CHAPTER 42
AL-SHURA
(Consultation)
(53 VERSES)
VERSES 1 – 53
بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ
Brief Introduction of Al-Shura (42):
Sura Al-Shura (53 verses) was revealed in Makkah.[1]
In a Hadeeth; from above them [42:5], – i.e., from the direction of high above, or from above the earths – for ones in the earth [42:5] – He-asws said, ‘For the Momineen from the Shia penitents in particular, and the wording of the Verse is general, and the meaning is specific’. And from Imam Al-Sadiq-asws: and are seeking Forgiveness for ones in the earth. [42:5]: ‘From the Momineen’, is close? [42:17] – I.e., it’s coming is being hastened with, i.e., in mocking; are fearful from it – i.e., they are fearing from it with taking care with it in anticipating the Rewards – and know that it is the Truth. [42:18] – it will be happening, inevitably.[2]
Tafseer Al-Qummi – Allah is the One Who Revealed the Book with the Truth and the Scale. [42:17]. He-asws (6th Imam) said: ‘The Scale is Amir Al-Momineen-asws, and the evidence upon that are His-azwj Words in Surah Al Rahman: And the sky, He elevated it, and He Placed the Scale [55:7] – Meaning the Imam-asws’’.[3]
‘From Ja’far Bin Muhammad-asws regarding Words of the Exalted: He Enters one He so Desires through His Mercy, he-asws said: ‘The Mercy is Wilayah of Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, and (for) the unjust ones, there would neither be a guardian for them nor a helper [42:8]’’.[4]
Abu Jafar-asws (5th Imam) said, regarding His-azwj Statement, “They will burst from above them,” meaning they will crack (42:5). And his statement, “So that you may warn the Mother of Cities, Mecca, and those around it, the rest of the earth.”[5]
Abu Ja’far-asws was asked about the Words of Allah-azwj: Say: ‘I do not ask you for recompense over it, except for the cordiality to be for my relatives [42:23], he-asws said: ‘They-asws (relatives) are the Imams-asws who do not consume the charity (الصدقة) and it is not Permissible for them-asws’.[6]
‘It is reported that Ali-asws wrote to Muawiya: ‘From a servant of Allah-azwj, Amir Al-Momineen Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, to Muawiya. I-asws am calling you, O Muawiya, to Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww, and His-azwj Book, and the Master of His-azwj Command, the wise one from the progeny of Ibrahim-as, and to that which you have acknowledged with to Allah-azwj, claiming the loyalty with His-azwj Pact, and His Covenant which He Bound you with firmly, when you said: ‘We have heard and we obey’, [5:7] And do not become like those who disunited and differed [3:105] after the Knowledge had come to them in rivalry between them. [42:14] And do not become like the one who breaks her yarn from after spinning it tightly, taking your oaths as a means of income between you that you could become a community which is more prosperous than (another) community. [16:92].
We-asws are the prosperous community, so do not become like those who are saying, ‘We hear’, but they are not listening [8:21]. Follow us-asws and be guided by us-asws, for that is for us-asws, progeny of Ibrahim-as, over the worlds, Obligated. If the hearts of the Momineen and the Muslims incline towards us, and that is a supplication of the Muslim person (Ibrahim-as) (an extract).[7]
When Rasool-Allah-saww recited to them: Say: ‘I do not ask you for recompense over it, except for the cordiality to be for my relatives [42:23], and said: ‘Be cordial to my-saww near relatives from after me-saww’. They went out from him-saww having submitted to his-saww words. But the hypocrites said, ‘This is something which has been forged in his-saww gathering intending by that to he-saww would humiliate us (in favour of) his-saww near relatives from after him-saww’. Thus, it was Revealed: Or are they saying, He has fabricated a lie upon Allah? [42:24].
Rasool-Allah-saww sent for them, and recited it to them. They cried intensely to Rasool-Allah-saww, and so Allah-azwj Revealed: And He is the One Who Accepts the repentance from His servants [42:25] – the Verse.
Rasool-Allah-saww sent a message after them and gave them the good news and said: And He Answers those who believe [42:26] – and they were the ones who submitted to Rasool-Allah-saww’s words’.
Then the Exalted Said: And one who earns good, We will Increase the good for him therein [42:23], i.e., one who does the obedience, We-azwj shall Increase the good for him during that obedience, by Obligating the Rewards for him’ (an extract).[8]
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws, (5th Imam) said: ‘And the one who triumphs after having been oppressed, – meaning Al-Qaim-ajfj – so those ones, there is no way (to blame) upon them [42:41]. And Al-Qaim-ajfj when he-ajfj does rise, he-ajfj shall triumph over the clan of Umayya, and the liars, and the Nasibis (hostile ones), he-ajfj and his-ajfj companions, and it is the Word of Allah-azwj: But rather, the way (to blame) is upon those who are oppressing the people and are rebelling in the land without the right. Those ones, for them is a painful Punishment [42:42]’’.[9]
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws (5th Imam) regarding Words of Allah-azwj the Exalted to His-azwj Prophet-saww: ‘You (the people) did not know what the Book was, nor the Eman, but We Made it a ‘Noor’ (Light) [42:52] – meaning Ali-asws, and Ali-asws, he-asws is the Noor. Allah-azwj Said: We Guide with one We so Desire from Our servants; [42:52] – meaning Ali-asws, Guiding through him-asws the one from His-azwj creatures He-azwj Guides. And Allah-azwj Said to His-azwj Prophet-saww: and surely you (Rasool) guide to the Straight Path [42:52] – meaning you-saww should instruct with the Wilayah of Ali-asws and call to it.
And Ali-asws, he-asws is the Straight Path, A Path of Allah – meaning Ali-asws – Who, for Him is whatever is in the skies and whatever is in the earth. – meaning Ali-asws. He-azwj Made him-asws His-azwj treasurer upon whatever is in the skies and whatever is in the earth, of anything, and Entrusted it to him-asws – Indeed! To Allah do the matters eventually come [42:53]’’.[10]
MERITS
ابن بابويه: بإسناده عن سيف بن عميرة، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: «من قرأ (حم عسق) بعثه الله يوم القيامة و وجهه كالثلج، أو كالشمس، حتى يقف بين يدي الله عز و جل، فيقول: عبدي أدمت قراءة (حم عسق) و لم تدر ما ثوابها؟ أما لو دريت ما هي و ما ثوابها؟ لما مللت قراءتها، و لكن سأجزيك جزاءك،
Ibn Babuwayh, by his chain, from Sayf Bin Umeyra from,
Abu Abdullah-asws has said: ‘The one who recites: Ha Meem [42:1] Ayn Seen Qaf [42:2] (Surah Al-Shura) Allah-azwj would Resurrect him on the Day of Judgement and his face would be as white as snow, or like the sun, until he pauses in front of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, so He-azwj would Say: “My-azwj servant! You were habitual in reciting: Ha Meem [42:1] Ayn Seen Qaf [42:2] (Surah Al-Shura), and do you know what its Rewards are? But if only you knew what it is and what its Rewards are, you would not have tired of reciting it. But I-azwj will Recompense you with your Recompense!”
أدخلوه الجنة و له فيها قصر من ياقوتة حمراء، أبوابها و شرفها و درجها منها، و يرى ظاهرها من باطنها، و باطنها من ظاهرها، و له حوراء من الحور العين، و ألف جارية و ألف غلام من الولدان المخلدين، الذين وصفهم الله عز و جل
He-azwj Enter him into the Paradise, and for him therein would be a castle of red sapphire, and its doors, and its prestige, and its Levels from it. And he would see its outside from its inside, and its inside from its outside. For him would be Houries from the Maiden Houries, and a thousand maids, and a thousand butlers from the eternal youths, whom Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Described’.[11]
ومن (خواص القرآن) : روي عن رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، أنه قال: «من قرأ هذه السورة صلت عليه الملائكة، و ترحموا عليه بعد موته
And from Khawas Al Quran –
It has been reported from the Prophet-saww having said: ‘The one who recites this Chapter (Surah Al-Shura), the Angels would greet him, and would be merciful towards him after his death.
و من كتبها بماء المطر، و سحق بذلك الماء كحلا، و اكتحل به من بعينه بياض قلعه، و زال عنه كل ما كان عارضا في عينه من الآلام بإذن الله تعالى
And one who writes it with the rain water, and crush the kohl with the water, and applies it in his eyes, its whiteness would reduce, and every pain would go away from his eyes, by the Permission of Allah-azwj’.[12]
وقال الصادق (عليه السلام): «من كتبها و علقها عليه أمن من الناس، و من شربها فى سفر أمن
And Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘One who writes it, and attaches it upon himself would be safe from the people, and the one who drinks (its water) during a journey, would be safe’.[13]
فِي مَجْمَعِ الْبَيَانِ أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ مَنْ قَرَأَ سُورَةَ حم عسق كَانَ مِمَّنْ تُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَ يَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لَهُ وَ يَسْتَرْحِمُونَ
In (the book) Majma Al Bayan – Ubayy Bin Ka’ab,
‘From the Prophet-saww: ‘One who recites Surah Ha Meem [42:1] Ayn Seen Qaf [42:2] (Surah Al-Shura), would be from the ones upon whom the Angels would send Salawat upon, and seek Forgiveness for him, and seek Mercy for him’’.[14]
VERSES 1 – 3
حم {1} عسق {2}
Ha Meem [42:1] Ayn Seen Qaf [42:2]
كَذَٰلِكَ يُوحِي إِلَيْكَ وَإِلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ اللَّهُ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ {3}
Like that Allah Revealed to you and to those from before you. Allah is the Mighty, the Wise [42:3]
علي بن إبراهيم: حدثنا أحمد بن علي، و أحمد بن إدريس، قالا: حدثنا محمد بن أحمد العلوي، عن العمركي، عن محمد بن جمهور، قال: حدثنا سليمان بن سماعة، عن عبد الله بن القاسم، عن يحيى بن ميسرة الخثعمي، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: سمعته يقول: «حم عسق عدد سني القائم، و ق: جبل محيط بالدنيا من زمرد أخضر، و خضرة السماء من ذلك الجبل، و علم كل شيء في عسق
Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘Ahmad Bin Ali and Ahmad Bin Idrees narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Al Alawy, from Al Amarky, from Muhammad Bin Jamhour, from Suleyman Bin Sama’at, from Abdullah Bin Al Qasim, from Yahya Bin Maysara Al Khash’amy,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws, (the narrator says) ‘I heard him-asws saying: ‘Ha Meem [42:1] Ayn Seen Qaf [42:2] – is the number of the year of Al-Qaim-asws. And Qaf is a mountain (force) of green emeralds encompassing the world, and the greenery of the sky is from that mountain (force), and the knowledge of everything is in: Ayn Seen Qaf [42:2]’.[15]
تأويل آخر: بحذف الإسناد، يرفعه إلى محمد بن جمهور، عن السكوني، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: «حم حتم، و (عين) عذاب، و (سين) سنون كسني يوسف (عليه السلام)، و (قاف) قذف [و خسف] و مسخ يكون في آخر الزمان بالسفياني و أصحابه، و ناس من كلب ثلاثون ألف يخرجون معه، و ذلك حين يخرج القائم (عليه السلام) بمكة، و هو مهدي هذه الامة
Another explanation – by a deleted chain, going up to Muhammad Bin Jamhour, from Al Sakuny, from
Abu Ja’far-asws has said: ‘Ha Meem [42:1] is Ordained, and: Ayn [42:2] is Punishment, and: Seen are years like the years of Yusuf-as, and: Qaf is the repelling and the swallowing (by the earth) and the metamorphosis which would happen during the end of the times with Al-Sufyani and his companions, and the thirty thousand dogs of the people who would come out with him, and that is when Al-Qaim-asws would emerge at Makkah, and he-asws is the Mahdi-asws of this community’.[16]
VERSES 4 & 5
لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۖ وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْعَظِيمُ {4}
For Him is whatever is in the skies and whatever is in the earth, and He is the Exalted, the Magnificent [42:4]
تَكَادُ السَّمَاوَاتُ يَتَفَطَّرْنَ مِنْ فَوْقِهِنَّ ۚ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِمْ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لِمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ ۗ أَلَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ {5}
The skies almost break apart from above them, and the Angels are Glorifying with Praise of their Lord and are seeking Forgiveness for ones in the earth. Indeed! Surely Allah, He is the Forgiving, the Merciful [42:5]
وفي رواية أبي الجارود، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، في قوله تعالى: يَتَفَطَّرْنَ مِنْ فَوْقِهِنَّ: «أي يتصدعن
And in a report of Abu Al Jaroud,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: The skies almost break apart from above them [42:5], he-asws said: ‘i.e., Crack up’.[17]
فِي مَجْمَعِ الْبَيَانِ وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ: وَ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَ مَنْ حَوْلَ الْعَرْشِ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِمْ لَا يَفْتُرُونَ وَ يَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لِمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
In (the book) Majma Al Bayan –
‘And it is reported from Abu Abdullah-asws: ‘and the Angels are Glorifying with Praise of their Lord – not calming down, and are seeking Forgiveness for ones in the earth [42:5] – from the Momineen’’.[18]
VERSES 6 & 7
وَالَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا مِنْ دُونِهِ أَوْلِيَاءَ اللَّهُ حَفِيظٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَمَا أَنْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِوَكِيلٍ {6}
And those who are taking guardians from besides Him, Allah is a Watcher over them, and you are not a custodian over them [42:6]
وَكَذَٰلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ قُرْآنًا عَرَبِيًّا لِتُنْذِرَ أُمَّ الْقُرَىٰ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهَا وَتُنْذِرَ يَوْمَ الْجَمْعِ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ ۚ فَرِيقٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَفَرِيقٌ فِي السَّعِيرِ {7}
And like that We Reveal to you an Arabic Quran for you to warn the mother town (Makkah) and ones around it, (for) you to warn of the Day of gathering, there being no doubt in it. A party would be in the Paradise, and a party would be in the inferno (Fire) [42:7]
The meaning of ‘Ummy’
حدثنا احمد بن محمد عن ابى عبد الله البرقى عن جعفر بن محمد الصوفى قال سألت ابا جعفر عليه السلام محمد بن على الرضا عليه السلام وقلت له يابن رسول الله لم سمى النبي الامي قال ما يقول الناس قال قلت له جعلت فداك يزعمون انما سمى النبي الامي لانه لم يكتب
It has been narrated to us Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Abu Abdullah Al-Barqy, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Al-Sowfy who said:
‘I said to Abu Ja’far-asws, ‘O son of Rasool-Allah-saww, why was the Prophet-saww called ‘Al-Ummy’?’ He-asws said: ‘What do the people say’. I said to him-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws, they are alleging that the Prophet-saww was called ‘Al-Ummy’ because he-saww could not write’.
فقال كذبوا عليهم لعنة الله انى يكون ذلك والله تبارك وتعالى يقول في محكم كتابه هو الذى بعث في الاميين رسولا منهم يتلوا عليهم آياته ويزكيهم ويعلمهم الكتاب والحكمة
He-asws said: ‘They are lying about him-saww, may Allah-azwj Curse them! I-asws say that, and Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted has Said in His-azwj Decisive Book: He is the One Who Sent among the inhabitants of Makkah, a Rasool from them, reciting His Verses upon them and purifying them, and teaching them the Book and the Wisdom [62:2].
فكيف كان يعلمهم مالا يحسن والله لقد كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله يقرأ ويكتب باثنين وسبعين أو بثلثة وسبعين لسانا وانما سمى الامي لانه كان من اهل مكة و مكة من امهات القرى وذلك قول الله تعالى في كتابه لتنذر ام القرى ومن حولها
How was he-saww able to teach them if he-saww was not good in it. By Allah-azwj! Rasool-Allah-saww was able to read and write in seventy two to seventy three languages, and he-saww has been called ‘Al-Ummy’ because he-saww was an inhabitant of Mecca, and Makkah is the mother (Umm) of all towns, and these are the Words of Allah-azwj the Exalted in His-azwj Book: And like that We Reveal to you an Arabic Quran for you to warn the mother town and ones around it [42:7]’.[19]
حدثنا عبد الله بن محمد عن الحسن بن موسى الخشاب عن على بن اسباط أو غيره قال قلت لابي جعفر عليه السلام ان الناس يزعمون ان رسول الله لم يكن يكتب ولا يقرأ
It has been narrated to us Abdullah Bin Muhammad, from Al-Hassan Bin Musa Al-Khashaab, from Ali Bin Asbaat or someone else, said:
‘I said to Abu Ja’far-asws, ‘The people are alleging that Rasool-Allah-saww was neither able to write, nor able to read’.
فقال كذبوا لعنهم الله انى ذلك وقد قال الله هو الذى بعث في الاميين رسولا منهم يتلوا عليهم آياته ويزكيهم ويعلمهم الكتاب والحكمة وان كانوا من قبل لفى ضلال مبين فيكون ان يعلمهم الكتاب الحكمة وليس ويحسن ان يقرأ ويكتب
He-asws said: ‘They are lying, may Allah-azwj Curse them for that, and Allah-azwj has Said: He is the One Who Sent among the inhabitants of Makkah, a Rasool from them, reciting His Verses upon them and purifying them, and teaching them the Book and the Wisdom [62:2], and he-saww taught them the Book and the Wisdom while he-saww was not literate? But he-asws was excellent in reading and writing’.
قال قلت فلم سمى النبي صلى الله عليه وآله اميا قال نسبت إلى مكة وذلك قول الله عزوجل لتنذر ام القرى ومن حولها فام القرى المكة فقيل امى لذلك
I said, ‘Why was the Prophet-saww called Ummy?’ He-asws said: ‘In association to Mecca, and these are the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: And like that We Reveal to you an Arabic Quran for you to warn the mother town and ones around it [42:7]’. The mother city is Mecca. He-saww was called Ummy for that’. [20]
Makkah the Mother City
علي بن إبراهيم، قال: أم القرى مكة، سميت أم القرى لأنها أول بقعة خلقها الله من الأرض، لقوله تعالى: إِنَّ أَوَّلَ بَيْتٍ وُضِعَ لِلنَّاسِ لَلَّذِي بِبَكَّةَ مُبارَكاً
Ali Bin Ibrahim, said,
‘The Mother City is Makkah. It has been Named as the Mother City because it was the first spot which Allah-azwj Created from the earth, in the Words of the Exalted Surely, the first House Placed for the people is the one at Bakka, Blessed, and a Guidance for the worlds [3:96]’.[21]
The reason due to which Makkah was named as Bakka
أبي رحمه الله قال: حدثنا سعد بن عبد الله، عن محمد بن الحسن، عن جعفر بن بشير عن العزرمي، عن أبي عبد الله عليه السلام قال: إنما سميت مكة بكة لان الناس يتباكون فيها
My father said, ‘Sa’ad Bin Abdullah narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan, from Ja’far Bin Basheer, from Al Azramy,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘but rather, Makkah was named as Bakka because the people used to be weeping (Buka’a) therein’.[22]
أبي رحمه الله قال: حدثنا ادريس قال: حدثنا أحمد بن محمد بن عيسى، عن الحسين بن سعيد عن علي بن النعمان، عن سعيد بن عبد الله الاعرج عن أبي عبد الله قال: موضع البيت بكة، والقرية مكة
My father said, ‘Idrees narrated to us, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Ali Bin Al Noman, from Saeed Bin Abdullah Al Araj,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Place of the House (Kabah) is Bakka, and the town is Makkah’.[23]
A party in the Paradise and a party in the Inferno
فِي تَفْسِيرِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَدَّثَنِي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ السُّكَيْنِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْبَجَلِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ هَارُونَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ صَلَواتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ حَدِيثٌ طَوِيلٌ يَذْكُرُ فِيهِ مُضِيَّ الْإِمَامِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ إِلَى مَلِكِ الرُّومِ وَ جَوَابَاتِ الْإِمَامِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ لِلْمَلِكِ عَمَّا سَأَلَ عَنْهُ وَ فِي أَوَاخِرِ الْحَدِيثِ: ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُ عَنْ أَرْوَاحِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَيْنَ تَكُونُ إِذَا مَاتُوا؟
In Tafseer of Ali Bin Ibrahim – ‘It was narrated to me by Al husayn Bin Abdullah Al Sukayni, from Abu Saeed Al Bajaly, from Abdul Malik Bin Haroun,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws, there is a lengthy Hadeeth in which it mentioned the going of Imam Al-Hassan-asws to the king of Rome, and the answers of the Imam-asws to the king about what he asked from him-asws, and at the end of the Hadeeth – then he asked him-asws about the souls of the Momineen, ‘Where do they happen to be when they die?’
قَالَ: تَجْتَمِعُ عِنْدَ صَخْرَةِ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةِ جُمُعَةٍ وَ هُوَ عَرْشُ اللَّهِ الْأَدْنَى، مِنْهَا يَبْسُطُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الْأَرْضَ، وَ إِلَيْهَا يَطْوِيهَا، وَ مِنْهَا الْمَحْشَرُ وَ مِنْهَا اسْتَوَى رَبُّنَا إِلَى السَّمَاءِ أَيِ اسْتَوْلَى عَلَى السَّمَاءِ وَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ
He-asws said: ‘They gather by the rock of Bayt Al Maqdas during every night of Friday, and it is the lowest Throne of Allah-azwj. From it Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Extended the earth, and to it He-azwj would be Folding it, and from it would be the Gathering (of the Day of Judgment), and from it our Lord-azwj Established to the sky, i.e., Ruled upon the sky and the Angels’.
ثُمَّ سَأَلَ عَنْ أَرْوَاحِ الْكُفَّارِ أَيْنَ تَجْتَمِعُ فَقَالَ: تَجْتَمِعُ فِي وَادِي حَضْرَمَوْتَ وَرَاءَ مَدِينَةِ الْيَمَنِ ثُمَّ يَبْعَثُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ نَاراً مِنَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَ نَاراً مِنَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ يُتْبِعُهُا بِرِيحَيْنِ شَدِيدَيْنِ
Then he asked about the souls of the Kafirs, ‘Where do they gather?’ So he-asws said: ‘They gather in the valley of Hazramaut, behind the city of Al-Yemen. Then Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Sends a fire from the east, and a fire from the west, and these are followed up by two intense winds.
فَيُحْشَرُ النَّاسُ عِنْدَ صَخْرَةِ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ، فَيُحْشَرُ أَهْلُ الْجَنَّةِ عَنْ يَمِينِ الصَّخْرَةِ وَ يُزْلَفُ الْمُعْتَبِرُ، وَ تَصِيرُ جَهَنَّمُ عَنْ يَسَارِ الصَّخْرَةِ فِي تُخُومِ الْأَرَضِينَ السَّابِعَةِ وَ فِيهَا الْفَلَقُ وَ السِّجِّينُ
Thus, the people are gathered by the rock of Bayt Al-Maqdas, and the inhabitants of the Paradise are gathered by the right of the rock, near to ‘Al Mo’tabir’, and Hell would come to be on the left of the rock in the surroundings of the seventh firmament, and therein is Al-Falaq (a valley of Hell), and al-Sijjeen (a valley of Hell).
فَتَتَفَرَّقُ الْخَلَائِقُ مِنْ عِنْدِ الصَّخْرَةِ، فَمَنْ وَجَبَتْ لَهُ الْجَنَّةُ دَخَلَهَا، وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: فَرِيقٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَ فَرِيقٌ فِي السَّعِيرِ
So the creatures would be divided at the rock, and the one for whom the Paradise is Obligated, would enter it, and these are His-azwj Words: A party would be in the Paradise, and a party would be in the inferno [42:7]’’.[24]
تفسير القمي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ السُّكَيْنِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْبَجَلِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ هَارُونَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ قَالَ: لَمَّا بَلَغَ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَمْرُ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَ أَنَّهُ فِي مِائَةِ أَلْفٍ قَالَ مِنْ أَيِّ الْقَوْمِ قَالُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ
Tafseer Al Qummi – Al Husayn Bin Ubeydullah Al Sukeyni, from Abu Saeed al Bajalay, from Abdul Malik Bin Haroun,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘When the matter of Muawiya reached Amir Al-Momineen-asws and that he was among one hundred thousand (soldiers), he-asws said: ‘From which people?’ They said, ‘From the people of Syria’.
قَالَ ع لَا تَقُولُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ وَ لَكِنْ قُولُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الشُّومِ وَ هُمْ مِنْ أَبْنَاءِ مِصْرٍ لُعِنُوا عَلى لِسانِ داوُدَ فَ جَعَلَ مِنْهُمُ الْقِرَدَةَ وَ الْخَنازِيرَ
He-asws said: ‘Do not say, ‘From the people of Syria’, but say, ‘From the people of evil omen’, and they are from the sons of Egypt, cursed upon the tongue of Dawood-as, and Made from them, the monkey, and the pig, [5:60]’.
ثُمَّ كَتَبَ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ لَا تَقْتُلِ النَّاسَ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَكَ وَ لَكِنْ هَلُمَّ إِلَى الْمُبَارَزَةِ فَإِنْ أَنَا قَتَلْتُكَ فَإِلَى النَّارِ أَنْتَ وَ يَسْتَرِيحُ النَّاسُ مِنْكَ وَ مِنْ ضَلَالَتِكَ وَ إِنْ قَتَلْتَنِي فَأَنَا إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَ يُغْمَدُ عَنْكَ السَّيْفُ الَّذِي لَا يَسَعُنِي غِمْدُهُ حَتَّى أَرُدَّ مَكْرَكَ وَ بِدْعَتَكَ
Then he-asws wrote to Muawiya: ‘Do not kill the people between me-asws and you, but come to the duel! So, if I-asws were to killed you, you would be going to the Fire and the people would rest from you and your straying, and if you were to kill me-asws, then I-asws would be going to the Paradise, and sheathe the sword of yours which there is no leeway for me-asws sheathe it until I-asws reject your plots and your innovations.
وَ أَنَا الَّذِي ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ اسْمَهُ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَ الْإِنْجِيلِ بِمُوَازَرَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ أَنَا أَوَّلُ مَنْ بَايَعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى لَقَدْ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ يُبايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ
And I-asws am the one whose name Allah-azwj has Mentioned in the Torah, and the Evangel with being a Vizier of Rasool-Allah-saww, and I-asws am the first one to pledge to Rasool-Allah-saww beneath the tree, in the Words of Allah-azwj the Exalted: Allah was Pleased from the Momineen when they pledged their allegiances to you under the tree, [48:18]’.
فَلَمَّا قَرَأَ مُعَاوِيَةُ كِتَابَهُ وَ عِنْدَهُ جُلَسَاؤُهُ قَالُوا قَدْ وَ اللَّهِ لَقَدْ أَنْصَفَكَ فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ وَ اللَّهِ مَا أَنْصَفَنِي وَ اللَّهِ لَأَرْمِيَنَّهُ بِمِائَةِ أَلْفِ سَيْفٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَصِلَ إِلَيَّ وَ وَ اللَّهِ مَا أَنَا مِنْ جَالِهِ وَ لَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص يَقُولُ وَ اللَّهِ يَا عَلِيُّ لَوْ بَارَزَكَ أَهْلُ الشَّرْقِ وَ الْغَرْبِ لَقَتَلْتَهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ
When Muawiya read his letter, and his gatherers were in his presence, they said, ‘By Allah-azwj, he-asws has been fair to you’. Muawiya said, ‘By Allah-azwj, he-asws has not been fair to me. By Allah-azwj, I shall hit him-asws with one hundred thousand swords from the people of Syria, from before he-asws can arrive to me; and by Allah-azwj, I am not from his-asws circle, and I have heard Rasool-Allah-saww say: ‘By Allah-azwj, O Ali-asws! If the people of the east and the west were to duel you-asws, you will kill all of them!’’
فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ مَا يَحْمِلُكَ يَا مُعَاوِيَةُ عَلَى قِتَالِ مَنْ تَعْلَمُ وَ تُخْبِرُ فِيهِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ بِمَا تُخْبِرُ مَا أَنْتَ وَ نَحْنُ فِي قِتَالِهِ إِلَّا عَلَى الضَّلَالَةِ
A man from the group said to him, ‘O Muawiya! What carried you upon fighting the one you know and are informed with from Rasool-Allah-saww with what you have been informed with. You and we are not in fighting him-asws, except upon the straying’.
فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ إِنَّمَا هَذَا بَلَاغٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُ وَ اللَّهِ مَا أَسْتَطِيعُ أَنَا وَ أَصْحَابِي رَدَّ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَكُونَ مَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ
Muawiya said, ‘But rather, this is an announcement from Allah-azwj and there is no capacity by Allah-azwj, I and my companions have no capacity to repel that until it happens what is to happen’.
قَالَ وَ بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ مَلِكَ الرُّومِ وَ أُخْبِرَ أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ قَدْ خَرَجَا يَطْلُبَانِ الْمُلْكَ فَسَأَلَ مِنْ أَيْنَ خَرَجَا فَقِيلَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ بِالْكُوفَةِ وَ رَجُلٌ بِالشَّامِ
He (the narrator) said, ‘And that reached the king of Rome, and he was informed that two men had come out (for battle) seeking the kingdom. He asked, ‘Where are they coming out from?’ It was said to him, ‘A man is at Al-Kufa and a man is at Syria’.
قَالَ فَأَمَرَ الْمَلِكُ وُزَرَاءَهُ فَقَالَ تَخَلَّلُوا هَلْ تُصِيبُونَ مِنْ تُجَّارِ الْعَرَبِ مَنْ يَصِفُهُمَا لِي فَأُتِيَ بِرَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ تُجَّارِ الشَّامِ وَ رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ تُجَّارِ مَكَّةَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ عَنْ صِفَتِهِمَا فَوَصَفُوهُمَا لَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِخُزَّانِ بُيُوتِ خَزَائِنِهِ أَخْرِجُوا إِلَيَّ الْأَصْنَامَ فَأَخْرَجُوهَا فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهَا فَقَالَ الشَّامِيُّ ضَالٌّ وَ الْكُوفِيُّ هَادٍ
He (the narrator) said, ‘The king ordered his ministers. He said, ‘Mingle (with the people), if you can find from the Arab traders one who can describe them both to me’. They came with two men from the traders of Syria and two men from the traders of Makkah. He asked them about both their descriptions, and they described them to him. Then he said to the treasurer of his treasure houses, ‘Bring out the idols to me!’ They brought them out. He looked at them. He said, ‘The Syrian has strayed and the Kufi is guided’.
ثُمَّ كَتَبَ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ أَنِ ابْعَثْ إِلَيَّ أَعْلَمَ أَهْلِ بَيْتِكَ وَ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَنِ ابْعَثْ إِلَيَّ أَعْلَمَ أَهْلِ بَيْتِكَ فَأَسْمَعَ مِنْهُمَا ثُمَّ أَنْظُرَ فِي الْإِنْجِيلِ كِتَابِنَا ثُمَّ أُخْبِرَكُمَا مَنْ أَحَقُّ بِهَذَا الْأَمْرِ وَ خَشِيَ عَلَى مُلْكِهِ
Then he wrote to Muawiya, ‘Send to me the most learned of your family members’. And he wrote to Amir Al-Momineen-asws, ‘Send to me the most learned of your-asws family members. Then I shall look into the Evangel, our Book, then I shall inform you both, who is more rightful with this command, and fearing upon his kingdom’.
فَبَعَثَ مُعَاوِيَةُ يَزِيدَ ابْنَهُ وَ بَعَثَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْحَسَنَ ابْنَهُ ع فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ يَزِيدُ لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْمَلِكِ أَخَذَ بِيَدِهِ وَ قَبَّلَهَا
Muawiya sent his son-la Yazeed-la, and Amir Al-Momineen-asws sent his-asws son-asws Al-Hassan-asws. When Yazeed-la, may Allah-azwj Curse him-la entered to see the king, he-la took his hand and kissed it, then kissed his head.
ثُمَّ قَبَّلَ رَأْسَهُ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمَا فَقَالَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَجْعَلْنِي يَهُودِيّاً وَ لَا نَصْرَانِيّاً وَ لَا مَجُوسِيّاً وَ لَا عَابِداً لِلشَّمْسِ وَ الْقَمَرِ وَ لَا الصَّنَمِ وَ الْبَقَرِ وَ جَعَلَنِي حَنِيفاً مُسْلِماً وَ لَمْ يَجْعَلْنِي مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ تَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ وَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعالَمِينَ ثُمَّ جَلَسَ لَا يَرْفَعُ بَصَرَهُ
Then Al-Hassan-asws Bin Ali-asws entered and said: ‘The Praise is for Allah-azwj Who neither Made me-asws a Jew nor a Christian, nor a Magian, nor a worshipper of the sun and the moon, nor the idols, and the cow; and He-azwj Made me-asws an upright Muslims, and did not Make me-asws from the Polytheists. Blessed is Allah-azwj, Lord-azwj of the Magnificent Throne, and the Praise is for Allah-azwj Lord-azwj of the worlds’. Then he-asws sat down and did not raise his-asws sight.
فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ مَلِكُ الرُّومِ إِلَى الرَّجُلَيْنِ أَخْرَجَهُمَا ثُمَّ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا ثُمَّ بَعَثَ إِلَى يَزِيدَ فَأَحْضَرَهُ ثُمَّ أَخْرَجَ مِنْ خَزَائِنِهِ ثَلَاثَمِائَةٍ وَ ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ صُنْدُوقاً فِيهَا تَمَاثِيلُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَ قَدْ زُيِّنَتْ بِزِينَةِ كُلِّ نَبِيٍّ مُرْسَلٍ
When the king of Rome looked at the two men, took them out, then separated between the two. Then he sent for Yazeed-la and presented him-la. Then he brought out three hundred and thirteen boxes wherein were images if the Prophets-as, and had been adorned with the adornment of every Messenger-as.
فَأَخْرَجَ صَنَماً فَعَرَضَهُ عَلَى يَزِيدَ فَلَمْ يَعْرِفْهُ ثُمَّ عُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ صَنَمٌ صَنَمٌ فَلَا يَعْرِفُ مِنْهَا شَيْئاً وَ لَا يُجِيبُ مِنْهَا بِشَيْءٍ ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُ عَنْ أَرْزَاقِ الْخَلَائِقِ وَ عَنْ أَرْوَاحِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَيْنَ تَجْتَمِعُ وَ عَنْ أَرْوَاحِ الْكُفَّارِ أَيْنَ تَكُونُ إِذَا مَاتُوا فَلَمْ يَعْرِفْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئاً
He brought out an idol and presented it to Yazeed-la, but he-la did not recognise it. Then he presented to him-la idol by idol, but he-la did not recognise anything from these, nor could he-la with anything from these. Then he asked him-la about the sustenance of the creatures, and about the souls of the Momineen, where do they gather, and about the souls of the Kafirs, where they happen to be when they die, but he-la did not understand anything from that.
ثُمَّ دَعَا الْمَلِكُ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ ع فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا بَدَأْتُ بِيَزِيدَ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ كَيْ يَعْلَمَ أَنَّكَ تَعْلَمُ مَا لَا يَعْلَمُ وَ يَعْلَمُ أَبُوكَ مَا لَا يَعْلَمُ أَبُوهُ فَقَدْ وُصِفَ لِي أَبُوكَ وَ أَبُوهُ وَ نَظَرْتُ فِي الْإِنْجِيلِ فَرَأَيْتُ فِيهِ مُحَمَّداً رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص وَ الْوَزِيرَ عَلِيّاً ع وَ نَظَرْتُ فِي الْأَوْصِيَاءِ فَرَأَيْتُ فِيهَا أَبَاكَ وَصِيَّ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص
Then the king called Al-Hassan-asws Bin Ali-asws and said, ‘But rather, I began with Yazeed-la Bin Muawiya, lest he-la knows. You-asws know what he-la does not know, and your-asws father-asws knows what his-la father does not know. Your-asws father-asws and his-la father have been described to me, and I looked into the Evangel and saw in it Muhammad-saww as Rasool-saww of Allah-azwj and Ali-asws as the Vizier. And I looked into the successors-as, and I saw your-asws father-asws in it as being the successor-asws of Muhammad-saww Rasool-Allah-saww’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ الْحَسَنُ سَلْنِي عَمَّا بَدَا لَكَ فِيمَا تَجِدُهُ فِي الْإِنْجِيلِ وَ عَمَّا فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَ عَمَّا فِي الْقُرْآنِ أُخْبِرْكَ بِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ
Al-Hassan-asws said to him: ‘Ask me-asws about whatever comes to you, regarding what you found in the Evangel, and about what is in the Torah, and about what is in the Quran, I-asws will inform you with it, if Allah-azwj so Desires’.
فَدَعَا الْمَلِكُ بِالْأَصْنَامِ فَأَوَّلُ صَنَمٍ عُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ فِي صِفَةِ الْقَمَرِ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْحَسَنُ ع فَهَذِهِ صِفَةُ آدَمَ أَبِي الْبَشَرِ ثُمَّ عُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ آخَرُ فِي صِفَةِ الشَّمْسِ فَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ ع هَذِهِ صِفَةُ حَوَّاءَ أُمِّ الْبَشَرِ
The king called for the idols, and the first idol he presented to him-asws was in description of the moon. Al-Hassan-asws said to him: ‘This is a description of Adam-as, father-as of the human beings’. Then he presented another to him in the description of the sun. Al Hassan-asws said: ‘This is a description of Hawwa-as, mother-as of the human beings’.
ثُمَّ عُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ آخَرُ فِي صِفَةٍ حَسَنَةٍ فَقَالَ هَذِهِ صِفَةُ شَيْثِ بْنِ آدَمَ وَ كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ بُعِثَ وَ بَلَغَ عُمُرُهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ وَ أَرْبَعِينَ عَاماً ثُمَّ عُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ صَنَمٌ آخَرُ فَقَالَ هَذِهِ صِفَةُ نُوحٍ صَاحِبُ السَّفِينَةِ وَ كَانَ عُمُرُهُ أَلْفاً وَ أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ وَ لَبِثَ فِي قَوْمِهِ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ إِلَّا خَمْسِينَ عاماً
Then he presented another to him-asws, being of goodly description. He-asws said: ‘This is a description of Shees Bin Adam-as, and he-as was the first one to be Sent (as a Messenger-as) in the world for one thousand and four hundred years’. Then he presented another idol to him. He-asws said: ‘This is a description of Noah, owner of the ship, and his-as age was of one thousand and four hundred years and he-as remained among his-as people for a thousand years less fifty years, [29:14]’.
ثُمَّ عُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ صَنَمٌ آخَرُ فَقَالَ هَذِهِ صِفَةُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع عَرِيضُ الصَّدْرِ طَوِيلُ الْجَبْهَةِ ثُمَّ عُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ صَنَمٌ فَقَالَ هَذِهِ صِفَةُ إِسْرَائِيلَ وَ هُوَ يَعْقُوبُ ثُمَّ أُخْرِجَ إِلَيْهِ صَنَمٌ آخَرُ فَقَالَ هَذِهِ صِفَةُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ثُمَّ أُخْرِجَ إِلَيْهِ صَنَمٌ آخَرُ فَقَالَ هَذِهِ صِفَةُ يُوسُفَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ
Then he presented another idol to him-asws. He-asws said: ‘This is a description of Ibrahim-as, wide of chest, long of forehead’. Then he presented an idol to him-asws. He-asws said: ‘This is a description of Israeel-as, and he-as is Yaqoub-as’. Then he brought out another idol to him-asws. He-asws said: ‘This is a description of Ismail-as’. The he brought out another idol. He-asws said: ‘This is a description of Yusuf-as Bin Yaqoub-as Bin Is’haq-as Bin Ibrahim-as’.
ثُمَّ عُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ صَنَمٌ آخَرُ فَقَالَ هَذِهِ صِفَةُ مُوسَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ وَ كَانَ عُمُرُهُ مِائَتَيْنِ وَ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً وَ كَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ خَمْسُمِائَةِ عَامٍ ثُمَّ أُخْرِجَ إِلَيْهِ صَنَمٌ آخَرُ فَقَالَ هَذِهِ صِفَةُ دَاوُدَ صَاحِبِ الْحَرْبِ
Then he presented another idol to him-asws. He-asws said: ‘This is a description of Musa-as Bin Imran-as, and his-as age was two hundred and forty years, and between him-asws and Ibrahim-as were five hundred years’. Then he brought out another idol to him-asws. He-asws said: ‘This is a description of Dawood-as, the master of war’.
ثُمَّ أُخْرِجَ إِلَيْهِ صَنَمٌ آخَرُ فَقَالَ هَذِهِ صِفَةُ شُعَيْبٍ ثُمَّ زَكَرِيَّا ثُمَّ يَحْيَى ثُمَّ عِيسَى بْنِ مَرْيَمَ رُوحِ اللَّهِ وَ كَلِمَتِهِ وَ كَانَ عُمُرُهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا ثَلَاثاً وَ ثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً ثُمَّ رَفَعَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَ يَهْبِطُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ بِدِمَشْقَ وَ هُوَ الَّذِي يَقْتُلُ الدَّجَّالَ
Then he brought out another idol. He-asws said: ‘This is a description of Shuayb-as, then Zakariyya-as, then Isa-as Bin Maryam-as Spirit of Allah-azwj and His-azwj Word, and his-as aged in the world was thirty-three years. Then Allah-azwj Raised him-as to the sky, and he-as will descend to the earth at Damascus, and he-as is the one-as who will kill Al-Dajjal-la’.
ثُمَّ عُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ صَنَمٌ صَنَمٌ فَيُخْبِرُ بِاسْمِ نَبِيٍّ نَبِيٍّ ثُمَّ عُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ الْأَوْصِيَاءُ وَ الْوُزَرَاءُ فَكَانَ يُخْبِرُ بِاسْمِ وَصِيٍّ وَصِيٍّ وَ وَزِيرٍ وَزِيرٍ ثُمَّ عُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ أَصْنَامٌ بِصِفَةِ الْمُلُوكِ فَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ ع هَذِهِ أَصْنَامٌ لَمْ نَجِدْ صِفَتَهَا فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَ لَا فِي الْإِنْجِيلِ وَ لَا فِي الزَّبُورِ وَ لَا فِي الْقُرْآنِ فَلَعَلَّهَا مِنْ صِفَةِ الْمُلُوكِ
Then he presented, idol after an idol, and he-asws informed with a name of a Prophet-as after a Prophet-as. Then he presented the successors-as and the Viziers, and he-as informed with the name of a successor-as after successor-as, and Vizier after Vizier. Then he presented to him-as idols in the description of kings. Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘These are idols whose descriptions we-asws can neither find in the Torah, nor in the Evangel, nor in the Psalms, nor in the Quran. Perhaps, these are descriptions of kings’.
فَقَالَ الْمَلِكُ أَشْهَدُ عَلَيْكُمْ يَا أَهْلَ بَيْتِ مُحَمَّدٍ أَنَّكُمْ قَدْ أُعْطِيتُمْ عِلْمَ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَ الْآخِرِينَ وَ عِلْمَ التَّوْرَاةِ وَ الْإِنْجِيلِ وَ الزَّبُورِ وَ صُحُفِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ أَلْوَاحِ مُوسَى
The king said, ‘I testify upon you-asws, O People-asws of the Household of Muhammad-saww, you-asws have been Given knowledge of the former ones and the latter ones, and knowledge of the Torah, and the Evangel, and the Psalms, and Parchments of Ibrahim-as, and Tablets of Musa-as’.
ثُمَّ عُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ صَنَمٌ يَلُوحُ فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ بَكَى بُكَاءً شَدِيداً فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَلِكُ مَا يُبْكِيكَ فَقَالَ هَذِهِ صِفَةُ جَدِّي مُحَمَّدٍ ص كَثُّ اللِّحْيَةِ عَرِيضُ الصَّدْرِ طَوِيلُ الْعُنُقِ عَرِيضُ الْجَبْهَةِ أَقْنَى الْأَنْفِ أَفْلَجُ الْأَسْنَانِ حَسَنُ الْوَجْهِ قَطَطُ الشَّعْرِ طَيِّبُ الرِّيحِ حَسَنُ الْكَلَامِ فَصِيحُ اللِّسَانِ
Then he presented to him-asws a bright idol. When he-asws looked at it, he-asws cried intensely. The king said to him, ‘What makes you-asws cry?’ He-asws said: ‘This is a description of my-asws grandfather-saww Muhammad-saww – bushy beard, wide chest, long neck, wide forehead, curved nose, shiny teeth, beautiful face, wavy hair, aromatic smell, good of speech, eloquent of tongue.
كَانَ يَأْمُرُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَ يَنْهَى عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ بَلَغَ عُمُرُهُ ثَلَاثاً وَ سِتِّينَ سَنَةً وَ لَمْ يَخْلُفْ بَعْدَهُ إِلَّا خَاتَمٌ مَكْتُوبٌ عَلَيْهِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ كَانَ يَتَخَتَّمُ فِي يَمِينِهِ وَ خَلَّفَ سَيْفَهُ ذو [ذَا] الْفَقَارِ وَ قَضِيبَهُ وَ جُبَّةَ صُوفٍ وَ كِسَاءَ صُوفٍ كَانَ يَتَسَرْوَلُ بِهِ لَمْ يَقْطَعْهُ وَ لَمْ يَخُطَّهُ حَتَّى لَحِقَ بِاللَّهِ
He-saww used to enjoin with the good and forbid from the evil. His-saww age reached sixty-three years, and did not leave after him-saww except a ring, upon it was written, ‘There is no god except Allah-azwj, Muhammad-saww is Rasool-Allah-saww’, and he-saww used to wear the ring in his-saww right hand; and he-saww left behind his-saww sword, Zulfiqar, and his-saww staff, and his-saww woollen coat, and a woollen cloak he-saww used to wear. He-saww did not cut it and did not sew it, until he-saww met Allah-azwj’.
فَقَالَ الْمَلِكُ إِنَّا نَجِدُ فِي الْإِنْجِيلِ أَنَّهُ يَكُونُ لَهُ مَا يَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ عَلَى سِبْطَيْهِ فَهَلْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْحَسَنُ ع قَدْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ الْمَلِكُ فَبَقِيَ لَكُمْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لَا قَالَ الْمَلِكُ لَهَذِهِ أَوَّلُ فِتْنَةٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ غَلَبَا أَبَاكُمَا ثُمَّ عَلَى مِلْكِ نَبِيِّكُمْ وَ اخْتِيَارُهُمْ عَلَى ذُرِّيَّةِ نَبِيِّهِمْ مِنْكُمُ الْقَائِمُ بِالْحَقِّ وَ الْآمِرُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَ النَّاهِي عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ
The king said, ‘We find in the Evangel there would happen to be for him-saww what he-asws could donate with upon his-saww two grand-sons-asws. So, did that happen?’ Al-Hassan-asws said to him: ‘That has happened’. The king said, ‘That has remained for you all?’ He-asws said: ‘No’. The king said, ‘This is the first Fitna from this community, overcoming your-asws father-asws, then upon the kingdom of your-asws Prophet-saww, and their choosing upon the offspring of their Prophet-saww, the standing with the truth and enjoining with the good and forbidding from the evil’.
قَالَ ثُمَّ سَأَلَ الْمَلِكُ الْحَسَنَ ع عَنْ سَبْعَةِ أَشْيَاءَ خَلَقَهَا اللَّهُ لَمْ تَرْكُضْ فِي رَحِمٍ فَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ أَوَّلُ هَذَا آدَمُ ثُمَّ حَوَّاءُ ثُمَّ كَبْشُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ثُمَّ نَاقَةُ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ إِبْلِيسُ الْمَلْعُونُ ثُمَّ الْحَيَّةُ ثُمَّ الْغُرَابُ الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ اللَّهُ فِي الْقُرْآنِ
He (the narrator) said, ‘Then the king asked Al-Hassan-asws about seven things Allah-azwj Created which did not tarry in a womb. Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘The first of this is Adam-as, then Hawwa-as, then the ram of Ibrahim-as, then she-camel of Salih-as, then Iblees-la the accursed, then the snake, then the crow which Allah-azwj has Mentioned in the Quran’.
قَالَ ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُ عَنْ أَرْزَاقِ الْخَلَائِقِ فَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ ع أَرْزَاقُ الْخَلَائِقِ فِي السَّمَاءِ الرَّابِعَةِ تَنْزِلُ بِقَدَرٍ وَ تُبْسَطُ بِقَدَرٍ
He (the narrator) said, ‘Then he asked him-asws about sustenance of the creatures. Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘Sustenance of the creatures is in the fourth sky, descending with a determination and spreading by a determination’.
ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُ عَنْ أَرْوَاحِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَيْنَ يَكُونُونَ إِذَا مَاتُوا قَالَ تَجْتَمِعُ عِنْدَ صَخْرَةِ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةِ الْجُمُعَةِ وَ هُوَ عَرْشُ اللَّهِ الْأَدْنَى مِنْهَا يَبْسُطُ اللَّهُ الْأَرْضَ وَ إِلَيْهَا يَطْوِيهَا وَ إِلَيْهِ الْمَحْشَرُ وَ مِنْهَا اسْتَوَى رَبُّنَا إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَ الْمَلَائِكَةُ
Then he asked about souls of the Momineen, when do they happen to be when they die. He-asws said: ‘They gather at the rock of Bayt Al-Maqdas during every night of Friday, and it is the lowest Throne of Allah-azwj. Allah-azwj Spread the earth from it, and it would be folded to it, and the resurrection would be to is, and from it our Lord-azwj and the Angels would even out to the sky’.
ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُ عَنْ أَرْوَاحِ الْكُفَّارِ أَيْنَ تَجْتَمِعُ قَالَ تَجْتَمِعُ فِي وَادِي حَضْرَمَوْتَ وَرَاءَ مَدِينَةِ الْيَمَنِ ثُمَّ يَبْعَثُ اللَّهُ نَاراً مِنَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَ نَاراً مِنَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ يُتْبِعُهَا بِرِيحَيْنِ شَدِيدَتَيْنِ فَيَحْشُرُ النَّاسَ عِنْدَ صَخْرَةِ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ
Then he asked him-asws about souls of the Kafirs, where do they gather. He-asws said: ‘They gather in the valley of Hazramaut behind a city of Al-Yemen. Then Allah-azwj would Send a fire from the east and a fire from the west, and these would be followed by two severe winds, and the people would be resurrected at the rock of Bayt Al-Maqdas.
فَيَحْشُرُ أَهْلَ الْجَنَّةِ عَنْ يَمِينِ الصَّخْرَةِ وَ يُزْلِفُ الْمُتَّقِينَ وَ تَصِيرُ جَهَنَّمُ عَنْ يَسَارِ الصَّخْرَةِ فِي تُخُومِ الْأَرَضِينَ السَّابِعَةِ وَ فِيهَا الْفَلَقُ وَ السِّجِّينُ فَيُعْرَفُ الْخَلَائِقُ مِنْ عِنْدِ الصَّخْرَةِ فَمَنْ وَجَبَتْ لَهُ الْجَنَّةُ دَخَلَهَا وَ مَنْ وَجَبَتْ لَهُ النَّارُ دَخَلَهَا وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ فَرِيقٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَ فَرِيقٌ فِي السَّعِيرِ
The people of the Paradise would be resurrected on the right of the rock, and the pious would be drawn near, and Hell would come to be on the lest of the rock in the confines of the seven firmaments, and therein is Al-Falaq, and Al-Sijjeen. The creatures would be recognised at the rock. The one for whom the Paradise is Obligated, would enter it, and the one for whom the Fire is Obligated, would enter it, and that is His-azwj Words: A party would be in the Paradise, and a party would be in the inferno (Fire) [42:7]’.
فَلَمَّا أَخْبَرَ الْحَسَنُ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ بِصِفَةِ مَا عُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْأَصْنَامِ وَ تَفْسِيرِ مَا سَأَلَهُ الْتَفَتَ الْمَلِكُ إِلَى يَزِيدَ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ وَ قَالَ شَعَرْتَ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ عِلْمٌ لَا يَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا نَبِيٌّ مُرْسَلٌ أَوْ وَصِيٌّ مُوَازِرٌ قَدْ أَكْرَمَهُ اللَّهُ بِمُوَازَرَةِ نَبِيِّهِ ص أَوْ عِتْرَةُ نَبِيٍّ مُصْطَفًى وَ غَيْرُهُ الْمُعَادِي فَقَدْ طَبَعَ اللَّهُ عَلَى قَلْبِهِ وَ آثَرَ دُنْيَاهُ عَلَى آخِرَتِهِ وَ هَوَاهُ عَلَى دِينِهِ وَ هُوَ مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ
When Al-Hassan-asws had informed about the descriptions of what idols had been presented to him-asws and interpretation of what he-asws had been asked of, the king turned to Yazeed-la Bin Muawiya, may Allah-azwj Curse him-la, and said, ‘Are you aware, that is a knowledge none know it except a Messenger-as Prophet-as, or a successor-as Vizier Allah-azwj had Honoured him-as with the minister-ship of His-azwj Prophet-saww, or a family of a Chosen Prophet-saww, and someone else would be normally one Allah-azwj would have Sealed upon his hear, and he would prefer his world over his Hereafter, and his personal desires over his religion, and he would be from the unjust’.
قَالَ فَسَكَتَ يَزِيدُ وَ خَمَدَ قَالَ فَأَحْسَنَ الْمَلِكُ جَائِزَةَ الْحَسَنِ وَ أَكْرَمَهُ وَ قَالَ لَهُ ادْعُ رَبَّكَ حَتَّى يَرْزُقَنِي دِينَ نَبِيِّكَ فَإِنَّ حَلَاوَةَ الْمُلْكِ قَدْ حَالَتْ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ وَ أَظُنُّهُ سَمّاً مُرْدِياً وَ عَذَاباً أَلِيماً
He (the narrator) said, ‘Yazeed-la was silent and froze. The king recompensed Al-Hassan-asws goodly and honoured him-asws and said to him-asws, ‘Supplicate to your-asws Lord-azwj until He-azwj Graces me the religion of your-asws Prophet-saww, for the sweetness of the kingdom has formed a barrier between me and that, and I think it is a lethal poison and a painful punishment’.
قَالَ فَرَجَعَ يَزِيدُ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ وَ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ الْمَلِكُ أَنَّهُ يُقَالُ مَنْ آتَاهُ اللَّهُ الْعِلْمَ بَعْدَ نَبِيِّكُمْ وَ حَكَمَ بِالتَّوْرَاةِ وَ مَا فِيهَا وَ الْإِنْجِيلِ وَ مَا فِيهِ وَ الزَّبُورِ وَ مَا فِيهِ وَ الْفُرْقَانِ وَ مَا فِيهِ فَالْحَقُّ وَ الْخِلَافَةُ لَهُ
He (the narrator) said, ‘Yazeed-la returned to Muawiya, and the king wrote to him, ‘It is said, one whom Allah-azwj Grants the knowledge after your Prophet-as and wisdom of the Torah and what is in it, and the Evangel and what is in it, and the Psalms and what is in it, and the Furqan and what is in it, so the truth and the caliphate is for him-asws’.
وَ كَتَبَ إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع أَنَّ الْحَقَّ وَ الْخِلَافَةَ لَكَ وَ بَيْتَ النُّبُوَّةِ [فِيكَ] وَ فِي وُلْدِكَ فَقَاتِلْ مَنْ قَاتَلَكَ يُعَذِّبْهُ اللَّهُ بِيَدِكَ ثُمَّ يُخَلِّدْهُ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ فَإِنَّ مَنْ قَاتَلَكَ نَجِدُهُ فِي الْإِنْجِيلِ أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةَ اللَّهِ وَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَ النَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ وَ عَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ أَهْلِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرَضِينَ
And he wrote to Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, ‘The truth and the caliphate is for you-asws, and Household of the Prophet-hood is among you-asws and your-asws children, so fight the one who fights you. Allah-azwj will Punish him by your-asws hand, then his eternal life would be in the Fire of Hell, for the one who fights you-asws, we find him to be in the Evangel that upon him would be the Curse of Allah-azwj, and the Angels, and the people altogether, and upon him are the curses of the skies and the earths’’.[25]
VERSE 8
وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَجَعَلَهُمْ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَلَٰكِنْ يُدْخِلُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ فِي رَحْمَتِهِ ۚ وَالظَّالِمُونَ مَا لَهُمْ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ {8}
And if Allah had so Desired, He would have Made them as one community (by Force), but He Enters one (into religion – Wilayah) He so Desires through His Mercy, and (for) the unjust ones, there would neither be a guardian for them nor a helper [42:8]
محمد بن العباس، قال: حدثنا علي بن العباس، عن حسن بن محمد، عن عباد بن يعقوب، عن عمرو بن جبير، عن جعفر بن محمد (عليهما السلام)، في قوله تعالى: وَ لكِنْ يُدْخِلُ مَنْ يَشاءُ فِي رَحْمَتِهِ، قال: «الرحمة: ولاية علي بن أبي طالب (عليه السلام) وَ الظَّالِمُونَ ما لَهُمْ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَ لا نَصِيرٍ
Muhammad Bin Al Abbas, from Ali Bin Al Abbas, from Hassan Bin Muhammad, from Abaad Bin Yaqoub, from Amro Bin Jubeyr,
(It has been narrated) from Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: but He Enters one He so Desires through His Mercy [42:8], he-asws said: ‘The Mercy – Wilayah of Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, and (for) the unjust ones, there would neither be a guardian for them nor a helper [42:8]’.[26]
VERSES 9 – 12
أَمِ اتَّخَذُوا مِنْ دُونِهِ أَوْلِيَاءَ ۖ فَاللَّهُ هُوَ الْوَلِيُّ وَهُوَ يُحْيِي الْمَوْتَىٰ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ {9}
Or have they taken guardians from besides Him? But Allah, He is the Guardian, and He Revives the dead, and He is Able upon all things [42:9]
وَمَا اخْتَلَفْتُمْ فِيهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَحُكْمُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبِّي عَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلْتُ وَإِلَيْهِ أُنِيبُ {10}
And whatever you differ in from anything, so its Decision is to Allah. That is Allah, my Lord. I rely upon Him and I turn to Him [42:10]
فَاطِرُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۚ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَاجًا وَمِنَ الْأَنْعَامِ أَزْوَاجًا ۖ يَذْرَؤُكُمْ فِيهِ ۚ لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ ۖ وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْبَصِيرُ {11}
Originator of the skies and the earth. He Made for your (comfort) mates for you from among yourselves, and also mates of the cattle, multiplying you thereby. There isn’t anything like Him, and He is the Hearing, the Seeing [42:11]
لَهُ مَقَالِيدُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ يَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَقْدِرُ ۚ إِنَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ {12}
For Him are the reins of the skies and the earth. He Extends the sustenance for one He so Desires to and Straitens. He is Knowing with all things [42:12]
ابن شهر آشوب: من كتاب العلوي البصري: أن جماعة من اليمن أتوا إلى النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله) فقالوا: نحن بقايا الملك المقدم من آل نوح، و كان لنبينا وصي اسمه سام، و أخبر في كتابه، أن لكل نبي معجزة، و له وصي يقوم مقامه، فمن وصيك؟
Ibn Shehr Ashub, from the book of Al Alawy Al Basry that,
‘A group from Al-Yemen came to the Prophet-saww. They said, ‘We are the remainder of the previous king from the Progeny of Noah-as, and our Prophet-as had a successor-as whose name was Saam-as. In his-as Book there is news that for every Prophet-as there is a Miracle, as well as for his-as successor-as who stands in his-as place. So who is your-saww successor-asws?’
فأشار بيده نحو علي (عليه السلام)، فقالوا: يا محمد، إن سألناه أن يرينا سام بن نوح، فيفعل؟ فقال (صلى الله عليه و آله): «نعم، بإذن الله
He-saww gestured by his-saww (hand) in the direction of Ali-asws. They said, ‘O Muhammad-saww! We are asking him-asws to show us Saam-as Bin Noah-as, so will he-asws (be able to) do it?’ He-saww said: ‘Yes, by the Permission of Allah-azwj’.
و قال: «يا علي، قم معهم إلى داخل المسجد فصل ركعتين، و اضرب برجلك الأرض عند المحراب
And he-saww said: ‘O Ali-asws! Go with them to the inside of the Masjid, pray two Cycles of Salat, and strike the ground with your-asws leg by the Prayer Niche’.
فذهب علي، و بأيديهم صحف، إلى أن بلغ محراب رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) داخل المسجد، فصلى ركعتين، ثم قام فضرب برجله على الأرض فانشقت الأرض و ظهر لحد و تابوت، فقام من التابوت شيخ يتلألأ وجهه مثل القمر ليلة البدر، و ينفض التراب من رأسه، و له لحية إلى سرته
So Ali-asws went, and in their hands were their Parchments, until he-asws reached the Prayer Niche of Rasool-Allah-saww inside the Masjid. Then he-asws prayed two Cycles of Salat, then stood up and struck the ground with his-asws leg. So the ground split up and a grave and a coffin became apparent. An old man arose from the coffin, his-as face shining like the moon of the night of the full moon, and shook off the dust from his-as head, and he-as had his-as beard up to his-as belly.
و صلى على علي (عليه السلام)، و قال: أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله، و أن محمدا رسول الله، سيد المرسلين، و أنك علي وصي محمد، سيد الوصيين، أنا سام بن نوح
And he-as greeted Ali-asws and said: ‘I-as testify that there is no god except for Allah-azwj, and that Muhammad-saww is Rasool-Allah-saww, Chief of the Rasools-as, and you-asws Ali-asws are the successor-asws of Muhammad-saww, Chief of the successors-asws, and I-as am Saam-as Bin Noah-as!’
فنشروا أولئك صحفهم، فوجدوه كما وصفوه في الصحف، ثم قالوا: نريد أن يقرأ من صحفه سورة. فأخذ في قراءته حتى تمم السورة، ثم سلم على علي، و نام كما كان، فانضمت الأرض، و قالوا بأسرهم: إن الدين عند الله الإسلام. و آمنوا
So they brought out their Parchments, and found him-as to be as he-as had been Described therein. Then they said, ‘We want him-as to recite a Chapter from the Parchment. He-as recited the Complete Chapter, then greeted Ali-asws, and went back to sleep as he-as had been. The ground converged back. And they said, ‘Surely the Religion in the Presence of Allah-azwj, is Al-Islam’. And they expressed belief.
فأنزل الله تعالى: أَمِ اتَّخَذُوا مِنْ دُونِهِ أَوْلِياءَ فَاللَّهُ هُوَ الْوَلِيُّ وَ هُوَ يُحْيِ الْمَوْتى إلى قوله: أُنِيبُ
Therefore, Allah-azwj the Exalted Revealed: Or have they taken guardians from besides Him? But Allah, He is the Guardian, and He Revives the dead [42:9] up to His-azwj Words: and I turn to Him [42:10]’.[27]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ مَنْ أَعْرَضَ عَنْ ذِكْرِي فَإِنَّ لَهُ مَعِيشَةً ضَنْكاً قَالَ يَعْنِي بِهِ وَلَايَةَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Salma Bin Al Khattab, from Al Husayn Bin Abdul Rahman, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from Abu Baseer, from
Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic:
And whoever ignores My Guidance will live a woeful life [20:124]. He-asws said: ‘It Means ignoring the Wilayah of Amir Al-Momineen-asws’.
قُلْتُ وَ نَحْشُرُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيامَةِ أَعْمى قَالَ يَعْنِي أَعْمَى الْبَصَرِ فِي الْآخِرَةِ أَعْمَى الْقَلْبِ فِي الدُّنْيَا عَنْ وَلَايَةِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ وَ هُوَ مُتَحَيِّرٌ فِي الْقِيَامَةِ يَقُولُ لِمَ حَشَرْتَنِي أَعْمى وَ قَدْ كُنْتُ بَصِيراً قالَ كَذلِكَ أَتَتْكَ آياتُنا فَنَسِيتَها قَالَ الْآيَاتُ الْأَئِمَّةُ ( عليهم السلام ) فَنَسِيتَها وَ كَذلِكَ الْيَوْمَ تُنْسى يَعْنِي تَرَكْتَهَا وَ كَذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ تُتْرَكُ فِي النَّارِ كَمَا تَرَكْتَ الْأَئِمَّةَ ( عليهم السلام ) فَلَمْ تُطِعْ أَمْرَهُمْ وَ لَمْ تَسْمَعْ قَوْلَهُمْ
‘and We will Resurrect him on the Day of Judgement, blind [20:124].’ He-asws said: ‘It Means blind of vision in the Hereafter, and blind of the heart in the world from the Wilayah of Amir Al-Momineen-asws. And he would be confused on the Day of Judgment.
[20:125] He shall say: Lord! Why have You Resurrected me blind and I was a seeing one beforehand? [20:126] He will say: Even so, Our Signs came to you. The Signs are the Imams-asws, but you forgot them; even thus shall you be Forsaken this Day. He-asws said: You forgot, meaning neglected them-asws, and similarly you will be neglected in the Fire just as you neglected the Imams-asws. So you did not obey their-asws orders and did not listen to their-asws speech’.
قُلْتُ وَ كَذلِكَ نَجْزِي مَنْ أَسْرَفَ وَ لَمْ يُؤْمِنْ بِآياتِ رَبِّهِ وَ لَعَذابُ الْآخِرَةِ أَشَدُّ وَ أَبْقى قَالَ يَعْنِي مَنْ أَشْرَكَ بِوَلَايَةِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) غَيْرَهُ وَ لَمْ يُؤْمِنْ بِآيَاتِ رَبِّهِ وَ تَرَكَ الْأَئِمَّةَ مُعَانَدَةً فَلَمْ يَتَّبِعْ آثَارَهُمْ وَ لَمْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ
I said, ‘[20:127] And thus do We Recompense him who is extravagant and does not believe in the Signs of his Lord, and the Punishment of the Hereafter is severer and more lasting’. He-asws said: ‘It Means the one who associates with the Wilayah of Amir Al-Momineen-asws someone else and does not believe in the Signs of his Lord-azwj, and deliberately neglects the Imams-asws. So he neither follows their-asws Ahadeeth, nor acknowledges their-asws Wilayah’.
قُلْتُ اللَّهُ لَطِيفٌ بِعِبادِهِ يَرْزُقُ مَنْ يَشاءُ قَالَ وَلَايَةُ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) قُلْتُ مَنْ كانَ يُرِيدُ حَرْثَ الْآخِرَةِ قَالَ مَعْرِفَةُ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) وَ الْأَئِمَّةِ نَزِدْ لَهُ فِي حَرْثِهِ قَالَ نَزِيدُهُ مِنْهَا قَالَ يَسْتَوْفِي نَصِيبَهُ مِنْ دَوْلَتِهِمْ وَ مَنْ كانَ يُرِيدُ حَرْثَ الدُّنْيا نُؤْتِهِ مِنْها وَ ما لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ نَصِيبٍ قَالَ لَيْسَ لَهُ فِي دَوْلَةِ الْحَقِّ مَعَ الْقَائِمِ نَصِيبٌ
I said, ‘[42:19] Allah is Gentle to His servants; He Gives sustenance to whom He Desires to’. He-asws said: ‘Wilayah of Amir Al-Momineen-asws’. I said, ‘[42:20] Whoever desires the gain of the Hereafter’. He-asws said: ‘Recognition of Amir Al-Momineen-asws and the Imams-asws, We will give him more of that gain. He-asws said: ‘We-azwj shall Increase him from it’. He-asws said: ‘He would be fulfilled his share from their-asws government. and whoever desires the gain of this world, We give him of it, and in the Hereafter he has no portion. He-asws said: ‘There wouldn’t be a share for him, in the government of the truth along with Al-Qaim-asws’.[28]
VERSES 13 – 15
شَرَعَ لَكُمْ مِنَ الدِّينِ مَا وَصَّىٰ بِهِ نُوحًا وَالَّذِي أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ وَمَا وَصَّيْنَا بِهِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمُوسَىٰ وَعِيسَىٰ ۖ أَنْ أَقِيمُوا الدِّينَ وَلَا تَتَفَرَّقُوا فِيهِ ۚ كَبُرَ عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ مَا تَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَيْهِ ۚ اللَّهُ يَجْتَبِي إِلَيْهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَهْدِي إِلَيْهِ مَنْ يُنِيبُ {13}
He has Legislated for you from the Religion what He Bequeathed with to Noah, and which We Revealed to you, and what We Bequeathed with to Ibrahim, and Musa, and Isa that: “Establish the Religion and do not be divided in it!” Greatly difficult it is upon those who associate what you are calling them to. Allah Chooses to the ones He so Desires to and He Guides ones who are penitent [42:13]
وَمَا تَفَرَّقُوا إِلَّا مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَهُمُ الْعِلْمُ بَغْيًا بَيْنَهُمْ ۚ وَلَوْلَا كَلِمَةٌ سَبَقَتْ مِنْ رَبِّكَ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى لَقُضِيَ بَيْنَهُمْ ۚ وَإِنَّ الَّذِينَ أُورِثُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ لَفِي شَكٍّ مِنْهُ مُرِيبٍ {14}
And they did not become divided except from after the Knowledge had come to them in rivalry between them. And, had not a Word preceded from your Lord to a specified term, it would have been Decided between them. And surely, those whom We Made to inherit the Book from after them were in anxious doubt about it [42:14]
فَلِذَٰلِكَ فَادْعُ ۖ وَاسْتَقِمْ كَمَا أُمِرْتَ ۖ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ ۖ وَقُلْ آمَنْتُ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنْ كِتَابٍ ۖ وَأُمِرْتُ لِأَعْدِلَ بَيْنَكُمُ ۖ اللَّهُ رَبُّنَا وَرَبُّكُمْ ۖ لَنَا أَعْمَالُنَا وَلَكُمْ أَعْمَالُكُمْ ۖ لَا حُجَّةَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمُ ۖ اللَّهُ يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَنَا ۖ وَإِلَيْهِ الْمَصِيرُ {15}
Therefore, due to that, so invite, and be steadfast as you are Commanded, and do not follow their whims, and say: ‘I believe in whatever Allah Reveals in the Book, and I am Commanded to do justice between you. Allah is our Lord and your Lord. For us are our deeds and for you are your deeds. There is no argument between us and you. Allah would Gather us and to Him is the journey’ [42:15]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ الْمُهْتَدِي عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جُنْدَبٍ أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنَّ مُحَمَّداً ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) كَانَ أَمِينَ اللَّهِ فِي خَلْقِهِ فَلَمَّا قُبِضَ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) كُنَّا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَرَثَتَهُ فَنَحْنُ أُمَنَاءُ اللَّهِ فِي أَرْضِهِ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Abdul Aziz Bin Al Muhtady,
‘From Abdullah Bin Jundab that Al-Reza-asws wrote to him: ‘As for after this, so Muhammad-saww was a trustee of Allah-azwj among His-azwj creatures. So, when he-saww passed away, it was us-asws, the People-asws of the Household who inherited him-saww. Thus, we-asws are the trustees of Allah-azwj in His-azwj earth.
عِنْدَنَا عِلْمُ الْبَلَايَا وَ الْمَنَايَا وَ أَنْسَابُ الْعَرَبِ وَ مَوْلِدُ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ إِنَّا لَنَعْرِفُ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا رَأَيْنَاهُ بِحَقِيقَةِ الْإِيمَانِ وَ حَقِيقَةِ النِّفَاقِ وَ إِنَّ شِيعَتَنَا لَمَكْتُوبُونَ بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ وَ أَسْمَاءِ آبَائِهِمْ أَخَذَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْنَا وَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمِيثَاقَ يَرِدُونَ مَوْرِدَنَا وَ يَدْخُلُونَ مَدْخَلَنَا لَيْسَ عَلَى مِلَّةِ الْإِسْلَامِ غَيْرُنَا وَ غَيْرُهُمْ
With us-asws is the knowledge of the calamities and the deaths, and the lineages of the Arabs, and the birth of Al-Islam. And we-asws tend to recognise the man when we-asws see him, by the reality of the Eman and the reality of the hypocrisy, and that our-asws Shias are recorded with their names and the names of their fathers. Allah-azwj Took the Covenant upon us-asws and upon them. They are intending our-asws intentions and are entering our entries. There isn’t upon the nation of Al-Islam apart from us-asws and them.
نَحْنُ النُّجَبَاءُ النُّجَاةُ وَ نَحْنُ أَفْرَاطُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَ نَحْنُ أَبْنَاءُ الْأَوْصِيَاءِ وَ نَحْنُ الْمَخْصُوصُونَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ نَحْنُ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَ نَحْنُ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله )
We-asws are the saviours for the salvation, and we-asws are the amplified of the Prophets-as, and we-asws are the sons-asws of the successors-as, and we-asws the ones particularised in the Book of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and we-asws are the closest of the people with the Book of Allah-azwj, and we-asws are the closest of the people with Rasool-Allah-saww.
وَ نَحْنُ الَّذِينَ شَرَعَ اللَّهُ لَنَا دِينَهُ فَقَالَ فِي كِتَابِهِ شَرَعَ لَكُمْ يَا آلَ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنَ الدِّينِ ما وَصَّى بِهِ نُوحاً قَدْ وَصَّانَا بِمَا وَصَّى بِهِ نُوحاً وَ الَّذِي أَوْحَيْنا إِلَيْكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ وَ ما وَصَّيْنا بِهِ إِبْراهِيمَ وَ مُوسى وَ عِيسى
And we-asws are those for whom Allah-azwj Legislated His-azwj Religion for us-asws, so He-azwj Said in His-azwj Book: He has Legislated to you – O Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww, from the Religion what He Bequeathed with to Noah, and which We Revealed to you – O Muhammad-saww, and what We Bequeathed with to Ibrahim, and Musa, and Isa [42:13].
فَقَدْ عَلَّمَنَا وَ بَلَّغَنَا عِلْمَ مَا عَلِمْنَا وَ اسْتَوْدَعَنَا عِلْمَهُمْ نَحْنُ وَرَثَةُ أُولِي الْعَزْمِ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ أَنْ أَقِيمُوا الدِّينَ يَا آلَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ لا تَتَفَرَّقُوا فِيهِ وَ كُونُوا عَلَى جَمَاعَةٍ كَبُرَ عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ مَنْ أَشْرَكَ بِوَلَايَةِ عَلِيٍّ ما تَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ وَلَايَةِ عَلِيٍّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ يَهْدِي إِلَيْهِ مَنْ يُنِيبُ مَنْ يُجِيبُكَ إِلَى وَلَايَةِ عَلِيٍّ ( عليه السلام )
So, He-azwj has Taught us-asws, and Delivered to Us-asws the Knowledge what we-asws know, and Entrusted us-asws their-as knowledge. We-asws are the inheritors of the Determined Ones (Ul Al-Azam) from the Rasools-as that you-asws would, “Establish the Religion – O Progeny-asws Muhammad-saww, and do not be divided in it!”, and be as one group. Greatly difficult it is upon the associators – the ones who associate others with the Wilayah of Ali-asws, what you are calling them to – from the Wilayah of Ali-asws. Allah, O Muhammad-saww, Guides towards it ones who are penitent [42:13] – the one who answers you to the Wilayah of Ali-asws’.[29]
حدثنا محمد بن الحسين عن النضر عن عبد الغفار عن ابى عبد الله عليه السلام قال ان الله تعالى قال لنبيه ولقد وصيناك بما وصى به آدم ونوحا وابراهيم من قبلك ان اقيموا الدين ولا تتفرقوا فيه انا يعنى الولاية كبر على المشركين ما تدعوهم إليه يعنى كبر على قومك يا محمد ما تدعوهم من تولية على عليه السلام
It has been narrated to us by Muhammad Bin Al-Husayn, from Al-Nazar, from Abdul Ghaffar, who has narrated:
Abu Abdullah-asws having said that: ‘Allah-azwj the High Said to His-azwj Prophet-saww: He has Legislated for you from the Religion what He Bequeathed with to Noah, and which We Revealed to you, and what We Bequeathed with to Ibrahim, and Musa, and Isa that: “Establish the Religion and do not be divided in it!” [42:13] – It means ‘Al-Wilayah’, and Greatly difficult it is upon the associators what you are calling them to – meaning, it is hard on your-saww community, O Muhammad-saww, of what you-saww are calling them to the nomination of Ali-asws’.
قال ان الله قد اخذ ميثاق كل نبى وكل مؤمن ليؤمنن بمحمد صلى الله عليه وآله وعلى وبكل نبى وبالولاية ثم قال لمحمد صلى الله عليه وآله اولئك الذين هدى الله فبهديهم اقتده يعنى آدم ونوحا وكل نبى بعده
Allah-azwj had Taken the Covenant from every Prophet-as, and every Momin to believe in Muhammad-saww and Ali-asws, and with every Prophet-as by ‘Al-Wilayah’. Then He-azwj Said to Muhammad-saww: They are those whom Allah Guided, therefore follow with their guidance [6:90], meaning Adam-as and Noah-as and every Prophet-as after him-as’.[30]
محمد بن إبراهيم النعماني، قال: أخبرنا أحمد بن محمد بن سعيد، قال: حدثنا القاسم بن محمد ابن الحسن بن حازم، قال: حدثنا عبيس بن هشام الناشري، قال: حدثنا عبد الله بن جبلة، عن عمران بن قطن، عن زيد الشحام، قال: سألت أبا عبد الله (عليه السلام): هل كان رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) يعرف الأئمة (عليهم السلام)؟
Muhammad Bin Ibrahim Al Nu’mani, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Saeed, from Al Qasim Bin Muhammad Ibn Al Hassan Bin Hazim, from Isa Bin Hisham Al Nashary, from Abdullah Bin Jabalat, from Umran Bin Qatan, from Zayd Al Shahaam who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘Did Rasool-Allah-saww introduce the Imams-asws?’
قال: «قد كان نوح (عليه السلام) يعرفهم، الشاهد على ذلك قول الله عز و جل في كتابه: شَرَعَ لَكُمْ مِنَ الدِّينِ ما وَصَّى بِهِ نُوحاً وَ الَّذِي أَوْحَيْنا إِلَيْكَ وَ ما وَصَّيْنا بِهِ إِبْراهِيمَ وَ مُوسى وَ عِيسى
He-asws said: ‘In fact Noah-as had introduced them-asws. The testimony upon that are the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic in His-azwj Book: He has Legislated for you from the Religion what He Bequeathed with to Noah, and which We Revealed to you, and what We Bequeathed with to Ibrahim, and Musa, and Isa [42:13]’.
قال: «شَرَعَ لَكُمْ مِنَ الدِّينِ يا معشر الشيعة ما وَصَّى بِهِ نُوحاً
He-asws said: ‘He has Legislated to you [42:13], O community of Shias, what He Bequeathed with to Noah’.[31]
علي بن إبراهيم: حدثني أبي، عن علي بن مهزيار، عن بعض أصحابنا، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قول الله تعالى: أَنْ أَقِيمُوا الدِّينَ، قال: «الإمام وَ لا تَتَفَرَّقُوا فِيهِ كناية عن أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)
Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘My father narrated to me from Ali Bin Mahziyar, from one of our companions,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: “Establish the Religion [42:13], he-asws said: ‘The Imam-asws, and do not be divided in it!” – an allusion to (deny) Amir Al-Momineen-asws.
ثم قال: كَبُرَ عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ ما تَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَيْهِ من ولاية علي (عليه السلام) اللَّهُ يَجْتَبِي إِلَيْهِ مَنْ يَشاءُ كناية عن علي (عليه السلام) وَ يَهْدِي إِلَيْهِ مَنْ يُنِيبُ
Then He-azwj Said: Greatly difficult it is upon those who associate what you are calling them to – from the Wilayah of Ali-asws. Allah Chooses to it ones He so Desires to – an allusion to Amir al Momineen-asws, and He Guides towards it ones who are penitent [42:13].
ثم قال: فَلِذلِكَ فَادْعُ يعني إلى ولاية علي أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)، وَ لا تَتَّبِعْ أَهْواءَهُمْ فيه وَ قُلْ آمَنْتُ بِما أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنْ كِتابٍ وَ أُمِرْتُ لِأَعْدِلَ بَيْنَكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبُّنا وَ رَبُّكُمْ إلى قوله: وَ إِلَيْهِ الْمَصِيرُ
Therefore due to that, so invite [42:15] – Meaning to the Wilayah of Ali Amir al Momineen-asws, and do not follow their whims, and say: ‘I believe in whatever Allah Book Allah Reveals, and I am Commanded to do justice between you. Allah is our Lord and your Lord – up to His-azwj Words: and to Him is the journey [42:15]’.[32]
The Altered Verse
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنِ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ كَبُرَ عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ بِوَلَايَةِ عَلِيٍّ ما تَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَيْهِ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مِنْ وَلَايَةِ عَلِيٍّ هَكَذَا فِي الْكِتَابِ مَخْطُوطَةٌ
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moalla Bin Muhammad, from Abdullah Bin Idrees, from Muhammad Bin Sinan,
‘From Al-Reza-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Greatly difficult it is upon the associators what you are calling them to O Muhammad, of the Wilayah of Ali [42:13] – like this it is in the written Book’.[33]
محمد بن يعقوب: عن الحسين بن محمد، عن معلى بن محمد، عن عبد الله بن إدريس، عن محمد بن سنان، عن الرضا (عليه السلام)، في قول الله عز و جل: «كَبُرَ عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ بولاية علي ما تَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَيْهِ يا محمد من ولاية علي، هكذا في الكتاب محفوظ
Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moala Bin Muhammad, from Abdullah Bin Idrees, from Muhammad Bin Sinan,
from Al-Reza-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Greatly difficult it is upon the associators, the Wilayah of Ali what you are calling them to O Muhammad, from the Wilayah of Ali [42:13] . This is how it is in the Protected Book (الكتاب محفوظ)’.[34]
VERSES 16 – 18
وَالَّذِينَ يُحَاجُّونَ فِي اللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا اسْتُجِيبَ لَهُ حُجَّتُهُمْ دَاحِضَةٌ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ وَعَلَيْهِمْ غَضَبٌ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌ {16}
And those who are arguing regarding Allah from after He has been Answered to, their argument is invalid in the Presence of their Lord, and upon them is Wrath, and for them is severe Punishment [42:16]
اللَّهُ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ وَالْمِيزَانَ ۗ وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّ السَّاعَةَ قَرِيبٌ {17}
Allah is the One Who Revealed the Book and the Scale with the Truth. And what would Make you realise, perhaps the Hour is close? [42:17]
يَسْتَعْجِلُ بِهَا الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهَا ۖ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مُشْفِقُونَ مِنْهَا وَيَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهَا الْحَقُّ ۗ أَلَا إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُمَارُونَ فِي السَّاعَةِ لَفِي ضَلَالٍ بَعِيدٍ {18}
They hasten with it, those who do not believe in it. And those who believe are fearful from it and know that it is the Truth. Indeed! Surely, those are disputing regarding the Hour are in a far straying [42:18]
نرجع إلى رواية علي بن إبراهيم: ثم قال عز و جل: اللَّهُ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ الْكِتابَ بِالْحَقِّ وَ الْمِيزانَ، قال: الميزان: أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)، و الدليل على ذلك قوله في سورة الرحمن: وَ السَّماءَ رَفَعَها وَ وَضَعَ الْمِيزانَ يعني الإمام
We return to the report of Ali Bin Ibrahim,
‘Then the Mighty and Majestic Said: Allah is the One Who Revealed the Book and the Scale with the Truth [42:17], said, ‘The Scale (الْمِيزانَ) is Amir Al-Momineen-asws, and the evidence upon that are His-azwj Words in Surah Al-Rahman (Chapter 55): And the sky, He elevated it, and He Placed the Scale [55:7] – Meaning the Imam-asws’.[35]
In a length Hadeeth it is:
وَ قَالَ اقْتَرَبَتِ السَّاعَةُ وَ انْشَقَّ الْقَمَرُ وَ قَالَ ما يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّ السَّاعَةَ تَكُونُ قَرِيباً- يَسْتَعْجِلُ بِهَا الَّذِينَ لا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِها وَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مُشْفِقُونَ مِنْها وَ يَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهَا الْحَقُّ أَلا إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُمارُونَ فِي السَّاعَةِ لَفِي ضَلالٍ بَعِيدٍ
And Said: The time approached, and the moon split apart [54:1]. And Said: And what would Make you realise, perhaps the Hour is close? [42:17] They hasten with it, those who do not believe in it. And those who believe are fearful from it and know that it is the Truth. Indeed! Surely, those are disputing regarding the Hour are in a far straying [42:18]’.
قُلْتُ فَمَا مَعْنَى يُمَارُونَ
I said, ‘So what is the meaning of ‘are disputing’?’
قَالَ يَقُولُونَ مَتَى وُلِدَ وَ مَنْ رَأَى وَ أَيْنَ يَكُونُ وَ مَتَى يَظْهَرُ وَ كُلُّ ذَلِكَ اسْتِعْجَالًا لِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ وَ شَكّاً فِي قَضَائِهِ وَ دُخُولًا فِي قُدْرَتِهِ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ خَسِرُوا الدُّنْيَا وَ إِنَّ لِلْكَافِرِينَ لَشَرَّ مَآبٍ
He-asws (6th Imam) said: ‘They are saying, ‘When was he-ajfj born?’ And ‘Who saw?’ And ‘Where does he-ajfj happen to be?’ And ‘When would be his-ajfj appearance?’ And all that is hastening for a Command of Allah-azwj, and doubting in His-azwj Decree, and interfering in His-azwj Power. They are those who incur loss in the world, and for the disbelievers there is an evil afterlife!’
قُلْتُ أَ فَلَا يُوَقَّتُ لَهُ وَقْتٌ
I said, ‘Has He-azwj not Timed a timing for it?’
فَقَالَ يَا مُفَضَّلُ لَا أُوَقِّتُ لَهُ وَقْتاً وَ لَا يُوَقَّتُ لَهُ وَقْتٌ إِنَّ مَنْ وَقَّتَ لِمَهْدِيِّنَا وَقْتاً فَقَدْ شَارَكَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى فِي عِلْمِهِ وَ ادَّعَى أَنَّهُ ظَهَرَ عَلَى سِرِّهِ وَ مَا لِلَّهِ مِنْ سِرٍّ إِلَّا وَ قَدْ وَقَعَ إِلَى هَذَا الْخَلْقِ الْمَعْكُوسِ الضَّالِّ عَنِ اللَّهِ الرَّاغِبِ عَنْ أَوْلِيَاءِ اللَّهِ
He-asws said: ‘O Mufazzal! I-asws will not time a timing for it, nor has He-azwj Timed a timing for it. The one who times a timing for our-asws Mahdi-ajfj, so he has associated with Allah-azwj the Exalted in His-azwj Knowledge and claimed that His-azwj secret has been Revealed to him, and there is no secret of Allah-azwj except and it has occurred to these people, the inverted, the strayers away from Allah-azwj, the turners away from the friends of Allah-azwj.
وَ مَا لِلَّهِ مِنْ خَبَرٍ إِلَّا وَ هُمْ أَخَصُّ بِهِ لِسِرِّهِ وَ هُوَ عِنْدَهُمْ وَ إِنَّمَا أَلْقَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِمْ لِيَكُونَ حُجَّةً عَلَيْهِمْ
And there is no news of Allah-azwj except and they-asws have been specialised with for His-azwj secrets, and it is in their-asws possession, and rather Allah-azwj has Cast it to them-asws for them to be Divine Authorities upon them’.
قَالَ الْمُفَضَّلُ يَا مَوْلَايَ فَكَيْفَ بَدْءُ ظُهُورِ الْمَهْدِيِّ ع وَ إِلَيْهِ التَّسْلِيمُ
Al-Mufazzal said, ‘O my Master-asws! How will the appearance of Al-Mahdi-ajfj begin, and the submission to him-ajfj?’
قَالَ ع يَا مُفَضَّلُ يَظْهَرُ فِي شُبْهَةٍ لِيَسْتَبِينَ فَيَعْلُو ذِكْرُهُ وَ يَظْهَرُ أَمْرُهُ وَ يُنَادَى بِاسْمِهِ وَ كُنْيَتِهِ وَ نَسَبِهِ وَ يَكْثُرُ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَفْوَاهِ الْمُحِقِّينَ وَ الْمُبْطِلِينَ وَ الْمُوَافِقِينَ وَ الْمُخَالِفِينَ لِتَلْزَمَهُمُ الْحُجَّةُ بِمَعْرِفَتِهِمْ بِهِ
He-asws said: ‘O Mufazzal! He-ajfj shall appear during suspicions to clarify. So his-ajfj mention would raise high, and his-ajfj matter would be revealed, and he-ajfj will be called by his-ajfj name and his-ajfj teknonym and his-ajfj lineage, and most of that would be upon the mouths of the ratifiers and the falsifiers, and the concurring ones and the adversaries to necessitate them the argument with knowing him-ajfj.
عَلَى أَنَّهُ قَدْ قَصَصْنَا وَ دَلَلْنَا عَلَيْهِ وَ نَسَبْنَاهُ وَ سَمَّيْنَاهُ وَ كَنَيْنَاهُ وَ قُلْنَا سَمِيُّ جَدِّهِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ كَنِيُّهُ لِئَلَّا يَقُولَ النَّاسُ مَا عَرَفْنَا لَهُ اسْماً وَ لَا كُنْيَةً وَ لَا نَسَباً
(This is) based upon that we-asws have narrated, and pointed upon him-ajfj, and lineaged him-ajfj, and named him-ajfj and teknonymed him-asws, and we-asws said: ‘His-ajfj name is of his-ajfj grandfather-saww Rasool-Allah-saww, and teknonymed him-ajfj lest the people say, ‘We do not know of any name being for him-ajfj nor any teknonym nor any lineage!’
وَ اللَّهِ لَيَتَحَقَّقُ الْإِيضَاحُ بِهِ وَ بِاسْمِهِ وَ نَسَبِهِ وَ كُنْيَتِهِ عَلَى أَلْسِنَتِهِمْ حَتَّى لَيُسَمِّيهِ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ كُلُّ ذَلِكَ لِلُزُومِ الْحُجَّةِ عَلَيْهِمْ
By Allah-azwj! The clarification with him-ajfj will be achieved, and with his-ajfj name and his-ajfj teknonym, upon their own tongues until they name him-ajfj to each other. All that is for necessitating the argument upon them (an extract).[36]
VERSES 19 & 20
اللَّهُ لَطِيفٌ بِعِبَادِهِ يَرْزُقُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۖ وَهُوَ الْقَوِيُّ الْعَزِيزُ {19}
Allah is Gentle with His servants. He Graces one He so Desires to, and He is the Strong, the Mighty [42:19]
مَنْ كَانَ يُرِيدُ حَرْثَ الْآخِرَةِ نَزِدْ لَهُ فِي حَرْثِهِ ۖ وَمَنْ كَانَ يُرِيدُ حَرْثَ الدُّنْيَا نُؤْتِهِ مِنْهَا وَمَا لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ نَصِيبٍ {20}
One Who wants the harvest of the Hereafter, We will Increase in his harvest for him, and one who wants the harvest of the world, We would Give to him from it, and there would not be a share for him in the Hereafter [42:20]
محمد بن يعقوب: عن محمد بن يحيى، عن سلمة بن الخطاب، عن الحسين بن عبد الرحمن، عن علي بن أبي حمزة، عن أبي بصير، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: قلت: اللَّهُ لَطِيفٌ بِعِبادِهِ يَرْزُقُ مَنْ يَشاءُ، قال: «ولاية أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)
Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Salmat Bin Al Khataab, from Al Husayn Bin Abdul Rahman, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from Abu Baseer,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I said, ‘(What about): Allah is Gentle with His servants. He Graces one He so Desires to [42:19]?’ He-asws said: ‘(The Grace) is Amir Al-Momineen-asws’.
قلت: مَنْ كانَ يُرِيدُ حَرْثَ الْآخِرَةِ، فقال: «معرفة أمير المؤمنين و الأئمة (عليهم السلام)». نَزِدْ لَهُ فِي حَرْثِهِ قال: «نزيده منها»، قال: «يستوفي نصيبه من دولتهم
I said, ‘(What about): One Who wants the harvest of the Hereafter [42:20]?’ He-asws said: ‘Recognition of Amir Al-Momineen-asws and the Imams-asws’. We will Increase in his harvest for him, he-asws said: ‘We-asws will Give him more from it’. He-asws said: ‘Fulfilling his share from their-asws governance’.
وَ مَنْ كانَ يُرِيدُ حَرْثَ الدُّنْيا نُؤْتِهِ مِنْها وَ ما لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ نَصِيبٍ. قال: «ليس له في دولة الحق مع القائم نصيب
and one who wants the harvest of the world, We would Give to him from it, and there would not be a share for him in the Hereafter [42:20], he-asws said: ‘There would be no portion for them in the government of Al-Qaim-asws’.[37]
علي بن إبراهيم، قال: حدثني أبي، عن بكر بن محمد الأزدي، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: «المال و البنون حرث الدنيا، و العمل الصالح حرث الآخرة، و قد يجمعهما [الله] لأقوام
Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘My father narrated to me, from Bakr Bin Muhammad Al Azdy,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The wealth and the sons are the harvest of the world, and the righteous deeds are the harvest of the Hereafter, and Allah-azwj has Gathered the two of them for a (certain) people’.[38]
VERSES 21 & 22
أَمْ لَهُمْ شُرَكَاءُ شَرَعُوا لَهُمْ مِنَ الدِّينِ مَا لَمْ يَأْذَنْ بِهِ اللَّهُ ۚ وَلَوْلَا كَلِمَةُ الْفَصْلِ لَقُضِيَ بَيْنَهُمْ ۗ وَإِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ {21}
Or are there associates for them, having been Legislated for them from the Religion what Allah has not Permitted with? And had not a Decisive Word preceded, it would have been Decided between them. And surely, for the ones unjust, there would be a painful Punishment [42:21]
وَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَصَمِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بَكْرٍ الْأَرَّجَانِيِّ قَالَ: صَحِبْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَنَزَلْنَا مَنْزِلًا يُقَالُ لَهُ عُسْفَانُ ثُمَّ مَرَرْنَا بِجَبَلٍ أَسْوَدَ عَنْ يَسَارِ الطَّرِيقِ مُوحِشٍ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص مَا أَوْحَشَ هَذَا الْجَبَلَ مَا رَأَيْتُ فِي الطَّرِيقِ مِثْلَ هَذَا
And by this chain, from Abdullah Al Asamma, from Abdullah Bin Bakeyr Al Arjany who said,
‘I accompanied Abu Abdullah-asws in a road of Makkah from Al-Medina. We encamped at a station called Usfan. Then we passed by a mountain darker than the wild neglected road. I said to him-asws, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! How desolate it this mountain. I have not seen in the road the like of this!’
فَقَالَ لِي يَا ابْنَ بَكْرٍ أَ تَدْرِي أَيُّ جَبَلٍ هَذَا قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ هَذَا جَبَلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ الْكَمَدُ وَ هُوَ عَلَى وَادٍ مِنْ أَوْدِيَةِ جَهَنَّمَ وَ فِيهِ قَتَلَةُ أَبِيَ الْحُسَيْنِ ع اسْتَوْدَعَهُمْ فِيهِ
He-asws said to me: ‘O Ibn Bakeyr! Do you know which mountain is this?’ I said, ‘No’. He-asws said: ‘This is a mountain called Al-Kamad, and it is upon a valley from the valleys of Hell, and in it, they (the killers) of my-asws father-asws Al-Husayn-asws have been deposited into it.
تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهِمْ مِيَاهُ جَهَنَّمَ مِنَ الْغِسْلِينِ وَ الصَّدِيدِ وَ الْحَمِيمِ وَ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْ جُبِّ الْجَوِي وَ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنَ الْفَلَقِ مِنْ أَثَامٍ وَ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْ طِينَةِ الْخَبَالِ وَ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْ جَهَنَّمَ وَ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْ لَظَى وَ مِنَ الْحُطَمَةِ- وَ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْ سَقَرَ وَ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنَ الْحَمِيمِ وَ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنَ الْهَاوِيَةِ وَ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنَ السَّعِيرِ
There flows beneath them the waters of Hell, from the refuse, and the pus, and the scalding water, and what comes out from the bodily fluids, and what comes out from the cleavages of sinners, and what comes out from the essence of the prostitutes, and what comes out from Hell, and what comes out from Lazy (a valley of Hell), and from Al-Hutama (a valley of Hell), and what comes out from Saqar (a valley of Hell), and what comes out from Al-Hameem (a valley of Hell), and what comes out from Al-Hawiya (a valley of Hell), and what comes out from Al-Saeer (a valley of Hell).
وَ مَا مَرَرْتُ بِهَذَا الْجَبَلِ فِي سَفَرِي فَوَقَفْتُ بِهِ إِلَّا رَأَيْتُهُمَا يَسْتَغِيثَانِ إِلَيَّ وَ إِنِّي لَأَنْظُرُ إِلَى قَتَلَةِ أَبِي وَ أَقُولُ لَهُمَا إِنَّمَا هَؤُلَاءِ فَعَلُوا مَا أَسَّسْتُمَا لَمْ تَرْحَمُونَا إِذْ وُلِّيتُمْ- وَ قَتَلْتُمُونَا وَ حَرَمْتُمُونَا وَ وَثَبْتُمْ عَلَى قَتْلِنَا [حَقِّنَا] وَ اسْتَبْدَدْتُمْ بِالْأَمْرِ دُونَنَا فَلَا رَحِمَ اللَّهُ مَنْ يَرْحَمُكُمَا ذُوقَا وَبَالَ مَا قَدَّمْتُمَا وَ مَا اللَّهُ بِظَلَّامٍ لِلْعَبِيدِ
And I-asws do not pass by this mountain in my-asws journey and pause by it, except I see the two of them (Abu Bakr & Umar) crying out for help to me-asws, and I-asws looked at the killing of my-asws father-asws and I-asws am saying to them both: ‘But rather, these two did it what they are feeling. They were not merciful to us-asws when they ruled, and they killed us-asws, and deprived us-asws, and were steadfast upon destroying our-asws rights, and exterminated us-asws by the commands of others. So, may Allah-azwj not have Mercy on the one who was merciful to you both. Taste the scourge what you sent ahead, and Allah-azwj is not the least unjust to the servant’.
وَ أَشَدُّهُمَا تَضَرُّعاً وَ اسْتِكَانَةً الثَّانِي فَرُبَّمَا وَقَفْتُ عَلَيْهِمَا لِيَتَسَلَّى عَنِّي بَعْضُ مَا فِي قَلْبِي- وَ رُبَّمَا طَوَيْتُ الْجَبَلَ الَّذِي هُمَا فِيهِ وَ هُوَ جَبَلُ الْكَمَدِ
And the most intense of the two in beseeching and the yielding is the second one (Umar). So, sometimes I-asws tend to pause by them in order to reassure part of what is in my-asws heart, and sometimes I-asws tread upon the mountain in which these two are, and it is mount Al-Kamad’.
قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فَإِذَا طَوَيْتَ الْجَبَلَ فَمَا تَسْمَعُ قَالَ أَسْمَعُ أَصْوَاتَهُمَا يُنَادِيَانِ عَرِّجْ عَلَيْنَا نُكَلِّمْكَ فَإِنَّا نَتُوبُ وَ أَسْمَعُ مِنَ الْجَبَلِ صَارِخاً يَصْرُخُ بِي أَجِبْهُمَا وَ قُلْ لَهُمَا اخْسَؤُا فِيها وَ لا تُكَلِّمُونِ
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! So when you tread on the mountain, what do you-asws hear?’ He-asws said: ‘I-asws hear their voices calling out, ‘Ascend the mountain, we want to speak to you-asws, for we repent!’ And I-asws hear their screams from the mountain screaming at me-asws, and I-asws say to them: ‘Keep quiet therein and do not speak!’
قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ وَ مَنْ مَعَهُمْ قَالَ كُلُّ فِرْعَوْنٍ عَتَا عَلَى اللَّهِ وَ حَكَى اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِعَالَهُ وَ كُلُّ مَنْ عَلَّمَ الْعِبَادَ الْكُفْرَ
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! And who (else) is with them?’ He-asws said: ‘Every pharaoh who transgressed against Allah-azwj, and Allah-azwj Told about his deeds, and everyone who taught Kufr to the servants’.
فَقُلْتُ مَنْ هُمْ قَالَ نَحْوُ بُولِسَ الَّذِي عَلَّمَ الْيَهُودَ أَنَّ يَدَ اللَّهِ مَغْلُولَةٌ وَ نَحْوُ نَسْطُورَ الَّذِي عَلَّمَ النَّصَارَى أَنَّ عِيسَى الْمَسِيحَ ابْنُ اللَّهِ وَ قَالَ لَهُمْ هُمْ ثَلَاثَةٌ وَ نَحْوُ فِرْعَوْنِ مُوسَى الَّذِي قَالَ- أَنَا رَبُّكُمُ الْأَعْلى وَ نَحْوُ نُمْرُودَ الَّذِي قَالَ قَهَرْتُ أَهْلَ الْأَرْضِ وَ قَتَلْتُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاءِ وَ قَاتِلِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع وَ قَاتِلِ فَاطِمَةَ وَ مُحَسِّنٍ وَ قَاتِلِ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ ع
I said, ‘And who are they?’ He-asws said: ‘Like Paul who taught the Jews that the Hand of Allah-azwj is Tied up, and like Nestorius who taught the Christians that Isa-as the Messiah is a son of Allah-azwj, and said to them, ‘Three (gods)’, and like Pharaoh-la of Musa-as who said, ‘I-la am your highest lord!’, and like Nimrod-la who said, ‘I-asws will subdue the people of the earth and kill the ones in the sky’, and the killer of Amir Al-Momineen-asws, and murderer of (Syeda) Fatima-asws, and Mohsin-asws, and killers of Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws.
فَأَمَّا مُعَاوِيَةُ وَ عَمْرٌو فَمَا يَطْمَعَانِ فِي الْخَلَاصِ وَ مَعَهُمْ كُلُّ مَنْ نَصَبَ لَنَا الْعَدَاوَةَ وَ أَعَانَ عَلَيْنَا بِلِسَانِهِ وَ يَدِهِ وَ مَالِهِ
So, as for Muawiya and Amro (Bin Al-Aas) and what they don’t even hope anymore for the salvation, and with them is every hostile one who established enmity towards us-asws, and assisted against us-asws by his tongue, and his hand, and his wealth’.
قُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فَأَنْتَ تَسْمَعُ ذَا كُلَّهُ وَ لَا تُقْرَعُ قَالَ يَا ابْنَ بَكْرٍ إِنَّ قُلُوبَنَا غَيْرُ قُلُوبِ النَّاسِ إِنَّا مُطِيعُونَ مُصَفَّوْنَ مُصْطَفَوْنَ نَرَى مَا لَا يَرَى النَّاسُ وَ نَسْمَعُ مَا لَا يَسْمَعُ النَّاسُ وَ إِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ تَنْزِلُ عَلَيْنَا فِي رِحَالِنَا وَ تَتَقَلَّبُ فِي فُرُشِنَا وَ تَشْهَدُ طَعَامَنَا وَ تَحْضُرُ مَوْتَانَا وَ تَأْتِينَا بِأَخْبَارِ مَا يَحْدُثُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ
I said to him-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! So you-asws heard that, all of it, and did not chide (tell off)?’ He-asws said: ‘O Ibn Bakeyr! Our-asws hearts are other than the hearts of the people. We-asws are obedient (to Allah-azwj, lined up in rows, Chosen. We-asws see what the people cannot see, and we-asws hear what the people cannot hear, and that the Angels descend unto us-asws during our-asws travels, and they turn in our-asws beds, and attend our-asws meals, and are present at our-asws deaths, and they come to us-asws with news of what is to occur before it even happens.
وَ تُصَلِّي مَعَنَا وَ تَدْعُو لَنَا وَ تُلْقِي عَلَيْنَا أَجْنِحَتَهَا وَ تَتَقَلَّبُ عَلَى أَجْنِحَتِهَا صِبْيَانُنَا وَ تَمْنَعُ الدَّوَابَّ أَنْ تَصِلَ إِلَيْنَا وَ تَأْتِينَا مِمَّا فِي الْأَرَضِينَ مِنْ كُلِّ نَبَاتٍ فِي زَمَانِهِ وَ تَسْقِينَا مِنْ مَاءِ كُلِّ أَرْضٍ نَجِدُ ذَلِكَ فِي آنِيَتِنَا وَ مَا مِنْ يَوْمٍ وَ لَا سَاعَةٍ وَ لَا وَقْتِ صَلَاةٍ إِلَّا وَ هِيَ تَتَهَيَّأُ لَهَا وَ مَا مِنْ لَيْلَةٍ تَأْتِي عَلَيْنَا إِلَّا وَ أَخْبَارُ كُلِّ أَرْضٍ عِنْدَنَا وَ مَا يَحْدُثُ فِيهَا وَ أَخْبَارُ الْجِنِّ وَ أَخْبَارُ أَهْلِ الْهَوَى مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ
And they pray Salat with us-asws, and supplicate for us-asws, and cast their wings upon us-asws, and turn our-asws children upon their wings, and prevent the animals from arriving to us-asws, and come to us-asws from what is in the earth from every plant in its time, and quench us-asws from the water of every land. We tend to find that in our-asws utensils, and there is none from a day, nor an hour, nor a time for Salat, except and it is prepared for it, and there is none from a night which comes upon us-asws except and the news of every land is with us-asws, and what occurs therein, and news of the Jinn, and news of the inhabitants of the air, from the Angels.
وَ مَا مِنْ مَلِكٍ يَمُوتُ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَ يَقُومُ غَيْرُهُ إِلَّا أَتَانَا خَبَرُهُ وَ كَيْفَ سِيرَتُهُ فِي الَّذِينَ قَبْلَهُ وَ مَا مِنْ أَرْضٍ مِنْ سِتَّةِ أَرَضِينَ إِلَى السَّابِعَةِ إِلَّا وَ نَحْنُ نُؤْتَى بِخَبَرِهِمْ
And there is none from king dying in the earth, and someone else standing except they come to us-asws with his news, and how are his ways regarding those before him. And there is none from an earth, from six firmaments up to the firmament, except and we-asws are given its news’.
فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فَأَيْنَ مُنْتَهَى هَذَا الْجَبَلِ قَالَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ السَّابِعَةِ [السَّادِسَةِ]- وَ فِيهَا جَهَنَّمُ عَلَى وَادٍ مِنْ أَوْدِيَتِهِ عَلَيْهِ حَفَظَةٌ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ نُجُومِ السَّمَاءِ وَ قَطْرِ الْمَطَرِ وَ عَدَدِ مَا فِي الْبِحَارِ وَ عَدَدِ الثَّرَى قَدْ وُكِّلَ كُلُّ مَلَكٍ مِنْهُمْ بِشَيْءٍ وَ هُوَ مُقِيمٌ عَلَيْهِ لَا يُفَارِقُهُ
I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! Where is the end-point of this mountain?’ He-asws said: ‘Up to the seventh (sixth) firmament, and therein is hell upon a valley from its valleys. Upon it are keepers more than (the number of) the stars of the sky, and drops of the rain, and number of what is in the sea, and number of the (grains of the) soil. Every Angel from them has been allocated with something, and he is established upon it, not separating from it’.
قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِلَيْكُمْ جَمِيعاً يُلْقُونَ الْأَخْبَارَ قَالَ لَا إِنَّمَا يُلْقَى ذَلِكَ إِلَى صَاحِبِ الْأَمْرِ وَ إِنَّا لَنَحْمِلُ مَا لَا يَقْدِرُ الْعِبَادُ عَلَى الْحُكُومَةِ فِيهِ فَنَحْكُمُ فِيهِ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَقْبَلْ حُكُومَتَنَا جَبَرَتْهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ عَلَى قَوْلِنَا وَ أَمَرَتِ الَّذِينَ يَحْفَظُونَ نَاحِيَةً أَنْ يَقْسِرُوهُ عَلَى قَوْلِنَا وَ إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْجِنِّ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْخِلَافِ وَ الْكُفْرِ أَوْثَقَتْهُ وَ عَذَّبَتْهُ حَتَّى يَصِيرَ إِلَى مَا حَكَمْنَا بِهِ
I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! All of them are casting the news to you-asws?’ He-asws said: ‘No! But rather, that is cast to the Master of the Command, and I-asws near what the servants are not able upon the government in it. So we-asws judge with regards to it. So one who does not accept our-asws decisions, the Angels compel him upon our-asws words and instruct those who are around to enforce him upon our-asws words, and even if he is from the Jinn from the people of the opposition and the Kufr, grappling him and punishing him until he comes to what we-asws had judged with’.
قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فَهَلْ يَرَى الْإِمَامُ مَا بَيْنَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَ الْمَغْرِبِ فَقَالَ يَا ابْنَ بَكْرٍ فَكَيْفَ يَكُونُ حُجَّةَ اللَّهِ عَلَى مَا بَيْنَ قُطْرَيْهَا وَ هُوَ لَا يَرَاهُمْ وَ لَا يَحْكُمُ فِيهِمْ وَ كَيْفَ يَكُونُ حُجَّةً عَلَى قَوْمٍ غُيَّبٍ لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ لَا يَقْدِرُونَ عَلَيْهِ وَ كَيْفَ يَكُونُ مُؤَدِّياً عَنِ اللَّهِ وَ شَاهِداً عَلَى الْخَلْقِ وَ هُوَ لَا يَرَاهُمْ وَ كَيْفَ يَكُونُ حُجَّةً عَلَيْهِمْ وَ هُوَ مَحْجُوبٌ عَنْهُمْ
I-asws said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! So, does the Imam-asws see what is between the east and the west?’ He-asws said: ‘O Ibn Bakr! How can he-asws be a Divine Authority of Allah-azwj upon what is between its two horizons, and he-asws cannot see them and cannot judge among them? And how can he-asws be a Divine Authority upon an absent people, not being able upon them, nor they are able upon him-asws? And how can he-asws happen to be a trustee from Allah-azwj and a witness upon the creatures, and he-asws cannot see them? And how can he-asws happen to be a Divine Authority upon them and he-asws is veiled from them?
وَ قَدْ جَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَ بَيْنَهُ أَنْ يَقُومَ بِأَمْرِ رَبِّهِ فِيهِمْ وَ اللَّهُ يَقُولُ وَ ما أَرْسَلْناكَ إِلَّا كَافَّةً لِلنَّاسِ يَعْنِي بِهِ مَنْ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ وَ الْحُجَّةُ مِنْ بَعْدِ النَّبِيِّ ص يَقُومُ مَقَامَ النَّبِيِّ ص مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَ هُوَ الدَّلِيلُ عَلَى مَا تَشَاجَرَتْ فِيهِ الْأُمَّةُ وَ الْآخِذُ بِحُقُوقِ النَّاسِ وَ الْقَيَّامُ بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ- وَ الْمُنْصِفُ لِبَعْضِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ
And there has been Made to be between them and him-asws that he-asws stands with the Command of his-asws Lord-azwj among them, and Allah-azwj is Saying: And We did not Send you except to all of the people [34:28] – meaning by it ones upon the earth, and the Divine Authority from after the Prophet-saww would be standing in the place of the Prophet-saww from after him-saww, and he-asws is the evidence upon what the community would be quarrelling in, and the seizer of the rights of the people, and the one-asws standing by the Command of Allah-azwj, and the fairness for some upon the others.
فَإِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ مَنْ يَنْفُذُ قَوْلُهُ وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ سَنُرِيهِمْ آياتِنا فِي الْآفاقِ وَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ فَأَيُّ آيَةٍ فِي الْآفَاقِ غَيْرِنَا أَرَاهَا اللَّهُ أَهْلَ الْآفَاقِ- وَ قَالَ ما نُرِيهِمْ مِنْ آيَةٍ إِلَّا هِيَ أَكْبَرُ مِنْ أُخْتِها فَأَيُّ آيَةٍ أَكْبَرُ مِنَّا
When there does not happen to be with them one who can implement His-azwj Words and He-azwj is Saying: We will be Showing them Our Signs in the horizons and within their own selves, until it becomes clear to them that it is the Truth [41:53], so which Sign in the horizons apart from us-asws would Allah-azwj Show the people of the horizons? And He-azwj Said: And We did not Show them a Sign but it was greater than its counterpart [43:48]. So which Sign is greater than us-asws?
وَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَ قُرَيْشاً لَتَعْرِفُ مَا أَعْطَانَا اللَّهُ وَ لَكِنَّ الْحَسَدَ أَهْلَكَهُمْ كَمَا أَهْلَكَ إِبْلِيسَ وَ إِنَّهُمْ لَيَأْتُونَنَا إِذَا اضْطُرُّوا وَ خَافُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ فَيَسْأَلُونَّا فَنُوَضِّحُ لَهُمْ فَيَقُولُونَ نَشْهَدُ أَنَّكُمْ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ ثُمَّ يَخْرُجُونَ فَيَقُولُونَ مَا رَأَيْنَا أَضَلَّ مِمَّنِ اتَّبَعَ هَؤُلَاءِ وَ يَقْبَلُ مَقَالَتَهُمْ
By Allah-azwj! The Clan of Hashim-asws and Quraysh do recognise what Allah-azwj has Given us-asws, but the envy destroyed them, just as it destroyed Iblees-la, and they come to us-asws when they are desperate and fear upon themselves, so they are asking us, and we-asws clarify for them, and they are saying, ‘We testify that you-asws are the people of the knowledge’. Then they are going out, so they are saying, ‘We have not seen anyone more straying than the ones who follow them-asws and accept their-asws words’.
قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع لَوْ نُبِشَ كَانُوا يَجِدُونَ فِي قَبْرِهِ شَيْئاً قَالَ يَا ابْنَ بَكْرٍ مَا أَعْظَمَ مَسَائِلَكَ الْحُسَيْنُ ع مَعَ أَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ وَ أَخِيهِ الْحَسَنِ فِي مَنْزِلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص يُحْبَوْنَ كَمَا يُحْبَى وَ يُرْزَقُونَ كَمَا يُرْزَقُ
I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! Inform me about Al-Husayn-asws. If we were to dig, would we find anything in his-asws grave?’ He-asws said: ‘O Ibn Bakr! How grievous is your question. Al-Husayn-asws, along with his-asws father-asws and his-asws mother-asws, and his-asws brother-asws Al-Hassan-asws are in the house of Rasool-Allah-saww, being Granted just as he-saww is Granted, and being Sustained just as he-asws is being Sustained.
فَلَوْ نُبِشَ فِي أَيَّامِهِ لَوُجِدَ وَ أَمَّا الْيَوْمَ فَهُوَ حَيٌّ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِ يُرْزَقُ وَ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى مُعَسْكَرِهِ وَ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى الْعَرْشِ مَتَى يُؤْمَرُ أَنْ يَحْمِلَهُ وَ إِنَّهُ لَعَلَى يَمِينِ الْعَرْشِ مُتَعَلِّقٌ يَقُولُ يَا رَبِّ أَنْجِزْ لِي مَا وَعَدْتَنِي
So, if we were to dig during his-asws days, he-asws would be found, and as for today, so he-asws is alive in the Presence of his-asws Lord-azwj being Sustained, and he-asws looks at his-asws soldiers, and he-asws looks at the Throne, when he-asws would be Commanded to hold it. And he-asws is on the right of the Throne, saying: ‘O Lord-azwj! Fulfil for me-asws what You-azwj Promised me-asws!’
وَ إِنَّهُ لَيَنْظُرُ إِلَى زُوَّارِهِ وَ هُوَ أَعْرَفُ بِهِمْ وَ بِأَسْمَاءِ آبَائِهِمْ وَ بِدَرَجَاتِهِمْ وَ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ أَحَدِكُمْ بِوَلَدِهِ وَ مَا فِي رَحْلِهِ وَ إِنَّهُ لَيَرَى مَنْ يَبْكِيهِ فَيَسْتَغْفِرُ لَهُ رَحْمَةً لَهُ وَ يَسْأَلُ أَبَاهُ الِاسْتِغْفَارَ لَهُ وَ يَقُولُ لَوْ تَعْلَمُ أَيُّهَا الْبَاكِي مَا أُعِدَّ لَكَ لَفَرِحْتَ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا جَزِعْتَ
And he-asws looks at his-asws visitors, and he-asws recognises them, and by the names of their fathers, and by their ranks, and by their statuses in the Presence of Allah-azwj, from one of them by his son, and what (provisions are) in his ride. And he-asws sees the one who cry for him-asws, so he-asws seeks Forgiveness for him, (and) for Mercy for him, and he-asws asks his-asws father-asws for seeking for the Forgiveness for him, and he-asws is saying: ‘If only you knew, O you crying one, what is prepared for you, you would be joyful much more than what you are alarmed about’.
فَلَيَسْتَغْفِرُ لَهُ كُلُّ مَنْ سَمِعَ بُكَاءَهُ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ فِي السَّمَاءِ وَ فِي الْحَائِرِ وَ يَنْقَلِبُ وَ مَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ ذَنْبٍ
There seek Forgiveness for him, everyone who hears his crying, from the Angels in the sky, and in the courtyard, and he returns (from the Ziyarah), and there are no sins upon him’’.[39]
تَرَى الظَّالِمِينَ مُشْفِقِينَ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا وَهُوَ وَاقِعٌ بِهِمْ ۗ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ فِي رَوْضَاتِ الْجَنَّاتِ ۖ لَهُمْ مَا يَشَاءُونَ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ الْفَضْلُ الْكَبِيرُ {22}
You will see the ones unjust fearing from what they have earned and it would befall upon them. And those who believe and do righteous deeds would be in the Gardens of Paradise. For them would be whatever they so desire in the Presence of their Lord. That, it is the great Grace [42:22]
وَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عليه السلام) فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ أَمَّا قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ لَوْ لا كَلِمَةُ الْفَصْلِ لَقُضِيَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَ إِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ لَهُمْ عَذابٌ أَلِيمٌ قَالَ لَوْ لَا مَا تَقَدَّمَ فِيهِمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَا أَبْقَى الْقَائِمُ (عليه السلام) مِنْهُمْ وَاحِداً
And by the above chain (of narrators), who has narrated the following:
Abu Ja’far-asws regarding the Words of the Mighty and Majestic: And had not a Decisive Word preceded, it would have been Decided between them [42:21]. Had it not been for what had preceded among them from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, Al-Qaim-asws would not allow any one of them (with them)’.[40]
علي بن إبراهيم، قال: الكلمة: الإمام، و الدليل على ذلك قوله تعالى: وَ جَعَلَها كَلِمَةً باقِيَةً فِي عَقِبِهِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ [يعني الإمامة]، ثم قال: وَ إِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ يعني الذين ظلموا هذه الكلمة لَهُمْ عَذابٌ أَلِيمٌ
Ali Bin Ibrahim said,
‘The (Decisive) Word is the Imam-asws, and the evidence upon that are the Words of the Exalted: And He Made it a Word to remain in his posterity, perhaps they would be returning [43:28] – Meaning the Imamate.
ثم قال: تَرَى الظَّالِمِينَ لآل محمد حقهم، مُشْفِقِينَ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا، قال: خائفون مما ارتكبوا [و عملوا] وَ هُوَ واقِعٌ بِهِمْ [أي ما يخافونه]
Then He-azwj Said: And surely the ones unjust – Meaning the ones who have been unjust to this (Decisive) Word, for them would be a painful Punishment [42:21]. You will see the ones unjust – to the Progeny-asws of their-asws rights, fearing from what they have earned, said, ‘They are scared of what they had done, and it would befall with them, i.e., what they are afraid of’.[41]
VERSE 23
ذَٰلِكَ الَّذِي يُبَشِّرُ اللَّهُ عِبَادَهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ ۗ قُلْ لَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًا إِلَّا الْمَوَدَّةَ فِي الْقُرْبَىٰ ۗ وَمَنْ يَقْتَرِفْ حَسَنَةً نَزِدْ لَهُ فِيهَا حُسْنًا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ شَكُورٌ {23}
That is the Glad Tidings which Allah Gives to His servants, those who believe and are doing righteous deeds. Say: ‘I do not ask you for recompense over it, except for the cordiality to be for my relatives’. And one who earns good, We will Increase the good for him therein. Surely, Allah is Forgiving, Grateful [42:23]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ وَ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ سَهْلٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ جَمِيعاً عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ وَ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي الدَّيْلَمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) مِنْ حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ نَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ جَبْرَئِيلُ ( عليه السلام ) فَقَالَ يا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ بَلِّغْ ما أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَبِّكَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلْ فَما بَلَّغْتَ رِسالَتَهُ وَ اللَّهُ يَعْصِمُكَ مِنَ النَّاسِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْكافِرِينَ فَنَادَى النَّاسَ فَاجْتَمَعُوا وَ أَمَرَ بِسَمُرَاتٍ فَقُمَّ شَوْكُهُنَّ
Muhammad Bin Al Husayn and someone else, from Sahl, from Muhammad Bin Isa and Muhammad Bin Yahya and Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, altogether from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Ismail Bin Jabir and Abdul Kareem Bin Amro, from Abdul Hameed Bin Abu Al Daylam,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘So when Rasool-Allah-saww returned from the Farewell Hajj, Jibraeel-as descended unto him-saww and said: O you Rasool! Deliver what has been Revealed unto you from your Lord; and if you don’t do so, then you have not delivered His Message, and Allah will Protect you from the people. Surely Allah does not Guide the Kafir people [5:67]. So he-saww called the people, and they gathered, and he-saww ordered with the clearing (of the ground), and the thorns were removed.
ثُمَّ قَالَ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ مَنْ وَلِيُّكُمْ وَ أَوْلَى بِكُمْ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ فَقَالُوا اللَّهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ فَقَالَ مَنْ كُنْتُ مَوْلَاهُ فَعَلِيٌّ مَوْلَاهُ اللَّهُمَّ وَالِ مَنْ وَالَاهُ وَ عَادِ مَنْ عَادَاهُ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ
Then he-saww said: ‘O you people! Who is your guardian and closer with you all than your own selves?’ So they (people) said, ‘Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww!’ So he-saww said: ‘The one whose Master I-saww am, so Ali-asws is his Master. O Allah-azwj! Befriend the one who befriends him-asws and be Inimical to the one who is inimical to him-asws’ – three times.
فَوَقَعَتْ حَسَكَةُ النِّفَاقِ فِي قُلُوبِ الْقَوْمِ وَ قَالُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ هَذَا عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ قَطُّ وَ مَا يُرِيدُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَرْفَعَ بِضَبْعِ ابْنِ عَمِّهِ
So the thorns of hypocrisy occurred in the hearts of the people and they said, ‘Allah-azwj, Majestic is His-azwj Mention has not Revealed this unto Muhammad-saww at all, and he-saww does not intend except to raise the shoulder of his-asws cousin-asws’.
فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ أَتَتْهُ الْأَنْصَارُ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ قَدْ أَحْسَنَ إِلَيْنَا وَ شَرَّفَنَا بِكَ وَ بِنُزُولِكَ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيْنَا فَقَدْ فَرَّحَ اللَّهُ صَدِيقَنَا وَ كَبَّتَ عَدُوَّنَا وَ قَدْ يَأْتِيكَ وُفُودٌ فَلَا تَجِدُ مَا تُعْطِيهِمْ فَيَشْمَتُ بِكَ الْعَدُوُّ فَنُحِبُّ أَنْ تَأْخُذَ ثُلُثَ أَمْوَالِنَا حَتَّى إِذَا قَدِمَ عَلَيْكَ وَفْدُ مَكَّةَ وَجَدْتَ مَا تُعْطِيهِمْ
So when he-as proceeded to Al Medina, the Helpers came to him-saww and they said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! Allah-azwj, Majestic is His-azwj Mention has Favoured upon us and has Ennobled us with you-saww and by your-saww dwelling between our midst. So Allah-azwj has Made our friends happy and our enemies are suppressed, and there come to you delegations, so you-saww do not find what to give them, and the enemies gloat upon you-saww. So we would love it if you-saww were to take a third of our wealth so that when a delegation of Makkah comes over to you-saww, you-saww would find what to give them’.
فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) عَلَيْهِمْ شَيْئاً وَ كَانَ يَنْتَظِرُ مَا يَأْتِيهِ مِنْ رَبِّهِ فَنَزَلَ جَبْرَئِيلُ ( عليه السلام ) وَ قَالَ قُلْ لا أَسْئَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْراً إِلَّا الْمَوَدَّةَ فِي الْقُرْبى وَ لَمْ يَقْبَلْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ
But Rasool-Allah-saww did not respond upon them with anything, and he-saww was awaiting what would be coming from his-saww Lord-azwj. So Jibraeel-as descended and said: ‘Say: ‘I do not ask you for recompense over it, except for the cordiality to be for my relatives [42:23]’, and he-saww did not accept their wealth.
فَقَالَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذَا عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ مَا يُرِيدُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَرْفَعَ بِضَبْعِ ابْنِ عَمِّهِ وَ يَحْمِلَ عَلَيْنَا أَهْلَ بَيْتِهِ يَقُولُ أَمْسِ مَنْ كُنْتُ مَوْلَاهُ فَعَلِيٌّ مَوْلَاهُ وَ الْيَوْمَ قُلْ لا أَسْئَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْراً إِلَّا الْمَوَدَّةَ فِي الْقُرْبى ثُمَّ نَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ آيَةُ الْخُمُسِ فَقَالُوا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُمْ أَمْوَالَنَا وَ فَيْئَنَا
So, the hypocrites said, ‘This has not been Revealed upon Muhammad-saww, and he-saww does not intend except to raise the shoulders of his-saww cousin and load upon us the People-asws of his-saww Household. Yesterday he-saww was saying: ‘The one whose Master I-saww am, so Ali-asws is his Master’, and today: ‘Say: ‘I do not ask you for recompense over it, except for the cordiality to be for my relatives [42:23]’. Then the Verse of Khums was Revealed, so they said, ‘He-saww intends that we give him-saww our wealth, and our war booties’.
ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّكَ قَدْ قَضَيْتَ نُبُوَّتَكَ وَ اسْتَكْمَلْتَ أَيَّامَكَ فَاجْعَلِ الِاسْمَ الْأَكْبَرَ وَ مِيرَاثَ الْعِلْمِ وَ آثَارَ عِلْمِ النُّبُوَّةِ عِنْدَ عَلِيٍّ ( عليه السلام ) فَإِنِّي لَمْ أَتْرُكِ الْأَرْضَ إِلَّا وَ لِيَ فِيهَا عَالِمٌ تُعْرَفُ بِهِ طَاعَتِي وَ تُعْرَفُ بِهِ وَلَايَتِي وَ يَكُونُ حُجَّةً لِمَنْ يُولَدُ بَيْنَ قَبْضِ النَّبِيِّ إِلَى خُرُوجِ النَّبِيِّ الْآخَرِ
Then Jibraeel-as came over to him-saww and he-as said: ‘O Muhammad-saww! (Allah-azwj is Saying): “You-saww have spent your-saww Prophet-hood and completed your-saww days, therefore make the Great Name, and the inherited Knowledge, and the traces (Ahadeeth) of the Knowledge of the Prophet-hood to be with Ali-asws, for I-azwj do not Leave the earth except there is a scholar for Me-azwj in it, by whom My-azwj obedience can be recognised, and by him-asws My-azwj Wilayah can be recognised, and he-asws can happen to be My-azwj Divine Authority to the ones who would be born from the passing away of a Prophet-as to the coming out of another Prophet-as”’.
قَالَ فَأَوْصَى إِلَيْهِ بِالِاسْمِ الْأَكْبَرِ وَ مِيرَاثِ الْعِلْمِ وَ آثَارِ عِلْمِ النُّبُوَّةِ وَ أَوْصَى إِلَيْهِ بِأَلْفِ كَلِمَةٍ وَ أَلْفِ بَابٍ يَفْتَحُ كُلُّ كَلِمَةٍ وَ كُلُّ بَابٍ أَلْفَ كَلِمَةٍ وَ أَلْفَ بَابٍ
He-asws said: ‘So he-saww bequeathed to him-asws with the Great Name, and the inherited Knowledge, and traces (Ahadeeth) of the Knowledge of the Prophet-hood, and bequeathed to him-asws with a thousand words and a thousand topics, with each word and each topic opening a thousand words and a thousand topics’.[42]
The loyal seven
عبد الله بن جعفر الحميري: بإسناده، عن هارون بن مسلم، قال: حدثني مسعدة بن صدقة، قال: حدثني جعفر بن محمد، عن آبائه (عليهم السلام): «لما نزلت هذه الآية على رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) قُلْ لا أَسْئَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْراً إِلَّا الْمَوَدَّةَ فِي الْقُرْبى، قام رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، فقال: أيها الناس، إن الله تبارك و تعالى قد فرض لي عليكم فرضا، فهل أنتم مؤدوه؟ قال: فلم يجبه أحد منهم، فانصرف
Abdullah Bin Ja’far Al Humeyri, from Haroun Bin Muslim, from Mas’adat Bin Sadqa,
(It has been narrated) from Ja’far Bin Muhammad-asws, from his forefathers-asws having said: ‘When this Verse: Say: ‘I do not ask you for recompense over it, except for the cordiality to be for my relatives’ [42:23] – was Revealed unto Rasool-Allah-saww, so Rasool-Allah-saww stood up and said: ‘O you people! Verily Allah-azwj has Obligated upon you all certain Obligations regarding me-saww, so are you going to be its performers?’ He-asws said: ‘But no one from among them answered him-saww, and they left.
فلما كان من الغد قام فيهم فقال مثل ذلك، ثم قام فيهم، و قال [مثل] ذلك في اليوم الثالث، فلم يتكلم أحد، فقال: أيها الناس، إنه ليس من ذهب و لا فضة و لا مطعم و لا مشرب. قالوا: فألقه إذن. قال: إن الله تبارك و تعالى أنزل علي قُلْ لا أَسْئَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْراً إِلَّا الْمَوَدَّةَ فِي الْقُرْبى قالوا: أما هذه فنعم
So when it was the next day, he-saww stood up among them and said similar to that. Then he-saww stood up among them and said similar to that for the third day, but no one spoke’. So he-saww said: ‘O you people! It is not gold, nor silver, nor food, nor drink’. So they said, ‘Then say it’. He-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Revealed unto me-saww: Say: ‘I do not ask you for recompense over it, except for the cordiality to be for my relatives’ [42:23]’. So they said, ‘But if it is this, so yes’.
فقال أبو عبد الله (عليه السلام): «فو الله ما وفى بها إلا سبعة نفر: سلمان، و أبو ذر، و عمار، و المقداد بن الأسود الكندي، و جابر بن عبد الله الأنصاري، و مولى لرسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) يقال له الثبيت، و زيد بن أرقم
So Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘By Allah-azwj! No one was loyal to it except for seven of them – Salman-ra, and Abu Dharr-ra, and Ammar-ra, and Al-Miqdad Bin Al-Aswad Al-Kindy-ra, and Jabir Bin Abdullah Al-Ansary-ra, and a slave of Rasool-Allah-saww called Al-Sabit-ra, and Zayd Bin Arqam-ra’.[43]
The Relatives
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ مُثَنًّى عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى قُلْ لا أَسْئَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْراً إِلَّا الْمَوَدَّةَ فِي الْقُرْبى قَالَ هُمُ الْأَئِمَّةُ ( عليهم السلام )
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad Al Ashary, from Moalla Bin Muhammad, from Al Washha, from Musna, from Zurara, from Abdullah Bin Ajlan,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: Say: ‘I do not ask you for recompense over it, except for the cordiality to be for my relatives [42:23] [42:23]. He-asws said: ‘They-asws (relatives) are the Imams-asws’.[44]
أحمد بن محمد بن خالد البرقي: عن الحسن بن علي الخزاز، عن مثنى الحناط، عن عبد الله بن عجلان، قال: سألت أبا جعفر (عليه السلام) عن قول الله عز و جل: قُلْ لا أَسْئَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْراً إِلَّا الْمَوَدَّةَ فِي الْقُرْبى، قال: «هم الأئمة الذين لا يأكلون الصدقة و لا تحل لهم
Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid Al Barqy, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Al Khazaz, from Masny Al Hanaat, from Abdullah Bin Ajlan who said,
‘I asked Abu Ja’far-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Say: ‘I do not ask you for recompense over it, except for the cordiality to be for my relatives [42:23], he-asws said: ‘They-asws (relatives) are the Imams-asws who do not consume the charity (الصدقة) and it is not Permissible for them-asws’.[45]
ثم قال: و أخبرنا السيد أبو جعفر مهدي بن نزار الحسيني، قال: أخبرنا الحاكم أبو القاسم الحسكاني، قال: حدثنا القاضي أبو بكر الحيري، قال: أخبرنا أبو العباس الضبعي، قال: أخبرنا الحسن بن علي بن زياد السري، قال: أخبرنا يحيى بن عبد الحميد الحماني، قال: أخبرنا حسين الأشقر، قال: أخبرنا قيس عن الأعمش، عن سعيد بن جبير، عن ابن عباس، قال: لما نزلت قُلْ لا أَسْئَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْراً الآية، قالوا: يا رسول الله من هؤلاء الذين أمر الله بمودتهم؟ قال: «علي و فاطمة و ولدها
Then said, ‘And Al Syed Abu Ja’far Al Mahdy Bin Nazaar Al Husayni informed us, from Al Hakim Abu Al Qasim Al Haskany, from Al Qazy Abu Bakr Al Hayry, from Abu Al Abbas Al Zab’ie, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Bin Ziyad Al Saray, from Yahya Bin Abdul Hameed Al Hamany, from Husayn Al Ashqar, from Qays, from Al Amsh, from Saeed Bin Jubeyr,
(It has been narrated) from Ibn Abbas who said, ‘When (the Verse): Say: ‘I do not ask you for recompense over it, except for the cordiality to be for my relatives [42:23], was Revealed, they said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! Who are these whom Allah-azwj has Commanded us for their-asws cordiality?’ He-saww said: ‘Ali-asws, and (Syeda) Fatima-asws and their-asws children-asws’.[46]
وعنه: عن محمد بن يحيى، عن أحمد بن محمد بن عيسى، عن علي بن الحكم، عن إسماعيل ابن عبد الخالق، قال: سمعت أبا عبد الله (عليه السلام) يقول لأبي جعفر الأحول، و أنا أسمع: «أتيت البصرة؟» فقال: نعم. قال: «كيف رأيت مسارعة الناس إلى هذا الأمر، و دخولهم فيه؟» فقال: و الله إنهم لقليل، و قد فعلوا، و إن ذلك لقليل. فقال: «عليك بالأحداث، فإنهم أسرع إلى كل خير
And from him, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Ismail Ibn Abdul Khaliq who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying to Abu Ja’far Ahowl, and I was listening, ‘Did you go to Al Basra?’ He said, ‘Yes’. He-asws said: ‘How did you see the quickness of the people to this matter (Al Wilayah) and their entering into it?’ He said, ‘By Allah-azwj! They are a few, and they had done it, and surely that is only a few’. So he-asws said: ‘Upon you is with the Ahadeeth, and they would be quick to all good’.
ثم قال: «ما يقول أهل البصرة في هذه الآية قُلْ لا أَسْئَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْراً إِلَّا الْمَوَدَّةَ فِي الْقُرْبى؟» قلت: جعلت فداك، إنهم يقولون: [إنها] لأقارب رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)
Then he-asws said: ‘What are the people of Al-Basra saying regarding this Verse: Say: ‘I do not ask you for recompense over it, except for the cordiality to be for my relatives [42:23]?’ I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! They are saying it is for the relatives of Rasool-Allah-saww!’
فقال: «كذبوا، إنما نزلت فينا خاصة، في أهل البيت، في علي و فاطمة و الحسن و الحسين، أصحاب الكساء (عليهم السلام)
So he-asws said: ‘They are lying! But rather, it was Revealed regarding us-asws in particular, regarding the People-asws of the Household, regarding Ali-asws, and Fatima-asws, and Al Hassan-asws, and Al-Husayn-asws – the Companions of the Cloak (صحاب الكساء)’’.[47]
الثعالبي قال: أنبأني عقيل بن محمد، قال: أخبرنا المعافى بن المبتلى، حدثنا محمد بن جرير، حدثني محمد بن عمارة، حدثني إسماعيل بن أبان، حدثنا الصباح بن يحيى المزني، عن السدي، عن أبي الديلم، قال: لما جيء بعلي بن الحسين (صلوات الله عليهما) أسيرا قائما على درج دمشق، قام رجل من أهل الشام، فقال: الحمد لله الذي قتلكم، و استأصل شأفتكم، و قطع قرن الفتنة
Al Sa’alby, from the sons of Aqeel Bin Muhammad, from Al Ma’afy Bin al Mubtala, from Muhammad Bin Jureyr, from Muhammad Bin Amarat, from Ismail Bin Aban, from Al Sabah Bin Yahya Al Mazny, from Al Sady, from Abu Al Daylam who said,
‘When they came with Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws as a captive at the stairway of Damascus, a Syrian man stood up and said, ‘The Praise is due to Allah-azwj Who Killed you-asws, and Eradicated your-asws roots, and Cut off a century of Fitna’.
فقال له علي بن الحسين (صلوات الله عليهما): «أقرأت القرآن؟» قال: نعم. قال: «قرأت آل حم». قال: قرأت القرآن، و لم أقرأ آل حم. قال: «قرأت قُلْ لا أَسْئَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْراً إِلَّا الْمَوَدَّةَ فِي الْقُرْبى؟». قال: لأنتم هم؟ قال: «نعم
Ali-asws Bin Al Husayn-asws said to him: ‘Have you read the Quran?’ He said, ‘Yes’. He-asws said: ‘Have you read The Progeny-asws of Ha Meem (آل حم)?’ He said, ‘I have read the Quran, but I have not read The Progeny-asws of Ha Meem (آل حم)’. He-asws said: ‘Have you read: Say: ‘I do not ask you for recompense over it, except for the cordiality to be for my relatives [42:23]?’ He said, ‘Are you-asws them-asws?’ He-asws said: ‘Yes’.[48]
علي بن إبراهيم، قال: حدثني أبي، عن ابن أبي نجران، عن عاصم بن حميد، عن محمد بن مسلم، قال: سمعت أبا جعفر (عليه السلام) يقول في قول الله: قُلْ لا أَسْئَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْراً إِلَّا الْمَوَدَّةَ فِي الْقُرْبى: «يعني في أهل بيته
Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘My father narrated to me, from Ibn Abu Najran, from Aasim Bin Hameed, from Muhammad Bin Muslim, who said,
‘I heard Abu Ja’far-asws saying regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Say: ‘I do not ask you for recompense over it, except for the cordiality to be for my relatives [42:23]: ‘It Means the people-asws of his-saww Household’.
قال: «جاءت الأنصار إلى رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، فقالوا: إنا قد نصرنا و فعلنا فخذ من أموالنا ما شئت، فأنزل الله: قُلْ لا أَسْئَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْراً إِلَّا الْمَوَدَّةَ فِي الْقُرْبى يعني في أهل بيته
He-asws said: ‘The Helpers came to Rasool-Allah-saww, so they said, ‘We have been victorious in our actions, so take from our wealth whatsoever you-saww like to’. Thus Allah-azwj Revealed: Say: ‘I do not ask you for recompense over it, except for the cordiality to be for my relatives [42:23] – Meaning with regards to the people-asws of his-saww Household.
ثم قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) بعد ذلك: من حبس أجيرا أجره فعليه لعنة الله و الملائكة و الناس أجمعين، لا يقبل الله منه يوم القيامة صرفا و لا عدلا، و هو محبة آل محمد
Then Rasool-Allah-saww said after that: ‘The one who withholds this recompense, so upon him are the Curses of Allah-azwj and His-azwj Angels, and of all the people put together. Allah-azwj will not Accept from him on the Day of Judgement, only and just the love of the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww’.
ثم قال: «وَ مَنْ يَقْتَرِفْ حَسَنَةً نَزِدْ لَهُ فِيها حُسْناً و هي [إقرار] الإمامة لهم، و الإحسان إليهم، و برهم وصلتهم نَزِدْ لَهُ فِيها حُسْناً أي نكافئ على ذلك بالإحسان
Then he-asws said: ‘And one who earns good, We will Increase the good for him therein [42:23], and it is the acceptance of their-asws Imamate, and the goodness towards them-asws, and being righteous with them-asws, and maintaining good relations with them-asws – We will Increase the good for him therein [42:23], i.e., We-azwj will Reward him upon that with the goodness’.[49]
عنه، عن الهيثم بن عبد الله النهدي، عن العباس بن عامر القصير، عن حجاج الخشاب، قال: سمعت أبا عبد الله عليه السلام يقول لابي جعفر الاحول: ما يقول من عندكم في قول الله تبارك وتعالى؟ – ” قل لا أسألكم عليه أجرا الا المودة في القربى. ” فقال: كان الحسن البصري يقول: في أقربائي من العرب
From him, from Al Haysam Bin Abdullah Al Nahdy, from Al Abbas Bin Aamir Al Qaysar, from Hajaaj Al Khashaab who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying to Abu Ja’far Al-Ahowl: ‘What are they saying in your presence regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted: Say: ‘I do not ask you for recompense over it, except for the cordiality to be for my relatives [42:23]?’ He said, ‘Al-Hassan Al-Basry was saying, ‘It is regarding the near relatives from the Arabs’.
فقال أبو عبد الله عليه السلام: لكنى أقول لقريش الذين عندنا: هي لنا خاصة، فيقولون: هي لنا ولكم عامة
So, Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘But I-asws am saying among the Quraysh who are in our-asws presence: ‘It is for us-asws in particular’, and they are saying, ‘It is for us and for you-asws generally’.
فأقول: خبروني عن النبي صلى الله عليه وآله، إذا نزلت به شديدة من خص بها؟ أليس ايانا خص بها؟ حين أراد أن يلاعن أهل نجران أخذ بيد علي وفاطمة والحسن والحسين عليهم السلام، ويوم بدر قال لعلي وحمزة وعبيدة بن الحارث قال: فأبوا يقرون لي، أفلكم الحلو، ولنا المر؟
So I-asws am saying: ‘Inform me-asws about the Prophet-saww, whenever a difficulty descended upon him-saww, who was specialised for it? Were we-asws not meant to be specialised with it? When Rasool Allah-saww intended to curse the people of Najran, he-saww grabbed the hand of Ali-asws, and (Syeda) Fatima-asws, and Al-Hassan-asws, and Al-Husayn-asws. And on the Day of Badr he-saww said to Ali-asws, and Hamza, and Ubeyda Bin Al-Haaris: ‘They have refused to accept me-saww’. So for you is the sweet, and for us-asws is the bitter?’[50]
For those who do not accept the Imams-asws is the imprecation
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ عَنْ أَبِي مَسْرُوقٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قُلْتُ إِنَّا نُكَلِّمُ النَّاسَ فَنَحْتَجُّ عَلَيْهِمْ بِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَ أَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَ أُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ فَيَقُولُونَ نَزَلَتْ فِي أُمَرَاءِ السَّرَايَا
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Muhammad Bin Hakeym, from Abu Masrouq,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I said, ‘We speak to the people, so we argue against them by the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic O you who believe! Obey Allah and obey the Rasool and those with (Divine) Authority from you [4:59]. But, they are saying, ‘It was Revealed regarding the commanders of the battalions’.
فَنَحْتَجُّ عَلَيْهِمْ بِقَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِنَّما وَلِيُّكُمُ اللَّهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ فَيَقُولُونَ نَزَلَتْ فِي الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ نَحْتَجُّ عَلَيْهِمْ بِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قُلْ لا أَسْئَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْراً إِلَّا الْمَوَدَّةَ فِي الْقُرْبى فَيَقُولُونَ نَزَلَتْ فِي قُرْبَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ
So we argue against them by the Words of the Mighty and Majestic But rather, only Allah is your Guardian and His Rasool [5:55] – up to the end of the Verse. But they are saying, ‘It was Revealed regarding the Momineen’. And we are arguing against them by the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Say: ‘I do not ask you for recompense over it, except for the cordiality to be for my relatives [42:23]. But they are saying, ‘It was Revealed regarding the relatives of the Muslims’.
قَالَ فَلَمْ أَدَعْ شَيْئاً مِمَّا حَضَرَنِي ذِكْرُهُ مِنْ هَذِهِ وَ شِبْهِهِ إِلَّا ذَكَرْتُهُ فَقَالَ لِي إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى الْمُبَاهَلَةِ قُلْتُ وَ كَيْفَ أَصْنَعُ
He (the narrator) said, ‘So I did not leave anything for whatever presented to me, remembering it from these (arguments) and the likes of it, except that I mentioned it. So he-asws said to me: ‘When it was like that, so call them to the (Mubahila) imprecation’. I said, ‘And how should I deal with it?’
قَالَ أَصْلِحْ نَفْسَكَ ثَلَاثاً وَ أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ وَ صُمْ وَ اغْتَسِلْ وَ ابْرُزْ أَنْتَ وَ هُوَ إِلَى الْجَبَّانِ فَشَبِّكْ أَصَابِعَكَ مِنْ يَدِكَ الْيُمْنَى فِي أَصَابِعِهِ ثُمَّ أَنْصِفْهُ وَ ابْدَأْ بِنَفْسِكَ وَ قُلِ اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ السَّمَاوَاتِ السَّبْعِ وَ رَبَّ الْأَرَضِينَ السَّبْعِ عَالِمَ الْغَيْبِ وَ الشَّهَادَةِ الرَّحْمَنَ الرَّحِيمَ إِنْ كَانَ أَبُو مَسْرُوقٍ جَحَدَ حَقّاً وَ ادَّعَى بَاطِلًا فَأَنْزِلْ عَلَيْهِ حُسْبَاناً مِنَ السَّمَاءِ أَوْ عَذَاباً أَلِيماً
He-asws said: ‘Correct soul for three (days)’, and I think he-asws said: ‘And Fast, wash, and you and him go to the mountain, so intertwine (crisscross) your fingers from your right hand in his fingers, then be fair with him, and begin with yourself and say, ‘O Allah-azwj! Lord-azwj of the seven skies and Lord-azwj of the seven earths, Knower of the unseen and the seen, the Beneficent, the Merciful. If Abu Masrouq (the narrator himself) is denying the Truth and is claiming falsehood, so Send down upon him a thunderbolt from the sky, or a painful Punishment’.
ثُمَّ رُدَّ الدَّعْوَةَ عَلَيْهِ فَقُلْ وَ إِنْ كَانَ فُلَانٌ جَحَدَ حَقّاً وَ ادَّعَى بَاطِلًا فَأَنْزِلْ عَلَيْهِ حُسْبَاناً مِنَ السَّمَاءِ أَوْ عَذَاباً أَلِيماً
Then return the supplication upon him, so say, ‘And if so and so is denying the truth and claiming falsehood, so Send down upon him a thunderbolt from the sky or a painful Punishment’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَلْبَثُ أَنْ تَرَى ذَلِكَ فِيهِ فَوَ اللَّهِ مَا وَجَدْتُ خَلْقاً يُجِيبُنِي إِلَيْهِ
Then he-asws said to me: ‘So it won’t be long before you see that in him, for by Allah-azwj, I-asws have not found any creature who will answer me-asws to it (the imprecation)’.[51]
Cordiality of the People-asws of the Household is an Obligation
عنه، عن أبيه، عمن حدثه، عن اسحاق بن عمار، عن محمد بن مسلم، قال: سمعت أبا عبد الله عليه السلام يقول: ان الرجل يحب الرجل ويبغض ولده، فأبى الله عز وجل الا أن يجعل حبنا مفترضا أخذه من أخذه وتركه من تركه واجبا، فقال: ” قل لا أسألكم عليه أجرا الا المودة في القربى
From him, from his father, from the one who narrated it, from Is’haq Bin Amaar, from Muhammad Bin Muslim who said,
‘I heard Abu Ja’far-asws saying: ‘The man loves the man but hates his children, but Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Refused and Made loving us-asws as a Necessity. The one who took it, took it (an Obligation), and the one who neglected it, neglected it, an Obligation. Thus He-azwj Said: Say: ‘I do not ask you for recompense over it, except for the cordiality to be for my relatives [42:23]’.[52]
عنه، عن ابن محبوب، عن أبي جعفر الاحول، عن سلام بن المستنير، قال: سألت أبا جعفر عليه السلام عن قول الله عزوجل ” قل لا أسألكم عليه أجرا الا المودة في القربى فقال: هي والله فريضة من الله على العباد لمحمد صلى الله عليه وآله في أهل بيته
From him, from Ibn Mahboub, from Abu Ja’far Al Ahowl, from Salaam Bin Mustaneer who said,
‘I asked Abu Ja’far-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Say: ‘I do not ask you for recompense over it, except for the cordiality to be for my relatives [42:23], so he-asws said: ‘By Allah-azwj! It is an Obligation from Allah-azwj upon the servants to Muhammad-saww with regards to the People-asws of his-saww Household’.[53]
Consequences of not accepting the Obligation of cordiality
ثم قال: و أخبرنا السيد أبو جعفر، قال: أخبرنا الحاكم أبو القاسم بالإسناد المذكور في كتاب (شواهد التنزيل لقواعد التفضيل) مرفوعا إلى أبي أمامة الباهلي، قال: قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): «إن الله تعالى خلق الأنبياء من أشجار شتى، و خلقت أنا و علي من شجرة واحدة، فأنا أصلها، و علي فرعها، [و فاطمة لقاحها]، و الحسن و الحسين ثمارها، و أشياعنا أوراقها، فمن تعلق بغصن من أغصانها نجا، و من زاغ عنها هوى
Then said, ‘And Al Syed Abu Ja’far informed us saying, ‘Al Hakim Abu Al Qasim informed us by the chain mentioned in the book Shawaheed Al Tanzeel Li Qawaaid Al Tafzeel, raising it up to Abu Amama Al Bahily who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj Created the Prophets-as from various Trees, and Created me-saww and Ali-asws from one Tree. So I-saww am its origin, and Ali-asws is its branch, and (Syeda) Fatima-asws is its sap, and Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws are its fruits, and our-asws Shias are its leaves. So the one who attaches himself to one of its branches is saved, and the one who alienates from it has fallen.
و لو أن عبدا عبد الله بين الصفا و المروة ألف عام ثم ألف عام ثم ألف عام حتى يصير كالشن البالي، ثم لم يدرك محبتنا، أكبه الله على منخريه في النار. ثم تلا قُلْ لا أَسْئَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْراً إِلَّا الْمَوَدَّةَ فِي الْقُرْبى
Even if a servant was to worship between Al-Safa and Al-Marwa for a thousand years, then a thousand years, then a thousand years until he becomes obsolete, then he does not become aware of our-asws love, Allah-azwj would Pull him by his nostril into the Fire’. Then he-saww recited: Say: ‘I do not ask you for recompense over it, except for the cordiality to be for my relatives [42:23]’.[54]
Rewards of accepting the Cordiality
وقد جاء في مودتهم فضل كثير: منه ما روي عنه صلى الله عليه وآله أنه قال: أنا شافع يوم القيامة لاربعة أصناف ولو جاؤوا بذنوب أهل الدنيا: رجل نصر ذريتي، ورجل بذل ماله لذريتي عند الضيق، ورجل أحب ذريتي باللسان والقلب، ورجل سعى في حوائج ذريتي إذا طردوا أو شردو
And there has come a lot regarding their-asws cordiality, from it is what is reported from him-saww having said: ‘I-saww would intercede on the Day of Judgment for our types (of people), and even if they come with sin of (all) the people of the world – A man who helps my-saww offspring, and a man who spends his wealth for my-saww offspring during the hardship, and a man who loves my-saww offspring with the tongue and the heart, and a man who strives regarding the needs of my-saww offspring when they are either expelled or frightened away’’.[55]
Earning good
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى وَ مَنْ يَقْتَرِفْ حَسَنَةً نَزِدْ لَهُ فِيها حُسْناً قَالَ الِاقْتِرَافُ التَّسْلِيمُ لَنَا وَ الصِّدْقُ عَلَيْنَا وَ أَلَّا يَكْذِبَ عَلَيْنَا
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moalla Bin Muhammad, from Al Washa, from Aban, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted: And one who earns good, We will Increase the good for him therein [42:23]. He-asws said: ‘The earning, is the submission to us-asws, and the truthfulness upon us-asws, and that he would not be lying upon us-asws’.[56]
محمد بن العباس، قال: حدثنا الحسن بن محمد بن يحيى العلوي، عن أبي محمد إسماعيل بن محمد بن إسحاق بن جعفر بن محمد، قال: حدثني عمي علي بن جعفر، عن الحسين بن زيد، عن أبيه، عن جده (عليهم السلام) قال: خطب الحسن بن علي بن أبي طالب (عليهما السلام) حين قتل علي (عليه السلام)، ثم قال: «و إنا من أهل بيت افترض الله مودتهم على كل مسلم حيث يقول: قُلْ لا أَسْئَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْراً إِلَّا الْمَوَدَّةَ فِي الْقُرْبى وَ مَنْ يَقْتَرِفْ حَسَنَةً نَزِدْ لَهُ فِيها حُسْناً فاقتراف الحسنة مودتنا أهل البيت
Muhammad Bin Al Abbas, from Al Hassan Bin Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Alawy, from Abu Muhammad Ismail Bin Muhammad Bin Is’haq Bin Ja’far Bin Muhammad, from the uncle of Ali Bin Ja’far, from Al Husayn Bin Zayd, from his father, from his grandfather who said,
‘Al-Hassan-asws Bin Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws gave a sermon when Ali-asws was murdered, saying: ‘And I-asws am from the People-asws of the Household whose cordiality Allah-azwj has Obligated upon every Muslim where He-azwj is Saying: Say: ‘I do not ask you for recompense over it, except for the cordiality to be for my relatives’. And one who earns good, We will Increase the good for him therein. Surely Allah is Forgiving, Grateful [42:23]. So the earning of the good is (to have) our-asws cordiality, of the People-asws of the Household’.[57]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عليه السلام) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ مَنْ يَقْتَرِفْ حَسَنَةً نَزِدْ لَهُ فِيها حُسْناً قَالَ مَنْ تَوَلَّى الْأَوْصِيَاءَ مِنْ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ اتَّبَعَ آثَارَهُمْ فَذَاكَ يَزِيدُهُ وَلَايَةَ مَنْ مَضَى مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ حَتَّى تَصِلَ وَلَايَتُهُمْ إِلَى آدَمَ (عليه السلام) وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَنْ جاءَ بِالْحَسَنَةِ فَلَهُ خَيْرٌ مِنْها
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al-Abbas, from Ali Bin Hammad, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir, who has narrated the following:
‘Abu Ja’far-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: And one who earns good, We will Increase the good for him therein [42:23], said; ‘The one who befriends the successors-asws from the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww, and follows their-asws footsteps, so that increases for him the Wilayah of the ones from the past from the Prophets-as and the former Momineen until their Wilayah arrives to Adam-as, and these are the Words of Allah-azwj: One who comes with the good deed, for him would be better than it [27:89].
يُدْخِلُهُ الْجَنَّةَ وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قُلْ ما سَأَلْتُكُمْ مِنْ أَجْرٍ فَهُوَ لَكُمْ يَقُولُ أَجْرُ الْمَوَدَّةِ الَّذِي لَمْ أَسْأَلْكُمْ غَيْرَهُ فَهُوَ لَكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ بِهِ وَ تَنْجُونَ مِنْ عَذَابِ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ
He-azwj will Enter him into the Paradise, and these are the Words of Allah-azwj: ‘Whatever recompense I ask you for, so it is for yourselves [34:47]. He-saww is saying that the recompense of the cordiality (أَجْرُ الْمَوَدَّةِ) which I-saww never asked for anything other than it, so it is for you to be Guided by it, and to be Rescued by it from the Punishment on the Day of Judgement’.[58]
VERSES 24 – 26
أَمْ يَقُولُونَ افْتَرَىٰ عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا ۖ فَإِنْ يَشَإِ اللَّهُ يَخْتِمْ عَلَىٰ قَلْبِكَ ۗ وَيَمْحُ اللَّهُ الْبَاطِلَ وَيُحِقُّ الْحَقَّ بِكَلِمَاتِهِ ۚ إِنَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ {24}
Or are they saying, He has fabricated a lie upon Allah? But if Allah so Desires, He would Seal upon your heart, and Allah Deletes the falsehood and Confirms the Truth with His Word. He is All-Knowing with the contents of the chests [42:24]
وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ وَيَعْفُو عَنِ السَّيِّئَاتِ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا تَفْعَلُونَ {25}
And He is the One Who Accepts the repentance from His servants, and He Pardons from the evil deeds, and He Knows what you are doing [42:25]
وَيَسْتَجِيبُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَيَزِيدُهُمْ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ۚ وَالْكَافِرُونَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌ {26}
And He Answers those who believe and do righteous deeds, and Increases them from His Grace; and for the Kafirs, there would be severe Punishment [42:26]
Reaction of the companions to the Verse of Cordiality
[ الفضل الطبرسي ] ذكر أبو حمزة الثمالي في تفسيره: حدثني عثمان بن عمير عن سعيد بن جبير عن عبد الله بن عباس ان رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله) حين قدم المدينة واستحكم الإسلام قالت الأنصار فيما بينها: نأتي رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله) فنقول له إن تعرك امور فهذه أموالنا تحكم فيها من غير حرج ولا محظور عليك فأتوه في ذلك فنزلت * (قل لا أسئلكم عليه أجرا إلا المودة في القربى) *
Al Fazal Al Tabarsy mentioned Abu Hamza Al Sumaly in this Tafseer saying, ‘Usman Bin Umeyr narrated to me, from Saeed Bin Jubeyr, from Abdullah Bin Abbas that,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww, when he-saww proceeded to Al-Medina and Al-Islam became strong, the Helpers said regarding what was in between them, ‘We should go to Rasool-Allah-saww and say to him-saww ‘You have fought for these affairs, so here is our wealth, you-saww judge with regards to this without any fault or hindrance to you-saww (i.e., take whatever you-saww want)’. So they came to him-saww with regards to that, thus (the Verse) Say: ‘I do not ask you for recompense over it, except for the cordiality to be for my relatives [42:23], was revealed’.
فقرأها عليهم وقال: تودون قرابتي من بعدي فخرجوا من عنده مسلمين لقوله، فقال المنافقون: إن هذا لشئ افتراه في مجلسه أراد بذلك أن يذللنا لقرابته من بعده فنزلت * (أم يقولون افترى على الله كذبا) *
Rasool-Allah-saww recited it to them and said: ‘Be cordial to my-saww near relatives from after me-saww’. They went out from him-saww having submitted to his-saww words. But the hypocrites said, ‘This is something which has been forged in his-saww gathering intending by that to he-saww would humiliate us (in favour of) his-saww near relatives from after him-saww’. Thus, it was Revealed: Or are they saying, He has fabricated a lie upon Allah? [42:24].
فأرسل إليهم فتلاها عليهم فبكوا واشتد عليهم فأنزل الله * (وهو الذى يقبل التوبة عن عباده) * الآية،
Rasool-Allah-saww sent for them, and recited it to (some of) them. They (non-hypocrites) cried intensely to Rasool-Allah-saww, and so Allah-azwj Revealed: And He is the One Who Accepts the repentance from His servants [42:25] – the Verse.
فأرسل في أثرهم فبشرهم وقال: * (ويستجيب الذين ءامنوا) * وهم الذين سلموا لقوله
So Rasool-Allah-saww sent a message after them and gave them the good news and said: And He Answers those who believe [42:26] – and they were the ones who submitted to Rasool-Allah-saww’s words’.[59]
عَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى وَ يَسْتَجِيبُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ عَمِلُوا الصَّالِحاتِ وَ يَزِيدُهُمْ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ قَالَ هُوَ الْمُؤْمِنُ يَدْعُو لِأَخِيهِ بِظَهْرِ الْغَيْبِ فَيَقُولُ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ آمِينَ وَ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ الْعَزِيزُ الْجَبَّارُ وَ لَكَ مِثْلَا مَا سَأَلْتَ وَ قَدْ أُعْطِيتَ مَا سَأَلْتَ بِحُبِّكَ إِيَّاهُ
From him, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Sayf Bin Ameyra, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws regarding the Words of the Blessed and Exalted: And He Answers those who believe and do righteous deeds, and Increases them from His Grace. He-asws said: ‘He is the Momin supplicating for his brother in his absence, so the Angels is saying, ‘Ameen’, to him, and Allah-azwj the Mighty, the Compeller is Saying: ‘And for you is the like of what you asked for, and I-azwj have Given you what you asked for due to your love for him’.[60]
VERSE 27
وَلَوْ بَسَطَ اللَّهُ الرِّزْقَ لِعِبَادِهِ لَبَغَوْا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَٰكِنْ يُنَزِّلُ بِقَدَرٍ مَا يَشَاءُ ۚ إِنَّهُ بِعِبَادِهِ خَبِيرٌ بَصِيرٌ {27}
And if Allah was to Amplify the sustenance to His servants, they would rebel in the land. But, He Sends down in a measurement what He so Desires to. He is Aware, Insightful with His servants [42:27]
علي بن إبراهيم: قوله تعالى: وَ لَوْ بَسَطَ اللَّهُ الرِّزْقَ لِعِبادِهِ لَبَغَوْا فِي الْأَرْضِ قال: قال الصادق (عليه السلام): «لو فعل لفعلوا، و لكن جعلهم محتاجين بعضهم إلى بعض و استعبدهم بذلك، و لو جعلهم كلهم أغنياء لبغوا في الأرض وَ لكِنْ يُنَزِّلُ بِقَدَرٍ ما يَشاءُ مما يعلم أنه يصلحهم في دينهم و دنياهم إِنَّهُ بِعِبادِهِ خَبِيرٌ بَصِيرٌ
Ali Bin Ibrahim –
The Words of the Exalted: And if Allah was to Amplify the sustenance to His servants, they would rebel in the land [42:27], said, ‘Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘Had He-azwj Done it, they would have done it, but, He-azwj Made some of them to be needy to the others, and Enslaved them by that. Had He-azwj Made all of them to be needless, they would have rebelled in the earth, But, He Sends down in a measurement what He so Desires to [42:27] – from what He-azwj Knows what is correct for them in their Religion and their world, He is Aware, Insightful with His servants [42:27] ’.[61]
VERSE 28
وَهُوَ الَّذِي يُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا قَنَطُوا وَيَنْشُرُ رَحْمَتَهُ ۚ وَهُوَ الْوَلِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ {28}
And He is the One Who Sends the rain from after their despair, and He Spreads His Mercy, and He is the Guardian, the Praised One [42:28]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ السِّنْدِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ عَنْ رُزَيْقٍ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ (عليه السلام) قَالَ أَتَى قَوْمٌ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ (صلى الله عليه وآله) فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ بِلَادَنَا قَدْ قُحِطَتْ وَ تَوَالَتِ السِّنُونَ عَلَيْنَا فَادْعُ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى يُرْسِلِ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْنَا
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Saleh Bin Al-Sandy, from Ja’far Bin basher, from Ruzeyq Abu Al-Abbas, who has narrated the following:
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘The people came to the Rasool Allah-saww, and they said, ‘O Rasool Allah-saww! Our towns have drought and it has prevailed upon us for years. So supplicate to Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted to Send the sky (to rain) upon us’.
فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ (صلى الله عليه وآله) بِالْمِنْبَرِ فَأُخْرِجَ وَ اجْتَمَعَ النَّاسُ فَصَعِدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ (صلى الله عليه وآله) وَ دَعَا وَ أَمَرَ النَّاسَ أَنْ يُؤَمِّنُوا
Rasool Allah-saww ordered for the Pulpit. They brought it out, and the people gathered. The Rasool Allah-saww ascended and supplicated, and ordered the people to say ‘Ameen’.
فَلَمْ يَلْبَثْ أَنْ هَبَطَ جَبْرَئِيلُ فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَخْبِرِ النَّاسَ أَنَّ رَبَّكَ قَدْ وَعَدَهُمْ أَنْ يُمْطَرُوا يَوْمَ كَذَا وَ كَذَا وَ سَاعَةَ كَذَا وَ كَذَا فَلَمْ يَزَلِ النَّاسُ يَنْتَظِرُونَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ وَ تِلْكَ السَّاعَةَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَتْ تِلْكَ السَّاعَةُ أَهَاجَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ رِيحاً فَأَثَارَتْ سَحَاباً وَ جَلَّلَتِ السَّمَاءَ وَ أَرْخَتْ عَزَالِيَهَا
It was not long before Jibraeel-as descended and said: ‘O Muhammad-saww! Inform the people that your-saww Lord-azwj has Promised to them that He-azwj would Make it rain on such and such a day, and at such and such a time’. So the people did not cease to look out for that day and that particular time, until that time came up. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Excited a wind, and it raised clouds which covered the sky, and released the rain.
فَجَاءَ أُولَئِكَ النَّفَرُ بِأَعْيَانِهِمْ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ (صلى الله عليه وآله) فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ادْعُ اللَّهَ لَنَا أَنْ يَكُفَّ السَّمَاءَ عَنَّا فَإِنَّا كِدْنَا أَنْ نَغْرَقَ فَاجْتَمَعَ النَّاسُ وَ دَعَا النَّبِيُّ (صلى الله عليه وآله) وَ أَمَرَ النَّاسَ أَنْ يُؤَمِّنُوا عَلَى دُعَائِهِ
Then those individuals came with their rich ones to the Prophet-saww. They said, ‘O Rasool Allah-saww, Supplicate to Allah-azwj for us to withhold the sky (stop the rain) from us, for we are about to drown. So the people gathered, and the Prophet-saww supplicated, and ordered the people that they should say ‘Ameen’ upon his-saww supplication.
فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَسْمِعْنَا فَإِنَّ كُلَّ مَا تَقُولُ لَيْسَ نَسْمَعُ فَقَالَ قُولُوا اللَّهُمَّ حَوَالَيْنَا وَ لَا عَلَيْنَا اللَّهُمَّ صُبَّهَا فِي بُطُونِ الْأَوْدِيَةِ وَ فِي نَبَاتِ الشَّجَرِ وَ حَيْثُ يَرْعَى أَهْلُ الْوَبَرِ اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْهَا رَحْمَةً وَ لَا تَجْعَلْهَا عَذَاباً
A man from the people said, ‘O Rasool Allah-saww, make us hear it, for all what you-saww are saying, we cannot hear’. So he-saww said; ‘Say, ‘O Allah-azwj! Around us and not upon us. O Allah-azwj! Let it pour in the middle of the valleys, and in the growth of the trees, and where the shepherds pasture. O Allah-azwj! Make it to be a Mercy, and do not Make it to be a Punishment!’[62]
VERSES 29 – 31
وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ خَلْقُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَثَّ فِيهِمَا مِنْ دَابَّةٍ ۚ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ جَمْعِهِمْ إِذَا يَشَاءُ قَدِيرٌ {29}
And from His Signs is the Creation of the skies and the earth and whatever from the animals Allah Spreads therein, and He is Able upon the entirety of them, when He so Desires [42:29]
أَوَلَمْ يَرَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ كَانَتَا رَتْقًا فَفَتَقْنَاهُمَا ۖ وَجَعَلْنَا مِنَ الْمَاءِ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَيٍّ ۖ أَفَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ {30}
Or do they not see, those who are committing Kufr, that the skies and the earth were joined up, and We Separated them? And We Made from the water, all living things, so will they not believe? [21:30]
عَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ دَاوُدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ قَالَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عليه السلام) مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ مِنْ عُلَمَائِهِمْ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ جِئْتُ أَسْأَلُكَ عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ قَدْ أَعْيَتْ عَلَيَّ أَنْ أَجِدَ أَحَداً يُفَسِّرُهَا وَ قَدْ سَأَلْتُ عَنْهَا ثَلَاثَةَ أَصْنَافٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ كُلُّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهُمْ شَيْئاً غَيْرَ الَّذِي قَالَ الصِّنْفُ الْآخَرُ
From him, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al-Husayn Bin Saeed, from Muhammad Bin Dawood from Muhammad Bin Atiyya who said:
‘A man from the scholars of the people of Syria came up to Abu Ja’far-asws. He said, ‘O Abu Ja’far-asws, I have come to ask you-asws a question which has exhausted me in finding one who could explain it to me, and I have asked three kinds of the people about it, so each type from them said something other than what the other one said’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ (عليه السلام) مَا ذَاكَ
So Abu Ja’far-asws said to him: ‘What would that be?’
قَالَ فَإِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ عَنْ أَوَّلِ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ فَإِنَّ بَعْضَ مَنْ سَأَلْتُهُ قَالَ الْقَدَرُ وَ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمُ الْقَلَمُ وَ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمُ الرُّوحُ
He said, ‘I ask you-asws about the first thing what Allah-azwj Created from His-azwj creatures, for some of the ones I asked said it was the Destiny, and some of them said it was the Pen, and some of them said it was the Spirit’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ (عليه السلام) مَا قَالُوا شَيْئاً أُخْبِرُكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى كَانَ وَ لَا شَيْءَ غَيْرَهُ وَ كَانَ عَزِيزاً وَ لَا أَحَدَ كَانَ قَبْلَ عِزِّهِ وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ سُبْحانَ رَبِّكَ رَبِّ الْعِزَّةِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ وَ كَانَ الْخَالِقُ قَبْلَ الْمَخْلُوقِ وَ لَوْ كَانَ أَوَّلُ مَا خَلَقَ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ الشَّيْءَ مِنَ الشَّيْءِ إِذاً لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ انْقِطَاعٌ أَبَداً وَ لَمْ يَزَلِ اللَّهُ إِذاً وَ مَعَهُ شَيْءٌ لَيْسَ هُوَ يَتَقَدَّمُهُ وَ لَكِنَّهُ كَانَ إِذْ لَا شَيْءَ غَيْرَهُ
So Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘They have not said anything. I-asws hereby inform you that Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Existed and there was nothing other than Him-azwj, and He-azwj was Mighty and there was no one who was mighty before Him-azwj, and these are is His-azwj Words: Glorious is your Lord, the Lord of Might, from what they are ascribing [37:180], and He-azwj was the Creator before the creation, and Had He-azwj Created something from His-azwj Creation, something from something, then there would be no termination from it ever (the chain – as people think as per the Big Bang theory), and it would never cease if Allah-azwj had something with Him-azwj and He-azwj did not precede it. But He-azwj Existed when there was nothing other than Him-azwj.
وَ خَلَقَ الشَّيْءَ الَّذِي جَمِيعُ الْأَشْيَاءِ مِنْهُ وَ هُوَ الْمَاءُ الَّذِي خَلَقَ الْأَشْيَاءَ مِنْهُ فَجَعَلَ نَسَبَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ إِلَى الْمَاءِ وَ لَمْ يَجْعَلْ لِلْمَاءِ نَسَباً يُضَافُ إِلَيْهِ وَ خَلَقَ الرِّيحَ مِنَ الْمَاءِ ثُمَّ سَلَّطَ الرِّيحَ عَلَى الْمَاءِ فَشَقَّقَتِ الرِّيحُ مَتْنَ الْمَاءِ حَتَّى ثَارَ مِنَ الْمَاءِ زَبَدٌ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا شَاءَ أَنْ يَثُورَ فَخَلَقَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الزَّبَدِ أَرْضاً بَيْضَاءَ نَقِيَّةً لَيْسَ فِيهَا صَدْعٌ وَ لَا ثَقْبٌ وَ لَا صُعُودٌ وَ لَا هُبُوطٌ وَ لَا شَجَرَةٌ ثُمَّ طَوَاهَا فَوَضَعَهَا فَوْقَ الْمَاءِ
And He-azwj Created the thing from which are all things, and it is the water from which He-azwj Created the things. So He-azwj Made lineage everything to the water and did not Make a lineage for the water to which it can be ascribed. And He-azwj Created the wind from the water, then Made the wind to overcome the water. So the wind sent down into the body of the water until foam swirled from the water in accordance with what He-azwj so Desired it to swirl. So He-azwj Created from that foam, pure white land with no crack in it, nor any holes, neither ascending nor descending, and no tree. Then He-azwj Folded it, so He-azwj Placed it on top of the water.
ثُمَّ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ النَّارَ مِنَ الْمَاءِ فَشَقَّقَتِ النَّارُ مَتْنَ الْمَاءِ حَتَّى ثَارَ مِنَ الْمَاءِ دُخَانٌ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَثُورَ فَخَلَقَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الدُّخَانِ سَمَاءً صَافِيَةً نَقِيَّةً لَيْسَ فِيهَا صَدْعٌ وَ لَا ثَقْبٌ وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ السَّماءُ بَناها رَفَعَ سَمْكَها فَسَوَّاها وَ أَغْطَشَ لَيْلَها وَ أَخْرَجَ ضُحاها
Then Allah-azwj Created the fire from the water, so the fire bust out of the body of the water until smoke arose from the water in accordance with Allah-azwj so Desired it to rise. So He-azwj Created from that smoke, clear and pure sky in which there were no cracks nor any holes, and these are His-azwj Words: Surely in that is a lesson for one who fears [79:26] Are you the harder to create or the sky? He Built it [79:27] He Raised its ceiling, then Evened it [79:28] And He Covered its night and Extracted its brightness [79:29].
قَالَ وَ لَا شَمْسٌ وَ لَا قَمَرٌ وَ لَا نُجُومٌ وَ لَا سَحَابٌ ثُمَّ طَوَاهَا فَوَضَعَهَا فَوْقَ الْأَرْضِ ثُمَّ نَسَبَ الْخَلِيقَتَيْنِ فَرَفَعَ السَّمَاءَ قَبْلَ الْأَرْضِ فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ ذِكْرُهُ وَ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ ذلِكَ دَحاها يَقُولُ بَسَطَهَا
He-asws said: ‘And there was neither a sun, nor a moon, nor stars nor clouds. Then He-azwj Folded it and Placed it upon the earth, then Established two creations. Then He-azwj Raised the sky before the earth, so that is His-azwj Words, Mighty is His-azwj Mention: And the earth, He Expanded it after that [79:30] . He-azwj is Saying that He-azwj Spread it out’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ الشَّامِيُّ يَا أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى أَ وَ لَمْ يَرَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ كانَتا رَتْقاً فَفَتَقْناهُما
So the Syrian said to him-asws, ‘O Abu Ja’far-asws, the Words of Allah-azwj the Exalted: Or do they not see, those who are committing Kufr, that the skies and the earth were joined up, and We Separated them? [21:30]’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ (عليه السلام) فَلَعَلَّكَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُمَا كَانَتَا رَتْقاً مُلْتَزِقَتَيْنِ مُلْتَصِقَتَيْنِ فَفُتِقَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا مِنَ الْأُخْرَى فَقَالَ نَعَمْ فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ (عليه السلام) اسْتَغْفِرْ رَبَّكَ فَإِنَّ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ كانَتا رَتْقاً يَقُولُ كَانَتِ السَّمَاءُ رَتْقاً لَا تُنْزِلُ الْمَطَرَ وَ كَانَتِ الْأَرْضُ رَتْقاً لَا تُنْبِتُ الْحَبَّ فَلَمَّا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى الْخَلْقَ وَ بَثَّ فِيهَا مِنْ كُلِّ دَابَّةٍ فَتَقَ السَّمَاءَ بِالْمَطَرِ وَ الْأَرْضَ بِنَبَاتِ الْحَبِّ
So Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘Perhaps you think that these two used to be stuck together and there were separated from each other?’ He said, ‘Yes’. Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘Seek Forgiveness from your Lord-azwj, for it is in the Words Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic that they were closed up, meaning that the sky used to be closed up and no rain descended from it, and the earth was closed up and did not grow any seed (vegetation). So when Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Created the creatures, He-azwj Spread therein all kinds of animals. He-azwj Opened up the sky by the rain and the earth by the seed’.
فَقَالَ الشَّامِيُّ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ مِنْ وُلْدِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَ أَنَّ عِلْمَكَ عِلْمُهُمْ
The Syrian said, ‘I testify that you-asws are from the children of the Prophets-as and that your-asws knowledge is their-as knowledge’.[63]
وَمَا أَصَابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فَبِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَيَعْفُو عَنْ كَثِيرٍ {30}
And whatever difficulty afflicts you it is regarding what your hands have earned, and He Pardons a lot [42:30]
وَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِمُعْجِزِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ ۖ وَمَا لَكُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ {31}
And you will not be escaping in the earth, and there would neither be a Guardian nor a Helper from besides Allah [42:31]
عَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ أَمَا إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ عِرْقٍ يَضْرِبُ وَ لَا نَكْبَةٍ وَ لَا صُدَاعٍ وَ لَا مَرَضٍ إِلَّا بِذَنْبٍ وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ وَ ما أَصابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فَبِما كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَ يَعْفُوا عَنْ كَثِيرٍ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَ مَا يَعْفُو اللَّهُ أَكْثَرُ مِمَّا يُؤَاخِذُ بِهِ
From him, from his father, from Al Nazar Bin Suweyd, from Hisham Bin Salim,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘There is no vein being struck, nor a calamity, nor a headache, nor an illness except it is due to a sin, and these are the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic in His-azwj Book: And whatever difficulty afflicts you it is regarding what your hands have earned, and He Pardons a lot [42:30]’. Then he-asws said: ‘And what He-azwj Forgives is much more than what He-azwj Seizes with’.[64]
وَ قَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ ع لَوْ لَا التَّقِيَّةُ مَا عُرِفَ وَلِيُّنَا مِنْ عَدُوِّنَا وَ لَوْ لَا مَعْرِفَةُ حُقُوقِ الْإِخْوَانِ- مَا عُرِفَ مِنَ السَّيِّئَاتِ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا عُوقِبَ عَلَى جَمِيعِهَا، لَكِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: وَ ما أَصابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فَبِما كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ- وَ يَعْفُوا عَنْ كَثِيرٍ
(Imam Hassan Al-Askari-asws said): ‘And Al-Husayn-asws Bin Ali-asws said: ‘Had there not been for the Taqayya, our-asws friends would not be recognised, and had there been no recognition of the rights of the brethren, nothing from the evil deeds be recognised except they would all be Punishment – all together. But Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: And whatever difficulty afflicts you it is regarding what your hands have earned, and He Pardons a lot [42:30]’.[65]
وعنه: عن عدة من أصحابنا، عن سهل بن زياد، و علي بن إبراهيم، عن أبيه جميعا، عن ابن محبوب، عن علي بن رئاب، قال: سألت أبا عبد الله (عليه السلام) عن قول الله عز و جل: وَ ما أَصابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فَبِما كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَ يَعْفُوا عَنْ كَثِيرٍ، أ رأيت ما أصاب عليا (عليه السلام) و أهل بيته (عليهم السلام) من بعده، أهو بما كسبت أيديهم، و هم أهل بيت طهارة معصومون؟
And from him, from a number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, and Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father altogether, from Ibn Mahboub, from Ali Bin Ra’ib who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: And whatever difficulty afflicts you it is regarding what your hands have earned, and He Pardons a lot [42:30]. ‘Do you-asws see what afflicted Ali-asws and the people-asws of his-asws Household from after him-asws. Is it what their-asws own hands had wrought, and they-asws are the People-asws of the Household, Purified, Infallible?’
فقال: «إن رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) كان يتوب إلى الله و يستغفره في كل يوم و ليلة مائة مرة من غير ذنب، إن الله يخص أولياءه بالمصائب ليأجرهم عليها
He-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww used to repent to Allah-azwj, and seek Forgiveness seventy times every day and night, without having any sins to him-saww. Allah-azwj had Specialised His-azwj friends with the afflictions in order to Recompense them upon these’.[66]
الحسن بن محبوب عن أبي حمزة عن أبي إسحاق قال: قال علي عليه السلام: لأحدثنكم بحديث يحق على كل مؤمن أن يعيه فحدثنا به غداة ونسينه عشية قال: فرجعنا إليه فقلنا له: الحديث الذي حدثتنا به غداة نسيناه وقلت: هو حق على كل مؤمن ان يعيه
Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Abu Hamza, from Abu Is’haq who said,
‘Ali-asws said: ‘I-asws shall narrate to you all with a Hadeeth which is rightful upon every Momin that he retains it’. So he-asws narrated to us in the morning and we forgot it in the evening. So, we returned to him-asws, and we said to him-asws, ‘The Hadeeth which you-asws narrated with in the morning, we forgot it, and you-asws said it is rightful upon every Momin that he retains it’.
فأعده علينا فقال: انه ما من مسلم يذنب ذنبا فيعفو الله عنه في الدنيا الا كان أجل وأكرم من أن يعود عليه بعقوبة في الآخرة وقد أجله في الدنيا وتلا هذه الآية: (وما أصابكم من مصيبة فبما كسبت أيديكم ويعفو عن كثير)
So he-asws repeated it upon us, and he-asws said: ‘It is – there is none from a Muslim who commits a sin, so Allah-azwj Forgives him in the world, except that He-azwj is more Majestic and more Benevolent that for Him-azwj to Repeat the Punishment upon him in the Hereafter, and He-azwj has already Done it in the world’. And he-asws recited this Verse: And whatever difficulty afflicts you it is regarding what your hands have earned, and He Pardons a lot [42:30]’.[67]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ شَمُّونٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ مِسْمَعِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ ما أَصابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فَبِما كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَ يَعْفُوا عَنْ كَثِيرٍ لَيْسَ مِنِ الْتِوَاءِ عِرْقٍ وَ لَا نَكْبَةِ حَجَرٍ وَ لَا عَثْرَةِ قَدَمٍ وَ لَا خَدْشِ عُودٍ إِلَّا بِذَنْبٍ وَ لَمَا يَعْفُو اللَّهُ أَكْثَرُ
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Shamoun, from Abdullah Bin Abdul Rahman, from Misma’a Bin Abdul Malik,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: And whatever difficulty afflicts you it is regarding what your hands have earned, and He Pardons a lot [42:30]: ‘There is none from the twisting of a vein (muscle), nor a stumbling over a stone, nor a slip of a foot, nor a scratch by wood, except it is due to a sin, and what He-azwj Pardons is a lot (more).
فَمَنْ عَجَّلَ اللَّهُ عُقُوبَةَ ذَنْبِهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَجَلُّ وَ أَكْرَمُ وَ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ أَنْ يَعُودَ فِي عُقُوبَتِهِ فِي الْآخِرَةِ
So for the one for whom Allah-azwj Hastens the Punishment for his sin in the world, so Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is more Majestic and more Benevolent and more Magnificent than for Him-azwj to Repeat Punishing him in the Hereafter’.[68]
علي بن إبراهيم: قال الصادق (عليه السلام): «لما ادخل رأس الحسين (عليه السلام) على يزيد لعنه الله، و أدخل عليه علي بن الحسين (عليهما السلام) و بنات أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)، و كان علي بن الحسين (عليهما السلام) مقيدا مغلولا، فقال يزيد: يا علي بن الحسين، الحمد لله الذي قتل أباك. فقال علي بن الحسين (عليهما السلام): لعن الله من قتل أبي
Ali Bin Ibrahim (Tafseer Qummi) –
Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘When the head of Al-Husayn-asws was brought to Yazeed-la, May Allah-azwj Curse him-la, and were brought to him-la , Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws and daughters of Amir Al-Momineen-asws, and Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws was bound and shackled. Yazeed-la said: ‘O Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws! The Praise is due to Allah-azwj Who Killed your-asws father-asws’. So Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws said: ‘Curse of Allah-azwj be upon the one who killed my-asws father-asws!’
قال: فغضب يزيد و أمر بضرب عنقه (عليه السلام) فقال علي بن الحسين (عليهما السلام): فإذا قتلتني فبنات رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) من يردهن إلى منازلهن، و ليس لهن محرم غيري؟ فقال: أنت تردهن إلى منازلهن
He-asws said: ‘Yazeed-la got angry and ordered for the striking his-asws neck (execution). So Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws said: ‘So if you-la were to kill me-asws, then for the daughters of Rasool-Allah-saww, who will return them to their houses, and there is not for them a ‘Mahram’ apart from me-asws?’ So he-la said: ‘You-asws will return them to their houses’.
ثم دعا بمبرد، فأقبل يبرد الجامعة من عنقه بيده. ثم قال: يا علي بن الحسين، أ تدري ما الذي أريد بذلك؟ قال: بلى تريد أن لا يكون لأحد علي منة غيرك. فقال يزيد: هذا و الله [ما] أردت
Then he-la called for the shackles (to be removed), so he-la went towards the shackles and removed all of them from his-asws neck by his-la own hand. Then he-la said, ‘O Ali Bin Al-Husayn-asws! Do you-asws know what it is which I intend by that?’ He-asws said: ‘Yes. You want that there should not be anyone for me-asws, (to ask) for a favour apart from you-la’. So Yazeed-la said, ‘By Allah-azwj! This is what I-la want’.
ثم قال: يا علي بن الحسين ما أَصابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فَبِما كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ
Then he-la said: ‘O Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws ! And whatever difficulty afflicts you it is regarding what your hands have earned [42:30]’.
فقال علي بن الحسين (عليهما السلام): كلا ما هذه فينا نزلت، إنما نزلت فينا: ما أَصابَ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَ لا فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ الآية فنحن الذين لا نأسى على ما فاتنا، من الدنيا و لا نفرح بما آتانا منها
So Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws said: ‘Not at all! This has not been Revealed regarding us-asws! But rather, (what has been) Revealed regarding us-asws is: Neither does a difficulty afflicts in the earth nor regarding yourselves [57:22] (No evil befalls on the earth nor in your own souls, but it is in a book before We bring it into existence; surely that is easy to Allah:complete the verse so it becomes understandable the Verse. So we-asws are the ones who do not despair upon what has escaped us-asws from the world, nor are we-asws happy with what has been Given to us-asws from it’.[69]
VERSES 32 – 34
وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ الْجَوَارِ فِي الْبَحْرِ كَالْأَعْلَامِ {32}
And from His Signs are the ships in the sea like the banners [42:32]
إِنْ يَشَأْ يُسْكِنِ الرِّيحَ فَيَظْلَلْنَ رَوَاكِدَ عَلَىٰ ظَهْرِهِ ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِكُلِّ صَبَّارٍ شَكُورٍ {33}
If He so Desires, He could Calm the winds, so it would be motionless upon its back. Surely, there are Signs in that for every patient, grateful one [42:33]
أَوْ يُوبِقْهُنَّ بِمَا كَسَبُوا وَيَعْفُ عَنْ كَثِيرٍ {34}
Or He could Destroy these due to what they earned, and He Pardons a lot [42:34]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ شَمُّونٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ مِسْمَعِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ ما أَصابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فَبِما كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَ يَعْفُوا عَنْ كَثِيرٍ لَيْسَ مِنِ الْتِوَاءِ عِرْقٍ وَ لَا نَكْبَةِ حَجَرٍ وَ لَا عَثْرَةِ قَدَمٍ وَ لَا خَدْشِ عُودٍ إِلَّا بِذَنْبٍ وَ لَمَا يَعْفُو اللَّهُ أَكْثَرُ
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Shamoun, from Abdullah Bin Abdul Rahman, from Misma’a Bin Abdul Malik,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: And whatever difficulty afflicts you it is regarding what your hands have earned, and He Pardons a lot [42:30]: ‘There is none from the twisting of a vein (muscle), nor a stumbling over a stone, nor a slip of a foot, nor a scratch by wood, except it is due to a sin, and what He-azwj Pardons is a lot (more).
فَمَنْ عَجَّلَ اللَّهُ عُقُوبَةَ ذَنْبِهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَجَلُّ وَ أَكْرَمُ وَ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ أَنْ يَعُودَ فِي عُقُوبَتِهِ فِي الْآخِرَةِ
So for the one for whom Allah-azwj Hastens the Punishment for his sin in the world, so Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is more Majestic and more Benevolent and more Magnificent than for Him-azwj to Repeat Punishing him in the Hereafter’.[70]
مع: بهذا الإسناد، عن ابن عيسى، عن الأهوازي، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن حماد، عن الحلبي، قال: قلت لأبي عبد الله عليه السلام: ما أدنى ما يكون به العبد كافرا ؟ قال: أن يبتدع شيئا فيتولى عليه ويبرأ ممن خالفه
By this chain, from Ibn Isa, from Al Ahwazy, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hamad, from Al Halby who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘What is the least of what the servant would become a Kafir with?’ He-asws said: ‘If he innovates something, so he carries on upon it and disavows from the ones who oppose him’’.[71]
أبي، عن سعد، عن ابن نوح، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن هشام بن الحكم، عن أبي عبد الله عليه السلام قال: كان رجل في الزمن الأول طلب الدنيا من حلال فلم يقدر عليها، وطلبها من حرام فلم يقدر عليها، فأتاه الشيطان فقال له: يا هذا إنك قد طلبت الدنيا من حلال فلم تقدر عليها، وطلبتها من حرام فلم تقدر عليها، أفلا أدلك على شئ تكثر به دنياك ويكثر به تبعك ؟ قال: بلى
My father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Nuh, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Al Hakam,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘There was a man during the former times who sought the world from Permissible means, but he was not able upon it, and he sought it from Prohibited means, but he was (still) not able upon it.
Then Satan-la came to him and said to him, ‘O you! You have sought the world from Permissible means, but were not able upon it, and you sought it from Prohibited means, but you were (still) not able upon it. So, shall I-la point you upon something by which your world would be abundance, and your followers would be abundant?’ He said, ‘Yes’.
قال: تبتدع دينا وتدعو إليه الناس. ففعل فاستجاب له الناس وأطاعوه وأصاب من الدنيا، ثم إنه فكر فقال: ما صنعت ؟ ابتدعت دينا ودعوت الناس ما أرى لي توبة إلا أن آتي من دعوته إليه فأرده عنه
He-la said, ‘Begin a religion and call the people to it’. He did so, and the people responded to him, and obeyed him, and he attained from the world. Then he thought, and he said (to himself), ‘What have I done? I began a religion and called the people. I do not see a repentance for me except if I go to the one I called to it, and I return him from it’.
فجعل يأتي أصحابه الذين أجابوه فيقول لهم، إن الذي دعوتكم إليه باطل وإنما ابتدعته فجعلوا يقولون له: كذبت وهو الحق ولكنك شككت في دينك فرجعت عنه
So, he went to his companions, the ones who had responded to him, and he said to them, ‘That which I called you all to, is false, and rather I innovated it’. But, they were saying to him, ‘You are lying, and it is the truth. But, you doubted in your religion, so you returned from it’.
فلما رأى ذلك عمد إلى سلسلة فوتد لها وتدا ثم جعلها في عنقه وقال: لا أحلها حتى يتوب الله عز وجل علي فأوحى الله عز وجل إلى نبي من الأنبياء: قل لفلان: وعزتي لو دعوتني حتى تنقطع أوصالك ما استجبت لك حتى ترد من مات على ما دعوته إليه فيرجع عنه
When he saw that, he deliberated to a chain and pegged it (in the ground), and tied it, then made it to be in his neck, and said, ‘I will not release it until Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Turns (Accepts my repentance) to Me-azwj’. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed unto a Prophet-as from the Prophets: “Say to so and so, by My-azwj Mighty and My-azwj Majesty! Even if you were to supplicate to me until your joints are broken, I-azwj will not Answer (Forgive) you until you return (all the) ones who died upon what you called them to, and they return from it’’.[72].[73]
VERSE 35
وَيَعْلَمَ الَّذِينَ يُجَادِلُونَ فِي آيَاتِنَا مَا لَهُمْ مِنْ مَحِيصٍ {35}
And those who are disputing regarding Our Signs may know there is no way out for them [42:35]
قال: و سمعته يقول: «كذبوا بآياتنا كلها، في بطن القرآن، أن كذبوا بالأوصياء كلهم
He (the narrator) said, ‘And I heard him (Abu Ja’far-asws) saying: ‘They belying our-asws signs, all of them, in the esoteric of the Quran, and they were belying the succesors-asws, all of them-asws’’.[74]
و قال علي بن إبراهيم: الآيات: أمير المؤمنين و الائمة (عليهم السلام)، و الدليل على ذلك قول أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام): «ما لله آية أكبر مني
And Ali Bin Ibrahim said,
‘The Signs are Amir Al-Momineen-asws and the Imams-asws, and the evidence upon that are the words of Amir Al-Momineen-asws: ‘There is no ‘Sign’ of Allah-azwj greater than I-asws!’[75]
محمد بن يعقوب: عن محمد بن يحيى، عن أحمد بن محمد، عن محمد بن أبي عمير أو غيره، عن محمد بن الفضيل، عن أبي حمزة، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: كان أمير المؤمنين (صلوات الله عليه) يقول: ما لله عز و جل آية هي أكبر مني، و لا لله من نبأ أعظم مني
Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Abu Umeyr or someone else, from Muhammad Bin Al Fazeyl, from Abu Hamza,
From Abu Ja’far-asws having said, Amir Al-Momineen-asws was saying: ‘There is no ‘Sign’ of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic which is greater than I-asws, nor a News from Allah-azwj greater than I-asws!’[76]
VERSE 36
فَمَا أُوتِيتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَمَتَاعُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۖ وَمَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ وَأَبْقَىٰ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَلَىٰ رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ {36}
So, whatever you are Given from something, it is a provision of the life of the world, and what is in the Presence of Allah is better and more lasting for those who believe, and they are relying upon their Lord [42:36]
أحمد بن محمد بن خالد البرقي، في (المحاسن): عن الحسن بن يزيد النوفلي، عن إسماعيل بن أبي زياد السكوني، عن أبي عبد الله، عن آبائه (عليهم السلام)، قال: «قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): من أحب أن يعلم ما له عند الله، فليعلم ما لله عنده
Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid Al Barqy, in Al Mahasin, from Al Hassan Bin Yazeed Al Nowfaly, from Ismail Bin Abu Zyad Al Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The one who loves that he should know what is for him with Allah-azwj, so he should know what is there with himself for the sake of Allah-azwj’.[77]
عن النبي صلى الله عليه وآله قال: أما إن من شيعة علي عليه السلام لمن يأتي يوم القيامة وقد وضع له في كفة سيئاته من الآثام ما هو أعظم من الجبال الرواسي و البحار السيارة، تقول الخلائق: هلك هذا العبد، فلا يشكون أنه من الهالكين وفي عذاب الله من الخالدين
From the Prophet-saww having said: ‘But, from the Shias of Ali-asws would be the one who would come on the Day of Judgment, and there would be placed for him in the scale of his evil deeds from the sins what is greater than the mountain peaks and the waves of the ocean. The creatures would be saying, ‘This servant is destroyed. There is no doubt he is from the destroyed ones, and would be from the eternal ones in the Punishment of Allah-azwj.
فيأتيه النداء من قبل الله تعالى: يا أيها العبد الجاني هذه الذنوب الموبقات فهل بإزائها حسنة تكافئها وتدخل الجنة برحمة الله، أو تزيد عليها فتدخلها بوعد الله، يقول العبد: لا أدري
Then, there would come a call from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: “O you servant, the wrong-doer, the offender! These are major sins (upon you). So, are there, in their stead, any good deeds to suffice these, so you can enter the Paradise of Allah-azwj by the Mercy of Allah-azwj, or an increase upon these (good deeds), so you can enter it?” The servant would be saying, ‘I don’t know’.
فيقول منادي ربنا عزوجل: إن ربي يقول: ناد في عرصات القيامة: ألا إن فلان بن فلان من بلد كذا وكذا وقرية كذا وكذا قد رهن بسيئاته كأمثال الجبال والبحار ولا حسنة بازائها، فأي أهل هذا المحشر كانت لي عنده يد أو عارفة فليغثني بمجازاتي عنها، فهذا أوان شدة حاجتي إليها
So, the caller of our Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic would call out: ‘My Lord-azwj is saying: “Call out in the plains of the Day of Judgment, ‘I am so and so from the people of such and such city. I have been mortgaged by evils deeds which are like the mountain and the sea and there are no good deeds for me in my account. So, which one the people of this plain who has a hand (of favour) for me, or knows me, so let him help me with my being rescued from it, for this is the time of my most intense need to it’.
فينادي الرجل بذلك، فأول من يجيبه علي بن أبي طالب: لبيك لبيك لبيك أيها الممتحن في محبتي، المظلوم بعداوتي
So, the man would call out with that, and the first one who answer him would be Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws: ‘Here I-asws am! Here I-asws am, O you, the one being tried regarding my-asws love, the one oppressed by my-asws enemies’.
ثم يأتي هو ومن معه عدد كثير وجم غفير و إن كانوا أقل عددا من خصمائه الذين لهم قبله الظلامات
Then he-asws would come, and with him-asws would be a large number and a myriad (of people), and even though they would be fewer in number than his-asws disputants – those who had grievances before him-asws.
فيقول ذلك العدد: يا أمير المؤمنين نحن إخوانه المؤمنون، كان بنابارا ولنا مكرما، وفى معاشرته إيانا مع كثرة إحسانه إلينا متواضعا، وقد نزلنا له عن جميع طاعاتنا وبذلناها له
So, that number would be saying, ‘O Amir Al-Momineen-asws! We are his brothers, the Momineen. He was righteous with us, and he was honourable to us, and in his community, he was assisting us along with a lot of his favours to us, he was modest, and we have brought down for him the entirety of our acts of obedience and make it to be for him’.
فيقول علي عليه السلام: فبماذا تدخلون جنة ربكم ؟ فيقولون: برحمة الله الواسعة التي لا يعدمها من والاك ووالى آلك يا أخا رسول الله
(At that), Ali-asws would be saying: ‘Then by what would you be entering the Paradise of your Lord-azwj?’ They would be saying, ‘By His-azwj Mercy, the Capacious, which there is no remoteness from the one who loves you-asws and befriends your-asws friends, O brother-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww!’.
فيأتي النداء من قبل الله تعالى: يا أخا رسول الله هؤلاء إخوانه المؤمنون قد بذلوا له فأنت ماذا تبذل له ؟ فإني أنا الحكم، ما بيني وبينه من الذنوب قد غفرتها له بموالاته إياك، وما بينه وبين عبادي من الظلامات فلا بد من فصلي بينه وبينهم
So, a call would come from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: “O brother-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! These are your-asws brothers, the Momineen. They have made it to be for him (what could rescue him), so what is that which you-asws are making it to be for him, for I-azwj am the Judge of what is between Me-azwj and him, from the sins which I-azwj have Forgiven for him due to his being in your-asws Wilayah, and whatever is between him and My-azwj servants from the wrongs, so it is inevitable from the Judgmental decision between him and them”.
فيقول علي عليه السلام: يا رب أفعل ما تأمرني
Ali-asws would be saying: ‘O Lord-azwj! I-asws will do whatever You-azwj Command me-asws to’.
فيقول الله: يا علي اضمن لخصمائه تعويضهم عن ظلاماتهم قبله
Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic would be Saying: “O Ali-asws! Guarantee to his disputants that you-asws would be compensating them for his wrongdoings upon them”.
فيضمن لهم علي عليه السلام ذلك ويقول لهم: اقترحوا علي ما شئتم اعطكم عوضا من ظلاماتكم قبله
Ali-asws would be guaranteeing that to them and he-asws would be saying to them: ‘Suggest to me-asws whatever you so desire to, I-asws shall give it to you instead for the wrongdoings from him’.
فيقولون: يا أخا رسول الله تجعل لنا بإزاء ظلامتنا قبله ثواب نفس من أنفاسك ليلة بيتوتتك على فراش محمد صلى الله عليه وآله
They would be saying, ‘O brother-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! (We want) you-asws to make it to be for us, as a compensation of his wrongdoings to us, the Rewards of one breath of your-asws breathing on the night you-asws spent upon the bed of Muhammad-saww, (the night of Hijra)’.
فيقول علي عليه السلام: قد وهبت ذلك لكم
Ali-asws would be saying: ‘I-asws have gifted that to you all’.
فيقول الله عزوجل: فانظروا يا عبادي الآن إلى ما نلتموه من علي، فداء لصاحبه من ظلاماتكم، ويظهر لهم ثواب نفس واحد في الجنان من عجائب قصورها وخيراتها، فيكون ذلك ما يرضي الله به خصماء اولئك المؤمنين
So, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic would be Saying: “Look now, O My-azwj servants, at what you have attained from Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, as expiation for the wrongdoings of your companion on you!”. And there would be displayed for them, the Rewards of one breath (of Ali-asws), in the Gardens, from its wonderful castles and its goodness(es). Thus, there would be happen to be from that, what Allah-azwj would Please them with – the disputants to those Momineen.
ثم يريهم بعد ذلك من الدر جات والمنازل مالا عين رأت، ولا اذن سمعت، ولا خطر على بال بشر
Then, after that, they would be shown from the levels and the stations – that which neither has an eye seen, nor has an ear heard, nor has the mind of a human conceived of.
يقولون: يا ربنا هل بقي من جنانك شئ ؟ إذا كان هذا كله لنا فأين تحل سائر عبادك المؤمنين والانبياء والصديقون والشهداء والصالحون ؟ ويخيل إليهم عند ذلك أن الجنة بأسرها قد جعلت لهم
They would be saying, ‘O our Lord-azwj! Does there remain anything from Your-azwj paradise (for anybody else), when it was so that all of this is for us? So, whereabouts would Your-azwj servants, the Momineen, and the Prophets-as, and the truthful, and the martyrs, and the righteous would be?’ And they would be thinking during that, that the Paradise in its entirety has been Made to be for them (only).
فيأتي النداء من قبل الله تعالى: يا عبادي هذا ثواب نفس من أنفاس علي بن أبي طالب الذي اقترحتموه عليه قد جعله لكم فخذوه وانظروا
(At that), a call would come from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: “O My-saww servants! This is the Reward of one breath from the breathing of Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws which you had suggested to him-asws. He-asws has made it to be for you all. Therefore, take it and look around!”
فيصيرون هم وهذا المؤمن الذي عوضه علي عليه السلام في تلك الجنان ثم يرون ما يضيفه الله عزوجل إلى ممالك علي عليه السلام في الجنان ما هو أضعاف ما بذله عن وليه الموالي له مما شاء من الاضعاف التي لا يعرفها غيره
So, they would be coming – them and this Momin whom Ali-asws compensated on his behalf, to those Gardens. Then they would be seeing what Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Added to the kingdoms of Ali-asws in the Garden, what would be a multiple of what he-asws made to be on behalf of his-asws friend, to the friends of his-asws, from whatever Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic so Desires, from the additions which none knows apart from Him-azwj’.
ثم قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله: أذلك خيرنزلا أم شجرة الزقوم المعدة لمخالفي أخي ووصيي علي بن أبي طالب عليه السلام ؟
Then Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Is that a better lodgement or the tree of Zaqqum? [37:62] – The (lodgement) prepared for the adversaries of my-saww brother-asws, and my-saww successor Ali‑asws Bin Abu Talib-asws’’.[78]
VERSE 37
وَالَّذِينَ يَجْتَنِبُونَ كَبَائِرَ الْإِثْمِ وَالْفَوَاحِشَ وَإِذَا مَا غَضِبُوا هُمْ يَغْفِرُونَ {37}
And those who shun the major sins and immoralities, and when they are angry, they are forgiving [42:37]
في كتاب ثواب الاعمال باسناده إلى عباد بن كثير النوا قال: سألت أبا جعفر عليه السلام عن الكبائر فقال: كل شئ وعد الله عليه النار
In the book Sawaab Al-Amaal, by his chain going up to Abaad Bin Kaseer Al-Naza who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the major sins, so he-asws said: ‘Everything for which Allah-azwj has Promised the Fire, for its committing (of a sin)’.[79]
Major sins in the Book of Allah-azwj
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَظِيمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَسَنِيِّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ( صلوات الله عليه ) قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ أَبِي مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ دَخَلَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ وَ جَلَسَ تَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ الَّذِينَ يَجْتَنِبُونَ كَبائِرَ الْإِثْمِ وَ الْفَواحِشَ ثُمَّ أَمْسَكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) مَا أَسْكَتَكَ قَالَ أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَعْرِفَ الْكَبَائِرَ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Abdul Azeem Bin Abdullah Al Hasany who said,
‘Abu Ja’far-asws narrated to me saying: ‘I-asws heard my-asws father-asws saying: ‘I-asws heard my-asws father-asws Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws saying: ‘Amro Bin Ubeyd came over to Abu Abdullah-asws. So when he greeted and was seated, recited this Verse: And those who shun the major sins and immoralities [42:37], then held back. So Abu Abdullah-asws said to him: ‘What made you withhold?’ He said, ‘I would love to understand the major sins from the Book of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic’.
فَقَالَ نَعَمْ يَا عَمْرُو أَكْبَرُ الْكَبَائِرِ الْإِشْرَاكُ بِاللَّهِ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ وَ مَنْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ وَ بَعْدَهُ الْإِيَاسُ مِنْ رَوْحِ اللَّهِ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ إِنَّهُ لا يَيْأَسُ مِنْ رَوْحِ اللَّهِ إِلَّا الْقَوْمُ الْكافِرُونَ
So he-asws said: ‘Yes – O Amro – And the biggest of the major sins is the Polytheism (الشرك) with Allah-azwj. Allah-azwj is Saying; “And the one who Associates with Allah-azwj, so Allah-azwj has Prohibited the Paradise unto him”, and after it is the despair from the Mercy of Allah-azwj, because Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: and do not despair from Mercy of Allah; surely none despairs of Allah’s Mercy except the Kafir people [12:87].
ثُمَّ الْأَمْنُ لِمَكْرِ اللَّهِ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ فَلا يَأْمَنُ مَكْرَ اللَّهِ إِلَّا الْقَوْمُ الْخاسِرُونَ
Then is the security from the Plan of Allah-azwj, because Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: Are they feeling secure from the Plan of Allah? But no one feels secure from the Plan of Allah except the people (who are) losers [7:99].
وَ مِنْهَا عُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ سُبْحَانَهُ جَعَلَ الْعَاقَّ جَبَّاراً شَقِيّاً وَ قَتْلُ النَّفْسِ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ فَجَزاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ خالِداً فِيها إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ
And from it is the disobedience to the parents, because Allah-azwj, the Glorious, Made the disobedient as a tyrant, a wretch. And the killing of a soul (person) whom Allah-azwj has Prohibited to kill except with the right to do so, because Allah-azwj the Mighty and Majestic is Saying: And whoever kills a Momin intentionally, his Recompense is Hell, being eternally in it [4:93] – up to the end of the Verse.
و قذف المحصنة، لأن الله عز و جل يقول: لُعِنُوا فِي الدُّنْيا وَ الْآخِرَةِ وَ لَهُمْ عَذابٌ عَظِيمٌ
And accusing the chaste woman, because Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: Surely, those who accuse chaste married women, the unaware Mominaat, would be Cursed in the world and the Hereafter, and for them is a grievous Punishment [24:23].
و أكل مال اليتيم، لأن الله عز و جل يقول: إِنَّما يَأْكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ ناراً وَ سَيَصْلَوْنَ سَعِيراً
And the devourer of the wealth of the orphan, because Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: (As for) those who are devouring the wealth of the orphans unjustly, but rather they are swallowing fire into their bellies, and they shall be arriving at the Blazing Fire [4:10].
و الفرار من الزحف، لأن الله عز و جل يقول: وَ مَنْ يُوَلِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ دُبُرَهُ إِلَّا مُتَحَرِّفاً لِقِتالٍ أَوْ مُتَحَيِّزاً إِلى فِئَةٍ فَقَدْ باءَ بِغَضَبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَ مَأْواهُ جَهَنَّمُ وَ بِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ
And the fleer from the battlefield, because Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: And the one who turns his back to them on that day – except for a strategy of battle or retreating to a group – so he has incurred Wrath from Allah, and his abode is Hell, and the destination is evil [8:16]
و أكل الربا، لأن الله عز و جل يقول: الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ الرِّبا لا يَقُومُونَ إِلَّا كَما يَقُومُ الَّذِي يَتَخَبَّطُهُ الشَّيْطانُ مِنَ الْمَسِّ
And the consumer of the usury (interest) because Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: Those who are consuming the interest are not standing except as the standing of the one whom the Satan has confused him from the craze [2:275].
و السحر، لأن الله عز و جل يقول: وَ لَقَدْ عَلِمُوا لَمَنِ اشْتَراهُ ما لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلاقٍ
And the sorcery, because Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: And they had taught to the one who acquired it (sorcery), there would be no share for him in the Hereafter [2:102].
و الزنا، لأن الله عز و جل يقول: وَ مَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذلِكَ يَلْقَ أَثاماً يُضاعَفْ لَهُ الْعَذابُ يَوْمَ الْقِيامَةِ وَ يَخْلُدْ فِيهِ مُهاناً
And the adultery, because Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: And one who does that, indulges in sin [25:68] The Punishment would be doubled for him on the Day of Judgment, and he would be therein eternally in disgrace [25:69].
و اليمين الغموس الفاجرة، لأن الله عز و جل يقول: الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَ أَيْمانِهِمْ ثَمَناً قَلِيلًا أُولئِكَ لا خَلاقَ لَهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ
The immersing oath in the immorality, because Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: Those who are taking for the Covenant of Allah and their own oaths, a small price – there shall be no portion for them in the Hereafter [3:77].
و الغلول ، لأن الله عز و جل يقول: وَ مَنْ يَغْلُلْ يَأْتِ بِما غَلَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيامَةِ
And the embezzlement, because Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: and the one who embezzles will bring what he had embezzled with him on the Day of Judgement [3:161].
و منع الزكاة المفروضة لأن الله عز و جل يقول: فَتُكْوى بِها جِباهُهُمْ وَ جُنُوبُهُمْ وَ ظُهُورُهُمْ
The prevention (Non-payment) of the obligatory Zakat: then their foreheads and their sides and their backs shall be branded with it [9:35].
و شهادة الزور و كتمان الشهادة، لأن الله عز و جل يقول: وَ مَنْ يَكْتُمْها فَإِنَّهُ آثِمٌ قَلْبُهُ
And perjury and the concealment of the testimony, because Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: And do not conceal the testimony, and the one who conceals it, so he is of a sinful heart [2:283].
و شرب الخمر، لأن الله عز و جل نهى عنها، كما نهى عن عبادة الأوثان، و ترك الصلاة متعمدا، أو شيئا مما فرض الله، لأن رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) قال: من ترك الصلاة متعمدا فقد برىء من ذمة الله و ذمة رسوله
And drinking of the intoxicants, because Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Prohibited from it just as He-azwj has Prohibited from worshipping the idols. And the deliberate avoidance of the Prayer, or anything from what Allah-azwj has Obligated, because Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The one who deliberately leaves the Prayer, so he is remote from the Responsibility of Allah-azwj and the responsibility of His-azwj Rasool-saww’.
و نقض العهد و قطيعة الرحم، لأن الله عز و جل يقول: أُولئِكَ لَهُمُ اللَّعْنَةُ وَ لَهُمْ سُوءُ الدَّارِ
And the breaking of the Covenant, and the boycotting of the relatives, because Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: They, for them is the Curse and for them would be the evil abode [13:25]’.
قال: فخرج عمرو و له صراخ من بكائه، و هو يقول: هلك من يقول برأيه، و نازعكم في الفضل و العلم
He (the narrator) said, ‘Amro went out screaming from his crying, and he was saying, ‘Destroyed is the one who is speaking from his opinion, and disputes with regards to your-asws merits and the Knowledge’.[80]
For detailed Ahadeeth on major sins see Al Kafi V 2 – The Book of Eman and Kufr
https://hubeali.com/books/English-Books/AlKafiVol2/AlKafiV2-TheBookOfBeliefAndDisbelief(9).pdf
Controlling the anger
قال: قال أبو جعفر (عليه السلام): «من كظم غيظا، و هو يقدر على إمضائه، حشا الله قلبه أمنا و إيمانا يوم القيامة». قال: «و من ملك نفسه إذا رغب و إذا رهب و إذا غضب، حرم الله جسده على النار
Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘The one who controls his anger, and he has the ability over its decline, Allah-azwj would Make his heart to be safe and full of belief on the Day of Judgement. And the one who controls himself when he has hope, and fear, and anger, Allah-azwj would Prohibit his body upon the Fire’.[81]
قب، المناقب لابن شهرآشوب دَخَلَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ عَلَى الصَّادِقِ ع وَ قَرَأَ إِنْ تَجْتَنِبُوا كَبائِرَ ما تُنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ وَ قَالَ أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَعْرِفَ الْكَبَائِرَ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ يَا عَمْرُو
(The book) ‘Al Manaqib’ of Ibn Shehr Ashub –
Amro Bin Ubeyd entered to see Al-Sadiq-asws and recited: If you shun the major sins which you are Forbidden from, [4:31]. And he said, ‘I would love to know the major sins from the Book of Allah-azwj’. He-asws said; ‘Yes, O Amro!’
Then he-asws detailed it that the major sins are: –
ثُمَّ فَصَّلَهُ بِأَنَّ الْكَبَائِرَ الشِّرْكُ بِاللَّهِ- إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَغْفِرُ أَنْ يُشْرَكَ بِهِ
Association with Allah-azwj – Allah does not Forgive if He is associated with, [4:48].
وَ الْيَأْسُ وَ لا تَيْأَسُوا مِنْ رَوْحِ اللَّهِ
And the despair – and do not despair from Mercy of Allah; [12:87].
وَ عُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ لِأَنَّ الْعَاقَّ جَبَّارٌ شَقِيٌ وَ بَرًّا بِوالِدَتِي وَ لَمْ يَجْعَلْنِي جَبَّاراً شَقِيًّا
And disloyalty to the parents, because the disloyal is a tyrant, a wretch – And righteousness with my mother, and did not Make me tyrannous, wretched [19:32].
وَ قَتْلُ النَّفْسِ- وَ مَنْ يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِناً مُتَعَمِّداً
And killing the soul – And whoever kills a Momin intentionally, [4:93].
وَ قَذْفُ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ وَ أَكْلُ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ- إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوالَ الْيَتامى ظُلْماً
And slandering the married (chaste) women and devouring wealth of the orphans – (As for) those who are devouring the wealth of the orphans unjustly [4:10].
وَ الْفِرَارُ مِنَ الزَّحْفِ وَ مَنْ يُوَلِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ دُبُرَهُ
And the fleeing from the march (army) – And the one who turns his back to them on that day [8:16].
وَ أَكْلُ الرِّبَا الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ الرِّبا
And consuming the interest – Those who are consuming the interest [2:275].
وَ السِّحْرُ وَ لَقَدْ عَلِمُوا لَمَنِ اشْتَراهُ
And the sorcery – And they had taught to the one who bought it, [2:102].
وَ الزِّنَا وَ لا يَزْنُونَ وَ مَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذلِكَ يَلْقَ أَثاماً
And the adultery – nor are they committing adultery. And one who does that, indulges in sin [25:68].
وَ الْيَمِينُ الْغَمُوسُ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَ أَيْمانِهِمْ ثَمَناً
And the false oath – Those who are taking for the Covenant of Allah and their own oaths, a small price [3:77].
وَ الْغُلُولُ وَ مَنْ يَغْلُلْ يَأْتِ بِما غَلَ
And the embezzlement – and the one who embezzles will bring what he had embezzled [3:161].
وَ مَنْعُ الزَّكَاةِ يَوْمَ يُحْمى عَلَيْها فِي نارِ جَهَنَّمَ
And refusing (to pay) the Zakat – On the Day when these shall be heated in the Fire of Hell, [9:35].
وَ شَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ وَ كِتْمَانُ الشَّهَادَةِ وَ مَنْ يَكْتُمْها فَإِنَّهُ آثِمٌ قَلْبُهُ
And false testimony and concealing the testimony – And do not conceal the testimony, and the one who conceals it, so he is of a sinful heart; [2:283].
وَ شُرْبُ الْخَمْرِ لِقَوْلِهِ ع شَارِبُ الْخَمْرِ كَعَابِدِ وَثَنٍ
And drinking the wine due to his-asws words: ‘Drinker of the wine is like a worshipper of the idols’.
وَ تَرْكُ الصَّلَاةِ لِقَوْلِهِ مَنْ تَرَكَ الصَّلَاةَ مُتَعَمِّداً فَقَدْ بَرِئَ مِنْ ذِمَّةِ اللَّهِ وَ ذِمَّةِ رَسُولِهِ
And neglecting the Salat, due to his-asws words: ‘One who neglects the Salat deliberately, so he is free from the Responsibility of Allah-azwj, and responsibility of His-azwj Rasool-saww’.
وَ نَقْضُ الْعَهْدِ وَ قَطِيعَةُ الرَّحِمِ- الَّذِينَ يَنْقُضُونَ عَهْدَ اللَّهِ
And breaking the pact and cutting off the kinship – Those who are breaking the Pact of Allah [2:27].
وَ قَوْلُ الزُّورِ- وَ اجْتَنِبُوا قَوْلَ الزُّورِ
And the false words – and keep aside from the false words [22:30].
وَ الْجُرْأَةُ عَلَى اللَّهِ- أَ فَأَمِنُوا مَكْرَ اللَّهِ
The audacity against Allah-azwj: Are they feeling secure from the Plan of Allah? [7:99].
وَ كُفْرَانُ النِّعْمَةِ- وَ لَئِنْ كَفَرْتُمْ إِنَّ عَذابِي لَشَدِيدٌ
And committing Kufr (ungratefulness) with the Bounties – and if you are ungrateful, then My Punishment is Severe” [14:7].
وَ بَخْسُ الْكَيْلِ وَ الْوَزْنِ وَيْلٌ لِلْمُطَفِّفِينَ
And being deficient in measuring and weighing – Woe be unto the fraudsters [83:1].
وَ اللِّوَاطُ- الَّذِينَ يَجْتَنِبُونَ كَبائِرَ الْإِثْمِ
And the sodomy – Those who are shunning the major sins [53:32].
وَ الْبِدْعَةُ قَوْلُهُ ع مَنْ تَبَسَّمَ فِي وَجْهِ مُبْتَدِعٍ فَقَدْ أَعَانَ عَلَى هَدْمِ دِينِهِ
And the innovation – His-asws words: ‘One who smiles in the face of an innovator, so he has assisted upon demolishing his religion’.
قَالَ فَخَرَجَ عَمْرٌو وَ لَهُ صُرَاخٌ مِنْ بُكَائِهِ وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ هَلَكَ مَنْ سَلَبَ تُرَاثَكُمْ وَ نَازَعَكُمْ فِي الْفَضْلِ وَ الْعِلْمِ
He (the narrator) said, ‘Amro went out and for him was screaming from his crying and he was saying, ‘He is destroyed, the one who looted your-asws inheritance, and disputed you-asws all regarding the merit and the knowledge!’’[82]
VERSES 38 – 40
وَالَّذِينَ اسْتَجَابُوا لِرَبِّهِمْ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَمْرُهُمْ شُورَىٰ بَيْنَهُمْ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنْفِقُونَ {38}
And those who are answering to their Lord, and establishing the Salat, and their affair is to consult between them, and they are spending from what We have Graced them [42:38]
وَالَّذِينَ إِذَا أَصَابَهُمُ الْبَغْيُ هُمْ يَنْتَصِرُونَ {39}
And those, when the transgression afflicts them, they are helping each other [42:39]
وَجَزَاءُ سَيِّئَةٍ سَيِّئَةٌ مِثْلُهَا ۖ فَمَنْ عَفَا وَأَصْلَحَ فَأَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الظَّالِمِينَ {40}
And a Recompense of an evil is an evil similar to it. But, one who pardons and amends, so his Recompense is upon Allah. He does not love the unjust ones [42:40]
عَلِيٌّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ هَارُونَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ حَلَالًا وَ لَا حَرَاماً إِلَّا وَ لَهُ حَدٌّ كَحَدِّ الدَّارِ فَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الطَّرِيقِ فَهُوَ مِنَ الطَّرِيقِ وَ مَا كَانَ مِنَ الدَّارِ فَهُوَ مِنَ الدَّارِ حَتَّى أَرْشُ الْخَدْشِ فَمَا سِوَاهُ وَ الْجَلْدَةِ وَ نِصْفِ الْجَلْدَةِ
Ali has narrated from Muhammad from Yunus from Aban from Sulayman ibn Harun who has said:
I heard Abu Abd Allah-asws saying, All that Allah-azwj has Created, and has put them under limits like the limits of a house, which shows what is of the house, what is of the road and the walkway, There is even the ‘الطَّرِيقِ’ rule for compensation for a scratch, and a الطَّرِيق rule (penalty) in the form of a lash or half a lashing.[83]
VERSES 41 – 43
وَلَمَنِ انْتَصَرَ بَعْدَ ظُلْمِهِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ مَا عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ سَبِيلٍ {41}
And the one who triumphs after having been oppressed, so those ones (the triumphs), there is no way (to blame) upon them (of the war) [42:41]
إِنَّمَا السَّبِيلُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يَظْلِمُونَ النَّاسَ وَيَبْغُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ {42}
But rather, the way (to blame) is upon those who are oppressing the people and are rebelling in the land without the right. Those ones, for them is a painful Punishment [42:42]
وَلَمَنْ صَبَرَ وَغَفَرَ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ لَمِنْ عَزْمِ الْأُمُورِ {43}
And the one who is patient and forgives, surely that is from the matters requiring determination [42:43]
محمد بن العباس، قال: حدثنا علي بن عبد الله، عن إبراهيم بن محمد، عن علي بن هلال الأحمسي، عن الحسن بن وهب، عن جابر الجعفي، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، في قوله عز و جل: وَ لَمَنِ انْتَصَرَ بَعْدَ ظُلْمِهِ فَأُولئِكَ ما عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ سَبِيلٍ، قال: ذلك القائم (عليه السلام)، إذا قام انتصر من بني امية و من المكذبين و النصاب
Muhammad Bin Al Abbas, from Ali Bin Abdullah, from Ibrahim Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Hilal Al Ahmasy, from Al Hassan Bin Wahab, from Jabir Al Ju’fy,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws regarding the Words of the Mighty and Majestic: And the one who triumphs after having been oppressed, so those ones, they is no way (to blame) upon them [42:41], he-asws said: ‘That is Al-Qaim-asws, when he-asws rises, he-asws would overcome the clan of Umayya, and the beliers, and the Hostile Ones (Nasibis)’.[84]
[ في تفسير علي بن إبراهيم ] [ قال: ] حدثنا جعفر بن أحمد قال: حدثنا عبد الكريم بن عبد الرحيم، عن محمد بن علي، عن محمد بن الفضيل، عن أبي حمزة الثمالي، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام) قال: سمعته يقول: * (ولمن انتصر بعد ظلمه) * يعني القائم (عليه السلام) وأصحابه * (فأولئك ما عليهم من سبيل) * والقائم إذا قام انتصر من بني امية ومن المكذبين والنصاب هو وأصحابه وهو قول الله: * (إنما السبيل على الذين يظلمون الناس ويبغون في الارض بغير الحق أولئك لهم عذاب أليم)
In Tafseer of Ali Bin Ibrahim, said, ‘Ja’far Bin Ahmad narrated to us, from Abdul Kareem Bin Abdul Raheem, from Muhammad Bin Ali, from Muhammad Bin Al Fazeyl, from Abu Hamza Al Sumaly who said,
‘I heard Abu Ja’far-asws saying: ‘And the one who triumphs after having been oppressed [42:41] – Meaning Al-Qaim-asws and his-asws companions, so those ones, they is no way (to blame) upon them [42:41]. And Al-Qaim-asws, when he-asws rises, would overcome ones from the Clan of Umayya, and from the liars and the Hostile ones (Nasibis), him-asws and his-asws companions. And these are the Words of Allah-azwj: But rather, the way (to blame) is upon those who are oppressing the people and are rebelling in the land without the right. Those ones, for them is a painful Punishment [42:42]’.[85]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِي عِصْمَةَ قَاضِي مَرْوَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ يَكُونُ فِي آخِرِ الزَّمَانِ قَوْمٌ يُتَّبَعُ فِيهِمْ قَوْمٌ مُرَاءُونَ يَتَقَرَّءُونَ وَ يَتَنَسَّكُونَ حُدَثَاءُ سُفَهَاءُ لَا يُوجِبُونَ أَمْراً بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَ لَا نَهْياً عَنْ مُنْكَرٍ إِلَّا إِذَا أَمِنُوا الضَّرَرَ يَطْلُبُونَ لِأَنْفُسِهِمُ الرُّخَصَ وَ الْمَعَاذِيرَ يَتَّبِعُونَ زَلَّاتِ الْعُلَمَاءِ وَ فَسَادَ عَمَلِهِمْ يُقْبِلُونَ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ وَ الصِّيَامِ وَ مَا لَا يَكْلِمُهُمْ فِي نَفْسٍ وَ لَا مَالٍ وَ لَوْ أَضَرَّتِ الصَّلَاةُ بِسَائِرِ مَا يَعْمَلُونَ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَ أَبْدَانِهِمْ لَرَفَضُوهَا كَمَا رَفَضُوا أَسْمَى الْفَرَائِضِ وَ أَشْرَفَهَا
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from one of our companions, from Bashr Bin Abdullah, from Abu Isama, a judge of Merv, from Jabir,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘There would transpire at the end of the times, a people who would be followed by a show-off people. They would be reciting and performing the rituals of juvenile fools, not considering it an Obligation the enjoining of the good and the forbidding of the evil, except when they are safe from harm. They would be seeking for themselves the permission and the excuse of following the blunders of the scholars and their corrupt deeds. They would be coming upon the Salat and the Fasts and whatever does not affect their lives or their wealth. And if the Salat were to harm the rest of what they are doing with their wealth and their bodies, they would reject it just as they would reject the loftiest of the Obligations and its nobility.
إِنَّ الْأَمْرَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَ النَّهْيَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ فَرِيضَةٌ عَظِيمَةٌ بِهَا تُقَامُ الْفَرَائِضُ هُنَالِكَ يَتِمُّ غَضَبُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَيْهِمْ فَيَعُمُّهُمْ بِعِقَابِهِ فَيُهْلَكُ الْأَبْرَارُ فِي دَارِ الْفُجَّارِ وَ الصِّغَارُ فِي دَارِ الْكِبَارِ
The enjoining of the good, and the forbidding of the evil is a great Obligation by which the (other) Obligation stand. Over there the Anger of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Completed upon them and they are engulfed by His-azwj Punishment. So the righteous ones end up being destroyed in the house of the immoral ones, and the young ones in the house of the older ones.
إِنَّ الْأَمْرَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَ النَّهْيَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ سَبِيلُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَ مِنْهَاجُ الصُّلَحَاءِ فَرِيضَةٌ عَظِيمَةٌ بِهَا تُقَامُ الْفَرَائِضُ وَ تَأْمَنُ الْمَذَاهِبُ وَ تَحِلُّ الْمَكَاسِبُ وَ تُرَدُّ الْمَظَالِمُ وَ تُعْمَرُ الْأَرْضُ وَ يُنْتَصَفُ مِنَ الْأَعْدَاءِ وَ يَسْتَقِيمُ الْأَمْرُ
The enjoining of the good and the forbidding of the evil is a way of the Prophets-as and a manifesto of the righteous ones. (It is) a great Obligation by which the (other) Obligations stand, and the Doctrines are secured, and the earnings are made to be Permissible, and the injustices are repelled, and the lands are developed, and the justice is achieved from the enemies, and the matters are straightened.
فَأَنْكِرُوا بِقُلُوبِكُمْ وَ الْفِظُوا بِأَلْسِنَتِكُمْ وَ صُكُّوا بِهَا جِبَاهَهُمْ وَ لَا تَخَافُوا فِي اللَّهِ لَوْمَةَ لَائِمٍ فَإِنِ اتَّعَظُوا وَ إِلَى الْحَقِّ رَجَعُوا فَلَا سَبِيلَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِنَّمَا السَّبِيلُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يَظْلِمُونَ النَّاسَ وَ يَبْغُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ أُولئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذابٌ أَلِيمٌ
Therefore, deny the evil by your hearts, and the words of your tongues, and slap it in the foreheads, and do not fear with regards to Allah-azwj an accusation of the accuser. So, if they heed advice (fine), and to the Truth they should return. So there is no way against them, but rather: But rather, the way (to blame) is upon those who are oppressing the people and are rebelling in the land without the right. Those ones, for them is a painful Punishment [42:42].
هُنَالِكَ فَجَاهِدُوهُمْ بِأَبْدَانِكُمْ وَ أَبْغِضُوهُمْ بِقُلُوبِكُمْ غَيْرَ طَالِبِينَ سُلْطَاناً وَ لَا بَاغِينَ مَالًا وَ لَا مُرِيدِينَ بِظُلْمٍ ظَفَراً حَتَّى يَفِيئُوا إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ وَ يَمْضُوا عَلَى طَاعَتِهِ
So that is where you should be fighting them with your bodies, and hating them by your hearts without seeking any authority, nor gaining wealth, nor wanting a triumph by injustice, until they are loyal to the Command of Allah-azwj and go upon His-azwj obedience’.
قَالَ وَ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَى شُعَيْبٍ النَّبِيِّ ( صلوات الله عليه ) أَنِّي مُعَذِّبٌ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ مِائَةَ أَلْفٍ أَرْبَعِينَ أَلْفاً مِنْ شِرَارِهِمْ وَ سِتِّينَ أَلْفاً مِنْ خِيَارِهِمْ فَقَالَ ( عليه السلام ) يَا رَبِّ هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَشْرَارُ فَمَا بَالُ الْأَخْيَارِ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهِ دَاهَنُوا أَهْلَ الْمَعَاصِي وَ لَمْ يَغْضَبُوا لِغَضَبِي
He-asws said: ‘And Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed unto The Prophet Shuayb-as: “I-azwj will be Punishing, from your-as people, one hundred thousand, forty thousand being from their evil ones and sixty thousand being from their good ones”. So he-as said: ‘O Lord-azwj!’ They (the forty thousand) are evil, but what is the matter with the good ones?’ So Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed unto him-as: “They sweet-talked the people of the disobedience and were not angry due to My-azwj Anger”’.[86]
VERSES 44 – 46
وَمَنْ يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ ۗ وَتَرَى الظَّالِمِينَ لَمَّا رَأَوُا الْعَذَابَ يَقُولُونَ هَلْ إِلَىٰ مَرَدٍّ مِنْ سَبِيلٍ {44}
And one who Allah Lets to stray, so there would be no guardian for him from after it; and you will see the ones unjust, when they do see the Punishment, they would be saying, ‘Is there any way to return?’ [42:44]
وَتَرَاهُمْ يُعْرَضُونَ عَلَيْهَا خَاشِعِينَ مِنَ الذُّلِّ يَنْظُرُونَ مِنْ طَرْفٍ خَفِيٍّ ۗ وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّ الْخَاسِرِينَ الَّذِينَ خَسِرُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَأَهْلِيهِمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ۗ أَلَا إِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ فِي عَذَابٍ مُقِيمٍ {45}
And you will see them being presented to it, fearing from the abasement, looking with a fearful glance. And those who believe shall say, ‘Surely the losers are those who incurred losses for themselves and their families on the Day of Judgment. Indeed! The ones unjust would be in a permanent Punishment [42:45]
وَمَا كَانَ لَهُمْ مِنْ أَوْلِيَاءَ يَنْصُرُونَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ ۗ وَمَنْ يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ سَبِيلٍ {46}
And they shall have no friends to help them from besides Allah; and whom Allah Lets to stray, so they will be no way for him [42:46]
محمد بن العباس، قال: حدثنا أحمد بن القاسم، عن أحمد بن محمد السياري، عن محمد بن خالد، عن محمد بن علي الصيرفي، عن محمد بن فضيل، عن أبي حمزة، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، أنه قرأ: «وَ تَرَى الظَّالِمِينَ آل محمد حقهم لَمَّا رَأَوُا الْعَذابَ و علي هو العذاب يَقُولُونَ هَلْ إِلى مَرَدٍّ مِنْ سَبِيلٍ يعني أنه سبب العذاب، لأنه قسيم الجنة و النار
Muhammad Bin Al Abbas, from Ahmad Bin Al Qasim, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Sayyari, from Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Muhammad Bin Ali Al Sayrafi, from Muhammad Bin Fazeyl, from Abu Hamza,
(It has been narrated) from Ja’far-asws having recited: and you will see the ones unjust [42:44], to the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww of their-asws rights, when they do see the Punishment, and Ali-asws is the Punishment, saying, ‘Is there any way to return?’ [42:44] – Meaning, he-asws is the reason for their Punishment, because he-asws is the Distributor of the Paradise and the Fire (قسيم الجنة و النار)’.[87]
وعنه، قال: حدثنا أحمد بن القاسم، عن أحمد بن محمد السياري، عن البرقي، عن محمد بن أسلم، عن أيوب البزاز، عن عمرو بن شمر، عن جابر بن يزيد، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: «قوله عز و جل: خاشِعِينَ مِنَ الذُّلِّ يَنْظُرُونَ مِنْ طَرْفٍ خَفِيٍّ يعني [إلى] القائم (عليه السلام)
And from him, from Ahmad Bin Al Qasim, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al sayyari, from Al barqy, from Muhammad Bin Aslam, from Ayoub Al Bazaz, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir Bin Yazeed,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘The Words of the Mighty and Majestic: And you will see them being presented to it, fearing from the abasement, looking with a fearful glance [42:45], Meaning at Al-Qaim-asws’.[88]
ثم قال علي بن إبراهيم: أخبرنا جعفر بن أحمد، قال: حدثنا عبد الكريم بن عبد الرحيم، عن محمد بن علي، عن محمد بن الفضيل، عن أبي حمزة الثمالي، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: سمعته يقول: ثم قال أيضا: «قوله تعالى: وَ تَرَى الظَّالِمِينَ لآل محمد حقهم لَمَّا رَأَوُا الْعَذابَ و علي (عليه السلام) هو العذاب في هذا الوجه يَقُولُونَ هَلْ إِلى مَرَدٍّ مِنْ سَبِيلٍ
Then Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘Ja’far Bin Ahmad informed us, from Abdul Kareem Bin Abdul Raheem, from Muhammad Bin Ali, from Muhammad Bin Al Fazeyl, from Abu Hamza Al Sumaly,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws, said, ‘I heard him-asws saying: ‘The Words of the Exalted: and you will see the ones unjust [42:44] – to the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww of their-asws rights, when they do see the Punishment, and Ali-asws is the Punishment in this aspect, saying, ‘Is there any way to return?’ [42:44].
فنوالي عليا (عليه السلام) وَ تَراهُمْ يُعْرَضُونَ عَلَيْها خاشِعِينَ مِنَ الذُّلِّ لعلي يَنْظُرُونَ إلى علي مِنْ طَرْفٍ خَفِيٍّ
So Ali-asws would govern, And you will see them being presented to it, fearing from the abasement – to Ali-asws, looking with a fearful glance [42:45] – at Ali-asws.
وَ قالَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا يعني آل محمد و شيعتهم إِنَّ الْخاسِرِينَ الَّذِينَ خَسِرُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَ أَهْلِيهِمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيامَةِ أَلا إِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ لآل محمد حقهم فِي عَذابٍ مُقِيمٍ
And those who believe – Meaning the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww and their-asws Shias, shall say, ‘Surely the losers are those who incurred losses for themselves and their families on the Day of Judgment. Indeed! The ones unjust – to the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww of their-asws rights, would be in a permanent Punishment [42:45]’.
قال: و الله يعني النصاب الذين نصبوا العداوة لأمير المؤمنين و ذريته (عليهم السلام) و المكذبين وَ ما كانَ لَهُمْ مِنْ أَوْلِياءَ يَنْصُرُونَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَ مَنْ يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَما لَهُ مِنْ سَبِيلٍ
He-asws said: ‘And Allah-azwj Means the Hostile Ones (Nasibis) who established enmity towards Amir Al-Momineen-asws and his-asws offspring-asws, and the beliers: they shall have no friends to help them from besides Allah; and whom Allah Lets to stray, so they will be no way for him [42:46]’.[89]
VERSES 47 – 50
اسْتَجِيبُوا لِرَبِّكُمْ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ يَوْمٌ لَا مَرَدَّ لَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ ۚ مَا لَكُمْ مِنْ مَلْجَإٍ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَمَا لَكُمْ مِنْ نَكِيرٍ {47}
Respond to your Lord from before there comes a Day from Allah, there being no avoiding it [42:47]
فَإِنْ أَعْرَضُوا فَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَفِيظًا ۖ إِنْ عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا الْبَلَاغُ ۗ وَإِنَّا إِذَا أَذَقْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ مِنَّا رَحْمَةً فَرِحَ بِهَا ۖ وَإِنْ تُصِبْهُمْ سَيِّئَةٌ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ فَإِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ كَفُورٌ {48}
But if they turn aside, then We did not Send you as a keeper over them. Surely, upon you is only the delivery. And We, when We Make the human being to taste Mercy from us, he rejoices with it, and surely evil afflicts them due to what their own hands have sent ahead, for the human being is ungrateful [42:48]
لِلَّهِ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۚ يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَاءُ ۚ يَهَبُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ إِنَاثًا وَيَهَبُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ الذُّكُورَ {49}
For Allah is the Kingdom of the skies and the earth. He Creates whatever He so Desires to. He Grants to whom He pleases daughters and Grants to whom He pleases sons. [42:49]
أَوْ يُزَوِّجُهُمْ ذُكْرَانًا وَإِنَاثًا ۖ وَيَجْعَلُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ عَقِيمًا ۚ إِنَّهُ عَلِيمٌ قَدِيرٌ {50}
Or He Pairs them as males and females, and He Makes one He so Desires to, as barren. Surely, He is Knowing, Able [42:50]
علي بن إبراهيم، قال: في رواية أبي الجارود، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، في قوله تعالى: يَهَبُ لِمَنْ يَشاءُ إِناثاً: «يعني ليس معهن ذكر وَ يَهَبُ لِمَنْ يَشاءُ الذُّكُورَ يعني ليس معهم أنثى أَوْ يُزَوِّجُهُمْ ذُكْراناً وَ إِناثاً أي يهب لمن يشاء ذكرانا و إناثا جميعا، يجمع له البنين و البنات، أي يهبهم جميعا لواحد
Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘And in a report of Abu Al Jaroud,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: He Grants a daughters to one He so Desires to [42:49], he-asws said: ‘Meaning there are no sons with them, and Grants the sons to one He so Desires to [42:49] – Meaning there are no daughters with them, Or He Pairs them as males and females [42:50], i.e., He-azwj Endows to whosoever He-azwj Desires to, males and females together, Gathering for him the sons and the daughters, i.e., Endowing them all for one person’.[90]
ثم قال علي بن إبراهيم: حدثني أبي، عن المحمودي، و محمد بن عيسى بن عبيد، عن محمد بن إسماعيل الرازي، عن محمد بن سعيد، أن يحيى بن أكثم سأل موسى بن محمد، عن مسائل و فيها: أخبرنا عن قول الله عز و جل: أَوْ يُزَوِّجُهُمْ ذُكْراناً وَ إِناثاً، فهل يزوج الله عباده الذكران، و قد عاقب قوما فعلوا ذلك؟
Then Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘My father narrated to me, from Al Mahmoudy, and Muhammad Bin Isa Bin Ubeyd, from Muhammad Bin Ismail Al Razy, from Muhammad Bin Saeed who said that,
‘Yahya Bin Aksam asked Musa Bin Muhammad certain questions, and among these was, ‘Inform us about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Or He Pairs them as males and females [42:50]. So, does Allah-azwj Pair two males, and He-azwj has Punished people who did that?’
فسأل موسى أخاه أبا الحسن العسكري (عليه السلام)، و كان من جواب أبي الحسن (عليه السلام): «أما قوله تعالى: أَوْ يُزَوِّجُهُمْ ذُكْراناً وَ إِناثاً، فإن الله تبارك و تعالى يزوج ذكران المطيعين إناثا من الحور العين، و إناث المطيعات من النساء من ذكران المطيعين
Musa asked his brother Abu Al-Hassan Al-Askari-asws, and from the answer of Abu Al-Hassan-asws was: ‘As for the Words of the Exalted: Or He Pairs them as males and females [42:50], so Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted would get the obedient males to be married to women from the Maiden Houries, and the obedient females to the obedient males.
و معاذ الله أن يكون الجليل عنى ما لبست على نفسك تطلبا للرخصة لارتكاب المآثم وَ مَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذلِكَ يَلْقَ أَثاماً يُضاعَفْ لَهُ الْعَذابُ يَوْمَ الْقِيامَةِ وَ يَخْلُدْ فِيهِ مُهاناً أي إن لم يتب
And Allah-azwj Forbid that the Majestic should Mean what you have clothed upon yourself in seeking a licence for the commission of sins: And one who does that, indulges in sin [25:68] The Punishment would be doubled for him on the Day of Judgment, and he would be therein eternally in disgrace [25:69] – i.e., if he does not repent’.[91]
VERSE 51
وَمَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَنْ يُكَلِّمَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَّا وَحْيًا أَوْ مِنْ وَرَاءِ حِجَابٍ أَوْ يُرْسِلَ رَسُولًا فَيُوحِيَ بِإِذْنِهِ مَا يَشَاءُ ۚ إِنَّهُ عَلِيٌّ حَكِيمٌ {51}
And it was not for a person that Allah Speaks to him except as a Revelation, or from behind a Veil, or He Sends a Rasool, so he reveals by His Permission whatever He so Desires. He is Exalted, Wise [42:51]
المفيد: في حديث مسائل عبد الله بن سلام لرسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، قال له: يا محمد، فأخبرني، كلمك الله قبلا؟ قال: «ما لعبد أن يكلمه الله إلا وحيا أو من وراء حجاب». قال: صدقت يا محمد
Al Mufeed –
‘In a Hadeeth of the questions of Abdullah Bin Salam to Rasool-Allah-saww, he said to him-saww, ‘O Muhammad-saww! Inform me, does Allah-azwj Speak to you-saww face to face?’ He-saww said: ‘It is not for a servant that Allah-azwj Speaks to him except as Revelation, or from behind a Veil’. He said, ‘You-saww speak the truth, O Muhammad-saww!’[92]
حدثنا احمد بن محمد عن الحسين بن سعيد عن صفوان ومحمد عن معاوية بن عمار عن ابى الزبير عن جابر بن عبد الله الانصاري ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله في غزوة الطايف دعا عليا عليه السلام فناجاه فقال الناس وقال أبو بكر وعمر ناجاه دوننا فقام النبي صلى الله عليه وآله فحمد الله واثنى عليه ثم قال ايها الناس انكم تقولون انى ناجيت عليا عليه السلام انى والله ما ناجيته ولكن الله ناجاه
It has been narrated to us by Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al-Husayn Bin Saeed, from Safwaan and Muhammad, from Muawiya Bin Amaar, from Abu Al-Zayd, from Jabir Bin Abdullah Al-Ansary the following:
‘Rasool-Allah-saww, during the military expedition of Al-Ta’if, called Ali-asws, and he-saww whispered to him-asws’. The people said, and Abu Bakr and Umar said, ‘He-saww is whispering to him-asws apart from us’. The Prophet-saww stood up. He-saww Praised Allah-azwj and Commended Him-azwj, then said: ‘O you people, you all are saying that I-saww whispered to Ali-asws. By Allah-azwj, I-saww did not whisper to him-asws, but Allah-azwj whispered to him-asws’.
قال فعرضت هذا الحديث على ابى عبد الله عليه السلام فقال ان ذلك ليقال
He (the narrator) said, ‘I presented this Hadeeth to Abu Abdullah-asws. He-asws said: ‘That is what he-saww said’.[93]
وعنه بهذا الاسناد عن منيع عن يونس عن على بن اعين عن ابى عبد الله عليه السلام قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله لاهل الطايف لابعثن اليكم رجلا كنفسي يفتح الله به الخيبر سيفه سوطه فيشرف الناس له
And from him by this chain, from Muni’e, from Yunus, from Ali Bin Ayn, who has said:
‘Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool Allah-saww said for the inhabitants of Al-Ta’if: ‘I-saww am sending to you a man who is like myself-saww. Allah-azwj will Conquer Al-Khyber by him-asws, his-asws sword, his-asws whip. The people are honoured by it’.
فلما اصبح ودعا عليا عليه السلام فقال اذهب بالطايف ثم امر الله النبي صلى الله عليه وآله ان يرحل إليها بعد ان رحله على عليه السلام فلما صار إليها كان على راس الجبل فقال له رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله اثبت فسمعناه مثل صرير الرجل فقال يا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله ما هذا قال ان الله يناجى عليا عليه السلام
When it was the morning, he-saww called Ali-asws. He-saww said; ‘Go to Al-Ta’if’. Then Allah-azwj Commanded the Prophet-saww that he-saww should also join him-asws after Ali-asws had left. When he-saww reached to him-asws, Ali-asws was on the top of the mountain. Rasool-Allah-saww said to him-asws: ‘Stay there!’ We heard a squeak like the squeak of the man. We said, ‘O Rasool Allah-saww, what is this?’ He-saww said that: ‘Allah-azwj is Whispering to Ali-asws’.[94]
حدثنا ابراهيم بن هاشم عن البرقى عن ابن سنان وغيره عن عبد الله بن سنان قال قال أبو عبد الله عليه السلام قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله لقد اسرى بى ربى فأوحى إلى من وراء الحجاب ما اوحى وكلمني فكان مما كلمني ان قال يا محمد على الاول و على الاخر وهو بكل شى عليم
It has been narrated to us by Ibrahim Bin Haasham, from Al-Barqy, from Ibn Sinan, and someone else, from Abdullah Bin Sinan who said:
‘Abu Abdullah-asws says that the Rasool Allah-saww said: ‘My-saww Lord-azwj, He-azwj Revealed unto me-saww from behind the Veil what He-azwj Revealed, and Spoke to me-saww from what He-azwj Spoke to me-saww. He-azwj Said: “O Muhammad-saww, Ali-asws is the First and the Last and he-asws is a knower of all things”.
فقال يا رب اليس ذلك انت اليس ذلك انت فقال فقال يا محمد صلى الله عليه وآله انا الله لا اله الا انا الملك القدوس السلام المؤمن المهيمن العزيز الجبار المتكبر سبحان الله عما يشركون انى انا الله لا اله الا انا الخالق البارئ المصور له الاسماء الحسنى يسبح له من في السموات والارضين وانا العزيز الحكيم
He-saww said: ‘O Lord-azwj, is that not You-azwj, is that not You-azwj?’ He-azwj Said: “O Muhammad-saww, I-azwj am Allah-azwj. There is no god but I-azwj, the King, the Holy, the Saviour, the Guarantor, the Guardian, the Mighty, the Compeller, the Supreme. Glory be to Allah-azwj for there are no associates with Me-azwj. I-azwj am Allah-azwj, there is no god but I-azwj, the Creator, the Evolver, the Designer, for Whom-azwj are the Good Names. Whatsoever is in the Heavens and the earth Glorify Him-azwj, and I-azwj am the Mighty, the Wise.
يا محمد صلى الله عليه وآله انا الله لا اله الا انا الاول ولا شئ قبلى وانا الاخر فلا شئ بعدى وانا الظاهر فلا شئ فوقى وانا الباطن فلا شئ تحتي وانا الله لا اله الا انا بكل شى عليم يا محمد صلى الله عليه وآله على الاول اول من اخذ ميثاقي من الائمة يا محمد صلى الله عليه وآله على الاخر آخر من اقبض روحه من الائمة وهى الدابة التى تكلمهم
O Muhammad-saww, I-azwj am Allah-azwj, there is no god but I-azwj. The First, and there is nothing before Me-azwj, and I-azwj am the Last. There is nothing after Me-azwj, and I-azwj am the Manifest. There is nothing Higher than Me-azwj, and I-azwj am the Hidden. There is nothing below Me-azwj. And I-azwj am Allah-azwj, there is no god but I-azwj, the Knower of everything. O Muhammad-saww, Ali-asws is the first of the first one from the Imams-asws who took My-azwj Covenant. O Muhammad-saww, Ali-asws is the last one from the Imams-asws whose soul will be Captured, and he-asws is the walker (Al-Dabbat) who speaks.
يا محمد على الظاهر اظهر عليه جميع ما اوصيته اليك ليس لك ان تكتم منه شيئا يا محمد على الباطن ابطنة سر الذى اسررته اليك وليس فيما بينى و بينك سر ازويه عن على ما خلقت من حلال أو حرام على عليم به
O Muhammad-saww, Ali-asws is the manifest, for all that I-azwj have Advised to you has been showed to him-asws. It is not for you-saww to conceal from it anything. O Muhammad-saww, Ali-asws is the hidden. I-azwj Confided in him-asws the secret which I-azwj Confided in you-saww, and there is nothing between Me-azwj and you-saww of a secret but it has been narrated to Ali-asws. Whatever I-azwj have Created from the Permissible and the Prohibited, Ali-asws is the knower of it’.[95]
ابن بابويه، قال: حدثنا أحمد بن الحسن القطان، قال: حدثنا أحمد بن يحيى، عن بكر بن عبد الله ابن حبيب، قال: حدثني أحمد بن يعقوب بن مطر، قال: حدثني محمد بن الحسن بن عبد العزيز الأحدب الجنديسابوري، قال: وجدت في كتاب أبي بخطه: حدثنا طلحة بن زيد، عن عبيد الله بن عبيد، عن أبي معمر السعداني: أن رجلا أتى أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)- و ذكر حديث الشاك إلى أن قال- فقال أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) له: «و أما قوله تعالى: وَ ما كانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَنْ يُكَلِّمَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَّا وَحْياً أَوْ مِنْ وَراءِ حِجابٍ، ما ينبغي لبشر أن يكلمه الله إلا وحيا، و ليس بكائن إلا من وراء حجاب، أو يرسل رسولا فيوحي بإذنه ما يشاء
Ibn babuwayh said, ‘Ahmad bin al Hassan Al Qatan narrated to us, from Ahmad Bin Yahya, from Bakr Bin Abdullah Ibn Habeeb, from Ahmad Bin Yaqoub Bin Matar, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Abdul Aziz Al Ahdab Al Jandaysaboury who said, ‘I found in the book of my father, in his own handwriting, ‘Talha Bin Zayd narrated to us, from Ubeydullah in Ubeyd, from Abu Moamar Al Sa’dany,
‘A man came to Amir Al-Momineen-asws’ – and he mentioned the Hadeeth of the doubt up to the point where he said, ‘So Amir Al-Momineen-asws said to him: ‘And as for the Words of the Exalted: And it was not for a person that Allah Speaks to him except as a Revelation, or from behind a Veil [42:51] – it is not befitting for a mortal that Allah-azwj Speaks to him except as Revelation, and it does not happen except from behind a Veil, or He Sends a Rasool, so he reveals by His Permission whatever He so Desires [42:51].
[كذلك] قال الله تبارك و تعالى علوا كبيرا، قد كان الرسول يوحى إليه من رسل السماء، فيبلغ رسل السماء رسل الأرض، و قد كان الكلام بين رسل الأرض و بينه من غير أن يرسل بالكلام مع رسل أهل السماء
Like that Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted, Lofty, Great, Said so. There have been the Rasools-as being Revealed to from the Rasools (Angels) of the sky. So the Rasools of the sky deliver to the Rasools-as of the earth. And there has been the speech between the Rasools-as of the earth and Him-azwj from without the Speech having been Sent with the Rasools of the sky.
و قد قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): يا جبرئيل، هل رأيت ربك؟ فقال (عليه السلام): إن ربي لا يرى. فقال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): من أين تأخذ الوحي؟ فقال: آخذه من إسرافيل
And Rasool-Allah-saww had said: ‘O Jibraeel-as! Have you-as seen your-as Lord-azwj?’ He-as said: ‘My-as Lord-azwj cannot be seen’. So Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘From where do you-as take the Revelation?’ He-as said: ‘I-as take it from Israfeel-as’.
فقال: و [من] أين يأخذه إسرافيل؟ قال: يأخذه من ملك فوقه من الروحانيين. فقال: فمن أين يأخذه ذلك الملك؟ قال: يقذف في قلبه قذفا
So he-saww said: ‘And from who does Israfeel-as take?’ He-as said: ‘He-as takes it from an Angel above him-as, from the spiritual ones’. He-saww said: ‘So from where does that Angel take?’ He-as said: ‘It is cast into his heart by a casting.
فهذا وحي، و هو كلام الله عز و جل، و كلام الله ليس بنحو واحد، منه ما كلم الله به الرسل، و منه ما قذفه في قلوبهم، و منه رؤيا يريها الرسل، و منه وحي و تنزيل يتلى و يقرأ، فهو كلام الله
So this is a Revelation, and it is the Speech of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic. And the Speech of Allah-azwj isn’t by one method. From it is what Allah-azwj Speaks to the Rasools-as with, and from it is what He-azwj Casts into their-as hearts, from it is a dream He-azwj Shows to the Rasools-as, and from it is a Revelation Sent down being recited and read out. So, it is the Speech of Allah-azwj.
فاكتف بما وصفت لك من كلام الله، فإن معنى كلام الله ليس بنحو واحد، فإن منه ما يبلغ رسل السماء رسل الأرض». فقال: فرجت عني فرج الله عنك
Therefore, suffice with what I-asws describe to you from the Speech of Allah-azwj, for the meaning of the Speech of Allah-azwj is not by one method. So, from it is what the Rasools of the sky deliver to the Rasools-as of the earth’. He said, ‘You have relieved from me, may Allah-azwj Relieve you-asws’’.[96]
VERSES 52 & 53
وَكَذَٰلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ رُوحًا مِنْ أَمْرِنَا ۚ مَا كُنْتَ تَدْرِي مَا الْكِتَابُ وَلَا الْإِيمَانُ وَلَٰكِنْ جَعَلْنَاهُ نُورًا نَهْدِي بِهِ مَنْ نَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا ۚ وَإِنَّكَ لَتَهْدِي إِلَىٰ صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ {52}
And like that We Sent down a Spirit unto you from Our Command. You (people) did not know what the Book was, nor the Eman, but We Made it a ‘Noor’ (Light) We Guide with one We so Desire from Our servants; and surely you (Rasool) guide to the Straight Path [42:52]
صِرَاطِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۗ أَلَا إِلَى اللَّهِ تَصِيرُ الْأُمُورُ {53}
A Path of Allah Who, for Him is whatever is in the skies and whatever is in the earth. Indeed! To Allah do the matters eventually come/return [42:53]
Not knowing the Book and the Eman
تفسير القمي جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى لِنَبِيِّهِ- ما كُنْتَ تَدْرِي مَا الْكِتابُ وَ لَا الْإِيمانُ وَ لكِنْ جَعَلْناهُ نُوراً يَعْنِي عَلِيّاً وَ عَلِيٌّ هُوَ النُّورُ
Tafseer Al Qummi – Ja’far Bin Ahmad, from Abdul Kareem Bin Abdul Rahman, from Muhammad Bin Ali, from Muhammad Bin Al Fuzeyl, from Abu Hamza,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws regarding Words of Allah-azwj the Exalted to His-azwj Prophet-saww: ‘You (people) did not know what the Book was, nor the Eman, but We Made it a ‘Noor’ (Light) [42:52] – meaning Ali-asws, and Ali-asws, he-asws is the Noor.
فَقَالَ- نَهْدِي بِهِ مَنْ نَشاءُ مِنْ عِبادِنا يَعْنِي عَلِيّاً بِهِ هَدَى مَنْ هَدَى مِنْ خَلْقِهِ وَ قَالَ اللَّهُ لِنَبِيِّهِ- وَ إِنَّكَ لَتَهْدِي إِلى صِراطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ يَعْنِي أَنَّكَ لَتَأْمُرُ بِوَلَايَةِ عَلِيٍّ وَ تَدْعُو إِلَيْهَا
He-azwj Said: We Guide with one We so Desire from Our servants; [42:52] – meaning Ali-asws, Guiding through him-asws the one from His-azwj creatures He-azwj Guides. And Allah-azwj Said to His-azwj Prophet-saww: and surely you (Rasool) guide to the Straight Path [42:52] – meaning you-saww should instruct with the Wilayah of Ali-asws and call to it.
وَ عَلِيٌّ هُوَ الصِّرَاطُ الْمُسْتَقِيمُ صِراطِ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي عَلِيّاً- الَّذِي لَهُ ما فِي السَّماواتِ وَ ما فِي الْأَرْضِ يَعْنِي عَلِيّاً أَنَّهُ جَعَلَهُ خَازِنَهُ عَلَى مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ وَ ائْتَمَنَهُ عَلَيْهِ أَلا إِلَى اللَّهِ تَصِيرُ الْأُمُورُ
And Ali-asws, he-asws is the Straight Path, A Path of Allah – meaning Ali-asws – Who, for Him is whatever is in the skies and whatever is in the earth. – meaning Ali-asws. He-azwj Made him-asws His-azwj treasurer upon whatever is in the skies and whatever is in the earth, of anything, and Entrusted it to him-asws – Indeed! To Allah do the matters eventually come [42:53]’’.[97]
11- فس، تفسير القمي بِالْإِسْنَادِ الْمُتَقَدِّمِ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ هَاتَانِ الْآيَتَانِ هَكَذَا قَوْلُ اللَّهِ- حَتَّى إِذَا جَاءَانَا يَعْنِي فُلَاناً وَ فُلَاناً يَقُولُ أَحَدُهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ حِينَ يَرَاهُ- يا لَيْتَ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَكَ بُعْدَ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ فَبِئْسَ الْقَرِينُ
Tafseer Al Qummi – By the preceding chain, from Abu Hamza,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘These two Verses were Revealed like this – Words of Allah-azwj: ‘Until when he comes to Us [43:38] – Meaning so and so, and so and so (Abu Bakr and Umar), he will say, one of them to the other, ‘Oh! If only between me and you was the distance of the east and the west!’ So evil is the associate [43:38].
فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِنَبِيِّهِ قُلْ لِفُلَانٍ وَ فُلَانٍ وَ أَتْبَاعِهِمَا- لَنْ يَنْفَعَكُمُ الْيَوْمَ إِذْ ظَلَمْتُمْ آلَ مُحَمَّدٍ حَقَّهُمْ أَنَّكُمْ فِي الْعَذَابِ مُشْتَرِكُونَ
Allah-azwj Said to His-azwj Prophet-saww: Say to so and so, and so and so (Abu Bakr and Umar) and the followers of these two: And it will never profit you today, since you were unjust – to the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww of their-asws rights, You are (now) sharers in the Punishment [43:39].
ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُ لِنَبِيِّهِ- أَ فَأَنْتَ تُسْمِعُ الصُّمَّ أَوْ تَهْدِي الْعُمْيَ وَ مَنْ كانَ فِي ضَلالٍ مُبِينٍ- فَإِمَّا نَذْهَبَنَّ بِكَ فَإِنَّا مِنْهُمْ مُنْتَقِمُونَ يَعْنِي مِنْ فُلَانٍ وَ فُلَانٍ
Then He-azwj Said to His-azwj Prophet-saww: So, can you make the deaf to hear, or guide the blind and the one who was in clear straying? [43:40] So if We were to Take you away, We would still Take Revenge from them [43:41], Meaning from so and so, and so and so (Abu Bakr and Umar).
ثُمَّ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى نَبِيِّهِ- فَاسْتَمْسِكْ بِالَّذِي أُوحِيَ إِلَيْكَ فِي عَلِيٍّ إِنَّكَ عَلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ يَعْنِي أَنَّكَ عَلَى وَلَايَةِ عَلِيٍّ وَ عَلِيٌّ هُوَ الصِّرَاطُ الْمُسْتَقِيمُ
Then Allah-azwj Revealed to His-azwj Prophet-saww: Therefore adhere with that which is Revealed unto you [43:43] – regarding Ali-asws, surely you are upon a Straight Path [43:43] – Meaning, you-saww are upon the Wilayah of Ali-asws, and Ali-asws, he-asws is the Straight Path’’.[98]
The Guiding Light
وعنه، قال: حدثنا علي بن عبد الله، عن إبراهيم بن محمد، عن علي بن هلال، عن الحسن بن وهب العبسي، عن جابر الجعفي، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام) في قول الله عز و جل: وَ لكِنْ جَعَلْناهُ نُوراً نَهْدِي بِهِ مَنْ نَشاءُ مِنْ عِبادِنا، قال: «ذاك علي بن أبي طالب (عليه السلام)
And from him, from Ali Bin Abdullah, from Ibrahim Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Hilal, from Al Hassan Bin Wahab Al Abasy, from Jabir Al Ju’fy,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: but We Made it a Light We Guide with one We so Desire from Our servants; and surely you guide to the Straight Path [42:52], he-asws said: ‘That (Light) is Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws’.[99]
علي بن إبراهيم، قال: حدثنا جعفر بن أحمد، قال: حدثنا عبد الكريم بن عبد الرحيم، قال: حدثنا محمد بن علي، عن محمد بن الفضيل، عن أبي حمزة، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، في قول الله لنبيه (صلى الله عليه و آله): ما كُنْتَ تَدْرِي مَا الْكِتابُ وَ لَا الْإِيمانُ وَ لكِنْ جَعَلْناهُ نُوراً: «يعني عليا (عليه السلام)، و علي هو النور، فقال: نَهْدِي بِهِ مَنْ نَشاءُ مِنْ عِبادِنا يعني عليا (عليه السلام)، هدى به من هدى من خلقه
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Ja’far Bin Ahmad, from Abdul Kareem Bin Abdul Raheem, from Muhammad Bin Ali, from Muhammad Bin Al Fazeyl, from Abu Hamza,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj to His-azwj Prophet-saww [42:52] And thus We Revealed to you a Spirit from Our Command. You did not know what the Book was, nor the belief, but We Made it a Light, he-asws said: ‘(Light) meaning Ali-asws, and Ali-asws is the Light, so He-azwj Said Guiding thereby whom We Desire to of Our servants, Meaning Ali-asws, Guide by him-asws the one whom He-azwj Guides from His-azwj creatures’.
و قال لنبيه (صلى الله عليه و آله): وَ إِنَّكَ لَتَهْدِي إِلى صِراطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ يعني إنك لتأمر بولاية أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)، و تدعو إليها، و علي هو الصراط المستقيم صِراطِ اللَّهِ يعني عليا (عليه السلام) الَّذِي لَهُ ما فِي السَّماواتِ وَ ما فِي الْأَرْضِ يعني عليا (عليه السلام) أن جعله خازنه على ما في السماوات و ما في الأرض، و أئتمنه عليه أَلا إِلَى اللَّهِ تَصِيرُ الْأُمُورُ
And he-azwj Said to His-azwj Prophet-saww and most surely you show the way to the Straight Path, Meaning you-saww are commanding for the Wilayah of Amir Ul Momineen-asws, and calling them to it, and Ali-asws is the Straight Path, [42:53] The Path of Allah, Meaning Ali-asws Whose is whatsoever is in the skies and whatsoever is in the earth Meaning Ali-asws having Made him-asws as the Treasurer of whatsoever is in the skies and in the earth, and Entrusted it to him-asws Indeed, to Allah do all affairs eventually come’.[100]
Guiding to the Straight Path
محمد بن الحسن الصفار: عن عبد الله بن عامر، عن أبي عبد الله البرقي، عن الحسين بن عثمان، عن محمد بن الفضيل، عن أبي حمزة، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: «قوله تعالى: إِنَّكَ لَتَهْدِي إِلى صِراطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ، إنك لتأمر بولاية علي (عليه السلام) و تدعو إليها، و هو الصراط المستقيم
Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Al Saffar, from Abdullah Bin Aamir, from Abu Abdullah Al Barqy, from Al Hassan Bin Usman, from Muhammad Bin Al Fazeyl, from Abu Hamza,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘The Words of the exalted: and surely you guide to the Straight Path [42:52], you-saww are commanding for the Wilayah of Ali-asws and are calling them to him-asws, and he-asws is the Straight Path’.[101]
The Spirit
حدثنا احمد بن محمد عن الحسين بن سعيد عن النضر بن سويد عن يحيى الحلبي عن ابى الصباح الكنانى عن ابى بصير قال سئلت ابا عبد الله عن قول الله تبارك وتعالى وكذلك اوحينا اليك روحا من امرنا ما كنت تدرى ما الكتاب ولا الايمان قال خلق من خلق الله اعظم من جبرئيل وميكائيل كان مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله يخبره ويسدده وهو مع الائمة من بعده
It has been narrated to us by Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al-Husayn Bin Saeed, from Al-Nazar Bin Suweyd, from Yahya Al-Halby, from Abu Al-Sabaah Al-Kanany, from Abu Baseer who said:
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the Statement of Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted: And like that We Sent down a Spirit unto you from Our Command. You did not know what the Book was, nor the Eman [42:52]. He-asws said: ‘A Creature from the creatures of Allah-azwj, greater than Jibraeel-as and Mikaeel-as. It was with Rasool-Allah-saww, informed him-saww and protected him-saww, and it is with the Imams-asws after him-saww’.[102]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ عَنْ أَسْبَاطِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ قَالَ سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ هِيتَ وَ أَنَا حَاضِرٌ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ كَذلِكَ أَوْحَيْنا إِلَيْكَ رُوحاً مِنْ أَمْرِنا فَقَالَ مُنْذُ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ ذَلِكَ الرُّوحَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) مَا صَعِدَ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَ إِنَّهُ لَفِينَا
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Ali Bin Asbat, from Asbat Bin Salim who said,
‘A man from the people of Hayt asked him-asws and I was present, about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: And like that We Sent down a Spirit unto you from Our Command [42:52]. So he-asws said: ‘Since Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Sent down the Spirit unto Muhammad-saww, it has not ascended to the sky, and it is among us-asws’.[103]
The Trustee
حدثنا عبد الله بن عامر عن ابى عبد الله البرقى عن الحسين بن عثمان عن محمد بن الفضيل عن ابى حمزة الثمالى عن ابى جعفر عليه السلام في قول الله تبارك وتعالى صراط الله الذى له مافى السموات وما في الارض يعنى عليا انه جعل عليا خازنه على مافى السموات وما في الارض من شئ وائتمنه عليه الا إلى الله تصير الامور
Narrated to us Abdullah Bin Aamir, from Abu Abdullah Al-Barqy, from Al-Husayn Bin Usman, from Muhammad Bin Al-Fazeyl, from Abu Hamza Al-Thumaly, who has said:
Abu Ja’far-asws, regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted: A Path of Allah Who, for Him is whatever is in the skies and whatever is in the earth. Indeed! To Allah do the matters eventually come [42:53], said: ‘It means Ali-asws. He-azwj Made Ali-asws His-azwj Treasurer on whatsoever is in the Heavens and whatsoever is in the Earth from things and entrusted it all to him-asws, but it is to Allah-azwj that the matters return’.[104]
[1] تفسير القمي، ج2، ص: 267
[2] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 67 – The book of Eman and Kufr – Ch 59 H 1
[3] Bihar Al Anwaar – V 35, The book of History – Amir Al Momineenasws, Ch 16 H 22
[4] Bihar Al Anwaar – V 35, The book of History – Amir Al Momineenasws, Ch 22 H 8
[5] تفسير القمي، ج2، ص: 267
[6] تأويل الآيات 2: 545/ 9
[7] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 33, The book of Fitna (Strife) And Ordeals, Ch 16 H 420
[8] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 23, The book of Imamate, P 1 Ch 13 H 1
[9] Bihar Al Anwaar – V 51, The book of History – Imam Al Mahdi-ajfj, Ch 5 H 13
[10] Bihar Al Anwaar – V 35, The book of History – Amir Al Momineenasws, Ch 16 H 10
[11] ثواب الأعمال: 113.
[12] (خواص القرآن)
[13] Tafseer Al Burhan – H 9463
[14] تفسير نور الثقلين، ج4، ص: 557 – H 2
[15] تفسير القمّي 2: 267.
[16] تأويل الآيات 2: 542/ 3.
[17] تفسير القمّي 2: 268.
[18] تفسير نور الثقلين، ج4، ص: 558 – H 7
[19] Basaair Al Darajaat – P 5 CH 4 H 1
[20] Basaair Al Darajaat – P 5 CH 4 H 4
[21] تفسير القمّي 2: 268.
[22] ILLAL AL SHARAIE – V 2 Ch 137 H 1
[23] ILLAL AL SHARAIE – V 2 Ch 137 H 3
[24] تفسير نور الثقلين، ج4، ص: 558 – H 12
[25] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 33, The book of Fitna (Strife) And Ordeals, Ch 19 H 517
[26] تأويل الآيات 2: 542/ 4
[27] المناقب 2: 339.
[28] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Divine Authority CH 108 H 92
[29] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Divine Authority CH 33 H 1
[30] Basaair Al Darajaat – P 10 CH 18 H 35
[31] الغيبة: 113/ 6.
[32] تفسير القمّي 2: 273
[33] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Divine Authority CH 108 H 32
[34] الكافي 1: 346/ 32.
[35] تفسير القمّي 12: 274.
[36] بحار الأنوار (ط – بيروت)، ج53، ص: 2
[37] الكافي 1: 361/ 92.
[38] تفسير القمي 2: 274.
[39] كامل الزيارات، النص، ص: 326 – H 2
[40] Al Kafi – V 8 H 14880 (Extract)
[41] تفسير القمي 2: 274
[42] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Divine Authority CH 65 H 3 (Extract)
[43] قرب الإسناد: 38
[44] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Divine Authority CH 108 H 7
[45] تأويل الآيات 2: 545/ 9
[46] مجمع البيان 9: 43، الصواعق المحرقة: 170
[47] الكافي 8: 93/ 66
[48] تفسير الطبري 25: 16، العمدة: 51/ 46
[49] تفسير القمّي 2: 275 (extract)
[50] Al Mahaasin – V 1 Bk 4 – H 47
[51] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Supplication CH 34 H 1
[52] Al Mahaasin – V 1 Bk 4 – H 45
[53] Al Mahaasin – V 1 Bk 4 – H 46
[54] مجمع البيان 9: 43، شواهد التنزيل 2: 140/ 137
[55] Taweel Al Ayaat Al Zaahira – H 16
[56] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Divine Authority CH 95 H 4
[57] تأويل الآيات 2: 2: 545/ 8
[58] الكافي 8: 379/ 574.
[59] Tafseer Abu Hamza Al Sumaly – Hadeeth No. 273
[60] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Supplication CH 30 H 3
[61] تفسير القمّي 2: 276.
[62] Al Kafi – H 14714
[63] Al Kafi – V 8 H 14515
[64] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 111 H 3
[65] Tafseer Imam Hassan Al Askariasws – S 165
[66] الكافي 2: 326/ 2.
[67] Kitab Al Zohad – Ch 18 H 266
[68] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 195 H 6
[69] تفسير القمّي 2: 352
[70] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 195 H 6
[71] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 2, The book of intellect, and the knowledge, and the ignorance, S 2 Ch. 34 H 33
[72] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 2, The book of intellect, and the knowledge, and the ignorance, S 2 Ch. 34 H 16
[73] Al Mahaasin – V 1 Bk 5 H 70
[74] تفسير القمّي 1: 199. (Extract)
[75] تفسير القمّي 1: 309.
[76] الكافي 1: 161/ 3 (Extract)
[77] المحاسن: 252/ 273
[78] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 8, The book of Justice, S 3, Ch 21 H 82
[79] Tafseer Noor Al Saqalayn – CH 53 H 75
[80] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 112 H 24
[81] تفسير القمي 2: 277.
[82] Bihar Al Awaar – V 46, The book of History – Ja’far Al Sadiqasws, Ch 7 H 4 a
[83] Al-Kafi, Vol. 1, H. 181 الكافي ج : 1 ص : 44
[84] تأويل الآيات 2: 549/ 18.
[85] Tafseer Abu Hamza Al Sumaly – Hadeeth No. 276
[86] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Jihaad Ch 25 H 1
[87] تأويل الآيات 2: 550/ 19.
[88] تأويل الآيات 2: 550/ 20.
[89] تفسير القمّي 2: 278 (Extract)
[90] تفسير القمّي 2: 278.
[91] تفسير القمّي 2: 278.
[92] الاختصاص: 43.
[93] Basaair Al Darajaat – P 8 CH 16 H 3
[94] Basaair Al Darajaat – P 8 CH 16 H 10
[95] Basaair Al Darajaat – P 10 CH 18 H 36
[96] التوحيد: 264/ 5.
[97] Bihar Al Anwaar – V 35, The book of History – Amir Al Momineenasws, Ch 16 H 10
[98] Bihar Al Anwaar – V 35, The book of History – Amir Al Momineenasws, Ch 16 H 11 a
[99] تأويل الآيات 2: 551/ 22.
[100] تفسير القمّي 2: 279.
[101] بصائر الدرجات: 98/ 5
[102] Basaair Al Darajaat – P 9 CH 16 H 2
[103] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Divine Authority CH 56 H 2
[104] Basaair Al Darajaat – P 2 CH 19 H 16