CHAPTER 90
Al-BALAD
(The City)
(20 VERSES)
VERSES 1 – 20
بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ
Brief Introduction of Al-Balad (90):
Sura Al-Balad (20 verses) was revealed in Makkah.[1] ‘From Abu Ja’far-asws regarding His-azwj Words: He is saying, ‘I have destroyed abundant wealth’ [90:6], he-asws said: ‘He is Amro Bin Abd Wadd where Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws presented to him on the Day of (battle of) Khandaq and said: ‘So where is the abundant wealth which you had spent among you all?’ And he had spent wealth regarding the blocking from the Way of Allah-azwj. Ali-asws killed him’’. ‘From Abu Ja’far-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: Does he reckon that no one will ever be able upon him? [90:5] – meaning Na’sal (Umar), regarding his killing the daughter-asws (Syeda tul Nisa e Alameen-asws) of the Prophet-saww.
He is saying, ‘I have destroyed abundant wealth’ [90:6] – meaning which he supplied the Prophet-saww with regarding an army, (complaining of) the (financial) hardship.
Does he reckon that no one sees him? [90:7] – he-asws said: ‘Mischief which was within him’’.
Have We not Made two eyes for him, [90:8] – meaning Rasool-Allah-saww And a tongue – meaning Amir Al-Momineen-asws, and two lips? [90:9] – meaning Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws. And Guided him (to) the two ways? [90:10] – to both their-asws Wilayahs’’
But he does not attempt the uphill road [90:11] And what will make you realise what the uphill road is? [90:12], he-asws said: ‘And what will make you know, and everything in the Quran, ‘And what will make you realise’, so it is, ‘What will make you know’.
(To) an orphan, possessing relationship [90:15] – meaning Rasool-Allah-saww. And the relationship, are his-saww relatives, Or a poor person with destitution [90:16] – meaning Amir Al-Momineen-asws (whose rights were usurped by the tyrannous rulers).[2]
MERITS
ابن بابويه: بإسناده، عن أبي بصير، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: «من كان قراءته في فريضة لا أُقْسِمُ بِهذَا الْبَلَدِ كان في الدنيا معروفا أنه من الصالحين، و كان في الآخرة معروفا أن له من الله مكانا، و كان يوم القيامة من رفقاء النبيين و الشهداء و الصالحين
Ibn Babuwayh, by his chain from Abu Baseer, who has said:
‘Abu Abdullah-asws has said: ‘The one who had recited in Obligatory (Salats): No! I do Swear by this city! [90:1], would be well known in the world that he is from the praying ones, and in the Hereafter would be well known that he has a status from Allah-azwj, and on the Day of Judgement he would be from the friends of the Prophets-as, and the Martyrs, and the Righteous’.[3]
و من (خواص القرآن): روي عن النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله) أنه قال: «من قرأ هذه السورة أعطاه الله تعالى الأمان من غضبه يوم القيامة، و نجاه من صعود العقبة الكؤود
And from Khawas Al-Quran:
It has been reported from the Prophet-saww having said: ‘The one who recites this Chapter, Allah-azwj would Give him Amnesty from His-azwj Wrath on the Day of Judgement, and Rescue him from ascending the insurmountable obstacles.
و من كتبها و علقها على الطفل، أو ما يولد، أمن عليه من كل ما يعرض للأطفال
And one who writes it and attaches it upon the children (as an amulet), or what he has begotten, it would be a security upon him from all what presents itself to the children’.[4]
و قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): «من قرأها نجاه الله تعالى يوم القيامة من صعوبة العقبة
And Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘One who recites it (Surah Al-Balad), Allah-azwj the Exalted would Rescue him from the difficult obstacles.
و من كتبها و علقها على مولود أمن من كل آفة و من بكاء الأطفال، و نجاه الله من أم الصبيان
And one who recites it and attaches it (as an amulet) upon a new-born, it would be safe from every affliction and from the wailing of the children, and Allah-azwj would Rescue him from Umm Al-Sibyan[5]’’.[6]
و قال الصادق (عليه السلام): «إذا علقت على الطفل أمن من النقص، و إذا سعط من مائها أيضا برىء مما يؤلم الخياشم، و نشأ نشوءا صالحا
And Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘When it (Surah Al-Balad) is hung upon the child, it would be safe from the deficiencies, and when it is medicated from its water as well, it would be cured from the nasal pains (blockages), and it would grow a healthy growth’’.[7]
VERSES 1 – 3
لَا أُقْسِمُ بِهَٰذَا الْبَلَدِ {1}
But! I Swear by this city! [90:1]
فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى لا أُقْسِمُ بِهذَا الْبَلَدِ وَ أَنْتَ حِلٌّ بِهذَا الْبَلَدِ وَ والِدٍ وَ ما وَلَدَ قَالَ يُعَظِّمُونَ الْبَلَدَ أَنْ يَحْلِفُوا بِهِ وَ يَسْتَحِلُّونَ فِيهِ حُرْمَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله )
(In a Hadith, Imam-asws said), So Allah-azwj Blessed and High Said Indeed! I swear by this city [90:1] And you are a dweller of this city [90:2] And father and son [90:3]. They (Muslims) were revering the city if they were to swear by it, but they permitted in it the (violation of) sanctity of Rasool-Allah-saww’.[8]
وَأَنْتَ حِلٌّ بِهَٰذَا الْبَلَدِ {2}
And you are a dweller in this city [90:2]
تفسير فرات بن إبراهيم عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عُمَرَ الزُّهْرِيِّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى لا أُقْسِمُ بِهذَا الْبَلَدِ وَ أَنْتَ حِلٌّ بِهذَا الْبَلَدِ قَالَ إِنَّ قُرَيْشاً كَانُوا يُحَرِّمُونَ الْبَلَدَ وَ يَتَقَلَّدُوَن لِحَاءَ الشَّجَرِ وَ قَالَ حَمَّادٌ أَغْصَانَهَا إِذَا خَرَجُوا مِنَ الْحَرَمِ فَاسْتَحَلُّوا مِنْ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ الشَّتْمَ وَ التَّكَذُّبَ فَقَالَ لا أُقْسِمُ بِهذَا الْبَلَدِ وَ أَنْتَ حِلٌّ بِهذَا الْبَلَدِ إِنَّهُمْ عَظَّمُوا الْبَلَدَ وَ اسْتَحَلُّوا مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى
Tafseer Furat Bin Ibrahim – Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Umar Al Zuhry, by his chain from Ibrahim Bin Abu Yahya who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws was asked about Words of Allah-azwj the Exalted: ‘No! I do Swear by this city! [90:1] And you are a dweller in this city [90:2]. He-asws said: ‘Quraysh used to consider the city (Makkah) sacred, and were wearing the bark of the tree’. And Hammad (a reported) said, ‘Its branches, when they went out from the Sanctuary, and permit the reviling and the belying the Prophet-saww of Allah-azwj, so He-azwj Said: ‘No! I do Swear by this city! [90:1] And you are a dweller in this city [90:2]. They were revering the city and per permitting what Allah-azwj the Exalted had Prohibited’’.
عَنْ أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ وَ هُوَ الْمَرْوِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: كَانَتْ قُرَيْشٌ تُعَظِّمُ الْبَلَدَ وَ تَسْتَحِلُّ مُحَمَّداً فِيهِ فَقَالَ لا أُقْسِمُ بِهذَا الْبَلَدِ وَ أَنْتَ حِلٌّ بِهذَا الْبَلَدِ يُرِيدُ أَنَّهُمْ اسْتَحَلُّوكَ فِيهِ فَكَذَّبُوكَ وَ شَتَمُوكَ وَ كَانُوا لَا يَأْخُذُ الرَّجُلُ مِنْهُمْ فِيهِ قَاتِلَ أَبِيهِ وَ يَتَقَلَّدُونَ لِحَاءَ شَجَرِ الْحَرَمِ فَيَأْمَنُونَ بِتَقْلِيدِهِمْ إِيَّاه فَاسْتَحَلُّوا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص مَا لَمْ يَسْتَحِلُّوا مِنْ غَيْرِهِ فَعَابَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ
From Abu Muslim, and it is reported,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Quraysh used to revere the city and permitting (killing of) Muhammad-saww in it. So, He-azwj Said: ‘No! I do Swear by this city! [90:1] And you are a dweller in this city [90:2], Intending: “They are permitting (killing) you-saww in it, and are belying you-saww and reviling you-saww”. And it was so that whenever they seized the man from them in it, a killer of his father, and he wore bark of a tree of the Sanctuary, he would be safe due to them putting it (the bark) on him, but they permitting from Rasool-Allah-saww what they had not permitted from other, so Allah-azwj Refused that upon them’’. [9]
وَوَالِدٍ وَمَا وَلَدَ {3}
And (I Swear by) a father and what he begot [90:3]
محمد بن العباس: عن علي بن عبد الله، عن إبراهيم بن محمد، عن إبراهيم بن صالح الأنماطي، عن منصور، عن رجل، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قول الله عز و جل: وَ أَنْتَ حِلٌّ بِهذَا الْبَلَدِ، قال: «يعني رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)». قلت: وَ والِدٍ وَ ما وَلَدَ؟ قال: «علي و ما ولد
Muhammad Bin Al-Abbas, from Ali Bin Abdullah, from Ibrahim Bin Muhammad, from Ibrahim Bin Salih Al-Anmaty, from Mansour, from a man, the following:
‘Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of the Mighty and Majestic: And you are a dweller in this city [90:2], has said: It Means the Rasool-Allah-azwj’. I said, ‘(What about): And (I Swear by) a father and what he begot [90:3]?’ He-asws said: Ali-asws and his sons-asws’.[10]
و عنه: عن الحسين بن أحمد، عن محمد بن عيسى، عن يونس بن يعقوب، عن عبد الله بن محمد، عن أبي بكر الحضرمي، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: قال لي: «يا أبا بكر، قول الله عز و جل: وَ والِدٍ وَ ما وَلَدَ هو علي بن أبي طالب، و ما ولد الحسن و الحسين (عليهم السلام)
And from him, from Al-Husayn Bin Ahmad, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus Bin Yaqoub, from Abdullah Bin Muhammad, from Abu Bakr Al-Hazramy, who has said:
‘The narrator says, Abu Ja’far-asws to me: ‘O Abu Bakr! The Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: And (I Swear by) a father and what he begot [90:3], he-asws is Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, and what he-asws begot are Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws’.[11]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رَفَعَهُ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى لا أُقْسِمُ بِهذَا الْبَلَدِ. وَ أَنْتَ حِلٌّ بِهذَا الْبَلَدِ. وَ والِدٍ وَ ما وَلَدَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ مَا وَلَدَ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ ( عليهم السلام )
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Muhammad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abdullah,
(It has been narrated) raising it regarding the Words of the Exalted: No! I do Swear by this city! [90:1] And you are a dweller in this city [90:2] And (I Swear by) a father and what he begot [90:3]. He-asws said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws and what he-asws begot from the Imams-asws’.[12]
VERSES 4 – 7
لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ فِي كَبَدٍ {4}
We have Created the human being weak [90:4]
أَيَحْسَبُ أَنْ لَنْ يَقْدِرَ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ {5}
Does he reckon that no one will ever be able upon him? [90:5]
يَقُولُ أَهْلَكْتُ مَالًا لُبَدًا {6}
He is saying, ‘I have destroyed abundant wealth’ [90:6]
أَيَحْسَبُ أَنْ لَمْ يَرَهُ أَحَدٌ {7}
Does he reckon that not (even) one sees him (accountable)? [90:7]
علي بن إبراهيم، قال: أخبرنا أحمد بن إدريس، قال: حدثنا أحمد بن محمد، عن الحسين بن سعيد، عن إسماعيل بن عباد، عن الحسين بن أبي يعقوب، عن بعض أصحابه، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، في قوله تعالى: أَ يَحْسَبُ أَنْ لَنْ يَقْدِرَ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ: «يعني نعثل في قتله بنت النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله)
Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘It has been narrated to us from Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al-Husayn Bin Saeed, from Ismail Bin Abaad, from Al-Husayn Bin Abu Yaqoub, from one of his companions, the following:
‘Abu Ja’far-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: Does he reckon that no one will ever be able upon him? [90:5] – meaning Na’sal (Usman), regarding his killing the (adopted) daughter-asws of the Prophet-saww.
أَ يَحْسَبُ أَنْ لَمْ يَرَهُ أَحَدٌ قال: فساد كان في نفسه
Does he reckon that no one sees him? [90:7] – he-asws said: ‘Mischief which was within him’’. [13]
See the Hadith in Appendix II.
VERSES 8 – 10
أَلَمْ نَجْعَلْ لَهُ عَيْنَيْنِ {8}
Have We not Made two eyes for him, [90:8]
وَلِسَانًا وَشَفَتَيْنِ {9}
And a tongue and two lips? [90:9]
وَهَدَيْنَاهُ النَّجْدَيْنِ {01}
And Guided him (to) the two ways? [90:10]
علي بن إبراهيم، قال: أخبرنا أحمد بن إدريس، قال: حدثنا أحمد بن محمد، عن الحسين بن سعيد، عن إسماعيل بن عباد، عن الحسين بن أبي يعقوب، عن بعض أصحابه، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، في قوله تعالى: أَ لَمْ نَجْعَلْ لَهُ عَيْنَيْنِ، يعني رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) وَ لِساناً يعني أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) وَ شَفَتَيْنِ يعني الحسن و الحسين (عليهما السلام) وَ هَدَيْناهُ النَّجْدَيْنِ إلى ولايتهما
Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘It has been narrated to us from Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al-Husayn Bin Saeed, from Ismail Bin Abaad, from Al-Husayn Bin Abu Yaqoub, from one of his companions, the following:
‘Abu Ja’far-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: Have We not Made two eyes for him, [90:8] – meaning Rasool-Allah-saww And a tongue – meaning Amir Al-Momineen-asws, and two lips? [90:9] – meaning Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws. And Guided him (to) the two ways? [90:10] – to both their-asws Wilayahs’’.[14]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ هَدَيْناهُ النَّجْدَيْنِ قَالَ نَجْدَ الْخَيْرِ وَ الشَّرِّ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus Bin Abdul Rahman, from Ibn Bukeyr, from Hamza Bin Muhammad,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I asked him-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: And Guided him (to) the two ways? [90:10], he-asws said: ‘The way of good and the evil’.[15]
وقال الحسن بلغني أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله قال: ايها الناس هما نجدان نجد الخير ونجد الشر، فما جعل نجد الشر أحب اليكم من نجد الخير
And Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘It has reached me-asws from Rasool-Allah-saww that he-saww said: ‘O you people! These are two roads – a road of the good and a road of the evil. So do not make the road of evil to be more beloved to you than the road of good’.[16]
كنز جامع الفوائد و تأويل الآيات الظاهرة رَوَى الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الدَّيْلَمِيُّ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ حَدِيثاً مُسْنَداً يَرْفَعُهُ إِلَى أَبِي يَعْقُوبَ الْأَسَدِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ أَ لَمْ نَجْعَلْ لَهُ عَيْنَيْنِ وَ لِساناً وَ شَفَتَيْنِ قَالَ الْعَيْنَانِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ اللِّسَانُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامَ وَ الشَّفَتَانِ الْحَسَنُ وَ الْحُسَيْنُ ع وَ هَدَيْناهُ النَّجْدَيْنِ إِلَى وَلَايَتِهِمْ جَمِيعاً وَ إِلَى الْبَرَاءَةِ مِنْ أَعْدَائِهِمْ جَمِيعاً
(The books) ‘Kunz Jamie Al Fawaid’ and ‘Taweel Al Ayaat Al Zaahira’ – It is reported by Al Hassan Bin Abu Al Hassan al Daylami in his Tafseer, there is a attributed Hadeeth raising it to Abu Yaqoub Al Asady,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: Have We not Made two eyes for him, [90:8] And a tongue and two lips? [90:9] And Guided him (to) the two ways? [90:10]. He-asws said: ‘The two eyes is Rasool-Allah-saww, and the tongue is Amir Al-Momineen-asws, and the two lips are Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws, And Guided him (to) the two ways? [90:10] – to all their-asws Wilayah, and to the disavowment from all their-asws enemies’’.[17]
VERSES 11 – 16
فَلَا اقْتَحَمَ الْعَقَبَةَ {11}
But he does not attempt the uphill road [90:11]
كنز جامع الفوائد و تأويل الآيات الظاهرة مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ تَغْلِبَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ فَلَا اقْتَحَمَ الْعَقَبَةَ قَالَ نَحْنُ الْعَقَبَةُ وَ مَنِ اقْتَحَمَهَا نَجَا وَ بِنَا فَكَّ اللَّهُ رِقَابَكُمْ مِنَ النَّارِ
(The books) ‘Kunz Jamie Al Fawaid’ and ‘Taweel Al Ayaat Al Zaahira’ – Muhammad Bin Al Abbas, from Muhammad Bin Al Qasim, from Ubeyd Bin Kaseer, from Ibrahim Bin Is’haq, from Muhammad Bin Al Fuzeyl, from Aban Bin Taglib,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws regarding Words of Mighty and Majestic: But he does not attempt the uphill road [90:11]. He-asws said: ‘We-asws are the uphill road, and the one who attempts it would attain salvation, and through us-asws Allah-azwj Frees their necks from the Fire’’.[18]
وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا الْعَقَبَةُ {12}
And what will make you realise what the uphill road is? [90:12]
فَكُّ رَقَبَةٍ {13}
Freeing a neck [90:13]
كنز جامع الفوائد و تأويل الآيات الظاهرة مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ زُهَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبَانٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ فَلَا اقْتَحَمَ الْعَقَبَةَ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَانُ هَلْ بَلَغَكَ مِنْ أَحَدٍ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ فَقُلْتُ لَا فَقَالَ نَحْنُ الْعَقَبَةُ فَلَا يَصْعَدُ إِلَيْنَا إِلَّا مَنْ كَانَ مِنَّا
(The books) ‘Kunz Jamie Al Fawaid’ and ‘Taweel Al Ayaat Al Zaahira’ – Muhammad Bin Al Abbas, from Al Husayn Bin Ahmad, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus Bin Yawqoub, from Yunus Bin Zuheyr, from Aban who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about this Verse: But he does not attempt the uphill road [90:11], so he-asws said; ‘O Aban! Has anything reached you about this from anyone?’ So I said, ‘No’. He-asws said: ‘We-asws are ‘the uphill road’, so no one will ascend to us-asws except for the one who is from us-asws’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا أَبَانُ أَ لَا أَزِيدُكَ فِيهَا حَرْفاً خَيْراً لَكَ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا وَ مَا فِيهَا قُلْتُ بَلَى قَالَ فَكُّ رَقَبَةٍ النَّاسُ مَمَالِيكُ النَّارِ كُلُّهُمْ غَيْرَكَ وَ غَيْرَ أَصْحَابِكَ فَفَكَّهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْهَا قُلْتُ بِمَا فَكَّنَا مِنْهَا قَالَ بِوَلَايَتِكُمْ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع
Then he-asws said: ‘O Aban! Shall I-asws increase a phrase for you being better for you than the world and whatever is in it’. I said, ‘Yes’. He-asws said: ‘He-asws said: ‘Freeing a neck [90:13]. The people, all of them, are the slaves of the Fire, apart from you and your companions, for Allah-azwj has Freed them from it’. I said, ‘By what has He-azwj Freed us from it?’ He-asws said: ‘By your being in the Wilayah of Amir-Al-Momineen-asws Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws’’.[19]
كنز جامع الفوائد و تأويل الآيات الظاهرة مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى فَكُّ رَقَبَةٍ قَالَ النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ عَبِيدُ النَّارِ إِلَّا مَنْ دَخَلَ فِي طَاعَتِنَا وَ وَلَايَتِنَا فَقَدْ فَكَّ رَقَبَتَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ وَ الْعَقَبَةُ وَلَايَتُنَا
(The books) ‘Kunz Jamie Al Fawaid’ and ‘Taweel Al Ayaat Al Zaahira’ – Muhammad Bin Al Abbas, from Ahmad Bin Al Qasim, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Kkhalid, from Muhammad Bin Umar, from Abu Bakr Al Hazramy,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws regarding Words of the Exalted: Freeing a neck [90:13]. He-asws said: ‘The people, all of them are slaves of the Fire one who enters into our-asws obedience and our-asws Wilayah, so his-asws neck has been freed from the Fire, and the uphill road [90:11] is our-asws Wilayah’’.[20]
أَوْ إِطْعَامٌ فِي يَوْمٍ ذِي مَسْغَبَةٍ {14}
Or feeding during a day of starvation [90:14]
يَتِيمًا ذَا مَقْرَبَةٍ {15}
(To) an orphan, possessing relationship [90:15]
أَوْ مِسْكِينًا ذَا مَتْرَبَةٍ {16}
Or a poor person with destitution [90:16]
The uphill road
محمد بن العباس: عن الحسين بن أحمد، عن محمد بن عيسى، عن يونس بن يعقوب، عن يونس بن زهير، عن أبان، قال: سألت أبا عبد الله (عليه السلام) عن هذه الآية: فَلَا اقْتَحَمَ الْعَقَبَةَ، فقال: «يا أبان، هل بلغك من أحد فيها شيء؟» فقلت: لا، فقال: «نحن العقبة، فلا يصعد إلينا إلا من كان منا
Muhammad Bin Al-Abbas, from Al-Husayn Bin Ahmad, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus Bin Yaqoub, from Yunus Bin Zaheeer, from Aban who said:
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about this Verse: But he does not attempt the uphill road [90:11], so he-asws said; ‘O Aban! Has anything reached you about this from anyone?’ So I said, ‘No’. He-asws said: ‘We-asws are ‘the uphill road’, so no one will ascend to us-asws except for the one who is from us-asws’.[21]
و عنه: عن علي بن محمد، عن سهل بن زياد، عن محمد بن سليمان الديلمي، عن أبيه، عن أبان بن تغلب، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: قلت له: جعلت فداك [قوله]: فَلَا اقْتَحَمَ الْعَقَبَةَ؟
And from him, from Ali Bin Muhammad, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Muhammad Bin Suleyman Al Daylami, from his father, from Aban Bin Taghlub,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! (What about) His-azwj Words: But he does not attempt the uphill road [90:11]?’
فقال: «من أكرمه الله بولايتنا، فقد جاز العقبة، و نحن تلك العقبة التي من اقتحمها نجا
So he-asws said: ‘One whom Allah-azwj Honours with our-asws Wilayah, so he has crossed over the uphill road, and we are that uphill road – the one who attempts it, attains salvation’’.[22]
ابن شهر آشوب: عن محمد بن الصباح الزعفراني، عن المزني، عن الشافعي، عن مالك، عن حميد، عن أنس، قال: قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، في قوله تعالى: فَلَا اقْتَحَمَ الْعَقَبَةَ: «إن فوق الصراط عقبة كؤودا، طولها ثلاثة آلاف عام، ألف عام هبوط، و ألف عام شوك و حسك و عقارب و حيات، و ألف عام صعود
Ibn Shehr Ahub, from Muhammad Bin Al-Sabah Al-Zafrany, from Al-Mazny, from Al-Shafei, from Maalik, from Hameed, from Anas who said:
‘The Rasool-Allah-saww said regarding His-azwj Words: But he does not attempt the uphill road [90:11]: ‘Over the Bridge (Al-Siraat) is an insurmountable obstacle, then length of which is of three thousand years of descent, and a thousand years of your desires, and your feelings, and scorpions, and snakes; and a thousand years of ascent.
أنا أول من يقطع تلك العقبة، و ثاني من يقطع تلك العقبة علي بن أبي طالب (عليه السلام)». و قال بعد كلام: «لا يقطعها في غير مشقة إلا محمد و أهل بيته» الخبر
I-asws would be the first one to cut through those obstacles, and the second one who cuts through those obstacles would be Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws’. And he-saww said after the speech: ‘No one will (be able to) cut through those obstacles comfortably except for Muhammad-saww and the People-asws of his-saww Household’.[23]
Freeing a neck
محمد بن يعقوب: عن الحسين بن محمد، عن معلى بن محمد، عن محمد بن جمهور، عن يونس، قال: أخبرني من رفعه إلى أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قوله عز و جل: فَلَا اقْتَحَمَ الْعَقَبَةَ وَ ما أَدْراكَ مَا الْعَقَبَةُ فَكُّ رَقَبَةٍ: «يعني بقوله: فَكُّ رَقَبَةٍ ولاية أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)، فإن ذلك فك رقبة
Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from Al-Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moala Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Jamhour, from Yunus,
‘From the one with an unbroken chain going up to Abu Abdullah-asws – Abu Abdullah-asws said regarding the Words of the Mighty and Majestic: But he does not attempt the uphill road [90:11] And what will make you realise what the uphill road is? [90:12] Freeing a neck [90:13], He-azwj Means by His-azwj Words: Freeing a neck [90:13], Wilayah of Amir-Al-Momineen-asws, for it is that which frees the neck’ (from Hell Fire).
ثم قال: «يا أبان، ألا أزيدك فيها حرفا، خير لك من الدنيا و ما فيها؟». قلت: بلى
Then he-asws said: ‘O Aban! Shall I-asws increase for you with regards to it with a word which is better for you than the world and whatever it contains?’ I said, ‘Yes’.
قال: «فَكُّ رَقَبَةٍ، الناس مماليك النار كلهم غيرك و غير أصحابك، فككم الله منها». قلت: بما فكنا منها؟ قال: «بولايتكم أمير المؤمنين علي ابن أبي طالب (عليه السلام)
He-asws said: ‘Freeing a neck [90:13]. The people, all of them, are the slaves of the Fire, apart from you and your companions, for Allah-azwj has Freed them from it’. I said, ‘By what has He-azwj Freed us from it?’ He-asws said: ‘By your being in the Wilayah of Amir-Al-Momineen-asws Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws’. [24]
و عنه: عن أحمد بن القاسم، عن أحمد بن محمد، عن محمد بن خالد، عن محمد بن عمر، عن أبي بكر الحضرمي، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قوله تعالى: فَكُّ رَقَبَةٍ، قال: «الناس كلهم عبيد النار إلا من دخل في طاعتنا و ولايتنا، فقد فك رقبته من النار، و العقبة: ولايتنا
And from him, from Ahmad Bin Al-Qasim, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Muhammad Bin Umar, from Abu Bakr Al-Hazramy, who has said:
‘Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: Freeing a neck [90:13], said: ‘All of the people are servants of the Fire except for the one who enters into our-asws obedience and our-asws Wilayah, so his neck would have been Freed from the Fire, and the uphill road, is our-asws Wilayah’.[25]
علي بن إبراهيم، قال: حدثنا جعفر بن أحمد ، قال: حدثنا عبد الله بن موسى، عن الحسن ابن علي بن أبي حمزة، عن أبيه، عن أبي بصير، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قوله تعالى: فَكُّ رَقَبَةٍ، قال: «بنا تفك الرقاب، و بمعرفتنا، و نحن المطعمون في يوم الجوع و هو المسغبة
Ali bin Ibrahim said, ‘It has been narrated to us from Abdullah Bin Musa, from Al-Hassan Bin Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from his father, from Abu Baseer, who has said:
‘Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: Freeing a neck [90:13]. He-asws said: ‘It is by us-asws the necks are freed (from the Fire), and by having recognised us-asws, and we-asws are the feeders in the days of the hunger, and it is the starvation’.[26]
Feeding the poor
عنه، عن جعفر بن محمد الاشعري، عن ابن القداح، عن أبى عبد الله (ع) قال: من أطعم مسلما حتى يشبعه لم يدر أحد من خلق الله ماله من الاجر في الآخرة، لا ملك مقرب ولا نبى مرسل إلا الله رب العالمين
From him, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Al Ashary, from Ibn Al Qadah, from
Abu Abdullah-asws has said: ‘The one who feeds a Muslim until he satiates him, none from the creatures of Allah-azwj would (be able to) comprehend what Recompense there is for him in the Hereafter, neither do the Angels of Proximity, nor Mursil Prophets-as, only the Lord-azwj of the Worlds (Knows)’.
ثم قال: من موجبات الجنة والمغفرة إطعام الطعام السغبان، ثم تلا قول الله عزوجل: ” أو إطعام في يوم ذى مسغبة، يتيما ذا مقربة، أو مسكينا ذا متربة، ثم كان من الذين آمنوا
Then he-asws said: ‘From the Obligations (for achieving) the Paradise and the Forgiveness is feeding of the food to the hungry’. Then he-asws recited the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Or feeding during a day of starvation [90:14] (To) an orphan, possessing relationship [90:15] Or a poor one man with destitution [90:16], then he would be from those who believe’’.[27]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ أَخْبَرْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) أَنِّي أُصِبْتُ بِابْنَيْنِ وَ بَقِيَ لِي بُنَيٌّ صَغِيرٌ فَقَالَ تَصَدَّقْ عَنْهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ حِينَ حَضَرَ قِيَامِي مُرِ الصَّبِيَّ فَلْيَتَصَدَّقْ بِيَدِهِ بِالْكِسْرَةِ وَ الْقَبْضَةِ وَ الشَّيْءِ وَ إِنْ قَلَّ فَإِنَّ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ يُرَادُ بِهِ اللَّهُ وَ إِنْ قَلَّ بَعْدَ أَنْ تَصْدُقَ النِّيَّةُ فِيهِ عَظِيمٌ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْراً يَرَهُ وَ مَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from Muhammad Bin Ali, from Muhammad Bin Umar Bin Yazeed who said,
‘I informed Abu Al-Hassan Al-Reza-asws that I have been hit by (the death of) two sons, and there remains for me one young son. So he-asws said: ‘Give charity on his behalf’. Then he-asws said when I was about to arise, ‘Instruct the child so let him give the charity with his own hands, with the bread, and the handful (of foodstuff), and the thing, be it little, for everything by which Allah-azwj is intended even though it may be little after the sincerity of the intention in it, is great. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: So, one who does good of a weight of a particle would see it [99:7] And one who does evil of a weight of a particle would see it [9:8]’.
وَ قَالَ فَلَا اقْتَحَمَ الْعَقَبَةَ وَ ما أَدْراكَ مَا الْعَقَبَةُ فَكُّ رَقَبَةٍ أَوْ إِطْعامٌ فِي يَوْمٍ ذِي مَسْغَبَةٍ يَتِيماً ذا مَقْرَبَةٍ أَوْ مِسْكِيناً ذا مَتْرَبَةٍ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنَّ كُلَّ أَحَدٍ لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى فَكِّ رَقَبَةٍ فَجَعَلَ إِطْعَامَ الْيَتِيمِ وَ الْمِسْكِينِ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ تَصَدَّقْ عَنْهُ
And He-azwj Said: But he does not attempt the uphill road [90:11] And what will make you realise what the uphill road is? [90:12] Freeing a neck [90:13] Or feeding during a day of starvation [90:14] (To) an orphan, possessing relationship [90:15] Or a poor one man with destitution [90:16]. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Knows that everyone is not able upon freeing a neck, so He-azwj Made feeding the orphan and the poor as being similar to that. Give charity on his behalf’.[28]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُعَمَّرِ بْنِ خَلَّادٍ قَالَ كَانَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) إِذَا أَكَلَ أُتِيَ بِصَحْفَةٍ فَتُوضَعُ بِقُرْبِ مَائِدَتِهِ فَيَعْمِدُ إِلَى أَطْيَبِ الطَّعَامِ مِمَّا يُؤْتَى بِهِ فَيَأْخُذُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَيْئاً فَيَضَعُ فِي تِلْكَ الصَّحْفَةِ ثُمَّ يَأْمُرُ بِهَا لِلْمَسَاكِينِ ثُمَّ يَتْلُو هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ فَلَا اقْتَحَمَ الْعَقَبَةَ
Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from his father, from Moammar Bin Khallad who said,
‘Abu Al-Hassan Al-Reza-asws, whenever he-asws ate, would come with a platter and place it near the table. Then he-asws would deliberate to the best of the foods from what had been brought, so he-asws would take something from everything and he-asws would place in that platter. Then he-asws would order with it to be for the poor. Then he-asws would recite this Verse: But he does not attempt the uphill road [90:11].
ثُمَّ يَقُولُ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى عِتْقِ رَقَبَةٍ فَجَعَلَ لَهُمُ السَّبِيلَ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ
Then he-asws would be saying: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Knows that there is not the ability for every human being upon the emancipation of a neck, therefore He-azwj Made for them the way to the Paradise’.[29]
تفسير الإمام عليه السلام ج، الإحتجاج بِإِسْنَادِهِ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ ع قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَشَدُّ مِنْ يُتْمِ الْيَتِيمِ الَّذِي انْقَطَعَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ يُتْمُ يَتِيمٍ انْقَطَعَ عَنْ إِمَامِهِ وَ لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى الْوُصُولِ إِلَيْهِ وَ لَا يَدْرِي كَيْفَ حُكْمُهُ فِيمَا يُبْتَلَى بِهِ مِنْ شَرَائِعِ دِينِهِ أَلَا فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْ شِيعَتِنَا عَالِماً بِعُلُومِنَا وَ هَذَا الْجَاهِلُ بِشَرِيعَتِنَا الْمُنْقَطِعُ عَنْ مُشَاهَدَتِنَا يَتِيمٌ فِي حِجْرِهِ أَلَا فَمَنْ هَدَاهُ وَ أَرْشَدَهُ وَ عَلَّمَهُ شَرِيعَتَنَا كَانَ مَعَنَا فِي الرَّفِيقِ الْأَعْلَى
By his chain going up to Abu Muhammad Al-Askari-asws having said: ‘My-asws father-asws narrated to me-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws, from Rasool-Allah-saww having said: ‘Severer than the orphanhood of the orphan who is cut off from his father, is the orphanhood of an orphan cut off from his Imam-asws, not being able upon reaching him-asws, and he does not know what his-asws rulings are regarding what he is involved with from the Laws of his Religion.
Indeed! The one who was from our-asws Shias being knowledgeable with our-asws teachings, (is like the one who is holding) an orphan in his lap the one who is ignorant of our-asws Laws, (due to being) cut-off from witnessing us. Indeed! So one who guides him and shows him the right way, and teaches him our-asws Laws would be with us-asws among the lofty friends’.[30]
VERSE 17
ثُمَّ كَانَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالصَّبْرِ وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالْمَرْحَمَةِ {17}
Then he would be from those who believe, and enjoin the patience and enjoin the compassion [90:17]
VERSES 18 – 20
أُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ {18}
These are the companions of the right hand [90:18]
وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِنَا هُمْ أَصْحَابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ {19}
And those who disbelieve in Our Signs, they are the companions of the left hand [90:19]
عَلَيْهِمْ نَارٌ مُؤْصَدَةٌ {20}
Upon them would be a Fire closed over (from all sides) [90:20]
علي بن إبراهيم: قوله تعالى: أَصْحابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ قال: أصحاب أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)
Ali Bin Ibrahim (Tafseer Qummi) –
Regarding the Words of the Exalted: These are the companions of the right hand [90:18], said: ‘The companions of Amir-Al-Momineen-asws.
وَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآياتِنا قال: الذين خالفوا أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) هُمْ أَصْحابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ
And those who disbelieve in Our Signs [90:19], He said: ‘The ones who opposed Amir-al-Momineen-asws they are the companions of the left hand [90:19].
و قال: أصحاب المشأمة: أعداء آل محمد عَلَيْهِمْ نارٌ مُؤْصَدَةٌ أي مطبقة
And he-asws said: ‘And the companions of the left hand are the enemies of the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww Upon them would be a Fire closed over (from all sides) [90:20], i.e., layers of it’.[31]
قال: و سمعته يقول: «كذبوا بآياتنا كلها، في بطن القرآن، أن كذبوا بالأوصياء كلهم
He (the narrator) said, ‘And I heard him (Abu Ja’far-asws) saying: ‘They are belying our-asws signs, all of them, in the esoteric of the Quran, and they were belying the succesors-asws, all of them-asws’’.[32]
و قال علي بن إبراهيم: الآيات: أمير المؤمنين و الائمة (عليهم السلام)، و الدليل على ذلك قول أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام): «ما لله آية أكبر مني
And Ali Bin Ibrahim said,
‘The Signs are Amir-Al-Momineen-asws and the Imams-asws, and the evidence upon that are the words of Amir-Al-Momineen-asws: ‘There is no ‘Sign’ of Allah-azwj greater than I-asws!’[33]
محمد بن يعقوب: عن محمد بن يحيى، عن أحمد بن محمد، عن محمد بن أبي عمير أو غيره، عن محمد بن الفضيل، عن أبي حمزة، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: كان أمير المؤمنين (صلوات الله عليه) يقول: ما لله عز و جل آية هي أكبر مني، و لا لله من نبأ أعظم مني
Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Abu Umeyr or someone else, from Muhammad Bin Al Fazeyl, from Abu Hamza,
From Abu Ja’far-asws having said, Amir-Al-Momineen-asws was saying: ‘There is no ‘Sign’ of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic which is greater than I-asws, nor a News from Allah-azwj greater than I-asws!’[34]
تفسير القمي وَ ما أَدْراكَ مَا الْعَقَبَةُ قَالَ الْعَقَبَةُ الْأَئِمَّةُ ع مَنْ صَعِدَهَا فَكَّ رَقَبَتَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ أَوْ مِسْكِيناً ذا مَتْرَبَةٍ قَالَ لَا يَقِيهِ مِنَ التُّرَابِ شَيْءٌ
Tafseer Al-Qummi – And what will make you realise what the uphill road is? [90:12]. He said, ‘The uphill road are the Imams-asws. One who climbs it, his neck would be freed from the Fire; Or a poor person with destitution [90:16]. He said, ‘There is nothing saving him from the dust.
قَوْلُهُ أَصْحابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ قَالَ أَصْحَابُ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع وَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآياتِنا قَالَ الَّذِينَ خَالَفُوا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع هُمْ أَصْحابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ قَالَ الْمَشْأَمَةُ أَعْدَاءُ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع عَلَيْهِمْ نارٌ مُؤْصَدَةٌ أَيْ مُطْبَقَةٌ
His-azwj Words: companions of the right hand [90:18]. He said, ‘Companions of Amir Al-Momineen-asws; And those who disbelieve in Our Signs,– those who opposed Amir Al-Momineen-asws they are the companions of the left hand [90:19]. He said, ‘The left hand are the enemies of Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww, Upon them would be a Fire closed over (from all sides) [90:20], i.e., layered’’.[35]
أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فِي قَوْلِهِ أَ يَحْسَبُ أَنْ لَنْ يَقْدِرَ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ يَعْنِي نَعْثَلَ فِي قَتْلِ ابْنَةِ النَّبِيِّ ص
We were informed by Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Ismail Bin Abbad, from Al Husayn Bin Abu Yaqoub, from one of his companions,
‘‘Abu Ja’far-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: Does he reckon that no one will ever be able upon him? [90:5] – meaning Na’sal (Umar), regarding his killing the daughter-asws of the Prophet-saww.
يَقُولُ أَهْلَكْتُ مالًا لُبَداً يَعْنِي الَّذِي جَهَّزَ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ص فِي جَيْشِ الْعُسْرَةِ
He is saying, ‘I have destroyed abundant wealth’ [90:6] – meaning which he supplied the Prophet-saww with regarding an army, (complaining of) the (financial) hardship.
أَ يَحْسَبُ أَنْ لَمْ يَرَهُ أَحَدٌ قَالَ فِي فَسَادٍ كَانَ فِي نَفْسِهِ
Does he reckon that no one sees him? [90:7] – he-asws said: ‘Mischief which was within him’.
أَ لَمْ نَجْعَلْ لَهُ عَيْنَيْنِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ لِساناً يَعْنِي أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع وَ شَفَتَيْنِ يَعْنِي الْحَسَنَ وَ الْحُسَيْنَ وَ هَدَيْناهُ النَّجْدَيْنِ إِلَى وَلَايَتِهِمَا
Have We not Made two eyes for him, [90:8] – meaning Rasool-Allah-saww And a tongue – meaning Amir Al-Momineen-asws, and two lips? [90:9] – meaning Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws. And Guided him (to) the two ways? [90:10] – to both their-asws Wilayahs’.
فَلَا اقْتَحَمَ الْعَقَبَةَ وَ ما أَدْراكَ مَا الْعَقَبَةُ يَقُولُ مَا أَعْلَمَكَ وَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ فِي الْقُرْآنِ ما أَدْراكَ فَهُوَ مَا أَعْلَمَكَ يَتِيماً ذا مَقْرَبَةٍ يَعْنِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص وَ الْمَقْرَبَةُ قُرْبَاهُ
But he does not attempt the uphill road [90:11] And what will make you realise what the uphill road is? [90:12]. He-azwj Says, what would make you know and all things are in the Quran? what will make you realise, so it is, what will make you know. (To) an orphan, possessing relationship [90:15] – meaning Rasool-Allah-saww and the relationships are his-saww relatives.
أَوْ مِسْكِيناً ذا مَتْرَبَةٍ يَعْنِي أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ مُتْرِبٌ بِالْعِلْمِ
Or a poor person with destitution [90:16] – meaning Amir Al-Momineen-asws, cultivated with the knowledge’’.[36]
Ashab of Yameen and Ashab of Shemaal.
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُمَرَ الْيَمَانِيِّ عَنْ جَابِرٍ الْجُعْفِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَا جَابِرُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى خَلَقَ الْخَلْقَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَصْنَافٍ وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ كُنْتُمْ أَزْواجاً ثَلاثَةً فَأَصْحابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ ما أَصْحابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ وَ أَصْحابُ الْمَشْئَمَةِ ما أَصْحابُ الْمَشْئَمَةِ وَ السَّابِقُونَ السَّابِقُونَ أُولئِكَ الْمُقَرَّبُونَ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Hammad Bin Isa, from Ibrahim Bin Umar Al Yamani, from Jabir Al Ju’fy who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘O Jabir! Allah-azwj Blessed and High Created the creatures (people) upon three types, and these are the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic And you shall be three sorts [56:7]. So the companions of the right hand; what are the companions of the right hand [56:8]! And the companions of the left hand; what are the companions of the left hand [56:9]! And the foremost are the foremost [56:10], These are the ones of proximity [56:11] .
فَالسَّابِقُونَ هُمْ رُسُلُ اللَّهِ ( عليهم السلام ) وَ خَاصَّةُ اللَّهِ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ جَعَلَ فِيهِمْ خَمْسَةَ أَرْوَاحٍ أَيَّدَهُمْ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ فَبِهِ عَرَفُوا الْأَشْيَاءَ وَ أَيَّدَهُمْ بِرُوحِ الْإِيمَانِ فَبِهِ خَافُوا اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ أَيَّدَهُمْ بِرُوحِ الْقُوَّةِ فَبِهِ قَدَرُوا عَلَى طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ وَ أَيَّدَهُمْ بِرُوحِ الشَّهْوَةِ فَبِهِ اشْتَهَوْا طَاعَةَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ كَرِهُوا مَعْصِيَتَهُ وَ جَعَلَ فِيهِمْ رُوحَ الْمَدْرَجِ الَّذِي بِهِ يَذْهَبُ النَّاسُ وَ يَجِيئُونَ
So, the ones of proximity, they-as are the Rasools-as of Allah-azwj and the special ones of Allah-azwj from His-azwj creatures. Allah-azwj Made five spirits to be inside them-asws. He-azwj Assisted them-as with the Holy Spirit, and by it they-as recognise the things, and Assisted them-as with the spirit of Eman and by it they-as fear Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and Assisted them-as by the spirit of strength and by it they-as are able upon the obedience of Allah-azwj, and Assisted them-as by the spirit of desire and by it they are desiring the obedience of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic and are abhorring the disobedience. And He-azwj Made to be within them-as the spirit of progression by which the people are going and coming.
وَ جَعَلَ فِي الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ أَصْحَابِ الْمَيْمَنَةِ رُوحَ الْإِيمَانِ فَبِهِ خَافُوا اللَّهَ وَ جَعَلَ فِيهِمْ رُوحَ الْقُوَّةِ فَبِهِ قَدَرُوا عَلَى طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ وَ جَعَلَ فِيهِمْ رُوحَ الشَّهْوَةِ فَبِهِ اشْتَهَوْا طَاعَةَ اللَّهِ وَ جَعَلَ فِيهِمْ رُوحَ الْمَدْرَجِ الَّذِي بِهِ يَذْهَبُ النَّاسُ وَ يَجِيئُونَ
And He-azwj Made to be within the Momineen and the companions of the right hand, the spirit of Eman and by it they are fearing Allah-azwj, and Made to be within them the spirit of strength and by it they are enabled upon the obedience of Allah-azwj, and Made to be within them the spirit of the desire and by it they are desiring the obedience of Allah-azwj, and Made to be within them the spirit of progression by which the people are going and coming’.[37]
Appendix I: Overall Hadeeth
ويؤيده: ما روي عن أبي عبد الله عليه السلام أنه قال: كانت قريش تعظم البلد الحرام وتستحل محمدا صلى الله عليه وآله فقال تعالى (لا أقسم بهذا البلد وأنت حل بهذا البلد) يريد أنهم استحلوك وكذبوك وشتموك، فعاب الله ذلك عليهم
And it is supported by what is reported from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Quraysh used to revere the Sacred city (Makkah) and permitted (the killing of) Muhammad-saww, so the Exalted Said: ‘No! I do Swear by this city! [90:1] And you are a dweller in this city [90:2], Intending that they are considering (killing) you-saww permissible and are belying you-saww and insulting you-asws, so Allah-azwj Refused that upon them.
ثم ابتدأ قسما ثانيا فقال (ووالد وما ولد). وعلى القولين أن ” ووالد وما ولد ” مقسم بهم، وهم علي والحسن والحسين عليهم السلام وحالهم في انتهاك الحرمة واستباحة العرض والدم كحال النبي صلى الله عليه وآله
Then He-azwj Began a second Swear: And (I Swear by) a father and what he begot [90:3] – and it is upon two Words: A father and what he begot’, Swearing by them, and they-asws are Ali-asws, and Al Hassan-asws, and Al Husayn-asws; and their-asws state in the violation of the Sanctity and the desecration of the violation and the blood is like the state of the Prophet‑saww.
وقوله (لقد خلقنا الانسان – وهو عدو آل محمد عليهم السلام – في كبد – يكابد مصائب الدنيا وشدائدها وأهوال الآخرة
And His-azwj Words: We have Created the human being [90:4] – and he is an enemy of the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww – in suffering [90:4] – suffering in the difficulties of the world and the severities and the horrors of the Hereafter.
(أيحسب – هذا الانسان إذا عصى وكفر – – أن لن يقدر عليه أحد – في عذابه في الدنيا وعقابه في الآخرة)
Does he reckon – this human being, when he disobeys and commits Kufr, that no one will ever be able upon him? [90:5], in punishing him in the world and Punishing him in the Hereafter?
يقول أهلكت مالا لبدا – أي كثيرا في عداوة محمد وأهل بيته عليهم السلام – أيحسب أن ليره أحد) فيسأله عن ماله من أين اكتسبه، وفيما أنفقه، وعن ولايتنا أهل البيت عليهم السلام
He is saying, ‘I have destroyed abundant wealth’ [90:6] – i.e., a lot, in the enmity of Muhammad-saww and the People-asws of his-saww Household. Does he reckon that no one sees him? [90:7]. He-azwj would ask him about his wealth, from where did he earn it, and in what did he spend it, and about our-asws Wilayah of the People-asws of the Household.
ثم وبخه وعدد النعم التي أنعم بها عليه فقال (ألم نجعل له عينين) يبصر بهما الضلال من الهدى، وهو كناية عن النبي صلى الله عليه وآله كما تقدم
Then He-azwj Rebukes him and Counts the Bounties which He-azwj has Favoured upon him with, so He-azwj Says: Have We not Made two eyes for him, [90:8] – he can see by these the straying from the Guidance, and it is a metaphor about the Prophet-saww just as before.
(ولسانا) ينطق به وهو كناية عن أمير المؤمنين عليه السلام. ويدل على ذلك قوله تعالى (وجعلنا لهم لسان صدق عليا). وقوله تعالى حكاية عن إبراهيم عليه السلام (واجعل في لسان صدق في الآخرين) والمعني في القولين: أمير المؤمنين عليه السلام
And a tongue [90:9] – he is speaking with, and it is a metaphor about Amir Al Momineen-asws. And the evidence upon that are the Words of the Exalted: and We Made for them a truthful tongue of Ali [19:50]. And the Words of the Exalted Telling on behalf of Ibrahim-as: And Make for me a truthful tongue among the latter ones [26:84] – and the meaning regarding the two Words is Amir Al Momineen-asws.
وقوله (وشفتين) لان بهما يحصل النطق والذوق، وفيهما حكم كثيرة وهما كناية عن الحسن والحسين عليهما السلام كما تقدم، لانهما قوام الدين ونظام الاسلام والمسلمين
And His-azwj Words: and two lips? [90:9] – because by these two he attains the speaking and the tasting, and regarding these two is a lot of wisdom, and these two are teknonyms about Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws, just as (mentioned) before, because they-asws both are the pillars of the Religion, and the system of Al -slam and the Muslims.
وقوله تعالى (وهديناه النجدين) أي السبيلين، سبيل ولاية محمد وآل محمد صلوات الله عليهم وسبيل عداوتهم، وعرفناه غاية السبيلين. والنجد: ما علا من الارض والعقبة: الثنية الضيقة التي ترتقى بصعوبة وشدة، وقد ذكر أن العقبة: هي الولاية
And the Words of the Exalted: And Guided him (to) the two ways? [90:10] – i.e., two ways – a way of the Wilayah of Muhammad-saww and the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww, and a way of their-asws enemies, and its recognition is the people of the two ways. And the ‘Najd’ (way) is what is higher than the ground, and the uphill road, is the narrow gap which is trodden by difficulty and severity, and I-asws have mentioned that the uphill road, it is the Wilayah.
فلما عرف ذلك قال (فلا اقتحم العقبة) عقبة الولاية، والتقدير [ أ ] فلا اقتحم العقبة في الدنيا لينجو من العقبة في الآخرة ؟ وإنما شبه الولاية بالعقبة لان العقبة لا ترقى إلا بصعوبة وشدة (وكذلك الولاية لا يرتقى إليها إلا بصعوبة وشدة) ومحن
So when He-azwj Introduced that, He-azwj Said: But he does not attempt the uphill road [90:11] – the ascent of the Wilayah and the respect, so why does he not attempt the uphill road in the world in order to attain salvation from the uphill road in the Hereafter? But rather, He-azwj Resembled the Wilayah with the uphill road because the uphill road cannot be ascended upon except by difficulty and severity, and similar to that, the Wilayah cannot be ascended to except by difficulties and severities, and effort’.
لقولهم عليهم السلام: من أحبنا أهل البيت فليستعد للبلاء. ولقول علي عليه السلام: من أحبني فليتجلبب للفقر جلبابا. ولقوله عليه السلام: لو أحبني جبل لتهافت
(This is) due to their-asws words: ‘One who loves us-asws, the People-asws of the Household, so let him be prepared for the afflictions’, and due to the words of Ali-asws: ‘One who loves me-asws, so he would roll towards the poverty with a rolling’. And due to his-asws words: ‘If a mountain were to love me-asws, it would crumble’.
ثم وصف الذي اقتحم العقبة فقال (ثم كان من الذين ءا ] منوا وتواصوا بالصبر وتواصوا بالمرحمة أولئك أصحاب الميمنة) وهم (محمد و) آل محمد عليهم السلام وشيعتهم
‘Then He-azwj Describes those who attempt the uphill road, so He-azwj Said: Then he would be from those who believe, and enjoin the patience and enjoin the compassion [90:17] These are the companions of the right hand [90:18] – and they-asws are Muhammad-saww and the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww and their-asws Shias.
ثم وصف الذين لم يقتحموا العقبة فقال (والذين كفروا بآياتنا – والآيات هم الائمة عليهم السلام – هم أصحاب المشئمة عليهم نار مؤصدة)
Then He-azwj Describes those who do not attempt the uphill road, so He-azwj Says: ‘And those who disbelieve in Our Signs – and the Signs, they-asws are the Imams-asws, they are the companions of the left hand [90:19] Upon them would be a Fire closed over (from all sides) [90:20]’’.[38]
Appendix II: killing of a step-daughter
66- يج: رَوَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ خَلِيفَةَ، قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ قَاعِداً فَسَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقُمِّيِّينَ: أَ تُصَلِّي النِّسَاءُ عَلَى الْجَنَائِزِ؟
(The book) ‘Al Kharaij Wa Al Jaraih’ – It is reported from Muhammad Bin Abdul Hameed, from Aasim Bin Humeyd, from Yazeed Bin Khalifa who said,
‘I was seated in the presence of Abu Abdullah-asws, and a man from people of Qum asked him-asws, ‘Can the women pray funeral Salat upon the deceased?’
فَقَالَ: إِنَّ الْمُغِيرَةَ بْنَ أَبِي الْعَاصِ ادَّعَى أَنَّهُ رَمَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فَكُسِرَتْ رَبَاعِيَتُهُ وَ شَقَّ شَفَتَيْهِ وَ كَذَبَ، وَ ادَّعَى أَنَّهُ قَتَلَ حَمْزَةَ وَ كَذَبَ
He-asws said: ‘Al-Mugheira Bin Abu Al-Aas claimed that he hit Rasool-Allah-saww and broke his-saww front teeth, and split his-saww lips, and he lied, and he (also) claimed that he had killed Hamzaar, and he lied.
فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْخَنْدَقِ ضُرِبَ عَلَى أُذُنَيْهِ فَنَامَ فَلَمْ يَسْتَيْقِظْ حَتَّى أَصْبَحَ فَخَشِيَ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ، فَتَنَكَّرَ وَ تَقَنَّعَ بِثَوْبِهِ وَ جَاءَ إِلَى مَنْزِلِ عُثْمَانَ يَطْلُبُهُ، وَ تَسَمَّى بِاسْمِ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ كَانَ يَجْلِبُ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ الْخَيْلَ وَ الْغَنَمَ وَ السَّمْنَ
When it was the day of (battle of) Al-Hunayn, he was struck (by deafness) upon his ears, so he slept and did not wake up until morning. He feared to be seized, so he disguised and covered with his cloth and came to the house of Usman, seeking him, and named (himself) with a name of a man from the clan of Suleym who used to bring horses to Usman, and the sheep and the butter.
فَجَاءَ عُثْمَانُ فَأَدْخَلَهُ، مَنْزِلَهُ وَ قَالَ: وَيْحَكَ! مَا صَنَعْتَ؟ ادَّعَيْتَ أَنَّكَ رَمَيْتَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ (ص)، وَ ادَّعَيْتَ أَنَّكَ شَقَقْتَ شَفَتَيْهِ وَ كَسَرْتَ رَبَاعِيَتَهُ، وَ ادَّعَيْتَ أَنَّكَ قَتَلْتَ حَمْزَةَ
Usman came and let him enter his house and said, ‘Woe be unto you! What have you done? You claimed that you hit Rasool-Allah-saww, and claimed that you split his-asws lips, and broke his-saww front teeth, and claimed that you killed Hamzaar!’
فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِمَا لَقِيَ وَ أَنَّهُ ضُرِبَ عَلَى أُذُنِهِ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعَتْ ابْنَةُ النَّبِيِّ (ص) بِمَا صُنِعَ بِأَبِيهَا وَ عَمِّهَا صَاحَتْ، فَأَسْكَتَهَا عُثْمَانُ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ عُثْمَانُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ- وَ هُوَ جَالِسٌ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ- فَاسْتَقْبَلَهُ بِوَجْهِهِ وَ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! إِنَّكَ آمَنْتَ عَمِّيَ الْمُغِيرَةَ فَكَذَبَ
He informed him with what he had faced and he had been struck upon his ears. When the daughter-as of the Prophet-saww heard with what he had done with her-as father-saww, and her-as unclear, she-as shrieked. Usman quietened her. Then Usman went out to Rasool-Allah-saww, and he-saww was seated in the Masjid. He faced him-saww with his face and said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! You should grant amnesty to my uncle Al-Mugheira, for he has lied’.
فَصَرَفَ عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ وَجْهَهُ، ثُمَّ اسْتَقْبَلَهُ مِنَ الْجَانِبِ الْآخَرِ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! إِنَّكَ آمَنْتَ عَمِّيَ الْمُغِيرَةَ، فَكَذَبَ، فَصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ وَجْهَهُ عَنْهُ
Rasool-Allah-saww turned his-saww face away from him. Then he faced him-saww from another side. He said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! You should give amnesty to my uncle Al-Mugheira, and he lied’. Rasool-Allah-saww turned his-saww face away from him.
ثُمَّ قَالَ: آمَنَّاهُ وَ أَجَّلْنَاهُ ثَلَاثاً، فَلَعَنَ اللَّهُ مَنْ أَعْطَاهُ رَاحِلَةً أَوْ رَحْلًا أَوْ قَتَباً أَوْ سِقَاءً أَوْ قِرْبَةً أَوْ دَلْواً أَوْ خُفّاً أَوْ نَعْلًا أَوْ زَاداً أَوْ مَاءً
Then he-saww said: ‘I-saww grant him amnesty and respite him’ – thrice. May Allah-azwj Curse the one who gives him a riding animal, or a ride, or quenches him, or a canteen, or a bucket, or shoes, or slippers, or provisions, or water’’.
قَالَ عَاصِمٌ: هَذِهِ عَشَرَةُ أَشْيَاءَ فَأَعْطَاهَا كُلَّهَا عُثْمَانُ فَخَرَجَ فَسَارَ عَلَى نَاقَتِهِ فَنَقِبَتْ، ثُمَّ مَشَى فِي خُفَّيْهِ فَنَقِبَا، ثُمَّ مَشَى فِي نَعْلَيْهِ فَنَقِبَتَا، ثُمَّ حَبَا عَلَى رِجْلَيْهِ فَنَقِبَتَا، ثُمَّ مَشَى عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ فَنَقِبَتَا، فَأَتَى شَجَرَةً فَجَلَسَ تَحْتَهَا
Aasim said, ‘These ten things, Usman gave all of these, and he went out and travelled upon his camel, but it was fatigued. Then he walked in his shoes, and they wore out. Then he walked in his slippers, and these were torn. Then he went on his feet, and they were bruised, then he walked upon his knees and they were injured. He came to a tree and sat beneath it.
فَجَاءَ الْمَلَكُ فَأَخْبَرَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ بِمَكَانِهِ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ زَيْداً وَ الزُّبَيْرَ فَقَالَ لَهُمَا: ايتِيَاهُ فَهُوَ بِمَكَانِ .. كَذَا وَ كَذَا فَاقْتُلَاهُ، فَلَمَّا أَتَيَاهُ قَالَ زَيْدٌ لِلزُّبَيْرِ: إِنَّهُ ادَّعَى أَنَّهُ قَتَلَ أَخِي- وَ قَدْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ آخَى بَيْنَ حَمْزَةَ وَ زيدا [زَيْدٍ]- فَاتْرُكْنِي أَقْتُلْهُ، فَتَرَكَهُ الزُّبَيْرُ فَقَتَلَهُ
An Angel came and informed Rasool-Allah-saww of his place. Rasool-Allah-saww sent Zayd and Al-Zubeyr to him. He-saww said to them: ‘Go to him, he is in such and such place, and kill him’. When they came to him, Zayd said to Al-Zubeyr, ‘He claims that he killed my brother’ – and Rasool-Allah-saww had established brother-hood between Hamzaar and Zayd – ‘So leave me to kill him. Al-Zubeyr left him, he killed him.
فَرَجَعَ عُثْمَانُ مِنْ عِنْدِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فَقَالَ لِمَرْأَتِهِ، إِنَّكِ أَرْسَلْتِي إِلَى أَبِيكِ فَأَعْلَمْتِيهِ بِمَكَانِ عَمِّي، فَحَلَفَتْ لَهُ بِاللَّهِ مَا فَعَلَتْ، فَلَمْ يُصَدِّقْهَا، فَأَخَذَ خَشَبَةَ الْقَتَبِ فَضَرَبَهَا ضَرْباً مُبَرِّحاً، فَأَرْسَلَتْ إِلَى أَبِيهَا تَشْكُوا ذَلِكَ وَ تُخْبِرُهُ بِمَا صَنَعَ
Usman returned from the presence of the Prophet-saww and said to his wife, ‘You-as sent me to your-as father-saww and taught him-saww the place of my uncle’. She-as oathed to him, ‘By Allah-azwj! I did not do it’. But he did not ratify her-as. He grabbed a stick and hit her-as a sharp hit. She-as sent a message to her-as father-saww complaining of that and informed him-saww of what had happened.
فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهَا: إِنِّي لَأَسْتَحِي لِلْمَرْأَةِ أَنْ لَا تَزَالَ تَجُرُّ ذُيُولَهَا تَشْكُو زَوْجَهَا، فَأَرْسَلَتْ إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ: قَدْ قَتَلَنِي، فَقَالَ لِعَلِيٍ: خُذِ السَّيْفَ ثُمَّ ائْتِ بِنْتَ عَمِّكَ فَخُذْ بِيَدِهَا، فَمَنْ حَالَ بَيْنَكَ وَ بَيْنَهَا فَاضْرِبْهُ بِالسَّيْفِ
He-saww sent a message to her-as: ‘I-saww am embarrassed for the woman if she does not drag her tail complaining of her husband’. She-as sent a message to him-saww, ‘He has killed me’. He-saww said to Ali-asws: ‘Take the sword, then go to the daughter-as of your-asws uncle-saww and hold her-as hand. Whoever comes between you-asws and her-as, strike him with the sword.
فَدَخَلَ عَلِيٌّ، فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِهَا فَجَاءَ بِهَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فَأَرَتْهُ ظَهْرَهَا، فَقَالَ أَبُوهَا: قَتَلَهَا قَتَلَهُ اللَّهُ، فَمَكَثَتْ يَوْماً وَ مَاتَتْ فِي الثَّانِي، وَ اجْتَمَعَ النَّاسُ لِلصَّلَاةِ عَلَيْهَا
Ali-asws entered, and grabbed her-as hand and came with her to the Prophet-saww. She-as uncovered her-as back. Her-as father-saww said: ‘He has killed her, may Allah-azwj Kill him!’ She remained for a day and died during the second day, and the people gather for the Salat upon her-as.
فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ مِنْ بَيْتِهِ- وَ عُثْمَانُ جَالِسٌ مَعَ الْقَوْمِ-، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: مَنْ أَلَّمَ جَارِيَتَهُ اللَّيْلَةَ فَلَا تَشْهَدْ جَنَازَتَهَا؟ قَالَهَا مَرَّتَيْنِ، وَ هُوَ سَاكِتٌ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ لَيَقُومَنَّ أَوْ لَأُسَمِّيَنَّهُ بِاسْمِهِ وَ اسْمِ أَبِيهِ، فَقَامَ يَتَوَكَّأُ عَلَى مَوْلًى لَهُ
Rasool-Allah-saww came up from his-saww house, and Usman was seated with the people. Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Who inflicted pain on his maid at night? He should not attend her funeral’ – saying it twice, and he (Usman) was silent. Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Let him arise or else I-saww shall name him with his name, and name of his father’. He stood up, leaning upon a slave of his.
قَالَ: فَخَرَجَتْ فَاطِمَةُ عَلَيْهَا السَّلَامُ فِي نِسَائِهَا فَصَلَّتْ عَلَى أُخْتِهَا
He (the narrator) said, ‘ (Syeda) Fatima-asws came out among her-asws womenfolk and prayed Salat upon her-asws (step) sister-as’’.[39]
[1] تفسير القمي، ج2، ص: 422
[2] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 9, The book of Argumentation, Ch 1 H 157
[3] (ثواب الأعمال: 123)
[4] Tafseer Al Burhan – H 11618
[5] و هي ريح تعرض لهم. «مجمع البحرين 1: 260» – And it is a wind which comes to them.
[6] Tafseer Al Burhan – H 11619
[7] خواص القرآن: 14 «مخطوط».
[8] Al Kafi – V 7 – The Book of Oaths, and the Vows, and the Expiations Ch 14 H 5
[9] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 24, The book of Imamate, P 1 Ch 65 H 10
[10] (تأويل الآيات 2: 2: 798/ 2.)
[11] (تأويل الآيات 2: 798/ 3.)
[12] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Divine Authority CH 108 H 11
[13] (تفسير القمّي 2: 423)
[14] (تفسير القمّي 2: 423)
[15] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Tawheed (Oneness of Allahazwj) CH 32 H 4
[16] Tafseer Noor Al Saqalayn – CH 90 H 13
[17] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 24, The book of Imamate, P 1 Ch 65 H 1
[18] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 24, The book of Imamate, P 1 Ch 65 H 5
[19] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 24, The book of Imamate, P 1 Ch 65 H 2
[20] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 24, The book of Imamate, P 1 Ch 65 H 3
[21] (تأويل الآيات 2: 799/ 5.)
[22] الكافي 1: 357/ 88
[23] (المناقب 2: 155.)
[24] (الكافي 1: 349/ 49.)
[25] (تأويل الآيات 2: 799/ 6)
[26] (تفسير القمّي 2: 423.)
[27] Al Mahaasin – V 2 Bk 3 H 17
[28] Al Kafi – V 4 – The Book of Zakat Ch 48 H 10
[29] Al Kafi – V 4 – The Book of Zakat Ch 79 H 12
[30] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 2, The book of intellect, and the knowledge, and the ignorance, S 2 Ch 8 H 1
[31] (تفسير القمّي 2: 423.)
[32] تفسير القمّي 1: 199. (Extract)
[33] تفسير القمّي 1: 309.
[34] الكافي 1: 161/ 3 (Extract)
[35] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 24, The book of Imamate, P 1 Ch 65 H 7
[36] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 24, The book of Imamate, P 1 Ch 65 H 8
[37] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Divine Authority CH 55 H 1
[38] Taweel Al Ayaat Al Zaahira – H 9
[39] Bihar Al Anwaar – V 30, The book of Fitna (Strife) And Ordeals, Ch 20 H 66