promise is the Truth, and You are the Judge of the judges? And that is because Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestif Promised him-as that He-azwj would Save him-as and his-as family. So his-as Lord-azwj Said to him-as [11:46] He is not from your family; he is (the doer of) other than righteous deeds, therefore do not ask Me of that which you have no knowledge of; I Advise you, lest you may become of the ignorant.
فَقَالَ الْمَأْمُونُ هَلْ فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ الْعِتْرَةَ عَلَى سَائِرِ النَّاسِ فِي مُحْكَمِ كِتَابِهِ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَبَانَ فَضْلَ الْعِتْرَةِ عَلَى سَائِرِ النَّاسِ فِي مُحْكَمِ كِتَابِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَأْمُونُ أَيْنَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ؟
So Al-Mamoun said, ‘Has Allah-azwj Merited the offspring over the rest of the people in the Decisive (Verses) of His-azwj Book?’ Abu Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘Certainly Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Clarified the Merits of the offspring over the rest of the people in the Decisive (Verses) of His-azwj Book’. So Al-Mamoun said, ‘Where is that from the Book of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic?’
فَقَالَ لَهُ الرِّضَا ع فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفى آدَمَ وَ نُوحاً وَ آلَ إِبْراهِيمَ وَ آلَ عِمْرانَ عَلَى الْعالَمِينَ ذُرِّيَّةً بَعْضُها مِنْ بَعْضٍ وَ قَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ أَمْ يَحْسُدُونَ النَّاسَ عَلى ما آتاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ فَقَدْ آتَيْنا آلَ إِبْراهِيمَ الْكِتابَ وَ الْحِكْمَةَ وَ آتَيْناهُمْ مُلْكاً عَظِيماً
So Al-Reza-asws said to him: ‘In His-azwj Words, the Mighty and Majestic [3:33] Surely Allah chose Adam and Noah and the Progeny of Ibrahim and the Progeny of Imran above the nations [3:34] Offspring one from the other. And the Mighty and Majestic Said in another place [4:54] Or are they envying the people for what Allah has Given them of His Grace? But indeed We have given to the Progeny of Ibrahim, the Book and the Wisdom, and We have Given them a Grand Kingdom.
ثُمَّ رَدَّ الْمُخَاطَبَةَ فِي أَثَرِ هَذَا إِلَى سَائِرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَقَالَ يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَ أَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَ أُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ يَعْنِي الَّذِينَ عَرَّفَهُمْ بِالْكِتَابِ وَ الْحِكْمَةِ وَ حَسَدُوا عَلَيْهِمَا فَقَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ أَمْ يَحْسُدُونَ النَّاسَ عَلى ما آتاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ فَقَدْ آتَيْنا آلَ إِبْراهِيمَ الْكِتابَ وَ الْحِكْمَةَ وَ آتَيْناهُمْ مُلْكاً عَظِيماً يَعْنِي الطَّاعَةَ لِلْمُصْطَفَيْنَ الطَّاهِرِينَ فَالْمُلْكُ هَاهُنَا هُوَ الطَّاعَةُ لَهُمْ
Then He-azwj Returned to Address in the follow up of this to the rest of the Momineen, so He-azwj Said [4:59] O you who believe! Obey Allah and obey the Rasool and those in authority from among you, Meaning those whom He-azwj had Acquainted with the Book and the wisdom, and they had been envied upon. Thus, His-azwj Words, the Mighty and Majestic, [4:54] Or are they envying the people for what Allah has Given them of His Grace? But indeed We have given to the Progeny of Ibrahim, the Book and the Wisdom, and We have Given them a Grand Kingdom. Means the obedience to the Chosen ones, the clean ones. Therefore, the kingdom over here, it is the obedience to them-asws’.
قَالَتِ الْعُلَمَاءُ فَأَخْبِرْنَا هَلْ فَسَّرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الِاصْطِفَاءَ فِي كِتَابِهِ فَقَالَ الرِّضَا فَسَّرَ الِاصْطِفَاءَ فِي الظَّاهِرِ سِوَى الْبَاطِنِ فِي اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ مَوْطِناً وَ مَوْضِعاً فَأَوَّلُ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ أَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ وَ رَهْطَكَ الْمُخْلَصِينَ هَكَذَا فِي قِرَاءَةِ أُبَيٍّ وَ كَعْبٍ وَ هِيَ ثَابِتَةٌ فِي مُصْحَفِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَ هَذِهِ مَنْزِلَةٌ رَفِيعَةٌ وَ فَضْلٌ عَظِيمٌ وَ شَرَفٌ عَالٍ حِينَ عَنَى اللَّهُ بِذَلِكَ الْآلَ فَذَكَرَهُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَهَذِهِ وَاحِدَةٌ
The scholars said, ‘Inform us, has Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic explained the Choosing in His-azwj Book?’ So Al-Reza-asws said: ‘The Choosing is explained in the apparent, besides the hidden, in twelve places and subjects. The first of that are His-azwj Words, the Mighty and Majestic [26:214] And warn your nearest relations and your group of sincere ones’. This is how it was in the recitation of my-asws father-asws and Ka’ab, and it is proven in the Parchment of Abdullah Bin Mas’ud, and this is its stature, and great merit, and high nobility, where Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Meant the Progeny-asws. So He-azwj Mentioned it for Rasool-Allah-saww’. So this is one.
وَ الْآيَةُ الثَّانِيَةُ فِي الِاصْطِفَاءِ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ إِنَّما يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَ يُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيراً وَ هَذَا الْفَضْلُ الَّذِي لَا يَجْهَلُهُ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا مُعَانِدٌ ضَالٌّ لِأَنَّهُ فَضْلٌ بَعْدَ طَهَارَةٍ يَنْتَظِرُ فِيهَا فَهَذِهِ الثَّانِيَةُ
And the second Verse regarding the Choosing are the Words of the Mighty and Majestic [33:33] But rather, Allah Desires to Keep away the uncleanness from you, O people of the House! And to Purify you a with a Purification. And this is the merit which no one is ignorant of except for an obstinate strayer, because it is a merit after the cleansing awaiting therein. So this is the second.
وَ أَمَّا الثَّالِثَةُ فَحِينَ مَيَّزَ اللَّهُ الطَّاهِرِينَ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ فَأَمَرَ نَبِيَّهُ ص بِالْمُبَاهَلَةِ بِهِمْ فِي آيَةِ الِابْتِهَالِ فَقَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قُلْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ فَمَنْ حَاجَّكَ فِيهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ ما جاءَكَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ فَقُلْ تَعالَوْا نَدْعُ أَبْناءَنا وَ أَبْناءَكُمْ وَ نِساءَنا وَ نِساءَكُمْ وَ أَنْفُسَنا وَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ ثُمَّ نَبْتَهِلْ فَنَجْعَلْ لَعْنَتَ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْكاذِبِينَ فَأَبْرَزَ النَّبِيُّ ص عَلِيّاً وَ الْحَسَنَ وَ الْحُسَيْنَ وَ فَاطِمَةَ وَ قَرَنَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ بِنَفْسِهِ فَهَلْ تَدْرُونَ مَا مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى وَ أَنْفُسَنا وَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ
And as for the third, so when Allah-azwj Distinguished the clean ones from His-azwj creatuers, He-azwj Commanded His-azwj Prophet-saww with the imprecation by them-asws in the Verse of the Imprecation. So the Mighty and the Majestic Said [3:61] But whoever argues with you in this matter after what has come to you from the Knowledge, then say: Come, let us call our sons and your sons and our women and your women and ourselves and yourselves, then let us invoke and make the Curse of Allah to be upon the liars. So the Prophet-saww brought forward Ali-asws, and Al-Hassan-asws, and Al-Husayn-asws, and (Syeda) Fatima-asws, and paired their-asws selves with himself-saww. So are you knowing what is the Meaning of His-azwj Words, the Exalted ourselves and yourselves?’
قَالَتِ الْعُلَمَاءُ عَنَى بِهِ نَفْسَهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع غَلِطْتُمْ إِنَّمَا عَنَى بِهَا عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع وَ مِمَّا يَدُلُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ص حِينَ قَالَ لَتَنْتَهِيَنَّ بَنُو وَلِيعَةَ أَوْ لَأَبْعَثَنَّ إِلَيْهِمْ رَجُلًا كَنَفْسِي يَعْنِي عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَ عَنَى بِالْأَبْنَاءِ الْحَسَنَ وَ الْحُسَيْنَ وَ عَنَى بِالنِّسَاءِ فَاطِمَةَ ع فَهَذِهِ خُصُوصِيَّةٌ لَا يَتَقَدَّمُهُمْ فِيهَا أَحَدٌ وَ فَضْلٌ لَا يَلْحَقُهُمْ فِيهِ بَشَرٌ وَ شَرَفٌ لَا يَسْبِقُهُمْ إِلَيْهِ خَلْقٌ إِنْ جَعَلَ نَفْسَ عَلِيٍّ كَنَفْسِهِ فَهَذِهِ الثَّالِثَةُ
The scholars said, ‘It Means by it, himself-saww’. So Abu Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘You are wrong. But rather is Means by it, Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, and from what indicates upon that are the words of the Prophet-saww where he-saww said: ‘I-saww shall finish them, the Clan of Waliyya, or I-saww shall send to them a man like myself-saww, meaning Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws. And it Means by the ‘sons’, Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws, and it Means by ‘the women’, Fatima-asws. Thus, this is the speciality no one has preceded them-asws to, and a merit no mortal is joined with them in it, and a nobility no creature has preceded them-asws to, that he-saww made the self of Ali-asws like his-saww own self. So this is the third.
وَ أَمَّا الرَّابِعَةُ فَإِخْرَاجُ النَّاسِ مِنْ مَسْجِدِهِ مَا خَلَا الْعِتْرَةَ حَتَّى تَكَلَّمَ النَّاسُ فِي ذَلِكَ وَ تَكَلَّمَ الْعَبَّاسُ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ تَرَكْتَ عَلِيّاً فَأَخْرَجْتَنَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَا أَنَا تَرَكْتُهُ وَ أَخْرَجْتُكُمْ وَ لَكِنَّ اللَّهَ تَرَكَهُ وَ أَخْرَجَكُمْ/ وَ فِي هَذَا تِبْيَانُ قَوْلِهِ ص لِعَلِيٍّ أَنْتَ مِنِّي بِمَنْزِلَةِ هَارُونَ مِنْ مُوسَى
And as for the fourth, so he-saww exited the people from his-saww Masjid apart from the offspring, to the extent that the people talked regarding that, and Al-Abbas spoke and he said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! You-saww left Ali-asws and exited us?’ So Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘It was not I-saww who left him-asws and exited you all, but Allah-azwj Left him-asws and Exited you all’. And in this is the explanation of his-saww words to Ali-asws: ‘You-asws are from me-saww at the status of Haroun-as from Musa-as’’.
قَالَتِ الْعُلَمَاءُ فَأَيْنَ هَذَا مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أُوجِدُكُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ قُرْآناً أَقْرَؤُهُ عَلَيْكُمْ قَالُوا هَاتِ قَالَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ أَوْحَيْنا إِلى مُوسى وَ أَخِيهِ أَنْ تَبَوَّءا لِقَوْمِكُما بِمِصْرَ بُيُوتاً وَ اجْعَلُوا بُيُوتَكُمْ قِبْلَةً فَفِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ مَنْزِلَةُ هَارُونَ مِنْ مُوسَى وَ فِيهَا أَيْضاً مَنْزِلَةُ عَلِيٍّ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص حِينَ قَالَ أَنْتَ مِنِّي بِمَنْزِلَةِ هَارُونَ وَ مَعَ هَذَا دَلِيلٌ ظَاهِرٌ فِي قَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص حِينَ قَالَ إِلَّا أَنَّ هَذَا الْمَسْجِدَ لَا يَحِلُّ لِجُنُبٍ إِلَّا لِمُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ
The scholars said, ‘So where is this from the Quran?’ Abu Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘You will find this in the Quran. I shall recite it upon you all’. They said, ‘Give!’ He-asws said: ‘The Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic [10:87] And We Revealed unto Musa and his brother, saying: Provide for your people houses to abide in Egypt and make your (own) houses as a Qiblah (Direction). So in this Verse is a status of Haroun-as from Musa-as, and therein as well is a status of Ali-asws from Rasool-Allah-saww where he-saww said: ‘You-asws are from me-saww at the status of Haroun-saww’, and along with this is an apparent evidence in the words of Rasool-Allah-saww where he-saww said: ‘Except that this Masjid, there is no Permission for one with sexual impurity, except for Muhammad-saww and his-saww Progeny-asws’’.
قَالَتِ الْعُلَمَاءُ يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ هَذَا الشَّرْحُ وَ هَذَا الْبَيَانُ لَا يُوجَدُ عِنْدَكُمْ أَهْلَ بَيْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ وَ مَنْ يُنْكِرُ لَنَا ذَلِكَ وَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ أَنَا مَدِينَةُ الْحِكْمَةِ وَ عَلِيٌّ بَابُهَا فَمَنْ أَرَادَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَلْيَأْتِهَا مِنْ بَابِهَا فَفِيمَا أَوْضَحْنَاهُ وَ شَرَحْنَاهُ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ وَ الشَّرَفِ وَ التَّقْدِمَةِ وَ الِاصْطِفَاءِ وَ الطَّهَارَةِ مَا لَا يُنْكِرُهُ مُعَانِدٌ وَ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الْحَمْدُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَهَذِهِ الرَّابِعَةُ
The scholars said, ‘O Abu Al-Hassan-asws! This commentary this statement is not found with you all, the People-asws of the Household of Rasool-Allah-saww’. Abu Al Hassan-asws said: ‘And who can deny that to us-asws, and Rasool-Allah-saww is saying: ‘I-saww am the city of Wisdom and Ali-asws is its gate’?’ Therefore, the one who intends the city, so let him come to it from its gate. From among what I-asws have clarified it, and commented on it from the merits, and the nobility, and the precedence, and the Choosing, and the cleanness what (even) an obstinate one cannot deny it. And for Allah-azwj is the Praise upon that. So this is the fourth’.
وَ أَمَّا الْخَامِسَةُ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ آتِ ذَا الْقُرْبى حَقَّهُ خُصُوصِيَّةٌ خَصَّهُمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الْعَزِيزُ الْجَبَّارُ بِهَا وَ اصْطَفَاهُمْ عَلَى الْأُمَّةِ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ قَالَ ادْعُوا لِي فَاطِمَةَ فَدُعِيَتْ لَهُ فَقَالَ يَا فَاطِمَةُ قَالَتْ لَبَّيْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ
And as for the fifth, the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic [17:26] And give to the near of kin his due in particular. Allah-azwj, the Exalted, the Mighty, the Compeller Particularised them-asws with it and Chose them over the community. So when this Verse was Revealed upon Rasool-Allah-saww, he-saww said: ‘Call Fatima-asws for me-saww’. So she-asws was called for him-saww and he-saww said: ‘O Fatima-asws!’ She-asws said: ‘Here I-asws am, O Rasool-Allah-saww!’
فَقَالَ ص هَذِهِ فَدَكُ هِيَ مِمَّا لَنْ يُوجَفَ عَلَيْهِ بِ خَيْلٍ وَ لا رِكابٍ وَ هِيَ لِي خَاصَّةً دُونَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ قَدْ جَعَلْتُهَا لَكِ كَمَا أَمَرَنِي اللَّهُ فَخُذِيهَا لَكِ وَ لِوُلْدِكِ فَهَذِهِ الْخَامِسَةُ
He-saww said: ‘This here is (Estate of) Fadak. It is from what a battle was never fought upon with the cavalry horses, nor camels, and it is for me-saww exclusively without any share for the Muslims, and I-saww have made it to be for you-asws just as Allah-azwj the High Commanded me-saww for it. Therefore, take it for yourself-asws and your-asws children-asws’. So this is the fifth.
وَ الْآيَةُ السَّادِسَةُ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ قُلْ لا أَسْئَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْراً إِلَّا الْمَوَدَّةَ فِي الْقُرْبى وَ هَذِهِ خُصُوصِيَّةٌ لِلنَّبِيِّ ص إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ خُصُوصِيَّةٌ لِلْآلِ دُونَ غَيْرِهِمْ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ حَكَى فِي ذِكْرِ نُوحٍ ع فِي كِتَابِهِ يا قَوْمِ لا أَسْئَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مالًا إِنْ أَجرِيَ إِلَّا عَلَى اللَّهِ وَ ما أَنَا بِطارِدِ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّهُمْ مُلاقُوا رَبِّهِمْ وَ لكِنِّي أَراكُمْ قَوْماً تَجْهَلُونَ
And the sixth Verse are the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic [42:23] Say: I do not ask of you any reward for it but love for my near relatives. And this is especially for the Prophet-saww up to the Day of Judgment and especially for the Progeny-asws besides the others, and that is because Allah-azwj Related in the Mention of Noah-as in His-azwj Book [11:29] And, O people! I do not ask you for wealth in return for it; my Recompense is upon Allah and I am not going to drive away those who believe; they shall meet their Lord, but I see you as a people who are ignorant.
وَ حَكَى عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَنْ هُودٍ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ لا أَسْئَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْراً إِنْ أَجْرِيَ إِلَّا عَلَى الَّذِي فَطَرَنِي أَ فَلا تَعْقِلُونَ وَ قَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِنَبِيِّهِ ص قُلْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ لا أَسْئَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْراً إِلَّا الْمَوَدَّةَ فِي الْقُرْبى وَ لَمْ يَفْرِضِ اللَّهُ مَوَدَّتَهُمْ إِلَّا وَ قَدْ عَلِمَ أَنَّهُمْ لَا يَرْتَدُّونَ عَنِ الدِّينِ وَ لَا يَرْجِعُونَ إِلَى ضَلَالٍ أَبَداً
And the Mighty and Majestic Related about Hud-as that he-as said [11:51] O people! I do not ask of you any Recompense for it; my Recompense is only with Him Who Originated me; do you not then understand? And the Mighty and Majestic Said to His-azwj Prophet-saww [42:23] Say: O Muhammad-saww! I do not ask of you any Recompense for it except for the cordiality for my near relatives. And Allah-azwj did not Impose their-asws cordiality except and He-azwj had Known that they-asws will not be reneging from the Religion nor would they-asws be returning to the straying, ever!
وَ أُخْرَى أَنْ يَكُونَ الرَّجُلُ وَادّاً لِلرَّجُلِ فَيَكُونُ بَعْضٌ عَدُوّاً لَهُ فَلَا يَسْلَمُ قَلْبُ الرَّجُلِ فَأَحَبَّ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ فِي قَلْبِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ شَيْءٌ فَفَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ مَوَدَّةَ ذَوِي الْقُرْبَى فَمَنْ أَخَذَ بِهَا وَ أَحَبَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص وَ أَحَبَّ أَهْلَ بَيْتِهِ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ أَنْ يُبْغِضَهُ وَ مَنْ تَرَكَهَا وَ لَمْ يَأْخُذْ بِهَا وَ أَبْغَضَ أَهْلَ بَيْتِهِ فَعَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أَنْ يُبْغِضَهُ لِأَنَّهُ تَرَكَ فَرِيضَةً مِنْ فَرَائِضِ اللَّهِ
And another is that the man cannot happen to be cordial to the man and he happens to be partly inimical to him, so the heart of the man does not submit. So Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Loved that there should not happen to be in the heart of Rasool-Allah-saww anything against the Momineen, and He-azwj Imposed upon them the cordiality of near relatives. Thus, the one who takes with it and loves Rasool-Allah-saww and loves the People-asws of his-saww Household, there would not be a capacity for Rasool-Allah-saww to hate him; and the one who leaves it and does not take with it and hates the People-asws of his-saww Household, so it is upon Rasool-Allah-saww that he-saww hates him, because he neglected an Obligation from the Obligations of Allah-azwj.
فَأَيُّ فَضِيلَةٍ وَ أَيُّ شَرَفٍ يَتَقَدَّمُ هَذَا أَوْ يُدَانِيهِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ ص قُلْ لا أَسْئَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْراً إِلَّا الْمَوَدَّةَ فِي الْقُرْبى فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَ أَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ وَ قَالَ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ فَرَضَ لِي عَلَيْكُمْ فَرْضاً فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُؤَدُّوهُ؟ فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ أَحَدٌ فَقَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِذَهَبٍ وَ لَا فِضَّةٍ وَ لَا مَأْكُولٍ وَ لَا مَشْرُوبٍ فَقَالُوا هَاتِ إِذًا فَتَلَا عَلَيْهِمْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ فَقَالُوا أَمَّا هَذَا فَنَعَمْ فَمَا وَفَى بِهَا أَكْثَرُهُمْ
So which merit and which nobility can precede this or come near it. Therefore, Allah-azwj Revealed this Verse upon His-azwj Prophet-saww [42:23] Say: I do not ask of you any Recompense for it except for the cordiality for my near relatives. So Rasool-Allah-saww stood among his-saww companion, and he-saww Praised Allah-azwj and Lauded upon Him-azwj and said: ‘O you people! Allah-azwj has Necessitated for me-saww an Obligation upon you all, so would you perform it?’ But no one answered him-saww. So he-saww said: O you people! It isn’t to be with the gold nor silver nor foodstuff nor drinks’. So they said, ‘Give!’ When he-saww recited this Verse to them, they said, ‘As for this, so yes’. But, most of them were not loyal with it.
وَ مَا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ نَبِيّاً إِلَّا أَوْحَى إِلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا يَسْأَلَ قَوْمَهُ أَجْراً إِلَّا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُوَفِّيهِ أَجْرَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَ مُحَمَّدٌ ص فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَوَدَّةَ قَرَابَتِهِ عَلَى أُمَّتِهِ وَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ أَجْرَهُ فِيهِمْ لِيُؤَدُّوهُ فِي قَرَابَتِهِ بِمَعْرِفَةِ فَضْلِهِمُ الَّذِي أَحَبَّ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهُمْ فَإِنَّ الْمَوَدَّةَ إِنَّمَا تَكُونُ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَعْرِفَةِ الْفَضْلِ
And Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic did not Send a Prophet-saww except He-azwj Revealed unto him-as that he-as should not ask his-as people for a recompense except that Allah-azwj would be Fulfilling the Recompense of the Prophets-as. And (as for) Muhammad-saww, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Necessitated the cordiality of his-saww relatives upon his-saww community and Commanded him-saww that he-saww makes his-saww recompense among them that should be cordial regarding his-saww relatives by recognition of their-asws merits which Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic had Gifted to them-asws, for the cordiality rather, would happen to be in accordance of the recognition of the merits.
فَلَمَّا أَوْجَبَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ ثَقُلَ لِثِقَلِ وُجُوبِ الطَّاعَةِ فَتَمَسَّكَ بِهَا قَوْمٌ أَخَذَ اللَّهُ مِيثَاقَهُمْ عَلَى الْوَفَاءِ وَ عَانَدَ أَهْلُ الشِّقَاقِ وَ النِّفَاقِ وَ الْحَسَدِ وَ أَلْحَدُوا فِي ذَلِكَ فَصَرَفُوهُ عَنْ حَدِّهِ الَّذِي حَدَّهُ اللَّهُ فَقَالُوا الْقَرَابَةُ هُمُ الْعَرَبُ كُلُّهَا وَ أَهْلُ دَعْوَتِهِ فَعَلَى أَيِّ الْحَالَتَيْنِ كَانَ فَقَدْ عَلِمْنَا أَنَّ الْمَوَدَّةَ لِلْقَرَابَةِ فَأَقْرَبُهُمْ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ص أَوْلَاهُمْ بِالْمَوَدَّةِ وَ كُلَّمَا قَرُبَتِ الْقَرَابَةُ كَانَتِ الْمَوَدَّةُ عَلَى قَدْرِهَا
So when Allah-azwj Obligated that weight of the heaviness of the Obligation of the obedience, so a people attached with it. Allah-azwj Took their Covenant upon the loyalty, and the people of wretchedness and hypocrisy and the envy were obstinate and they limited regarding that. So they left from its limits which Allah-azwj had Limited it and they said, ‘The relatives? They are the Arabs, all of them, and the people of his-saww calling (converts). So upon which two states would it be?’ So they had know that the cordiality is for the relatives, and the closest of them from the Prophet-saww would be the most preferential of them with the cordiality, and everyone who was closer with the closeness, the cordiality would be upon its measurement.
َ مَا أَنْصَفُوا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ص ص فِي حِيطَتِهِ وَ رَأْفَتِهِ وَ مَا مَنَّ اللَّهُ بِهِ عَلَى أُمَّتِهِ مِمَّا تُعْجِزُهُ الْأَلْسُنُ عَنْ وَصْفِ الشُّكْرِ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا يُؤْذُوهُ فِي ذُرِّيَّتِهِ وَ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ وَ أَنْ يَجْعَلُوهُمْ مِنْهُمْ كَمَنْزِلَةِ الْعَيْنِ مِنَ الرَّأْسِ حِفْظاً لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَ حُبّاً لِبَنِيهِ
And they did not do justice to the Prophet-saww of Allah-azwj regarding his-saww care and his-saww kindness, and whatever Allah-azwj had Favoured with upon his-saww community, from what the tongues are frustrated from describing the gratefulness upon, that they should not be hurting him-saww with regards to his-saww offspring and the People-saww of his-saww Household, and that they should make them-asws from them at the status of the eyes from the head, preserving to Rasool-Allah-saww and love for His-azwj Prophet-saww.
و فَكَيْفَ وَ الْقُرْآنُ يَنْطِقُ بِهِ وَ يَدْعُو إِلَيْهِ وَ الْأَخْبَارُ ثَابِتَةٌ بِأَنَّهُمْ أَهْلُ الْمَوَدَّةِ وَ الَّذِينَ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ مَوَدَّتَهُمْ وَ وَعَدَ الْجَزَاءَ عَلَيْهَا فَمَا وَفَى أَحَدٌ بِهَا فَهَذِهِ الْمَوَدَّةُ لَا يَأْتِي بِهَا أَحَدٌ مُؤْمِناً مُخْلِصاً إِلَّا اسْتَوْجَبَ الْجَنَّةَ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ وَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ عَمِلُوا الصَّالِحاتِ فِي رَوْضاتِ الْجَنَّاتِ لَهُمْ ما يَشاؤُنَ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ ذلِكَ هُوَ الْفَضْلُ الْكَبِيرُ
And how could they, and the Quran is speaking with it and calling towards it, and the Ahadeeth are affirming that they-asws are the people-asws of the cordiality, and those whose cordiality Allah-azwj has Necessitated and Promised the Recompense upon it. But no one was loyal with it. Thus, this is the cordiality, no Momin would come with it sincerely except Allah-azwj would Obligated the Paradise (for it) due to the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic in this Verse [42:22] and those who believe and do righteous deeds shall be in the Gardens of the Paradise; they shall have whatever they desire in the Presence of their Lord: that is the Great Grace.
ذلِكَ الَّذِي يُبَشِّرُ اللَّهُ عِبادَهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ عَمِلُوا الصَّالِحاتِ قُلْ لا أَسْئَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْراً إِلَّا الْمَوَدَّةَ فِي الْقُرْبى مُفَسِّراً وَ مُبَيِّناً
That is what Allah-azwj is Giving the glad tidings of to His-azwj servant who are believing and doing righteous deeds [42:23] Say: I do not ask of you any Recompense for it except for the cordiality for my near relatives, explained and clarified’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ جَدِّي عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ع قَالَ اجْتَمَعَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ وَ الْأَنْصَارُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالُوا إِنَّ لَكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَئُونَةً فِي نَفَقَتِكَ وَ فِيمَنْ يَأْتِيكَ مِنَ الْوُفُودِ وَ هَذِهِ أَمْوَالُنَا مَعَ دِمَائِكُمْ فَاحْكُمْ فِيهَا بَارّاً مَأْجُوراً أَعْطِ مَا شِئْتَ وَ أَمْسِكْ مَا شِئْتَ مِنْ غَيْرِ حَرَجٍ
Then Abu Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘My-asws father-asws narrated to me-asws from my-asws grandfather-asws, from Al-Husayn-asws Bin Ali-asws having said: ‘The Emigrants and the Helpers gathered to Rasool-Allah-saww and they said, ‘For you-saww, O Rasool-Allah-saww for you there is a provision regarding your-saww expenses, and regarding the ones who come to you-saww from the delegation, and this here is our wealth with our blood. So decide righteously with regards to it as a recompense. We would give whatever you-saww so desire and withhold whatever you-saww so desire, from without any objection’.
قَالَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَيْهِ الرُّوحَ الْأَمِينَ فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ قُلْ لا أَسْئَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْراً إِلَّا الْمَوَدَّةَ فِي الْقُرْبى يَعْنِي أَنْ يَوَدُّوا قَرَابَتِي مِنْ بَعْدِي فَخَرَجُوا فَقَالَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ مَا حَمَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ عَلَى تَرْكِ مَا عَرَضْنَا عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا لِيَحُثَّنَا عَلَى قَرَابَتِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا شَيْءٌ أَقَرَّهُ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ وَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ عَظِيماً
He-asws said: ‘So Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Caused the Trustworthy Spirit to descend unto him-asws, and he-as said: ‘O Muhammad-saww! [42:23] Say: I do not ask of you any Recompense for it except for the cordiality for my near relatives – meaning, ‘You should be cordial to my-saww relatives from after me-saww’. So they went out, and the hypocrites said, ‘Nothing carried Rasool-Allah-saww upon neglecting what we presented to him-saww except urging us upon his-saww relatives from after him-saww, it is only a thing to be accepted in his-saww gathering’. And that was grievous (to Rasool-Allah-saww) from their words.
فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ جَبْرَئِيلَ ع بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ أَمْ يَقُولُونَ افْتَراهُ قُلْ إِنِ افْتَرَيْتُهُ فَلا تَمْلِكُونَ لِي مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئاً هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِما تُفِيضُونَ فِيهِ كَفى بِهِ شَهِيداً بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَ هُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمُ النَّبِيَّ ص فَقَالَ هَلْ مِنْ حَدَثٍ فَقَالُوا إِي وَ اللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَقَدْ قَالَ بَعْضُنَا كَلَاماً غَلِيظاً كَرِهْنَاهُ فَتَلَا عَلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْآيَةَ فَبَكَوْا وَ اشْتَدَّ بُكَاؤُهُمْ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ هُوَ الَّذِي يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبادِهِ وَ يَعْفُوا عَنِ السَّيِّئاتِ وَ يَعْلَمُ ما تَفْعَلُونَ فَهَذِهِ السَّادِسَةُ
So Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Send down Jibraeel-as with this Verse [46:8] Or they say: He has forged it. Say: If I have forged it, you do not control anything for me from Allah; He Knows best what you utter concerning it; He is Sufficient as a Witness between me and you, and He is the Forgiving, the Merciful. So the Prophet-saww sent a message to them and he-saww said: ‘Has anything new occurred?’ They said, ‘Yes, by Allah-azwj, O Rasool-Allah-saww! Some of us have said a serious speech. We abhorred it’. So Rasool-Allah-saww recited at that the Verse, and they cried, and their crying intensified. So Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed [42:25] And He it is Who Accepts repentance from His servants and Pardons the evil deeds and He knows what you are doing. So this is the sixth.
وَ أَمَّا الْآيَةُ السَّابِعَةُ فَقَوْلُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَ مَلائِكَتَهُ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا صَلُّوا عَلَيْهِ وَ سَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيماً وَ قَدْ عَلِمَ الْمُعَانِدُونَ مِنْهُمْ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَدْ عَرَفْنَا التَّسْلِيمَ عَلَيْكَ وَ كَيْفَ الصَّلَاةُ قَالَ تَقُولُونَ اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ فَهَلْ بَيْنَكُمْ مَعَاشِرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي هَذَا خِلَافٌ؟ فَقَالُوا لَا
And as for the seventh Verse, so Allah-azwj the Exalted is Saying [33:56] Surely Allah and His Angels are Sending Blessings upon the Prophet; O you who believe! Send blessings upon him and submit to him with a (complete) submission. And the obstinate ones from them had known that when this Verse was Revealed, it was said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! We have recognised the submission to you-saww, and how is the Blessings (to be sent)?’ He-saww said: ‘You should be saying, ‘O Allah-azwj! Send Blessings upon Muhammad-saww and the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww just as You-azwj Sent Blessings upon Ibrahim-as and the Progeny of Ibrahim-as, You-azwj being the Praise-worthy, the Glorified’. Group of Muslims! So is there any differing between you all regarding this?’ They said, ‘No’.
قَالَ الْمَأْمُونُ هَذَا مَا لَا خِلَافَ فِيهِ أَصْلًا وَ عَلَيْهِ إِجْمَاعُ الْأُمَّةِ فَهَلْ عِنْدَكَ فِي الْآلِ شَيْءٌ أَوْضَحُ مِنْ هَذَا فِي الْقُرْآنِ قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع نَعَمْ أَخْبِرُونِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ يس وَ الْقُرْآنِ الْحَكِيمِ إِنَّكَ لَمِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ عَلى صِراطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ فَمَنْ عَنَى بِقَوْلِهِ يس قَالَتِ الْعُلَمَاءُ يس مُحَمَّدٌ ص لَمْ يَشُكَّ فِيهِ أَحَدٌ
Al-Mamoun said, ‘This is what there is no differing in it, originally, and upon it is the consensus of the community. Is there with you-asws anything clearer than this in the Quran?’ Abu Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘Yes. Inform me about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic [36:1] Ya Seen [36:2] I swear by the Wise Quran [36:3] Most surely you are one of the Rasools [36:4] Upon a Straight Path. So who is Meant by His-azwj Word ‘Ya Saeen’?’ The scholars said, ‘Ya Seen is Muhammad-saww. No one has doubts in it’.
قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَعْطَى مُحَمَّداً وَ آلَ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَضْلًا لَا يَبْلُغُ أَحَدٌ كُنْهَهُ وَ وَصْفَهُ إِلَّا مَنْ عَقَلَهُ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يُسَلِّمْ عَلَى أَحَدٍ إِلَّا عَلَى الْأَنْبِيَاءِ ع فَقَالَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى سَلامٌ عَلى نُوحٍ فِي الْعالَمِينَ وَ قَالَ سَلامٌ عَلى إِبْراهِيمَ وَ قَالَ سَلامٌ عَلى مُوسى وَ هارُونَ وَ لَمْ يَقُلْ سَلَامٌ عَلَى آلِ مُوسَى وَ هَارُونَ وَ قَالَ سَلَامٌ عَلَى آلِ يس يَعْنِي آلَ مُحَمَّدٍ ص
Abu Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Gave Muhammad-saww and the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-asws certain merits from that no one can reach his-saww nature and his-saww description except the one who has the ‘Aql’ (pious wisdom). And that is because Allah-azwj did not Greet upon anyone except upon His-azwj Prophets-as. So the Blessed and High Said [37:79] Greetings upon Nuh among the nations. And Said [37:109] Greetings be upon Ibrahim. And Said [37:120] Greetings be on Musa and Haroun. And did not Say: “Greetings be upon the Progeny of Musa-as and Haroun-as, and Said [37:130] Greetings be on Progeny of Yaseen – Meaning the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww’.
فَقَالَ الْمَأْمُونُ قَدْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ فِي مَعْدِنِ النُّبُوَّةِ شَرْحَ هَذَا وَ بَيَانَهُ فَهَذِهِ السَّابِعَةُ
Al-Mamoun said, ‘I have known that in the mine of Prophet-hood, there is an explanation of this and its declaration’. (Al-Reza-asws said): ‘So this is the seventh.
وَ أَمَّا الثَّامِنَةُ فَقَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ اعْلَمُوا أَنَّما غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَ لِلرَّسُولِ وَ لِذِي الْقُرْبى فَقَرَنَ سَهْمَ ذِي الْقُرْبَى مَعَ سَهْمِهِ وَ سَهْمِ رَسُولِهِ فَهَذَا فَضْلٌ أَيْضاً بَيْنَ الْآلِ وَ الْأُمَّةِ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى جَعَلَهُمْ فِي خَيْرٍ وَ جَعَلَ النَّاسَ فِي خَيْرٍ دُونَ ذَلِكَ وَ رَضِيَ لَهُمْ بِمَا رَضِيَ لِنَفْسِهِ وَ اصْطَفَاهُمْ فِيهِ فَبَدَأَ بِنَفْسِهِ ثُمَّ بِرَسُولِهِ ثُمَّ بِذِي الْقُرْبَى
And as for the eighth, so Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying [8:41] And know that whatever booty you gain, a fifth of it is for Allah and for the Rasool and for the near of kin. Thus He-azwj Paired the portion of the relatives with His-azwj Portion and the portion of His-azwj Rasool-saww. So this is a merit as well between the Progeny-asws and the people, because Allah-azwj Exalted Made them-asws to be in goodness and Made the people to be in goodness besides that, and was Pleased for them-asws what He-azwj was Pleased for Himself, and Chose them-asws with regards to it. So He-azwj Began with Himself-azwj, then with His-azwj Rasool-as, then with the relatives.
فَكُلُّ مَا كَانَ مِنَ الْفَيْءِ وَ الْغَنِيمَةِ وَ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا رَضِيَهُ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ لِنَفْسِهِ فَرَضِيَهُ لَهُمْ فَقَالَ وَ قَوْلُهُ الْحَقُ وَ اعْلَمُوا أَنَّما غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَ لِلرَّسُولِ وَ لِذِي الْقُرْبى فَهَذَا تَأْكِيدٌ مُؤَكَّدٌ وَ أَثَرٌ قَائِمٌ لَهُمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ النَّاطِقِ الَّذِي لا يَأْتِيهِ الْباطِلُ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَ لا مِنْ خَلْفِهِ تَنْزِيلٌ مِنْ حَكِيمٍ حَمِيدٍ
Therefore, everything which was from Al-Fey and the booty and other than that from what the Majestic and Mighty is Pleased for Himself-azwj, Necessitated for them. So He-azwj Said and His-azwj Word is the Truth [8:41] And know that whatever booty you gain, a fifth of it is for Allah and for the Rasool and for the near of kin. This is an emphatic confirmation, and an impact established for them up to the Day of Judgment in the Speaking Book of Allah-azwj which [41:42] Falsehood has not come to it from before it nor from after it; a Revelation from the Wise, the Praised One.
وَ أَمَّا قَوْلُهُ وَ الْيَتامى وَ الْمَساكِينِ فَإِنَّ الْيَتِيمَ إِذَا انْقَطَعَ قيمة سهمه [يُتْمُهُ] خَرَجَ مِنَ الْغَنَائِمِ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ فِيهَا نَصِيبٌ وَ كَذَلِكَ الْمِسْكِينُ إِذَا انْقَطَعَ مَسْكَنَتُهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ نَصِيبٌ مِنَ الْمَغْنَمِ وَ لَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَخْذُهُ وَ سَهْمُ ذِي الْقُرْبَى إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ قَائِمٌ فِيهِمْ لِلْغَنِيِّ وَ الْفَقِيرِ مِنْهُمْ لِأَنَّهُ لَا أَحَدٌ أَغْنَى مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ لَا مِنْ رَسُولِهِ ص
And as for His-azwj Words [8:41] and the orphans and the needy, so the orphan is when the amount of his share is cut off (when his orphan-hood is cut off), he is exited from the war booty and there would not happen to be a share for him in it, and similar to that is the need, when his neediness is cut off, there would not happen to be a share for him from the war booty, nor would it be Permissible for him to take it, and the share of the near relatives is up to the Day of Judgment, established regarding them, for the rich and the poor from them, because there is no one richer than Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, nor (richer) than His-azwj Rasool-saww.
فَجَعَلَ لِنَفْسِهِ سَهْماً مِنْهَا وَ لِرَسُولِهِ سَهْماً فَمَا رَضِيَهُ لِنَفْسِهِ وَ لِرَسُولِهِ رَضِيَهُ لَهُمْ وَ كَذَلِكَ الْفَيْءُ مَا رَضِيَهُ مِنْهُ لِنَفْسِهِ وَ لِنَبِيِّهِ رَضِيَهُ لِذِي الْقُرْبَى كَمَا أَجْرَاهُمْ فِي الْغَنِيمَةِ فَبَدَأَ بِنَفْسِهِ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ ثُمَّ بِرَسُولِهِ ثُمَّ بِهِمْ وَ قَرَنَ سَهْمَهُ بِسَهْمِ اللَّهِ وَ سَهْمِ رَسُولِهِ
So He-azwj Made a share for Himself-azwj from it and a share for His-azwj Rasool-saww. Whatever He-azwj was Pleased for Himself-azwj, and for His-azwj Rasool-saww, He-azwj was Pleased for them-asws. And similar to that is Al-Fey. Whatever He-azwj was Pleased from it for Himself-azwj and for His-azwj Prophet-saww, He-azwj was Pleased for the near relatives, just as He-azwj Informed them regarding the booty. So He-azwj Began with Himself-azwj, Majestic is His-azwj Majesty, then with His-azwj Rasool-saww, then with them-asws, and their-asws share is Paired with the Share of Allah-azwj and the share of His-azwj Rasool-saww.
كَذَلِكَ فِي الطَّاعَةِ قَالَ يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَ أَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَ أُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ فَبَدَأَ قَبْلًا بِنَفْسِهِ ثُمَّ بِرَسُولِهِ ثُمَّ بِأَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ وَ كَذَلِكَ آيَةُ الْوَلَايَةِ إِنَّما وَلِيُّكُمُ اللَّهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ وَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا فَجَعَلَ وَلَايَتَهُمْ مَعَ طَاعَةِ الرَّسُولِ مَقْرُونَةً بِطَاعَتِهِ كَمَا جَعَلَ سَهْمَهُمْ مَعَ سَهْمِ الرَّسُولِ مَقْرُوناً بِسَهْمِهِ فِي الْغَنِيمَةِ وَ الْفَيْءِ
Similar to that is the obedience. He-azwj Said [4:59] O you who believe! Obey Allah and obey the Rasool and those with Divine authority from among you. He-azwj Began with Himself-azwj before, then with His-azwj Rasool-saww, then with the People-asws of his-saww Household. And similar to that is the Verse of the Wilayah [5:55] But rather, only Allah is your Guardian and His Rasool and those who believe. So He-azwj Made their-asws Wilayah with the obedience to the Rasool-saww, being paired with His-azwj obedience, just as He-azwj Made their-asws share with the share of the Rasool-saww paired with His-azwj Share in the booty and Al-Fey.
فَتَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ وَ تَعَالَى مَا أَعْظَمَ نِعْمَتَهُ عَلَى أَهْلِ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ فَلَمَّا جَاءَتْ قِصَّةُ الصَّدَقَةِ نَزَّهَ رَسُولَهُ وَ نَزَّهَ أَهْلَ بَيْتِهِ فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقاتُ لِلْفُقَراءِ وَ الْمَساكِينِ وَ الْعامِلِينَ عَلَيْها وَ الْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَ فِي الرِّقابِ وَ الْغارِمِينَ وَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَ ابْنِ السَّبِيلِ فَرِيضَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ
So the Blessed and High, how great is His-azwj Bounty upon the People-asws of this Household. So when the story of the charity came, He-azwj Removed His-azwj Rasool-saww and Removed the People-asws of his-saww Household, and He-azwj Said [9:60] But rather, the charities are only for the poor and the needy, and the officials (appointed) over them, and those whose hearts are made to incline (to Truth) and the (ransoming of) captives and those in debts and in the Way of Allah and the wayfarer; an Ordinance from Allah; and Allah is Knowing, Wise.
فَهَلْ تَجِدُ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ جَعَلَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ سَهْماً لِنَفْسِهِ أَوْ لِرَسُولِهِ أَوْ لِذِي الْقُرْبَى لِأَنَّهُ لَمَّا نَزَّهَ نَفْسَهُ عَنِ الصَّدَقَةِ وَ نَزَّهَ رَسُولَهُ نَزَّهَ أَهْلَ بَيْتِهِ لَا بَلْ حَرَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ لِأَنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ مُحَرَّمَةٌ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ وَ هِيَ أَوْسَاخُ النَّاسِ لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُمْ لِأَنَّهُمْ طُهِّرُوا مِنْ كُلِّ دَنَسٍ وَ وَسَخٍ فَلَمَّا طَهَّرَهُمُ اللَّهُ وَ اصْطَفَاهُمْ رَضِيَ لَهُمْ مَا رَضِيَ لِنَفْسِهِ وَ كَرِهَ لَهُمْ مَا كَرِهَ لِنَفْسِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَهَذِهِ الثَّامِنَةُ
So, can you find in anything from that the Mighty and Majestic Made a Share to be for Himself-azwj, or for His-azwj Rasool-saww, or for the relatives? Because, when He-azwj Removed Himself-azwj from the Charity, and Removed His-azwj Rasool-saww, (also) Removed the People-asws of his-saww Household. No! But, He-azwj Prohibited pon them-asws, because the charity is Prohibited upon Muhammad-saww and the his-saww Progeny-asws, and it is the dirt of the people. It is not Permissible for them-asws because they-asws are clean from every filth and grime. So when Allah-azwj Cleaned them-asws and Chose them-asws, was Pleased for them-asws what He-azwj was Pleased for Himself-azwj, and Disliked for them-asws whatever He-azwj Disliked for Himself-azwj, Mighty and Majestic. So this is the eighth.
وَ أَمَّا التَّاسِعَةُ فَنَحْنُ أَهْلُ الذِّكْرِ الَّذِينَ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي مُحْكَمِ كِتَابِهِ فَسْئَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ لا تَعْلَمُونَ فَنَحْنُ أَهْلُ الذِّكْرِ فَاسْأَلُونَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ
And, as for the ninth, so we-asws are the People-asws of the Reminder (Ahl Al-Zikr) whom Allah-azwj the Exalted Speaks of in the Decisive (Verse) of His-azwj Book [16:43] so ask the People of the Reminder if you do not know. So we-asws are the People-asws of the Reminder, therefore ask us-asws if you are not knowing’.
فَقَالَتِ الْعُلَمَاءُ إِنَّمَا عَنَى بِذَلِكَ الْيَهُودَ وَ النَّصَارَى فَقَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَ هَلْ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ إِذًا يَدْعُونَا إِلَى دِينِهِمْ وَ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّهُ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ دِينِ الْإِسْلَامِ فَقَالَ الْمَأْمُونُ فَهَلْ عِنْدَكَ فِي ذَلِكَ شَرْحٌ بِخِلَافِ مَا قَالُوا يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ؟
So the scholars said, ‘But rather, it Means by that the Jews and the Christians’. So Abu Al-Hassan-asws said:’ Glory be to Allah-azwj! And it that allowed? When they are calling us to their Religion and are saying that it is superior that the Religion of Al-Islam?’ So Al-Mamoun said, ‘So is there with you-asws, regarding that, an explanation opposite to what they are saying, O Abu Al-Hassan-asws?’
فَقَالَ ع نَعَمْ الذِّكْرُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَ نَحْنُ أَهْلُهُ وَ ذَلِكَ بَيِّنٌ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حَيْثُ يَقُولُ فِي سُورَةِ الطَّلَاقِ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ يا أُولِي الْأَلْبابِ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكُمْ ذِكْراً رَسُولًا يَتْلُوا عَلَيْكُمْ آياتِ اللَّهِ مُبَيِّناتٍ فَالذِّكْرُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَ نَحْنُ أَهْلُهُ فَهَذِهِ التَّاسِعَةُ
So he-asws said: ‘Yes. The Reminder (Zikr) is Rasool-Allah-saww, and we-asws and his-saww People-asws, and that is clear in the Book of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic where He-azwj is Saying in Surah Al-Talaaq [65:10] therefore fear Allah, O men of understanding who believe! Allah has Sent down to you a Reminder, [65:11] A Messenger reciting to you the clear Verses of Allah. Thus, the Reminder is Rasool-Allah-saww and we-asws are his-saww People-asws. So this is the ninth.
وَ أَمَّا الْعَاشِرَةُ فَقَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي آيَةِ التَّحْرِيمِ حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهاتُكُمْ وَ بَناتُكُمْ وَ أَخَواتُكُمْ الْآيَةَ إِلَى آخِرِهَا فَأَخْبِرُونِي هَلْ تَصْلُحُ ابْنَتِي وَ ابْنَةُ ابْنِي وَ مَا تَنَاسَلَ مِنْ صُلْبِي لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا لَوْ كَانَ حَيّاً؟ قَالُوا لَا قَالَ فَأَخْبِرُونِي هَلْ كَانَتِ ابْنَةُ أَحَدِكُمْ تَصْلُحُ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا لَوْ كَانَ حَيّاً؟ قَالُوا نَعَمْ
And as for the tenth, so Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying in the Verse of the Prohibition [4:23] Forbidden to you are your mothers and your daughters and your sisters – the Verse up to its end. So inform me-asws! Is it correct for my-asws daughter and the daughter of my-asws son, and whatever is linked from my-asws lineage to Rasool-Allah-saww, you should marry her, if he-saww was alive?’ They said, ‘No’. He-asws said: ‘Then inform me-asws, would it be correct for a daughter of one of you that he-saww marry her if he-saww was alive?’ They said, ‘Yes’.
قَالَ فَفِي هَذَا بَيَانٌ لِأَنَّا مِنْ آلِهِ وَ لَسْتُمْ مِنْ آلِهِ وَ لَوْ كُنْتُمْ مِنْ آلِهِ لَحُرِّمَ عَلَيْهِ بَنَاتُكُمْ كَمَا حُرِّمَ عَلَيْهِ بَنَاتِي لِأَنَّا مِنْ آلِهِ وَ أَنْتُمْ مِنْ أُمَّتِهِ فَهَذَا فَرْقٌ بَيْنَ الْآلِ وَ الْأُمَّةِ لِأَنَّ الْآلَ مِنْهُ وَ الْأُمَّةُ إِذَا لَمْ تَكُنْ مِنَ الْآلِ لَيْسَتْ مِنْهُ فَهَذِهِ الْعَاشِرَةُ
He-asws said: ‘So in this is a clarification, as I-asws from his-saww Progeny-asws and you are not from his-saww Progeny-asws, and had you been from his-saww Progeny-asws, your daughters would have been Prohibited unto him-saww, and just as my-saww daughter would be Prohibited unto him-saww, because I-asws am from his-saww Progeny-asws and you are from his-saww community. So this is the difference between the Progeny-asws and the community, because the Progeny-asws is from him-saww, and the community, when it does not happen to be from the Progeny-asws, isn’t from him-saww. So this is the tenth.
وَ أَمَّا الْحَادِيَةَ عَشَرَ فَقَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي سُورَةِ الْمُؤْمِنِ عَنْ قَوْلِ رَجُلٍ مُؤْمِنٍ مِنْ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ وَ قالَ رَجُلٌ مُؤْمِنٌ مِنْ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ يَكْتُمُ إِيمانَهُ أَ تَقْتُلُونَ رَجُلًا أَنْ يَقُولَ رَبِّيَ اللَّهُ وَ قَدْ جاءَكُمْ بِالْبَيِّناتِ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ إِلَى تَمَامِ الْآيَةِ وَ كَانَ ابْنَ خَالِ فِرْعَوْنَ فَنَسَبَهُ إِلَى فِرْعَوْنَ بِنَسَبِهِ وَ لَمْ يُضِفْهُ إِلَيْهِ بِدِينِهِ وَ كَذَلِكَ خُصِصْنَا نَحْنُ إِذْ كُنَّا مِنْ آلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص بِوِلَادَتِنَا مِنْهُ وَ عَمَمْنَا النَّاسَ بِالدِّينِ فَهَذَا الْفَرْقُ بَيْنَ الْآلِ وَ الْأُمَّةِ فَهَذِهِ الْحَادِيَةَ عَشَرَ
And as for the eleventh, so Allah-azwj Mighty and Majetic is Saying in Surah Al-Momin on behalf of the words of the Momin man from the family of Pharaoh-la, [40:28] And a believing man of Pharaoh’s people who hid his faith said: Will you slay a man because he says: My Lord is Allah, and indeed he has brought to you clear Proofs from your Lord? – up to the completion of the Verse. And he was a son of the paternal uncle of Pharaoh-la, so he was linked to Pharaoh-la by his link, and he did not add to him with his-la religion. And similar to that we-asws are particularised from him-saww, when we-asws were from the Progeny-asws of the Rasool-saww by our-asws linage from him-saww, and the people are generalised with the Religion. So this is the difference between the Progeny-asws and the community. This is the eleventh.
وَ أَمَّا الثَّانِيَةَ عَشَرَ فَقَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ أْمُرْ أَهْلَكَ بِالصَّلاةِ وَ اصْطَبِرْ عَلَيْها فَخَصَّنَا اللَّهُ بِهَذِهِ الْخُصُوصِيَّةِ إِذْ أَمَرَنَا بِإِقَامِ الصَّلَاةِ ثُمَّ خَصَّنَا مِنْ دُونِ الْأُمَّةِ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص يَجِيءُ إِلَى بَابِ عَلِيٍّ وَ فَاطِمَةَ بَعْدَ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ تِسْعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ عِنْدَ حُضُورِ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ فَيَقُولُ الصَّلَاةَ رَحِمَكُمُ اللَّهُ وَ مَا أَكْرَمَ اللَّهُ أَحَداً مِنْ ذَرَارِيِّ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ مِثْلَ هَذِهِ الْكَرَامَةِ الَّتِي أَكْرَمَنَا بِهَا وَ خَصَّنَا مِنْ دُونِ جَمِيعِ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِمْ
And as for the twelfth, so Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying [20:132] And enjoin Salat upon your followers, and be constant at it. So Allah-azwj Particularised us-asws with this speciality when He-azwj Commanded with the establishment of the Salat, then Specialised us-asws from besides the community. And it was so that Rasool-Allah-saww would come to the door of Ali-asws and (Syeda) Fatima-asws after the Descent of this Verse for nine months, every day, at the attendance of every Salat, five times, and he-saww was saying: ‘May Allah-azwj have Mercy on you-asws all, and Allah-azwj has not Honoured anyone from the offspring of the Prophets-as with the like of this prestige which He-azwj has Honoured us-asws with, and Particularised us-asws from besides the entirety of the People of their-as Households’.
فَقَالَ الْمَأْمُونُ وَ الْعُلَمَاءُ جَزَاكُمُ اللَّهُ أَهْلَ بَيْتِ نَبِيِّكُمْ عَنِ الْأُمَّةِ خَيْراً فَمَا نَجِدُ الشَّرْحَ وَ الْبَيَانَ فِيمَا اشْتَبَهَ عَلَيْنَا إِلَّا عِنْدَكُمْ.
So Al-Mamoun and the scholars said, ‘May Allah-azwj Recompense you-asws all, the People-asws of the Household of your-asws Prophet-saww with goodness on behalf of the community. So we cannot find the explanations and the clarifications with regards to what is confusing upon us except with you-asws all’’.[10]
Appendix I:
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنِ الْعَبْدِ الصَّالِحِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ الْخُمُسُ مِنْ خَمْسَةِ أَشْيَاءَ مِنَ الْغَنَائِمِ وَ الْغَوْصِ وَ مِنَ الْكُنُوزِ وَ مِنَ الْمَعَادِنِ وَ الْمَلَّاحَةِ يُؤْخَذُ مِنْ كُلِّ هَذِهِ الصُّنُوفِ الْخُمُسُ فَيُجْعَلُ لِمَنْ جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لَهُ وَ يُقْسَمُ الْأَرْبَعَةُ الْأَخْمَاسِ بَيْنَ مَنْ قَاتَلَ عَلَيْهِ وَ وَلِيَ ذَلِكَ
Ali Bin Ibrahim Bin Hashim, from his father, from Hammad Bin Isa, from some of our companions,
(It has been narrated) from Al-Abd Al-Salih-asws (7th Imam-asws) having said: ‘The fifth (Al-Khums) is from five things – from the spoils (of war), and the diving, and from treasures, and from the mines and the salt-works. The fifth (Khums) would be taken from all of these types and it would be made to be for the ones whom Allah-azwj the Exalted Made it to be for, and four-fifths would be distributed upon the ones who fought upon it and the ones who supported that.
وَ يُقْسَمُ بَيْنَهُمُ الْخُمُسُ عَلَى سِتَّةِ أَسْهُمٍ سَهْمٌ لِلَّهِ وَ سَهْمٌ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَ سَهْمٌ لِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَ سَهْمٌ لِلْيَتَامَى وَ سَهْمٌ لِلْمَسَاكِينِ وَ سَهْمٌ لِأَبْنَاءِ السَّبِيلِ
And the fifth would be distributed upon six shares – a share being for Allah-azwj, and a share for Rasool-Allah-saww, and a share for the near of kin, and a share for the orphans, and a share for the poor, and a share for the children of the way (needy travellers).
فَسَهْمُ اللَّهِ وَ سَهْمُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ لِأُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنْ بَعْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) وِرَاثَةً فَلَهُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ سَهْمَانِ وِرَاثَةً وَ سَهْمٌ مَقْسُومٌ لَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَ لَهُ نِصْفُ الْخُمُسِ كَمَلًا وَ نِصْفُ الْخُمُسِ الْبَاقِي بَيْنَ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ
So the share of Allah-azwj and the share of Rasool-Allah-saww is for the Master-asws of the Command (Wali Al-Amr) from after Rasool-Allah-saww as an inheritance. Thus, for him-asws would be three shares, two share as an inheritance and a share distributed for him-asws (being near of kin) from Allah-azwj, and for him-asws would be half of the complete Khums; and the remaining half of the Khums would be between his-asws family members.
فَسَهْمٌ لِيَتَامَاهُمْ وَ سَهْمٌ لِمَسَاكِينِهِمْ وَ سَهْمٌ لِأَبْنَاءِ سَبِيلِهِمْ يُقْسَمُ بَيْنَهُمْ عَلَى الْكِتَابِ وَ السُّنَّةِ مَا يَسْتَغْنُونَ بِهِ فِي سَنَتِهِمْ فَإِنْ فَضَلَ عَنْهُمْ شَيْءٌ فَهُوَ لِلْوَالِي وَ إِنْ عَجَزَ أَوْ نَقَصَ عَنِ اسْتِغْنَائِهِمْ كَانَ عَلَى الْوَالِي أَنْ يُنْفِقَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ بِقَدْرِ مَا يَسْتَغْنُونَ بِهِ
Therefore, the share of the orphans, and the share of the poor, and the share of the children of the way (needy travellers), he-asws would distribute between them based upon the Book and the Sunnah what they would become needless with during their year. So if there is anything excess from them, so it would be for the Guardian-asws, and if there is frustration or a deficiency from their becoming needless, it would be upon the Guardian-asws that he-asws spends from him-asws by a measurement of what they could become needless with.
وَ إِنَّمَا صَارَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَمُونَهُمْ لِأَنَّ لَهُ مَا فَضَلَ عَنْهُمْ وَ إِنَّمَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ هَذَا الْخُمُسَ خَاصَّةً لَهُمْ دُونَ مَسَاكِينِ النَّاسِ وَ أَبْنَاءِ سَبِيلِهِمْ عِوَضاً لَهُمْ مِنْ صَدَقَاتِ النَّاسِ تَنْزِيهاً مِنَ اللَّهِ لَهُمْ لِقَرَابَتِهِمْ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) وَ كَرَامَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ لَهُمْ عَنْ أَوْسَاخِ النَّاسِ
And rather, it has come to be upon him-asws that he-asws prevents them, because for him-asws is what is excess from them, and rather Allah-azwj has Made the Khums to be especially for them, besides the poor ones of the people and their needy travellers as an alternate for them from the charities of the people as a distinction from Allah-azwj for them due to their near relationship with Rasool-Allah-saww and a Prestige from Allah-azwj for them, from the grime of the people.
فَجَعَلَ لَهُمْ خَاصَّةً مِنْ عِنْدِهِ مَا يُغْنِيهِمْ بِهِ عَنْ أَنْ يُصَيِّرَهُمْ فِي مَوْضِعِ الذُّلِّ وَ الْمَسْكَنَةِ وَ لَا بَأْسَ بِصَدَقَاتِ بَعْضِهِمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُمُ الْخُمُسَ هُمْ قَرَابَةُ النَّبِيِّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) الَّذِينَ ذَكَرَهُمُ اللَّهُ فَقَالَ وَ أَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ وَ هُمْ بَنُو عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ أَنْفُسُهُمْ الذَّكَرُ مِنْهُمْ وَ الْأُنْثَى لَيْسَ فِيهِمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ بُيُوتَاتِ قُرَيْشٍ وَ لَا مِنَ الْعَرَبِ أَحَدٌ وَ لَا فِيهِمْ وَ لَا مِنْهُمْ فِي هَذَا الْخُمُسِ مِنْ مَوَالِيهِمْ وَ قَدْ تَحِلُّ صَدَقَاتُ النَّاسِ لِمَوَالِيهِمْ وَ هُمْ وَ النَّاسُ سَوَاءٌ
Thus, he-asws makes it to be for them in particular, from Him-azwj what they could be needless with that from coming into a place of disgrace and neediness. And there is no problem with the charities of some of them upon the others, and they are those for whom Allah-azwj has Made the Khums. They are the near of kin of the Prophet-saww whom Allah-azwj has Mentioned, and He-azwj Said [26:214] And warn your nearest relations, and they are the Clan of Abdul Muttalib-as themselves, the males from them and the females. There aren’t among them from the people of the households of the Qureysh, nor from the Arabs anyone, nor among them, nor from them in this Khums from any of their friends, and the charities of the people has been Made permissible for their friends, and they and the people are equal.
وَ مَنْ كَانَتْ أُمُّهُ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَ أَبُوهُ مِنْ سَائِرِ قُرَيْشٍ فَإِنَّ الصَّدَقَاتِ تَحِلُّ لَهُ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ شَيْءٌ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ ادْعُوهُمْ لِآبائِهِمْ
The one whose mother was from the Clan of Hashim and his father was from the rest of the Qureysh, so the charities would be Permissible for him and there wouldn’t be anything for him from the Khums because Allah-azwj the Exalted is Saying [33:5] Assert their relationship to their fathers.
وَ لِلْإِمَامِ صَفْوُ الْمَالِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَمْوَالِ صَفْوَهَا الْجَارِيَةَ الْفَارِهَةَ وَ الدَّابَّةَ الْفَارِهَةَ وَ الثَّوْبَ وَ الْمَتَاعَ بِمَا يُحِبُّ أَوْ يَشْتَهِي فَذَلِكَ لَهُ قَبْلَ الْقِسْمَةِ وَ قَبْلَ إِخْرَاجِ الْخُمُسِ وَ لَهُ أَنْ يَسُدَّ بِذَلِكَ الْمَالِ جَمِيعَ مَا يَنُوبُهُ مِنْ مِثْلِ إِعْطَاءِ الْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا يَنُوبُهُ
And for the Imam-asws is the clean wealth that he-asws should take from these wealth, the cleanest of it – the luxurious maid, and the luxurious animal, and the clothes and the chattels. Whatever he-asws loves or desires, so that is for him before the distribution and before the extraction of the Khums. And for him-asws is that he-asws supports with that wealth the entirety of what he-asws is represented with from the likes of grants to incline their hearts and other than that from what he-asws is represented with.
فَإِنْ بَقِيَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ أَخْرَجَ الْخُمُسَ مِنْهُ فَقَسَمَهُ فِي أَهْلِهِ وَ قَسَمَ الْبَاقِيَ عَلَى مَنْ وَلِيَ ذَلِكَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَبْقَ بَعْدَ سَدِّ النَّوَائِبِ شَيْءٌ فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ وَ لَيْسَ لِمَنْ قَاتَلَ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْأَرَضِينَ وَ لَا مَا غَلَبُوا عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا مَا احْتَوَى عَلَيْهِ الْعَسْكَرُ
So if something were to remain after that, the Khums would be extracted from it and it would be distributed among his-asws family and the remainder would be distributed upon the ones who is the governor of that, and if there does not remain anything after the support of the representatives, then there would not be anything for them. And there isn’t anything for the fighter from the (captured) lands, nor what they overcome upon except for what the army encompasses upon.
وَ لَيْسَ لِلْأَعْرَابِ مِنَ الْقِسْمَةِ شَيْءٌ وَ إِنْ قَاتَلُوا مَعَ الْوَالِي لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) صَالَحَ الْأَعْرَابَ أَنْ يَدَعَهُمْ فِي دِيَارِهِمْ وَ لَا يُهَاجِرُوا عَلَى أَنَّهُ إِنْ دَهِمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ دَهْمٌ أَنْ يَسْتَنْفِرَهُمْ فَيُقَاتِلَ بِهِمْ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ فِي الْغَنِيمَةِ نَصِيبٌ وَ سُنَّتُهُ جَارِيَةٌ فِيهِمْ وَ فِي غَيْرِهِمْ
And there isn’t anything for the Bedouins from the distribution and even though they may have found along with the administrator, because Rasool-Allah-saww reconciled with the Bedouins that he-saww would leave them to be in their houses and they would not emigrate upon the stipulation that if Rasool-Allah-saww is ever raided from his-saww enemies with a raid, they would make them flee and fight with them and there wouldn’t be a share for them in the spoils, and his-saww Sunnah flows in them and in the others.
وَ الْأَرَضُونَ الَّتِي أُخِذَتْ عَنْوَةً بِخَيْلٍ وَ رِجَالٍ فَهِيَ مَوْقُوفَةٌ مَتْرُوكَةٌ فِي يَدِ مَنْ يَعْمُرُهَا وَ يُحْيِيهَا وَ يَقُومُ عَلَيْهَا عَلَى مَا يُصَالِحُهُمُ الْوَالِي عَلَى قَدْرِ طَاقَتِهِمْ مِنَ الْحَقِّ النِّصْفِ أَوِ الثُّلُثِ أَوِ الثُّلُثَيْنِ وَ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا يَكُونُ لَهُمْ صَلَاحاً وَ لَا يَضُرُّهُمْ
And the lands which are seized forcibly by cavalry horses and (infantry) men, so it would be suspended, left in the hands of the one who would build these and revive these, and look after upon these upon what the administrator would reconcile with them in accordance of their strength from the right, the half or the third or the two-third, and upon a measurement of what would happen to be correct for them, and he would not harm them.
فَإِذَا أُخْرِجَ مِنْهَا مَا أُخْرِجَ بَدَأَ فَأَخْرَجَ مِنْهُ الْعُشْرَ مِنَ الْجَمِيعِ مِمَّا سَقَتِ السَّمَاءُ أَوْ سُقِيَ سَيْحاً وَ نِصْفَ الْعُشْرِ مِمَّا سُقِيَ بِالدَّوَالِي وَ النَّوَاضِحِ فَأَخَذَهُ الْوَالِي فَوَجَّهَهُ فِي الْجِهَةِ الَّتِي وَجَّهَهَا اللَّهُ عَلَى ثَمَانِيَةِ أَسْهُمٍ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَ الْمَسَاكِينِ وَ الْعَامِلِينَ عَلَيْهَا وَ الْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَ فِي الرِّقَابِ وَ الْغَارِمِينَ وَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَ ابْنِ السَّبِيلِ
So if there comes forth from it what comes forth (harvest), so a tenth would be taken out from the entirety of what the sky has irrigated, or the clouds irrigate, and (it would be) half of the tenth (5%) from what is irrigated by the buckets or the dams. So the administrator would take it and divert it in the perspective which Allah-azwj has Diverted, upon eight shares – for the poor, and the needy, and the workers upon it, and the ones inclined of hearts, and regarding (freeing) of the slaves, and the creditors, and in the Way of Allah-azwj, and the needy traveller.
ثَمَانِيَةَ أَسْهُمٍ يَقْسِمُ بَيْنَهُمْ فِي مَوَاضِعِهِمْ بِقَدْرِ مَا يَسْتَغْنُونَ بِهِ فِي سَنَتِهِمْ بِلَا ضِيقٍ وَ لَا تَقْتِيرٍ فَإِنْ فَضَلَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ رُدَّ إِلَى الْوَالِي وَ إِنْ نَقَصَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ وَ لَمْ يَكْتَفُوا بِهِ كَانَ عَلَى الْوَالِي أَنْ يَمُونَهُمْ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ بِقَدْرِ سَعَتِهِمْ حَتَّى يَسْتَغْنُوا
(These) eight shares being distributed between them in their places by a measurement of what they could become needless with it during their years with neither being constricted nor being thrifty. So if there is anything excess from that, it would be returned to the administrator, and if something is deficient from that and they are not sufficed with it, it would be upon the administrator that he gifts it from him in accordance with their capacity until they become needless.
وَ يُؤْخَذُ بَعْدُ مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الْعُشْرِ فَيُقْسَمُ بَيْنَ الْوَالِي وَ بَيْنَ شُرَكَائِهِ الَّذِينَ هُمْ عُمَّالُ الْأَرْضِ وَ أَكَرَتُهَا فَيُدْفَعُ إِلَيْهِمْ أَنْصِبَاؤُهُمْ عَلَى مَا صَالَحَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ وَ يُؤْخَذُ الْبَاقِي فَيَكُونُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَرْزَاقَ أَعْوَانِهِ عَلَى دِينِ اللَّهِ وَ فِي مَصْلَحَةِ مَا يَنُوبُهُ مِنْ تَقْوِيَةِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ تَقْوِيَةِ الدِّينِ فِي وُجُوهِ الْجِهَادِ وَ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا فِيهِ مَصْلَحَةُ الْعَامَّةِ لَيْسَ لِنَفْسِهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَلِيلٌ وَ لَا كَثِيرٌ
And he (the administrator) would take afterwards, whatever remains from the tenth, and it would be distributed between the administrator and his associated, those who work the earth and supervise it. So he would hand their shares to them upon what he can reconcile them upon, and he would take the remainder, so that it would happen to be a sustenance for his supporters upon the Religion of Allah-saww and in the interests of what he is represented from the strengthening of Al-Islam and the strengthening of the Religion in its aspects of the Jihad and other than that, from what therein is the general interest of the people, and there isn’t anything for himself from that, be it little of more.
وَ لَهُ بَعْدَ الْخُمُسِ الْأَنْفَالُ وَ الْأَنْفَالُ كُلُّ أَرْضٍ خَرِبَةٍ قَدْ بَادَ أَهْلُهَا وَ كُلُّ أَرْضٍ لَمْ يُوجَفْ عَلَيْهَا بِخَيْلٍ وَ لَا رِكَابٍ وَ لَكِنْ صَالَحُوا صُلْحاً وَ أَعْطَوْا بِأَيْدِيهِمْ عَلَى غَيْرِ قِتَالٍ وَ لَهُ رُءُوسُ الْجِبَالِ وَ بُطُونُ الْأَوْدِيَةِ وَ الْآجَامُ وَ كُلُّ أَرْضٍ مَيْتَةٍ لَا رَبَّ لَهَا وَ لَهُ صَوَافِي الْمُلُوكِ مَا كَانَ فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهِ الْغَصْبِ لِأَنَّ الْغَصْبَ كُلَّهُ مَرْدُودٌ وَ هُوَ وَارِثُ مَنْ لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ يَعُولُ مَنْ لَا حِيلَةَ لَهُ
And for him, after the Khums, is the Anfal, and the Anfal is every barren land which its people have perished, and every land not seized upon neither by a cavalry nor an infantry, but they have reconciled with a reconciliation and they have given with their own hands without any fighting. And for him (the administrator) would be the peaks of the mountains and the interior of the valleys, and the bushes, and every dead land with no owner for it; and for him would be the properties of the kings what was in their hands from without an aspect of usurpation, because the usurpation, all of it is returnable, and he would be an inheritor of the one who has no inheritor for him, and a supporter for whom there is no supporter for him.
وَ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَتْرُكْ شَيْئاً مِنْ صُنُوفِ الْأَمْوَالِ إِلَّا وَ قَدْ قَسَمَهُ وَ أَعْطَى كُلَّ ذِي حَقٍّ حَقَّهُ الْخَاصَّةَ وَ الْعَامَّةَ وَ الْفُقَرَاءَ وَ الْمَسَاكِينَ وَ كُلَّ صِنْفٍ مِنْ صُنُوفِ النَّاسِ
And he-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj did not neglects anything from the varieties of the wealth except and He-azwj has Apportioned it and Given it to every one with a right, his right, the special and the general, and the poor and the needy, and every variety from the varieties of the people’.
فَقَالَ لَوْ عُدِلَ فِي النَّاسِ لَاسْتَغْنَوْا ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ الْعَدْلَ أَحْلَى مِنَ الْعَسَلِ وَ لَا يَعْدِلُ إِلَّا مَنْ يُحْسِنُ الْعَدْلَ قَالَ وَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) يَقْسِمُ صَدَقَاتِ الْبَوَادِي فِي الْبَوَادِي وَ صَدَقَاتِ أَهْلِ الْحَضَرِ فِي أَهْلِ الْحَضَرِ وَ لَا يَقْسِمُ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ عَلَى ثَمَانِيَةٍ حَتَّى يُعْطِيَ أَهْلَ كُلِّ سَهْمٍ ثُمُناً وَ لَكِنْ يَقْسِمُهَا عَلَى قَدْرِ مَنْ يَحْضُرُهُ مِنْ أَصْنَافِ الثَّمَانِيَةِ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا يُقِيمُ كُلَّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهُمْ يُقَدِّرُ لِسَنَتِهِ
He-asws said: ‘If justice is done among the people, they would become needless’. Then he-asws said: ‘The justice is sweeter than the honey, and he cannot do justice except the one who is good of justice. And it was so that Rasool-Allah-saww distributed the charities of the people of the valleys among the people of the valleys, and the charities of the people of the towns among the people of the towns, and he-azwj did not apportion between them with the equal-ness upon the eight (categories) until he-saww gave the people of each share, an eighth (of the total), but he-saww distributed it upon a measurement of the ones who were present from the eight varieties, upon a measurement of what each category from them could be able to stay for his year.
لَيْسَ فِي ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ مَوْقُوتٌ وَ لَا مُسَمًّى وَ لَا مُؤَلَّفٌ إِنَّمَا يَضَعُ ذَلِكَ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا يَرَى وَ مَا يَحْضُرُهُ حَتَّى يَسُدَّ فَاقَةَ كُلِّ قَوْمٍ مِنْهُمْ وَ إِنْ فَضَلَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَضْلٌ عَرَضُوا الْمَالَ جُمْلَةً إِلَى غَيْرِهِمْ
There isn’t anything dedicated nor specified, nor written. But rather, that is upon a measurement of what he-saww saw and what was presented to him-saww until he-saww eliminated the destitution of every people from them. And if there was an excess from that, he-saww distributed the total wealth upon the others’.
وَ الْأَنْفَالُ إِلَى الْوَالِي وَ كُلُّ أَرْضٍ فُتِحَتْ فِي أَيَّامِ النَّبِيِّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) إِلَى آخِرِ الْأَبَدِ وَ مَا كَانَ افْتِتَاحاً بِدَعْوَةِ أَهْلِ الْجَوْرِ وَ أَهْلِ الْعَدْلِ لِأَنَّ ذِمَّةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ فِي الْأَوَّلِينَ وَ الْآخِرِينَ ذِمَّةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) قَالَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ إِخْوَةٌ تَتَكَافَى دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَ يَسْعَى بِذِمَّتِهِمْ أَدْنَاهُمْ
And the Anfal is to the administrator, and every land conquered during the days of the Prophet-saww up to the last, for ever. And whatever was conquered by the calling of the people of tyranny and people of the justice, because the responsibility of Rasool-Allah-saww among the former ones and the later ones, is one (and the same), because Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The Muslims are brethren. Their bloods are sufficed with and their responsibilities are strived for by the lowest of them’.
وَ لَيْسَ فِي مَالِ الْخُمُسِ زَكَاةٌ لِأَنَّ فُقَرَاءَ النَّاسِ جُعِلَ أَرْزَاقُهُمْ فِي أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ عَلَى ثَمَانِيَةِ أَسْهُمٍ فَلَمْ يَبْقَ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ وَ جَعَلَ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ قَرَابَةِ الرَّسُولِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) نِصْفَ الْخُمُسِ فَأَغْنَاهُمْ بِهِ عَنْ صَدَقَاتِ النَّاسِ وَ صَدَقَاتِ النَّبِيِّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) وَ وَلِيِّ الْأَمْرِ
And there isn’t any Zakat in the wealth of the Khums, because the poor people, their sustenance is made to be in the wealth of the people upon eight portions, therefore there does not remain even one of them. And for the poor of the relatives of Rasool-Allah-saww is half the Khums, so they are needless by it from the charities of the people, and the charities of the Prophet-saww and the Master-asws of the Command (Wali Al-Amr).
فَلَمْ يَبْقَ فَقِيرٌ مِنْ فُقَرَاءِ النَّاسِ وَ لَمْ يَبْقَ فَقِيرٌ مِنْ فُقَرَاءِ قَرَابَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) إِلَّا وَ قَدِ اسْتَغْنَى فَلَا فَقِيرَ وَ لِذَلِكَ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى مَالِ النَّبِيِّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) وَ الْوَالِي زَكَاةٌ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَبْقَ فَقِيرٌ مُحْتَاجٌ وَ لَكِنْ عَلَيْهِمْ أَشْيَاءُ تَنُوبُهُمْ مِنْ وُجُوهٍ وَ لَهُمْ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْوُجُوهِ كَمَا عَلَيْهِمْ .
Thus, there does not remain a poor one from the poor of the people, and there does not remain a poor one from the poor relatives of Rasool-Allah-saww but they have been made needless. Therefore, there would be no poor ones due to that. The Zakat does not happen to be upon the wealth of the Prophet-saww and the administrator because there does not remain a poor needy one, but upon them are things given to them from its perspective, and for them, from that perspective is like what is upon them’.[11]
[1] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Divine Authority CH 130 H 4
[2] مجمع البيان 8: 556
[3] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Marriage Ch 22 H 3
[4] Bashaarat Al Mustafasaww Li Shia Al Murtazaasws – P 7 H 16
[5] Al Kafi – V 4 – The Book of Zakat Ch 83 H 1
[6] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Divine Authority CH 88 H 1
[7] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Divine Authority CH 88 H 2
[8] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Divine Authority CH 88 H 4
[9] Bashaarat Al Mustafasaww Li Shia Al Murtazaasws – P 3 H 44
[10] Bashaarat Al Mustafasaww Li Shia Al Murtazaasws – P 7 H 42
[11] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Divine Authority CH 130 H 4