CHAPTER 14
IBRAHIM
(Prophet Abraham)
سورة ابراهيم
(52 VERSES)
VERSES 1 – 27
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
Brief Introduction of Sura Ibrahim (14):
Sura Al-Ibrahim (52 verses) was revealed in Makkkah.[1] The Surah Ibarahim (14) is named after Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham), mentioned in Verse 35:
وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّ اجْعَلْ هَٰذَا الْبَلَدَ آمِنًا وَاجْنُبْنِي وَبَنِيَّ أَنْ نَعْبُدَ الْأَصْنَامَ And when Ibrahim said: ‘Lord! Make this city (Makkah) secure, and Keep me and my sons away from worshiping the idols [14:35].
In Tafseer Al-Qummi, “Alif Lam Ra. A Book We Revealed to you, for you to extract the people from the (multitude of) darkness to the Light by the Permission of their Lord, [14:1].” Meaning, from disbelief to Eman (faith), to the path of the Almighty, the Praiseworthy (14:1). The path is the clear road, and is the Imamate of the Imams-asws, as is His-azwj statement, “An example of those who are committing Kufr with their Lord (14:18).” He-asws said, “Whoever does not acknowledge the guardianship of the Amir Al-Momineen-asws (Commander of the Faithful), his deeds are invalidated like ashes.” The one whom the wind brings and carries away (14:18).[2]
‘I heard Abu Ja’far-asws saying: ‘The Days of Allah [14:5] – are three – the day Al-Qaim-ajfj would rise, and the day of Al-Karra (Raj’at’), and the Day of Qiyamah’’.[3]
‘Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws bequeathed to his-asws son Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws. He-asws said: ‘O my-asws son-asws! I-asws am making you-asws my-asws caliph (replacement) from after me-asws. No one will claim regarding what is between me-asws and you-asws, except Allah-azwj would Collar him with a collar of Fire on the Day of Qiyamah. So, praise Allah-azwj and thank Him-azwj.
O my-asws son-asws! Be thankful to the One-azwj Who Conferred upon you-asws and favour upon the one who thanks you-asws, for a bounty cannot decline when it is thanked for, nor would it last when it is denied. And the grateful one who thanks Him-azwj is more fortunate than the one being with the bounty which the thanks had been obligated by it upon him’.
And Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws recited this Verse: “If you are grateful, I would Increase it for you, and if you are ungrateful, then My Punishment is Severe” [14:7]’’.[4]
‘Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws bequeathed to his-asws son Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws. He-asws said: ‘O my-asws son-asws! I-asws am making you-asws my-asws caliph (replacement) from after me-asws. No one will claim regarding what is between me-asws and you-asws, except Allah-azwj would Collar him with a collar of Fire on the Day of Qiyamah. So praise Allah-azwj and thank Him-azwj.
يَا بُنَيَّ اشْكُرْ لِمَنْ أَنْعَمَ عَلَيْكَ وَ أَنْعِمْ عَلَى مَنْ شَكَرَكَ فَإِنَّهُ لَا تَزُولُ نِعْمَةٌ إِذَا شُكِرَتْ وَ لَا بَقَاءَ لَهَا إِذَا كُفِرَتْ وَ الشَّاكِرُ بِشُكْرِهِ أَسْعَدُ مِنْهُ بِالنِّعْمَةِ الَّتِي وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ بِهَا الشُّكْرُ
O my-asws son-asws! Be thankful to the One-azwj Who Conferred upon you-asws and favour upon the one who thanks you-asws, for a bounty cannot decline when it is thanked for, nor would it last when it is denied. The grateful one is happier with his gratitude than with the favour for which he is obligated to be grateful. And Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws recited this Verse: “If you are grateful, I would Increase it for you, and if you are ungrateful, then My Punishment is Severe” [14:7]’’.[5]
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I asked him-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj the Exalted: an example of a good word [14:24] – the Verse. He-asws said: ‘The tree’ is Rasool-Allah-saww, and his-as lineage is affirmed in the Clan of Hashim, and the root of the tree is Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, and a branch of the tree is (Syeda) Fatima-asws, and its fruits are the Imams-asws from the sons-asws of Ali-asws and Fatima-asws, and its leaves are the Shias, and that the Momin from our-asws Shias dies and a leaf falls from the tree, and the Momin is born, and a leaf sprouts in the tree’.
I said, ‘What is your view of His-azwj Words: Yielding its fruit in every season by the permission of its Lord? [14:25]?’
He-asws said: ‘It means by that what Fatwas the Imams-as issued to their-asws Shias during every Hajj and Umrah, from the Permissible and the Prohibition. Then Allah-azwj Struck an example for the enemies of the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww, so He-azwj Said: And an example of a wicked word is like a wicked tree uprooted from above the ground, there would be not stability for it [14:26]’’.[6]
‘Some people entered to see Abu Ja’far-asws and they asked him-asws a sign. He-asws informed them of their names and informed them of whatever they asked him-asws about, and he-asws said: ‘You are intending to ask about this Verse from the Book of Allah-azwj: like a good tree, its roots are stable, and its branches are in the sky [14:24] Yielding its fruit in every season by the permission of its Lord? [14:25]’.
They said, ‘You-asws speak the truth. This is the Verse we wanted to ask you-asws of’. He-asws said: ‘We-asws are the tree which Allah-azwj the Exalted Said: its roots are stable, and its branches are in the sky [14:24], and we-asws give our-asws Shias whatever we-asws so desired to from the matters of our-asws knowledge’’.[7]
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws regarding Words of the Exalted: Allah Strikes an example of a good word [14:24] – the Verse. He-asws said: ‘This is an example Allah-azwj Struck for People-asws of the Household of His-azwj Prophet-saww, and for ones inimical to them-asws, it is an example of a wicked word is like a wicked tree uprooted from above the ground, there would be not stability for it [14:26]’’.[8]
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I asked him-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj the Exalted: Do you not see those who replaced the Favour of Allah for Kufr [14:28], he-asws said: ‘It was Revealed regarding the immoral ones from Quraysh – the clan of Umayya, and clan of Al-Mugheira. As for the clan of Al-Mugheira, Allah-azwj Cut-off their tails on the day of (the battle of) Badr, and as for the clan of Umayya, they were respited for a time’.
Then he-asws said: ‘We-asws are the Favour of Allah-azwj which Allah-azwj has Favoured upon His-azwj servants, and by us he succeeds, the one who succeeds’’.[9]
‘I entered to see my Master Ali-asws Bin Muhammad-asws. When he-asws sighted me-asws, said to me: ‘Welcome to you, O Abu Al-Qasim! You are our-asws friend, truly’. I said to him-asws, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! I want to present my religion to you-asws. If it is agreeable, I shall be steadfast upon it until I meet Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic’. He-asws said: ‘Give, O Abu Al-Qasim!’
I said, ‘I am saying that Allah-azwj the Blessed and Exalted is One, there isn’t anything like Him-azwj, outside of the limitation, limit of the invalidation and limit of the resemblance, and He-azwj is neither with a body, nor image, nor display, nor essence, but He-azwj is Maker of the bodies, and Imager of the images, and Creator of the displays and the essences, and Lord-azwj of all things, and its Owner, and its Maker, and its Innovator.
And that Muhammad-saww is His-azwj servant and His-azwj Rasool-saww, being last of the Prophets-as. There is no Prophet-as after him-saww up to the Day of Qiyamah, and that his-saww Law is His-azwj last Law and there will be no Law after it up to the Day of Qiyamah.
And I am saying that the Imam-asws and the caliph, and Master-asws of the command after him-saww is Amir Al-Momineen Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, then Al-Hassan-asws, then Al-Husayn-asws, then Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws, then Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws, then Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, then Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws, then Ali-asws Bin Musa-asws, then Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws, then you-asws are my Master-asws’.
He-asws said: ‘And from after me-asws is my-asws son-asws Al-Hassan-asws. So, how would it be for the people with the replacement from after him-asws?’
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘And how is that so, O my Master-asws?’ He-asws said: ‘Because he-asws as person will not be seen, nor would it be permissible to mention his-asws name until he-asws emerges. He-asws will the earth with fairness and justice like what it had been filled with tyranny and injustice’’.
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘I acknowledge, and I am saying that their-asws friend is a friend of Allah-azwj, and their-asws enemy is an enemy of Allah-azwj, obeying them-asws is obeying Allah-azwj, and disobeying them-asws is disobeying Allah-azwj.
And I am saying that the Mi’raj (Ascension) is true, and the questioning in the grave is true, and that the Paradise is true, and the Fire is true, and the Bridge is true, and the Scale is true, And the Hour is coming, there is no doubt in it, and that Allah will Resurrect the ones in the graves [22:7].
And I am saying that the Imposition, the Obligation after the Wilayah is the Salat, and the Zakat, and the Fasts, and the Hajj, and the Jihad, and the enjoining with the good and the forbidding from the evil’.
Ali-asws Bin Muhammad-asws said: ‘O Abu Al-Qasim! By Allah-azwj, this is the religion of Allah-azwj which He-azwj is Pleased with for His-azwj servants, so be affirmed upon it, may Allah-azwj Affirm you, with the Firm Word in the life of the world and in the Hereafter, [14:27]’’.[10]
تفسير فرات بن إبراهيم الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ مُعَنْعَناً عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى يُثَبِّتُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ فِي الْحَياةِ الدُّنْيا وَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ قَالَ بِوَلَايَةِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع
Tafseer Furaat Bin Ibrahim – Al-Husayn Bin Al Hakam transmitting from Ibn Abbas,
‘Regarding Words of the Exalted: Allah Affirms those who believe with the Firm Word in the life of the world and in the Hereafter, [14:27]. He said, ‘Wilayah of Amir Al-Momineen Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws.
And Allah-azwj the Exalted Said: “O Ibrahim-as! I will Make you an Imam for the people”. He – Ibrahim-as – said: ‘And from my offspring?’ He Said: My Covenant cannot be attained by the unjust [2:124]. He said, ‘The unjust is one who associated with Allah-azwj and slaughters (sacrifices) for the idols. So, there did not remain anyone from the Quraysh and the Arabs from before the Sending of the Prophet-saww, except and he had associated with Allah-azwj and had worshipped the idols, and slaughtered (offerings) to these, apart from Amir Al-Momineen Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws.
He-asws had been a Muslim from before the Pen had flowed upon him-asws. So, an Imam-asws cannot happen to be one who associates with Allah-azwj and slaughters (offerings) for the idols, because Allah-azwj the Exalted Said: My Covenant cannot be attained by the unjust [2:124]’’.[11]
(The book) ‘Al-Manaqib’ of Ibn Shehr Ashub – Al-Sadiq-asws and Al-Baqir-asws regarding Words of Exalted: Do you not see those who replaced the Favour of Allah for Kufr [14:28]: ‘Favour of Allah-azwj is His-azwj Rasool-saww when he-saww informed his-saww community with the one-asws from the Imams-asws who will be guiding them, and released their people into the abode of perdition? [14:28]. That is the meaning of the words of the Prophet-saww: ‘Do not be returning after me-saww becoming Kafirs, striking the necks of each other’.
And the Religion is built upon following the Prophet-saww: Say (O Rasool): ‘If you love Allah, then follow me. [3:32], and following the Book: and follow the Light which has descended with him, [7:157], and following the Imams-asws from his-saww children: and those who followed them with goodness [9:100].
Thus, following the Prophet-saww would inherit the love, Allah will Love you’ [3:31], and following the Book would inherit the fortunes, then the one who follows Guidance, he will neither stray nor be wretched [20:123], and following the Imams-asws would inherit the Paradise’’.[12]
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj: those who replaced the Favour of Allah for Kufr [14:28], so he-asws said: ‘What are you saying regarding that?’ He said, ‘We are saying, those two are the two immoral ones from Quraysh – clan of Umayya and clan of Al-Mugheira’.
He-asws said: ‘Yes, it is Quraysh, all. Allah-azwj Addressed His-azwj Prophet-saww so He-azwj Said: “I-azwj Merited Quraysh over the Arabs, and Favoured upon them with My-azwj Favour, and Sent you-saww to them as a Rasool-saww, but their replaced My-azwj Favoured and belied My-azwj Rasool-saww’’.[13]
‘From Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws having said: ‘Ibrahim-as, the Friend of Allah-azwj, may the Salawaat of Allah-azwj be upon him-as, supplicated to his-as Lord-azwj. He-as said: And when Ibrahim said: ‘Lord! Make this city secure, and Keep me and my sons away from worshiping the idols [14:35], his-as supplication was achieved by the Prophet-as, so Allah-azwj Honoured him-saww with the Prophet-hood; and his-as supplication was achieved by Amir Al-Momineen Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, so Allah-azwj Specialised him-asws with the Imamate and the successor-ship’’.[14]
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘‘I said to him-asws, ‘Inform me about the community of Muhammad-saww, who are they?’ He-asws said: ‘The community of Muhammad-saww, is the Clan of Hashim-as in particular’.
I said, ‘So what is the proof regarding the community of Muhammad-saww that they are the People-asws of his-saww Household who are Mentioned besides the others?’ He-asws said: ‘The Words of Allah-azwj And when Ibrahim and Ismail raised the foundations of the House (Kabah): (They said): ‘Our Lord! Accept from us; surely You are the Hearing, the Knowing [2:127] Our Lord! And Make us both submissive to You, and from our offspring a community submitting to You, and Show us our rituals and Turn to us, surely You are the Oft-turning, the Merciful [2:128].
When Allah-azwj Answered Ibrahim-as and Ismail-as, and Made from their-as offspring a submissive community, and Sent among them a Rasool-saww from among them – Meaning from that very community – reciting to them His-azwj Verses, and purifying them, and teaching them the Book and the Wisdom, so Ibrahim-as succeeded in his-as first supplication by his-as other supplication.
He-as asked for them to be Purified from the Polytheism and from worshipping of the idols, and the correction of their affairs, and they would not follow others. So he-as said and Keep me and my sons away from worshiping the idols [14:35] Lord! These have led many of the people astray; so the one who follows me, he is from me, and the one who disobeys me, so You are Forgiving, Merciful [14:35].
Thus, in this is the evidence upon the fact that they (general people) would not become Imams and the community of Muslims (submitters) in which Muhammad-saww was to be Sent, would only be from the offspring of Ibrahim-as, due to His-azwj Words [14:35] and Keep me and my sons away from worshiping the idols’’.[15]
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘The people became heedless of the words of Rasool-Allah-saww regarding Ali-asws on the day of Ghadeer Khumm just as they became heedless of the day of drinking place of mother of Ibrahim-asws (Mariah the Coptic).
The people came to him-saww to console him-saww. Ali-asws came to be near from Rasool-Allah-saww but could not find a place. When Rasool-Allah-saww saw they were not making space for Ali-asws, he-saww called out: ‘O community of the people! Make way for Ali-asws!’
Then he-saww grabbed his-asws hand and seated him-asws with him-saww upon his-saww mat, then said: ‘O community of the people! They-asws are People-asws of my-saww Household. You are disregarding them-asws while I-saww am still alive? By Allah-azwj! If I-saww am absent from you, then Allah-azwj will not be Absent from you.
Surely the calmness, and the rest, and the pleasure, and the happiness, and the glad tidings, and the affection, and the love is for one who follows Ali-asws and has his-asws Wilayah, and submits to him-asws and to the successors-asws from after him-asws, would have a right that I-saww include them in my-saww intercession, because they-asws are my-saww followers.
And one who follows me, then he is from me, [14:36] – an example flowing in me-saww, of one followed Ibrahim-as, because I-saww am from Ibrahim-as and Ibrahim-as is from me-saww. His-as Religion is my-saww Religion, and his-as Sunnah is my-saww Sunnah, and his-as merit is from my-saww merit, and I-saww am superior than him-as, and my-saww merit for him-as is a merit of ratification. My-saww words are the Words of the Exalted: Offspring, one being from the other; and Allah is Hearing, Knowing [3:34]’’.[16]
‘Sa’ad Bin Abdul Malik, and Abu Ja’far-asws had named him as ‘Sa’ad the good’, and he was from the sons of Abdul Aziz Bin Marwan (like a son to) Abu Ja’far-asws. While he was sobbing like the sobbing of women, Abu Ja’far-asws said to him: ‘What makes you cry, O Sa’ad?’ He said, ‘And how can I not be crying, and I am from the accursed tree (lineage) in the Quran?’
He-asws said to him: ‘You aren’t from them! You are an Umayyid from us-asws, People-asws of the Household. Haven’t you heard the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Narrating about Ibrahim-as: So the one who follows me, then he is from me, [14:36]’’.[17]
Qatada Bin Da’ama came up to Abu Ja’far-asws, so he-asws said: ‘O Qatada! Are you a Faqih (Jurist) of the people of Basra?’ He said, ‘That is what they are alleging’. Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘It has reached me-asws that you are explaining the Quran’. Qatada said to him-asws, ‘Yes’. Abu Ja’far-asws said to him: ‘You are explaining it by knowledge or by ignorance?’ He said, ‘No, by knowledge’. Abu Ja’far-asws said to him: ‘If you are explaining by knowledge, so ‘you are’ ‘who you are’ and I-asws would like to ask you’. Qatada said, ‘Ask’.
He-asws said: ‘Inform me-asws about the Statement of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic in (the Chapter) Saba: and We Apportioned the travelling therein: “Travel in these during nights and days in security” [34:18].
Qatada said, ‘That is for the one who goes out from his house with lawful provisions, and camel rented lawfully intending this House (Kabah). He would be safe until he returns back to his family’.
Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘I-asws adjure you to Allah-azwj, O Qatada! Do you know that if the man comes out from his house with lawful provisions, and a camel rented lawfully, intending this House, he could get cut off (by bandits) on the road, and his provisions would be lost, and he could be injured due to that?’ Qatada said, ‘O Allah-azwj, Yes!’
Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘Woe be unto you! But rather, you are explaining the Quran from your own free will, so you are destroyed and causing others to be destroyed. And if you have taken it from the men (others), you have been destroyed and so have they.
Woe be unto you! (But) that is for the one who comes out from his house with provisions, and lawful means of transportation aspiring for this House while having recognised our-asws rights, loving us-asws with his heart, just as Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Said: Therefore Make the hearts of the people to yearn towards them and Sustain them [14:37] and it does not mean the House, for He-azwj is Saying ‘towards them’. Thus we-asws are, by Allah-azwj, the supplication of Ibrahim-as towards whom-asws if one loves with one’s heart, his Hajj would be Accepted, otherwise it will not be, O Qatada!
So, if it is like that, he would be safe from the Punishment of Hell on the Day of Judgement’. Qatada said, ‘No offence. By Allah-azwj, I will not explain it except like this’. Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘Woe be unto you, O Qatada! But rather, you should understand the Quran from the ones-asws who have been addressed by it’’.[18]
‘The people of Yemen sent a delegation to Rasool-Allah-saww, and they said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww, and who is your-saww successor-asws?’ So he-saww said: ‘He-asws is the one whom Allah-azwj has Commanded everyone to hold firmly to. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said And hold firmly with the Rope of Allah altogether and do not be disunited [3:103]’.
They said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! Explain to us what this Rope is?’ He-saww said: ‘[3:112] except with a Rope from Allah and a Rope from the people. So the Rope from Allah-azwj is His-azwj Book, and the Rope from the people is my-saww successor-asws’.
They said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! And who is your-saww successor-asws?’ So he-saww said: ‘He-asws is the one regarding whom Allah-azwj Revealed Lest a soul should say: O regret, for what I wasted regarding the Side of Allah [39:56]’.
They said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! And what is this Side of Allah-azwj (جنب الله)?’ So, he-saww said: ‘He-asws is the one regarding whom Allah-azwj Says And on the Day when the unjust one shall bite his hands saying: Alas! If only I had grabbed hold of Sabeel along with the Rasool [25:27] – My-saww successor-asws is the Way to me-saww from after me-saww’.
They said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! By the One-azwj Who Sent you-saww! Show him-asws to us for we long for him-asws’. He-saww said: ‘He-asws is the One for whom Allah-azwj Made Signs for those who distinguish (the marks) [15:75].
So, if you were to look at him-asws you will be looking at the one who has a heart for him, or casts the hearing, and he is a witness [50:37], you would know that he-asws is my-saww successor-asws just as you recognise that I-saww am your Prophet-saww, so make rows and browse the faces.
The one to whom your hearts incline to, so it is him-asws, because Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying in His-azwj Book therefore make the hearts of some people yearn towards them [14:37] – towards him-asws and his-asws descendants’.
They said altogether, and they formed the rows and they held a hand of Ali-asws’ – the Hadeeth is lengthy, we have shortened it, and I (Majlisi) will be coming with its lengthy if Allah-azwj the Exalted so Desires’’.[19]
‘Nafau, a slave of Umar, asked Abu Ja’far-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted: On the Day the earth would be changed to another earth, and (so will) the skies, [14:48], ‘Which ground would it be replaced by?’ Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘By white bread. They would be eating from it until Allah-azwj is Finished from Recording the people’.
Nafau said, ‘They would be too busy (to be) eating’. Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘Would they be busier on that day or when they are in the Fire?’ Nafau said, ‘While they would be in the Fire’’.
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj has Said: And the inmates of the Fire shall call out to the dwellers of the Paradise, ‘Pour upon us some of the water or from what your Lord has Graced you’. [7:50]. The pain of the Punishment of the Fire would not pre-occupy them from calling for the food, and their food is the Zaqoum, and calling for the drink, and they would be quenched the boiling water’. He said, ‘You-asws speak the truth, O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww!’’.[20]
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws regarding His-azwj Words: Their shirts would be of asphalt [14:50]: ‘It is yellow melting heat. He-azwj is Saying it is the peak of the heat. Allah-azwj Says: and the Fire would overwhelm their faces [14:50], and the shirt, that is the yellow, so the fire would overwhelm their faces’’.[21]
MERITS
ابن بابويه: بإسناده عن عنبسة بن مصعب، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام) انه قال: «من قرا سورة ابراهيم و الحجر في ركعتين جميعا في كل جمعة، لم يصبه فقر ابدا، و لا جنون و لا بلوى
Ibn Babuwayh, by his chain from Anbasat Bin Mas’ab,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws has said: ‘The one who recites Surah Ibrahim-as (Chapter 14) and Al-Hijr (Chapter 15) in two Cycles (of Salat) together during every Friday, poverty would never afflict him ever, nor would insanity, nor sorrow’.[22]
و من (خواص القرآن): روي عن النبي (صلي الله عليه و آله) انه قال: «من قرا هذه السورة اعطي من الحسنات بعدد من عبد الأصنام، و عدد من لم يعبدها، و من كتبها في خرقة بيضاء و علقها علي طفل، امن عليه من البكاء و الفزع، و مما يصيب الصبيان
And from Khawas Al Quran –
‘It has been reported from the Holy Prophet-saww saying: ‘The one who recites this Chapter (14) would be Given from the Rewards of the number of the ones who worshipped the idols, and the number of the ones who did not worship these. And the one who writes it in a white cloth, and attaches it (as an amulet) upon a child, it would be a security for him from every wailing and panic, and from whatever tends to afflict the children’.[23]
و قال الصادق (عليه السلام): «من كتبها علي خرقة بيضاء و جعلها علي عضد طفل صغير، امن من البكاء و الفزع و التوابع، و سهل الله فطامه عليه بإذن الله تعالي
And Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘One who writes it (Surah Ibrahim-as) upon a white cloth and makes it to be upon the upper arm of a young child (as an amulet), he would be safe from the wailing, and the panic, and the shocks, and his weaning would be eased upon him by the Permission of Allah-azwj the Exalted’.[24]
VERSE 1
الر ۚ كِتَابٌ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ إِلَيْكَ لِتُخْرِجَ النَّاسَ مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ إِلَىٰ صِرَاطِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ {1}
Alif Lam Ra. A Book We Revealed to you, for you to extract the people from the (multitude of) darkness to the Light by the Permission of their Lord, to the (Straight) Path of the Mighty, the Praised [14:1]
ابن بابويه، قال: أخبرنا أبو الحسن محمد بن هارون الزنجاني، فيما كتب إلي على يدي علي بن أحمد البغدادي الوراق، قال: حدثنا معاذ بن المثنى العنبري، قال: حدثنا عبد الله بن أسماء، قال: حدثنا جويرية، عن سفيان بن سعيد الثوري، قال: قلت لجعفر بن محمد بن علي بن الحسين بن علي بن أبي طالب (عليهم السلام): يا بن رسول الله، ما معنى الر؟ قال (عليه السلام): «معناه أنا الله الرءوف
Ibn Babuwayh said, ‘Abu Al Hassan Muhammad Bin Haroun Al Zanjany narrated to us, regarding what he wrote to the hands of Ali Bin Ahmad Al Baghdady Al Waraaq, from Ma’az Bin Al Masny Al Anbary, from Abdullah Bin Asma’a, from Juweyriya, from Sufyan Bin Saeed Al Sowry who said,
‘I said to Abu Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws Bin Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! What is the Meaning of: [15:1] Alif Lam Ra?’ He-asws said: ‘Its Meaning is: “I-azwj am Allah-azwj, the Kind (الرءوف)’.[25]
عن مسعدة بن صدقة، قال: قص أبو عبد الله قصة الفريقين جميعا في الميثاق، فقال: فالنور هم آل محمد (صلوات الله عليهم)، و الظلمات عدوهم
From Mas’adat Bin Sadaqa who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws related the story of the two groups (good and evil) together during the Covenant, then he-asws said: ‘So the Light, they-asws are the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww (being one Light), and the (multitude of) darkness [14:1], are their-asws enemies’’.[26]
فِي مَجْمَعِ الْبَيَانِ نُوراً مُبِيناً وَ قِيلَ: النُّورُ وَلَايَةُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ
In Majma Al Bayan –
‘And it is said, ‘The Light [14:1] is the Wilayah of Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws’ – from Abu Abdullah-asws’.[27]
في كتاب كمال الدين وتمام النعمة باسناده إلى خيثمة الجعفي عن أبى جعفر عليه السلام حديث طويل وفيه يقول عليه السلام: ونحن الطريق الواضح والصراط المستقيم إلى الله عزوجل، ونحن من نعمة الله على خلقه
In the book Kamaal-Al-deen Wa Tamaam Al-Ne’ma, by its chain going up to Khaysama Al-Ju’fi
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws in a lengthy Hadeeth and in it he-asws said: ‘And we-asws are the Clear Way and the Straight Path to Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and we-asws are the Favour of Allah-azwj upon His-azwj creation’.[28]
و في كتاب الخصال، عن أبي عبد اللّه، عن أبيه، عن آبائه، عن عليّ بن أبي طالب- عليهم السّلام- قال: المؤمن يتقلّب في خمسة من النّور: مدخله نور، و مخرجه نور، و علمه نور، و كلامه نور، و منظره يوم القيامة إلى النّور
And in the book Al-Khisaal – from Abu Abdullah-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws having said: ‘The Momin fluctuates in five of the lights – His entry is light, and his exit is light, and his knowledge is light, and his speech is light, and his looking on the Day of Judgment would be towards the light’’. [29]
VERSES 2 & 3
اللَّهِ الَّذِي لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۗ وَوَيْلٌ لِلْكَافِرِينَ مِنْ عَذَابٍ شَدِيدٍ {2}
Allah is He for Whom is whatever is in the skies and whatever is in the earth, and woe is for the Kafirs from a severe Punishment [14:2]
الَّذِينَ يَسْتَحِبُّونَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا عَلَى الْآخِرَةِ وَيَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَيَبْغُونَهَا عِوَجًا ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ فِي ضَلَالٍ بَعِيدٍ {3}
Those who are loving the life of the world over the Hereafter and are hindering from the Way of Allah and seeking it to be crooked. They are in a far straying [14:3]
العياشي: عن أبي عبيدة، قال: سألت أبا جعفر (عليه السلام) عن قوله: وَ مَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنِ افْتَرى عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِباً أُولئِكَ يُعْرَضُونَ عَلى رَبِّهِمْ إلى قوله: يَبْغُونَها عِوَجاً
Al Ayyashi, from Abu Ubeyda who said,
‘I asked Abu Ja’far-asws about His-azwj Words: seeking it to be crooked [14:3].
قال: «أي يطلبون لسبيل الله زيغا عن الاستقامة، يحرفونها بالتأويل و يصفونها بالانحراف عن الحق و الصواب
He-asws said: ‘i.e., they are seeking for the Way of Allah-azwj to be deviated from the uprightness, altering it with the (opinionated) explanations and describing it with the perversions from the Truth and the correctness’’.[30]
The far straying
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ كُلُّ مَنْ دَانَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِعِبَادَةٍ يُجْهِدُ فِيهَا نَفْسَهُ وَ لَا إِمَامَ لَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ فَسَعْيُهُ غَيْرُ مَقْبُولٍ وَ هُوَ ضَالٌّ مُتَحَيِّرٌ وَ اللَّهُ شَانِئٌ لِأَعْمَالِهِ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Al A’ala Bin Razeyn, from Muhammad Bin Muslim who said,
‘I heard Abu Ja’far-asws saying: ‘Everyone who makes it a Religion of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic by worship, fighting against his own self, and there is no Imam-asws for him from Allah-azwj, so his striving would be without Acceptance and he would stray confused and Allah-azwj would Hate his deeds.
وَ مَثَلُهُ كَمَثَلِ شَاةٍ ضَلَّتْ عَنْ رَاعِيهَا وَ قَطِيعِهَا فَهَجَمَتْ ذَاهِبَةً وَ جَائِيَةً يَوْمَهَا فَلَمَّا جَنَّهَا اللَّيْلُ بَصُرَتْ بِقَطِيعِ غَنَمٍ مَعَ رَاعِيهَا فَحَنَّتْ إِلَيْهَا وَ اغْتَرَّتْ بِهَا فَبَاتَتْ مَعَهَا فِي مَرْبِضِهَا فَلَمَّا أَنْ سَاقَ الرَّاعِي قَطِيعَهُ أَنْكَرَتْ رَاعِيَهَا وَ قَطِيعَهَا فَهَجَمَتْ مُتَحَيِّرَةً تَطْلُبُ رَاعِيَهَا وَ قَطِيعَهَا فَبَصُرَتْ بِغَنَمٍ مَعَ رَاعِيهَا فَحَنَّتْ إِلَيْهَا وَ اغْتَرَّتْ بِهَا فَصَاحَ بِهَا الرَّاعِي الْحَقِي بِرَاعِيكِ وَ قَطِيعِكِ فَأَنْتِ تَائِهَةٌ مُتَحَيِّرَةٌ عَنْ رَاعِيكَ وَ قَطِيعِكَ
And his example is like the example of a sheep who has strayed from its shepherd and its herd. It wanders going and coming during its day. When the night shields it, it sees a herd of sheep with their shepherd. It goes over to them and departs with them and spends the night along with them in their pens. The shepherd shouts at it, ‘Go and join your own shepherd and your herd, for you are wandering confused from your shepherd and your herd!’
فَهَجَمَتْ ذَعِرَةً مُتَحَيِّرَةً تَائِهَةً لَا رَاعِيَ لَهَا يُرْشِدُهَا إِلَى مَرْعَاهَا أَوْ يَرُدُّهَا فَبَيْنَا هِيَ كَذَلِكَ إِذَا اغْتَنَمَ الذِّئْبُ ضَيْعَتَهَا فَأَكَلَهَا
It runs wandering confusedly, there being no shepherd for it to guide it to its pastures or to return it. So while it is like that, the wolf attacks it, wasting it, and devours it.
وَ كَذَلِكَ وَ اللَّهِ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَنْ أَصْبَحَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ لَا إِمَامَ لَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ ظَاهِرٌ عَادِلٌ أَصْبَحَ ضَالًّا تَائِهاً وَ إِنْ مَاتَ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْحَالَةِ مَاتَ مِيتَةَ كُفْرٍ وَ نِفَاقٍ وَ اعْلَمْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَنَّ أَئِمَّةَ الْجَوْرِ وَ أَتْبَاعَهُمْ لَمَعْزُولُونَ عَنْ دِينِ اللَّهِ قَدْ ضَلُّوا وَ أَضَلُّوا فَأَعْمَالُهُمُ الَّتِي يَعْمَلُونَهَا كَرَمَادٍ اشْتَدَّتْ بِهِ الرِّيحُ فِي يَوْمٍ عَاصِفٍ لَا يَقْدِرُونَ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا عَلَى شَيْءٍ ذَلِكَ هُوَ الضَّلَالُ الْبَعِيدُ
And similar to that, by Allah-azwj O Muhammad, is the one from this community who wakes up in the morning with no Imam-asws for him from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, manifest, just. He wakes up in the morning straying, wandering, and if he was to die upon this state, would die the death of disbelief and hypocrisy. And know, O Muhammad, that the tyrannous imams and their followers are isolated from the Religion of Allah-azwj. They have strayed and are straying (others). Thus, the deeds which they are performing are like the dust which the wind scatters with during a stormy day. They are not able upon anything from that what they are earning. It is the far straying’.[31]
VERSE 4
وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ رَسُولٍ إِلَّا بِلِسَانِ قَوْمِهِ لِيُبَيِّنَ لَهُمْ ۖ فَيُضِلُّ اللَّهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ {4}
And We did not Send any Rasool except with the language of his own people, in order to explain clearly to them. Thus Allah Lets to stray one He so Desires to and Guides one He so Desires to, and He is the Mighty, the Wise [14:4]
فِي كِتَابِ الْخِصَالِ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ حَدِيثٌ طَوِيلٌ يَقُولُ فِيهِ: وَ مَنَّ عَلَيَّ رَبِّي فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ قَدْ أَرْسَلْتُ كُلَّ رَسُولٍ إِلَى أُمَّتِهِ بِلِسَانِهَا وَ أَرْسَلْتُكَ إِلَى كُلِّ أَحْمَرٍ وَ أَسْوَدٍ مِنْ خَلْقِي
In the book Al Khisaal, from Jabir Bin Abdullah,
‘From the Prophet-saww, there is a lengthy Hadeeth in which he-saww is saying: ‘And my-saww Lord-azwj Conferred upon me-saww, so He-azwj Said: “O Muhammad-saww! I-azwj have Sent each Rasool-as to his-as community with its language, and I-azwj Sent you-saww to every red and black one of My-azwj creatures”’.[32]
فِي تَفْسِيرِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الطَّائِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصٌ الْكُنَاسِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ بُكَيْرٍ الرَّجَائِيَّ قَالَ: قَالَ الصَّادِقُ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَنِ الرَّسُولِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ كَانَ عَامّاً لِلنَّاسِ، أَ لَيْسَ قَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ فِي مُحْكَمِ كِتَابِهِ: «وَ ما أَرْسَلْناكَ إِلَّا كَافَّةً لِلنَّاسِ» لِأَهْلِ الشَّرْقِ وَ الْغَرْبِ، وَ أَهْلِ السَّمَاءِ وَ الْأَرْضِ، مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَ الْإِنْسِ، هَلْ بَلَّغَ رِسَالَتَهُ إِلَيْهِمْ كُلِّهِمْ قُلْتُ: لَا أَدْرِي؟
In Tafseer of Ali Bin Ibrahim (Qummi) – ‘It was narrated to us by Ali Bin Ja’far, from Muhammad Bin Abdullah Al Taiy, from Muhammad Bin Abu Umeyr, from Hafs Al Kunasy who said, ‘I heard Abdullah Bin Bukeyr Al Rajai’e saying,
‘Al-Sadiq Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws said: ‘Inform me-asws about the Rasool-saww. Was he-saww for the generality of the people? Hasn’t Allah-azwj Said in the Decisive of His-azwj Book: And We did not Send you except to all of the people [34:28]? To the people of the east and the west, and the inhabitants of the sky and the earth, from the Jinn and the human beings. Did he-saww deliver His-azwj Message to them, all of them?’ I said, ‘I don’t know’.
قَالَ: يَا ابْنَ بُكَيْرٍ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ لَمْ يَخْرُجْ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَكَيْفَ بَلَّغَ أَهْلَ الشَّرْقِ وَ الْغَرْبِ؟ قُلْتُ: لَا أَدْرِي
He-asws said: ‘O Ibn Bakeyr! Surely, Rasool-Allah-saww did not exit from Al-Medina, so how could he-saww have delivered to the people of the east and the west?’ I said, ‘I don’t know’.
قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَمَرَ جَبْرَئِيلَ فَاقْتَلَعَ الْأَرْضَ بِرِيشَةٍ مِنْ جَنَاحِهِ وَ نَصَبَهَا لِمُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ وَ كَانَتْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مِثْلُ رَاحَتِهِ فِي كَفِّهِ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْمَشْرِقِ وَ الْمَغْرِبِ، وَ يُخَاطِبُ كُلَّ قَوْمٍ بِأَلْسِنَتِهِمْ وَ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ إِلَى نُبُوَّتِهِ بِنَفْسِهِ، فَمَا بَقِيَتْ قَرْيَةٌ وَ لَا مَدِينَةٌ إِلَّا دَعَاهُمْ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ بِنَفْسِهِ
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Commanded Jibraeel-as, so he-as plucked the ground by a feather from his-as wing and established it for Muhammad-saww, and it was in front of him-saww like his-saww own palm in his-saww wrist, looking at the inhabitants of the east and the west, and he-saww addressed every people in their own language and called them to Allah-azwj and to his-saww Prophet-hood by himself-saww. So there did not remain a town nor a city except the Prophet-saww had invited them by himself-saww’’.[33]
ثم قال علي بن إبراهيم: و في رواية أبي الجارود، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: «لو كان هذا القرآن أعجميا لقالوا: كيف نتعلمه، و لساننا عربي، و أتيتنا بقرآن أعجمي؟ فأحب [الله] أن ينزله بلسانهم
Then Ali Bin Ibrahim said,
‘And in a report of Abu Al-Jaroud, from Abu Ja’far-asws. He-asws said: ‘If this Quran was in a non-Arabic language they would have said, ‘How do we learn it, and our language is Arabic, and he-saww has brought us a Quran in a non-Arabic language?’ So Allah-azwj Loved it that He-azwj should Reveal it in their language’.[34]
ابن بابويه، قال: حدثنا محمد بن ابراهيم بن إسحاق الطالقاني (رضي الله عنه)، قال: حدثنا ابو العباس احمد بن إسحاق الماذرائي بالبصرة، قال: حدثنا ابو قلابة عبد الملك بن محمد، قال: حدثنا غانم بن الحسن السعدي، قال حدثنا مسلم بن خالد المكي، عن جعفر بن محمد (عليهما السلام)، قال: «ما انزل الله تبارك و تعالي كتابا و لا وحيا الا بالعربية، و كان يقع في مسامع الأنبياء (عليهم السلام)، بألسنة قومهم، و كان يقع في مسامع نبينا (صلي الله عليه و آله) بالعربية
Ibn Babuwayh said, ‘Muhammad Bin Ibrahim Bin Is’haq Al Talaqany narrated to us, from Abu Al Abbas Ahmad Bin Is’haq Al Mazrai’e at Al Basra, from Abu Qalaba Abdul Malik Bin Muhammad, from Ghanam Bin Al Hassan Al Sa’ady, from Muslim Bin Khalid Al Makky,
(It has been narrated) from Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj did not Reveal a Book, nor a Revelation except in Arabic. And it used to occur in the hearing of the Prophets-as in the language of their-as own people. And it occurred in the hearing of our Prophet-saww in Arabic.
فإذا كلم به قومه كلمهم بالعربية، فيقع في مسامعهم بلسانهم، و كان احد لا يخاطب رسول الله (صلي الله عليه و آله) بأي لسان خاطبه الا وقع في مسامعه بالعربية، كل ذلك يترجم له جبرئيل (عليه السلام)، تشريفا من الله عز و جل له (صلي الله عليه و آله)
Whenever he-saww spoke to his-saww people, he-saww spoke to them in Arabic, and so it occurred in their hearing in their own language. And whenever anyone addressed Rasool-Allah-saww in whichever language of his, it occurred in his-saww hearing in Arabic. All that was translated for him-saww by Jibraeel-as, an Honour for him-saww from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic’.[35]
قال علي بن إبراهيم: قال الصادق (عليه السلام): «لو انزل القرآن على العجم ما آمنت به العرب، و قد نزل على العرب فآمنت به العجم». فهي فضيلة للعجم
Ali Bin Ibrahim said,
‘Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘If the Quran had been Revealed upon the non-Arab, the Arabs would not have believed in it. And it has been Revealed upon the Arab, so the non-Arabs are believers in it’. Thus it is the merit for the non-Arabs’.[36]
في الخصال عن الصادق عليه السلام: تعلّموا العربيّة فانّها كلام اللَّه الذي تكلّم به خلقه
And in (the book) Al Khisaal,
‘From Al Sadiq-asws: ‘Learn the Arabic (language), for it is the Speech of Allah-azwj which He-azwj Spoke with to His-azwj creatures’’.[37]
ابن بابويه: قال: حدثنا علي بن عبد الله الوراق، و محمد بن احمد السناني، و علي بن احمد بن محمد بن عمران الدقاق (رحمه الله)، قالوا: حدثنا ابو العباس احمد بن يحيي بن زكريا القطان، قال: حدثنا بكر بن عبد الله بن حبيب، قال: حدثنا تميم بن بهلول، عن أبيه، عن جعفر بن سليمان البصري، عن عبد الله بن الفضل الهاشمي، قال: سألت أبا عبد الله جعفر بن محمد (عليهما السلام) فقال: «ان الله تبارك و تعالى يضل الظالمين يوم القيامة عن دار كرامته، و يهدي اهل الإيمان و العمل الصالح الى جنته
Ibn Babuwayh said, ‘Ali Bin Abdullah Al Waraaq narrated to us, and Muhammad Bin Ahmad Al Sanany, and Ali Bin Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Imran Al Daqaaq, from Abu Al Abbas Ahmad Bin Yahya Bin Zakariyya Al Qataan, from Bakr Bin Abdullah Bin Habeeb, from Tameem Bin Bahlool, from his father, from Ja’far Bin Suleyman Al Basry, from Abdullah Bin Al Fazal Al Hashmy who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah Ja’far Bin Muhammad-asws, and he-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted would Let the unjust go astray on the Day of Judgement from the Gate of His-azwj Prestige, and He-azwj would Guide the people of the belief and the righteous deeds to His-azwj Paradise’.[38]
VERSE 5
وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا مُوسَىٰ بِآيَاتِنَا أَنْ أَخْرِجْ قَوْمَكَ مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ وَذَكِّرْهُمْ بِأَيَّامِ اللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِكُلِّ صَبَّارٍ شَكُورٍ {5}
And We had Sent Musa with Our Signs: “Take your people out from the (multiple) darkness into the light and remind them of the Days of Allah. Surely in that are Signs for every patient, grateful one” [14:5]
ابن بابويه، قال: حدثنا احمد بن محمد بن يحيي العطار، قال: حدثنا سعد بن عبد الله، قال: حدثني يعقوب بن يزيد، عن محمد بن الحسن الميثمي، عن مثني الحناط، قال: سمعت أبا جعفر (عليه السلام) يقول: «ايام الله عز و جل ثلاثة: يوم يقوم القائم، و يوم الكرة، و يوم القيامة
Ibn Babuwayh said, ‘Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Ataar narrated to us, from Sa’ d Bin Abdullah, from Yaqoub Bin Yazeed, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Al Maysami, from Masny Al Hanaat who said,
‘I heard Abu Ja’far-asws saying: ‘The Days of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic are three – The day of the rising of Al-Qaim-asws, and the day of Raj’at (The Return), and the Day of Judgement’.[39]
العياشي: عن ابراهيم بن عمر، عمن ذكره، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام) في قول الله: وَ ذَكِّرْهُمْ بِأَيَّامِ اللَّهِ. قال: «بآلاء الله» يعني نعمه
Al Ayyashi, from Ibrahim Bin Umar, from the one who mentioned it,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj: and remind them of the Days of Allah [14:5]. He-asws said: ‘(Remind them) of the Favours of Allah-azwj’. Meaning His-azwj Bounties’.[40]
الشيخ في (اماليه) قال: أخبرنا جماعة، عن أبي المفضل، قال: حدثنا ابو احمد عبيد الله بن الحسين بن ابراهيم العلوي النصيبي (رحمه الله) ببغداد، قال: سمعت جدي ابراهيم بن علي يحدث، عن أبيه علي بن عبيد الله، قال: حدثني شيخان بران من أهلنا سيدان، عن موسى بن جعفر، عن أبيه جعفر بن محمد، عن أبيه محمد بن علي، عن أبيه (عليهم السلام)، و حدثنيه الحسين بن زيد بن علي ذو الدمعة، قال: حدثني عمي عمر بن علي، قال: حدثني اخي محمد بن علي، عن أبيه، عن جده الحسين (صلي الله عليهم)
Al Sheykh in his (book) Amaaly, said, ‘A group informed us, from Abu Al Mufazzal, from Abu Ahmad Ubeydullah Bin Al Husayn Bin Ibrahim Al Alawy Al Nusaybi at Baghdad, from his grandfather Ibrahim Bin Ali, narrating from his father Ali Bin Ubeydullah, from two Seyyid Sheykhs from our family,
‘From Musa Bin Ja’far-asws, from his-asws father-asws Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, from his-asws father-asws Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from Al-Husayn Bin Zayd Bin Ali, one with the tears, from his uncle Umar Bin Ali, from his brother Muhammad Bin Ali-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from his-asws grandfather Al-Husayn-asws.
قال ابو جعفر (عليه السلام): «و حدثني عبد الله بن العباس و جابر بن عبد الله الأنصاري، و كان بدريا أحديا شجريا، و ممن محض من اصحاب رسول الله (صلي الله عليه و آله) في مودة امير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)
Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘And it was narrated to me-asws by Abdullah Bin Al-Abbas and Jabir Bin Abdullah Al-Ansary, and they were (participants at) Badr, Ohad, the tree (at Al-Hudaybiyya), and from the companions of Rasool-Allah-saww being pure (sincere) in their cordiality of Amir Al-Momineen-asws.
قالوا: بينا رسول الله (صلي الله عليه و آله) في مسجده في رهط من الصحابة، فيهم: ابو بكر، و ابو عبيدة، و عمر، و عثمان، و عبد الرحمن، و رجلان من قراء الصحابة، هما: من المهاجرين عبد الله بن ام عبد، و من الأنصار أبي بن كعب، و كانا بدريين، فقرا عبد الله من السورة التي يذكر فيها لقمان حتي أتي علي هذه الآية: وَ أَسْبَغَ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعَمَهُ ظاهِرَةً وَ باطِنَةً الآية
They said, ‘While Rasool-Allah-saww was in his-saww Masjid among a group of the companions, among them being Abu Bakr, and Abu Ubeyda, and Umar, and Abdul Rahman, and two from the readers (among) the companions, they both being from the Emigrants Abdullah Bin Um Abd, and from the Helpers Ubayy Bin Ka’ab, and they were (participants at) Badr, so Abdullah read from the Chapter in which Luqman-as is mentioned until he came to: and Bestowed upon you His Bounties, apparent and hidden? [31:20].
و قرا أبي من السورة التي يذكر فيها ابراهيم (عليه السلام): وَ ذَكِّرْهُمْ بِأَيَّامِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآياتٍ لِكُلِّ صَبَّارٍ شَكُورٍ قالوا: قال رسول الله (صلي الله عليه و آله): ايام الله نعماؤه و بلاؤه، و هي مثلاته سبحانه
And my father recited from the Chapter in which is mentioned Ibrahim-as: and remind them of the Days of Allah. Surely in that are Signs for every patient, grateful one” [14:5]. They said, ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The Days of Allah-azwj are His-azwj Bounties, and His-azwj Afflictions, and these are Punishments of the Glorious One-azwj’.
ثم اقبل (صلي الله عليه و آله) علي من شهده من الصحابة، فقال: اني لأتخولكم بالموعظة تخولا مخالفة السآمة عليكم، و قد اوحي الي ربي جل جلاله ان أذكركم بالنعمة، و أنذركم بما اقتص عليكم من كتابه، و تلا: وَ أَسْبَغَ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعَمَهُ الآية
Then he-saww turned towards me from the ones present from the companions, so he-saww said: ‘I-saww am pledging you all with the advice just like an anti-venom upon you, and my-saww Lord-azwj, Majestic is His-azwj Majesty has Revealed unto me-saww that I-saww should remind you all of the Bounties and warn you with what would be a Reprisal upon you, from His-azwj Book’, and he-saww recited: ‘and Bestowed upon you His Bounties [31:20] – the Verse.
ثم قال لهم: قولوا الآن قولكم، ما أول نعمة رغبكم الله فيها و بلاكم بها؟ فخاض القوم جميعا فذكروا نعم الله التي أنعم عليهم و احسن إليهم بها، من المعاش و الرياش و الذرية و الأزواج، الي سائر ما بلاهم الله عز و جل به من أنعمه الظاهرة
Then he-saww said to them: ‘Speak your words now. What is the first Bounty did Allah-azwj Make you aspire regarding it and Tried you with it?’ So the people in their entirety, plunged into mentioning the Bounties of Allah-azwj which He-azwj had Bestowed upon them and had Favoured to them with it, from the subsistence, and the life-style, and the offspring, and the wives, up to the rest of whatever Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic had Tried them with, from His-azwj apparent of His-azwj Bounties.
فلما امسك القوم اقبل رسول الله (صلي الله عليه و آله) على علي (عليه السلام)، فقال: يا أبا الحسن، قل، فقد قال أصحابك. فقال: و كيف لي بالقول- فداك أبي و امي- و انما هدانا الله بك؟
When the people calmed down, Rasool-Allah-saww faced towards Ali-asws and he-saww said: ‘O Abu Al-Hassan-asws! Speak, for your-asws companions have already spoken’. He-asws said: ‘And how can it be for me-asws with the speaking – may my-asws father-as and my-asws mother-as be sacrificed for you-asws – and rather Allah-azwj has Guided us with through you-saww?’
قال: و مع ذلك فهات. قل ما أول نعمة بلاك الله عز و جل، و أنعم عليك بها؟ قال: ان خلقني جل ثناؤه و لم أك شيئا مذكورا. قال: صدقت، فما الثانية؟
He-saww said: ‘And along with that, so give! Say what was the first Bounty Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Tried you-asws with and Favoured upon you-asws with it?’ He-asws said: ‘He-azwj Created me-asws, Majestic is His-azwj Extollation, and I-asws was not a mentioned thing’. He-saww said: ‘You-asws speak the truth. So what is the second?’
قال: الله احسن بي إذ خلقني فجعلني حيا لا مواتا. قال: صدقت، فما الثالثة؟
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Favoured me-asws when He-azwj Created me-asws, so He-azwj Made me-asws as being alive, not dead’. He-saww said: ‘You-asws speak the truth. So what is the third?’
قال: ان انشأني- فله الحمد- في احسن صورة و اعدل تركيب. قال: صدقت، فما الرابعة؟
He-asws said: ‘He-azwj Caused me-asws to grow – for Him-azwj is the Praise – in a beautiful image and fairest configuration’. He-saww said: ‘You-asws speak the truth. So what is the fourth?’
قال: ان جعلني متفكرا واعيا لا ابله ساهيا. قال: صدقت، فما الخامسة؟
He-asws said: ‘He-saww Made me-asws thoughtful, retaining, not being foolish’. He-saww said: ‘You-asws speak the truth. So what is the fifth?’
قال: ان جعل لي مشاعر أدرك ما ابتغيت بها، و جعل لي سراجا منيرا. قال: صدقت، فما السادسة؟
He-asws said: ‘He-azwj Made me-asws aware, realising, what I-asws can pursue (matters) with, and He-azwj Made for me-asws an illuminating lamp’. He-saww said: ‘You-asws speak the truth. So what is the sixth?’
قال: ان هداني لدينه، و لم يضلني عن سبيله. قال: صدقت، فما السابعة؟
He-asws said: ‘He-azwj Guided me-asws to His-azwj Religion and did not Let me-asws stray from His-azwj Way’. He-saww said: ‘You-asws speak the truth’.
قال: ان جعل لي مردا في حياة لا انقطاع لها. قال: صدقت، فما الثامنة؟
He-asws said: ‘He-azwj Made for me-asws a return in a life there would be no termination for it’. He-saww said: ‘You-asws speak the truth. So what is the eighth?’
قال: ان جعلني ملكا مالكا لا مملوكا. قال: صدقت، فما التاسعة؟
He-asws said: ‘He-azwj Made me-asws an owner of an ownership, not being owned (as a slave)’. He-saww said: ‘You-asws speak the truth. So what is the ninth?’
قال: ان سخر لي سماءه و ارضه و ما فيهما و ما بينهما من خلقه، قال صدقت، فما العاشرة؟
He-asws said: ‘He-azwj Made subservient to me-asws, His-azwj sky, and His-azwj earth and whatever in in these two, and whatever is in between them both, from His-azwj creatures’. He-saww said: ‘You-asws speak the truth. So what is the tenth?’
قال: ان جعلنا سبحانه ذكرانا قواما علي حلائلنا لا إناثا، قال: صدقت، فما بعد هذا؟
He-asws said: ‘He-azwj the Glorious Made us males, being custodians upon our Permissible (womenfolk), not as women’. He-saww said: ‘You-asws speak the truth. So what is after this?’
قال: كثرت نعم الله- يا نبي الله- فطابت، و تلا وَ إِنْ تَعُدُّوا نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ لا تُحْصُوها
He-asws said: ‘Abundant are the Bounties of Allah-azwj – O Prophet-saww of Allah-azwj – so they are suitable’. And he-asws recited: And He Gives you from all that you ask Him, and if you were to count the Favours of Allah, you would not (be able to) number these [14:34].
فتبسم رسول الله (صلي الله عليه و آله)، و قال: لتهنئك الحكمة، ليهنئك العلم- يا أبا الحسن- و أنت وارث علمي، و المبين لامتي ما اختلفت فيه من بعدي
Rasool-Allah-saww smiled, and said: ‘Congratulations to you-asws for the Wisdom! Congratulations to you-asws for the Knowledge, O Abu Al-Hassan-asws! And you-asws are the inheritor of my-saww knowledge, and the explainer to my-saww community what they would be differing in, from after me-saww.
من أحبك لدينك و أخذ بسبيلك فهو ممن هدي الي صراط مستقيم، و من رغب عن هداك، و أبغضك و تخلاك، لقي الله يوم القيامة لا خلاق له
One who loves you-asws for your-asws Religion, and takes with your-asws way, so he is from the one Guided to the Straight Path. And one who turns away from your-asws guidance, and hates you-asws and abandons you-asws, would meet Allah-azwj on the Day of Judgment, there being no share for him’’.[41]
الطبرسي: المروي عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام): «ذكرهم بنعم الله سبحانه في سائر أيامه
Al Tabarsy –
‘The reported from Abu Abdullah-asws is: ‘Remind them of the Favours of Allah-azwj, Glorious is He-azwj, in the rest of His-azwj days’’.[42]
VERSE 6
وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوْمِهِ اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ أَنْجَاكُمْ مِنْ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ يَسُومُونَكُمْ سُوءَ الْعَذَابِ وَيُذَبِّحُونَ أَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَيَسْتَحْيُونَ نِسَاءَكُمْ ۚ وَفِي ذَٰلِكُمْ بَلَاءٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ عَظِيمٌ {6}
And when Musa said to his people: ‘Recall the Favours of Allah upon you when He Rescued you from the people of Pharaoh who were subjecting you to the evil punishments, and they were slaughtering your sons and letting your womenfolk live? And during that was a grievous Trial from your Lord [14:6]
قَالَ الْإِمَامُ ع قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَ اذْكُرُوا يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ إِذْ نَجَّيْناكُمْ أَنْجَيْنَا أَسْلَافَكُمْ مِنْ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ وَ هُمُ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَدْنُونَ إِلَيْهِ بِقَرَابَتِهِ وَ بِدِينِهِ وَ مَذْهَبِهِ يَسُومُونَكُمْ كَانُوا يُعَذِّبُونَكُمْ سُوءَ الْعَذابِ شِدَّةَ الْعَذَابِ كَانُوا يَحْمِلُونَهُ عَلَيْكُمْ
The Imam (Hassan Al-Askari-asws) said: ‘The Exalted Said: “And recall, O Children of Israel And when We Rescued you [2:49] – Rescued your ancestors, from the people of Pharaoh [14:6] – and there were those who are going closer to him-la, his-la nearness, and his-la religion, and his-la doctrine who were subjecting you [14:6] – they were punishing you all to the evil punishments – the intensity of the punishment which they were loading upon you all’.
قَالَ: وَ كَانَ مِنْ عَذَابِهِمُ الشَّدِيدِ- أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِرْعَوْنُ يُكَلِّفُهُمْ عَمَلَ الْبِنَاءِ وَ الطِّينِ- وَ يُخَافُ أَنْ يَهْرَبُوا عَنِ الْعَمَلِ، فَأَمَرَ بِتَقْيِيدِهِمْ فَكَانُوا يَنْقُلُونَ ذَلِكَ الطِّينَ عَلَى السَّلَالِيمِ إِلَى السُّطُوحِ، فَرُبَّمَا سَقَطَ الْوَاحِدُ مِنْهُمْ فَمَاتَ أَوْ زَمِنَ وَ لَا يَحْفِلُونَ بِهِمْ إِلَى أَنْ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَى مُوسَى ع: قُلْ لَهُمْ: لَا يَبْتَدِءُونَ عَمَلًا- إِلَّا بِالصَّلَاةِ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ لِيَخِفَّ عَلَيْهِمْ
He-asws said: ‘And it was from their severe punishments, that Pharaoh-la was encumbering upon them the construction work and the mud (bricks for the building), and he-la feared that they might be fleeing from the work, so he-la ordered with imprisoning them. So they used to transfer that mud upon the baskets to the ceilings. Sometimes one of them would fall and die or be crippled, and they would not be sympathising with him, until Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed unto Musa-as: “Say to them that they should not begin work except with the Salawat upon Muhammad-saww and his-saww goodly Progeny-asws, so it would be lightened upon them”. So they were doing that, and it was easier upon them.
فَكَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ ذَلِكَ، فَيَخِفُّ عَلَيْهِمْ. وَ أَمَرَ كُلَّ مَنْ سَقَطَ وَ زَمِنَ- مِمَّنْ نَسِيَ الصَّلَاةَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ- أَنْ يَقُولَهَا عَلَى نَفْسِهِ إِنْ أَمْكَنَهُ- أَيِ الصَّلَاةَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ أَوْ يُقَالَ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ لَمْ يُمْكِنْهُ، فَإِنَّهُ يَقُومُ وَ لَا يَضُرُّهُ ذَلِكَ فَفَعَلُوهَا فَسَلِمُوا
“And instruct everyone who falls and is cripples, from the ones who forgot the Salawat upon Muhammad-saww and his-saww goodly Progeny-asws, that he should be saying it upon himself, if he is able to – i.e., the Salawat upon Muhammad-saww and his-saww Progeny-asws – or it should be said upon him if he is not able to, for he would stand, and that (fall) would not harm him”. So, they did that, and were safe.
يُذَبِّحُونَ أَبْناءَكُمْ وَ ذَلِكَ لَمَّا قِيلَ لِفِرْعَوْنَ: أَنَّهُ يُولَدُ فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ مَوْلُودٌ يَكُونُ عَلَى يَدِهِ هَلَاكُكَ، وَ زَوَالُ مُلْكِكَ. فَأَمَرَ بِذَبْحِ أَبْنَائِهِمْ
They were slaughtering your sons [14:6] – and that was due to what was said to Pharaoh-la, ‘There would be born among the Children of Israel, a new-born, upon whose hand would be your-la destruction and the decline of your-la kingdom’. So he-la ordered with the slaughter of your sons.
فَكَانَتِ الْوَاحِدَةُ [مِنْهُنَ] تُصَانِعُ الْقَوَابِلَ عَنْ نَفْسِهَا- لِئَلَّا يَنِمَ عَلَيْهَا [وَ يَتِمَ] حَمْلُهَا، ثُمَّ تُلْقِي وَلَدَهَا فِي صَحْرَاءَ، أَوْ غَارِ جَبَلٍ، أَوْ مَكَانٍ غَامِضٍ وَ تَقُولُ عَلَيْهِ عَشْرَ مَرَّاتٍ الصَّلَاةُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ، فَيُقَيِّضُ اللَّهُ [لَهُ] مَلَكاً يُرَبِّيهِ، وَ يُدِرُّ مِنْ إِصْبَعٍ لَهُ لَبَناً يَمُصُّهُ، وَ مِنْ إِصْبَعٍ طَعَاماً [لَيِّناً] يَتَغَذَّاهُ إِلَى أَنْ نَشَأَ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ وَ كَانَ مَنْ سَلِمَ مِنْهُمْ وَ نَشَأَ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّنْ قُتِلَ
And it was so that one of them (women) would bribe the midwives from herself, lest she would betray her, and complete her pregnancy. Then she would cast her son in the desert, or a mountain cave, or a hidden place, and she would be saying upon him ten times, the Salawat upon Muhammad-saww and his-saww Progeny-asws. So Allah-azwj would (then) Allocate and Angel for him to nourish him, and milk would flow from his finger for him to lick from, and soft food from a (another) finger to provide him, until the Children of Israel grew, and it was so that the ones who were safe from them were more than the ones who were killed.
وَ يَسْتَحْيُونَ نِساءَكُمْ يُبْقُونَهُنَ وَ يَتَّخِذُونَهُنَّ إِمَاءً، فَضَجُّوا إِلَى مُوسَى وَ قَالُوا: يَفْتَرِعُونَ بَنَاتِنَا وَ أَخَوَاتِنَا
And letting your womenfolk live [14:6] – They were letting them remain and were taking them as maids. So they were vociferous to Musa-as and they said: ‘Our daughter and our sisters are languishing!’
فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ تِلْكَ الْبَنَاتِ كُلَّمَا رَابَهُنَ رَيْبٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ- صَلَّيْنَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ فَكَانَ اللَّهُ يَرُدُّ عَنْهُنَّ أُولَئِكَ الرِّجَالَ، إِمَّا بِشُغُلٍ أَوْ مَرَضٍ أَوْ زَمَانَةٍ أَوْ لُطْفٍ مِنْ أَلْطَافِهِ فَلَمْ يَفْتَرِشْ مِنْهُنَّ امْرَأَةً، بَلْ دَفَعَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُنَّ- بِصَلَاتِهِنَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ
Allah-azwj Commanded those daughters that every time they were suspicious and doubting from that, they should be sending Salawat upon Muhammad-saww and his-saww goodly Progeny-asws. And it was so that Allah-azwj Repelled those (Pharaoh’s-la) men from them by their sending Salawat upon Muhammad-saww and his-saww goodly Progeny-asws.
ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ فِي ذلِكُمْ أَيْ فِي ذَلِكَ الْإِنْجَاءِ- الَّذِي أَنْجَاكُمْ مِنْهُمْ رَبُّكُمْ بَلاءٌ نِعْمَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ عَظِيمٌ كَبِيرٌ
Then Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: And during that – i.e., during that rescuing which your Lord-azwj Rescued you all from the scourge, a grievous Trial from your Lord [14:6].[43]
VERSES 7 & 8
وَإِذْ تَأَذَّنَ رَبُّكُمْ لَئِنْ شَكَرْتُمْ لَأَزِيدَنَّكُمْ ۖ وَلَئِنْ كَفَرْتُمْ إِنَّ عَذَابِي لَشَدِيدٌ {7}
And when your Lord Proclaimed: “If you are grateful, I would Increase it for you, and if you are ungrateful, then My Punishment is Severe” [14:7]
وَقَالَ مُوسَىٰ إِنْ تَكْفُرُوا أَنْتُمْ وَمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَغَنِيٌّ حَمِيدٌ {8}
And Musa said: ‘Even if you and the ones in the earth altogether were to commit Kufr, surely Allah is Needless, Praised [14:8]
محمد بن يعقوب: عن عدة من أصحابنا، عن سهل بن زياد، عن يحيي بن المبارك، عن عبد الله ابن جبلة، عن معاوية بن وهب، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام) قال: «من اعطي الشكر اعطي الزيادة، يقول الله عز و جل: لَئِنْ شَكَرْتُمْ لَأَزِيدَنَّكُمْ
Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from a number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Yahya Bin Al Mubarak, from Abdullah Ibn Jabalat, from Muawiya Bin Wahab,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The one who give thanks would be Given the Increase. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: And when your Lord Proclaimed: “If you are grateful, I would Increase it for you, and if you are ungrateful, then My Punishment is Severe” [14:7]’.[44]
سَهْلٌ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا (عليه السلام) أَنَا وَ حُسَيْنُ بْنُ ثُوَيْرِ بْنِ أَبِي فَاخِتَةَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّا كُنَّا فِي سَعَةٍ مِنَ الرِّزْقِ وَ غَضَارَةٍ مِنَ الْعَيْشِ فَتَغَيَّرَتِ الْحَالُ بَعْضَ التَّغْيِيرِ فَادْعُ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يَرُدَّ ذَلِكَ إِلَيْنَا
Sahl, from Ubeydullah, from Ahmad Bin Umar who said:
I went to Abu Al-Hassan Al-Reza-asws with Husayn Bin Suweyr Bin Abu Fakhta. So I said to him-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws, we used to be in a time of sustenance and led an affluent lifestyle. Our condition changed as it sometimes does, so supplicate to Allah-azwj to return that state to us’.
فَقَالَ أَيَّ شَيْءٍ تُرِيدُونَ تَكُونُونَ مُلُوكاً أَ يَسُرُّكَ أَنْ تَكُونَ مِثْلَ طَاهِرٍ وَ هَرْثَمَةَ وَ إِنَّكَ عَلَى خِلَافِ مَا أَنْتَ عَلَيْهِ قُلْتُ لَا وَ اللَّهِ مَا يَسُرُّنِي أَنَّ لِيَ الدُّنْيَا بِمَا فِيهَا ذَهَباً وَ فِضَّةً وَ إِنِّي عَلَى خِلَافِ مَا أَنَا عَلَيْهِ
He-asws said: ‘What is it that you want? To become kings? Would you be satisfied to become like Tahir and Harsama, and they are opposed to what you are upon?’ I said, ‘No, by Allah-azwj, it would not satisfy me that there should be for me the whole world and whatever is in it of the gold and the silver, while I am upon the opposite to what I am upon at present (Al-Wilayah)’.
قَالَ فَقَالَ فَمَنْ أَيْسَرَ مِنْكُمْ فَلْيَشْكُرِ اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ لَئِنْ شَكَرْتُمْ لَأَزِيدَنَّكُمْ وَ قَالَ سُبْحَانَهُ وَ تَعَالَى اعْمَلُوا آلَ داوُدَ شُكْراً وَ قَلِيلٌ مِنْ عِبادِيَ الشَّكُورُ
He-asws said; ‘So the one who is contented among you, should be thankful to Allah-azwj. Allah-azwj is Saying: “If you are grateful, I would Increase it for you [14:7]. And the Glorious and Exalted Said: Work gratefully, family of Dawood, and a few from My servants are grateful [34:13].
وَ أَحْسِنُوا الظَّنَّ بِاللَّهِ فَإِنَّ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ (عليه السلام) كَانَ يَقُولُ مَنْ حَسُنَ ظَنُّهُ بِاللَّهِ كَانَ اللَّهُ عِنْدَ ظَنِّهِ بِهِ وَ مَنْ رَضِيَ بِالْقَلِيلِ مِنَ الرِّزْقِ قَبِلَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ الْيَسِيرَ مِنَ الْعَمَلِ وَ مَنْ رَضِيَ بِالْيَسِيرِ مِنَ الْحَلَالِ خَفَّتْ مَئُونَتُهُ وَ تَنَعَّمَ أَهْلُهُ وَ بَصَّرَهُ اللَّهُ دَاءَ الدُّنْيَا وَ دَوَاءَهَا وَ أَخْرَجَهُ مِنْهَا سَالِماً إِلَى دَارِ السَّلَامِ
And think good with Allah-azwj, for Abu Abdullah-asws used to say; ‘The one who thinks about Allah-azwj, Allah-azwj would also Mention him (Reward him), and the one who is happy with a little from the sustenance, Allah-azwj would Accept even small amount of deeds. And the one who is happy with a small amount of Permissible, his expenses would be light and his family would enjoy, and Allah-azwj would Show him the sicknesses of the world and its cure and Bring him out from it safely to the House of Peace’.[45]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَمِيعاً عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ وَهْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَنْ أُعْطِيَ ثَلَاثاً لَمْ يُمْنَعْ ثَلَاثاً مَنْ أُعْطِيَ الدُّعَاءَ أُعْطِيَ الْإِجَابَةَ وَ مَنْ أُعْطِيَ الشُّكْرَ أُعْطِيَ الزِّيَادَةَ وَ مَنْ أُعْطِيَ التَّوَكُّلَ أُعْطِيَ الْكِفَايَةَ
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, and Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, altogether from Yahya Bin Al Mubarak,
(It has been narrated) from Abdullah Bin Jabala, from Muawiya Bin Wahab, from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The one who gives three (things) would not be denied three (things) – The one who gives the supplication would be Given the answer, and the one gives the thanks would be Given the increase, and the one who gives the reliance would be Given the sufficient’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ أَ تَلَوْتَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ مَنْ يَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ فَهُوَ حَسْبُهُ وَ قَالَ لَئِنْ شَكَرْتُمْ لَأَزِيدَنَّكُمْ وَ قَالَ ادْعُونِي أَسْتَجِبْ لَكُمْ
Then he-asws said: ‘Did you recite the Book of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: And one who relies upon Allah, so He would Suffice him [65:3]?’ And he-asws said: If you are grateful, I would Increase it for you [14:7]. And He-azwj Said: Supplicate to Me, I will Answer you [40:60]’.[46]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ وَهْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَنْ أُعْطِيَ الشُّكْرَ أُعْطِيَ الزِّيَادَةَ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَئِنْ شَكَرْتُمْ لَأَزِيدَنَّكُمْ
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Yahya Bin Al Mubarak, from Abdullah Bin Jabala, from Muawiya Bin Wahab,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The one who gives the thanks is Given the increase. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: And when your Lord Proclaimed: “If you are grateful, I would Increase it for you [14:7]’.[47]
و عنه، قال: أخبرنا جماعة، عن أبي المفضل، قال: حدثنا حيان بن بشر أبو بشر الأسدي القاضي بالمصيصة ، قال: حدثني خالي أبو عكرمة عامر بن عمران الضبي الكوفي، قال: حدثني محمد بن المفضل بن سلمة الضبي، عن أبيه المفضل بن سلمة، عن مالك بن أعين الجهني، قال: أوصي علي بن الحسين (عليه السلام) بعض ولده، فقال: «يا بني، اشكر الله لما أنعم عليك، و أنعم علي من شكرك، فإنه لا زوال للنعمة إذا شكرت، و لا بقاء لها إذا كفرت
And from him who said, ‘A group informed us, from Abu Al Mufazzal, from Hayan Bin Bashir Abu Bishr Al Asady the judge at Al Masaysa, from his uncle Ikrama Amir Bin Umran Al Zaby Al Kufy, from Muhammad Bin Al Mufazzal Bin Salma Al Zaby, from his father Al Mufazzal Bin Salma, from Malih Bin Ayn Al Jahny who said,
‘Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws bequeathed to one of his-asws sons, so he-asws said: ‘O my-asws son! Thank Allah-azwj for what He-azwj has Favoured upon you and Favoured upon me-asws from your thanks, for there would be no decline of the Bounties when they are thanked for, and there would be no remaining for these when these are denied with.
و الشاكر بشكره أسعد منه بالنعمة التي وجب عليه الشكر بها»- و تلا- يعني علي ابن الحسين (عليه السلام)- قول الله تعالى: وَ إِذْ تَأَذَّنَ رَبُّكُمْ لَئِنْ شَكَرْتُمْ لَأَزِيدَنَّكُمْ الي آخر الآية
And the thanking one with this thankfulness is more fortunate from it with the Bounty which Obligated upon him the gratefulness with it’, and he-asws – meaning Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws – the Words of Allah-azwj Exalted: And when your Lord Proclaimed: “If you are grateful, I would Increase it for you, and if you are ungrateful, then My Punishment is Severe” [14:7] – up to the end of the Verse’’.[48]
و عن أبي ولاد، قال: قلت لأبي عبد الله (عليه السلام): أ رأيت هذه النعمة الظاهرة علينا من الله، أ ليس ان شكرناه عليها و حمدناه زادنا، كما قال الله في كتابه: لَئِنْ شَكَرْتُمْ لَأَزِيدَنَّكُمْ؟
And from Abu Walad who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘What is your-asws view of these apparent Bounties Favoured upon us from Allah-azwj. Isn’t it so that when we thank Him-azwj upon these and we praise Him-azwj, He-azwj Increases for us, just as Allah-azwj has Said in His-azwj Book: “If you are grateful, I would Increase it for you [14:7]?’
فقال: «نعم، من حمد الله علي نعمه و شكره، و علم أن ذلك منه لا من غيره، زاد الله نعمه
He-asws said: ‘Yes. One who praises Allah-azwj upon His-azwj Bounties and thanks Him-azwj, and knows that, that is from Him-azwj, not from other than Him-azwj, Allah-azwj would Increase His-azwj Bounties’’.[49]
و عنه: عن عدة من أصحابنا، عن احمد بن محمد بن خالد، عن بعض أصحابنا، عن محمد بن هشام، عن ميسر، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام) قال: «شكر النعمة: اجتناب المحارم، و تمام الشكر: قول الرجل: الحمد لله رب العالمين
And from him, from a number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from one of our companions, from Muhammad Bin Hisham, from Maysar,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The appreciation for the Favours – Keeping aside from the Prohibitions; and the Completion of the appreciation – The words of the man, ‘The Praise is for Allah-azwj, Lord-azwj of the Worlds’.[50]
و عنه: عن الحسين بن محمد، عن معلي بن محمد، عن الوشاء، عن حماد بن عثمان، قال: خرج أبو عبد الله (عليه السلام) من المسجد، و قد ضاعت دابته، فقال: «لئن ردها الله علي لأشكرن الله حق شكره
And from him, from Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moala Bin Muhammad, from Al Washa, from Hamaad Bin Usmaan who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws came out from the Masjid, and his-asws animal (ride) was lost. So he-asws said: ‘If Allah-azwj were to Return it to me-asws, I-asws would thank Allah-azwj as is His-azwj Right to be Appreciated’.
قال: «فما لبث أن أتي بها، فقال: «الحمد لله» فقال قائل له: جعلت فداك، أ لست قلت: لأشكرن الله حق شكره؟! فقال أبو عبد الله (عليه السلام): «ألم تسمعني قلت: الحمد لله؟
He (the narrator) said, ‘It was not long before it was brought to him-asws, so he-asws said: ‘The Praise is for Allah-azwj!’ So a speaker said to him-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! Did you-asws not say: ‘I-asws would thank Allah-azwj as is His-azwj Right to be Appreciated?’ So Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Did you not hear me-asws say: ‘The Praise is for Allah-azwj’?’[51]
محمد بن يعقوب: عن علي بن إبراهيم، عن أبيه، عن بكر بن صالح، عن القاسم بن يزيد، عن أبي عمرو الزبيري، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: قلت له: أخبرني عن وجوه الكفر في كتاب الله عز و جل. قال: «الكفر في كتاب الله عز و جل على خمسة أوجه: فمنها كفر الجحود، و الجحود على وجهين، و الكفر بترك ما أمر الله، و كفر البراءة، و كفر النعم
Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Bakr Bin Salih, from Al-Qasim Bin Yazeed, from Abu Amro Al-Zubeyri,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws ‘ (please) Inform me about the aspects of the Kufr in the Book of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic’. He-asws said: ‘The Kufr, in the Book of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, is upon five aspects – So from it is the Kufr of the denial which itself is upon two aspects; and the Kufr of disregarding what Allah-azwj has Commanded for; and the Kufr of disavowing, and Kufr of the Favours.[52]
For detailed Ahadeeth on gratefulness refer to Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Kufr and Eman Ch 48
https://hubeali.com/books/English-Books/AlKafiVol2/AlKafiV2-TheBookOfBeliefAndDisbelief(3).pdf
VERSES 9 – 11
أَلَمْ يَأْتِكُمْ نَبَأُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ وَعَادٍ وَثَمُودَ ۛ وَالَّذِينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ ۛ لَا يَعْلَمُهُمْ إِلَّا اللَّهُ ۚ جَاءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ فَرَدُّوا أَيْدِيَهُمْ فِي أَفْوَاهِهِمْ وَقَالُوا إِنَّا كَفَرْنَا بِمَا أُرْسِلْتُمْ بِهِ وَإِنَّا لَفِي شَكٍّ مِمَّا تَدْعُونَنَا إِلَيْهِ مُرِيبٍ {9}
Has there not come to you news of those before you – people of Noah, and Aad, and Samood, and those from after them whom none knows except Allah? Their Rasools came to them with the clear proofs, but they thrust their hands in their mouths and said, ‘We disbelieve in what you have been Sent with, and we are in doubt from what you are calling us to, suspicious [14:9]
قَالَتْ رُسُلُهُمْ أَفِي اللَّهِ شَكٌّ فَاطِرِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ يَدْعُوكُمْ لِيَغْفِرَ لَكُمْ مِنْ ذُنُوبِكُمْ وَيُؤَخِّرَكُمْ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى ۚ قَالُوا إِنْ أَنْتُمْ إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُنَا تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تَصُدُّونَا عَمَّا كَانَ يَعْبُدُ آبَاؤُنَا فَأْتُونَا بِسُلْطَانٍ مُبِينٍ {10}
Their Rasools said: ‘Is the doubt regarding Allah, Originator of the skies and the earth? He is Calling you to Forgive you of your sins and Respite you to a specified term’. They said, ‘Surely you (Rasools) are only persons like us. You are wanting to block us from what our forefathers used to worship? Then come to us with a clear authorisation’ [14:10]
قَالَتْ لَهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ إِنْ نَحْنُ إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَمُنُّ عَلَىٰ مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ ۖ وَمَا كَانَ لَنَا أَنْ نَأْتِيَكُمْ بِسُلْطَانٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ۚ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ {11}
Their Rasools said to them: ‘Certainly we are persons like yourselves, but Allah Confers upon the one He so Desires to from His servants, and it was not for us that we should come to you with an authorisation except by the Permission of Allah, and upon Allah should the Momineen be relying’ [14:11]
Rasools-as are persons like us – in what way?
ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ قُلْ إِنَّما أَنَا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ يَعْنِي آكُلُ الطَّعَامَ يُوحى إِلَيَّ أَنَّما إِلهُكُمْ إِلهٌ واحِدٌ يَعْنِي قُلْ لَهُمْ: أَنَا فِي الْبَشَرِيَّةِ مِثْلُكُمْ، وَ لَكِنْ رَبِّي خَصَّنِي بِالنُّبُوَّةِ دُونَكُمْ، كَمَا يَخُصُّ بَعْضَ الْبَشَرِ بِالْغَنَاءِ- وَ الصِّحَّةِ وَ الْجَمَالِ دُونَ بَعْضٍ مِنَ الْبَشَرِ، فَلَا تُنْكِرُوا أَنْ يَخُصَّنِي أَيْضاً بِالنُّبُوَّةِ
(Imam Hassan Al-Askari-asws said): ‘Then Allah-azwj the Exalted Revealed unto him-saww: O Muhammad-saww! Say: ‘But rather, I am a person like you [18:110] – meaning, ‘I-saww eat the food’, it is Revealed to me that your God is one God – meaning, tell them, ‘I-saww am, with regards to being a human being, am like you all, but my-saww Lord-azwj Specialised me-saww with the Prophet-hood besides you all, just as He-azwj Specialised some of the human beings with the riches, and the good health, and the beauty besides the other from the humans. Therefore, you should not be denying that He-azwj can Specialise me-saww with the Prophet-hood as well’.[53]
VERSE 12
وَمَا لَنَا أَلَّا نَتَوَكَّلَ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَقَدْ هَدَانَا سُبُلَنَا ۚ وَلَنَصْبِرَنَّ عَلَىٰ مَا آذَيْتُمُونَا ۚ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُتَوَكِّلُونَ {12}
And it is not for us except that we should be relying upon Allah, and He has Guided us in our ways, and we should be patient upon what you are hurting us, and upon Allah should the relying ones be relying [14:12]
ابن بابويه في (الفقيه) مرسلا عن الصادق (عليه السلام) في قوله عز و جل: وَ عَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُتَوَكِّلُونَ. قال: «الزارعون
Ibn Babuwayh in Al Faqeeh, with an unbroken chain
(It has been narrated) from Al-Sadiq-asws regarding the Mighty and Majestic: and upon Allah should the relying ones be relying [14:12]. He-asws said: ‘The farmers’.[54]
VERSES 13 & 14
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِرُسُلِهِمْ لَنُخْرِجَنَّكُمْ مِنْ أَرْضِنَا أَوْ لَتَعُودُنَّ فِي مِلَّتِنَا ۖ فَأَوْحَىٰ إِلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ لَنُهْلِكَنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ {13}
And those who committed Kufr said to their Rasools, ‘We will expel you from our land or else you return to be in our religion’. So their Lord Revealed unto them: “We will Destroy the unjust ones!” [14:13]
وَلَنُسْكِنَنَّكُمُ الْأَرْضَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَنْ خَافَ مَقَامِي وَخَافَ وَعِيدِ {14}
And We will Settle you in the land after them. That is for one who fears My Status and fears My Threat [14:14]
علي بن ابراهيم، قال: حدثني أبي رفعه الي النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله) قال: «من آذى جاره طمعا في مسكنه ورثه الله داره، و هو قوله: وَ قالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِرُسُلِهِمْ- الي قوله- فَأَوْحى إِلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ لَنُهْلِكَنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ وَ لَنُسْكِنَنَّكُمُ الْأَرْضَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ
Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘My father narrated to me, raising it to
(It has been narrated) the Holy Prophet-saww having said: ‘The one who hurts his neighbour in the greed regarding his house and that Allah-azwj would Make him (neighbour) inherit his house. And these are the His-azwj Words: And those who committed Kufr said to their Rasools [14:13] – up to His-azwj Words: So their Lord Revealed unto them: “We will Destroy the unjust ones!” [14:13] And We will Settle you in the land after them [14:14]’.[55]
تحف العقول: عن الإمام علي بن الحسين (عليه السلام) أنه قال- في حديث طويل-: «فخافوا الله أيها المؤمنون من البيات خوف أهل التقوى، فإن الله يقول: ذلِكَ لِمَنْ خافَ مَقامِي وَ خافَ وَعِيدِ فاحذروا زهرة الحياة الدنيا و غرورها و شرورها، و تذكروا ضرر عاقبة الميل إليها، فإن زينتها فتنة، و حبها خطيئة
Tohfat Al Uqool,
(It has been narrated) from the Imam Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws having said – in a lengthy Hadeeth: ‘So be fearing Allah-azwj, O you Momineen from the infantrymen, the fear of the people of piety, for Allah-azwj is Saying: That is for one who fears My Status and fears My Threat [14:14]. Therefore, be cautioned from the blossoms of the life of the world, and its deceptions, and its evils, and remember the damage of the consequences of inclining towards it, for its adornments are a Trial, and the love for it is a sin’.[56]
فِي كِتَابِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورْيَسْتِيِّ وَ فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: «يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَ أَهْلِيكُمْ ناراً وَقُودُهَا النَّاسُ وَ الْحِجارَةُ» تَلَاهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ فَخَرَّ فَتًى مَغْشِيّاً عَلَيْهِ
In the book of Ja’far Bin Muhammad Al Dowrosty, and in another Hadeeth from Ibn Madoud, he said, ‘
When this Verse was Revealed: O you who believe! Save yourselves and your families from a Fire whose fuel are the people and the stones [66:6], Rasool-Allah-saww recited it to his-saww companions, and a youth fell down due to fainting upon him.
فَوَضَعَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ يَدَهُ عَلَى فُؤَادِهِ فَوَجَدَهُ يَكَادُ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ مَكَانِهِ، فَقَالَ: يَا فَتَى قُلْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، فَتَحَرَّكَ الْفَتَى فَقَالَهَا، فَبَشَّرَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ بِالْجَنَّةِ
The Prophet-saww placed his-saww hand upon his heart, and found it to have almost come out from its place, so he-saww said: ‘O young man! Say, ‘There is no god except Allah-azwj!’ The youth moved and said it, and the Prophet-saww gave him the glad tidings of the Paradise.
فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مِنْ بَيْنِنَا؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: أَ مَا سَمِعْتُمْ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: ذلِكَ لِمَنْ خافَ مَقامِي وَ خافَ وَعِيدِ.
The people said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! From among us?’ So the Prophet-saww said: ‘Have you not heard Allah-azwj the Exalted Saying: That is for one who fears My Status and fears My Threat [14:14]?’’[57]
VERSE 15
وَاسْتَفْتَحُوا وَخَابَ كُلُّ جَبَّارٍ عَنِيدٍ {15}
And they are asking for judgment, and every stubborn tyrant was disappointed [14:15]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ بَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ جَالِساً إِذْ أَقْبَلَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) إِنَّ فِيكَ شَبَهاً مِنْ عِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ وَ لَوْ لَا أَنْ تَقُولَ فِيكَ طَوَائِفُ مِنْ أُمَّتِي مَا قَالَتِ النَّصَارَى فِي عِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ لَقُلْتُ فِيكَ قَوْلًا لَا تَمُرُّ بِمَلَإٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ إِلَّا أَخَذُوا التُّرَابَ مِنْ تَحْتِ قَدَمَيْكَ يَلْتَمِسُونَ بِذَلِكَ الْبَرَكَةَ
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Muhammad Bin Suleyman, from his father, from Abu Baseer who said:
‘One day Rasool Allah-saww was explaining (matters) in a session, when Amir-Al-Momineen-asws came over. Rasool Allah-saww said to him-asws that: ‘In you-asws there is a similarity with Isa-as Bin Maryam-as, and had it not been for a sect from my-saww community saying regarding you-asws what the Christians are saying regarding Isa-as Bin Maryam-as, I-saww would have said regarding you-asws such words that none from the people would pass by you-asws except that he would take the dust from under your-asws feet seeking Blessings by that’.
قَالَ فَغَضِبَ الْأَعْرَابِيَّانِ وَ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ وَ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ مَعَهُمْ فَقَالُوا مَا رَضِيَ أَنْ يَضْرِبَ لِابْنِ عَمِّهِ مَثَلًا إِلَّا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ
He-asws said: ‘Two bedouins became angered along with Al-Mugheira Bin Sho’bat as well a number from the Quraysh among them. So they said, ‘He-saww was not happy until he-saww struck an example for the son-asws of his-saww uncle-as with Isa-as Bin Maryam-as’.
فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَقَالَ وَ لَمَّا ضُرِبَ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ مَثَلًا إِذا قَوْمُكَ مِنْهُ يَصِدُّونَ وَ قالُوا أَ آلِهَتُنا خَيْرٌ أَمْ هُوَ ما ضَرَبُوهُ لَكَ إِلَّا جَدَلًا بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ خَصِمُونَ إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا عَبْدٌ أَنْعَمْنا عَلَيْهِ وَ جَعَلْناهُ مَثَلًا لِبَنِي إِسْرائِيلَ وَ لَوْ نَشاءُ لَجَعَلْنا مِنْكُمْ يَعْنِي مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ مَلائِكَةً فِي الْأَرْضِ يَخْلُفُونَ
So Allah-azwj Revealed unto His-azwj Prophet-saww Saying: And when an example is struck for the son of Maryam, then your people are laughing loudly [43:57] And they are saying, ‘Are our gods better or him?’ They are not attacking him to you except for quarrelling. But, they are a disputing people [43:58] Surely he is only a servant We Favoured upon and Made him an example for the Children of Israel [43:59] And had We so Desired, We would have Made from you – Meaning the clan of Hashim-asws, Angels in the earth succeeding (each other) [43:59].
قَالَ فَغَضِبَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الْفِهْرِيُّ فَقَالَ اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ كانَ هذا هُوَ الْحَقَّ مِنْ عِنْدِكَ أَنَّ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ يَتَوَارَثُونَ هِرَقْلًا بَعْدَ هِرَقْلٍ فَأَمْطِرْ عَلَيْنا حِجارَةً مِنَ السَّماءِ أَوِ ائْتِنا بِعَذابٍ أَلِيمٍ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ مَقَالَةَ الْحَارِثِ وَ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ وَ ما كانَ اللَّهُ لِيُعَذِّبَهُمْ وَ أَنْتَ فِيهِمْ وَ ما كانَ اللَّهُ مُعَذِّبَهُمْ وَ هُمْ يَسْتَغْفِرُونَ
He-asws said: ‘Al-Haaris Bin Amro Al-Fahry became angry and said, ‘O Allah! In case this is the Truth from Your Presence – that the Clan of Hashim-asws will be inheriting from Heraclius and after Heraclius, then Rain upon us stones from the sky or Give up a painful Punishment [8:32]. So Allah-azwj Revealed (upon) the words of Al-Haaris and this Verse Came down: And Allah was not going to Punish them while you were among them, nor was Allah Punish them while they are seeking Forgiveness [8:33].
ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ يَا ابْنَ عَمْرٍو إِمَّا تُبْتَ وَ إِمَّا رَحَلْتَ فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ بَلْ تَجْعَلُ لِسَائِرِ قُرَيْشٍ شَيْئاً مِمَّا فِي يَدَيْكَ فَقَدْ ذَهَبَتْ بَنُو هَاشِمٍ بِمَكْرُمَةِ الْعَرَبِ وَ الْعَجَمِ
Then he-saww said to him: ‘O Ibn Amro, either you repent or you leave’. He said, ‘O Muhammad-saww, but you-saww have made for all of the Quraysh something from what is in your-saww hands, for the Clan of Hashim-asws have taken away the prestige of the Arabs and the non-Arabs’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ إِلَيَّ ذَلِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ قَلْبِي مَا يُتَابِعُنِي عَلَى التَّوْبَةِ وَ لَكِنْ أَرْحَلُ عَنْكَ فَدَعَا بِرَاحِلَتِهِ فَرَكِبَهَا فَلَمَّا صَارَ بِظَهْرِ الْمَدِينَةِ أَتَتْهُ جَنْدَلَةٌ فَرَضَخَتْ هَامَتَهُ
The Prophet-saww said to him: ‘That is not up to me-saww, but that is up to Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted’. He said, ‘O Muhammad-saww, my heart does not incline me for the repentance, but I shall leave from you’. So he called for his ride and rode away. When he came to the back of Al-Medina, a stone fell upon him and crushed his skull.
ثُمَّ أَتَى الْوَحْيُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَقَالَ سَأَلَ سائِلٌ بِعَذابٍ واقِعٍ لِلْكافِرينَ بِوَلَايَةِ عَلِيٍّ لَيْسَ لَهُ دافِعٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ ذِي الْمَعارِجِ
Then Revelation Came to the Prophet-saww Saying: A questioner, asked for the Punishment to befall [70:1] For the disbelievers in the Wilayah of Ali, there being no dispeller for it [70:2] (It is) from Allah, the Lord of the ways of Ascent [70:3].
قَالَ قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّا لَا نَقْرَؤُهَا هَكَذَا فَقَالَ هَكَذَا وَ اللَّهِ نَزَلَ بِهَا جَبْرَئِيلُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) وَ هَكَذَا هُوَ وَ اللَّهِ مُثْبَتٌ فِي مُصْحَفِ فَاطِمَةَ ( عليها السلام )
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws, we do not read it like this’. He-asws said: ‘By Allah-azwj! This is how Jibraeel-as Descended with it upon Muhammad-saww, and by Allah-azwj, this is how it is recorded in the Parchment (Mus’haf) of Fatima-asws’.
فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) لِمَنْ حَوْلَهُ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ انْطَلِقُوا إِلَى صَاحِبِكُمْ فَقَدْ أَتَاهُ مَا اسْتَفْتَحَ بِهِ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ اسْتَفْتَحُوا وَ خابَ كُلُّ جَبَّارٍ عَنِيدٍ
Rasool Allah-saww said to those who were around him-saww from the hypocrites: ‘Go to your companion, for there has come to him what judgment he was asking for’. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: And they are asking for judgment, and every stubborn tyrant was disappointed [14:15]’’.[58]
ثم قال: و في رواية أبي الجارود، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام) قال: «العنيد: المعرض عن الحق
Then Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘And in a report of Abu Al Jaroud,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘The stubborn – the one who turns away from the Truth’.[59]
في التوحيد عن النبيّ صلَّى اللَّه عليه و آله و سلم: يعني من أبى أن يقول لا إله إلّا اللَّه
In (the book) Al Tawheed,
‘From the Prophet-saww: ‘It (stubborn tyrant [14:15]) means one who refuses to say, ‘There is no god except Allah-azwj’’.[60]
VERSES 16 & 17
مِنْ وَرَائِهِ جَهَنَّمُ وَيُسْقَىٰ مِنْ مَاءٍ صَدِيدٍ {16}
Ahead of him is Hell and he would be Quenched from a watery pus [14:16]
يَتَجَرَّعُهُ وَلَا يَكَادُ يُسِيغُهُ وَيَأْتِيهِ الْمَوْتُ مِنْ كُلِّ مَكَانٍ وَمَا هُوَ بِمَيِّتٍ ۖ وَمِنْ وَرَائِهِ عَذَابٌ غَلِيظٌ {17}
He would sip it and would hardly be able to swallow it, and the death would come to him from every place but he would not be dying, and ahead of him would be harsh Punishment [14:17]
الطبرسي: عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام): «أي و يسقي مما يسيل من الدم و القيح من فروج الزواني في النار
Al Tabarsy,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws: ‘Yes, and he would be quenched from what flows from the blood and the pus from the genitals of the prostitutes, in the Fire’.[61]
العياشي: عن مسعدة بن صدقة، عن جعفر بن محمد، عن أبيه، عن جده (عليهم السلام)، قال: «قال أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام): ان أهل النار لما غلي الزقوم و الضريع في بطونهم كغلي الحميم سألوا الشراب، فاتوا بشراب غساق و صديد
Al-Ayyashi, from Mas’adat Bin Sadaqa,
(It has been narrated) from Ja’far Bin Muhammad-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from his-asws grandfather-asws having said: ‘Amir-Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘When Al-Zaqoom and Al-Zari’e (plants of Hell) boil in the bellies of the people of Hell, like the boiling of scalding water, they would ask for the drink. So they would be brought bodily excretions and pus.
يَتَجَرَّعُهُ وَ لا يَكادُ يُسِيغُهُ وَ يَأْتِيهِ الْمَوْتُ مِنْ كُلِّ مَكانٍ وَ ما هُوَ بِمَيِّتٍ وَ مِنْ وَرائِهِ عَذابٌ غَلِيظٌ و حميم تغلي به جهنم منذ خلقت، كَالْمُهْلِ يَشْوِي الْوُجُوهَ بِئْسَ الشَّرابُ وَ ساءَتْ مُرْتَفَقاً
He would sip it and would hardly be able to swallow it, and the death would come to him from every place and he would not be dying, and ahead of him would be harsh Punishment [14:17], and the water has been boiled by the Hell since it was Created, like molten copper grilling their faces. Evil is the drink and worse is the dwelling [18:29]’.[62]
VERSE 18
مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِرَبِّهِمْ ۖ أَعْمَالُهُمْ كَرَمَادٍ اشْتَدَّتْ بِهِ الرِّيحُ فِي يَوْمٍ عَاصِفٍ ۖ لَا يَقْدِرُونَ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا عَلَىٰ شَيْءٍ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ الضَّلَالُ الْبَعِيدُ {18}
An example of those who are committing Kufr with their Lord, their deeds are like ashes the wind blows hard upon during a stormy day. They are not able upon anything from what they are earning. That is the far straying [14:18]
عنه، عن محمد بن علي، عن الحسن بن محبوب، عن العلا بن رزين، عن محمد بن مسلم، قال: سمعت أبا جعفر عليه السلام يقول: ان أئمة الجور وأتباعهم لمعزولون عن دين الله والحق، قد ضلوا بأعمالهم التي يعملونها ” كرماد اشتدت به الريح في يوم عاصف لا يقدرون على شئ مما كسبوا ذلك هو الضلال البعيد
From him, from Muhammad Bin Ali, from Al Hassan Bin Mahoun, from Al A’ala in Razeyn, from Muhammad Bin Muslim who said,
‘I heard Abu Ja’far-asws saying: ‘The unjust imams and their followers are isolated ones from the Religion of Allah-azwj and the Truth, having strayed due to their deeds which they had done, are like ashes the wind blows hard upon during a stormy day. They are not able upon anything from what they are earning. That is the far straying [14:18]’.[63]
و قَوْلُهُ مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِرَبِّهِمْ أَعْمالُهُمْ- كَرَمادٍ اشْتَدَّتْ بِهِ الرِّيحُ فِي يَوْمٍ عاصِفٍ قَالَ مَنْ لَمْ يُقِرَّ بِوَلَايَةِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع بَطَلَ عَمَلُهُ- مِثْلُ الرَّمَادِ الَّذِي يَجِيءُ الرِّيحُ فَتَحْمِلُه
(Ali Bin Ibrahim) said,
‘And His-azwj Words: An example of those who are committing Kufr with their Lord, their deeds are like ashes the wind blows hard upon during a stormy day [14:18], he-asws said: ‘One who does not accept the Wilayah of Amir Al-Momineen-asws, his deeds would be invalidated, like the dust to which the wind comes to on a stormy day’’.[64]
The far straying
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ كُلُّ مَنْ دَانَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِعِبَادَةٍ يُجْهِدُ فِيهَا نَفْسَهُ وَ لَا إِمَامَ لَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ فَسَعْيُهُ غَيْرُ مَقْبُولٍ وَ هُوَ ضَالٌّ مُتَحَيِّرٌ وَ اللَّهُ شَانِئٌ لِأَعْمَالِهِ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Al A’ala Bin Razeyn, from Muhammad Bin Muslim who said,
‘I heard Abu Ja’far-asws saying: ‘Everyone who makes it a Religion of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic by worship, fighting against his own self, and there is no Imam-asws for him from Allah-azwj, so his striving would be without Acceptance and he would stray confused and Allah-azwj would Hate his deeds.
وَ مَثَلُهُ كَمَثَلِ شَاةٍ ضَلَّتْ عَنْ رَاعِيهَا وَ قَطِيعِهَا فَهَجَمَتْ ذَاهِبَةً وَ جَائِيَةً يَوْمَهَا فَلَمَّا جَنَّهَا اللَّيْلُ بَصُرَتْ بِقَطِيعِ غَنَمٍ مَعَ رَاعِيهَا فَحَنَّتْ إِلَيْهَا وَ اغْتَرَّتْ بِهَا فَبَاتَتْ مَعَهَا فِي مَرْبِضِهَا فَلَمَّا أَنْ سَاقَ الرَّاعِي قَطِيعَهُ أَنْكَرَتْ رَاعِيَهَا وَ قَطِيعَهَا فَهَجَمَتْ مُتَحَيِّرَةً تَطْلُبُ رَاعِيَهَا وَ قَطِيعَهَا فَبَصُرَتْ بِغَنَمٍ مَعَ رَاعِيهَا فَحَنَّتْ إِلَيْهَا وَ اغْتَرَّتْ بِهَا فَصَاحَ بِهَا الرَّاعِي الْحَقِي بِرَاعِيكِ وَ قَطِيعِكِ فَأَنْتِ تَائِهَةٌ مُتَحَيِّرَةٌ عَنْ رَاعِيكَ وَ قَطِيعِكَ
And his example is like the example of a sheep who has strayed from its shepherd and its herd. It wanders going and coming during its day. When the night shields it, it sees a herd of sheep with their shepherd. It goes over to them and departs with them and spends the night along with them in their pens. The shepherd shouts at it, ‘Go and join your own shepherd and your herd, for you are wandering confused from your shepherd and your herd!’
فَهَجَمَتْ ذَعِرَةً مُتَحَيِّرَةً تَائِهَةً لَا رَاعِيَ لَهَا يُرْشِدُهَا إِلَى مَرْعَاهَا أَوْ يَرُدُّهَا فَبَيْنَا هِيَ كَذَلِكَ إِذَا اغْتَنَمَ الذِّئْبُ ضَيْعَتَهَا فَأَكَلَهَا
It runs wandering confusedly, there being no shepherd for it to guide it to its pastures or to return it. So while it is like that, the wolf attacks it, wasting it, and devours it.
وَ كَذَلِكَ وَ اللَّهِ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَنْ أَصْبَحَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ لَا إِمَامَ لَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ ظَاهِرٌ عَادِلٌ أَصْبَحَ ضَالًّا تَائِهاً وَ إِنْ مَاتَ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْحَالَةِ مَاتَ مِيتَةَ كُفْرٍ وَ نِفَاقٍ وَ اعْلَمْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَنَّ أَئِمَّةَ الْجَوْرِ وَ أَتْبَاعَهُمْ لَمَعْزُولُونَ عَنْ دِينِ اللَّهِ قَدْ ضَلُّوا وَ أَضَلُّوا فَأَعْمَالُهُمُ الَّتِي يَعْمَلُونَهَا كَرَمَادٍ اشْتَدَّتْ بِهِ الرِّيحُ فِي يَوْمٍ عَاصِفٍ لَا يَقْدِرُونَ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا عَلَى شَيْءٍ ذَلِكَ هُوَ الضَّلَالُ الْبَعِيدُ
And similar to that, by Allah-azwj O Muhammad, is the one from this community who wakes up in the morning with no Imam-asws for him from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, manifest, just. He wakes up in the morning straying, wandering, and if he was to die upon this state, would die the death of disbelief and hypocrisy. And know, O Muhammad, that the tyrannous imams and their followers are isolated from the Religion of Allah-azwj. They have strayed and are straying (others). Thus, the deeds which they are performing are like the dust which the wind scatters with during a stormy day. They are not able upon anything from that what they are earning. It is the far straying’.[65]
VERSES 19 – 21
أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ بِالْحَقِّ ۚ إِنْ يَشَأْ يُذْهِبْكُمْ وَيَأْتِ بِخَلْقٍ جَدِيدٍ {19}
Do you not see that Allah Created the skies and the earth with the Truth? If He so Desires to, He can Eliminate you all and Come with a new people [14:19]
وَمَا ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ بِعَزِيزٍ {20}
And this is not a big thing for Allah [14:20]
وَبَرَزُوا لِلَّهِ جَمِيعًا فَقَالَ الضُّعَفَاءُ لِلَّذِينَ اسْتَكْبَرُوا إِنَّا كُنَّا لَكُمْ تَبَعًا فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُغْنُونَ عَنَّا مِنْ عَذَابِ اللَّهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ ۚ قَالُوا لَوْ هَدَانَا اللَّهُ لَهَدَيْنَاكُمْ ۖ سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْنَا أَجَزِعْنَا أَمْ صَبَرْنَا مَا لَنَا مِنْ مَحِيصٍ {21}
And they shall come forth to Allah altogether, so the weak ones would say to those who had been arrogant, ‘We used to be your followers, so can you avert anything from the Punishment of Allah from us?’ They would say, ‘If Allah has Guided us, we would have guided you. It is the same upon us whether we panic or are patient, there is no escape for us’ [14:21]
فِي مِصْبَاحِ شَيْخِ الطَّائِفَةِ قُدِّسَ سِرُّهُ خُطْبَةٌ لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ خَطَبَ بِهَا يَوْمَ الْغَدِيرِ وَ فِيهَا يَقُولُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ: وَ تَقَرَّبُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ بِتَوْحِيدِهِ وَ طَاعَةِ مَنْ أَمَرَكُمْ أَنْ تُطِيعُوهُ وَ لا تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوافِرِ وَ لَا يَخْلِجْ بِكُمُ الْغَي فَتَضِلُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ الرَّشَادِ بِاتِّبَاعِ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ ضَلُّوا وَ أَضَلُّوا
In (the book) Misbah of Sheykh Al Taifa –
‘There is a sermon of Amir Al-Momineen-asws he-asws had addressed with on the day of Al-Ghadeer, and in it he-asws is saying: ‘And you should draw closer to Allah-azwj by His-azwj Tawheed and obedience to the one-asws you have been Commanded to obey him-asws, and do not be attached to the ropes of the apparent nor let the errors play with your minds, for you will stray from the righty way by following them, those who are straying and leading others astray.
قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ مِنْ قَائِلٍ فِي طَائِفَةٍ ذَكَرَهُمُ بِالذَّمِّ فِي كِتَابِهِ: «إِنَّا أَطَعْنا سادَتَنا وَ كُبَراءَنا» إِلَى قَوْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ وَ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَ إِذْ يَتَحَاجُّونَ فِي النَّارِ فَيَقُولُ الضُّعَفاءُ لِلَّذِينَ اسْتَكْبَرُوا إِنَّا كُنَّا لَكُمْ تَبَعاً فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُغْنُونَ عَنَّا مِنْ عَذابِ اللَّهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ قالُوا لَوْ هَدانَا اللَّهُ لَهَدَيْناكُمْ
Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said, of a speaker in a group Mentioning them with the Condemnation in His-azwj Book: We obeyed our chiefs and our great ones [33:67] to his-asws words. And Allah-azwj the Exalted Said: when they would be arguing in the Fire: so the weak ones would say to those who had been arrogant, ‘We used to be your followers, so can you avert anything from the Punishment of Allah from us?’ They would say, ‘If Allah has Guided us, we would have guided you [14:21].
أَ فَتَدْرُونَ الِاسْتِكْبَارُ مَا هُوَ؟ هُوَ تَرْكُ الطَّاعَةِ لِمَنْ أُمِرُوا بِطَاعَتِهِ، وَ التَّرَفُّعُ عَلَى مَنْ نُدِبُوا إِلَى مُتَابَعَتِهِ، وَ الْقُرْآنُ يَنْطِقُ مِنْ هَذَا مِنْ كَثِيرٍ إِنْ تَدَبَّرَهُ مُتَدَبِّرٌ زَجَرَهُ وَ وَعَظَهُ
So, do you know ‘the arrogance’ what is it? It is the neglect of the obedience to the one-asws the obedience to whom has been Commanded for, and the scorn upon the one who has been inclined to follow him-asws. And the Quran Speaks a lot of this if the pondering ones were to ponder, His-azwj Rebuke and His-azwj Advice’’.[66]
VERSE 22
وَقَالَ الشَّيْطَانُ لَمَّا قُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَعَدَكُمْ وَعْدَ الْحَقِّ وَوَعَدْتُكُمْ فَأَخْلَفْتُكُمْ ۖ وَمَا كَانَ لِيَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ سُلْطَانٍ إِلَّا أَنْ دَعَوْتُكُمْ فَاسْتَجَبْتُمْ لِي ۖ فَلَا تَلُومُونِي وَلُومُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ ۖ مَا أَنَا بِمُصْرِخِكُمْ وَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِمُصْرِخِيَّ ۖ إِنِّي كَفَرْتُ بِمَا أَشْرَكْتُمُونِ مِنْ قَبْلُ ۗ إِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ {22}
And the Satan will say when the matters are Decided, ‘Surely Allah Promised you a Promise of the Truth, and I promised you, then I broke it to you, and there was no authority for me upon you except that I called you, so you responded to me. Therefore, do not blame me, but blame your own selves. I am not going to cry out to you all for help and you should not cry out to me for help. I denied what you were associating from before. Surely the unjust, for them would be in a painful Punishment [14:22]
العياشي: عن حريز، عمن ذكره، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام) في قول الله: وَ قالَ الشَّيْطانُ لَمَّا قُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ، قال: «هو الثاني، و ليس في القرآن وَ قالَ الشَّيْطانُ الا و هو الثاني
Al Ayyashi, from Hareyz, from the one who mentioned it,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj: And the Satan will say when the matters are Decided [14:22]. He-asws said: ‘He is the second one (Umar), and there is nothing in the Quran ‘And the Satan said’, except that it is the second one (Umar)’.[67]
عن أبي بصير، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام): «أنه إذا كان يوم القيامة يؤتي بإبليس في سبعين غلا و سبعين كبلا ، فينظر الأول الي زفر في عشرين و مائة كبل و عشرين و مائة غل، فينظر إبليس، فيقول: من هذا الذي أضعف الله له العذاب، و أنا أغويت هذا الخلق جميعا؟
From Abu Baseer,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When it will be the Day of Judgement, they would come with Iblees-la in seventy chains and seventy shackles, and he-la would first look at Zafar (Umar) who would be in one hundred and twenty chains and one hundred and twenty shackles. So Iblees-la would look and he-la would be saying, ‘Who is this for whom Allah-azwj has Multiplied the Punishment for, and I-la was the one who seduced these people in their entirety?’
فيقال: هذا زفر. فيقول: بما حدد له هذا العذاب؟ فيقال: ببغيه علي علي (عليه السلام)
It would be said, ‘This is Zafar (Umar)’. So he-la would say, ‘Due to what is this Punishment for him?’ It would be saying, ‘Due to his rebellion against Ali-asws’.
فيقول له إبليس: ويل لك و ثبور لك، أما علمت أن الله أمرني بالسجود لآدم فعصيته، و سألته أن يجعل لي سلطانا علي محمد و أهل بيته و شيعته، فلم يجبني الي ذلك و قال: إِنَّ عِبادِي لَيْسَ لَكَ عَلَيْهِمْ سُلْطانٌ إِلَّا مَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ مِنَ الْغاوِينَ
So, Iblees-la would say to him (Umar), ‘woe be unto you and perdition is for you! But, did you not know that Allah-azwj had Commanded me-la with the Sajdah to Adam-as, but I-la disobeyed Him-azwj, and I-la asked Him-azwj that He-azwj should Make an authority for me-la upon Muhammad-saww and the People-asws of his-saww Household and his-saww Shias, but He-azwj did not Answer me-la to that and Said: Surely, (as for) My servants, there wouldn’t be any authority for you upon them, except for the ones who follow you from the straying ones [15:42].
و ما عرفتهم حين استثناهم، إذ قلت وَ لا تَجِدُ أَكْثَرَهُمْ شاكِرِينَ؟ فمنتك به نفسك غرورا فتوقف بين يدي الخلائق. ثم قال له: ما الذي كان منك الي علي و الي الخلق الذي اتبعوك علي الخلاف؟ فيقول الشيطان- و هو زفر- لإبليس: أنت أمرتني بذلك
And did you not recognise them when He-azwj Excluded them, when I-la said, and You will not Find most of them as thankful ones’ [7:17]?’ Then he-la would say to him, ‘What was that which was from you to Ali-asws and to the people who followed you upon the opposition?’ So the satan-la – and he is Zafar (Umar) – would be saying to Iblees-la, ‘You-la instructed me with that!’
فيقول له إبليس: فلم عصيت ربك و أطعتني؟ فيرد زفر عليه ما قال الله: إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَعَدَكُمْ وَعْدَ الْحَقِّ وَ وَعَدْتُكُمْ فَأَخْلَفْتُكُمْ وَ ما كانَ لِي عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ سُلْطانٍ الي آخر الآية
So, Iblees-la would be saying to him, ‘So why did you disobey your Lord-azwj and obey me-la?’ Zafar (Umar) would reply to him what Allah-azwj Said: ‘Surely Allah Promised you a Promise of the Truth, and I promised you, then I broke it to you, and there was no authority for me upon [14:22] – up to the end of the Verse’.[68]
The Kufr of Iblees-la
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الزُّبَيْرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ وُجُوهِ الْكُفْرِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَالَ الْكُفْرُ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَلَى خَمْسَةِ أَوْجُهٍ فَمِنْهَا كُفْرُ الْجُحُودُ وَ الْجُحُودُ عَلَى وَجْهَيْنِ وَ الْكُفْرُ بِتَرْكِ مَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ وَ كُفْرُ الْبَرَاءَةِ وَ كُفْرُ النِّعَمِ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Bakr Bin Salih, from Al Qasim Bin Yazeed, from Abu Amro Al Zubeyri,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘Inform me about the aspects of the Kufr (disbelief) in the Book of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic’. He-asws said: ‘The Kufr (disbelief) in the Book of Allah-azwj is upon five aspects. So, from these is the Kufr (disbelief) of the denial. And the denial is upon two aspects – the Kufr (disbelief) by neglecting what Allah-azwj Commanded for, and Kufr (disbelief) of the disownment (Tabarra); and there is the Kufr (disbelief) of the Bounties.
وَ الْوَجْهُ الْخَامِسُ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ كُفْرُ الْبَرَاءَةِ وَ قَالَ يَذْكُرُ إِبْلِيسَ وَ تَبْرِئَتَهُ مِنْ أَوْلِيَائِهِ مِنَ الْإِنْسِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ إِنِّي كَفَرْتُ بِما أَشْرَكْتُمُونِ مِنْ قَبْلُ
And the fifth aspect from the Kufr (disbelief) is Kufr of the disavowing. And He-azwj Said Mentioning Iblees-la and his-la disavowing from his-la friends from the human beings on the Day of Judgment: I denied what you were associating from before [14:22]’.[69]
See an additional Hadeeth in the interpretation of 14:22 in Appendix:
VERSE 23
وَأُدْخِلَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ ۖ تَحِيَّتُهُمْ فِيهَا سَلَامٌ {23}
And those who are believing and are doing righteous deeds would be entering Gardens beneath which the Rivers flow, being eternally in these by the Permission of their Lord. Their greeting therein would be, ‘Salaam!’ [14:23]
وَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِاللَّهِ وَ بِرَسُولِهِ مَنْ بَدَأَ بِالسَّلَامِ
And by this chain,
‘He-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The closest of the people with Allah-azwj and with His-azwj Rasool-saww is the one who initiates the greeting (السَّلَامُ)’.[70]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ كَانَ سَلْمَانُ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ يَقُولُ أَفْشُوا سَلَامَ اللَّهِ فَإِنَّ سَلَامَ اللَّهِ لَا يَنَالُ الظَّالِمِينَ
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Abdul Rahman Bin abu Najran, from Aasim Bin Humeyd, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘It was so that Salman-as was saying: ‘Offer the Greeting (السَّلَامُ) of Allah-azwj openly, as for the Greeting (السَّلَامُ) of Allah-azwj cannot be attained by the unjust’.[71]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يُحِبُّ إِفْشَاءَ السَّلَامِ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazzal, from Sa’alba Bin Maymoun, from Muhammad Bin Qays,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Loves the greeting (السَّلَامُ)’ offered openly (loudly).[72]
For detailed Ahadeeth on greetings, refer to Al Kafi V 2 – The book of social relationships Chapter 7 –
https://hubeali.com/books/English-Books/AlKafiVol2/AlKafiV2-TheBookOfSocialRelationships.pdf
VERSES 24 & 25
أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا كَلِمَةً طَيِّبَةً كَشَجَرَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ أَصْلُهَا ثَابِتٌ وَفَرْعُهَا فِي السَّمَاءِ {24}
Do you not see how Allah Strikes an example of a good word as being like a good tree, its roots are stable and its branches are in the sky [14:24]
تُؤْتِي أُكُلَهَا كُلَّ حِينٍ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهَا ۗ وَيَضْرِبُ اللَّهُ الْأَمْثَالَ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ {25}
Yielding its fruit in every season by the permission of its Lord? And Allah Strikes the examples for the people that they might be mindful [14:25]
حدثنا يعقوب بن يزيد عن الحسن بن محبوب عن الاحول عن سلام بن المستنير قال سئلت ابا جعفر عليه السلام عن قول الله تعالى كشجرة طيبة اصلها ثابت وفرعها في السماء تؤتى أكلها كل حين باذن ربها
Narrated to us Yaqoub Bin Yazeed, from Al-Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Al-Ahowl, from Salaam Bin Al-Mustaneer who said:
‘I asked Abu Ja’far-asws about the Words of Allah-saww like a good tree, its roots are stable and its branches are in the sky [14:24] Yielding its fruit in every season by the permission of its Lord? [14:25].
فقال الشجرة رسول الله نسبه ثابت في بنى هاشم وفرع الشجرة على وعنصر الشجرة فاطمة واغصانها الأئمة ورقها الشيعة وان الرجل منهم ليموت فتسقط منها ورقة وان المولد منهم ليولد فتورق ورقة
He-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww established it firmly it among the Clan of Hashim-as, and the trunk of the Tree is Ali-asws, and its component is Fatima-asws, and its branches are the Imams-asws, and its leaves are our-asws Shias, and when a man from them dies, a leaf falls from it, and when there is a birth among them a leaf forms onto it.’
قال قلت له جعلت فداك قوله تعالى تؤتى اكلها كل حين باذن ربها
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws, (what about) the Words of the Exalted: Yielding its fruit in every season by the permission of its Lord? [14:25]?’
قال هو مايخرج من الامام من الحلال والحرام في كل سنة إلى شيعته
He-asws said: ‘It is what comes out from the Imam-asws from the Permissible and the Prohibited during every year to his-asws Shias.’[73]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ سَيْفٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ حُرَيْثٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ كَشَجَرَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ أَصْلُها ثابِتٌ وَ فَرْعُها فِي السَّماءِ قَالَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) أَصْلُهَا وَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) فَرْعُهَا وَ الْأَئِمَّةُ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِمَا أَغْصَانُهَا وَ عِلْمُ الْأَئِمَّةِ ثَمَرَتُهَا وَ شِيعَتُهُمُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَرَقُهَا هَلْ فِيهَا فَضْلٌ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَا وَ اللَّهِ قَالَ وَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنَ لَيُولَدُ فَتُورَقُ وَرَقَةٌ فِيهَا وَ إِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنَ لَيَمُوتُ فَتَسْقُطُ وَرَقَةٌ مِنْهَا
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Sayf, from his father, from Amro Bin Hureys who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj: like a good tree, its roots are stable and its branches are in the sky [14:24]. So he-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww is its root and Amir Al-Momineen-asws its branches are the Imams-asws from their-asws descendants, and the knowledge of the Imams-asws is its fruits, and their-asws Shias, the Momineen are its leaves. Is there any excess in this?’ I said, ‘No, by Allah-azwj’. He-asws said: ‘The Momin is born, so a leaf sprouts in it, and if the Momin dies, so a leaf falls from it’.[74]
و عنه: عن احمد بن محمد، عن الحسين بن سعيد، عن المفضل بن صالح، عن محمد الحلبي، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام) في قول الله تبارك و تعالى: كَلِمَةً طَيِّبَةً كَشَجَرَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ أَصْلُها ثابِتٌ وَ فَرْعُها فِي السَّماءِ. قال: «النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله) و الأئمة هم الأصل الثابت، و الفرع: الولاية لمن دخل فيها
And from him, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Al Mufazzal Bin Salih, from Muhammad Al Halby,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted: like a good tree, its roots are stable and its branches are in the sky [14:24]. He-asws said: ‘The Prophet-saww and the Imams-asws, they-asws are the firm roots; and the branches – the Wilayah for the one who enters into it’.[75]
عن عبد الرحمن بن سالم الأشل، عن أبيه، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام) ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا كَلِمَةً طَيِّبَةً كَشَجَرَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ الآيتان، قال: «هذا مثل ضربه الله لأهل بيت نبيه، و لمن عاداهم هو مَثَلُ كَلِمَةٍ خَبِيثَةٍ كَشَجَرَةٍ خَبِيثَةٍ اجْتُثَّتْ مِنْ فَوْقِ الْأَرْضِ ما لَها مِنْ قَرارٍ
From Abdul Rahman Bin Saalim Al Ashal, from his father,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding: Allah Strikes an example of a good word as being like a good tree [14:24] – the two Verses, he-asws said: ‘This is an example which Allah-azwj has Struck for the People-asws of the Household of His-azwj Prophet-saww. And for their enemies it is: And an example of a wicked word is like a wicked tree uprooted from above the ground, there would be not stability for it [14:26]’.[76]
[ يحيى الشجري ] [ قال: وبالاسناد ] قال: حدثنا حصين قال: حدثنا فضيل بن الزبير، عن أبي حمزة، عن علي بن حسين * (كلمة طيبة) * قال: لا إله إلا الله
Yahya Al Shajary said, ‘And by the chain, said, ‘Haseyn, from Fazeyl Bin Al Zubeyr, from Abu Hamza,
(It has been narrated) from Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws: a good word [14:24], said: ‘There is no god except for Allah-azwj’.[77]
The apparent interpretation of the Verses
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ( عليهم السلام ) أَنَّ عَلِيّاً صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ فِي رَجُلٍ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَصُومَ زَمَاناً قَالَ الزَّمَانُ خَمْسَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَ الْحِينُ سِتَّةُ أَشْهُرٍ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ تُؤْتِي أُكُلَها كُلَّ حِينٍ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّها
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Ja’far-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws that Ali-asws said regarding a man who vowed that he would be Fasting for a time: ‘The ‘time’ is five months, and the ‘season’ is of six months because Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: Yielding its fruit in every season by the permission of its Lord [14:25]’.[78]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِلَّهِ عَلَيَّ أَنْ أَصُومَ حِيناً وَ ذَلِكَ فِي شُكْرٍ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَدْ أُتِيَ عَلِيٌّ ( عليه السلام ) فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا فَقَالَ صُمْ سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ تُؤْتِي أُكُلَها كُلَّ حِينٍ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّها يَعْنِي سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Khalid Bin Jareer, from Abu Al Rabi’e,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having been asked about a man who said, ‘By Allah-azwj! It is upon me that I Fast for a season’, and that is regarding appreciation. So Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Someone had come to Ali-asws with the like of this, so he-asws said: ‘Fast for six months, for Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: Yielding its fruit in every season by the permission of its Lord [14:25] – Meaning six months’.[79]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى رَفَعَهُ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ( عليهما السلام ) قَالَ تَقُولُ إِذَا غَرَسْتَ أَوْ زَرَعْتَ وَ مَثَلُ كَلِمَةً طَيِّبَةً كَشَجَرَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ أَصْلُها ثابِتٌ وَ فَرْعُها فِي السَّماءِ تُؤْتِي أُكُلَها كُلَّ حِينٍ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّها
Muhammad Bin Yahya, raising it,
(It has been narrated) from one of the two (5th or 6th Imam-asws) having said: ‘You should be saying, whenever you plant or sow, Do you not see how Allah Strikes an example of a good word as being like a good tree, its roots are stable and its branches are in the sky [14:24] Yielding its fruit in every season by the permission of its Lord? [14:25]’.[80]
VERSE 26
وَمَثَلُ كَلِمَةٍ خَبِيثَةٍ كَشَجَرَةٍ خَبِيثَةٍ اجْتُثَّتْ مِنْ فَوْقِ الْأَرْضِ مَا لَهَا مِنْ قَرَارٍ {26}
And an example of a wicked word is like a wicked tree uprooted from above the ground, there would be not stability for it [14:26]
The wicked word
ثم قال: و في رواية أبي الجارود، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام): «كذلك الكافرون لا تصعد اعمالهم الى السماء، و بنو امية لا يذكرون الله في مجلس و لا في مسجد، و لا تصعد اعمالهم الي السماء الا قليل منهم
Then he (Al Tabarsy) said, ‘And in a report of Abu Al Jaroud,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Like that are the Kafirs. Their deeds do not ascend to the sky. And the clan of Umayya. Allah-azwj is not (letting them) be mentioned in a gathering nor in a Masjid, nor do their deeds ascend to the sky except for a few of them’’.[81]
الطبرسي، قال: روى ابو الجارود، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام): «ان هذا مثل بني امية
Al Tabarsy said, ‘Abu Al Jaroud reported,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws: ‘This is an example of the clan of Umayya’’.[82]
VERSE 27
يُثَبِّتُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ ۖ وَيُضِلُّ اللَّهُ الظَّالِمِينَ ۚ وَيَفْعَلُ اللَّهُ مَا يَشَاءُ {27}
Allah Affirms those who believe with the Firm Word in the life of the world and in the Hereafter, and Allah Lets the unjust to go astray, and Allah does whatsoever He so Desires to [14:27]
The Firm Word
و من طريق المخالفين: ما رواه النطنزي، عن ابن عباس، في قوله: يُثَبِّتُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ، قال: بولاية علي بن أبي طالب (عليه السلام)
And from Tareeq Al Mukhalifeen, what has been reported by Al Natanzy,
(It has been narrated) from Ibn Abbas, regarding His-azwj Words: Allah Affirms those who believe with the firm Word [14:27], said, ‘By the Wilayah of Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws’.[83]
At the time of death
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ وَ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ وَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ جَمِيعاً عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ مُفَضَّلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى عَنْ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ غَفَلَةَ قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( صلوات الله عليه ) إِنَّ ابْنَ آدَمَ إِذَا كَانَ فِي آخِرِ يَوْمٍ مِنْ أَيَّامِ الدُّنْيَا وَ أَوَّلِ يَوْمٍ مِنْ أَيَّامِ الْآخِرَةِ مُثِّلَ لَهُ مَالُهُ وَ وَلَدُهُ وَ عَمَلُهُ فَيَلْتَفِتُ إِلَى مَالِهِ فَيَقُولُ وَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي كُنْتُ عَلَيْكَ حَرِيصاً شَحِيحاً فَمَا لِي عِنْدَكَ فَيَقُولُ خُذْ مِنِّي كَفَنَكَ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Amro Bin Usman, and a number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr, and Al Hassan Bin Ali, altogether from Abu Jameela Mufazzal Bin Salih, from Jabir, from Abdul A’ala and Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus, from Ibrahim, from Abdul A’ala, from Suweyd Bin Ghafala who said,
‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘The son of Adam-as, when he is in the last day from the days of the world, and the first day from the days of the Hereafter, a resemblance is made for him, of his wealth, and his children, and his deeds. So he turns towards his wealth, and he is saying, ‘By Allah-azwj! I was greedy upon you, tight-fisted, so what is for me, with you?’ So it is saying, ‘Take your shroud from me’.
قَالَ فَيَلْتَفِتُ إِلَى وَلَدِهِ فَيَقُولُ وَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي كُنْتُ لَكُمْ مُحِبّاً وَ إِنِّي كُنْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ مُحَامِياً فَمَا ذَا لِي عِنْدَكُمْ فَيَقُولُونَ نُؤَدِّيكَ إِلَى حُفْرَتِكَ نُوَارِيكَ فِيهَا
He-asws said: ‘So he turns towards his children, and he is saying, ‘By Allah-azwj! I was loving you, and I was a protector over you, so what is that which is for me, with you?’ So they are saying, ‘We shall accompany you to your pit and cast you in it’.
قَالَ فَيَلْتَفِتُ إِلَى عَمَلِهِ فَيَقُولُ وَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي كُنْتُ فِيكَ لَزَاهِداً وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ عَلَيَّ لَثَقِيلًا فَمَا ذَا عِنْدَكَ فَيَقُولُ أَنَا قَرِينُكَ فِي قَبْرِكَ وَ يَوْمِ نَشْرِكَ حَتَّى أُعْرَضَ أَنَا وَ أَنْتَ عَلَى رَبِّكَ
He-asws said: ‘So he is turning to his deeds, and he is saying, ‘I was abstaining from you and you were heavy upon me, so what is that (for me), with you?’ So these are saying, ‘We are your pair in your grave and on the Day you are Resurrected until us and you are presented to your Lord-azwj’.
قَالَ فَإِنْ كَانَ لِلَّهِ وَلِيّاً أَتَاهُ أَطْيَبُ النَّاسِ رِيحاً وَ أَحْسَنُهُمْ مَنْظَراً وَ أَحْسَنُهُمْ رِيَاشاً فَقَالَ أَبْشِرْ بِرَوْحٍ وَ رَيْحَانٍ وَ جَنَّةِ نَعِيمٍ وَ مَقْدَمُكَ خَيْرُ مَقْدَمٍ فَيَقُولُ لَهُ مَنْ أَنْتَ فَيَقُولُ أَنَا عَمَلُكَ الصَّالِحُ ارْتَحِلْ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ
He-asws said: ‘So if he was a friend of Allah-azwj, there would come to him a person with the most aromatic of fragrances, and best of the looks, and best of the feathers (wings), so he says, ‘Receive glad tidings of the cool breezes and the aromas, and the Garden of Bliss, and your future is the best of the futures’. So he is saying to him, ‘Who are you?’ So he is saying, ‘I am your righteous deeds, having migrated from the world to the Paradise’.
وَ إِنَّهُ لَيَعْرِفُ غَاسِلَهُ وَ يُنَاشِدُ حَامِلَهُ أَنْ يُعَجِّلَهُ فَإِذَا أُدْخِلَ قَبْرَهُ أَتَاهُ مَلَكَا الْقَبْرِ يَجُرَّانِ أَشْعَارَهُمَا وَ يَخُدَّانِ الْأَرْضَ بِأَقْدَامِهِمَا أَصْوَاتُهُمَا كَالرَّعْدِ الْقَاصِفِ وَ أَبْصَارُهُمَا كَالْبَرْقِ الْخَاطِفِ فَيَقُولَانِ لَهُ مَنْ رَبُّكَ وَ مَا دِينُكَ وَ مَنْ نَبِيُّكَ فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ رَبِّي وَ دِينِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ وَ نَبِيِّي مُحَمَّدٌ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَيَقُولَانِ لَهُ ثَبَّتَكَ اللَّهُ فِيمَا تُحِبُّ وَ تَرْضَى وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يُثَبِّتُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ فِي الْحَياةِ الدُّنْيا وَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ
And he recognises the one who washes him, and calls upon his bearers to hasten him. So when he enters into his grave, two Angels of the grave comes over to him, their hair flowing and piercing the ground with their feet, their voices being like the echoing thunder, and their eyes being like the rapid lightning. So they are saying to him: ‘Who is your Lord-azwj, and what is your Religion, and who is your Prophet-as?’ So he is saying, ‘Allah-azwj is my Lord-azwj, and my Religion is Islam, and my Prophet-saww is Muhammad-saww’. So they are saying to him, ‘May Allah-azwj Affirm your feet in what you love and are pleased with’, and these are the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Allah Affirms those who believe with the firm Word in the life of the world and in the Hereafter [14:27].
ثُمَّ يَفْسَحَانِ لَهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ مَدَّ بَصَرِهِ ثُمَّ يَفْتَحَانِ لَهُ بَاباً إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ ثُمَّ يَقُولَانِ لَهُ نَمْ قَرِيرَ الْعَيْنِ نَوْمَ الشَّابِّ النَّاعِمِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ أَصْحابُ الْجَنَّةِ يَوْمَئِذٍ خَيْرٌ مُسْتَقَرًّا وَ أَحْسَنُ مَقِيلًا
Then they are expanding for him in his grave to the extent of his vision. Then they are opening for him a door to the Paradise, then they are saying to him: ‘Sleep with delighted eyes, the sleep of the sleeping youth, for Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: The companions of the Paradise on that day would be in a goodly settlement and an excellent resting place [25:24]’.[84]
العياشي: عن صفوان بن مهران، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام) قال: «ان الشيطان ليأتي الرجل من أوليائنا فيأتيه عند موته، يأتيه عن يمينه و عن يساره ليصده عما هو عليه، فيأبى الله له ذلك، و كذلك قال الله: يُثَبِّتُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ فِي الْحَياةِ الدُّنْيا وَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ
Al Ayyashi, from Safwan Bin Mahran,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Surely Satan-la comes to the man from our-asws friends. So he-la comes to him during his death from his right, and from his left, to dislodge him from what he is upon. But, Allah-azwj Refuses (to Allow) him-la to do that. And thus, Allah-azwj Says: Allah Affirms those who believe with the firm Word in the life of the world and in the Hereafter [14:27]’.[85]
Questioning in the grave
حدثنا الحسين بن سعيد قال: حدثنا النضر بن سويد عن عاصم بن حميد عن أبي بصير قال: سمعت أبا عبد الله عليه السلام يقول:: إذا وضع الرجل في قبره أتاه ملكان ملك عن يمينه وملك عن شماله وأقيم الشيطان بين يديه عيناه مثل النحاس فيقال له: كيف تقول في هذا الرجل الذي كان بين (أظهركم) ظهرانيكم؟
Al Husayn Bin Saeed narrated to us saying, ‘Al Nazar Bin Suweyd narrated to us, from Aasim Bin Humeyd, from Abu Baseer who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘When a man is placed in his grave, two Angels come to him – an Angel on his right and an angel on his left, and the Satan-la stands in front of him, his-la eyes being like the brass (orange). Then it is said to him (the deceased): ‘How are you saying regarding this man (Rasool Allah-saww) who used to be before you apparently?’
قال: فيفزع له فزعة (فليفزع لذلك فزعا عظيما) فيقول إذا كان مؤمنا: (أ) عن محمد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله تسألاني؟ فيقولان له: نعم نومة لا حلم فيها ويفسح له في قبره (تسع) تسعة أذرع ثم يرى مقعده في الجنة وهو قول الله عز وجل: (يثبت الله الذين آمنوا بالقول الثابت في الحياة الدنيا وفى الآخرة)
He-asws said: ‘So there would be a panic for him (and he would panic due to that with a great panic), and he would be saying, if he were a Momin, ‘Is it about Muhammad-saww, Rasool-Allah-saww that you are asking me?’ They would both say to him: ‘Yes. (Go to) sleep, there being no dreams in it’. And it would be opened up in his grave (space of) nine by nine cubits. Then he would see his seat in the Paradise, and these are the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Allah Affirms those who believe with the firm Word in the life of the world and in the Hereafter [14:27].
فإذا( وإذا) كان كافرا يقولان له: (ما من هذا الرجل الذي خرج بين ظهرانيكم؟ فيقول: لا أدرى فيخليان بينه وبين الشيطان
So, if he were a Kafir, they both would be saying to him: ‘What (have you got) from this man (Rasool Allah-saww) who came out from between you apparently?’ He would be saying, ‘I don’t know’. So they would both be leaving him along between him and the Satan-la’.[86]
عن أبي بصير، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام): «ان الميت إذا اخرج من بيته شيعته الملائكة الى قبره يترحمون عليه، حتى إذا انتهي به الي قبره، قالت الأرض له: مرحبا بك و أهلا و سهلا، و الله لقد كنت أحب ان يمشي علي مثلك، لا جرم لترى ما اصنع بك، فيوسع له مد بصره، و يدخل عليه في قبره قعيدا القبر منكر و نكير، فيلقيان فيه الروح الي حقويه
From Abu Baseer,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When the dead body is taken out from his house, the Angels accompany him to his grave Obtaining Mercy for him, until they end up with him to his grave. The ground says to him: ‘Welcome to you, and hello. By Allah-azwj! It was always beloved to me that the likes of you would walk upon me. Undoubtedly you will see what I shall be doing with you’. So it extends itself for him for as far as the eye can see. And they enter him in his grave, and Munkar and Nakeer get seated in the grave. They cast into him the spirit into his loins.
فيقعدانه فيسألانه، فيقولان له: من ربك؟ فيقول: الله. فيقولان: و ما دينك؟ فيقول: الإسلام. فيقولان: و من نبيك؟ فيقول: محمد (صلى الله عليه و آله). فيقولان: و من امامك؟ فيقول: علي
So, they both seat themselves besides him, questioning him, saying to him: ‘Who is your Lord-azwj?’ So he would be saying, ‘Allah-azwj’. So they would both say: ‘And what is your Religion?’ So he would be saying, ‘Al-Islam’. So they would both say: ‘And who is your Prophet-saww?’ So he would be saying, ‘Muhammad-saww?’ So they would both say: ‘And who is your Imam-asws?’ So he would be saying, ‘Ali-asws’.
فينادي مناد من السماء: صدق عبدي، افرشوا له في القبر من الجنة، و البسوه من ثياب الجنة، و افتحوا له في قبره بابا الى الجنة، حتى يأتينا و ما عندنا خير له. ثم يقولان له: نم نومة العروس، نم نومة لا حلم فيها
Then a Caller would Call out from the sky: ‘My-azwj servant has spoken the truth! Spread out for him in the grave from the Paradise, and clothe him in the clothing of the Paradise, and open for him in his grave, Gates to the Paradise until he comes to Us-azwj. And what is in Our Presence with better for him’. Then they both say to him: ‘Sleep, the sleep of a bride. Sleep, the sleep in which there are no dreams’.
و ان كان كافرا، أخرجت له ملائكة يشيعونه الي قبره يلعنونه، حتى إذا انتهي الي الأرض، قالت الأرض: لا مرحبا بك و لا أهلا، اما و الله لقد كنت ابغض ان يمشي علي مثلك، لا جرم لترين ما اصنع بك اليوم، فتضايق عليه حتى تلتقي جوانحه. و يدخل عليه ملكا القبر، و هما قعيدا القبر منكر و نكير
And if he is a Kafir, the Angels come out with him accompanying him to his grave, cursing him, until they end up to the ground. The ground says, ‘Neither there is welcome for you, nor hello. But, by Allah-azwj, it was always hateful that the likes of you would walk upon me. Undoubtedly, you will see what I would be doing with you today’. So it constricts itself to him until his ribs meet each other. And two Angels enter upon on him in the grave, and they seat themselves in the grave – Munkar and Nakeer.
قال: قلت له: جعلت فداك، يدخلان علي المؤمن و الكافر في صورة واحدة؟ فقال: «لا». فيقعدانه فيقولان له: من ربك؟ فيقول: سمعت الناس يقولون، [فيقولان: لا دريت، فما دينك؟ فيقول: سمعت الناس يقولون.] و يتلجلج لسانه. فيقولان: لا دريت، فمن نبيك؟ فيقول: سمعت الناس يقولون، و يتلجلج لسانه. فيقولان: لا دريت
He (the narrator) said: ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! They both enter upon the Momin as well as the Kafir in one (and the same) image?’ So he-asws said: ‘No! They both sit him up and say to him: ‘Who is your Lord-azwj?’ So he would be saying, ‘I heard the people saying’. So they would both say, ‘You don’t know. So what is your Religion?’ He would be saying, ‘I heard the people saying’. And his tongue would hesitate. They would both say: ‘You don’t know, So who is your Prophet-saww?’ He would be saying, ‘I heard the people saying’, and his tongue would hesitate. They would both say: ‘You don’t know’.
فينادي مناد. من السماء: كذب عبدي، افرشوا له في قبره من النار، و البسوه من ثياب النار، و افتحوا له بابا الي النار، حتى يأتينا و ما له عندنا شر له
Then a Caller would Call out from the sky: ‘My-azwj servant has lied! Spread out for him in his grave, from the Fire, and clothe him in the clothing of the Fire, and open for him a Gate to the Fire, until he comes to Us-azwj, and what is for him in Our Presence is evil for him’.
– قال- ثم يضربانه بمرزبة معهما ثلاث ضربات ليس منها ضربة الا تطاير قبره نارا، و لو ضربت تلك الضربة علي جبال تهامة، لكانت رميما
He-asws said: ‘They would both strike him with a sledgehammer which would be with them both, with three strikes. There is no strike from it except that his grave would be filled with the Fire. And if that strike were to be struck upon a mountain it would crumble, as if it was decayed’.
قال ابو عبد الله (عليه السلام): «و يسلط الله عليه في قبره الحيات و العقارب تنهشه نهشا، و الشياطين تغمه غما، يسمع عذابه من خلق الله الا الجن و الإنس، و انه ليسمع خفق نعالهم، و نفض أيديهم، و هو قول الله: يُثَبِّتُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ فِي الْحَياةِ الدُّنْيا- قال- عند موته وَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ- قال- في قبره وَ يُضِلُّ اللَّهُ الظَّالِمِينَ وَ يَفْعَلُ اللَّهُ ما يَشاءُ
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘And Allah-azwj would make emerge in his grave, the snakes, and the scorpions who ravage him with a ravaging, and the devils grieve him with a grief. His Punishment would be heard by all the creatures except for the Jinn and the human beings, and they hear the beating of their shoes, and the shaking of their hands. And these are the Words of Allah-azwj: Allah Affirms those who believe with the firm Word in the life of the world and in the Hereafter [14:27], – in his grave and Allah Lets the unjust to go astray, and Allah does whatsoever He so Desires to [14:27]’.[87]
[ يحيى الشجري ] [ قال: وبالاسناد ] قال: حدثنا حصين، عن أبي حمزة، عن علي بن حسين وأبي جعفر و زيد بن علي (عليهم السلام): * (يثبت الله الذين ءامنوا بالقول الثابت) * قال: عند المسألة في القبر
Yahya Al Shajary said, ‘And by the chain, said, ‘Haseyn narrated to us, from Abu Hamza,
(It has been narrated) from Ali-asws Bin Husayn-asws and Abu Ja’far-asws, and Zayd son of Ali-asws: Allah Affirms those who believe with the firm Word [14:27], said: ‘During the questioning in the grave’.[88]
Rasool-Allah-saww at the grave of Fatima-asws Bint Asad-asws
قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَرْقِيُّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ خَلَفِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ الْأَسَدِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْعَبْدِيِّ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ عَبَايَةَ بْنِ رِبْعِيٍّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ
He said, ‘It was narrated to us by Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah Al Barqy, from his father Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Khalaf Bin Hammad Al Asady, from Abu Al Hassan Al Abdy, from Al Amsh, from Abaya Bin Rabi’e, from Abdullah Bin Abbas who said,
أَقْبَلَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ص بَاكِياً وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَ إِنَّا إِلَيْهِ راجِعُونَ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ مَهْ يَا عَلِيُّ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَاتَتْ أُمِّي فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ أَسَدٍ
‘One day Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws came crying to the Prophet-saww and he-asws was saying: ‘We are for Allah and we are returning to Him [2:156]!’. So Rasool-Allah-saww said to him-asws: ‘Muh! O Ali-asws!’ Ali-asws said: ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! My-asws mother-as Fatima Bint Asad-as passed away’.
قَالَ فَبَكَى النَّبِيُّ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَحِمَ اللَّهُ أُمَّكَ يَا عَلِيُّ أَمَا إِنَّهَا كَانَتْ لِي أُمّاً خُذْ عِمَامَتِي هَذِهِ وَ خُذْ ثَوْبِي هَذَيْنِ وَ كَفِّنْهَا فِيهِمَا وَ مُرِ النِّسَاءَ فَلْيُحْسِنَّ غُسْلَهَا وَ لَا تُخْرِجْهَا حَتَّى أَجِيءَ فَإِلَيَّ أَمْرُهَا
(Ibn Abbas) said, ‘So the Prophet-saww wept, then said: ‘May Allah-azwj have Mercy on your-asws mother-as, O Ali-asws! But, she-as was a mother-as to me-saww (as well). However, take this turban of mine-saww, and take these two clothes of mine-saww and enshroud her-as in these two and instruct the women to be excellent in washing her-as and not to bring her-as out (for Salat) until I-saww come over, for her-as matter is for me-saww (to perform)’.
قَالَ وَ أَقْبَلَ النَّبِيُّ ص بَعْدَ سَاعَةٍ وَ أُخْرِجَتْ فَاطِمَةُ أُمُّ عَلِيٍّ ع فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهَا النَّبِيُّ ص صَلَاةً لَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ قَبْلَهَا مِثْلَ تِلْكَ الصَّلَاةِ ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ عَلَيْهَا أَرْبَعِينَ تَكْبِيرَةً ثُمَّ دَخَلَ الْقَبْرَ فَتَمَدَّدَ فِيهِ فَلَمْ يُسْمَعْ لَهُ أَنِينٌ وَ لَا حَرَكَةٌ
He (the narrator) said, ‘And the Prophet-saww came after a while and brought out Fatima-as, mother-as of Ali-asws. So the Prophet-saww prayed such a Salat over her-as he-saww had not prayed upon anyone before her-as similar to that Salat. Then he-saww exclaimed Takbeer upon her-as with forty Takbeers. Then he-saww entered the grave and extended (lied down) in it, and neither a sigh nor movement was heard from him-saww.
ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا عَلِيُّ ادْخُلْ يَا حَسَنُ ادْخُلْ فَدَخَلَا الْقَبْرَ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِمَّا احْتَاجَ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ يَا عَلِيُّ اخْرُجْ يَا حَسَنُ اخْرُجْ فَخَرَجَا ثُمَّ زَحَفَ النَّبِيُّ ص حَتَّى صَارَ عِنْدَ رَأْسِهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا فَاطِمَةُ أَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ سَيِّدُ وُلْدِ آدَمَ وَ لَا فَخْرَ فَإِنْ أَتَاكِ مُنْكَرٌ وَ نَكِيرٌ فَسَأَلَاكِ مَنْ رَبُّكِ فَقُولِي اللَّهُ رَبِّي وَ مُحَمَّدٌ نَبِيِّي وَ الْإِسْلَامُ دِينِي وَ الْقُرْآنُ كِتَابِي وَ ابْنِي وَلِيِّي
Then he-saww said: ‘O Ali-asws, enter! O Hassan-asws, enter!’ So they-asws both entered the grave. So, when they-asws were free from whatever they-asws were needed for, he-saww said: ‘O Ali-asws, come out! O Hassn-asws, come out!’ So they-asws both came out. Then the Prophet-saww crawled until he-saww came to be by her-as head, then said: ‘O Fatima-as! I-saww am Muhammad-saww, chief of the children of Adam-as, and there is no pride. If Munkar and Nakeer come to you-as and they ask you-as, ‘Who is your-as Lord-azwj?’, so you-as should be saying, ‘Allah-azwj is my-as Lord-azwj, and Muhammad-saww is my-saww Prophet-saww, and Islam is my-as Religion, and the Quran is my-asBook, and my-as son-asws is my-as Guardian-asws’’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ ثَبِّتْ فَاطِمَةَ بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ وَ حَثَا عَلَيْهَا حَثَيَاتٍ ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ بِيَدِهِ الْيُمْنَى عَلَى الْيُسْرَى فَنَفَضَهُمَا ثُمَّ قَالَ وَ الَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ لَقَدْ سَمِعَتْ فَاطِمَةُ تَصْفِيقَ يَمِينِي عَلَى شِمَالِي
Then he-saww said: ‘O Allah-azwj!” Affirm Fatima-as: with the firm Word [14:27] (Al Wilayah)’. Then he-saww came out and pushed handfuls of soil upon her. Then he-saww hit his-saww right hand upon the left and shook them, then said: ‘By the One-azwj in Whose Hand is the soul of Muhammad-saww! Fatima-as has heard the hitting of my-saww right hand upon my-saww left hand’.
فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ عَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ فَقَالَ فِدَاكَ أَبِي وَ أُمِّي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَقَدْ صَلَّيْتَ عَلَيْهَا صَلَاةً لَمْ تُصَلِّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ قَبْلَهَا مِثْلَ تِلْكَ الصَّلَاةِ؟ قَالَ يَا أَبَا الْيَقْظَانِ وَ هَلْ ذَلِكَ هِيَ مِنِّي لَقَدْ كَانَ لَهَا مِنْ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَلَدٌ كَثِيرٌ وَ لَقَدْ كَانَ خَيْرُهُمْ كَثِيراً وَ خَيْرُنَا قَلِيلًا فَكَانَتْ تُشْبِعُنِي وَ تُجِيعُهُمْ وَ تَكْسُونِي وَ تُعْرِيهِمْ وَ تُدَهِّنُنِي وَ تُشَعِّثُهُمْ
Ammar Bin Yasser stood up to him-saww and he said, ‘May my father and my mother be sacrificed for you-saww, O Rasool-Allah-saww! (Why did) you-saww pray upon her-as with such a Salat you-saww did not pray upon anyone before her-as similar to that Salat?’ He-saww said: ‘O Abu Al-Yaqzan! And that is because she-as is from me-saww. It was so that she-as had a lot of children from Abu Talib-as, and it was so that their goodness was a lot and our goodness was little, so she-as used to satiate me-saww and keep them hungry, and would clothe me and keep them bare, and would oil (massage) me-saww and keep them dishevelled’.
قَالَ فَلِمَ كَبَّرْتَ عَلَيْهَا أَرْبَعِينَ تَكْبِيرَةً يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ يَا عَمَّارُ الْتَفَتُّ إِلَى يَمِينِي وَ نَظَرْتُ إِلَى أَرْبَعِينَ صَفّاً مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ فَكَبَّرْتُ لِكُلِّ صَفٍّ تَكْبِيرَةً
He said, ‘So why did you-saww exclaim forty Takbeers, O Rasool-Allah-saww?’ He-saww said: ‘Yes, O Ammar! I-saww turned to my-saww right and I-saww looked at forty rows of Angels, so I-saww exclaimed one Takbeer for each row’.
قَالَ فَتَمَدَّدْتَ فِي الْقَبْرِ وَ لَمْ يُسْمَعْ لَكَ أَنِينٌ وَ لَا حَرَكَةٌ؟ قَالَ إِنَّ النَّاسَ يُحْشَرُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عُرَاةً فَلَمْ أَزَلْ أَطْلُبُ إِلَى رَبِّي عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يَبْعَثَهَا سَتِيرَةً وَ الَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ مَا خَرَجْتُ مِنْ قَبْرِهَا حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ مِصْبَاحَيْنِ مِنْ نُورٍ عِنْدَ رَأْسِهَا وَ مِصْبَاحَيْنِ مِنْ نُورٍ عِنْدَ رِجْلَيْهَا وَ مَلَكَيْهَا الْمُوَكَّلَيْنِ بِقَبْرِهَا يَسْتَغْفِرَانِ لَهَا إِلَى أَنْ تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ
He said, ‘You lied down in the grave and neither was a sigh heard from you-saww nor a movement?’ He-saww said: ‘The people would be Resurrected bare on the Day of Judgment, so I-saww did not cease seeking to my-saww Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic that He-azwj Resurrect her veiled. By the One-azwj in Whose Hand is the soul of Muhammad-saww! I-saww did not come out from her-as grave until I-saww saw two lamps of light by her-as head, and two lamps of light by her-as feet, and her-as Angels Allocated with her-as grave would be seeking Forgiveness on behalf of her-as (Shias) until the Establishment of the Hour’’.[89]
Appendix: Interpretation of Holy Verse 14:22
القطان، عن ابن زكريا، عن ابن حبيب، عن أحمد بن يعقوب بن مطر، عن محمد بن الحسن بن عبد العزيز، عن طلحة بن يزيد، عن عبيدالله بن عبيد، عن أبي معمر السعداني، عن أمير المؤمنين عليه السلام أنه قال في جواب من ادعى التناقض بين آيات القرآن فقال: وأجد الله يقول: ” يوم يقوم الروح والملائكة صفا لا يتكلمون إلا من أذن له الرحمن وقال صوابا
Al Qataan, from Ibn Zakariyya, from Ibn Habeeb, from Ahmad Bin Yaqoub Bin Matar, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Abdul Aziz, from Talha Bin Yazeed, from Ubeydullah Bin Ubeyd, from Abu ma’mar Al Sa’dany,
‘From Amir Al-Momineen-asws having said in answer to one claimed contradiction between the Verses of the Quran, and he said: ‘And I find Allah-azwj Saying: A Day on which the Spirit and the Angels would be standing in rows, not speaking except one the Beneficent Permits for him, and speaks the correct thing [78:38]’.
وقال: واستنطقوا، فقالوا: ” والله ربنا ما كنا مشركين ” وقال: ” ويوم القيمة يكفر بعضكم ببعض ويلعن بعضكم بعضا ” وقال:” إن ذلك لحق تخاصم أهل النار ” وقال: لا تختصموا لدي وقد قدمت إليكم بالوعي
And he said, ‘They would be speaking, and they would be saying: ‘By Allah, our Lord! We were not associators’ [6:23]; and Said: Then, on the Day of Judgment, some of you would be denying others and would be cursing each other [29:25]; and Said: Indeed, that is the Truth – wrangling of the inhabitants of the Fire [38:64]: He will Say: “Do not quarrel in My Presence, and I had Sent the Threat forward to you [50:28];
وقال: ” اليوم نختم على أفواههم وتكلمنا أيديهم وتشهد أرجلهم بما كانوا يكسبون ” فمرة يخبر أنهم لا يتكلمون إلا من أذن له الرحمن وقال صوابا، ومرة يخبر أن الخلق ينطقون، ويقول عن مقالتهم: ” والله ربنا ما كنا مشركين ” ومرة يخبر أنهم يختصمون
And Said: On the Day We shall Seal upon their mouths and Cause their hands to speak to us, and their legs would testify with what they had been earning [36:65]. So, at times He-azwj Informs that they would not be speaking except the one whom the Beneficent Permits and he says the correct thing, and at times He-azwj Informs that the people would be speaking and He-azwj is Saying regarding their talk: ‘By Allah, our Lord! We were not associators’ [6:23], and at time He-azwj Informs that they would be disputing’.
فأجاب عليه السلام بأن ذلك في مواطن غير واحد من مواطن ذلك اليوم الذي كان مقداره خمسين ألف سنة، يجمع الله عزوجل الخلائق يومئذ في مواطن يتفرقون ويكلم بعضهم بعضا، ويستغفر بعضهم لبعض، اولئك الذين كان منهم الطاعة في دار الدنيا من الرؤساء والاتباع
He-asws answered: ‘That would be in more than one place. That is a Day the measurement of which would be of fifty thousand days. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic would Gather the creatures on the Day in separate places, and some of them would speak to the others, and some of them would seek Forgiveness of others. They are those from whom were acts of obedience in the house of the world, from the leaders and the followers.
ويلعن أهل المعاصي الذين بدت منهم البغضاء وتعاونوا على الظلم و العدوان في دار الدنيا
And the disobedient people would curse, those from was manifested the hatred (for each other), and they assisted each other upon the injustices and the enmity in the house of the world.
المستكبرين والمستضعفين يكفر بعضهم ببعض، ويلعن بعضهم بعضا، و الكفر في هذه الآية: البراءة، يقول: فيتبرء بعضهم من بعض، ونظيرها في سورة إبراهيم قول الشيطان: ” إني كفرت بما أشركتمون من قبل ” وقول إبراهيم خليل الرحمن: ” كفرنا بكم ” يعني تبرأنا منكم
The arrogant ones and the weak ones would deny each other, and curse each other, and the denial in this Verse is the disavowing. He-azwj is Saying that they would be disavowing each other, and its match is in Surah Ibrahim-as, the words of Satan-la: I denied what you were associating from before. [14:22], and the words of Ibrahim-as the Friend of the Beneficent: We deny you [60:4] – meaning, disavow from you.
ثم يجتمعون في مواطن آخر، فيستنطقون فيه، ويبكون فيه، فلو أن تلك الاصوات بدت لاهل الدنيا لاذهلت جميع الخلق من معائشهم، ولتصدعت قلوبهم إلا ما شاء الله، فلا يزالون يبكون الدم
Then they would be Gathered in another place, and they would be speaking in it, and they would be wailing in it. If those voices were to appear to the inhabitants of the world, these would startle the entirety of the creatures from their livelihood, and would crack their hearts, except what Allah-azwj so Desires. They will not cease to be crying blood.
ثم يجتمعون في موطن آخر فيستنطقون فيه فيقولون: ” والله ربنا ما كنا مشركين ” فيختم الله تبارك وتعالى على أفواههم، و يستنطق الايدي والارجل والجلود، فتشهد بكل معصية كانت منهم، ثم يرفع عن ألسنتهم الختم، فيقولون لجلودهم: ” لم شهدتم علينا قالوا أنطقنا الله الذي أنطق كل شئ
Then they would be gathered in another place, and they would be speaking in it and they would be saying: ‘By Allah, our Lord! We were not associators’ [6:23]. So, Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted would Seal upon their mouths, while their hands and feet and skins would be speaking and testify with every act of disobedience which had happened from them. Then the Seal would be lifted from their tongues, And they would say to their skins, ‘Why did you testify against us?’ These would say, ‘Allah Made us to speak, the One Who Makes all things to speak, [41:21].
ويجتمعون في موطن آخر فيستنطقون، فيفر بعضهم من بعض، فذلك قوله عز و جل: ” يوم يفر المرء من أخيه وامه وأبيه وصاحبته وبنيه ” فيستنطقون فلا يتكلمون إلا من أذن له الرحمن وقال صوابا، فنقوم الرسل – صلى الله عليهم – فيشهدون في هذا الموطن، فذلك قوله تعالى: ” فكيف إذا جئنا من كل امة بشهيد وجئنا بك على هؤلاء شهيدا
And they would be gathering in another place and they would be speaking, so some of them would flee from the others, and these are the Words of the Mighty and Majestic: (It would be) a Day the person will flee from his own brother [80:34] And his mother, and his father [80:35] And his spouse and his son [80:36]. They would be speaking, but they would not speak except one the Beneficent Permits for him, and speaks the correct thing [78:38]. We-asws would make the Rasools-as to stand, and they-as would be testifying in this place, and these are the Words of the Exalted: So how will it be, when We Come with a witness from every community, and We Come with you as a witness upon them? [4:41].
ثم يجتمعون في موطن آخر يكون فيه مقام محمد صلى الله عليه وآله وهو المقام المحمود، فيثني على الله تبارك وتعالى بما لم يثن عليه أحد قبله، ثم يثني على الملائكه كلهم، فلا يبقى ملك إلا أثنى عليه محمد صلى الله عليه وآله
Then they would be gathering in another place wherein would happen to be the place of Muhammad-saww, and it is the Place of the Most Praise One (Maqaam Al-Mahmoud), he-saww would extol upon Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted with no one had ever extolled upon Him-azwj, before him-saww. Then he-saww would extol upon His-azwj Angels, all of them, so there will not remain any Angel except Muhammad-saww would extol upon him.
ثم يثني على الرسل بما لم يثن عليهم أحد مثله، ثم يثني على كل مؤمن ومؤمنة، يبدأ بالصديقين والشهداء ثم بالصالحين، فيحمده أهل السماوات وأهل الارض، وذلك قوله عزوجل: ” عسى أن يبعثك ربك مقاما محمودا ” فطوبى لمن كان له في ذلك المقام حظ ونصيب، وويل لمن لم يكن له في ذلك المقام حظ ولا نصيب
Then he-saww would extol upon the Rasools-as with what no one had extolled upon them-as like it. Then he-saww would extol upon every Momin and Momina, beginning with the Truthful, and the martyrs, then with the righteous. So, inhabitants of the skies and the inhabitants of the earth would praise him-saww, and these are the Words of the Mighty and Majestic: perhaps your Lord will Raise you to a Praiseworthy position [17:79]. Therefore, beatitude be to the one who has a portion for him in that place and a share, and woe be unto the one who neither has a portion for him in that place nor a share.
ثم يجتمعون في موطن آخر فيدان بعضهم من بعض، وهذا كله قبل الحساب، فإذا اخذا في الحساب شغل كل إنسان بما لديه، نسأل الله بركة ذلك اليوم
Then they would be gathering in another place and they would condemn each other, and all this would be before the Reckoning. So, when they are seized regarding the Reckoning, every human being would be busy with what is in front of him. We ask Allah-azwj of the Blessings of that Day’.
قال: فرجت عني فرج الله عنك يا أمير المؤمنين
He said, ‘You-asws have relieved me, may Allah-azwj Relieve you-asws!’’.
وساق الحديث إلى أن قال: فأما قوله: ” وجوه يومئذ ناضرة إلى ربها ناظرة ” وقوله: ” لا تدركه الابصار وهو يدرك الابصار ” فإن ذلك في موضع ينتهي فيه أولياء الله عزوجل بعد ما يفرغ من الحساب إلى نهر يسمى الحيوان فيغتسلون فيه ويشربون منه، فتنضر وجوههم إشراقا، فيذهب عنهم كل قذى ووعث، ثم يؤمرون بدخول الجنة
And he drove the Hadeeth, up to he-asws said: ‘As for His-azwj Words: (Some) faces on that Day would be radiant [75:22] Looking at their Lord [75:23], and His-azwj Words: Visions cannot comprehend Him, and He Comprehends the visions; and He is the Knower of the subtleties, the Aware [6:103], so that would in a place wherein would end up the friends of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic after being free from the Reckoning, to a river names as Al-Haywaan. They would be washing in it and drinking from it, and you will see their faces as bright, and every mote and speck would be removed from the, and they would be Commanded with entering the Paradise.
فمن هذا المقام ينظرون إلى ربهم كيف يثيبهم، ومنه يدخلون الجنة، فذلك قول الله عزوجل في تسليم الملائكة عليهم: ” سلام عليكم طبتم فادخلوها خالدين ” فعند ذلك أيقنوا بدخول الجنة، والنظر إلى ما وعدهم ربهم، فذلك قوله: ” إلى ربها ناظرة ” وإنما يعني بالنظر إليه النظر إلى ثوابه تبارك وتعالى
From this place, they would be looking at how their Lord-azwj has Rewarded them, and from it they would be entering the Paradise, and these are the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic regarding the greetings of the Angels: ‘Peace be upon you! You are good, therefore enter it to abide eternally [39:73]. During that, they would be certain with the entry into the Paradise, and the looking at what their Lord-azwj has Promised them. These are His-azwj Words: Looking at their Lord [75:23], and rather, it means by the looking, the looking at the Rewards of the Blessed and Exalted.
وأما قوله: ” لا تدركه الابصار و هو يدرك الابصار ” فهو كما قال لا تدركه الابصار ولا تحيط به الاوهام، وهو يدرك الابصار يعني يحيط بها
And as for His-azwj Words: ‘Visions cannot comprehend Him, and He Comprehends the visions [6:103], so it is just as He-azwj Said, neither can the visions realise Him-azwj, nor can the imaginations encompass Him-azwj, while He-azwj Realises the sights, meaning Encompasses with these’’. [90]
[1] تفسير القمي، ج1، ص: 367
[2] بحار الأنوار (ط – بيروت)، ج9، ص: 217
[3] Bihar Al Anwaar – V 51, The book of History – Imam Al Mahdi-ajfj, Ch 5 H 23
[4] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 46, The book of History – Muhammad Al Baqir-asws, Ch 4 H 8
[5] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 46, The book of History – Muhammad Al Baqir-asws, Ch 4 H 8
[6] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 9, The book of Argumentation, Ch 1 H 97
[7] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 46, The book of History – Muhammad Al Baqir-asws, Ch 5 H 65 b
[8] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 24, The book of Imamate, P 1 Ch 44 H 9
[9] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 9, The book of Argumentation, Ch 1 H 98
[10] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 36, The book of History – Amir Al-Momineen-asws, Ch 47 H 2
[11] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 36, The book of History – Amir Al-Momineen-asws, Ch 39 H 102
[12] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 24, The book of Imamate, P 1 Ch 29 H 4
[13] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 9, The book of Argumentation, Ch 1 H 99
[14] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 36, The book of History – Amir Al-Momineen-asws, Ch 39 H 101
[15] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 24, The book of Imamate, P 1 Ch 46 H 7
[16] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 36, The book of History – Amir Al-Momineen-asws, Ch 41 H 65
[17] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 46, The book of History – Muhammad Al Baqir-asws, Ch 8 H 25
[18] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 46, The book of History – Muhammad Al Baqir-asws, Ch 9 H 2
[19] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 36, The book of History – Amir Al-Momineen-asws, Ch 27 H 6
[20] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 6, The book of Justice, S 3, Ch 5 H 5
[21] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 8, The book of Justice, S 3, Ch 24 H 23
[22] – ثواب الأعمال: 107.
[23] (خواص القرآن)
[24] خواص القرآن: 43 (مخطوط)
[25] معاني الأخبار: 22/ 1.
[26] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 138/ 461. (Extract)
[27] Tafseer Noor Al Saqalayn – V 1 P 579 H 698
[28] Tafseer Noor Al Saqalayn – CH 1 – H 104
[29] ( 2) الخصال 1/ 277، ح 20.
[30] تفسير الحبري: 276/ 36 عن زاذان نحوه»، و في مستدرك تفسير الحبري: 340/ 79 بروآية فرات في تفسيره ص 69 عن الحبري بالإسناد عن عباد بن عبد الله الأسدي.
[31] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Divine Authority CH 7 H
[32] تفسير نور الثقلين، ج2، ص: 526 H 3
[33] تفسير نور الثقلين، ج2، ص: 526 H 5
[34] تفسير القمّي 2: 266 (Extract)
[35] علل الشرائع: 126/ 8
[36] تفسير القمّي 2: 124.
[37] تفسير الصافي، ج3، ص: 5
[38] التوحيد: 241/ 1 (Extract)
[39] الخصال: 108/ 75، ينابيع المودة: 424.
[40] تفسير العيّاشي 2: 222/ 2
[41] الأمالي 2: 105
[42] مجمع البيان 6: 467
[43] Tafseer Imam Hassan Al Askariasws – S 120
[44] الكافي 2: 78/ 8
[45] Al Kafi – H 14993
[46] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 33 H 6
[47] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 48 H 8eHe (s.w
[48] الأمالي 2: 114.
[49] تفسير العيّاشي 2: 222/ 5.
[50] الكافي 2: 78/ 10
[51] الكافي 2: 79/ 18.
[52] الكافي 2: 287/ 1
[53] Tafseer Imam Hassan Al Askariasws – S 314
[54] من لا يحضره الفقيه 3: 160/ 703
[55] تفسير القمّي 1: 368.
[56] تحف العقول: 273
[57] تفسير نور الثقلين، ج2، ص: 531 H 35
[58] الكافي 8: 57/ 18 H 14466
[59] تفسير القمّي 1: 368.
[60] تفسير الصافي، ج3، ص: 83
[61] مجمع البيان 6: 474.
[62] تفسير العيّاشي 2: 223/ 7.
[63] Al Mahaasin – V 1 Bk 3 H 48
[64] تفسير القمي، ج1، ص: 369
[65] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Divine Authority CH 7 H 8
[66] تفسير نور الثقلين، ج2، ص: 533
[67] تفسير العيّاشي 2: 223/ 8
[68] تفسير العيّاشي 2: 223/ 9.
[69] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 166 H 1
[70] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Social Relationships CH 7 H 3
[71] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Social Relationships CH 7 H 4
[72] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Social Relationships CH 7 H 5
[73] Basaair Al Darajaat – P 2 Ch 2 H 2
[74] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Divine Authority CH 108 H 80
[75] بصائر الدرجات: 80/ 1
[76] تفسير العيّاشي 2: 225/ 15
[77] Tafseer Abu Hamza Al Sumaly – H 165
[78] Al Kafi – V 4 – The Book of Fasts Ch 58 H 5
[79] Al Kafi – V 4 – The Book of Fasts Ch 58 H 6
[80] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 125 H 6
[81] تفسير القمّي 1: 369.
[82] مجمع البيان 6: 481
[83] شواهد التنزيل 1: 314/ 434
[84] Al Kafi V 3 – The Book Of Funerals CH 85 H 1 (Extract)
[85] تفسير العيّاشي 2: 225/ 16.
[86] Kitab Al Zohad – Ch 16 H 231
[87] تفسير العيّاشي 2: 225/ 18
[88] Tafseer Abu Hamza Al Sumaly – H 167
[89] Bashaarat Al Mustafasaww Li Shia Al Murtazaasws – P 8 H 8
[90] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 6, The book of Justice, S 3, Ch 5 H 55