Imam Al-Sadiq-asws has outlined major sins from the Book of Allah-azwj.
المناقب لابن شهرآشوب دَخَلَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ عَلَى الصَّادِقِ ع وَ قَرَأَ إِنْ تَجْتَنِبُوا كَبائِرَ ما تُنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ وَ قَالَ أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَعْرِفَ الْكَبَائِرَ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ يَا عَمْرُو
(The book) ‘Al Manaqib’ of Ibn Shehr Ashub –
Amro Bin Ubeyd entered to see Al-Sadiq-asws and recited: If you shun the major sins which you are Forbidden from, [4:31]. And he said, ‘I would love to know the major sins from the Book of Allah-azwj’. He-asws said; ‘Yes, O Amro!’
Then he-asws detailed it that the major sins are: –
ثُمَّ فَصَّلَهُ بِأَنَّ الْكَبَائِرَ الشِّرْكُ بِاللَّهِ- إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَغْفِرُ أَنْ يُشْرَكَ بِهِ
Association with Allah-azwj – Allah does not Forgive if He is associated with, [4:48].
وَ الْيَأْسُ وَ لا تَيْأَسُوا مِنْ رَوْحِ اللَّهِ
And the despair – and do not despair from Mercy of Allah; [12:87].
وَ عُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ لِأَنَّ الْعَاقَّ جَبَّارٌ شَقِيٌ وَ بَرًّا بِوالِدَتِي وَ لَمْ يَجْعَلْنِي جَبَّاراً شَقِيًّا
And disloyalty to the parents, because the disloyal is a tyrant, a wretch – And righteousness with my mother, and did not Make me tyrannous, wretched [19:32].
وَ قَتْلُ النَّفْسِ- وَ مَنْ يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِناً مُتَعَمِّداً
And killing the soul – And whoever kills a Momin intentionally, [4:93].
وَ قَذْفُ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ وَ أَكْلُ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ- إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوالَ الْيَتامى ظُلْماً
And slandering the married (chaste) women and devouring wealth of the orphans – (As for) those who are devouring the wealth of the orphans unjustly [4:10].
وَ الْفِرَارُ مِنَ الزَّحْفِ وَ مَنْ يُوَلِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ دُبُرَهُ
And the fleeing from the march (army) – And the one who turns his back to them on that day [8:16].
وَ أَكْلُ الرِّبَا الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ الرِّبا
And consuming the interest – Those who are consuming the interest [2:275].
وَ السِّحْرُ وَ لَقَدْ عَلِمُوا لَمَنِ اشْتَراهُ
And the sorcery – And they had taught to the one who bought it, [2:102].
وَ الزِّنَا وَ لا يَزْنُونَ وَ مَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذلِكَ يَلْقَ أَثاماً
And the adultery – nor are they committing adultery. And one who does that, indulges in sin [25:68].
وَ الْيَمِينُ الْغَمُوسُ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَ أَيْمانِهِمْ ثَمَناً
And the false oath – Those who are taking for the Covenant of Allah and their own oaths, a small price [3:77].
وَ الْغُلُولُ وَ مَنْ يَغْلُلْ يَأْتِ بِما غَلَ
And the embezzlement – and the one who embezzles will bring what he had embezzled [3:161].
وَ مَنْعُ الزَّكَاةِ يَوْمَ يُحْمى عَلَيْها فِي نارِ جَهَنَّمَ
And refusing (to pay) the Zakat – On the Day when these shall be heated in the Fire of Hell, [9:35].
وَ شَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ وَ كِتْمَانُ الشَّهَادَةِ وَ مَنْ يَكْتُمْها فَإِنَّهُ آثِمٌ قَلْبُهُ
And false testimony and concealing the testimony – And do not conceal the testimony, and the one who conceals it, so he is of a sinful heart; [2:283].
وَ شُرْبُ الْخَمْرِ لِقَوْلِهِ ع شَارِبُ الْخَمْرِ كَعَابِدِ وَثَنٍ
And drinking the wine due to his-asws words: ‘Drinker of the wine is like a worshipper of the idols’.
وَ تَرْكُ الصَّلَاةِ لِقَوْلِهِ مَنْ تَرَكَ الصَّلَاةَ مُتَعَمِّداً فَقَدْ بَرِئَ مِنْ ذِمَّةِ اللَّهِ وَ ذِمَّةِ رَسُولِهِ
And neglecting the Salat, due to his-asws words: ‘One who neglects the Salat deliberately, so he is free from the Responsibility of Allah-azwj, and responsibility of His-azwj Rasool-saww’.
وَ نَقْضُ الْعَهْدِ وَ قَطِيعَةُ الرَّحِمِ- الَّذِينَ يَنْقُضُونَ عَهْدَ اللَّهِ
And breaking the pact and cutting off the kinship – Those who are breaking the Pact of Allah [2:27].
وَ قَوْلُ الزُّورِ- وَ اجْتَنِبُوا قَوْلَ الزُّورِ
And the false words – and keep aside from the false words [22:30].
وَ الْجُرْأَةُ عَلَى اللَّهِ- أَ فَأَمِنُوا مَكْرَ اللَّهِ
The audacity against Allah-azwj: Are they feeling secure from the Plan of Allah? [7:99].
وَ كُفْرَانُ النِّعْمَةِ- وَ لَئِنْ كَفَرْتُمْ إِنَّ عَذابِي لَشَدِيدٌ
And committing Kufr (ungratefulness) with the Bounties – and if you are ungrateful, then My Punishment is Severe” [14:7].
وَ بَخْسُ الْكَيْلِ وَ الْوَزْنِ وَيْلٌ لِلْمُطَفِّفِينَ
And being deficient in measuring and weighing – Woe be unto the fraudsters [83:1].
وَ اللِّوَاطُ- الَّذِينَ يَجْتَنِبُونَ كَبائِرَ الْإِثْمِ
And the sodomy – Those who are shunning the major sins [53:32].
وَ الْبِدْعَةُ قَوْلُهُ ع مَنْ تَبَسَّمَ فِي وَجْهِ مُبْتَدِعٍ فَقَدْ أَعَانَ عَلَى هَدْمِ دِينِهِ
And the innovation – His-asws words: ‘One who smiles in the face of an innovator, so he has assisted upon demolishing his religion’.
قَالَ فَخَرَجَ عَمْرٌو وَ لَهُ صُرَاخٌ مِنْ بُكَائِهِ وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ هَلَكَ مَنْ سَلَبَ تُرَاثَكُمْ وَ نَازَعَكُمْ فِي الْفَضْلِ وَ الْعِلْمِ
He (the narrator) said, ‘Amro went out and for him was screaming from his crying and he was saying, ‘He is destroyed, the one who looted your-asws inheritance, and disputed you-asws all regarding the merit and the knowledge!’’[1]
[1] Bihar Al Awaar – V 46, The book of History – Ja’far Al Sadiqasws, Ch 7 H 4 a