Summary:
Pictures and/or portraits of human beings and animals alike have found their way into most houses, even those of the followers of Twelve Imami Shias, many have accepted the modern trend due to ignorance; whereas others have been encouraged by the Fatawa of Mujtahids, for example, in the Tafseer of the Holy Quran (34:13), Aqa Mahdi Puya says[1]: ‘Some of the jurists refer to the word tamathil (statues) in favour of the permissibility, of making images, and only restricting the prohibitory traditions to those images which are meant for worship. For details refer to the books of fiqh’.
In this short article, we will try to learn ‘the Divine Verdict’ on the display of pictures/portraits and statues in our society, as explained from the traditions of Masomeen-asws:
In brief, using pictures/portraits of animals within the house for decoration, is forbidden, if one finds these images within a house, then one cannot offer Salat there unless these images are covered or are underneath one’s feet. Pictures of nature; those without a head are however, acceptable within the premises of the house, i.e., on walls or on furnishings.
Furthermore, indulging in such activities and acts which diverts one’s attention away from Allah-azwj is also forbidden and, is considered to be ‘Lahoo Lahab’ (satanic acts). This includes things such as: music; singing; dancing; playing cards; video games…ECT
In addition, it is important to note when we go to earn lawful sustenance, we are actually worshiping; we present four Ahadith below in order to distinguish between the useless acts (Lahoo Lahab) and those acts which, may not be superficially recognised as worship, but in fact are essential aspects of worship:
(1) ‘Abu Jafar-asws has said that the Messenger of Allah-saww has said: ‘Worship has seventy parts. The most excellent part in it is working to make lawful living’.[2]
(2) ‘The Messenger of Allah-saww has said: ‘O Allah-azwj: Grant us blessings with our loaves of bread and do not take them away from us. Without bread we neither are able to perform Salat or fast, nor can we perform our obligations toward (Allah-azwj) our Lord’.[3]
(3) ‘Abu Abd Allah-asws once said: ‘A wealth that keeps you away from injustice is better than poverty that leads you to commit sins’.[4]
(4) ‘About the words of Allah-azwj: There are men who do not become distracted from speaking of Allah because of trading and business.’ (24:37). The Imam-asws said: ‘They are the business people who do not become distracted from speaking of Allah-azwj because of trade and business when it is time for Salat. They yield to the rights of Allah-azwj in such times’.[5]
The Word Picture/Portrait in the Holy Quran:
The word ‘Tamasil’ (picture) is found in several places within the Holy Book, as:
وَلِسُلَيْمَانَ الرِّيحَ غُدُوُّهَا شَهْرٌ وَرَوَاحُهَا شَهْرٌ ۖ وَأَسَلْنَا لَهُ عَيْنَ الْقِطْرِ ۖ وَمِنَ الْجِنِّ مَنْ يَعْمَلُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِ ۖ وَمَنْ يَزِغْ مِنْهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِنَا نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ {34:12}يَعْمَلُونَ لَهُ مَا يَشَاءُ مِنْ مَحَارِيبَ وَتَمَاثِيلَ وَجِفَانٍ كَالْجَوَابِ وَقُدُورٍ رَاسِيَاتٍ ۚ اعْمَلُوا آلَ دَاوُودَ شُكْرًا ۚ وَقَلِيلٌ مِنْ عِبَادِيَ الشَّكُورُ {34:13}
And (We made) the wind (subservient) to Sulaiman, which made a month’s journey in the morning and a month’s journey in the evening, and We made a fountain of molten copper to flow out for him, and of the jinn there were those who worked before him by the command of his Lord; and whoever turned aside from Our command from among them, We made him taste the punishment of burning (34:12).
They made for him what he pleased of fortresses and images, and bowls (large) as watering-troughs and cooking-pots that will not move from their place; give thanks, O family of Dawood! And very few of My servants are grateful (34:13).
The following Ahadith of Masomeen-aswsexplain the above Verses:
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَعْمَلُونَ لَهُ ما يَشاءُ مِنْ مَحارِيبَ وَ تَماثِيلَ وَ جِفانٍ كَالْجَوابِ قَالَ مَا هِيَ تَمَاثِيلَ الرِّجَالِ وَ النِّسَاءِ وَ لَكِنَّهَا تَمَاثِيلُ الشَّجَرِ وَ شِبْهِهِ
A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Dawud ibn al-Haseen from al-Fadl abu al-Abbas who has said the following:
‘I once asked Abu Jafar-asws about the meaning of the words of Allah-azwj: ‘They made for him whatever he wanted, such as Salat (prayer) niche, statues, basins like wells (34: 13). The Imam-asws said: ‘They were not statues of men and women but they were the figures of trees and similar objects’.[6]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ وَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ابْنَيْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَعْمَلُونَ لَهُ ما يَشاءُ مِنْ مَحارِيبَ وَ تَماثِيلَ فَقَالَ وَ اللَّهِ مَا هِيَ تَمَاثِيلَ الرِّجَالِ وَ النِّسَاءِ وَ لَكِنَّهَا الشَّجَرُ وَ شِبْهُهُ
Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad and ‘Abd Allah sons of Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Ali ibn al-Hakam who from Aban ibn ‘Uthman who from abu al-Abbas who has said the following:
‘About the meaning of the words of Allah-azwj: ‘… they made for him whatever he wanted like prayer niche, statues … ‘ (34: 12). Abu Abd Allah-asws has said: ‘They (statues) by Allah-azwj, were not the statues of men and women, they, however, were of trees and things (of nature)’.[7]
For further references, see Appendix I.
وَإِذْ قُلْنَا ادْخُلُواْ هَـذِهِ الْقَرْيَةَ فَكُلُواْ مِنْهَا حَيْثُ شِئْتُمْ رَغَداً وَادْخُلُواْ الْبَابَ سُجَّداً وَقُولُواْ حِطَّةٌ نَّغْفِرْ لَكُمْ خَطَايَاكُمْ وَسَنَزِيدُ الْمُحْسِنِينَ (2:58)
And when We said: Go into this township and eat freely of that which is therein, and enter the gate prostrate, and say: “Repentance.” We will forgive you your sins and will increase (reward) for the right-doers (2:58).
قال الامام (عليه السلام): قال الله تعالى: واذكروا يا بني إسرائيل ” إذ قلنا ” لاسلافكم: ” ادخلوا هذه القرية ” ـ وهي ” أريحا ” من بلاد الشام، وذلك حين خرجوا من التيه ” فكوا منها ” من القرية ـ ” حيث شئتم رغدا ” واسعا، بلا تعب ـ ولا نصب ـ ” وادخلوا الباب ” باب القرية ” سجدا “.
مثل الله تعالى على الباب مثال محمد (صلى الله عليه وآله) وعلي (عليه السلام) وأمرهم أن يسجدوا تعظيما لذلك المثال، ويجددوا على أنفسهم بيعتهما وذكر موالاتهما، وليذكروا العهد والميثاق المأخوذين عليهم لهما.
” وقولوا حطة ” أي قولوا: إن سجودنا لله تعالى تعظيما لمثال محمد وعلي واعتقادنا لولايتهما حطة لذنوبنا ومحو لسيئاتنا. قال الله عزوجل: ” نغفر لكم ” ـ أي ـ بهذا الفعل ” خطاياكم ” السالفة، ونزيل عنكم آثامكم الماضية.
” وسنزيد المحسنين ” من كان منكم لم يقارف الذنوب التي قارفها من خالف الولاية، ـ وثبت على ما أعطى الله من نفسه من عهد الولاية ـ فانا نزيدهم بهذا الفعل زيادة درجات ومثوبات وذلك قوله عزوجل ” وسنزيد المحسنين “.
The Holy Imam Hassan Al-Askari-asws said that ‘Allah-azwj Said: ‘Call to mind O Children of Israel “And when We said” to your ancestors “Enter this city” and this was ‘Areyha’ from the cities of Shaam[8] and that had just crossed over from the desert “then eat from“ from the town “it a plenteous (food) wherever you wish“ Plenty of it, without tiredness, which has been set up “and enter the gate” the gate of the town “making obeisance“ Allah-azwj had Placed on the door of the town the likenesses of Muhammad-saww and Ali-asws and ordered them to perform the prostration of reverence to those likenesses, and renew on their selves the allegiances in remembrance of their-asws Mastership and remember the oath and the covenant that had been taken from them regarding these two-asws.
“and say, forgiveness“ Meaning – say: ‘We prostrate to Allah-azwj in reverence to the likenesses of Muhammad-saww and Ali-asws and our belief in their Mastership, forgive us our sins and overlook our mistakes.’ Allah the Almighty Says: “We will forgive you” Meaning – with this deed of prostration “your wrongs“ and the sins of your past are removed.
“and give more to those who do good (to others)“ And if from among you did not commit the sins which were committed by the adversaries of the Mastership and remained steadfast on the covenant that was Given to Allah-azwj of the oath of the Mastership, I-azwj will Increase his levels and rewards and that is the meaning of the Words “and give more to those who do good (to others)”.[9]
Ahl al-Bayt-asws are the Door of Hitta:
وقال أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام): فهؤلاء بنو اسرائيل نصب لهم باب حطة وأنتم يا معشر أمة محمد نصب لكم باب حطة أهل بيت محمد (صلى الله عليه وآله)، وأمرتم باتباع هداهم ولزوم طريقتهم، ليغفر ـ لكم ـ بذلك خطاياكم وذنوبكم، وليزداد المحسنون منكم، وباب حطتكم أفضل من باب حطتهم، لان ذلك ـ كان ـ باب خشب، ونحن الناطقون الصادقون المرتضون الهادون الفاضلون، كما قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله): ” ان النجوم في السماء أمان من الغرق، وان أهل بيتي أمان لامتي من الضلالة في أديانهم، لا يهلكون (فيها مادام فيهم) من يتبعون هديه وسنته “.
And the Commander of the Faithful-asws said: ‘For the Children of Israel, the Door of Hitta was set up, but for you, O community of Muhammad-saww! the Door of Hitta that has been set up for you; is the Household-asws of Muhammad-saww, and you have been Ordered to follow their-asws guidance and necessitate upon yourselves upon their-asws ways, so that your mistakes and your sins can be forgiven, and so that your good deeds can be Increased, and your Door of Hitta is better than their Door of Hitta. This is because theirs is only a wooden door, whereas we-asws are the speaking ones, the truthful ones, the Chosen ones, the Guides and the Virtuous ones. This is as the Messenger of Allah-saww said: ‘The stars in the sky are a source of safety from drowning, and the People-asws of my-saww Household are a source of safety for my-saww nation from straying in their religion, so long as they remain in their-asws obedience, their-asws guidance and their-asws way (Sunnah)’.[10]
Ahadith Forbidding Decorating Houses with Portraits and Statues:
عن سعد بن طريف، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام) قال: إن الذين يؤذون الله ورسوله[11] هم المصورون يكلفون يوم القيامة أن ينفخوا فيها الروح.
Saad bin Tareef heard from Imam Abu Jafar-asws that Imam-asws told him regarding the Verse: Those who hurt Allah and the Messenger (33:57). (Allah-azwj Rebukes) those photographers (painters) and will Ask them on the Doomsday to blow life into their art’.[12]
محمد بن يعقوب، عن محمد بن يحيى، عن أحمد بن محمد بن عيسى، عن محمد بن خالد، والحسين بن سعيد، عن القاسم بن محمد الجوهري، عن علي بن أبي حمزة عن أبي بصير، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام) قال: قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله): أتاني جبرئيل قال: يا محمد إن ربك يقرئك السلام وينهى عن تزويق البيوت، قال: أبو بصير: فقلت، وما تزويق البيوت ؟ فقال: تصاوير التماثيل.
Mohammed bin Yaqoob narrates through a chain of narrators that Imam Abu Abdullah-asws told us that the messenger of Allah-saww has said:
Gabriel-as came to Me-saww and said: O Mohammed-saww! The Lord-azwj Sends you-saww greetings and forbids the ‘Tazweek’ decoration of houses, Abu baseer asked : what Allah-azwj Means by the decoration of the houses? Imam-asws replied: The pictures and statues.[13]
وعن علي بن إبراهيم، عن أبيه، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن رجل، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام) قال: من مثل تمثالا كلف يوم القيامة أن ينفخ فيه الروح.
Ali bin Ibrahim narrates from Imam Abu Abd Allah-asws: Whoever creates an Image/picture of living being on Doomsday Allah-azwj will ask him to blow life into it.[14]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجَوْهَرِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَتَانِي جَبْرَئِيلُ وَ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يُقْرِئُكَ السَّلَامَ وَ يَنْهَى عَنْ تَزْوِيقِ الْبُيُوتِ قَالَ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ فَقُلْتُ مَا تَزْوِيقُ الْبُيُوتِ فَقَالَ تَصَاوِيرُ التَّمَاثِيلِ
Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Muhammad ibn Khalid and al-Husayn ibn Sa’id from al-Qasirn ibn Muhammad al-Jawhariy from Ali ibn abu Hamzah from abu Basir who has said the following:
‘Abu Abd Allah-asws has said that the Messenger of Allah-saww has said: ‘Once Jibril-as came to me-saww and said: ‘O Muhammad, your Lord-azwj Sends you greeting of peace and prohibits you to decorate the houses.’ Abu Basir has said: ‘I asked what is decorating the house?’ He-asws said: ‘It is pictures and statues.’[15]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ الْقَدَّاحِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فِي هَدْمِ الْقُبُورِ وَ كَسْرِ الصُّوَرِ
A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad Ja’far ibn Muhammad al-Ashariy from ibn al-Qaddah who has said the following:
‘Abu Abd Allah-asws has said that Amir-ul-Momineen-asws has said that the Messenger of Allah-saww sent me to destroy the graves[16] and pictures (forms)’.[17]
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْكِنْدِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ كَانَ صَاحِبَ مِطْهَرَةِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع إِنَّا لَا نَدْخُلُ بَيْتاً فِيهِ تِمْثَالٌ لَا يُوطَأُ الْحَدِيثُ مُخْتَصَرٌ
Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn Salim from Ahmad ibn al -Nadr from ‘AmI’ ibn Shamir from Jabir from ‘Abd Allah ibn Yahya al-Kindiy from his father who provided water for ‘Amir-ul-Momineen-asws for his wudu who has said the following:
‘Amir-ul-Momineen-asws has said that the Messenger of Allah-saww has said that Jibril-as has said: ‘We do not enter a house in which a picture on which feet are not displayed exists (Hadith in brief)’.”[18]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَقَالَ لَا تَدَعْ صُورَةً إِلَّا مَحَوْتَهَا وَ لَا قَبْراً إِلَّا سَوَّيْتَهُ وَ لَا كَلْباً إِلَّا قَتَلْتَهُ
Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following:
‘Abu Abd Allah-asws has stated this Hadith. ‘Amir-ul-Momineen-asws has said; ‘Once the Messenger of Allah-saww sent me to al-Madinah saying, ‘Do not leave any picture without deleting it; and any grave without levelling it and any dog without killing it’.[19]
حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ قَالَ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا لَا نَدْخُلُ بَيْتاً فِيهِ صُورَةُ إِنْسَانٍ وَ لَا بَيْتاً يُبَالُ فِيهِ وَ لَا بَيْتاً فِيهِ كَلْبٌ
Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad ibn Samaah from more than one person from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from ‘Amr ibn Khalid who has said the following:
‘Abu Jafar-asws has said that Jibril-as once said: ‘O Messenger of Allah-saww, we do not enter a house in which picture of human beings exists or a house in which people urinate or a house in which a dog exists’.[20]
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ جَبْرَئِيلَ ع أَتَانِي فَقَالَ إِنَّا مَعَاشِرَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ لَا نَدْخُلُ بَيْتاً فِيهِ كَلْبٌ وَ لَا تِمْثَالُ جَسَدٍ وَ لَا إِنَاءٌ يُبَالُ فِيهِ
Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from ibn Muskan from Muhammad ibn Marwan who has said the following:
‘Abu Abd Allah-asws has stated this Hadith: ‘The Messenger of Allah-saww has said: ‘Once Jibril came to me and said: ‘We the community of angels do not enter a house in which there is dog, statues or a pot in which people urinate’.[21]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ إِنَّ جَبْرَئِيلَ ع قَالَ إِنَّا لَا نَدْخُلُ بَيْتاً فِيهِ صُورَةٌ وَ لَا كَلْبٌ يَعْنِي صُورَةَ الْإِنْسَانِ وَ لَا بَيْتاً فِيهِ تَمَاثِيلُ
Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Aban ‘Uthman from abu Basir who has said the following:
‘Abu Abd Allah-asws has said that Jibril-as has said: ‘We do not enter a house in which there are pictures, or a dog, that is, pictures of human beings or a house in which statues exist’.[22]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ مَنْ مَثَّلَ تِمْثَالًا كُلِّفَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَنْ يَنْفُخَ فِيهِ الرُّوحَ
Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu Umayr from a man who has said the following:
‘Abu Abd Allah-asws has said: ‘If one forms a statue, he on the Day of Judgment, will be asked to blow the spirit in it’.[23]
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ جَمِيعاً عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْمِيثَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع ثَلَاثَةٌ مُعَذَّبُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ رَجُلٌ كَذَبَ فِي رُؤْيَاهُ يُكَلَّفُ أَنْ يَعْقِدَ بَيْنَ شَعِيرَتَيْنِ وَ لَيْسَ بِعَاقِدٍ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ رَجُلٌ صَوَّرَ تَمَاثِيلَ يُكَلَّفُ أَنْ يَنْفُخَ فِيهَا وَ لَيْسَ بِنَافِخٍ
Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad and Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from aI-Hassan ibn Muhammad ibn Sama’ah all from Ahmad ibn al-Hassan al-Mithamiy, from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from al-Husayn ibn al-Mundhir who has said the following:
‘Abu Abd Allah-asws has stated this Hadith: ‘Three kinds of people will be in suffering on the Day of Judgment. Of such people, one is a man who lies about his dream. He will be held responsible to form a knot between two pieces of barley grains and he will never be able to do so. One is a man who builds statues. He will be held responsible to blow the spirit in it and he will never be able to do so.’ (The third according to al-Saduq is one who listens to a people who do not like him. Lead will be poured in his ears.)’.[24]
Amir-ul-Momineen-asws Disliked Pictures of Living beings in a House:
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ الْمُثَنَّى عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع كَرِهَ الصُّورَةَ فِي الْبُيُوتِ
Ali ibn Ibrabim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from al-Muthanna’ who has said the following:
‘Abu Abd Allah-asws has said that Ali-asws disliked the existence of pictures in houses’.[25]
Pictures of Nature on Furnishings:
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ السِّنْدِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ كَانَتْ لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع وَسَائِدُ وَ أَنْمَاطٌ فِيهَا تَمَاثِيلُ يَجْلِسُ عَلَيْهَا
Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Salih al-Sindiy from Jafar ibn Bashir from those whom he has mentioned who has said the following:
‘Abu Abd Allah-asws has said that Ali ibn al-Husayn-asws in his house had pillows, floor furnishings which had pictures (of sceneries) on which the Imam-asws sat’.”[26]
Offering Salat in a House which has Pictures:
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْوِسَادَةِ وَ الْبِسَاطِ يَكُونُ فِيهِ التَّمَاثِيلُ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ يَكُونُ فِي الْبَيْتِ قُلْتُ التَّمَاثِيلُ فَقَالَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ يُوطَأُ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ
A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from Samaah from abu Basir who has said the following:
‘I once asked Abu Abd Allah-asws about the pillow or furnishings which have pictures on them. He-asws said: ‘It is not unlawful (to offer Salat) if it is in the house.’ The Imam-asws then said: ‘Anything with pictures which is used under the feet is not harmful (in offering Salat)’.[27]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يَكُونَ التَّمَاثِيلُ فِي الْبُيُوتِ إِذَا غُيِّرَتْ رُءُوسُهَا مِنْهَا وَ تُرِكَ مَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ
Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umair from Jamil ibn Darraj from Zurarah ibn A ‘yan who has said the following:
‘Abu Jafar-asws has said: ‘The existence of al-Tamathil (pictures or statues) in a house is not harmful if their heads are changed (removed) and the rest is left’.[28]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنِ الْعَمْرَكِيِّ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الدَّارِ وَ الْحُجْرَةِ فِيهَا التَّمَاثِيلُ أَ يُصَلَّى فِيهَا فَقَالَ لَا تُصَلِّ فِيهَا وَ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ يَسْتَقْبِلُكَ إِلَّا أَنْ لَا تَجِدَ بُدّاً فَتَقْطَعَ رُءُوسَهَا وَ إِلَّا فَلَا تُصَلِّ فِيهَا
Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from al-‘Amrakiy ibn Ali from Ali ibn Jafar who has said the following:
‘I asked Abu al-Hassan-asws about the house or a room in which there are pictures: if Salat can be performed there. The Imam-asws said: ‘Do not perform Salat where you are standing facing a picture unless you have no choice then you must cut their heads. Otherwise, do not perform Salat there’.[29]
لا يسجد الرجل على صورة و لا على بساط هي فيه و يجوز أن تكون الصورة تحت قدميه أو يطرح عليها ما يواريها
(Amir-ul-Momineen-asws says): It is unacceptable for men to prostrate themselves on pictures or pictured rug. It is, however, allowed when the picture is under one’s feet and/or covered up by something.[30]
و لا يعقد الرجل الدرهم الذي فيه الصورة في ثوبه و هو يصلي و يجوز أن يكون الدرهم في هميان أو في ثوب إن كان ظاهرا
(Amir-ul-Momineen-asws says): It is not permitted for men to put pictured ‘Dirhams’ (coins) in their pocket while offering Salat. It is, however, allowed to put the dirham in a bag or a thick cloth, i.e., money belt.[31]
الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْعَلَوِيُّ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ جُمْهُورٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَظِيمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْعَلَوِيِّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الْعُرَنِيِّ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ جُمَيْعٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ الْمُصَوَّرَةِ فَقَالَ أَكْرَهُ ذَلِكَ وَ لَكِنْ لَا يَضُرُّكُمْ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ وَ لَوْ قَدْ قَامَ الْعَدْلُ رَأَيْتُمْ كَيْفَ يُصْنَعُ فِي ذَلِكَ .
AI-Hussain ibn Ali al-‘Alaviy has narrated from aI-Hassan ibn al-Hussain al’Umniy from ‘Amr ibn Jumay’ who has said the following:
‘I once asked Abu Jafar-asws if it is permissible to perform Salat in a Masjid with pictures. The Imam-asws said: ‘I dislike it, however, today it is not harmful to you (observe Taqeeya). Had justice been established (with our Hujja-ajfj) you would see how it is dealt with’.[32]
جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَحَدَهُمَا (عليهما السلام) عَنِ التَّمَاثِيلِ فِي الْبَيْتِ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ إِذَا كَانَتْ عَنْ يَمِينِكَ وَ عَنْ شِمَالِكَ وَ عَنْ خَلْفِكَ أَوْ تَحْتِ رِجْلَيْكَ وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ فِي الْقِبْلَةِ فَأَلْقِ عَلَيْهَا ثَوْباً .
A group has narrated from Ahmad ibn Mohammed from al-Hussain ibn Sa’id from Safwan ibn Yahya from al-‘Ala’, who from Mohammed ibn Muslim who has said the following:
‘I once asked one of the two Imams-asws about (offering Salat) in a house which has pictures. The Imam-asws said: ‘There is no offence in it if it (a picture) is on your right, left, behind you or under your feet. If it is in the direction of al-Qiblah, then cover it with a piece of cloth’.[33]
وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ تُصَلِّيَ عَلَى كُلِّ التَّمَاثِيلِ إِذَا جَعَلْتَهَا تَحْتَكَ
Mohammed ibn Muslim narrates the following from Imam Mohammed Baqir-asws:
When pictures are under your feet then there is no harm in offering Salat.[34]
وَ سَأَلَ لَيْثٌ الْمُرَادِيُّ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْوَسَائِدِ تَكُونُ فِي الْبَيْتِ فِيهَا التَّمَاثِيلُ عَنْ يَمِينٍ أَوْ عَنْ شِمَالٍ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ مَا لَمْ تَكُنْ تُجَاهَ الْقِبْلَةِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ شَيْءٌ مِنْهَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْكَ مِمَّا يَلِي الْقِبْلَةَ فَغَطِّهِ وَ صَلِّ
Imam Aba Abd Allah-asws was asked about offering Salat in a house, which has pillow with picture all around? Imam-asws replied: ‘There is no harm if it is not in the direction of al-Kaabah but if it is, then one must cover it up with a cloth and only then offer Salat.[35]
وَ سُئِلَ عَنِ التَّمَاثِيلِ تَكُونُ فِي الْبِسَاطِ لَهَا عَيْنَانِ وَ أَنْتَ تُصَلِّي فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهَا عَيْنٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَلَا بَأْسَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهَا عَيْنَانِ وَ أَنْتَ تُصَلِّي فَلَا
Imam-asws was asked about offering Salat on the floor, which has pictures, that even has two eyes? Imam-asws replied: ‘There is no harm if picture has one eye but if it has two eyes then one cannot offer Salat, even if one wants to.[36]
وَ سَأَلَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الدَّرَاهِمِ السُّودِ تَكُونُ مَعَ الرَّجُلِ وَ هُوَ يُصَلِّي مَرْبُوطَةً أَوْ غَيْرَ مَرْبُوطَةٍ فَقَالَ مَا أَشْتَهِي أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ وَ مَعَهُ هَذِهِ الدَّرَاهِمُ الَّتِي فِيهَا التَّمَاثِيلُ ثُمَّ قَالَ ع مَا لِلنَّاسِ بُدٌّ مِنْ حِفْظِ بَضَائِعِهِمْ فَإِنْ صَلَّى وَ هِيَ مَعَهُ فَلْتَكُنْ مِنْ خَلْفِهِ وَ لَا يَجْعَلْ شَيْئاً مِنْهَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ الْقِبْلَةِ
Once Abd ur Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj asked from Abu Abd Allah-asws regarding a person who has Sudanese Dirham and is offering Salat with or without having them attached to himself?
Imam-asws replied: I do not like a person who is offering Salat while having those coins on him, which have pictures. However, people need to protect their money, so in that case he may put them behind or in a way that these do not come between him and the Kabah.[37]
The ‘Al-Ghina’ (Music and Singing):
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَاجْتَنِبُوا الرِّجْسَ مِنَ الْأَوْثانِ وَ اجْتَنِبُوا قَوْلَ الزُّورِ قَالَ الْغِنَاءُ
A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Yahya ibn al-Mubarak from ‘Abd Allah ibn Jabalah from Samaah ibn Mehran from abu Basir who has said the following:
‘I once asked Abu Abd Allah-asws about the meaning of the words of Allah-azwj:
‘You must stay away from filth of idols and stay away from false words.’ (22:30) The Imam-asws said: ‘It is music and singing’.[38]
عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ عَنْ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ الْغِنَاءُ عُشُّ النِّفَاقِ
It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Muhammad ibn Ali from abu Jamilah from abu ‘Usamah who has said the following:
‘Abu Abd Allah-asws has said: ‘al-Ghina’[39] is the nest of hypocrisy’.[40]
عَنْهُ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لَمَّا مَاتَ آدَمُ ع وَ شَمِتَ بِهِ إِبْلِيسُ وَ قَابِيلُ فَاجْتَمَعَا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَجَعَلَ إِبْلِيسُ وَ قَابِيلُ الْمَعَازِفَ وَ الْمَلَاهِيَ شَمَاتَةً بِآدَمَ ع فَكُلُّ مَا كَانَ فِي الْأَرْضِ مِنْ هَذَا الضَّرْبِ الَّذِي يَتَلَذَّذُ بِهِ النَّاسُ فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنْ ذَاكَ
It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Sulayman ibn Sarna’ah from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Qasirn from Sarna’ah who has said the following:
‘Abu Abd Allah-asws has said that when Adam-as died, lblis-la and Qabil-la expressed joy and came together in the land. Thereafter Iblis-la and Qabil-la set up musical instruments and means of amusement to rejoice at the death of Adam-as. Thus whatever is there on earth of this sort, in which people take pleasure, is because of that’.[41]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ الْغِنَاءُ مِمَّا وَعَدَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَيْهِ النَّارَ وَ تَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ وَ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَ يَتَّخِذَها هُزُواً أُولئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذابٌ مُهِينٌ
Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Ali ibn ‘lsma’il from ibn Muskan from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following:
‘I once heard Abu Jafar-asws saying, ‘al-Ghina’ is of such things for which Allah-azwj has Warned with punishment in the fire’. The Imam-asws then read this verse: ‘Among people there are those who buy ‘لَهْو’ useless things in the form of words to mislead people from the path of Allah. They do so because of ignorance and take it mockingly. They will suffer a humiliating suffering’ (31:6).[42]
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْخَزَّازِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي الصَّبَّاحِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ الَّذِينَ لا يَشْهَدُونَ الزُّورَ قَالَ الْغِنَاءُ
Abu Ali al-Ashariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from abu Ayyub al-Khazzaz from Muhammad ibn Muslim from abu al- Sabbah al-Kinaniy who has said the following:
‘About the meaning of the words of Allah-azwj ‘ … those who do not attend al-Zur,‘ (25:72) Abu Abd Allah-asws has said: ‘It (al-Zur’ah) is ‘al-Ghina’.[43]
Dance, Beating Drums and Use the of the Flute is forbidden:
يج، الخرائج و الجرائح رُوِيَ عَنْ رُمَيْلَةَ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً ع مَرَّ بِرَجُلٍ يَخْبِطُ هُوَ هُوَ فَقَالَ يَا شَابُّ لَوْ قَرَأْتَ الْقُرْآنَ لَكَانَ خَيْراً لَكَ فَقَالَ إِنِّي لَا أُحْسِنُهُ وَ لَوَدِدْتُ أَنْ أُحْسِنَ مِنْهُ شَيْئاً فَقَالَ ادْنُ مِنِّي فَدَنَا مِنْهُ فَتَكَلَّمَ فِي أُذُنِهِ بِشَيْءٍ خَفِيٍّ فَصَوَّرَ اللَّهُ الْقُرْآنَ كُلَّهُ فِي قَلْبِهِ فَحَفِظَ كُلَّهُ.
(The book) ‘Al Kharaij Wa Al Jaraih’ – It is reported from Rumeylah,
‘(Amir ul-Momineen) Ali-asws passed by a man stomping the ground (saying) ‘هُوَ هُوَ’ ‘(Name of Allah-azwj)! (acting on a Sufi ritual). He-asws said: ‘O youth! If you were to read the Quran, it would be better for you’. He said, ‘I am not good at it, and I would love to be good with something from it’. He-asws said: ‘Come near me-asws’. He went near him-asws. He-asws spoke in his ears with something in a low voice, and Allah-azwj Transferred the Quran, all of it into his heart. He memorised all of it’’.[44]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَنْهَاكُمْ عَنِ الزَّفْنِ وَ الْمِزْمَارِ وَ عَنِ الْكُوبَاتِ وَ الْكَبَرَاتِ
Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following:
‘Abu Abd Allah-asws has said that the Messenger of Allah-saww has said: ‘I forbid dancing, use of flute, small and big drums’.[45]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع يَقُولُ سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْغِنَاءِ فَقَالَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ
A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from al-Washsha ‘ who has said the following:
‘I once heard Abu Al-Hassan, al-Reza-asws saying that once Abu Abd Allah-asws was asked about ‘al-Ghina’. The Imam-asws said: ‘It is in the words of Allah-azwj ‘among people there are those who buy لَهْو useless things in the form of words to mislead others from the path of Allah’.[46]
سَهْلُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جَنَاحٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْخَزَّازِ قَالَ نَزَلْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ فَأَتَيْنَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقَالَ لَنَا أَيْنَ نَزَلْتُمْ فَقُلْنَا عَلَى فُلَانٍ صَاحِبِ الْقِيَانِ فَقَالَ كُونُوا كِرَاماً فَوَ اللَّهِ مَا عَلِمْنَا مَا أَرَادَ بِهِ وَ ظَنَنَّا أَنَّهُ يَقُولُ تَفَضَّلُوا عَلَيْهِ فَعُدْنَا إِلَيْهِ فَقُلْنَا إِنَّا لَا نَدْرِي مَا أَرَدْتَ بِقَوْلِكَ كُونُوا كِرَاماً فَقَالَ أَ مَا سَمِعْتُمْ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ وَ إِذا مَرُّوا بِاللَّغْوِ مَرُّوا كِراماً
Sahl ibn Ziyad has narrated from Sa’id ibn Junah from Hammad from abu Ayyub al-Khazzaz who has said the following:
‘Once we arrived in al-Madinah and visited Abu Abd Allah-asws who asked us. ‘Where have you lodged’? We said: ‘It is with so and so, the owner of singing slave-girls’. The Imam-asws said: ‘You must remain honourable’. By Allah-azwj we did not understand what the Imam-asws meant and we thought perhaps he-asws wants us to be kind to him (owner of the lodging). We returned to him-asws and asked: ‘We did not understand your words, ‘Be honourable’. He-asws said: ‘Have you not heard the words of Allah-azwj, ‘When they pass by useless things they pass honourably.’ (25:72).[47]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ زِيَادٍ قَالَ كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَ أُمِّي إِنَّنِي أَدْخُلُ كَنِيفاً لِي وَ لِي جِيرَانٌ عِنْدَهُمْ جَوَارٍ يَتَغَنَّيْنَ وَ يَضْرِبْنَ بِالْعُودِ فَرُبَّمَا أَطَلْتُ الْجُلُوسَ اسْتِمَاعاً مِنِّي لَهُنَّ فَقَالَ لَا تَفْعَلْ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ وَ اللَّهِ مَا آتِيهِنَّ إِنَّمَا هُوَ سَمَاعٌ أَسْمَعُهُ بِأُذُنِي فَقَالَ لِلَّهِ أَنْتَ أَ مَا سَمِعْتَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ إِنَّ السَّمْعَ وَ الْبَصَرَ وَ الْفُؤادَ كُلُّ أُولئِكَ كانَ عَنْهُ مَسْؤُلًا فَقَالَ بَلَى وَ اللَّهِ لَكَأَنِّي لَمْ أَسْمَعْ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ مِنْ أَعْجَمِيٍّ وَ لَا عَرَبِيٍّ لَا جَرَمَ أَنَّنِي لَا أَعُودُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَ أَنِّي أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ فَقَالَ لَهُ قُمْ فَاغْتَسِلْ وَ سَلْ مَا بَدَا لَكَ فَإِنَّكَ كُنْتَ مُقِيماً عَلَى أَمْرٍ عَظِيمٍ مَا كَانَ أَسْوَأَ حَالَكَ لَوْ مِتَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ احْمَدِ اللَّهَ وَ سَلْهُ التَّوْبَةَ مِنْ كُلِّ مَا يَكْرَهُ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَكْرَهُ إِلَّا كُلَّ قَبِيحٍ وَ الْقَبِيحَ دَعْهُ لِأَهْلِهِ فَإِنَّ لِكُلٍّ أَهْلًا
Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Harun ibn Muslim from Mas’adah ibn Ziyad who has said the following:
‘Once, I was with Abu Abd Allah-asws when a man said: ‘I pray to Allah-azwj to keep my soul and the souls of my parents in service for your cause. My ‘WC’ is located in such a place that I can hear voices of my neighbours clearly. My neighbours have singing slave-girls who play musical instruments and perhaps I sit longer, listening to them’. The Imam-asws said: ‘You must not do so’. The man said, ‘By Allah-azwj, I do not go to them: it is only my listening to them with my ears’. The Imam-asws said: ‘For the sake of Allah-azwj, have you not heard Allah-azwj saying: ‘The ears, the eyes and hearts will all be questioned.’ (17:38) He replied: ‘Yes, by Allah-azwj, as if I have not heard this verse of the book of Allah-azwj from non-Arab or Arab people. However, I will not return to it if Allah-azwj so wills and I ask forgiveness from Allah-azwj.
The Imam-asws said: ‘You must go and take a shower, then ask what you want, because you were involved in an enormously wrong deed and how terrible your condition could have been, had you remained in such condition! Praise Allah-azwj and ask Him-azwj to forgive you because of what He-azwj dislikes and He-azwj dislikes only bad and indecent matters; and you must leave evil and indecent things to indecent people; everything has its associates’.[48]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ مَنْ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ بِنِعْمَةٍ فَجَاءَ عِنْدَ تِلْكَ النِّعْمَةِ بِمِزْمَارٍ فَقَدْ كَفَرَهَا وَ مَنْ أُصِيبَ بِمُصِيبَةٍ فَجَاءَ عِنْدَ تِلْكَ الْمُصِيبَةِ بِنَائِحَةٍ فَقَدْ كَفَرَهَا
Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Salmah ibn al-Khattab from Ibrahim ibn Muhammad from ‘Imran al-Za’faraniy who has said the following:
‘Abu Abd Allah-asws has said: ‘If Allah-azwj Grants a bounty to a person and that person comes to that bounty with a flute, he has not appreciated it; and if one is affected by a misfortune and he comes in such condition with mourning (one should be content) he has disregarded it also’.[49]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْغِنَاءِ وَ قُلْتُ إِنَّهُمْ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص رَخَّصَ فِي أَنْ يُقَالَ جِئْنَاكُمْ جِئْنَاكُمْ حَيُّونَا حَيُّونَا نُحَيِّكُمْ فَقَالَ كَذَبُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ وَ ما خَلَقْنَا السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ وَ ما بَيْنَهُما لاعِبِينَ لَوْ أَرَدْنا أَنْ نَتَّخِذَ لَهْواً لَاتَّخَذْناهُ مِنْ لَدُنَّا إِنْ كُنَّا فاعِلِينَ. بَلْ نَقْذِفُ بِالْحَقِّ عَلَى الْباطِلِ فَيَدْمَغُهُ فَإِذا هُوَ زاهِقٌ وَ لَكُمُ الْوَيْلُ مِمَّا تَصِفُونَ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَيْلٌ لِفُلَانٍ مِمَّا يَصِفُ رَجُلٌ لَمْ يَحْضُرِ الْمَجْلِسَ
Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from Yunus ibn Ya’qub from ‘Abd al-‘Ala’ who has said the following:
‘I once asked Abu Abd Allah-asws about ‘al-Ghina’ (Music and signing). I said that they think the Messenger of Allah-saww has granted permission in saying: ‘We have come to you, we have come to you, so offer us greetings, offer us greetings, we will offer you greetings’. The Imam-asws said: ‘They have spoken a lie. Allah-azwj Says: ‘We have not created the skies, the earth and all in between for a playful purpose, had we wanted we could have done so and we were able to do so. We throw the truth over the falsehood to invalidate it and it is bound to vanish. Woe upon you because of your terrible expression.’ (21:16-18). The Imam-asws then said: ‘Woe upon the one who ascribes something to one who is not present in the gathering’.[50]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ إِنَّ شَيْطَاناً يُقَالُ لَهُ الْقَفَنْدَرُ إِذَا ضُرِبَ فِي مَنْزِلِ رَجُلٍ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً بِالْبَرْبَطِ وَ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ الرِّجَالُ وَضَعَ ذَلِكَ الشَّيْطَانُ كُلَّ عُضْوٍ مِنْهُ عَلَى مِثْلِهِ مِنْ صَاحِبِ الْبَيْتِ ثُمَّ نَفَخَ فِيهِ نَفْخَةً فَلَا يَغَارُ بَعْدَهَا حَتَّى تُؤْتَى نِسَاؤُهُ فَلَا يَغَارُ
A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from ‘Uthman ibn ‘lsa from Ishaq ibn Jarir who has said the following:
‘I once heard Abu Abd Allah-asws saying: ‘There is Satan called al-Qafandar. If barbat (a musical instrument) is played in a house for forty days and men come to him then that Satan places every part of his (Satan’s) body on every part of the body of the owner of the house, then blows a blow; and thereafter he will not mind (becomes shameless) even if people go in on to his women’.[51]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي الْبِلَادِ عَنْ زَيْدٍ الشَّحَّامِ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع بَيْتُ الْغِنَاءِ لَا تُؤْمَنُ فِيهِ الْفَجِيعَةُ وَ لَا تُجَابُ فِيهِ الدَّعْوَةُ وَ لَا يَدْخُلُهُ الْمَلَكُ
Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa’id from Ibrahim ibn abu al-Balad from Zayd al-Shahham who has said the following:
‘Abu Abd Allah-asws has said: ‘The house of ‘al-Ghina’ is not safe from tragedy, prayers are not accepted and angels do not enter within it’.[52]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مِهْرَانَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ هَارُونَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ الْغِنَاءُ مَجْلِسٌ لَا يَنْظُرُ اللَّهُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ وَ هُوَ مِمَّا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ
Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr tram Mehran ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Harun who has said the following:
‘I once heard Abu Abd Allah-asws saying: ‘(The gathering for) ‘al-Ghina’ is a gathering to the participant of which Allah-azwj does not look. Allah-azwj has Said: ‘Among people there are those who buy useless things in the form of words to mislead from the path of Allah. (31 :6).[53]
سَهْلُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى أَوْ غَيْرِهِ عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ الْمُسْتَرِقِّ قَالَ مَنْ ضُرِبَ فِي بَيْتِهِ بَرْبَطٌ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً سَلَّطَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ شَيْطَاناً يُقَالُ لَهُ الْقَفَنْدَرُ فَلَا يُبْقِي عُضْواً مِنْ أَعْضَائِهِ إِلَّا قَعَدَ عَلَيْهِ فَإِذَا كَانَ كَذَلِكَ نُزِعَ مِنْهُ الْحَيَاءُ وَ لَمْ يُبَالِ مَا قَالَ وَ لَا مَا قِيلَ فِيهِ
Sahl ibn Ziyad has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa or others from abu Dawud al-Mustariq who has said the following:
The Imam-asws has said: ‘If barbat[54] is played in one’s house for forty days Allah-azwj Gives its control to a Satan called al-Qafandar who sits on every part of the body of the owner of the house. When this happens bashfulness/honour is taken away from him and he does not mind whatever he says or is said about him’.[55]
سَهْلٌ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَدِينِيِّ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْغِنَاءِ وَ أَنَا حَاضِرٌ فَقَالَ لَا تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتاً اللَّهُ مُعْرِضٌ عَنْ أَهْلِهَا
Sahl ibn Ziyad has narrated from Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Madiniy from those whom he has mentioned who has said the following:
‘Once, Abu Abd Allah-asws was asked about ‘al-Ghina’ when I was present. The Imam-asws said: ‘Do not enter the houses whose inhabitants Allah-azwj disregards’.[56]
عَنْهُ عَنْ يَاسِرٍ الْخَادِمِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع قَالَ مَنْ نَزَّهَ نَفْسَهُ عَنِ الْغِنَاءِ فَإِنَّ فِي الْجَنَّةِ شَجَرَةً يَأْمُرُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الرِّيَاحَ أَنْ تُحَرِّكَهَا فَيَسْمَعُ لَهَا صَوْتاً لَمْ يَسْمَعْ بِمِثْلِهِ وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَتَنَزَّهْ عَنْهُ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ
It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Yasir al-Khadim who has said the following:
‘Abu Al-Hassan Al-Reza-asws has said: ‘If one keeps his soul clean of al-Ghina’ Allah-azwj Commands the winds to move a tree in the Garden (paradises). From this tree a sound is heard the like of which is never heard, and those who fail to keep their souls clean of ‘al-Ghina’ (music and singing) will not be able to hear it’.[57]
عَنْهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْخَزَّازِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ كُلَيْبٍ الصَّيْدَاوِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ ضَرْبُ الْعِيدَانِ يُنْبِتُ النِّفَاقَ فِي الْقَلْبِ كَمَا يُنْبِتُ الْمَاءُ الْخُضْرَةَ
It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Ali ibn Ma’bad from al-Hassan ibn Al: al-Khazzaz from Ali ibn Abd al-Rahman from Kulayb al-Saydawiy who has said the following:
‘I once heard Abu Abd Allah-asws saying: ‘Playing ‘Oud’[58] grows hypocrisy just as water grows green plants’.[59]
عَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يُوسُفَ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ حَبِيبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع قَالَ لَا يُقَدِّسُ اللَّهُ أُمَّةً فِيهَا بَرْبَطٌ يُقَعْقِعُ وَ تَائِهٌ تُفَجِّعُ
It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Ahmad ibn Yusuf ibn ‘Aqil from his father from Musa ibn Habib who has said the following:
‘Ali ibn al-Husayn-asws has said: ‘Allah-azwj does not Grant holiness to a nation in which barbat[60] sounds and the false eulogies that cause pain’.[61]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ جَهْمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَنَّى كُنْتَ فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ عَرَفَ الْمَوْضِعَ فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنِّي كُنْتُ مَرَرْتُ بِفُلَانٍ فَاحْتَبَسَنِي فَدَخَلْتُ إِلَى دَارِهِ وَ نَظَرْتُ إِلَى جَوَارِيهِ فَقَالَ لِي ذَلِكَ مَجْلِسٌ لَا يَنْظُرُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ أَمِنْتَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى أَهْلِكَ وَ مَالِكَ
Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Sinan from Jahrn from Hamid who has said the following:
‘Abu Abd Allah-asws once asked me: ‘Where have you been’? I then thought that he-asws knows the place where I was. I then said: ‘I pray to Allah-azwj to keep my soul in service for your-asws cause, I was passing by so and so and he kept me. I went in his house and looked at his slave-girls’. The Imam-asws said: ‘That is such a gathering to the inhabitants of which Allah-azwj does not look. Have you placed your family and assets in the trust of Allah-azwj?[62]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْأَرْمَنِيِّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَقْطِينٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ مَنْ أَصْغَى إِلَى نَاطِقٍ فَقَدْ عَبَدَهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ النَّاطِقُ يُؤَدِّي عَنِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَقَدْ عَبَدَ اللَّهَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ النَّاطِقُ يُؤَدِّي عَنِ الشَّيْطَانِ فَقَدْ عَبَدَ الشَّيْطَانَ
Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu’alla’ ibn Muhammad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Ibrahim al-Armaniy from al-Hassan ibn Ali ibn Yaqtin who has said the following:
‘Abu Ja’far-asws has said: ‘If one listens to a speaker[63] he worships him. If the speaker conveys from Allah-azwj he has worshipped Allah-azwj; but if he conveys from Satan he has worshipped Satan’.[64]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الرَّيَّانِ عَنْ يُونُسَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ الْخُرَاسَانِيَّ ع وَ قُلْتُ إِنَّ الْعَبَّاسِيَّ ذَكَرَ أَنَّكَ تُرَخِّصُ فِي الْغِنَاءِ فَقَالَ كَذَبَ الزِّنْدِيقُ مَا هَكَذَا قُلْتُ لَهُ سَأَلَنِي عَنِ الْغِنَاءِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ الْغِنَاءِ فَقَالَ يَا فُلَانُ إِذَا مَيَّزَ اللَّهُ بَيْنَ الْحَقِّ وَ الْبَاطِلِ فَأَنَّى يَكُونُ الْغِنَاءُ فَقَالَ مَعَ الْبَاطِلِ فَقَالَ قَدْ حَكَمْتَ
A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ali ibn al-Rayyan from Yunus who has said the following:
‘I once asked al-Khurasaniy-asws saying, ‘AI-Abbasiy has said that you allow al-Ghina. The Imam-asws said: ‘The infidel has spoken a lie’. I did not say so to him. He asked me about ‘al-Ghina’ and I said: ‘Once a man came to Abu Jafar-asws and asked him about al-Ghina’. The Imam-asws said: ‘O so and so, if Allah-azwj Distinguishes between truth and falsehood where is the place of al-Ghina?’ He replied: ‘It is in falsehood’. The Imam-asws said: ‘So, you have concluded with wisdom’.[65]
Playing Useless Games are Forbidden (لَهْوٍ وَ لَعِبٍ):
We have already read in several Ahadith the word ‘لَهْو’ refers to useless play/games, as Allah-azwj Says: ‘Among people there are those who buy useless things in the form of words to mislead from the path of Allah. (31 :6).
And Allah-azwj Says:
‘We have not created the skies, the earth and all in between for a playful purpose, had we wanted we could have done so and we were able to do so. We throw the truth over the falsehood to invalidate it and it is bound to vanish. Woe upon you because of your terrible expression.’ (21:16-18).
We, present below two Further Ahadith in the explanation of the words ‘لَهْوٍ وَ لَعِبٍ’:
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جَنَاحٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْكُوفِيِّ عَنْ مُهَاجِرٍ الْأَسَدِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ مَرَّ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ ع عَلَى قَرْيَةٍ قَدْ مَاتَ أَهْلُهَا وَ طَيْرُهَا وَ دَوَابُّهَا فَقَالَ أَمَا إِنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَمُوتُوا إِلَّا بِسَخْطَةٍ وَ لَوْ مَاتُوا مُتَفَرِّقِينَ لَتَدَافَنُوا فَقَالَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ يَا رُوحَ اللَّهِ وَ كَلِمَتَهُ ادْعُ اللَّهَ أَنْ يُحْيِيَهُمْ لَنَا فَيُخْبِرُونَا مَا كَانَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فَنَجْتَنِبَهَا فَدَعَا عِيسَى ع رَبَّهُ فَنُودِيَ مِنَ الْجَوِّ أَنْ نَادِهِمْ فَقَامَ عِيسَى ع بِاللَّيْلِ عَلَى شَرَفٍ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ فَقَالَ يَا أَهْلَ هَذِهِ الْقَرْيَةِ فَأَجَابَهُ مِنْهُمْ مُجِيبٌ لَبَّيْكَ يَا رُوحَ اللَّهِ وَ كَلِمَتَهُ فَقَالَ وَيْحَكُمْ مَا كَانَتْ أَعْمَالُكُمْ قَالَ عِبَادَةُ الطَّاغُوتِ وَ حُبُّ الدُّنْيَا مَعَ خَوْفٍ قَلِيلٍ وَ أَمَلٍ بَعِيدٍ وَ غَفْلَةٍ فِي لَهْوٍ وَ لَعِبٍ فَقَالَ كَيْفَ كَانَ حُبُّكُمْ لِلدُّنْيَا قَالَ كَحُبِّ الصَّبِيِّ لِأُمِّهِ إِذَا أَقْبَلَتْ عَلَيْنَا فَرِحْنَا وَ سُرِرْنَا وَ إِذَا أَدْبَرَتْ عَنَّا بَكَيْنَا وَ حَزِنَّا قَالَ كَيْفَ كَانَتْ عِبَادَتُكُمْ لِلطَّاغُوتِ قَالَ الطَّاعَةُ لِأَهْلِ الْمَعَاصِي قَالَ كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ أَمْرِكُمْ قَالَ بِتْنَا لَيْلَةً فِي عَافِيَةٍ وَ أَصْبَحْنَا فِي الْهَاوِيَةِ فَقَالَ وَ مَا الْهَاوِيَةُ فَقَالَ سِجِّينٌ قَالَ وَ مَا سِجِّينٌ قَالَ جِبَالٌ مِنْ جَمْرٍ تُوقَدُ عَلَيْنَا إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ قَالَ فَمَا قُلْتُمْ وَ مَا قِيلَ لَكُمْ قَالَ قُلْنَا رُدَّنَا إِلَى الدُّنْيَا فَنَزْهَدَ فِيهَا قِيلَ لَنَا كَذَبْتُمْ قَالَ وَيْحَكَ كَيْفَ لَمْ يُكَلِّمْنِي غَيْرُكَ مِنْ بَيْنِهِمْ قَالَ يَا رُوحَ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُمْ مُلْجَمُونَ بِلِجَامٍ مِنْ نَارٍ بِأَيْدِي مَلَائِكَةٍ غِلَاظٍ شِدَادٍ وَ إِنِّي كُنْتُ فِيهِمْ وَ لَمْ أَكُنْ مِنْهُمْ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ الْعَذَابُ عَمَّنِي مَعَهُمْ فَأَنَا مُعَلَّقٌ بِشَعْرَةٍ عَلَى شَفِيرِ جَهَنَّمَ لَا أَدْرِي أُكَبْكَبُ فِيهَا أَمْ أَنْجُو مِنْهَا فَالْتَفَتَ عِيسَى ع إِلَى الْحَوَارِيِّينَ فَقَالَ يَا أَوْلِيَاءَ اللَّهِ أَكْلُ الْخُبْزِ الْيَابِسِ بِالْمِلْحِ الْجَرِيشِ وَ النَّوْمُ عَلَى الْمَزَابِلِ خَيْرٌ كَثِيرٌ مَعَ عَافِيَةِ الدُّنْيَا وَ الْآخِرَةِ
A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from Mansur ibn al-Abbas from Sa’id ibn Janah from ‘Uthman ibn Said from ‘Abd aI-Hamid ibn Ali al-Kufi from Muhajir al-Asadi who has narrated the following from abu ‘Abd Allah-asws:
‘Once Jesus, son of Mary, passed by a town, in which people, birds and animals had all died. Jesus-as said, ‘They all have died from violence. Had they died individually they would have buried each other’. The disciples said: ‘O Spirit and Words of Allah-azwj, pray to Allah-azwj to bring them to life so we may ask about their deeds and avoid those for which they have been admonished’. Jesus-as prayed to his Lord-azwj and from space he-as was told to call them. Jesus-as at night stood on a high ground that dominated the town and said: ‘O people of the town’?
A certain individual replied: ‘Yes, O the Spirit and the Words of Allah-azwj’. He-as then said: ‘Woe upon you, what kind of deeds did you have?’ He said, ‘We worshipped the devil, loved the world with little fear, had long hopes and neglectfully engaged in useless and playful activities ( لَهْوٍ وَ لَعِبٍ’).
Jesus-as asked: ‘How was your love of the world’? He replied: ‘It was like a child’s love for his mother. When it came to us we rejoiced in happiness and when it went away we felt sad and cried’. He-as then asked: ‘How was your worship of the devil?’ He replied: ‘It was obedience to the sinful people’. Jesus-as asked: ‘How were the consequences of your activities’?’ He replied, ‘We spent one night in comfort and in the morning we found ourselves in Hawiyah[66].’ Jesus-as asked: ‘What is ‘Hawiyah’? He said: ‘It is ‘Sijjin’. Jesus-as asked: ‘What is Sijjln? He said: ‘It is a mountain of burning fuel that smolders upon us to the Day of Judgment.’
Jesus-as asked: ‘What did you say and what was said to you?’ He replied: ‘We said, ‘Return us to the worldly life so we can live piously, and it was said to us: ‘You are lying’. Jesus-as asked: ‘Why do not the others of you talk to me?’ He said: ‘O Spirit of Allah-azwj, they are harnessed with a harness of fire which is in the hands of stern and strong angels; I was among them, but not one of them. When punishment struck it took me with them. I am hanged by a hair on the brink of hell and I do not know if I will be saved or thrown into hell’.
Jesus then turned to the disciples and said, ‘Friends of Allah, eating dried up bread with not so pleasant salt and sleeping on the trash collection sites is much better in good health and safety in this world and in the next life’.[67]
قَالَ وَ النِّفَاقُ عَلَى أَرْبَعِ دَعَائِمَ عَلَى الْهَوَى وَ الْهُوَيْنَا وَ الْحَفِيظَةِ وَ الطَّمَعِ فَالْهَوَى عَلَى أَرْبَعِ شُعَبٍ عَلَى الْبَغْيِ وَ الْعُدْوَانِ وَ الشَّهْوَةِ وَ الطُّغْيَانِ فَمَنْ بَغَى كَثُرَتْ غَوَائِلُهُ وَ تُخُلِّيَ مِنْهُ وَ قُصِرَ عَلَيْهِ وَ مَنِ اعْتَدَى لَمْ يُؤْمَنْ بَوَائِقُهُ وَ لَمْ يَسْلَمْ قَلْبُهُ وَ لَمْ يَمْلِكْ نَفْسَهُ عَنِ الشَّهَوَاتِ وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَعْذِلْ نَفْسَهُ فِي الشَّهَوَاتِ خَاضَ فِي الْخَبِيثَاتِ وَ مَنْ طَغَى ضَلَّ عَلَى عَمْدٍ بِلَا حُجَّةٍ وَ الْهُوَيْنَا عَلَى أَرْبَعِ شُعَبٍ عَلَى الْغِرَّةِ وَ الْأَمَلِ وَ الْهَيْبَةِ وَ الْمُمَاطَلَةِ وَ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ الْهَيْبَةَ تَرُدُّ عَنِ الْحَقِّ وَ الْمُمَاطَلَةَ تُفَرِّطُ فِي الْعَمَلِ حَتَّى يَقْدَمَ عَلَيْهِ الْأَجَلُ وَ لَوْ لَا الْأَمَلُ عَلِمَ الْإِنْسَانُ حَسَبَ مَا هُوَ فِيهِ وَ لَوْ عَلِمَ حَسَبَ مَا هُوَ فِيهِ مَاتَ خُفَاتاً مِنَ الْهَوْلِ وَ الْوَجَلِ وَ الْغِرَّةَ تَقْصُرُ بِالْمَرْءِ عَنِ الْعَمَلِ وَ الْحَفِيظَةُ عَلَى أَرْبَعِ شُعَبٍ عَلَى الْكِبْرِ وَ الْفَخْرِ وَ الْحَمِيَّةِ وَ الْعَصَبِيَّةِ فَمَنِ اسْتَكْبَرَ أَدْبَرَ عَنِ الْحَقِّ وَ مَنْ فَخَرَ فَجَرَ وَ مَنْ حَمِيَ أَصَرَّ عَلَى الذُّنُوبِ وَ مَنْ أَخَذَتْهُ الْعَصَبِيَّةُ جَارَ فَبِئْسَ الْأَمْرُ أَمْرٌ بَيْنَ إِدْبَارٍ وَ فُجُورٍ وَ إِصْرَارٍ وَ جَوْرٍ عَلَى الصِّرَاطِ وَ الطَّمَعُ عَلَى أَرْبَعِ شُعَبٍ الْفَرَحِ وَ الْمَرَحِ وَ اللَّجَاجَةِ وَ التَّكَاثُرِ فَالْفَرَحُ مَكْرُوهٌ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَ الْمَرَحُ خُيَلَاءُ وَ اللَّجَاجَةُ بَلَاءٌ لِمَنِ اضْطَرَّتْهُ إِلَى حَمْلِ الْآثَامِ وَ التَّكَاثُرُ لَهْوٌ وَ لَعِبٌ وَ شُغُلٌ وَ اسْتِبْدَالُ الَّذِي هُوَ أَدْنَى بِالَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ فَذَلِكَ النِّفَاقُ وَ دَعَائِمُهُ وَ شُعَبُهُ وَ اللَّهُ قَاهِرٌ فَوْقَ عِبَادِهِ تَعَالَى ذِكْرُهُ وَ جَلَّ وَجْهُهُ وَ أَحْسَنَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقَهُ وَ انْبَسَطَتْ يَدَاهُ وَ وَسِعَتْ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ رَحْمَتُهُ وَ ظَهَرَ أَمْرُهُ وَ أَشْرَقَ نُورُهُ وَ فَاضَتْ بَرَكَتُهُ وَ اسْتَضَاءَتْ حِكْمَتُهُ وَ هَيْمَنَ كِتَابُهُ وَ فَلَجَتْ حُجَّتُهُ وَ خَلَصَ دِينُهُ وَ اسْتَظْهَرَ سُلْطَانُهُ وَ حَقَّتْ كَلِمَتُهُ وَ أَقْسَطَتْ مَوَازِينُهُ وَ بَلَّغَتْ رُسُلُهُ فَجَعَلَ السَّيِّئَةَ ذَنْباً وَ الذَّنْبَ فِتْنَةً وَ الْفِتْنَةَ دَنَساً وَ جَعَلَ الْحُسْنَى عُتْبَى وَ الْعُتْبَى تَوْبَةً وَ التَّوْبَةَ طَهُوراً فَمَنْ تَابَ اهْتَدَى وَ مَنِ افْتُتِنَ غَوَى مَا لَمْ يَتُبْ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ يَعْتَرِفْ بِذَنْبِهِ وَ لَا يَهْلِكُ عَلَى اللَّهِ إِلَّا هَالِكٌ اللَّهَ اللَّهَ فَمَا أَوْسَعَ مَا لَدَيْهِ مِنَ التَّوْبَةِ وَ الرَّحْمَةِ وَ الْبُشْرَى وَ الْحِلْمِ الْعَظِيمِ وَ مَا أَنْكَلَ مَا عِنْدَهُ مِنَ الْأَنْكَالِ وَ الْجَحِيمِ وَ الْبَطْشِ الشَّدِيدِ فَمَنْ ظَفِرَ بِطَاعَتِهِ اجْتَلَبَ كَرَامَتَهُ وَ مَنْ دَخَلَ فِي مَعْصِيَتِهِ ذَاقَ وَبَالَ نَقِمَتِهِ وَ عَمَّا قَلِيلٍ لَيُصْبِحُنَّ نَادِمِينَ
‘Amir-ul-Momineen-asws has said, ‘Hypocrisy has four pillars: Desire, Neglect, Resentment and Greed.
‘Desire is of four branches: disproportionate behavior, transgression, lust and insubordination. Whoever behaves disproportionately faces great risks, remains lonely and without supporters. Whoever transgresses does not remain immune to harmful consequences, his heart is not in peace and he does not control his soul against lustful matters. Whoever has not balanced his soul in lustful matters he indulges in filthy activities. Whoever acts insubordinately purposely and without evidence strays in false-hood.
‘Neglect’ is of four branches: dishonesty, yearning, fear and procrastination. Fear and apprehension turns one away from the truth and procrastination leads to extremely reduced activities until the deadline approaches. If one does not have any yearnings he knows his true condition and measures. If he knows the true measure of his condition in which he is, he would die suddenly due to fear and apprehension. Dishonesty cuts short one’s deeds.
‘Resentment’ is of four branches: arrogance, boastfulness, egoistic, and racism. Whoever is arrogant turns his back to the truth. Whoever is boastful indulges in sins. Whoever is egoistic persists in sins. Whoever comes in the clench of racism commits injustice. ‘Thus, evil is the affair that swings in deterioration, indecency, persistence and injustice on the path.
‘Greed’ is of four branches: exhilaration, لَهْوٍ وَ لَعِبٍ pleasure seeking, worrying and superfluity. Exhilaration is detestable before Allah. Pleasure seeking (لَهْوٍ وَ لَعِبٍ) is feeblemindedness. Worrisome is a misfortune for one who is forced to carry sins. Seeking superfluity is useless, a childish manner, a wasteful preoccupation and an effort to change what is of a lower quality to a better one. “This is how hypocrisy its pillars and branches are. Allah is dominant over his servants. Speaking of Him is exalted and glory is His. He has created all things in good fashion, His hands are free, His favor is universal, His command is manifest, His light shines, His blessing overflows, His wisdom is the source of light, His book is overriding, His evidence is overwhelming, His religion is pure, His kingdom is powerful, His word is the truth, His measures are just and His messengers have already preached. Thus, He has made evil a sin, sin a misfortune and misfortune a filth. “He has made virtuous deeds a threshold. The threshold is repentance and repentance is purification. One who repents finds guidance. One who plots goes astray, as long as he does not repent before Allah-azwj and confess to his sins. No one dares to act, to his own destruction, against Allah-azwj, except those who are doomed.
‘Allah-azwj! Allah-azwj! How vast is what He has for repentance, favours, joy and great forbearance. How severe is what is before Him of retribution, hell, and a hard grip! Whoever succeeds in obedience to Him-azwj attracts His-azwj generosity. Whoever indulges in disobedience to Him-azwj he will test the results of His-azwj Disapproval and very shortly he will become regretful.[68]”
Appendix I:
(Al-Burhan)
8753/ [2]- محمد بن يعقوب: عن محمد بن يحيى، عن أحمد، و عبد الله ابني محمد بن عيسى، عن علي ابن الحكم، عن أبان بن عثمان، عن أبي العباس، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قول الله عز و جل: يَعْمَلُونَ لَهُ ما يَشاءُ مِنْ مَحارِيبَ وَ تَماثِيلَ، فقال: «و الله ما هي تماثيل الرجال و النساء، و لكنها تماثيل «2» الشجر و شبهه».
* * * * *
….. 8754/ [3]- الطبرسي: روي عن الصادق (عليه السلام)، أنه قال: «و الله ما هي تماثيل الرجال و النساء، و لكنه الشجر و ما أشبهه»
(Al-Qummi)
و قوله: يَعْمَلُونَ لَهُ ما يَشاءُ مِنْ مَحارِيبَ وَ تَماثِيلَ قال في الشجر و قوله وَ جِفانٍ كَالْجَوابِ أي جفون كالحفرة وَ قُدُورٍ راسِياتٍ أي ثابتات ثم قال: اعْمَلُوا آلَ داوُدَ شُكْراً قال: اعملوا ما تشكرون عليه ثم قال: وَ قَلِيلٌ مِنْ عِبادِيَ الشَّكُورُ ثم قال فَلَمَّا قَضَيْنا عَلَيْهِ الْمَوْتَ ما دَلَّهُمْ عَلى مَوْتِهِ إِلَّا دَابَّةُ الْأَرْضِ تَأْكُلُ مِنْسَأَتَهُ قال: لما أوحى الله إلى سليمان أنك ميت أمر الشياطين أن يتخذوا له بيتا من قوارير و وضعوه في لجة البحر و دخله سليمان ع فاتكأ على عصاه و كان يقرأ الزبور و الشياطين حوله تفسير القمي، ج2، ص: 200
ينظرون إليه لا يجسرون أن يبرحوا فبينا هو كذلك إذ حان منه التفاتة فإذا هو برجل معه في القبة ففزع منه سليمان فقال له: من أنت فقال له: أنا الذي لا أقبل الرشى و لا أهاب الملوك فقبضه و هو متكئ على عصاه سنة و الجن يعملون له و لا يعلمون بموته حتى بعث الله الأرضة فأكلت منسأته فَلَمَّا خَرَّ على وجهه تبينت الإنس أن لو كانوا أي الجن يَعْلَمُونَ الْغَيْبَ ما لَبِثُوا فِي الْعَذابِ الْمُهِينِ «1» فكذا نزلت هذه الآي
….. لأمير المؤمنين- عليه السّلام-: فإنّ هذا سليمان سخّرت الشّياطين يعملون له ما يشاء من محاريب و تماثيل.
قال له عليّ- عليه السّلام-: لقد كان كذلك. و لقد أعطي محمّد- صلّى اللَّه عليه و آله و سلم- ما هو أفضل من هذا، أنّ الشّياطين سخّرت لسليمان و هي مقيمة على كفرها، و قد سخّرت لنبوّة محمّد- صلّى اللَّه عليه و آله و سلم- الشّياطين بالإيمان. فأقبل إليه الجنّ «4» التّسعة من أشرافهم، من جنّ نصيبين «5»، و اليمن «6» من بني عمرو بن عامر من الأحجّة، منهم سقناه، و مصماه «7»، و الهملكان، و المرزبان، و المازمان، و نفات «8»، و هاضب، و هاصب «9»، و عمرو. و هم الّذين يقول اللَّه- تبارك اسمه- فيهم «10»: وَ إِذْ صَرَفْنا إِلَيْكَ نَفَراً مِنَ الْجِنِّ و هم التّسعة يَسْتَمِعُونَ الْقُرْآنَ «11» فأقبل إليه الجنّ و النّبيّ- صلّى اللَّه عليه و آله و سلم- ببطن النّخلة، فاعتذروا بأنّهم ظَنُّوا كَما ظَنَنْتُمْ أَنْ لَنْ يَبْعَثَ اللَّهُ أَحَداً «12».
* * * * *
….. عن داود بن الحسين، عن الفضل بن أبي العبّاس «10» قال: قلت لأبي جعفر- عليه السّلام- [: قول اللَّه- عزّ و جلّ-:] «11» يَعْمَلُونَ لَهُ ما يَشاءُ مِنْ مَحارِيبَ وَ تَماثِيلَ وَ جِفانٍ كَالْجَوابِ قال: ما هي تماثيل الرّجال و النّساء، و لكنّها تماثيل الشّجر و شبهه.
عليّ بن إبراهيم، عن صالح بن السّنديّ «12»، عن جعفر بن بشير، عمّن ذكره، عن أبي
* * * * *
….. محمّد بن يحيى، عن أحمد و عبد اللَّه «1» ابني محمّد بن [عيسى، عن] «2» عليّ بن الحكم، عن أبان بن عثمان، عن أبي العبّاس «3»، عن أبي عبد اللَّه- عليه السّلام- في قول اللَّه- عزّ و جلّ-: يَعْمَلُونَ لَهُ ما يَشاءُ مِنْ مَحارِيبَ وَ تَماثِيلَ فقال «4»: و اللَّه ما هي تماثيل [الرّجال و النّساء، و لكنها الشّجر و شبهه.
* * * * *
(Tafseer Kanzil aldaqaiq)
تفسير كنز الدقائق و بحر الغرائب، ج10، ص: 477
و في أصول الكافي «1» [: أبو عبد اللَّه الأشعريّ، عن] «2» بعض أصحابنا رفعه، عن هشام بن الحكم قال: قال [لي] «3» أبو الحسن موسى بن جعفر- عليه السّلام-: يا هشام، ثمّ مدح القلّة، فقال: وَ قَلِيلٌ مِنْ عِبادِيَ الشَّكُورُ.
* * * * *
و في نهج البلاغة «9»: أوصيكم عباد اللَّه بتقوى اللَّه فإنّها حقّ اللَّه عليكم، و الموجبة على اللَّه حقّكم، و أن تستعينوا عليها باللَّه، و تستعينوا بها على اللَّه. فإنّ التّقوى في اليوم الحرز و الجنّة، و في غد الطّريق إلى الجنّة. مسلكها واضح، و سالكها رابح، و مستودعها حافظ. لم تبرح عارضة نفسها على الأمم الماضين منكم و الغابرين، لحاجتهم إليها غدا، إذا أعاد اللَّه ما أبدى، و أخذ ما أعطى، و سأل عمّا أسدى. فما أقلّ من قبلها، و حملها حقّ حملها! أولئك الأقلّون عددا، و هم أهل صفة اللَّه- سبحانه- إذ يقول: وَ قَلِيلٌ مِنْ عِبادِيَ الشَّكُورُ.
* * * * *
تفسير كنز الدقائق و بحر الغرائب، ج10، ص: 478
و في مصباح الشّريعة «1»: قال الصّادق- عليه السّلام-: و لو كان عند اللَّه عبادة يتعبّد بها عباده المخلصون أفضل من الشّكر على كلّ حال، لأطلق لفظة فيهم من جميع الخلق بها.
فلمّا لم يكن أفضل منها، خصّها من بين العبادات و خصّ أربابها. فقال- تعالى-: وَ قَلِيلٌ مِنْ عِبادِيَ الشَّكُورُ
…. 1001- في كتاب الخصال عن أبى جعفر عليه السلام قال: ان الله تبارك و تعالى لم يبعث أنبياء ملوكا في الأرض الا أربعة بعد نوح. ذو القرنين و اسمه عياش، و داود، و سليمان و يوسف عليهما السلام فاما عياش ملك ما بين المشرق و المغرب، و اما داود فملك ما بين الشامات الى بلاد إصطخر، و كذلك كان ملك سليمان و اما يوسف فملك مصر و بواديها و لم يجاوزها الى غيرها.
* * * * *
….. 1002- عن ابى الحسن الاول عليه السلام قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و آله ان الله تبارك و تعالى اختار من كل شيء اربعة اختار من الأنبياء اربعة للسيف إبراهيم و داود و موسى و أنا.
__________________________________________________
(1) رضراض الألواح: مكسوراتها و قد مر أيضا.
(2) ريح هفافة: طيبة ساكنة.
* * * * *
تفسير نور الثقلين، ج1، ص: 253
1003- في كتاب كمال الدين و تمام النعمة باسناده الى محمد بن جعفر عن أبيه عن جده عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه و آله قال: عاش داود عليه السلام مأة سنة منها أربعون سنة ملكه
* * * * *
….. 117- في الكافي على بن إبراهيم عن ابن فضال عن محمد بن الحصين عن محمد بن الفضيل عن عبد الرحمن ابن يزيد عن ابى عبد الله عليه السلام قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و آله و سلم: مات داود النبي صلى الله عليه يوم السبت مفجوءا فأظلته الطير بأجنحتها و مات موسى عليه السلام كليم الله في التيه فصاح صائح من السماء مات موسى و اى نفس لا تموت
[1] http://quran.al-islam.org/
[2] Al-Kafi, vol. 5, H. 8348, Ch. 5, h, 6
[3] Al-Kafi, vol. 5, H. 8324, Ch. 3, h, 13
[4] Al-Kafi, vol. 5, H. 8322, Ch. 3, h, 11
[5] Al-Kafi, vol. 5, H. 8664, Ch. 53, h, 21
[6] Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12300, CH. 28, h 3 الكافي ج : 6 ص : 477
[7] Ibid, h 7
[8] Syria
[9] Tafseer Imam Hassan Askari (asws), h. 127
[10] Tafseer Imam Hassan Askari (asws), h. 326
[11]إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآَخِرَةِ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمْ عَذَابًا مُهِينًا ( (33: 57) Al-Ahzaab Ayath Surely (as for) those who speak evil things of Allah and His Messenger, Allah has cursed them in this world and the here after, and He has prepared for them a chastisement bringing disgrace.
[12] Al-Mohasin Vol-2,Page-616
[13] Al-Kafi Vol-6,Page-526
[14] Al-Kafi Vol-6,Page-527
[15] Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12591, CH. 65, h 1
[16] Graves should be about four inches from the ground, see http://hubeali.com/images/newimg/Moat_Kafan_Janaza.pdf
[17] Ibid, h 11
[18] Ibid, h 13
[19] Ibid, h 14
[20] Ibid, h 12
[21] Ibid, h 2 الكافي ج : 6 ص : 527
[22] Ibid, h 3
[23] Ibid, h 4
[24] Ibid, h 10 الكافي ج : 6 ص : 528
[25] Ibid, h 5
[26] Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12301, CH. 28, h 4
[27] Ibid, h 6
[28] Ibid, h 8
[29] Ibid, h 9
[30] http://hubeali.com/images/newimg/Mola-Ali-asws-400-Ahadith.pdf الخصال ج : 2 ص : 611
[31] Ibid
[32] Al-Kafi, vol 3, H 5342, Ch. 61, h 20
[33] Al-Kafi, vol 3, H 5299, Ch. 59, h 20 الكافي 3 391 باب الصلاة في الكعبة و فوقها و في ا
[34] Manla Yazar ul Faqih, H. 739, منلايحضرهالفقيه 1 245 باب المواضع التي تجوز الصلاة فيها و
[35] Manla Yazar ul Faqih, H. 740, منلايحضرهالفقيه 1 245 باب المواضع التي تجوز الصلاة فيها و
[36] Manla Yazar ul Faqih, H. 741, منلايحضرهالفقيه 1 245 باب المواضع التي تجوز الصلاة فيها و
[37] Manla Yazar ul Faqih, H. 783, منلايحضرهالفقيه 1 256 باب ما يصلى فيه و ما لا يصلى فيه من
[38] Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12048, Ch. 25, h, 1 الكافي ج : 6 ص : 431
[39] ‘‘al-Ghina’
[40] Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12049, Ch. 25, h, 2
[41] Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12050, Ch. 25, h, 3
[42] Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12051, Ch. 25, h, 4
[43] Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12053, Ch. 25, h, 6
[44] Bihar Al Anwaar – V 40, The book of History – Amir Al Momineen-asws, Ch 116 H 1
[45] Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12054, Ch. 25, h, 7
[46] Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12055, Ch. 25, h, 8
[47] Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12056, Ch. 25, h, 9
[48] Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12057, Ch. 25, h, 10
[49] Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12058, Ch. 25, h, 11
[50] Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12059, Ch. 25, h, 12
[51] Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12061, Ch. 25, h, 14
[52] Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12062, Ch. 25, h, 15
[53] Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12063, Ch. 25, h, 16
[54] A musical instrument
[55] Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12064, Ch. 25, h, 17
[56] Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12065, Ch. 25, h, 18
[57] Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12066, Ch. 25, h, 19
[58] A certain musical instrument
[59] Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12067, Ch. 25, h, 20
[60] A musical instrument
[61] Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12068, Ch. 25, h, 21
[62] Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12069, Ch. 25, h, 22
[63] Singer/entertrainer/preacher
[64] Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12071, Ch. 25, h, 24
[65] Al-Kafi, vol. 6, H. 12072, Ch. 25, h, 25
[66] A central place in Hell
[67] Al-Kafi, vol. 2, H. 2583, Ch. 122, h, 11
[68] Al-Kafi, vol. 2, H. 2852, Ch. 163, h, 1