CHAPTER 2

AL-BAQARAH

(The Cow)

(286 VERSES)

PART TWO – VERSES 25 – 44

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

VERSE 25

وَبَشِّرِ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ ۖ كُلَّمَا رُزِقُوا مِنْهَا مِنْ ثَمَرَةٍ رِزْقًا ۙ قَالُوا هَٰذَا الَّذِي رُزِقْنَا مِنْ قَبْلُ ۖ وَأُتُوا بِهِ مُتَشَابِهًا ۖ وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا أَزْوَاجٌ مُطَهَّرَةٌ ۖ وَهُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ {25}

And give glad tidings to those who believe and are doing righteous deeds, that for them are Gardens beneath which rivers flow; whenever they would be Graced from it, from its fruits as a sustenance, they shall say: This is which was Graced to us from before; and they shall be Given it, a resemblance, and for them therein would be pure wives, and they would be immortal in it. [2:25]

ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَ بَشِّرِ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِاللَّهِ- وَ صَدَّقُوكَ فِي نُبُوَّتِكَ، فَاتَّخَذُوكَ نَبِيّاً وَ صَدَّقُوكَ فِي أَقْوَالِكَ وَ صَوَّبُوكَ فِي أَفْعَالِكَ، وَ اتَّخَذُوا أَخَاكَ عَلِيّاً بَعْدَكَ إِمَاماً وَ لَكَ وَصِيّاً مَرْضِيّاً، وَ انْقَادُوا لِمَا يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِهِ وَ صَارُوا إِلَى مَا أَصَارَهُمْ إِلَيْهِ، وَ رَأَوْا لَهُ مَا يَرَوْنَ لَكَ إِلَّا النُّبُوَّةَ الَّتِي أَفْرَدْتَ بِهَا.

(Imam Hassan Al-Askari^-asws said): ‘Then the Exalted Says: And give glad tidings to those who believe [2:25] in Allah^-azwj and are ratifying you^-saww with regards to your^-saww Prophet-hood, so they are taking you^-saww as a Prophet^-saww and are ratifying you^-saww regarding your^-saww words, and you^-saww as being correct in your^-saww deeds, and are taking your^-saww brother Ali^-asws after you^-saww as an Imam^-asws and as a successor^-asws for you^-saww – with satisfaction, and (they) are (guided) when he^-asws instructs them towards it (Paradise), and they come to whatever he^-asws takes them to, and they see for him^-asws what they are seeing for you^-saww except for the Prophet-hood which you^-saww are singled out with.

وَ أَنَّ الْجِنَانَ لَا تَصِيرُ لَهُمْ إِلَّا بِمُوَالاتِهِ- وَ مُوَالاةِ مَنْ يُنَصُّ لَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ وَ مُوَالاةِ سَائِرِ أَهْلِ وَلَايَتِهِ، وَ مُعَادَاةِ أَهْلِ مُخَالَفَتِهِ وَ عَدَاوَتِهِ. وَ أَنَّ النِّيرَانَ لَا تَهْدَأُ عَنْهُمْ، وَ لَا تَعْدِلُ بِهِمْ عَنْ عَذَابِهَا- إِلَّا بِتَنَكُّبِهِمْ‏ عَنْ مُوَالاةِ مُخَالِفِيهِمْ، وَ مُؤَازَرَةِ شَانِئِيهِمْ.

And that the Gardens would not come to be for them except by their befriending him^-asws and befriending the ones from whom there is a link to him^-asws from his^-asws descendants (the Divine Imams^-asws), and befriending the rest of the people of his^-asws Wilayah, and being inimical to the people who oppose him^-asws and his^-asws enemies.

وَ عَمِلُوا الصَّالِحاتِ‏ مِنْ أَدَاءِ الْفَرَائِضِ وَ اجْتِنَابِ الْمَحَارِمِ، وَ لَمْ يَكُونُوا كَهَؤُلَاءِ الْكَافِرِينَ بِكَ بَشِّرْهُمْ‏ أَنَّ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ‏ بَسَاتِينَ‏ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهارُ مِنْ تَحْتِ أَشْجَارِهَا وَ مَسَاكِنِهَا

And are doing righteous deeds – the ones who are performing the Obligatory acts and are keeping aside from the Prohibitions, and are not becoming like those who are disbelieving in you^-saww. So give them glad tidings that for them are Gardens – orchards beneath which rivers flow – from below its trees and its dwellings.

كُلَّما رُزِقُوا مِنْها مِنْ تِلْكَ الْجِنَانِ‏ مِنْ ثَمَرَةٍ مِنْ ثِمَارِهَا رِزْقاً وَ طَعَاماً يُؤْتَوْنَ بِهِ‏ قالُوا هذَا الَّذِي رُزِقْنا مِنْ قَبْلُ‏ فِي الدُّنْيَا فَأَسْمَاؤُهُ كَأَسْمَاءِ مَا فِي الدُّنْيَا- مِنْ تُفَّاحٍ وَ سَفَرْجَلٍ وَ رُمَّانٍ [وَ] كَذَا وَ كَذَا.

whenever they would be Graced from it, from these Gardens from its fruits as a sustenance and meals they (servants) would be coming with, they shall say: This is which was Graced to us from before in the world as their names would be like their names were in the world, from apple and quince and pomegranate, etc.

وَ إِنْ كَانَ مَا هُنَاكَ مُخَالِفاً لِمَا فِي الدُّنْيَا- فَإِنَّهُ فِي غَايَةِ الطِّيبِ، وَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَسْتَحِيلُ إِلَى مَا تَسْتَحِيلُ إِلَيْهِ ثِمَارُ الدُّنْيَا مِنْ عَذِرَةٍ- وَ سَائِرِ الْمَكْرُوهَاتِ مِنْ صَفْرَاءَ وَ سَوْدَاءَ وَ دَمٍ [وَ بَلْغَمٍ‏] بَلْ لَا يَتَوَلَّدُ مِنْ مَأْكُولِهِمْ إِلَّا الْعَرَقُ- الَّذِي يَجْرِي مِنْ أَعْرَاضِهِمْ أَطْيَبَ مِنْ رَائِحَةِ الْمِسْكِ.

And whatever over there which would be different to what was in the world, so it would be at the peak of goodness, and it would not be possible for (people) to become what the fruits of the world become, from excrement and the rest of the abhorrence from the yellowness, and the blackness, and blood, and phlegm. But, their foods would not produce except for the sweat which would flow from their skins as being more aromatic then the smell of musk.

وَ أُتُوا بِهِ‏ بِذَلِكَ الرِّزْقِ- مِنَ الثِّمَارِ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْبَسَاتِينِ‏ مُتَشابِهاً يُشْبِهُ بَعْضُهُ بَعْضاً- بِأَنَّهَا كُلَّهَا خِيَارٌ لَا رَذْلَ‏ فِيهَا [وَ] بِأَنَّ كُلَّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا فِي غَايَةِ الطِّيبِ وَ اللَّذَّةِ لَيْسَ كَثِمَارِ الدُّنْيَا [الَّتِي‏] بَعْضُهَا نِيٌّ، وَ بَعْضُهَا مُتَجَاوِزٌ لِحَدِّ النَّضْجِ- وَ الْإِدْرَاكِ إِلَى حَدِّ الْفَسَادِ مِنْ حُمُوضَةٍ وَ مَرَارَةٍ- وَ سَائِرِ ضُرُوبِ الْمَكَارِهِ، وَ مُتَشَابِهاً أَيْضاً مُتَّفِقَاتِ الْأَلْوَانِ مُخْتَلِفَاتِ الطُّعُومِ.

And they shall be Given it –that sustenance from the fruits from those orchards being a resemblance, resembling each other, that all of it would be the best, there being nothing despicable therein, and that every variety from it would be at the peak of the goodness and taste, not like the fruits of the world which some of it are un-ripened, and some of it exceed the limit of maturity and reach to a limit of the spoiling from the acidity and the bitterness, and the rest of the forms of abhorrence; and resembling it as well as different colours of the produce (and) of the tastes.

وَ لَهُمْ فِيها فِي تِلْكَ الْجِنَانِ‏ أَزْواجٌ مُطَهَّرَةٌ مِنْ أَنْوَاعِ الْأَقْذَارِ وَ الْمَكَارِهِ مُطَهَّرَاتٍ مِنَ الْحَيْضِ وَ النِّفَاسِ، لَا وَلَّاجَاتٍ وَ لَا (خَرَّاجَاتٍ وَ لَا دَخَّالاتٍ- وَ لَا خَتَّالاتٍ وَ لَا مُتَغَايِرَاتٍ) وَ لَا لِأَزْوَاجِهِنَّ فَرِكَاتٌ‏ وَ لَا صَخَّابَاتٍ‏ وَ لَا عَيَّابَاتٌ‏ وَ لَا فَحَّاشَاتٍ‏ وَ مِنْ كُلِّ الْعُيُوبِ وَ الْمَكَارِهِ بَرِيَّاتٍ.

And for them therein – in those Gardens – would be pure wives – (pure) from the types of uncleanness and abhorrence, clean from the menstruation and the post childbirth discharges. No, neither any defect, nor secretion, nor infusion, nor mingling, nor changes, nor would there be for their wives, to be roaming around, nor opposing their husbands, nor shameful activities, nor immoralities, and they would be free from every fault and abhorrence.

وَ هُمْ فِيها خالِدُونَ‏ مُقِيمُونَ فِي تِلْكَ الْبَسَاتِينِ وَ الْجَنَّاتِ‏.

And they would be immortal in it – staying in those orchards and the Gardens’.[1]

 

العياشي: عن أبي بصير، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قول الله: فِيها وَ أَزْواجٌ مُطَهَّرَةٌ. قال: «لا يحضن و لا يحدثن».

Al Ayashi, from Abu Baseer,

(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah^-asws regarding the Words of Allah^-azwj  and for them therein would be pure wives [2:25]. He^-asws said: ‘Neither menstruating nor defecating’.[2]

 

VERSE 26

إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَسْتَحْيِي أَنْ يَضْرِبَ مَثَلًا مَا بَعُوضَةً فَمَا فَوْقَهَا ۚ فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا فَيَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ ۖ وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَيَقُولُونَ مَاذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ بِهَٰذَا مَثَلًا ۘ يُضِلُّ بِهِ كَثِيرًا وَيَهْدِي بِهِ كَثِيرًا ۚ وَمَا يُضِلُّ بِهِ إِلَّا الْفَاسِقِينَ {26}

Surely Allah has no Reservations from Striking an example – (that of) a mosquito or what is above it; then as for those who believe, they are knowing that it is the Truth from their Lord, and as for those who disbelieve, they are saying: What is it that Allah which Means by this example: He is Straying many by it and Guiding many by it! And He does not Let Stray by it (any) except the transgressors [2:26]

[قَالَ الْإِمَامُ‏] ع: قَالَ الْبَاقِرُ ع‏ فَلَمَّا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: يا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ ضُرِبَ مَثَلٌ‏ وَ ذَكَرَ الذُّبَابَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ لَنْ يَخْلُقُوا ذُباباً الْآيَةَ وَ لَمَّا قَالَ‏ مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَوْلِياءَ- كَمَثَلِ الْعَنْكَبُوتِ اتَّخَذَتْ بَيْتاً- وَ إِنَّ أَوْهَنَ الْبُيُوتِ لَبَيْتُ الْعَنْكَبُوتِ لَوْ كانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ

The Imam (Hassan Al-Askari^-asws) said: ‘Al-Baqir^-asws said: ‘When Allah^-azwj the Exalted Said: O you people! An example is Struck, and Mentioned the fly in His^-azwj Words surely those whom you call upon besides Allah will never be (able to) create a fly [22:73] – the Verse. And when He^-azwj Said: The example of those who take guardians besides Allah is as the example of the spider taking a house; and the frailest of the houses is a house of the spider, if only they knew [29:41].

وَ ضَرَبَ الْمَثَلَ فِي هَذِهِ السُّورَةِ بِالَّذِي اسْتَوْقَدَ نَاراً، وَ بِالصَّيِّبِ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ. قَالَتِ الْكُفَّارُ وَ النَّوَاصِبُ: وَ مَا هَذَا مِنَ الْأَمْثَالِ فَيُضْرَبَ! يُرِيدُونَ بِهِ الطَّعْنَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص.

And He^-azwj Struck two Examples in this Chapter by those who kindled a fire [2:17]  and rainstorm from the sky [2:19], the unbelievers and the Nasibis (Hostile to Friends of Allah^-azwj) said: ‘So what are these examples He^-azwj is Striking?’. They intended this to be a snide (hurtful) upon Rasool-Allah^-saww.

فَقَالَ اللَّهُ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَسْتَحْيِي‏ لَا يَتْرُكُ حَيَاءً أَنْ يَضْرِبَ مَثَلًا لِلْحَقِّ وَ يُوضِحَهُ بِهِ عِنْدَ عِبَادِهِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ‏ ما بَعُوضَةً [أَيْ‏] مَا هُوَ بَعُوضَةُ الْمَثَلِ‏ فَما فَوْقَها فَوْقَ الْبَعُوضَةِ وَ هُوَ الذُّبَابُ، يَضْرِبُ‏ بِهِ الْمَثَلَ إِذَا عَلِمَ أَنَّ فِيهِ صَلَاحَ عِبَادِهِ وَ نَفْعَهُمْ.

Allah^-azwj Said: ‘O Muhammad^-saww! Surely Allah has no Reservations [2:26] – He^-saww does not avoid embarrassment from Striking an example so the Truth may be manifested to the Momineen servants (that of) a mosquito i.e., be it an example of a mosquito or what is above it or something bigger and that is of a fly. He^-azwj Strikes an example when He^-azwj Knows that in it is correction of His^-azwj servants and their benefit.

«فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا» بِاللَّهِ- وَ بِوَلَايَةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ آلِهِمَا الطَّيِّبِينَ، وَ سَلَّمَ‏ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ لِلْأَئِمَّةِ ع أَحْكَامِهِمْ- وَ أَخْبَارِهِمْ وَ أَحْوَالِهِمْ [وَ] لَمْ يُقَابِلْهُمْ فِي أُمُورِهِمْ، وَ لَمْ يَتَعَاطَ الدُّخُولَ فِي أَسْرَارِهِمْ، وَ لَمْ يُفْشِ شَيْئاً مِمَّا يَقِفُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْهَا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِمْ‏ فَيَعْلَمُونَ‏ يَعْلَمُ هَؤُلَاءِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ- الَّذِينَ هَذِهِ صِفَتُهُمْ‏ أَنَّهُ‏ الْمَثَلُ الْمَضْرُوبُ‏ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ‏ أَرَادَ بِهِ الْحَقَّ وَ إِبَانَتَهُ، وَ الْكَشْفَ عَنْهُ وَ إِيضَاحَهُ.

Then as for those who believe in Allah^-azwj and the Wilayah of Muhammad^-saww and Ali^-asws and their^-asws goodly Progeny^-asws, and submit to Rasool-Allah^-saww and to the Imams^-asws, to their^-asws orders and their^-asws Ahadeeth and their^-asws situations and do not confront them^-asws in their^-asws affairs and do not interfere in their^-asws secrets and do not disclose anything given to them in trust from them^-asws without their^-asws permission. They know those Momineen of these characteristics, that it – the example being struck is the Truth from their Lord intended to manifest the Truth and explain it, and the uncovering from it and its clarification.

«وَ أَمَّا الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا» بِمُحَمَّدٍ ص بِمُعَارَضَتِهِمْ [لَهُ‏] فِي عَلِيٍّ بِلِمَ وَ كَيْفَ وَ تَرْكِهِمُ الِانْقِيَادَ لَهُ فِي سَائِرِ مَا أَمَرَ بِهِ‏ فَيَقُولُونَ ما ذا أَرادَ اللَّهُ بِهذا مَثَلًا- يُضِلُّ بِهِ كَثِيراً وَ يَهْدِي بِهِ كَثِيراً يَقُولُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا: إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُضِلُّ بِهَذَا الْمَثَلِ كَثِيراً وَ يَهْدِي بِهِ كَثِيراً [أَيْ‏] فَلَا مَعْنَى لِلْمَثَلِ، لِأَنَّهُ وَ إِنْ نَفَعَ بِهِ مَنْ يَهْدِيهِ‏ فَهُوَ يَضُرُّ بِهِ مَنْ يَضِلُّ [يُضِلُّهُ‏] بِهِ.

And as for those who disbelieve in Muhammad^-saww by their objections to him^-saww regarding Ali^-asws, (by questioning) ‘Why?’ and ‘How?’ and yielding to him^-saww in the rest of what he^-saww ordered with, they are saying: What is it that Allah which Means by this example: He is Straying many by it and Guiding many by it! Those who disbelieved said: ‘Allah^-azwj Strays many with these examples and Guides many by it – i.e., – So what is the meaning of these examples, for if He^-azwj Profits many by Guiding them then many also incur losses due to Him^-azwj Causing them to go astray by it (as they deny the Clear Proofs due to their Kufr- disbelief).’

فَرَدَّ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِمْ قِيلَهُمْ، فَقَالَ‏ وَ ما يُضِلُّ بِهِ‏ يَعْنِي مَا يُضِلُّ اللَّهُ بِالْمَثَلِ‏ إِلَّا الْفاسِقِينَ‏ الْجَانِينَ‏ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ بِتَرْكِ تَأَمُّلِهِ، وَ بِوَضْعِهِ‏ عَلَى خِلَافِ مَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِوَضْعِهِ عَلَيْهِ‏.

So Allah^-azwj Refuted upon them by Saying to them: And He does not Let Stray by it (any) – Meaning Allah^-azwj does not let Stray with the examples except the transgressors. The two offences upon themselves – by neglecting the contemplation of it, and placing it upon opposite to what Allah^-azwj Commanded with placing it upon.[3]

[ وبالسند المتقدم عن الباقر عليه السلام ] وأما قوله: (يضل به… الفاسقين) قال: فهو علي (عليه السلام) يضل الله به من عاداه ويهدي من والاه، قال: (وما يضل به) يعني عليا (إلا الفاسقين) [ أ، ر: يعني من خرج من ولايته فهو فاسق ].

And by the previous chain from Al-Baqir^-asws, and as for His^-azwj Words And He does not Let Stray by it (any) except for the transgressors said: ‘This is Ali^-asws that Allah^-azwj Lets his^-asws enemies to go astray by and his^-asws friends to be Guided. He^-azwj Says And He does not Let Stray by it (any) (meaning by) Ali^-asws except for the transgressors, (meaning the one who exits from his^-asws Wilayah, so he is a transgressor)’.[4]

علي بن إبراهيم، قال: قال الصادق (عليه السلام): «إن هذا القول من الله عز و جل رد على من زعم أن الله تبارك و تعالى يضل العباد ثم يعذبهم على ضلالتهم، فقال الله عز و جل: إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَسْتَحْيِي أَنْ يَضْرِبَ مَثَلًا ما بَعُوضَةً فَما فَوْقَها».

Ali Bin Ibrahim said,

‘Al-Sadiq^-asws said: ‘These Words from Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic are a refutation against the one who claims that Allah^-azwj Blessed and High Causes the servants to stray and them Punishes them for their straying. So Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: Surely Allah has no Reservations from Striking an example – (that of) a mosquito or what is above it [2:26]’.[5]

 

VERSE 27

الَّذِينَ يَنْقُضُونَ عَهْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مِيثَاقِهِ وَيَقْطَعُونَ مَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ أَنْ يُوصَلَ وَيُفْسِدُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ {27}

Those who are breaking the Pact of Allah from after Covenanting it and are cutting asunder what Allah has Commanded to be joined, and are making mischief in the land; those are the losers [2:27]

ثُمَّ وَصَفَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْفَاسِقِينَ- الْخَارِجِينَ عَنْ دِينِ اللَّهِ وَ طَاعَتِهِ مِنْهُمْ، فَقَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: الَّذِينَ يَنْقُضُونَ عَهْدَ اللَّهِ‏ الْمَأْخُوذَ عَلَيْهِمْ لِلَّهِ بِالرُّبُوبِيَّةِ، وَ لِمُحَمَّدٍ ص بِالنُّبُوَّةِ، وَ لِعَلِيٍّ بِالْإِمَامَةِ، وَ لِشِيعَتِهِمَا بِالْمَحَبَّةِ وَ الْكَرَامَةِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مِيثاقِهِ‏ إِحْكَامِهِ‏ وَ تَغْلِيظِهِ.

(Imam Hassan Al-Askari^-asws said): ‘Then He^-azwj Described the characteristics of these transgressors who exited from the Religion of Allah^-azwj and His^-azwj obedience from them, the Mighty and Majestic Says: Those who are breaking the Pact of Allah [2:27] – the one Allah^-azwj Took upon them with the Lordship, and for Muhammad^-saww of the Prophet-hood and for Ali^-asws of the Imamate, and for their Shias’ love and prestige after Covenanting it – after respecting it (without doubt) and strictly obeying it.

وَ يَقْطَعُونَ ما أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ أَنْ يُوصَلَ‏ مِنَ الْأَرْحَامِ وَ الْقَرَابَاتِ أَنْ يَتَعَاهَدُوهُمْ وَ يَقْضُوا حُقُوقَهُمْ. وَ أَفْضَلُ رَحِمٍ، وَ أَوْجَبُهُ حَقّاً رَحِمُ مُحَمَّدٍ ص فَإِنَّ حَقَّهُمْ بِمُحَمَّدٍ ص كَمَا أَنَّ حَقَّ قَرَابَاتِ الْإِنْسَانِ بِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ، وَ مُحَمَّدٌ ص أَعْظَمُ حَقّاً مِنْ أَبَوَيْهِ، وَ كَذَلِكَ حَقُّ رَحِمِهِ أَعْظَمُ، وَ قَطِيعَتُهُ [أَقْطَعُ‏] وَ أَفْضَعُ وَ أَفْضَحُ.

And are cutting asunder what Allah has Commanded to be joined – from the womb relationships and the relatives that they should be compacting and fulfilling their rights. And the most superior of the relationships and the most Obligatory right is the relationship with Muhammad^-saww, for their rights with Muhammad^-saww are just as the rights of the relatives of the person with his father and his mother, but Muhammad^-saww is of greater rights than his parents. And similar to that the rights of his^-saww relatives are greater (than the rights of a Believer’s own family), and it’s cutting off is more severe, and more outrageous and more flagrant.

وَ يُفْسِدُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ‏ بِالْبَرَاءَةِ مِمَّنْ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ إِمَامَتَهُ، وَ اعْتِقَادِ إِمَامَةِ مَنْ قَدْ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ مُخَالَفَتَهُ‏ أُولئِكَ‏ أَهْلُ هَذِهِ الصِّفَةِ هُمُ الْخاسِرُونَ‏ خَسِرُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ لِمَا صَارُوا إِلَى النِّيرَانِ، وَ حُرِمُوا الْجِنَانَ، فَيَا لَهَا مِنْ خَسَارَةٍ أَلْزَمَتْهُمْ عَذَابَ الْأَبَدِ، وَ حَرَمَتْهُمْ نَعِيمَ الْأَبَدِ.

And are making mischief in the land – By disavowing from the ones whose Imamate Allah^-azwj has Obligated, and believing in the Imamate of the ones Allah^-azwj has Necessitated opposition to, these it is – the people of these descriptions they are the losers. They would be incurring loss themselves when they go into the Fires, and are deprived the Gardens. So what a loss it would be when the eternal Punishment is necessitated upon them, and their being deprived of the eternal Bliss.[6]

و عنه: عن عدة من أصحابنا، عن سهل بن زياد، عن عمرو بن عثمان، عن محمد بن عذافر، عن بعض أصحابه، عن محمد بن مسلم، أو أبي حمزة، عن أبي عبدالله، عن أبيه (عليهما السلام)، قال: «قال علي بن الحسين (عليهما السلام)- في حديث فيه- قال: و إياك و مصاحبة القاطع لرحمه، فإني وجدته ملعونا في كتاب الله عز و جل في ثلاثة مواضع، قال الله عز و جل: فَهَلْ عَسَيْتُمْ إِنْ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ أَنْ تُفْسِدُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَ تُقَطِّعُوا أَرْحامَكُمْ أُولئِكَ الَّذِينَ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ فَأَصَمَّهُمْ وَ أَعْمى أَبْصارَهُمْ،

And from him, from a number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Amro bin Usman, from Muhammad Bin Azafar, from one of his companions, from Muhammad Bin Muslim, or Abu Hamza,

‘Abu Abdullah^-asws, from his^-asws father^-asws having said: ‘Ali^-asws Bin Al-Husayn^-asws – in a Hadeeth in which he^-asws said: ‘And beware of accompanying the one who severs the ties of kinship, for I^-asws have found him to be Cursed in the Book of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic, in three places. Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said But if you held command, you were sure to make mischief in the land and cut off the ties of kinship! [47:22]. Those are the ones whom Allah has Cursed so He has made them deaf and blinded their eyes [47:23].

و قال: الَّذِينَ يَنْقُضُونَ عَهْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مِيثاقِهِ وَ يَقْطَعُونَ ما أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ أَنْ يُوصَلَ وَ يُفْسِدُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ أُولئِكَ لَهُمُ اللَّعْنَةُ وَ لَهُمْ سُوءُ الدَّارِ،

And (Allah^-azwj) Said: And those who break the Covenant of Allah after its confirmation and cut asunder that which Allah has ordered to be joined and make mischief in the land; (as for) those, upon them shall be curse and they shall have the evil (issue) of the abode [13:25].

و قال في البقرة: الَّذِينَ يَنْقُضُونَ عَهْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مِيثاقِهِ وَ يَقْطَعُونَ ما أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ أَنْ يُوصَلَ وَ يُفْسِدُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ أُولئِكَ هُمُ الْخاسِرُونَ».

And Said in (Surah) Al-Baqarah: Who break the Covenant of Allah after its confirmation and cut asunder what Allah has Commanded to be joined, and make mischief in the land; those are the losers [2:27]’.[7]

أبو علي الطبرسي، قال: روي عن الصادق (عليه السلام) أنه قال: «إنما ضرب الله المثل بالبعوضة، لأن البعوضة على صغر حجمها، خلق الله فيها جميع ما خلق في الفيل مع كبره و زيادة عضوين آخرين، فأراد الله سبحانه أن ينبه بذلك المؤمنين على لطيف خلقه، و عجيب صنعته».

Abu Ali Al-Tabarsy said, ‘It is reported from Al-Sadiq^-asws having said: ‘But rather Allah^-azwj Struck the example with the mosquito, because of the mosquito’s small size. Allah^-azwj Created in it the entirety of what He^-azwj Created in the elephant with its largeness, and Increased two other body parts (for the mosquito – wings). So Allah^-azwj, Glorious is He^-azwj, Intended to represent that to the Momineen upon the subtleties of His^-azwj creation and the wonders of His^-azwj Making’’.[8]

 

VERSE 28

كَيْفَ تَكْفُرُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَكُنْتُمْ أَمْوَاتًا فَأَحْيَاكُمْ ۖ ثُمَّ يُمِيتُكُمْ ثُمَّ يُحْيِيكُمْ ثُمَّ إِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ {28}

How are you disbelieving in Allah and you were dead so He Revived you? Then He would be Causing you to die, then would be Reviving you, then to Him you would be returning [2:28]

قَالَ الْإِمَامُ ع‏ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لِكُفَّارِ قُرَيْشٍ وَ الْيَهُودِ: كَيْفَ تَكْفُرُونَ بِاللَّهِ‏ الَّذِي دَلَّكُمْ عَلَى طُرُقِ الْهُدَى، وَ جَنَّبَكُمْ أَنْ أَطَعْتُمُوهُ سُبُلَ‏ الرَّدَى. وَ كُنْتُمْ أَمْواتاً فِي أَصْلَابِ آبَائِكُمْ وَ أَرْحَامِ أُمَّهَاتِكُمْ. فَأَحْياكُمْ‏ أَخْرَجَكُمْ أَحْيَاءً ثُمَّ يُمِيتُكُمْ‏ فِي هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا وَ يُقْبِرُكُمْ. ثُمَّ يُحْيِيكُمْ‏ فِي الْقُبُورِ،

The Imam (Hassan Al-Askari^-asws) said that Rasool-Allah^-saww said to the disbelieving Quraysh and the Jews: How are you disbelieving in Allah – Who Points you upon the Path of Guidance and Keeps you aside from the way of death, and you were dead in the loins of your fathers and wombs of your mothers, so He Revived you – He^-azwj Extracted you as alive Then He would be Causing you to die in this world and Place you in your graves then would be Reviving you in the graves.

وَ يُنْعِمُ فِيهَا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِنُبُوَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص وَ وَلَايَةِ عَلِيٍّ ع، وَ يُعَذِّبُ فِيهَا الْكَافِرِينَ بِهِمَا. ثُمَّ إِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ‏ فِي الْآخِرَةِ- بِأَنْ تَمُوتُوا فِي الْقُبُورِ بَعْدُ، ثُمَّ تُحْيَوْا لِلْبَعْثِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، تُرْجَعُونَ إِلَى مَا وَعَدَكُمْ مِنَ الثَّوَابِ عَلَى الطَّاعَاتِ- إِنْ كُنْتُمْ فَاعِلِيهَا، وَ مِنَ الْعِقَابِ عَلَى الْمَعَاصِي إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُقَارِفِيهَا.

And therein (in the graves), the Momineen would be Favoured with the Prophet-hood of Muhammad^-saww and the Wilayah of Ali^-asws, and therein the unbelievers would be Punished with these. then to Him you would be returning – in the Hereafter. You will be dying in your graves afterwards, then you would be Revived for the Resurrection of the Day of Judgment, returning to what is Promised to you all from the Rewards upon the obedience, if you were doing it, and from the Punishment upon the disobedience if you were perpetrating it.’[9]

 

VERSE 29

هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ لَكُمْ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ اسْتَوَىٰ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَسَوَّاهُنَّ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ ۚ وَهُوَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ {29}

He is the (One) Who Created for you the entirety of what is in the earth, then He Directed towards the sky, so He Created these as seven skies, and He is a Knower of all things [2:29]

[قَالَ الْإِمَامُ ع:] قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع‏ هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ لَكُمْ ما فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعاً خَلَقَ لَكُمْ [مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعاً] لِتَعْتَبِرُوا بِهِ وَ تَتَوَصَّلُوا بِهِ إِلَى رِضْوَانِهِ، وَ تَتَوَقَّوْا [بِهِ‏] مِنْ عَذَابِ نِيرَانِهِ.

The Imam (Hasan Al-Askari^-asws) said: ‘Amir-Al-Momineen^-asws said regarding  He is the (One) Who Created for you the entirety of what is in the earth [2:29] – ‘He^-azwj Created for you all – whatever is in the earth entirely – in order for you take a lesson with it and as a means to achieve His^-azwj Pleasure, and for you to fear by it from the Punishment of His^-azwj Fires.

«ثُمَّ اسْتَوى‏ إِلَى السَّماءِ» أَخَذَ فِي خَلْقِهَا وَ إِتْقَانِهَا فَسَوَّاهُنَّ سَبْعَ سَماواتٍ وَ هُوَ بِكُلِّ شَيْ‏ءٍ عَلِيمٌ‏ وَ لِعِلْمِهِ بِكُلِّ شَيْ‏ءٍ عَلِمَ الْمَصَالِحَ‏ فَخَلَقَ لَكُمْ [كُلَ‏] مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ لِمَصَالِحِكُمْ يَا بَنِي آدَمَ‏.

Then He Directed towards the sky – Taking in its Creation and its Mastery so He Created these as seven skies, and He is a Knower of all things – And of His^-azwj Knowledge of all things, is the Knowledge of the interests, so He^-azwj Created for you all – everything – what is in the earth, for your own interests, O children of Adam^-as!’[10]

 

CIRCUMSTANTIAL AHADEETH

في عيون الاخبار حدثنا أبو الحسن محمد بن عمرو بن على بن عبد الله البصري بايلاق قال: حدثنا أبو عبد الله محمد بن عبد الله بن أحمد بن جبلة الواعظ قال: حدثنا أبو القاسم عبد الله بن أحمد بن عامر الطائى قال: حدثنا أبى قال: حدثنا على بن موسى الرضا عليه السلام قال: حدثنى أبى موسى بن جعفر قال: حدثنا أبى جعفر بن محمد قال: حدثنا أبى محمد بن على قال: حدثنا أبى على بن الحسين قال: حدثنا ابن الحسين بن على عليهم السلام، قال: كان على بن أبيطالب عليه السلام بالكوفة في مسجد الجامع إذ قام إليه رجل من اهل الشام فقال يا أمير المؤمنين انى اسئلك عن اشياء فقال سل تفقها ولا تسئل تعنتا فأحدق الناس بأبصارهم

In Uyoon Al Akhbaar Al Ridha^-asws it has been narrated from Abu Al Hassan Muhammad Bin Amro Bin Ali Bin Abdullah Al Basri Baylaq who said that it has been narrated from Abu Abdullah Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Jabalat Al Wa’az who said that it has been narrated from Abu Al Qasim Abdullah Bin Ahmad Bin Aamir Al Taa’y who said that it has been narrated from his father who said that it has been narrated,

(It has been narrated) from Ali^-asws Bin Musa Al-Ridha^-asws from his^-asws father Musa^-asws Bin Ja’far^-asws from his^-asws father Ja’far^-asws Bin Muhammad^-asws from his^-asws father Muhammad^-asws Bin Ali^-asws from his^-asws father Ali^-asws Bin Al-Husayn^-asws from Husayn^-asws Bin Ali^-asws who^-asws said: ‘Ali^-asws Bin Abu Talib^-asws was in Kufa in the Jame’a Mosque. A Syrian man stood up and said: ‘O Amir-al-Momineen^-asws, I would like to ask you about certain things’. He^-asws said: ‘Ask to understand, not to be seen of intransigent people’.

وسأله عن ألوان السماوات السبع وأسمائها ؟ فقال له: اسم سماء الدنيا رفيع وهى من ماء ودخان، واسم سماء الثانية قيذوم وهى على لون النحاس، والسماء الثالثة اسمها الماروم وهى على لون الشبه، والسماء الرابعة اسمها ارفلون وهى على لون الفضة، والسماء الخامسة اسمها هيعون وهى على لون الذهب، والسماء السادسة اسمها عروس وهى من ياقوتة خضراء، والسماء السابعة اسمها عجماء وهى درة بيضاء.

He asked: ‘What are the colours of the seven skies and what are their names?’ He^-asws said: ‘The sky of this world is called “Rafi’e” and it is from water and smoke. The second sky is called “Qayzum” and it is the colour of copper. The third sky is called “Al-Maroum” and it is the colour of iron. The fourth sky is called “Arfalun” and it is the colour of silver. The fifth sky is called “Hay’oun” and it is the colour of gold. The sixth sky is called “Arous” and it is the colour of green ruby. The seventh sky is called “Ajma’a” and it is the colour of white pearl’.[11]

محمد بن يعقوب: بإسناده، عن الحسن بن محبوب، عن أبي جعفر الأحول، عن سلام بن المستنير، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: «إن الله عز و جل خلق الجنة قبل أن يخلق النار، و خلق الطاعة قبل أن يخلق المعصية، و خلق الرحمة قبل أن يخلق الغضب، و خلق الخير قبل الشر، و خلق الأرض قبل السماء، و خلق الحياة قبل الموت، و خلق الشمس قبل القمر، و خلق النور قبل الظلمة».

Muhammad Bin Yaqoub by its chain from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub from Abu Ja’far Al Hawl from Salaam Bin Al Mustaneyr,

(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far^-asws, said: ‘Verily Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Created Paradise before He^-azwj Created Hell, and Created obedience before He^-azwj Created disobedience, and Created the Mercy before He^-azwj Created the Wrath, and Created the good before He^-azwj Created the evil, and Created the earth before He^-azwj Created the sky, and Created the life before He^-azwj Created death, and Created the Sun before He^-azwj Created the Moon, and Created the light before He^-azwj Created the darkness’.[12]

 

VERSES 30 – 33

وَإِذْ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ إِنِّي جَاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً ۖ قَالُوا أَتَجْعَلُ فِيهَا مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيهَا وَيَسْفِكُ الدِّمَاءَ وَنَحْنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِكَ وَنُقَدِّسُ لَكَ ۖ قَالَ إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ {30}

And when your Lord said to the Angels: I am going to Make a Caliph in the earth. They said: Are You going to Make in it one who will make mischief therein and shed the blood, and we Glorify with Your Praise and we extol Your Holiness? He said: I Know what you do not know [2:30]

وَعَلَّمَ آدَمَ الْأَسْمَاءَ كُلَّهَا ثُمَّ عَرَضَهُمْ عَلَى الْمَلَائِكَةِ فَقَالَ أَنْبِئُونِي بِأَسْمَاءِ هَٰؤُلَاءِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ {31} قَالُوا سُبْحَانَكَ لَا عِلْمَ لَنَا إِلَّا مَا عَلَّمْتَنَا ۖ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَلِيمُ الْحَكِيمُ {32}

And He Taught Adam the names, all of them, then presented them to the Angels, and He Said: Tell Me their names if you were truthful [2:32]. They said: Glory be to You! There is no knowledge for us except what You Taught us; surely You are the Knowing, the Wise [2:31]

قَالَ يَا آدَمُ أَنْبِئْهُمْ بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ ۖ فَلَمَّا أَنْبَأَهُمْ بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ قَالَ أَلَمْ أَقُلْ لَكُمْ إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ غَيْبَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَأَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا كُنْتُمْ تَكْتُمُونَ {33}

He said: O Adam! Inform them of their names. Then when he had informed them of their names, He said: Did I not Say to you that I Know unseen of the skies and the earth and I know what you are manifesting and what you have been concealing? [2:33]

قَالَ الْإِمَامُ ع‏ لَمَّا قِيلَ لَهُمْ‏ هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ لَكُمْ ما فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعاً الْآيَةَ، قَالُوا: مَتَى كَانَ هَذَا فَقَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ‏ حِينَ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ- الَّذِينَ كَانُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ مَعَ إِبْلِيسَ وَ قَدْ طَرَدُوا عَنْهَا الْجِنَّ بَنِي الْجَانِّ، وَ خَفَّتِ‏ الْعِبَادَةُ: إِنِّي جاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً بَدَلًا مِنْكُمْ وَ رَافِعُكُمْ مِنْهَا فَاشْتَدَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ- لِأَنَّ الْعِبَادَةَ عِنْدَ رُجُوعِهِمْ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ تَكُونُ أَثْقَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ.

The Imam (Hassan Al-Askari^-asws said): ‘When it is said to them He it is Who Created for you the entirety of what is in the earth [2:29] – the Verse, they are saying, ‘When was this?’ So Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said when your Lord said to the Angels those who were in the earth along with Iblees^-la, and the Jinns from the Clan of Jaan had been expelled from it, and the worship was light (easy) – I am going to Make a Caliph in the earth as a replacement from you all and will be Raising you from it. So that was grievous upon them, because the worship during their return to the sky would have become heavier upon them.

فَ قالُوا رَبَّنَا أَ تَجْعَلُ فِيها مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيها وَ يَسْفِكُ الدِّماءَ كَمَا فَعَلَتْهُ الْجِنُّ بَنُو الْجَانِّ الَّذِينَ قَدْ طَرَدْنَاهُمْ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْأَرْضِ‏ وَ نَحْنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِكَ‏ نُنَزِّهُكَ عَمَّا لَا يَلِيقُ بِكَ مِنَ الصِّفَاتِ‏ وَ نُقَدِّسُ لَكَ‏ نُطَهِّرُ أَرْضَكَ مِمَّنْ يَعْصِيكَ.

So they said: Are You going to Make in it one who will make mischief therein and shed the blood – just as the Jinn of the Clan of Jaan had done, those whom we had expelled from this earth and we Glorify with Your Praise – we are far above from what is not worthy of Your^-azwj Attributes and we extol Your Holiness – We cleanse the Your^-azwj earth from the ones who disobey You^-azwj.

قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ ما لا تَعْلَمُونَ‏ إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ مِنَ الصَّلَاحِ الْكَائِنِ- فِيمَنْ أَجْعَلُهُ بَدَلًا مِنْكُمْ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ. وَ أَعْلَمُ أَيْضاً أَنَّ فِيكُمْ مَنْ هُوَ كَافِرٌ فِي بَاطِنِهِ [مَا] لَا تَعْلَمُونَهُ- وَ هُوَ إِبْلِيسُ لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ-

Allah^-azwj the Exalted Said I Know what you do not know – I^-azwj Know from the correctness of the existing beings among the ones I^-azwj would Make him as a replacement from you all what you do not know. And I^-azwj Know as well that among you all there is one who is an unbeliever inwardly – what you do not know – it, and he is Iblees^-la, may Allah^-azwj Curse him^-la.

ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَ عَلَّمَ آدَمَ الْأَسْماءَ كُلَّها أَسْمَاءَ أَنْبِيَاءِ اللَّهِ، وَ أَسْمَاءَ مُحَمَّدٍ ص وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ فَاطِمَةَ وَ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ، وَ الطَّيِّبِينَ مِنْ آلِهِمَا، وَ أَسْمَاءِ خِيَارِ شِيعَتِهِمْ وَ عُتَاةِ أَعْدَائِهِمْ‏ ثُمَّ عَرَضَهُمْ‏ عَرَضَ مُحَمَّداً وَ عَلِيّاً وَ الْأَئِمَّةَ عَلَى الْمَلائِكَةِ أَيْ عَرَضَ أَشْبَاحَهُمْ وَ هُمْ أَنْوَارٌ فِي الْأَظِلَّةِ.

Then He^-azwj Said And He Taught Adam the names, all of them – The names of the Prophets^-as of Allah^-azwj and the names of Muhammad^-saww and Ali^-asws and (Syeda) Fatima^-asws and Al-Hassan^-asws and Al-Husayn^-asws and the goodly from their^-asws Progeny^-asws and good Shias of theirs^-asws and their^-asws hardened enemies then presented them – presented Muhammad^-saww and Ali^-asws and the Imams^-asws to the Angels – i.e., their^-asws resemblances, and they^-asws were ‘Anwar’ Lights in the shadows.

فَقالَ أَنْبِئُونِي بِأَسْماءِ هؤُلاءِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صادِقِينَ‏ إِنَّ جَمِيعَكُمْ تُسَبِّحُونَ وَ تُقَدِّسُونَ وَ إِنَّ تَرْكَكُمْ هَاهُنَا أَصْلَحُ مِنْ إِيرَادِ مَنْ بَعْدَكُمْ‏ أَيْ فَكَمَا لَمْ تَعْرِفُوا غَيْبَ مَنْ [فِي‏] خِلَالِكُمْ- فَالْحَرِيُ‏ أَنْ لَا تَعْرِفُوا الْغَيْبَ الَّذِي لَمْ يَكُنْ، كَمَا لَا تَعْرِفُونَ أَسْمَاءَ أَشْخَاصٍ تَرَوْنَهَا.

And He Said: Tell Me their names if you were truthful – The entirety of you are glorifying and extolling the Holiness and you are neglecting over here the suitability of the ones after you – i.e.,  so just as you are not recognising the unseen – the one who in your midst (Iblees^-la) – it is appropriate that you will not be recognising the unseen which has yet to come into existence, just as you are not recognising the names of the personalities^-asws you are seeing.

قَالَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ: سُبْحانَكَ لا عِلْمَ لَنا إِلَّا ما عَلَّمْتَنا- إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَلِيمُ الْحَكِيمُ‏ [الْعَلِيمُ‏] بِكُلِّ شَيْ‏ءٍ، الْحَكِيمُ الْمُصِيبُ فِي كُلِّ فِعْلٍ.

The Angels said: They said: Glory be to You! There is no knowledge for us except what You Taught us; surely You are the Knowing, the Wise [2:32] – The Knower of everything, the Wise, the Correct in all His^-azwj Deeds.

قالَ‏ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: يا آدَمُ‏ أَنْبِئْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْمَلَائِكَةَ بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ: أَسْمَاءِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَ الْأَئِمَّةِ فَلَمَّا أَنْبَأَهُمْ‏ فَعَرَفُوهَا أَخَذَ عَلَيْهِمُ‏ الْعَهْدَ، وَ الْمِيثَاقَ بِالْإِيمَانِ بِهِمْ، وَ التَّفْضِيلِ لَهُمْ.

Allah^-azwj the Mighty and Majestic (Said): O Adam! Inform them of their names – The names of the Prophets^-as and the Imams^-as. Then when he had informed them of their names, they recognised them^-asws and the Pact was Taken upon them, and the Covenant, with the believing in them^-asws and of preferring them^-asws.

قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ: أَ لَمْ أَقُلْ لَكُمْ إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ غَيْبَ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ‏- سِرَّهُمَا وَ أَعْلَمُ ما تُبْدُونَ وَ ما كُنْتُمْ تَكْتُمُونَ‏ [وَ] مَا كَانَ يَعْتَقِدُهُ إِبْلِيسُ مِنَ الْإِبَاءِ عَلَى آدَمَ إِنْ أُمِرَ بِطَاعَتِهِ، وَ إِهْلَاكِهِ إِنْ سُلِّطَ عَلَيْهِ. وَ مِنِ اعْتِقَادِكُمْ أَنَّهُ لَا أَحَدٌ يَأْتِي بَعْدَكُمْ إِلَّا وَ أَنْتُمْ أَفْضَلُ مِنْهُ. بَلْ مُحَمَّدٌ وَ آلُهُ الطَّيِّبُونَ أَفْضَلُ مِنْكُمُ، الَّذِينَ أَنْبَأَكُمْ آدَمُ بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ‏.

Allah^-azwj the Exalted Said during that Did I not Say to you that I Know unseen of the skies and the earth – their secrets – and I know what you are manifesting and what you have been concealing? – and what Iblees^-la believed in from the refusal upon Adam^-as if I^-azwj were to Command with obeying him^-as, and his^-as destroying him^-as if he^-la was to (allowed to) overcome upon him^-as, and from your beliefs that there would be no one coming after you all except and you would be superior than him. But, Muhammad^-saww and his^-saww goodly Progeny^-asws are superior than you all, those whom Adam^-as informed you with their^-asws names.[13]

و عنه، قال: حدثني أبي، عن الحسن بن محبوب، عن عمرو بن أبي المقدام، عن ثابت الحذاء، عن جابر بن يزيد، عن أبي جعفر محمد بن علي بن الحسين، عن أبيه، عن آبائه،

And from him who said, ‘My father narrated to me, from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub from Amro Bin Abu Al Maqdam, from Sabit Al Haza’a, from Jabir Bin Yazeed, from Abu Ja’far Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Al Husayn, from his father, from his forefathers,

عن أمير المؤمنين (عليهم السلام) قال: «إن الله تبارك و تعالى أراد أن يخلق خلقا بيده، و ذلك بعد ما مضى من الجن و النسناس في الأرض سبعة آلاف سنة، و كان من شأنه خلق آدم، فكشط عن أطباق السماوات و قال للملائكة: انظروا إلى أهل الأرض من خلقي من الجن و النسناس، فلما رأوا ما يعملون فيها من المعاصي و سفك الدماء و الفساد في الأرض بغير الحق، عظم ذلك عليهم و غضبوا و تأسفوا على أهل الأرض و لم يملكوا غضبهم.

(It has been narrated) from Amir Al-Momineen^-asws having said: ‘Allah^-azwj Blessed and High Wanted to Create a creature with His^-azwj own Hands, and that was after the expiry of the Jinns and the Nisnaas in the earth by seven thousand years. And it was from His^-azwj Decision to Create Adam^-as. So He^-azwj Uncovered from the layers of the skies and Said to the Angels: ‘Look at the inhabitants of the earth from My^-azwj creatures, from the Jinn and the Nisnaas”. So when they saw what they were doing therein from the (acts of) disobedience, and shedding the blood, and the corruption in the earth without the right, that was grievous upon them, and they got uneasy and regretted upon the inhabitants of the earth and could not control their unhappiness.

قالوا: ربنا إنك أنت العزيز القادر الجبار القاهر العظيم الشأن، و هذا خلقك الضعيف الذليل يتقلبون في قبضتك و يعيشون برزقك و يستمتعون بعافيتك، و هم يعصونك بمثل هذه الذنوب العظام، لا تأسف عليهم و لا تغضب و لا تنتقم لنفسك لما تسمع منهم و ترى، و قد عظم ذلك علينا و أكبرناه فيك!».

They (the Angels) said, ‘Our Lord^-azwj!, You^-azwj are the Mighty, the Powerful, the Compeller, of Magnificent Glory, and these are Your^-azwj creatures, the weak, the humiliated. They are turning in Your^-azwj Judgment, and are living by Your^-azwj sustenance, and they are enjoying by Your^-azwj well-being, and they are disobeying You^-azwj with the like of these great sins. You^-azwj are neither Regretting upon them, nor Wrathful, nor Vengeful for Yourself^-azwj from what You^-azwj Hear from them and Seeing, and it has been grievous upon us we consider it grievous regarding You^-azwj!’

قال: «فلما سمع ذلك من الملائكة، قال: إِنِّي جاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً يكون حجة لي في أرضي على خلقي. فقالت الملائكة: سبحانك أَ تَجْعَلُ فِيها مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيها كما فسد بنو الجان، و يسفكون الدماء كما سفك بنو الجان، و يتحاسدون و يتباغضون، فاجعل ذلك الخليفة منا، فإنا لا نتحاسد و لا نتباغض و لا نسفك الدماء، و نسبح بحمدك و نقدس لك.

He^-asws (the Imam^-asws) said: ‘So when He^-azwj Heard that from the Angels, Said: I am going to Make a Caliph in the earth, who would happen to be a Divine Authority for Me^-azwj in My^-azwj earth upon My^-azwj creatures’. So the Angels said, ‘Glory be to You^-azwj! Are You going to Make in it one who will make mischief therein and shed the blood in it, just as the Clan of Jaan had made mischief, and they would be shedding the blood just as the Clan of Jaan had done, and they would be envying each other and hating each other? Therefore, Make the Caliph to be from us, for we neither envy, nor hate, nor shed the blood, and we Glorify with Your Praise and we extol Your Holiness’.

قال جل و عز: إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ ما لا تَعْلَمُونَ إني أريد أن أخلق خلقا بيدي، و أجعل من ذريته أنبياء و مرسلين و عبادا صالحين و أئمة مهتدين، و أجعلهم خلفاء على خلقي في أرضي، ينهونهم عن معصيتي، و ينذرونهم من عذابي، و يهدونهم إلى طاعتي، و يسلكون بهم طريق سبيلي، و أجعلهم لي حجة، و عليهم عذرا و نذرا،

The Mighty and Majestic Said I Know what you do not know. I^-azwj Want to Create a creature with My^-azwj own Hands, and Make Prophets^-as to be from his^-as offspring, and Mursils^-as, and righteous servants, and Imams^-asws of Guidance, and Make them as Caliphs upon My^-azwj creatures in My^-azwj earth, forbidding them from disobeying Me^-azwj, and warning them of My^-azwj Punishment, and guiding them to obeying Me^-azwj, and travelling with them the path of My^-azwj Way, and Make them as Divine Authorities for Me^-azwj, and as pardoners and warners upon them.

و أبين النسناس عن أرضي، و أطهرها منهم، و أنقل مردة الجن العصاة عن بريتي و خلقي و خيرتي، و أسكنهم في الهواء و في أقطار الأرض، و لا يجاورون نسل خلقي، و أجعل بين الجن و بين خلقي حجابا، فلا يرى نسل خلقي الجن، و لا يجالسونهم، و لا يخالطونهم، فمن عصاني من نسل خلقي الذين اصطفيتهم، أسكنتهم‏ مساكن العصاة، و أوردتهم مواردهم و لا أبالي».

And I^-azwj shall Banish the Nisnaas from My^-azwj earth and Cleanse it from them, and I^-azwj shall Transfer the apostate Jinns, the disobeyers from My^-azwj created beings, and My^-azwj creatures, and My^-azwj good ones, and Settle them in the atmosphere and in the outskirts of the earth, and they will not be in the vicinity of the offspring of My^-azwj creature, and I^-azwj shall Make a veil to be in between the Jinn and My^-azwj creature. So, neither will the offspring of My^-azwj creature be seeing the Jinn nor would they be sitting with them, nor mingling with them. Thus, the one who disobeys Me^-azwj from the offspring of My^-azwj creature, those whom I^-azwj Choose, I^-azwj shall Settle them in the dwellings of the disobeying ones, and Resource them with their resources, and I^-azwj don’t Care!”

قال: «فقالت الملائكة: يا ربنا، افعل ما شئت لا عِلْمَ لَنا إِلَّا ما عَلَّمْتَنا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَلِيمُ الْحَكِيمُ.

He^-asws said: ‘So the Angels said, ‘O our Lord^-azwj! Do whatever You^-azwj so Desire to There is no knowledge for us what You Taught us; surely You are the Knowing, the Wise [2:32].

قال: «فباعدهم الله من العرش [مسيرة] خمسمائة عام- قال-: فلاذوا بالعرش و أشاروا بالأصابع، فنظر الرب عز و جل إليهم و نزلت الرحمة فوضع لهم البيت المعمور، فقال: طوفوا به ودعوا العرش فإنه لي رضا، فطافوا به- و هو البيت الذي يدخله كل يوم سبعون ألف ملك لا يعودون إليه أبدا- فوضع الله البيت المعمور توبة لأهل السماء، و وضع الكعبة توبة لأهل الأرض.

He^-asws said: ‘So Allah^-azwj Distanced them from the Throne to a travel distance of five hundred years. So they sought refuge with the Throne and gestured with the fingers. So the Lord^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Looked at them and Sent down the Mercy, and Placed the Bayt Al-Mamour for them, and He^-azwj Said: “Perform Tawaaf around it and leave the Throne, for it is a Pleasure for Me^-azwj!” So they performed Tawaaf with it, and it is the House in which seventy thousand Angels enter every day, not returning to it ever. So Allah^-azwj Placed the Bayt Al-Mamour as a repentance for the inhabitants of the sky, and Placed the Kabah as a repentance for the inhabitants of the earth’’.[14]

[ الصدوق ] حدثنا علي بن حاتم قال: حدثنا القاسم بن محمد قال: حدثنا حمدان بن الحسين، عن الحسين بن الوليد، عن أبي بكر، عن حنان بن سدير، عن أبي حمزة الثمالي،

(Al Sadooq) Narrated from Ali Bin Hatim from Al Qasim Bin Muhammad from Hamdan Bin Al Husayn from Al Husayn Bin Al Waleed from Abu Bakr from Hannan Bin Sudeyr from Abu Hamza Al Sumaly,

عن علي بن الحسين (عليه السلام) قال: قلت: لم صار الطواف سبعة أشواط ؟ قال: لأن الله تبارك وتعالى قال للملائكة: * (إنى جاعل في الارض خليفة) * فردوا على الله تبارك وتعالى و * (قالوا أتجعل فيها من يفسد فيها ويسفك الدماء ونحن نسبح بحمدك ونقدس لك قال إنى أعلم ما لا تعلمون) *

From Ali^-asws Bin Al-Husayn^-asws, said, ‘I said, ‘Why did the Tawaaf (of the Kabah) come to be of seven circuits?’ He^-asws said: ‘Because Allah^-azwj Blessed and High Said to the Angels I am going to Make a Caliph in the earth , so they responded upon Allah^-azwj the Exalted and said Are You going to Make in it one who will make mischief therein and shed the blood, and we Glorify with Your Praise and we extol Your Holiness? He said: I Know what you do not know [2:30].

وكان لا يحجبهم عن نوره سبعة آلاف عام، فلاذوا بالعرش سبعة آلاف سنة، فرحمهم وتاب عليهم وجعل لهم البيت المعمور الذي في السماء الرابعة وجعله مثابة ووضع البيت الحرام تحت البيت المعمور، فجعله مثابة للناس وأمنا، فصار الطواف سبعة أشواط واجبا على العباد لكل ألف سنة شوطا واحدا.

And it was so that they were veiled from His^-azwj Light for seven thousand years. So they sought refuge with the Throne for seven thousand years, and He^-azwj Showed Mercy upon them and Turned to them, and Made the Oft-frequented House (Bayt Al-Mamour) for them, which is in the fourth sky, and Made it as a model and Placed the Sacred House (Kabah) beneath the Oft-Frequented House, and Made it as a model for the people and a Sanctuary. Thus, the Tawaaf came to be of seven circuits, Obligatory upon the servants, for every thousand years (of the Angels), one circuit’’.[15]

على ابن ابراهيم عن ابيه عن احمد بن محمد ابن أبى نصروا بن محبوب جميعا عن المفضل بن صالح عن محمد بن مروان قال:

Ali Bin Ibrahim from his father from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr and Bin Mahboub together from Al Fadhl Bin Saleh from Muhammad Bin Marwan who said,

سمعت أبا عبد الله عليه السلام يقول كنت مع أبى في الحجر فبينما هو قائم يصلى إذ أتاه رجل فجلس إليه فلما انصرف سلم عليه ثم قال: انى اسئلك عن ثلثة اشياء لا يعلمها الا انت ورجل آخر، قال ما هي

‘I heard Abu Abdullah^-asws say: ‘I^-asws was with my^-asws father^-asws at the Rock (Hajar Al-Aswad) and Praying. So while he^-asws was standing offering Salat, a man came over to him^-asws and sat near him^-asws. So when he^-asws finished, he greeted upon him^-asws, then said: ‘I^-asws want to ask you^-asws about three things. No one knows it except you^-asws and the man at the end (of time – Imam-e-Zamana^-ajfj)’. He^-asws said: ‘What is it?’

قال: أخبرني أي شى كان سبب الطواف بهذا البيت ؟ فقال. ان الله تعالى لما أمر الملئكة ان يسجدوالادم فردوا عليه فقالوا: اتجعل فيها من يفسد فيها ويسفك الدماء ونحن نسبح بحمدك ونقدس لك قال الله عزوجل: انى اعلم مالا تعملون

He said, ‘Inform me, which thing was the cause of the Tawaaf of this House (Kabah)?’ So he^-asws said: ‘Allah^-azwj the Exalted, when He^-azwj Commanded the Angels that they should perform Sajdah to Adam^-as, they responded to Him^-azwj and they said, Are You going to Make in it one who will make mischief therein and shed the blood, and we Glorify with Your Praise and we extol Your Holiness? [2:30]. Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: I Know what you are not knowing.

فغصب عليهم ثم سألوه التوبة فأمرهم ان يطوفوا بالضراح وهو البيت المعمور ومكثوا يطوفون به سبع سنين ويستغفرون الله تعالى مما قالوا ثم تاب عليهم من بعد ذلك ورضى عنهم.

So He^-azwj was Wrathful upon them. Then they asked Him^-azwj for the repentance, and He^-azwj Commanded them that they perform Tawaaf of ‘Al-Zaraah’, and it is the Oft-Frequented House (Bayt Al-Mamour). And they remained performing its Tawaaf for seven (thousand) years and seeking Forgiveness of Allah^-azwj the Exalted from what they had said. Then He^-azwj Turned towards them from after that and was Pleased from them.

فهذا كان اصل الطواف ثم جعل الله البيت الحرام حذو الضراح توبة لمن اذنب من بنى آدم و طهورا لهم، فقال صدقت.

Thus, this is the origin of the Tawaaf. Then Allah^-azwj Made the Sacred House (Kabah) parallel to Al-Zaraah (Bayt Al-Mamour), as a repentance of the ones from the children of Adam^-as, and as a cleansing for them’. So he said, ‘You^-asws have spoken the truth’’.[16]

علي بن الحسين (عليه السلام) في قوله: وَ إِذْ قالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلائِكَةِ إِنِّي جاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً قالُوا أَ تَجْعَلُ فِيها مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيها وَ يَسْفِكُ الدِّماءَ: «ردوا على الله فقالوا: أَ تَجْعَلُ فِيها مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيها وَ يَسْفِكُ الدِّماءَ. و إنما قالوا ذلك بخلق مضى، يعني الجان أبا الجن. وَ نَحْنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِكَ وَ نُقَدِّسُ لَكَ

Ali^-asws Bin Al-Husayn^-asws regarding His^-azwj Words And when your Lord said to the Angels: I am going to Make a Caliph in the earth. They said: Are You going to Make in it one who will make mischief therein and shed the blood [2:30] ‘They responded upon Allah^-azwj and they said: Are You going to Make in it one who will make mischief therein and shed the blood. And rather, they said it for the creatures of the past – meaning the (Clan of) Jaan, father (ancestors) of the Jinn. And we Glorify with Your Praise and we extol Your Holiness?

فمنوا على الله بعبادتهم إياه فأعرض عنهم. ثم علم آدم الأسماء كلها، ثم قال للملائكة أَنْبِئُونِي بِأَسْماءِ هؤُلاءِ قالُوا سُبْحانَكَ لا عِلْمَ لَنا قال يا آدَمُ أَنْبِئْهُمْ بِأَسْمائِهِمْ فأنباهم، ثم قال لهم اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فسجدوا، و قالوا في سجودهم- في أنفسهم-: ما كنا نظن أن يخلق الله خلقا أكرم عليه منا، نحن خزان الله و جيرانه، و أقرب الخلق إليه.

So they hoped upon Allah^-azwj with their worshipping Him^-azwj, so He^-azwj Turned away from them. And He Taught Adam the names, all of them, then Said to the Angels Tell Me their names if you were truthful [2:31]. They said: Glory be to You! There is no knowledge for us [2:32]. He said: O Adam! Inform them of their names [2:33]. So he^-as informed them. Then Said to them: And when We said to the Angels: Perform Sajdah to Adam! [2:34]. So, they performed Sajdah to Adam^-as, and they said during their Sajdah, within themselves, ‘We never thought that Allah^-azwj would Create a creature more prestigious to Him^-azwj than us. We are the treasurers of Allah^-azwj and His^-azwj neighbours, and the closest of the creatures to Him^-azwj’. 

فلما رفعوا رؤوسهم، قال: الله يعلم ما تبدون من ردكم علي و ما كنتم تكتمون: ظننا أن لا يخلق الله خلقا أكرم عليه منا».

So when they raised their heads, He^-azwj Said: ‘Allah^-azwj Knows  what you are manifesting [2:33] from your response to Me^-azwj and what you have been concealing, ‘We never thought that Allah^-azwj would Create a creature more prestigious to Him^-azwj than us’.

فلما عرفت الملائكة أنها وقعت في خطيئة لاذوا بالعرش، و إنها كانت عصابة من الملائكة، و هم الذين كانوا حول العرش، لم يكن جميع الملائكة الذين قالوا: ما ظننا أن يخلق خلقا أكرم عليه منا، و هم الذين أمروا بالسجود، فلاذوا بالعرش و قالوا بأيديهم- و أشار بإصبعه يديرها- فهم يلوذون حول العرش إلى يوم القيامة.

So when the Angels recognised that they have fallen into an error, they sought refuge with the Throne – and it was a group from the Angels, and they are those who were around the Throne. They did not happen to be the entirety of the Angels, those who said, ‘We never thought that Allah^-azwj would Create a creature more prestigious to Him^-azwj than us’, and they are the ones who were Commanded with the Sajdah. So they sought refuge with the Throne and they said by their hands’ – and he^-asws indicated by his^-asws finger, circling it – ‘and they would be seeking refuge around the Throne up to the Day of Judgment’’.

فلما أصاب آدم الخطيئة، جعل الله هذا البيت لمن أصاب من ولده الخطيئة [أتاه‏] فلاذ به من ولد آدم (عليه السلام) كما لاذ أولئك بالعرش.

So when the error hit Adam^-as, Allah^-azwj Made this House (Kabah) for the ones from his^-as children who are hit by the errors. So they should come to it, and seek refuge with it, from the children of Adam^-as just as they did with the Throne.

فلما هبط آدم (عليه السلام) إلى الأرض طاف بالبيت، فلما كان عند المستجار دنا من البيت فرفع يديه إلى السماء، فقال: يا رب، اغفر لي. فنودي: إني قد غفرت لك، قال: يا رب، و لولدي، قال: فنودي: يا آدم، من جاءني من ولدك فباء  بذنبه بهذا المكان، غفرت له».

So when Adam^-as descended to the earth, he^-as performed Tawaaf of the House (Kabah). So when it was during the rescuing, he^-as approached the House (Kabah) and raised his^-as hands towards the sky and he^-as said: ‘O Lord^-azwj! Forgive me^-as!’ So He^-azwj Called out: “I^-azwj have Forgiven you^-as”. He^-as said: ‘O Lord^-azwj! And (what about) my^-as children?’ So He^-azwj Called out: “The one from your^-as children who comes to Me^-azwj, so he acknowledges his sins at this place, I^-azwj shall Forgive him”’.[17]

وَ بِهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ أَبِي الطَّيِّبِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ الْهَاشِمِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا عِيسَى حَدَّثَنَا فَرَجُ بْنُ فَرْوَةَ أَخْبَرَنَا مَسْعَدَةُ بْنُ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ مِيثَمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ:

And by him who said, ‘It was narrated to us by Abu Al Husayn Bin Abu Al Tayyib Bin Saeed, from Ahmad Bin Abu Al Qasim Al Hashimy, from Isa, from Faraj Bin Farwa, from Mas’ada Bin Sadaqa, from Salih Bin Maysam, from his father who said,

بَيْنَمَا أَنَا فِي السُّوقِ إِذَا أَتَانِي الْأَصْبَغُ بْنُ نُبَاتَةَ فَقَالَ وَيْحَكَ يَا مِيثَمُ لَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ مِنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع حَدِيثاً صَعْباً شَدِيداً فَأَيُّنَا يَكُونُ كَذَلِكَ؟ قُلْتُ وَ مَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ ع يَقُولُ إِنَّ حَدِيثَنَا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ صَعْبٌ مُسْتَصْعَبٌ لَا يَحْتَمِلُهُ إِلَّا مَلَكٌ مُقَرَّبٌ أَوْ نَبِيٌّ مُرْسَلٌ أَوْ عَبْدٌ امْتَحَنَ اللَّهُ قَلْبَهُ لِلْإِيمَانِ

‘While I was in the market, Asbagh Bin Nubata came to me and he said, ‘Woe be to you, O Maysam! I have heard a Hadeeth from Amir Al-Momineen Ali^-asws Bin Abu Talib^-asws which is intensely difficult, so where can we happen to be like that? I heard him^-asws saying: ‘Our^-asws Ahadeeth, of the People of the Household are difficult, becoming more difficult. None can bear it except for an Angel of Proximity, or a Mursil[18] Prophet^-as, or a servant whose heart Allah^-azwj has Tested for the Eman’.

فَقُمْتُ مِنْ فَوْرِي فَأَتَيْتُ عَلِيّاً ع فَقُلْتُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ حَدِيثٌ أَخْبَرَنِي بِهِ الْأَصْبَغُ بْنُ نُبَاتَةَ عَنْكَ فَقَدْ ضِقْتُ بِهِ ذَرْعاً قَالَ وَ مَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ قَالَ فَتَبَسَّمَ ثُمَّ قَالَ اجْلِسْ يَا مِيثَمُ أَ وَ كُلُّ عِلْمٍ يَحْتَمِلُهُ عَالِمٌ

So I immediately stood up and went over to Ali^-asws and I said, ‘O Amir Al-Momineen^-asws! A Hadeeth which Al-Asbagh Bin Nubata informed me with, (reporting) from you^-asws, So I am constricted by it, and I am uneasy’. He^-asws said: ‘And what is it?’ So I informed him^-asws, and he^-asws smiled, then said: ‘Be seated, O Maysam! Or, is every knowledge borne by a scholar?’

إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَالَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ إِنِّي جاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً قالُوا أَ تَجْعَلُ فِيها مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيها وَ يَسْفِكُ الدِّماءَ وَ نَحْنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِكَ وَ نُقَدِّسُ لَكَ قالَ إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ ما لا تَعْلَمُونَ‏ فَهَلْ رَأَيْتَ الْمَلَائِكَةَ احْتَمَلُوا الْعِلْمَ قَالَتْ قُلْتُ هَذِهِ وَ اللَّهِ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ

Allah^-azwj the Exalted Said to the Angels  And when your Lord said to the Angels: I am going to Make a Caliph in the earth. They said: Are You going to Make in it one who will make mischief therein and shed the blood, and we Glorify with Your Praise and we extol Your Holiness? He said: I Know what you do not know [2:30]. So, do you see that the Angels were (not) bearing the knowledge?’ I said, ‘By Allah^-azwj! This is greater than that’.

قَالَ وَ الْأُخْرَى أَنَّ مُوسَى ع أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَيْهِ التَّوْرَاةَ فَظَنَّ أَنْ لَا أَحَدَ أَعْلَمُ مِنْهُ فَأَخْبَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنَّ فِي خَلْقِي مَنْ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ مِنْكَ وَ ذَاكَ إِذْ خَافَ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ الْعُجْبَ قَالَ فَدَعَا رَبَّهُ أَنْ يُرْشِدَهُ إِلَى الْعَالِمِ قَالَ فَجَمَعَ اللَّهُ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ الْخَضِرِ فَخَرَقَ السَّفِينَةَ فَلَمْ يَحْتَمِلْ ذَاكَ مُوسَى وَ قَتَلَ الْغُلَامَ فَلَمْ يَحْتَمِلْهُ وَ أَقَامَ الْجِدَارَ فَلَمْ يَحْتَمِلْهُ

He^-asws said: ‘And another is Musa^-as. Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed the Torah unto him^-as, so he^-as thought that there is no one more knowledgeable than him^-as. But, Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Informed: “There is someone among My^-azwj creatures who is more knowledgeable than you^-as”, and that is because He^-azwj Feared the self-conceitedness upon His^-azwj Prophet^-as. So he^-as called upon his^-as Lord^-azwj (to introduce) him^-as to the scholar. So Allah^-azwj Gathered him^-as with Al-Khizr^-as. He (Al-Khizr^-as) punctured the ship, and Musa^-as could not bear that. And he^-as killed the boy and Musa^-as could not bear that. And he^-as straightened the wall, and he^-as could not bear it.

‏ وَ أَمَّا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ فَإِنَّ نَبِيَّنَا ص أَخَذَ يَوْمَ غَدِيرِ خُمٍّ بِيَدِي فَقَالَ اللَّهُمَّ مَنْ كُنْتُ مَوْلَاهُ فَإِنَّ عَلِيّاً مَوْلَاهُ فَهَلْ رَأَيْتَ احْتَمَلُوا ذَلِكَ إِلَّا مَنْ عَصَمَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُمْ فَأَبْشِرُوا ثُمَّ أَبْشِرُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَدْ خَصَّكُمْ بِمَا لَمْ يَخُصَّ بِهِ الْمَلَائِكَةَ وَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ فِيمَا احْتَمَلْتُمْ مِنْ أَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ عِلْمِهِ.

And as for the Momineen, so our Prophet^-saww grabbed me^-asws by my^-asws hand on the Day of Ghadeer khumm and he^-saww said: ‘O Allah^-azwj! The one whose Master I^-saww was, so Ali^-asws is his Master’. So, do you see them bearing that, except for the one whom Allah^-azwj Rescued from them? Therefore, receive glad tidings, then receive glad tidings (again), for Allah^-azwj has Particularised you all with what He^-azwj did not Particularise the Angels with, and the Prophets^-as, and the Mursils^-as with regards to what you are bearing from the orders to Rasool-Allah^-saww and his^-saww knowledge’’.[19]

قال: قال هشام بن سالم قال أبو عبد الله عليه السلام: وما علم الملئكة بقولهم ” أتجعل فيها من يفسد فيها ويسفك الدماء ” لو لا انهم قد كانوا رأوا من يفسد فيها ويسفك الدماء.

Hisham Bin Saalim said that

Abu Abdullah^-asws said: ‘And what did the Angels know by their words:  Are You going to Make in it one who will make mischief therein and shed the blood [2:30] – Surely, they had seen the ones who made mischief therein and shed the blood (the Clan Of Jaan on the earth)’.[20]

في عيون الاخبار حدثنا أبو الحسن محمد بن ابراهيم بن اسحق رضى الله عنه قال حدثنا أبو سعيد النسوي قال حدثنى ابراهيم بن محمد بن هارون قال حدثنا أحمد بن الفضل البلخى قال حدثنى خالي يحيى بن سعيد البلخى

In Uyoon Al Akhbar, it has been narrated from Abu Al Hassan Muhammad Bin Ibrahim Bin Is’haq ^-as from Abu Sa’eed Al Noosy from Ibrahim Bin Muhammad Bin Haroun from Ahmad Bin Al Fadhl Al Balkhy from Khaly Yahya Bin Sa’eed Al Balkhy

عن على بن موسى الرضا عن ابيه عن آبائه عن على عليه السلام قال: بينما أنا امشى مع النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم في بعض طرقات المدينة إذ لقينا شيخ طوال كث اللحية بعيد مابين المنكبين، فسلم على النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم ورحب به ثم التفت إلى فقال: السلام عليك يا رابع الخلفاء ورحمة الله وبركاته، اليس كذلك هو يا رسول الله ؟ فقال له رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله: بلى ثم مضى

From Ali^-asws Bin Musa Al-Reza^-asws from his^-asws father^-asws from his^-asws forefathers^-asws from Ali^-asws, having said: ‘While I^-asws was walking with the Prophet^-saww in one of the roads of Al-Medina, when we^-asws met a tall old man with a bushy beard and broad shoulders. So he greeted upon the Prophet^-saww and was welcoming with him^-saww. Then he turned towards me^-asws and he said, ‘The greetings be upon you^-asws, O fourth Caliph, and the Mercy of Allah^-azwj and His^-azwj Blessings! Isn’t he^-asws like that, O Rasool-Allah^-saww?’ So Rasool-Allah^-saww said to him: ‘Yes’. Then he went away.

فقلت: يا رسول الله ماهذا الذى قال لى هذا الشيخ وتصديقك له ؟ قال: أنت كذلك والحمد لله، ان الله عزوجل قال في كتابه: انى جاعل في الارض خليفة والخليفة المجعول فيها آدم عليه السلام،

I^-asws said: ‘O Rasool-Allah^-saww! What is this that this Sheikh said that you^-saww ratified for him?’ He^-saww said: ‘You^-asws are like that, and Praise is for Allah^-azwj. Allah^-azwj has Mighty and Majestic Said in His^-azwj Book I am going to Make a Caliph in the earth [2:30] – and the Caliph obscure in it is Adam^-as.

وقال عزوجل: (يا داود انا جعلناك خليفة في الارض فاحكم بين الناس بالحق) فهو الثاني، وقال عزوجل حكاية عن موسى حين قال لهارون عليه السلام: (اخلفنى في قومي واصلح) فهو هارون إذا استخلفه موسى عليه السلام في قومه وهو الثالث،

And the Might and Majestic Says  O Dawood ! We have Made you a Caliph in the earth; so judge between the people with the Truth [38:26]; So he^-as was the second. And the Mighty and Majestic Relates the story of Musa^-as when he^-asws said to Haroun^-as Be my Caliph, and correct (the people) [7:142]. So it was Haroun^-as that Musa^-as appointed as Caliph among his^-as community and he^-as was the third.

وقال عزوجل (واذان من الله ورسوله إلى الناس يوم الحج الاكبر وكنت انت المبلغ عن الله عزوجل وعن رسوله، وانت وصيى ووزيرى وقاضي دينى والمؤدى عنى، وانت منى بمنزلة هارون من موسى الا انه لانبى بعدى، فانت رابع الخلفاء كما سلم عليك الشيخ، اولاتدرى من هو ؟ قلت: لاقال: ذاك أخوك الخضر عليه السلام فاعلم.

And, the Mighty and Majestic Says And a proclamation from Allah and His Rasool to the people on the day of the greater Pilgrimage [9:3] and you^-asws were the Preacher on behalf of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic and His^-azwj Rasool^-saww, and you^-asws are my^-saww successor^-asws and my^-saww Vizier, and the fulfiller of my^-saww debts and the caller on my^-saww behalf, and you^-asws are from me^-saww at the status of Haroun^-as from Musa^-as, except that there would be no Prophet^-as after me^-as. Thus, you^-asws are the fourth Caliph, just as the Sheikh had greeted upon you^-asws. Or you^-asws don’t know who he was?’ I^-asws said: ‘No’.  He^-saww said: ‘That was your^-asws brother Al-Khizr^-as‘.[21]

ابن شاذان: عن علي بن الحسين، عن أبيه (عليهما السلام): قال أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام): «من لم يقل إني رابع الخلفاء الأربعة، فعليه لعنة الله».

Ibn Shazan, from Ali Bin Al-Husayn^-asws, from his^-asws father^-asws having said: ‘Amir Al Momineen^-asws said: ‘The one who does not say that I^-asws am the fourth Caliph, so upon him is the Curse of Allah^-azwj’’.

قال الحسين بن زيد: فقلت لجعفر بن محمد (عليهما السلام): قد رويتم غير هذا فإنكم لا تكذبون؟! قال (عليه السلام): «نعم قال الله تعالى في محكم كتابه: وَ إِذْ قالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلائِكَةِ إِنِّي جاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً فكان آدم أول خليفة الله. و يا داوُدُ إِنَّا جَعَلْناكَ خَلِيفَةً فِي الْأَرْضِ فكان داود الثاني.

Al-Husayn Bin Zayd said, ‘So I said to Ja’far^-asws Bin Muhammad^-asws, ‘It has been reported other than this, and you (Imams^-asws) are not lying?’ He^-asws said: ‘Yes. Allah^-azwj the Exalted Said in the Decisive (Verses) of His^-azwj Book And when your Lord said to the Angels: I am going to Make a Caliph in the earth [2:30] – so Adam^-as was the first Caliph of Allah^-azwj. And O Dawood ! We have Made you a Caliph in the earth [38:26] – So Dawood^-as was the second.

و كان هارون خليفة موسى قوله تعالى: اخْلُفْنِي فِي قَوْمِي وَ أَصْلِحْ، و هو خليفة محمد (صلى الله عليه و آله)، فلم لم يقل: إني رابع الخلفاء الأربعة؟.

And Haroun^-as was the Caliph of Musa^-as, saying it in the Words of the Exalted Be my Caliph, and correct (the people) [7:142]. And he (Ali^-asws) is the Caliph of Muhammad^-saww. So why shouldn’t one say he^-asws is the fourth Caliph?’[22]

عن عيسى بن حمزة، قال: قال رجل لأبي عبدالله (عليه السلام): جعلت فداك، إن الناس يزعمون أن الدنيا عمرها سبعة آلاف سنة! فقال: «ليس كما يقولون، إن الله خلق لها خمسين ألف عام فتركها قاعا قفراء خاوية عشرة آلاف عام.

From Isa Bin Hamza who said,

‘A man said to Abu Abdullah^-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you^-asws! The people are claiming that the world, its age is of seven thousand years!’ So he^-asws said: ‘It is not as they are saying. Allah^-azwj Created for it fifty thousand years, so He^-azwj Left it empty of its inhabitants for ten thousand years.

ثم بدا لله بداء، فخلق فيها خلقا ليس من الجن و لا من الملائكة و لا من الإنس، و قدر لهم عشرة آلاف عام، فلما قربت آجالهم أفسدوا فيها، فدمر الله عليهم تدميرا. ثم تركها قاعا قفراء خاوية عشرة آلاف عام.

Then Allah^-azwj Began its beginning, so He^-azwj Created in it creatures who were neither from the Jinn, nor from the Angels, nor from the human beings, and Measured out for them ten thousand years. So when they came near to the end of their term, they created mischief therein, so Allah^-azwj Destroyed them with a damaging Destruction. Then He^-azwj left it empty from its inhabitants for ten thousand years.

ثم خلق فيها الجن، و قدر لهم عشرة آلاف عام، فلما قربت آجالهم أفسدوا فيها، و سفكوا الدماء، و هو قول الله أَ تَجْعَلُ فِيها مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيها وَ يَسْفِكُ الدِّماءَ كما سفكت بنو الجان، فأهلكهم الله.

Then He^-azwj Created in it, the Jinn, and Measured out for them ten thousand years. So when the end of their term came near, they were mischievous therein, and shed the blood. And these are the Words of Allah^-azwj (the Angels said) Are You going to Make in it one who will make mischief therein and shed the blood [2:30], just as the Clan of Jaan had shed?’ So Allah^-azwj Destroyed them.

ثم بدا لله فخلق آدم، و قدر له عشرة آلاف عام، و قد مضى من ذلك سبعة آلاف عام و مائتان، و أنتم في آخر الزمان».

Then Allah^-azwj Began the Creation of Adam^-as, and Measured out for him, ten thousand years. And, from that, seven thousand two hundred years have passed from that, and you all are in the end of the era’.[23]

حدثنا احمد بن محمد عن احمد بن محمد بن ابى نصر عن الحسن بن موسى عن زرارة قال دخلت على ابى جعفر عليه السلام فسئلني ما عندك من احاديث الشيعة قلت ان عندي منها شيئا كثيرا قد هممت ان اوقد لها نارا ثم احرقها قال ولم هات ما انكرت منها فخطر على بالى الادمون فقال لى ماكان على الملائكة حيث قال اتجعل فيها من يفسد فيها ويسفك الدماء.

It has been narrated to us Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr, from Al-Hassan Bin Musa, from Zarara who said:

‘Once, I visited Abu Ja’far^-asws. He^-asws asked me: ‘What have you got from the Hadeeth of the Shias?’ I said, ‘I have many things from these with me. But they (people) have resolved to light a fire and burn these’. He^-asws said: ‘And why did you give what is denied from these. These are dangerous for the minds of the people’. He^-asws said to me: ‘That was not (even) for the Angels, where they said Are You going to Make in it one who will make mischief therein and shed the blood [2:30]’.[24]

عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبَّادٍ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ بَيْنَا أَبِي ( عليه السلام ) وَ أَنَا فِي الطَّوَافِ إِذْ أَقْبَلَ رَجُلٌ شَرْجَبٌ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ فَقُلْتُ وَ مَا الشَّرْجَبُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ قَالَ الطَّوِيلُ فَقَالَ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَ أَدْخَلَ رَأْسَهُ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَ أَبِي

A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Abu Abbad Imran Bin Atiyya,

(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah^-asws having said: ‘Whilst my^-asws father^-asws and I^-asws were in the circumambulation we^-asws came across a ‘Sharjab’ from the men. So I^-asws said: ‘And what is the ‘Sharjab’, may Allah^-azwj Keep you^-asws well?’ He^-asws said: ‘The (unusually) tall’. So he said, ‘The greetings be unto you^-asws!’, and he inserted his head in between me^-asws and my^-asws father^-asws’.

قَالَ فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَيْهِ أَبِي وَ أَنَا فَرَدَدْنَا عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامَ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَسْأَلُكَ رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبِي نَقْضِي طَوَافَنَا ثُمَّ تَسْأَلُنِي فَلَمَّا قَضَى أَبِيَ الطَّوَافَ دَخَلْنَا الْحِجْرَ فَصَلَّيْنَا الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ الْتَفَتَ فَقَالَ أَيْنَ الرَّجُلُ يَا بُنَيَّ فَإِذَا هُوَ وَرَاءَهُ قَدْ صَلَّى فَقَالَ مِمَّنِ الرَّجُلُ قَالَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ فَقَالَ وَ مِنْ أَيِّ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ فَقَالَ مِمَّنْ يَسْكُنُ بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ فَقَالَ قَرَأْتَ الْكِتَابَيْنِ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ سَلْ عَمَّا بَدَا لَكَ

He^-asws said: ‘So my^-asws father^-asws and I^-asws turned towards him, and we^-asws returned the greeting. Then he said, ‘I would like to ask you^-asws (a question), may Allah^-azwj have Mercy on you^-asws’. So my^-asws father^-asws said to him: ‘We^-asws shall complete our^-asws circumambulation, then you can ask me^-asws’. So when my^-asws father^-asws completed the circumambulation, we^-asws went over to the (Black) Stone, and we^-asws Prayed two Cycles. Then he^-asws turned, so he^-asws said: ‘Where is the man, O my^-asws son^-asws?’ So there he was, behind him^-asws, having had Prayed. So he^-asws said: ‘From whom is the man?’ He said, ‘From the people of Syria’. So he^-asws said: ‘And from which people of Syria?’ He said, ‘From the dwellers of Bayt Al-Maqdis’. He^-asws said: ‘You recite the two Books?’ He said, ‘Yes’. He^-asws said: ‘Ask about whatever comes to you’.

فَقَالَ أَسْأَلُكَ عَنْ بَدْءِ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ وَ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ ن وَ الْقَلَمِ وَ ما يَسْطُرُونَ وَ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ وَ الَّذِينَ فِي أَمْوالِهِمْ حَقٌّ مَعْلُومٌ لِلسَّائِلِ وَ الْمَحْرُومِ فَقَالَ يَا أَخَا أَهْلِ الشَّامِ اسْمَعْ حَدِيثَنَا وَ لَا تَكْذِبْ عَلَيْنَا فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ كَذَبَ عَلَيْنَا فِي شَيْ‏ءٍ فَقَدْ كَذَبَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) وَ مَنْ كَذَبَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَقَدْ كَذَبَ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَ مَنْ كَذَبَ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَذَّبَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ

So he said, ‘I ask you^-asws about the commencement of this House and about His^-azwj Words Noon, and I swear by the Pen and what he will be writing [68:1], and about His^-azwj Words And those in whose wealth there is a known right [70:24] For him who asks and for him who is denied [70:25]’. So he^-asws said: ‘O brother of the people of Syria. Hear our Hadeeth and do not belie against us, for the one who belies upon us^-asws with regards to anything, so he has belied upon Rasool-Allah^-saww, and the one who belies upon Rasool-Allah^-saww, so he has belied upon Allah^-azwj, and the one who belies upon Allah^-azwj, Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic would Punish him.

أَمَّا بَدْءُ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى قَالَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ إِنِّي جاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً فَرَدَّتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَقَالَتْ أَ تَجْعَلُ فِيها مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيها وَ يَسْفِكُ الدِّماءَ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهَا فَرَأَتْ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ سَخَطِهِ فَلَاذَتْ بِعَرْشِهِ فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ مَلَكاً مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ لَهُ بَيْتاً فِي السَّمَاءِ السَّادِسَةِ يُسَمَّى الضُّرَاحَ بِإِزَاءِ عَرْشِهِ فَصَيَّرَهُ لِأَهْلِ السَّمَاءِ يَطُوفُ بِهِ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ لَا يَعُودُونَ وَ يَسْتَغْفِرُونَ

As for the commencement of this House, so Allah^-azwj Blessed and High Said to the Angels And when your Lord said to the Angels, I am going to Make a Caliph in the earth, so the Angels responded to Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and they said: Are You going to Make in it one as shall make mischief therein and shed the blood [2:30]? So He^-azwj Turned away from it. Thus, they saw that to be from His^-azwj Anger, so they sought Refuge by His^-azwj Throne. Allah^-azwj Commanded an Angel from His^-azwj Angels that he should make a House for Him^-azwj in the sixth sky, called Al-Zurrah facing His^-azwj Throne. So, He^-azwj Rendered it for the inhabitants of the sky. Seventy thousand Angels circumambulate by it every day, not returning (again), and seeking Forgiveness.

فَلَمَّا أَنْ هَبَطَ آدَمُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا أَمَرَهُ بِمَرَمَّةِ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ وَ هُوَ بِإِزَاءِ ذَلِكَ فَصَيَّرَهُ لآِدَمَ وَ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا صَيَّرَ ذَلِكَ لِأَهْلِ السَّمَاءِ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ .

When Adam^-as descended to the sky of the world, He^-azwj Commanded him^-as with the restoration of this House, and it is parallel to that. He^-azwj Rendered it for Adam^-as and his^-as offspring, just as that was Rendered to the inhabitants of the sky’. He said, ‘You^-asws speak the truth, O son^-asws of Rasool-Allah^-saww’.[25]

حريز، عمن أخبره، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: «لما أن خلق الله آدم، أمر الملائكة أن يسجدوا له. فقالت الملائكة في أنفسها: ما كنا نظن أن الله خلق خلقا أكرم عليه منا، فنحن جيرانه، و نحن أقرب الخلق إليه. فقال الله: أَ لَمْ أَقُلْ لَكُمْ إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ غَيْبَ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ أَعْلَمُ ما تُبْدُونَ وَ ما كُنْتُمْ تَكْتُمُونَ فيما أبدوا من أمر بني الجان، و كتموا ما في أنفسهم، فلاذت الملائكة الذين قالوا ما قالوا بالعرش».

Hareyz, from the one who informed him,

(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah^-asws having said: ‘When Allah^-azwj Created Adam^-as, Commanded the Angels that they should perform Sajdah to him^-as. So the Angels said within themselves: ‘What we used to think is that Allah^-azwj has not Created a creature prestigious than us, and we are of His^-azwj Proximity, and we are the closest of the creatures to Him^-azwj’. So Allah^-azwj Said He said: O Adam! Inform them of their names. Then when he had informed them of their names, He said: Did I not Say to you that I Know unseen of the skies and the earth and I know what you are manifesting and what you have been concealing? [2:33]  Regarding what they had manifested from the affair of the Clan of Jaan, and concealed what was within their own selves. Thus, it is due to that, that the Angels said what they said by the Throne’.[26]

قال: و كان يقول أبو عبد الله (عليه السلام) إذا حدث بهذا الحديث: «هو كسر على القدرية».

He said, ‘And Abu Abdullah^-asws was saying when narrated with this Hadeeth: ‘It is a breaker (of the ideology) upon the Qadiriyya’’.

ثم قال أبو عبد الله (عليه السلام): «إن آدم كان له في السماء خليل من الملائكة، فلما هبط آدم من السماء إلى الأرض استوحش الملك، و شكا إلى الله تعالى و سأله أن يأذن له [فيهبط عليه‏]، فإذن له فهبط عليه، فوجده قاعدا في قفرة من الأرض، فلما رآه آدم وضع يده على رأسه و صاح صيحة- قال أبو عبد الله (عليه السلام)-: يروون أنه أسمع عامة الخلق.

Then Abu Abdullah^-asws said: ‘Adam^-as had a friend for him^-as from the Angels in the sky. So when Adam^-as descended from the sky to the earth, the Angel was lonely and complained to Allah^-azwj the Exalted, and asked Him^-azwj that He^-azwj Permits for him to descend to him^-as. So He^-azwj Permitted for him to descend to him^-as, and he found him^-as in a desert from the earth. So when Adam^-as saw him, he^-as placed his^-as hand upon his^-as head and shrieked a shriek’. Abu Abdullah^-asws said: ‘They are reporting that it was heard by the generality of the creatures’.

فقال له الملك: يا آدم، ما أراك إلا قد عصيت ربك، و حملت على نفسك ما لا تطيق، أ تدري ما قال الله لنا فيك فرددنا عليه؟ قال: لا. قال: قال: إِنِّي جاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً قلنا: أَ تَجْعَلُ فِيها مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيها وَ يَسْفِكُ الدِّماءَ فهو خلقك أن تكون في الأرض، يستقيم أن تكون في السماء؟!».

So the Angel said to him^-as, ‘O Adam^-as! I do not see you^-as except as having disobeyed your^-as Lord^-azwj, and you^-as carried upon yourself^-as what you^-as could not bear. Do you^-as know what Allah^-azwj Said to us regarding you^-as, so we responded upon Him^-azwj?’ He^-as said: ‘No’. He said, “I am going to Make a Caliph in the earth” [2:30]. We said, ‘Are You going to Make in it one who will make mischief therein and shed the blood. So it is your^-as people that would happen to be in the earth. Would it be correct if you^-as happen to be in the sky!’

فقال أبو عبد الله (عليه السلام): «و الله، [عزى‏] بها آدم ثلاثا».

So Abu Abdullah^-asws said: ‘By Allah^-azwj! He consoled Adam^-as with it for three (days)’’.[27]

 

VERSE  34

وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ أَبَىٰ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ وَكَانَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ {34}

And when We Said to the Angels: Perform Sajdah to Adam! So they (all) performed Sajdah except Iblees. He refused and was arrogant, and he was from the unbelievers [2:34]

قَالَ الْإِمَامُ ع‏ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: كَانَ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعاً إِذْ قُلْنا لِلْمَلائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ‏ أَيْ فِي ذَلِكَ الْوَقْتِ خَلَقَ لَكُمْ.

The Imam (Hassan Al-Askari^-asws) said: ‘Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Created for you all whatever is in the earth in its entirety.  [And when We Said to the Angels: Perform Sajdah to Adam! [2:34] i.e., during that time (everything was) Created for you.

قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى لَمَّا خَلَقَ آدَمَ، وَ سَوَّاهُ، وَ عَلَّمَهُ أَسْمَاءَ كُلِّ شَيْ‏ءٍ وَ عَرَضَهُمْ عَلَى الْمَلائِكَةِ، جَعَلَ مُحَمَّداً وَ عَلِيّاً وَ فَاطِمَةَ وَ الْحَسَنَ وَ الْحُسَيْنَ ع أَشْبَاحاً خَمْسَةً فِي ظَهْرِ آدَمَ، وَ كَانَتْ أَنْوَارُهُمْ تُضِي‏ءُ فِي الْآفَاقِ- مِنَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْحُجُبِ وَ الْجِنَانِ وَ الْكُرْسِيِّ وَ الْعَرْشِ،

He^-asws said: ‘Allah^-azwj The Exalted, when He^-azwj Created Adam^-as and Made him^-asws complete, and Informed him^-asws the names of all things and presented them to the Angels, Made Muhammad^-saww and Ali^-asws and (Syeda) Fatima^-asws and Al-Hassan^-asws and Al-Husayn^-asws as five resemblances in the back of Adam^-as, and it was so that their^-asws Lights were shining in the horizons of the skies, and the Veils, and the Gardens and the Chair, and the Throne.

فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الْمَلَائِكَةَ بِالسُّجُودِ لِآدَمَ، تَعْظِيماً لَهُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ فَضَّلَهُ بِأَنْ جَعَلَهُ وِعَاءً لِتِلْكَ الْأَشْبَاحِ- الَّتِي قَدْ عَمَّ أَنْوَارُهَا الْآفَاقَ.

So Allah^-azwj the Exalted Commanded the Angels with the Sajdah to Adam^-as as a reverence for him^-as, as he^-as had been Graced by him^-as having been made a receptacle for those resemblances the light of which had prevailed the horizons.

فَسَجَدُوا [لِآدَمَ‏] إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ أَبى‏ أَنْ يَتَوَاضَعَ لِجَلَالِ عَظَمَةِ اللَّهِ، وَ أَنْ يَتَوَاضَعَ لِأَنْوَارِنَا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ، وَ قَدْ تَوَاضَعَتْ لَهَا الْمَلَائِكَةُ كُلُّهَا وَ اسْتَكْبَرَ، وَ تَرَفَّعَ‏ وَ كانَ‏ بِإِبَائِهِ ذَلِكَ وَ تَكَبُّرِهِ‏ مِنَ الْكافِرِينَ‏.

So they performed Sajdah – to Adam^-as – except Iblees^-la. He^-la refused to be humble to the Majesty of the Magnificence of Allah^-azwj, and to humble to our^-asws Lights of the People^-asws of the Household, and the Angels had humbled to it, all of them, and he^-la was arrogant, and raised (considered himself^-la higher), and he^-la was, due to that refusal of his^-la and his arrogance, from the unbelievers.[28]

وَ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص [قَالَ:] قَالَ: يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ آدَمَ لَمَّا رَأَى النُّورَ سَاطِعاً مِنْ صُلْبِهِ، إِذْ كَانَ اللَّهُ قَدْ نَقَلَ أَشْبَاحَنَا مِنْ ذِرْوَةِ الْعَرْشِ إِلَى ظَهْرِهِ، رَأَى النُّورَ، وَ لَمْ يَتَبَيَّنِ‏ الْأَشْبَاحَ.

And Ali^-asws Bin Al-Husayn^-asws said: ‘My^-asws father^-asws narrated to me^-asws from his^-asws father^-asws, from Rasool-Allah^-saww having said: ‘O servants of Allah^-azwj! When Adam^-as saw the light shining from his^-as forehead, when Allah^-azwj had Transferred our^-asws resemblances from the peak of the Throne to his^-asws back, saw the light but could not clarify the resemblances.

فَقَالَ: يَا رَبِّ مَا هَذِهِ الْأَنْوَارُ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: أَنْوَارُ أَشْبَاحٍ- نَقَلْتُهُمْ مِنْ أَشْرَفِ بِقَاعِ عَرْشِي إِلَى ظَهْرِكَ- وَ لِذَلِكَ أَمَرْتُ الْمَلَائِكَةَ بِالسُّجُودِ لَكَ، إِذْ كُنْتَ وِعَاءً لِتِلْكَ الْأَشْبَاحِ.

So he^-as said: ‘O Lord! What are these lights?’  Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: ‘Lights of resemblances transferred from the most noble spot of My^-azwj Throne to your^-as forehead, and due to that I^-azwj Commanded the Angels with the Sajdah to you^-as, when you^-as happened to be a receptacle for those resemblances”.

فَقَالَ آدَمُ: يَا رَبِّ لَوْ بَيَّنْتَهَا لِي فَقَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: انْظُرْ يَا آدَمُ إِلَى ذِرْوَةِ الْعَرْشِ.

So Adam^-as said: ‘O Lord^-azwj! If only You^-azwj would Clarify these for me^-as?’ So Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: “Look, O Adam^-as, at the peak of the Throne!”

فَنَظَرَ آدَمُ، وَ وَقَعَ‏ نُورُ أَشْبَاحِنَا مِنْ‏ ظَهْرِ آدَمَ عَلَى ذِرْوَةِ الْعَرْشِ، فَانْطَبَعَ فِيهِ صُوَرُ أَنْوَارِ أَشْبَاحِنَا الَّتِي فِي ظَهْرِهِ- كَمَا يَنْطَبِعُ وَجْهُ الْإِنْسَانِ فِي الْمِرْآةِ الصَّافِيَةِ فَرَأَى أَشْبَاحَنَا. فَقَالَ: يَا رَبِّ مَا هَذِهِ الْأَشْبَاحُ

So Adam^-as looked, and the light of our^-asws resemblances fell from the forehead of Adam^-as to the peak of the Throne, and there became impressed in it the images of the lights of our^-asws resemblances which were in his^-as forehead, just as the face of the human being becomes impressed in a clear mirror. Thus, he^-as saw our^-asws resemblances, and he^-as said: ‘O Lord^-azwj! What are these resemblances?’

قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: يَا آدَمُ هَذِهِ أَشْبَاحُ أَفْضَلِ خَلَائِقِي وَ بَرِيَّاتِي: هَذَا مُحَمَّدٌ وَ أَنَا الْمَحْمُودُ الْحَمِيدُ فِي أَفْعَالِي، شَقَقْتُ لَهُ اسْماً مِنِ اسْمِي. وَ هَذَا عَلَيٌّ، وَ أَنَا الْعَلِيُّ الْعَظِيمُ، شَقَقْتُ لَهُ اسْماً مِنِ اسْمِي.

Allah^-azwj the Exalted Said: ‘O Adam^-as! These are the resemblances of the most superior of My^-azwj creation, and My^-azwj created beings – This is Muhammad^-saww, and I^-azwj am ‘Al-Mahmoud’ (The most-Praised One), the Praised in My^-azwj deeds. I^-saww Derives for him^-saww a name from My^-azwj Names. And this is Ali^-asws, and I^-azwj are the ‘Al-Ali Al-Azeem’ (The Exalted, the Magnificent). I^-azwj Derived for him^-asws a name from My^-azwj Names.

وَ هَذِهِ فَاطِمَةُ وَ أَنَا فَاطِرُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ، فَاطِمُ أَعْدَائِي عَنْ رَحْمَتِي يَوْمَ فَصْلِ قَضَائِي، وَ فَاطِمُ أَوْلِيَائِي عَمَّا يَعُرُّهُمْ وَ يُسِيئُهُمْ‏ فَشَقَقْتُ لَهَا اسْماً مِنِ اسْمِي.

And this is Fatima^-asws, and I^-azwj am the Originator (Fatir) of the skies and the earth. She^-asws will be separating My^-azwj enemies from My^-azwj Mercy on the Day of the Decision of My^-azwj Judgments, and she^-asws will be separating My^-azwj friends from whatever would disgrace them and is bad for them. So, I^-azwj Derived for her^-asws a name from My^-azwj Names.

وَ هَذَانِ الْحَسَنُ وَ الْحُسَيْنُ وَ أَنَا الْمُحْسِنُ [وَ] الْمُجْمِلُ- شَقَقْتُ اسْمَيْهِمَا مِنِ اسْمِي هَؤُلَاءِ خِيَارُ خَلِيقَتِي وَ كِرَامُ بَرِيَّتِي، بِهِمْ آخُذُ، وَ بِهِمْ أُعْطِي، وَ بِهِمْ أُعَاقِبُ، وَ بِهِمْ أُثِيبُ، فَتَوَسَّلْ إِلَيَّ بِهِمْ. يَا آدَمُ،

And these two are Al-Hassan^-asws and Al-Husayn^-asws, and I^-azwj am (Al-Mohsin) the overall Benefactor. I^-azwj Derived both their^-asws names from My^-azwj Name. They are the best of My^-azwj creation, the most prestigious of My^-azwj created beings. By them^-asws I^-azwj Take, and by them^-asws I^-azwj Give, and by them^-asws I^-azwj Punish, and by them^-asws I^-azwj Affirm, therefore use the Means to Me^-azwj by them^-asws, O Adam^-as!

وَ إِذَا دَهَتْكَ دَاهِيَةٌ، فَاجْعَلْهُمْ إِلَيَّ شُفَعَاءَكَ، فَإِنِّي آلَيْتُ عَلَى نَفْسِي قَسَماً حَقّاً [أَنْ‏] لَا أُخَيِّبَ بِهِمْ آمِلًا، وَ لَا أَرُدَّ بِهِمْ سَائِلًا. فَلِذَلِكَ حِينَ زَلَّتْ مِنْهُ الْخَطِيئَةُ، دَعَا اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِهِمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ وَ غَفَرَ لَهُ.

And whenever a disaster strikes you^-as, so make them^-asws as your^-as intercessors to Me^-azwj, for I^-azwj have Sworn upon Myself^-azwj a true vow that I^-azwj will not Disappoint a worker (approaching Me^-azwj) through them^-asws, nor will I^-azwj Reject a beggar (approaching Me^-azwj) through them^-asws!” So that is when erroneous slip was made from him^-as, he^-as supplicated to Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic by them^-asws, and He^-azwj Turned towards him^-saww, and Forgave him^-as.[29]

في عيون الاخبار عن الرضا عليه السلام حديث طويل وفيه. ان الله تبارك وتعالى خلق آدم فأودعنا صلبه وأمر الملئكة بالسجود له تعظيما لنا واكراما، وكان سجودهم لله تعالى عبودية، ولآدم اكراما وطاعة لكوننا في صلبه، فكيف لا نكون افضل من الملئكة وقد سجدوالآدم كلهم أجمعون.

In Uyoon Al Akhbaar

(It has been narrated) from Al-Reza^-asws in a lengthy Hadeeth, and in it: ‘Allah^-azwj Blessed and High Created Adam^-as and Deposited us^-asws in his^-as ‘Sulb’ and Commanded the Angels to with the Sajdah to him^-as, in respect for us^-asws and in honour. And it was so that their Sajdahs were for Allah^-azwj the Exalted in servitude, and to Adam^-as in honour and obedience as we^-asws happened to be in his^-as ‘Sulb’, therefore how can we^-asws not happen to be superior than the Angels, and they had performed Sajdah to Adam^-as, all of them together?’[30]

في كتاب كمال الدين وتمام النعمة باسناده إلى محمد بن الفضل عن أبى حمزة الثمالى

In the book Kamaal Al Deen Wa Tamaam Al Ne’mat by its chain going up to Muhammad Bin Fadhl from Abu Hamza Al Thumaly

عن ابى جعفر محمد بن على الباقر عليه السلام حديث طويل وفيه يقول عليه السلام بعدان ذكر وفاة آدم عليه السلام وهبة الله حتى إذا بلغ الصلوة عليه، قال هبة الله. يا جبرئيل تقدم فصل على آدم، فقال له جبرئيل عليه السلام. يا هبة الله ان الله امرنا ان نسجد لابيك في الجنة، فليس لنا ان نؤم احدا من ولده.

(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far Muhammad^-asws Bin Ali Al-Baqir^-asws, in a lengthy Hadeeth and in it he^-asws said after mentioning the expiry of Adam^-as, and when Hibatullah^-as (Adam^-as’s son) reached to pray Salat over him^-as, Hibatullah^-as said, ‘O Jibraeel^-as! Proceed and pray Salat upon Adam^-as’. So Jibraeel^-as said to him: ‘O Hibatullah^-as! Allah^-azwj Commanded us that we do Sajdah to your father^-as in the Paradise, so there isn’t for us that we lead anyone from his^-as children’’.[31]

محمد بن يعقوب: عن الحسين بن محمد، عن معلى بن محمد، عمن أخبره، عن علي بن جعفر، قال: سمعت أبا الحسن (عليه السلام) يقول: «لما رأى رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) تيما و عديا و بني أمية يركبون منبره‏ أفظعه ، فأنزل الله تبارك و تعالى قرآنا يتأسى به: وَ إِذْ قُلْنا لِلْمَلائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ أَبى. ثم أوحى إليه: يا محمد، إني أمرت فلم أطع، فلا تجزع أنت [إذا] أمرت فلم تطع في وصيك».

Muhammad bin Yaqoub from Al Husayn bin Muhammad from Ma’aly Bin Muhammad

From Ali son of Ja’far^-asws who said, ‘I heard Abu Al-Hassan^-asws saying: ‘When Rasool-Allah^-saww saw (the Clans of) Taym and Adayy, and the Clan of Umayya climbing upon his^-saww Pulpit, it outraged him^-saww. So Allah^-azwj Blessed and High Revealed Quran (Verse) as an example with it: And when We Said to the Angels: Perform Sajdah to Adam! So they (all) performed Sajdah except Iblees. He refused [2:34] Then He^-azwj Revealed unto him^-saww: “O Muhammad^-saww! I^-azwj Commanded and he^-la did not obey. Do not worry when you^-saww order and you^-saww are not obeyed regarding your^-saww Successor^-asws‘.[32]

أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَدِيدٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ قَالَ

Abu Ali Al-Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbaar, from Ali Bin Hadeed, from Jameel Bin Darraaj who said:

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ (عليه السلام) عَنْ إِبْلِيسَ أَ كَانَ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ أَمْ كَانَ يَلِي شَيْئاً مِنْ أَمْرِ السَّمَاءِ فَقَالَ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَلِي شَيْئاً مِنْ أَمْرِ السَّمَاءِ وَ لَا كَرَامَةَ

I asked Abu Abdullah^-asws about Iblees^-la, ‘Was he^-la from the Angels or was he^-la in charge of something from the matters of the sky?’ So he^-asws said: ‘He^-la was neither from the Angels, nor was he^-la in charge of anything from the matters of the sky, nor was he^-la honourable’.

فَأَتَيْتُ الطَّيَّارَ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِمَا سَمِعْتُ فَأَنْكَرَهُ وَ قَالَ وَ كَيْفَ لَا يَكُونُ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ وَ إِذْ قُلْنا لِلْمَلائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ

I came up to Al-Tayyaar, and I informed him of what I had heard. He denied it and said, ‘How can he^-la not be from the Angels and Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: And when We Said to the Angels: Perform Sajdah to Adam! So they (all) performed Sajdah except Iblees [2:34]

فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ الطَّيَّارُ فَسَأَلَهُ وَ أَنَا عِنْدَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ رَأَيْتَ قَوْلَهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا فِي غَيْرِ مَكَانٍ مِنْ مُخَاطَبَةِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَ يَدْخُلُ فِي هَذَا الْمُنَافِقُونَ قَالَ نَعَمْ يَدْخُلُ فِي هَذَا الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَ الضُّلَّالُ وَ كُلُّ مَنْ أَقَرَّ بِالدَّعْوَةِ الظَّاهِرَةِ.

So Al-Tayyaar went over to him^-asws, and he asked him^-asws while I was in his^-asws presence, ‘May I be sacrificed for you^-asws! What is your^-asws view of the Words of the Mighty and Majestic: O you those who believe [2:34], and in other places where the Momineen are addressed, are the hypocrites included in this?’ He^-asws said: ‘Yes, they are included in this, the hypocrites and the straying ones, and everyone who acknowledged with the call (to be a Muslim), apparently’’.[33]

عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنِ الْكُفْرِ وَ الشِّرْكِ أَيُّهُمَا أَقْدَمُ قَالَ فَقَالَ لِي مَا عَهْدِي بِكَ تُخَاصِمُ النَّاسَ قُلْتُ أَمَرَنِي هِشَامُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ أَنْ أَسْأَلَكَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لِي الْكُفْرُ أَقْدَمُ وَ هُوَ الْجُحُودُ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ أَبى وَ اسْتَكْبَرَ وَ كانَ مِنَ الْكافِرِينَ .

A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ali Bin Asbat, from Musa Bin Bukeyr who said,

‘I asked Abu Al-Hassan^-asws about the disbelief (Kufr) and the association (Shirk), which of the two was earlier?’ So he^-asws said to me: ‘I^-asws have not agreed with you to debate with the people’. I said, ‘Hisham Bin Salim instructed me that I ask you^-asws about that’. So he^-asws said to me: ‘The disbelief (Kufr) occurred earlier and it is the denial. Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said except for Iblees. He refused and was arrogant, and he was one of the unbelievers [2:34]’.[34]

و عنه: عن علي بن إبراهيم، عن هارون بن مسلم، عن مسعدة بن صدقة، قال:

And from him (Al Kulayni), from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Haroun Bin Muslim, from Mas’ada Bin Sadaqa who said,

سمعت أبا عبد الله (عليه السلام) و قد سئل عن الكفر و الشرك أيهما أقدم؟ فقال: «الكفر أقدم، و ذلك أن إبليس أول من كفر، و كان كفره غير شرك، لأنه لم يدع إلى عبادة غير الله، و إنما دعا إلى ذلك بعد فأشرك».

‘I heard Abu Abdullah^-asws and he^-asws had been asked about the disbelief (Kufr) and the Polytheism (Shirk), which one of these two preceded the other?’ So he^-asws said: ‘The disbelief proceeded, and that is because Iblees^-la was the first one to disbelieve. And his^-la disbelief was without Polytheism, because he^-la did not call to the worship of anyone other than Allah^-azwj. But rather, he^-la called to that afterwards, so he^-la associated’.[35]

علي بن إبراهيم، قال: حدثني أبي، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن جميل،

Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘My father narrated to me, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Jameel,

عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: سئل عما ندب الله الخلق إليه، أدخل فيه الضلال؟ قال: «نعم، و الكافرون دخلوا فيه، لأن الله تبارك و تعالى أمر الملائكة بالسجود لآدم ، فدخل في أمره الملائكة و إبليس فإن إبليس كان مع الملائكة في السماء يعبد الله، و كانت الملائكة تظن أنه منهم، و لم يكن منهم، فلما أمر الله الملائكة بالسجود لآدم، أخرج ما كان في قلب إبليس من الحسد، فعلمت الملائكة عند ذلك أن إبليس لم يكن منهم».

From Abu Abdullah^-asws, said, ‘He^-asws was asked about what Allah^-azwj Assigned the creatures to; are the straying ones are included in it?’ He^-asws said: ‘Yes, and the disbelievers are included in it, because Allah^-azwj Blessed and High Commanded the Angels for the Prostration to Adam^-as, and included in His^-azwj Command were the Angels and Iblees^-la, for Iblees^-la was with the Angels in the sky worshipping Allah^-azwj. And the Angels used to think that he^-la was from them, but he^-la was not from them. So when Allah^-azwj Commanded the Angels for the Sajdah to Adam^-as, whatever envy was in the heart of Iblees^-la came out. So the Angels knew, during that, that Iblees^-la did not happen to be from them’.

فقيل له (عليه السلام): كيف وقع الأمر على إبليس، و إنما أمر الله الملائكة بالسجود لآدم؟! فقال: «كان إبليس منهم بالولاء، و لم يكن من جنس الملائكة، و ذلك أن الله خلق خلقا قبل آدم، و كان إبليس  حاكما في الأرض، فعتوا و أفسدوا و سفكوا الدماء، فبعث الله الملائكة فقتلوهم، و أسروا إبليس و رفعوه‏ إلى السماء، فكان مع الملائكة يعبد الله إلى أن خلق الله تبارك و تعالى آدم».

So it was said him^-asws, ‘How did the Command become applicable upon Iblees^-la, and Allah^-azwj had Commanded the Angels for the Sajdah to Adam^-as?’ So he^-asws said: ‘Iblees^-la was among them by the fidelity, and he^-la was not from the species of the Angels. And that Allah^-azwj Created creatures before Adam^-as, and Iblees^-la was a ruler on the earth, and he^-la was tyrannous and spread corruption, and shed the blood. So Allah^-azwj Sent the Angels, so they killed them, and captivated Iblees^-la and raised him^-la up to the sky. Thus, he^-la was with the Angels worshipping Allah^-azwj until Allah^-azwj Blessed and High Created Adam^-as’.[36]

محمد بن يعقوب: عن علي بن إبراهيم، عن أبيه، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن جميل، قال:

Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Jameel who said,

كان الطيار يقول لي: إبليس ليس من الملائكة، و إنما أمرت الملائكة بالسجود لآدم، فقال إبليس: لا أسجد، فما لإبليس يعصي حين لم يسجد، و ليس هو من الملائكة؟!

Al-Tayar was saying to me, ‘Iblees^-la wasn’t from the Angels, and rather the Angels were Commanded with the Sajdahs to Adam^-as, therefore Iblees^-la said, ‘I^-la will not do Sajdah’. Thus, what is the disobedience of Iblees^-la when he^-la did not do Sajdah, as he^-la wasn’t from the Angels?’

قال: فدخلت أنا و هو على أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: فأحسن و الله في المسألة فقال: جعلت فداك [أ رأيت‏] ما ندب الله عز و جل إليه المؤمنين من قوله: يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا  أدخل في ذلك المنافقون‏ معهم؟ قال: «نعم، و الضلال و كل من أقر بالدعوة الظاهرة، و كان إبليس ممن أقر بالدعوة الظاهرة معهم.

(The narrator) said, ‘I and he went over to Abu Abdullah^-asws, said, ‘By Allah^-azwj, he was good with the questioning’. So he said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you^-asws! What do you^-asws think of what Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Assigned to the Momineen from His^-azwj Words O you who believe! [2:104]. And included in that are the hypocrites along with them?’ He^-asws said: ‘And the straying ones, and everyone who accepted the Call apparently, and Iblees^-la was from the ones who accepted the Call apparently along with them’.[37]

و عن الإمام أبي محمد الحسن العسكري (عليه السلام)، قال: «قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) لما عرف الله ملائكته فضل خيار أمة محمد (صلى الله عليه و آله) و شيعة علي (عليه السلام) و خلفائه (عليهم السلام)، و احتمالهم في جنب محبة ربهم ما لا تحتمله الملائكة، أبان بني آدم الخيار المتقين بالفضل عليهم. ثم قال: فلذلك فاسجدوا لآدم لما كان مشتملا على أنوار هذه الخلائق الأفضلين.

And from Imam Abu Muhammad Al-Hassan Al-Askari^-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘When Allah^-azwj had Introduced His^-azwj Angels to the merits of the best of the community of Muhammad^-saww and the Shias of Ali^-asws and His^-azwj Caliphs, and their bearing the Love of their Lord^-azwj which the Angels had not borne, it became clear that the children of Adam^-as, the best of the pious ones are with the merits over them. Then He^-azwj Said: “Therefore, due to that, do Sajdah to Adam^-as due to him^-as containing the lights of these meritorious creatures.

وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ سُجُودُهُمْ لِآدَمَ، إِنَّمَا كَانَ آدَمُ قِبْلَةً لَهُمْ- يَسْجُدُونَ نَحْوَهُ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ، وَ كَانَ‏ بِذَلِكَ مُعَظَّماً مُبَجَّلًا لَهُ، وَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَسْجُدَ (لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ دُونِ) اللَّهِ، وَ يَخْضَعَ لَهُ كَخُضُوعِهِ لِلَّهِ، وَ يُعَظِّمَهُ- بِالسُّجُودِ لَهُ- كَتَعْظِيمِهِ لِلَّهِ،

And their Sajdahs did not happen to be for Adam^-as. But rather, Adam^-as was a direction for them to be performing Sajdah for Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic. And he^-as was, due to that, revered, dignified, and it is not befitting for anyone that he performs Sajdah to anyone from besides Allah^-azwj, humbling to him as humbling to Allah^-azwj, and revering him with the Sajdahs to him like the revering to Allah^-azwj.

وَ لَوْ أَمَرْتُ‏ أَحَداً أَنْ يَسْجُدَ [هَكَذَا] لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ، لَأَمَرْتُ ضُعَفَاءَ شِيعَتِنَا وَ سَائِرَ الْمُكَلَّفِينَ مِنْ شِيعَتِنَا أَنْ يَسْجُدُوا لِمَنْ تَوَسَّطَ فِي عُلُومِ عَلِيٍّ وَصِيِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، وَ مَحَضَ وِدَادَ خَيْرِ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ عَلِيٍّ بَعْدَ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، وَ احْتَمَلَ الْمَكَارِهَ وَ الْبَلَايَا فِي التَّصْرِيحِ بِإِظْهَارِ حُقُوقِ اللَّهِ، وَ لَمْ (يُنْكِرْ عَلَيَّ) حَقّاً أَرْقُبُهُ عَلَيْهِ‏ قَدْ كَانَ جَهِلَهُ أَوْ أَغْفَلَهُ.

And if I^-asws was to order anyone that he does Sajdah like this to other than Allah^-azwj, I^-asws would have ordered the weak ones of our^-asws Shias and the rest of the encumbered ones from our^-asws Shias that they do Sajdah to the one who is a go-between regarding the knowledges of the successors^-asws of Rasool-Allah^-saww, and the sincere cordiality of the best of the creatures of Allah^-azwj, Ali^-asws, after Muhammad^-saww Rasool^-saww of Allah^-azwj, and endure the abhorrence’s and the afflictions during the declarations along with the manifesting the right of Allah^-azwj, and does not deny the rights of Ali^-asws having ridden upon it, whether he has been ignorant of it or heedless.

ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص: عَصَى اللَّهَ إِبْلِيسُ، فَهَلَكَ لِمَا كَانَ مَعْصِيَتُهُ بِالْكِبْرِ عَلَى آدَمَ وَ عَصَى اللَّهَ آدَمُ بِأَكْلِ الشَّجَرَةِ، فَسَلِمَ وَ لَمْ يَهْلِكْ لِمَا لَمْ يُقَارِنْ بِمَعْصِيَتِهِ التَّكَبُّرَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ، وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَالَ لَهُ: «يَا آدَمُ عَصَانِي فِيكَ إِبْلِيسُ، وَ تَكَبَّرَ عَلَيْكَ فَهَلَكَ، وَ لَوْ تَوَاضَعَ لَكَ بِأَمْرِي، وَ عَظَّمَ عِزَّ جَلَالِي لَأَفْلَحَ كُلَّ الْفَلَاحِ كَمَا أَفْلَحْتَ،

Then, Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘Iblees^-la disobeyed Allah^-azwj and was destroyed as a result of his^-la disobedience by arrogance over Adam^-as. And Adam^-as disobeyed Allah^-azwj by eating from the tree, but was safe and did not get destroyed because his^-as disobedience was not paired with arrogance over Muhammad^-saww and his^-saww goodly Progeny^-asws and that is because Allah^-azwj the Exalted Said to him^-as: “O Adam^-as! Iblees^-la disobeyed My^-azwj Order regarding you^-as, and was arrogant to you, so was destroyed. Had he^-la accepted your^-as reverence as per My^-azwj Command, and respected My^-azwj Greatness and Majesty, he^-la also would have been succeeded with every success just as you^-as succeeded.

وَ أَنْتَ عَصَيْتَنِي بِأَكْلِ الشَّجَرَةِ، وَ بِالتَّوَاضُعِ لِمُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ تُفْلِحُ كُلَّ الْفَلَاحِ، وَ تَزُولُ عَنْكَ وَصْمَةُ الذِّلَّةِ فَادْعُنِي بِمُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ لِذَلِكَ». فَدَعَا بِهِمْ، فَأَفْلَحَ كُلَّ الْفَلَاحِ- لِمَا تُمْسِكُ بِعُرْوَتِنَا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ.

And you^-as disobeyed Me^-azwj by eating from the tree, and with the reverence to Muhammad^-saww and the Progeny^-asws of Muhammad^-saww, you^-as succeeded with every success, and the stigma of your^-as humiliation declined from you^-as. Therefore supplicate to Me^-azwj by Muhammad^-saww and his^-saww goodly Progeny^-asws for that”. So he^-as supplicated by them^-asws, and he^-as succeeded with every success due to his^-as attachment with our^-asws handle, the People^-asws of the Household’’.[38]

 

VERSE 35

وَقُلْنَا يَا آدَمُ اسْكُنْ أَنْتَ وَزَوْجُكَ الْجَنَّةَ وَكُلَا مِنْهَا رَغَدًا حَيْثُ شِئْتُمَا وَلَا تَقْرَبَا هَٰذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ فَتَكُونَا مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ {35}

And We said: O Adam! You and your wife dwell in the Garden and eat from it a plenteous (food) wherever you two wish to and do not approach this tree, for then you will become of the unjust [2:35]

قَالَ الْإِمَامُ ع‏ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَمَّا لَعَنَ إِبْلِيسَ بِإِبَائِهِ، وَ أَكْرَمَ الْمَلَائِكَةَ بِسُجُودِهَا لِآدَمَ، وَ طَاعَتِهِمْ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَمَرَ بِآدَمَ وَ حَوَّاءَ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَ قَالَ: يا آدَمُ اسْكُنْ أَنْتَ وَ زَوْجُكَ الْجَنَّةَ وَ كُلا مِنْها مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ رَغَداً وَاسِعاً حَيْثُ شِئْتُما بِلَا تَعَبٍ.

The Imam (Hassan Al-Askari^-asws) said: ‘When Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Cursed Iblees^-la for his refusal and Honoured the Angels for their Sajdah to Adam^-as and their obedience to Allah^-azwj, the Mighty and Majestic Commanded Adam^-as and Eve^-as to go to the Garden and Said And We said: O Adam! You and your wife dwell in the Garden and eat from it from the Garden a plenteous (food) Wide variety wherever you two wish to without tiredness.

[الشَّجَرَةُ الَّتِي نَهَى اللَّهُ عَنْهَا، وَ أَنَّهَا شَجَرَةُ عِلْمِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص:] وَ لا تَقْرَبا هذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ [شَجَرَةَ الْعِلْمِ‏] شَجَرَةَ عِلْمِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص الَّذِينَ آثَرَهُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِهَا دُونَ سَائِرِ خَلْقِهِ.

The tree which Allah^-azwj Prohibited them from was the tree of the knowledge of Muhammad^-saww : – and do not approach this tree. The tree of knowledge – The tree of knowledge of Muhammad^-saww and his^-saww Progeny^-asws which Allah^-azwj had kept it exclusively for them^-asws besides the rest His^-azwj creatures.

فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَ لا تَقْرَبا هذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ شَجَرَةَ الْعِلْمِ فَإِنَّهَا لِمُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ خَاصَّةً دُونَ غَيْرِهِمْ، وَ لَا يَتَنَاوَلُ مِنْهَا بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ إِلَّا هُمْ، وَ مِنْهَا مَا كَانَ يَتَنَاوَلُهُ النَّبِيُّ ص وَ عَلِيٌّ وَ فَاطِمَةُ وَ الْحَسَنُ وَ الْحُسَيْنُ‏ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ أَجْمَعِينَ- بَعْدَ إِطْعَامِهِمُ الْمِسْكِينَ وَ الْيَتِيمَ وَ الْأَسِيرَ- حَتَّى لَمْ يُحِسُّوا بَعْدُ بِجُوعٍ وَ لَا عَطَشٍ وَ لَا تَعَبٍ وَ لَا نَصَبٍ.

Allah^-azwj the Exalted Said: and do not approach this tree – the tree of knowledge,  as it is for Muhammad^-saww and his^-saww Progeny^-asws in particular besides the others, nobody can take from this by the Command of Allah^-azwj except for them^-asws. And there had taken from it, the Prophet^-saww and Ali^-asws and Fatima^-asws and Al-Hassan^-asws and Al-Husayn^-asws Salawat be upon all of them^-asws after their^-asws feeding the poor and the orphan and the captive until they were never bothered with hunger any more nor thirst nor fatigue nor difficulty.

وَ هِيَ شَجَرَةٌ تَمَيَّزَتْ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَشْجَارِ الْجَنَّةِ. إِنَّ سَائِرَ أَشْجَارِ الْجَنَّةِ [كَانَ‏] كُلُّ نَوْعٍ مِنْهَا يَحْمِلُ نَوْعاً مِنَ الثِّمَارِ وَ الْمَأْكُولِ‏ وَ كَانَتْ هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةُ وَ جِنْسُهَا تَحْمِلُ الْبُرَّ- وَ الْعِنَبَ وَ التِّينَ وَ الْعُنَّابَ- وَ سَائِرَ أَنْوَاعِ الثِّمَارِ وَ الْفَوَاكِهِ وَ الْأَطْعِمَةِ. فَلِذَلِكَ اخْتَلَفَ الْحَاكُونَ لِتِلْكَ‏ الشَّجَرَةِ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: هِيَ بُرَّةٌ. وَ قَالَ آخَرُونَ: هِيَ عِنَبَةٌ. وَ قَالَ آخَرُونَ: هِيَ تِينَةٌ. وَ قَالَ آخَرُونَ: هِيَ عُنَّابَةٌ.

This tree is distinguished from between the (other) trees of Paradise. The rest of the trees of Paradise each bear one type of fruit and edibles whilst this tree bears the wheat, and the grapes, and the figs, and the jujube berries, and rest of the varieties of the fruits and berries and edibles. This is where relaters differed with regards to this tree. So some of them said, ‘It is of wheat’, and the others said, ‘It is of grapes’, and the others said, ‘It is of figs’, and the others said, ‘It is of berries’.

قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَ لا تَقْرَبا هذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ تَلْتَمِسَانِ بِذَلِكَ دَرَجَةَ مُحَمَّدٍ [وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ] فِي‏ فَضْلِهِمْ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى خَصَّهُمْ بِهَذِهِ الدَّرَجَةِ دُونَ غَيْرِهِمْ، وَ هِيَ الشَّجَرَةُ الَّتِي مَنْ تَنَاوَلَ مِنْهَا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- أُلْهِمَ عِلْمَ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَ الْآخِرِينَ مِنْ غَيْرِ تَعَلُّمٍ، وَ مَنْ تَنَاوَلَ [مِنْهَا] بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ اللَّهِ- خَابَ مِنْ مُرَادِهِ وَ عَصَى رَبَّهُ‏ فَتَكُونا مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ‏ بِمَعْصِيَتِكُمَا وَ الْتِمَاسِكُمَا دَرَجَةً قَدْ أُوثِرَ بِهَا غَيْرُكُمَا- إِذَا أَرَدْتُمَاهَا بِغَيْرِ حُكْمِ اللَّهِ‏.

Allah^-azwj Said: And do not approach this tree – seeking by that the rank of Muhammad^-saww and the Progeny^-asws of Muhammad^-saww regarding their merits, for Allah^-azwj that Exalted has particularised them with this rank besides the others and this tree is the tree that they^-asws eat from by the Permission of Allah^-azwj the Almighty, get inspired with the knowledge of the former ones and the latter ones without being taught; and the one who takes from it without the Permission of Allah^-azwj would lose from his intended purpose and would have disobeyed his Lord. For then you will become of the unjust – by your disobedience and your seeking the rank which has been exclusively allocated for others, just as when you both intend it without the Decision of Allah^-azwj.[39]

و عنه، قال: حدثنا تميم بن عبد الله بن تميم القرشي (رضي الله عنه)، قال: حدثني أبي، عن حمدان بن سليمان النيسابوري، عن علي بن محمد بن الجهم، قال: حضرت مجلس المأمون و عنده الرضا علي بن موسى (عليهما السلام)، فقال له المأمون: يا بن رسول الله، أليس من قولك أن الأنبياء معصومون؟ قال: «بلى». قال: فما تقول في قول الله عز و جل: وَ عَصى آدَمُ رَبَّهُ فَغَوى؟

And from him (Ibn Babuwayh), from Tameem Bin Abdullah Bin Tameem Al Qarshy, from his father, from Hamdaan Bin Suleyman Al Neshapoury, from Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Al Jaham who said,

‘I was present at a gathering of Al-Mamoun, and in his presence was Al-Reza Ali^-asws Bin Musa^-asws. So Al-Mamoun said to him^-asws, ‘O son^-asws of Rasool-Allah^-saww! Is it not from your^-asws speech that the Prophets^-as are infallible?’ He^-asws said: ‘Yes’. He said, ‘So what are you^-asws with regards to the Words of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic and Adam disobeyed his Lord, so he strayed [20:121]?’

قال (عليه السلام): «إن الله تعالى قال لآدم (عليه السلام): اسْكُنْ أَنْتَ وَ زَوْجُكَ الْجَنَّةَ وَ كُلا مِنْها رَغَداً حَيْثُ شِئْتُما وَ لا تَقْرَبا هذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ و أشار لهما إلى شجرة الحنطة فَتَكُونا مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ، و لم يقل لهما لا تأكلا من هذه الشجرة و لا مما كان من جنسها، فلم يقربا تلك الشجرة، و لم يأكلا منها، و إنما أكلا من غيرها

He^-asws said: ‘Allah^-azwj the High Said to Adam^-as: And We said: O Adam! You and your wife dwell in the Garden and eat from it a plenteous (food) wherever you two wish to and do not approach this tree, and Indicated to them^-as the wheat tree for then you will become of the unjust. And He^-azwj did not Say to them: “Do not eat from this tree, nor from what was from its species”. So they^-as did not go near that tree, and did not eat from it. But rather, they^-as ate from other (trees)’.

لما أن وسوس الشيطان إليهما، و قال: ما نَهاكُما رَبُّكُما عَنْ هذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ، و إنما نهاكما عن ان تقربا غيرها، و لم ينهكما عن الأكل منها إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونا مَلَكَيْنِ أَوْ تَكُونا مِنَ الْخالِدِينَ وَ قاسَمَهُما إِنِّي لَكُما لَمِنَ النَّاصِحِينَ، و لم يكن آدم و حواء شاهدا قبل ذلك من يحلف بالله كاذبا فَدَلَّاهُما بِغُرُورٍ، فأكلا منها ثقة بيمينه بالله،

When the Satan^-la whispered to them both^-as and said Your Lord has not Forbidden you about this tree [7:20] but rather He^-azwj has Forbidden you^-as from going near to some other tree, and did not Forbid you^-as from eating from it except that you may not both become two Angels or that you may (not) become of the immortals [7:20] And he swore to them both: Most surely I am a sincere adviser to you [7:21]. And Adam^-as and Hawwa^-as had not witnessed before that anyone who would swear falsely by Allah^-azwj so he pointed to them by deceit [7:22]. So their^-as eating from it (was as a result of) reliance upon his^-la loathing/hostility with Allah^-azwj.

و كان ذلك من آدم (عليه السلام) قبل النبوة، و لم يكن ذلك بذنب كبير يستحق به دخول النار، و إنما كان من الصغائر الموهوبة التي تجوز على الأنبياء قبل نزول الوحي عليهم، فلما اجتباه الله تعالى و جعله نبيا كان معصوما لا يذنب صغيرة و لا كبيرة،

And that was from Adam^-as before the Prophet-hood, and it was not a major sin deserving of entry into the Fire. But rather, it was from the minor ones Permissible ones which are allowable upon the Prophets^-as before the descent of the Revelation upon them^-as. So when Allah^-azwj the High Chose him^-as and Made him^-as a Prophet^-as, he^-as was infallible with neither a minor nor a major sin to him^-as.

قال الله عز و جل: وَ عَصى آدَمُ رَبَّهُ فَغَوى ثُمَّ اجْتَباهُ رَبُّهُ فَتابَ عَلَيْهِ وَ هَدى و قال عز و جل: إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفى آدَمَ وَ نُوحاً وَ آلَ إِبْراهِيمَ وَ آلَ عِمْرانَ عَلَى الْعالَمِينَ».

Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said:  And Adam disobeyed his Lord, so he strayed [20:121] Then his Lord Chose him, so He Turned to him and Guided (him) [20:122]. And He^-azwj Said: Surely Allah chose Adam and Noah and the descendants of Ibrahim and the descendants of Imran above the nations [3:33]’.[40]

في كتاب علل الشرايع حدثنا محمد بن الحسن (ره) قال: حدثنا محمد ابن الحسن الصفار عن ابراهيم بن هاشم عن عثمان عن الحسن بن بشار عن أبى عبد الله عليه السلام قال: سألته عن جنة آدم ؟ فقال جنة من جنان الدنيا، يطلع عليها الشمس و القمر، ولو كانت من جنان الخلد ما خرج منها أبدا.

In the book Illal Al Sharaie It has been narrated by Muhammad Bin Al Hassan from Al Saffar from Ibrahim Bin Hashim from Uthman from Al Hassan Bin Bashaar,

(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah^-asws, I asked him^-asws about the Garden of Adam^-as, so he^-asws said: ‘A garden from the gardens of the world. The sun emerged upon it and the moon, and had it been from the gardens of eternity, they^-as would not have come out from it, ever!’’.[41]

ابن بابويه، قال: حدثنا أبي، و محمد بن الحسن، قالا: حدثنا سعد بن عبد الله، و عبد الله بن جعفر الحميري، قالا: حدثنا أحمد بن محمد بن عيسى، و أحمد بن أبي عبد الله البرقي، و محمد بن الحسين بن أبي الخطاب، قالوا: حدثنا الحسن بن محبوب، عن محمد بن إسحاق،

Ibn Babuwayh said, ‘My father narrated to me, and Muhammad Bin Al Hassan, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, and Abdullah Bin Ja’far Al Humeyri, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, and Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah Al Barq, and Muhammad Bin Al Husayn Bin Abu Al Khataab, from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Muhammad Bin Is’haq,

عن أبي جعفر محمد بن علي، عن آبائه (عليهم السلام)، عن علي (عليه السلام)، عن رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، قال: «إنما كان لبث آدم و حواء في الجنة حتى أخرجا منها سبع ساعات من أيام الدنيا حتى أهبطهما الله من يومهما ذلك».

(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far Muhammad Bin Ali^-asws, from his^-asws forefathers^-asws, from Ali^-asws, from Rasool-Allah^-saww having said: ‘But rather, Adam^-as and Hawwa^-as remained in the Paradise until they were Exited from it, for seven hours from the days of the world, until Allah^-azwj Made them to descend from that very day’.[42]

ابن بابويه، قال: حدثنا أحمد بن محمد بن الهيثم العجلي (رضي الله عنه)، قال: حدثنا أبو العباس أحمد بن يحيى بن زكريا القطان، قال: حدثنا أبو محمد بكر بن عبد الله بن حبيب، قال: حدثنا تميم بن بهلول، عن أبيه، عن محمد بن سنان، عن المفضل بن عمر، قال:

Ibn Babuwayh, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Al-Haysam Al-Ajaly, from Abu Al-Abbas Ahmad Bin Yahya Bin Zakariyya Al-Qataan, from Abu Muhammad Bakr Bin Abdullah Bin Habeeb, from Tameem Bin Bahlool, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Al-Mufazzal Bin umar who said,

قال أبو عبد الله (عليه السلام): «إن الله تبارك و تعالى خلق الأرواح قبل الأجساد بألفي عام، فجعل أعلاها و أشرفها أرواح محمد، و علي، و فاطمة، و الحسن، و الحسين، و الأئمة بعدهم (صلوات الله عليهم)، فعرضها على السماوات، و الأرض، و الجبال، فغشيها نورهم.

‘Abu Abdullah^-asws said: ‘Allah^-azwj Blessed and High Created the souls before the bodies by two thousand years. So, He^-azwj Made the highest of these and the noblest of these to be the souls of Muhammad^-saww, and Ali^-asws, and Fatima^-asws, and Al-Hassan^-asws, and Al-Husayn^-asws, and the Imams^-asws after them^-asws. So He^-azwj Presented these (souls) to the skies, and the earth, and the mountains, and they were overwhelmed by their^-asws Noor (Light)’.

فقال الله تبارك و تعالى للسماوات و الأرض و الجبال: هؤلاء أحبائي، و أوليائي، و حججي على خلقي، و أئمة بريتي، ما خلقت خلقا أحب إلي منهم، لهم و لمن تولاهم خلقت جنتي،

So Allah^-azwj Blessed and High Said to the skies, and the earth, and the mountains: ‘‘These^-asws are My^-azwj Beloved, and My^-azwj Guardians, and My^-azwj Divine Authorities upon My^-azwj creatures, and the Imams^-asws of My^-azwj created beings. I^-azwj have not Created a creation more Beloved to Me^-azwj than them^-asws. It is for them^-asws and the ones that love them^-asws that I^-azwj Created My^-azwj Paradise.

و لمن خالفهم و عاداهم خلقت ناري، فمن ادعى منزلتهم مني، و محلهم من عظمتي عذبته عذابا أليما لا أعذبه أحدا من العالمين، و جعلته مع المشركين في أسفل درك من ناري،

And for the ones who oppose them^-asws, I^-azwj Created My^-azwj Fire. So the one who claims their^-asws status from Me^-azwj, and their Place from My^-azwj Greatness, I^-azwj will Punish him with such a grievous Punishment, that I^-azwj will not Punish anyone else from the Worlds, and Make him to be with the Polytheists in the lowest Level of My^-azwj Fire.

و من أقر بولايتهم، و لم يدع منزلتهم مني و مكانهم من عظمتي جعلته معهم في روضات جناتي، و كان لهم فيها ما يشاءون عندي، و أبحتهم كرامتي، و أحللتهم جواري، و شفعتهم في المذنبين من عبادي و إمائي،

And the one who acknowledges with their^-as Wilayah and does not claim their^-asws status from Me^-azwj, and their^-asws Position from My^-azwj Magnificence, I^-azwj shall Make him to be with them^-asws in the Gardens of My^-azwj Paradise, and there would be for them therein whatever they would desire with Me^-azwj. And, I^-azwj shall Endow them My^-azwj Benevolence, and Permit them My^-azwj vicinity, and allow their intercession regarding the sinners from My^-azwj servants and maids.

فولايتهم أمانة  عند خلقي، فأيكم يحملها بأثقالها، و يدعيها لنفسه دون خيرتي؟ فأبت السماوات و الأرض و الجبال أن يحملنها، و أشفقن من ادعاء منزلتها، و تمني محلها من عظمة ربها،

Thus, their^-asws Wilayah is an entrustment with My^-azwj creatures, therefore which of you would bear it with its heaviness, and claim it for himself besides My^-azwj Chosen ones^-asws?” But the skies, and the earth, and the mountains refused to bear it, and feared from claiming its status, and wishing for its place from the Greatness of their Lord^-azwj.

فلما أسكن الله عز و جل آدم و زوجته الجنة، و قال لهما: وَ كُلا مِنْها رَغَداً حَيْثُ شِئْتُما وَ لا تَقْرَبا هذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ يعني شجرة الحنطة فَتَكُونا مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ.

So, when Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Settled Adam^-as and his^-as wife in the Paradise, and He^-azwj Said to them^-as and eat from it a plenteous (food) wherever you wish, but do not approach this tree. Meaning the tree of wheat for then you would become of the unjust [2:35]’.

فنظرا إلى منزلة محمد، و علي، و فاطمة، و الحسن، و الحسين، و الأئمة بعدهم (صلوات الله عليهم)، فوجداها أشرف منازل الجنة، فقالا: يا ربنا، لمن هذه المنزلة؟ فقال الله جل جلاله: ارفعا رءوسكما إلى ساق عرشي. فرفعا رؤوسهما، فوجدا اسم محمد، و علي، و فاطمة، و الحسن، و الحسين، و الأئمة بعدهم (صلوات الله عليهم) مكتوبة على ساق العرش بنور من نور الجبار جل جلاله،

So they^-as looked at the status of Muhammad^-saww, and Ali^-asws, and (Syeda) Fatima^-asws, and Al-Hassan^-asws, and Al-Husayn^-asws, and the Imams^-asws after them^-asws, and they^-as found them^-asws to be of the noblest status in the Paradise. So they^-as said: ‘O our^-as Lord^-azwj! For whom is this Status?’ So Allah^-azwj Majestic is His^-azwj Majesty, Said: ‘‘Raise your^-as heads towards the Leg of the Throne!’‘ So they^-as raised their^-as heads, and found the names of Muhammad^-saww, and Ali^-asws, and (Syeda) Fatima^-asws, and Al-Hassan^-asws, and Al-Husayn^-asws, and the Imams^-asws after them^-asws, Inscribed upon the Leg of the Throne by a Light from the Light of the Compeller, Majestic is His^-azwj Majesty.

فقالا: يا ربنا، ما أكرم أهل هذه المنزلة عليك، و ما أحبهم إليك، و ما أشرفهم لديك؟ فقال الله جل جلاله: لولاهم ما خلقتكما، هؤلاء خزنة علمي، و امنائي على سري، إياكما أن تنظرا إليهم بعين الحسد، و تتمنيا منزلتهم عندي و محلهم من كرامتي، فتدخلا بذلك في نهيي و عصياني، فتكونا من الظالمين.

So they^-as said: ‘O our^-as Lord^-azwj! How (much) prestigious are the people of this status to You^-azwj, and how (much) Beloved they^-asws are to You^-azwj, and how (much) You^-azwj have Ennobled them^-asws?’ So Allah^-azwj Majestic is His^-azwj Majesty, Said: ‘‘Had it not been for them^-asws, I^-azwj would not have Created the two of you^-as. They^-asws are the Treasurers of My^-azwj Knowledge, and Trustees of My^-azwj Secrets. Beware of looking at them with the envious eye, and coveting their^-asws status with Me^-azwj, and their^-asws Places from My^-azwj Prestige, for the two of you^-as would enter into My^-azwj Prohibitions, and disobedience to Me^-azwj. For then you would become of the unjust’.

قالا: ربنا، و من الظالمون؟ قال: المدعون منزلتهم بغير حق. قالا: ربنا، فأرنا منازل ظالميهم في نارك، حتى نراها كما رأينا منزلتهم في جنتك.

They^-as said: ‘Our^-as Lord^-azwj! And who are the unjust ones?’ He^-azwj Said: ‘‘The claimants of their^-asws statuses without right’. They^-as said: ‘Our^-as Lord^-azwj! Show to us^-as the status of the ones who are unjust to them^-asws, in Your^-azwj Fire, until we^-as see it just as we^-as are seeing their^-asws status in Your^-azwj Paradise’.

فأمر الله تبارك و تعالى النار فأبرزت جميع ما فيها من ألوان النكال و العذاب، و قال عز و جل: مكان الظالمين‏ لهم، المدعين لمنزلتهم في أسفل درك منها، كلما أرادوا أن يخرجوا منها أعيدوا فيها، و كلما نضجت جلودهم بدلوا سواها ليذوقوا العذاب.

So Allah^-azwj Blessed and High Commanded the Fire, so it highlighted all of what was in it from the types of Tortures and Punishments. And the Mighty and Majestic Said: ‘‘The place for those who are unjust to them^-asws, the claimants for their^-asws status, is in the lowest Level from it. Every time they intend to exit from it, they would be returned to be in it. And every time their skins peel off, it would be replaced by a new one for tasting the Punishment.

يا آدم، و يا حواء، لا تنظرا إلى أنواري و حججي بعين الحسد فاهبطكما من جواري، و أحل بكما هواني.

O Adam^-as, and O Hawwa^-as! Do not look at My^-azwj Lights, and My^-azwj Divine Authorities with the envious eye, for I^-azwj will Cause the two of you^-as to descend from My^-azwj Nearness, and Permit for the two of you^-as, the disgrace from Me^-azwj’‘.

فوسوس لهما الشيطان ليبدي لهما ما ووري عنهما من سوآتهما، و قال: ما نهاكما ربكما عن هذه الشجرة إلا أن تكونا ملكين، أو تكونا من الخالدين، و قاسمهما إني لكما لمن الناصحين، فدلاهما بغرور، و حملهما على تمني منزلتهم، فنظرا إليهم بعين الحسد،

But the Satan^-la whispered to the two of them^-as, to show to them^-as what was hidden to them^-as from their^-as private parts, and said: Your Lord has not forbidden you this tree except that you may not both become two Angels or that you may (not) become of the immortals [7:20]. And he^-la swore to both of them^-as that he^-la was from the (sincere) advisers to both of them^-as. So he^-la indicated to both of them^-as by deception, and carried them^-as upon the wishing for their^-asws status. So they^-as looked towards them^-asws with the envious eye.

فخذلا حتى أكلا من شجرة الحنطة، فعاد مكان ما أكلا شعيرا- فأصل الحنطة كلها مما لم يأكلاه، و أصل الشعير كله مما عاد مكان ما أكلاه-

They^-as betrayed to the extent that they^-as ate from the wheat tree, so it returned the place of what they^-as ate from the barley – and the original wheat, all of it was from what they^-as did not eat, and the original barley, all of it was from what was in place what they^-as did eat.

فلما أكلا من الشجرة طار الحلي و الحلل عن أجسادهما، و بقيا عريانين وَ طَفِقا يَخْصِفانِ عَلَيْهِما مِنْ وَرَقِ الْجَنَّةِ وَ ناداهُما رَبُّهُما أَ لَمْ أَنْهَكُما عَنْ تِلْكُمَا الشَّجَرَةِ وَ أَقُلْ لَكُما إِنَّ الشَّيْطانَ لَكُما عَدُوٌّ مُبِينٌ قالا رَبَّنا ظَلَمْنا أَنْفُسَنا وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَغْفِرْ لَنا وَ تَرْحَمْنا لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْخاسِرِينَ قالَ اهْبِطُوا  من جواري، فلا يجاورني في جنتي من يعصيني، فاهبطا موكولين إلى أنفسهما في طلب المعاش.

So when they^-as ate from the tree, their ornaments and their^-as clothes flew away from their^-as bodies, and they^-as remained naked – their evil inclinations became manifest to them, and they both began to cover themselves with the leaves of the garden; and their Lord called out to them: Did I not forbid you both from that tree and say to you that the Shaitan is your open enemy? [7:22]. They said: Our Lord! We have been unjust to ourselves, and if You do not Forgive us, and have Mercy upon us, we shall certainly be of the losers [7:23]. He said: Go down [7:24] – from My^-azwj Nearness, for I^-azwj do not Permit in My^-azwj Paradise, the one who disobeys Me^-azwj’‘. So the two of them^-as got down, with the assignment upon themselves^-as for the seeking of the livelihood.

فلما أراد الله عز و جل أن يتوب عليهما جاءهما جبرئيل (عليه السلام)، فقال لهما: إنكما إنما ظلمتما أنفسكما بتمني منزلة من فضل عليكما، فجزاؤكما ما قد عوقبتما به من الهبوط من جوار الله عز و جل إلى أرضه، فاسألا ربكما بحق هذه الأسماء التي رأيتموها على ساق العرش، حتى يتوب عليكما.

So when Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Intended to Turn to them^-as, Jibraeel^-as came to the two of them^-as, and he^-as said: ‘But rather, the two of you^-as have been unjust to yourselves^-as by wishing for the status of the ones^-asws who are better than you^-as. Thus, your^-as recompense with what the two of you^-as have been Punished by, is the descent from the Nearness of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic to His^-azwj earth. Therefore, ask your^-as Lord^-azwj for the sake of these names which the two of you^-as saw upon the Leg of the Throne, until He^-azwj Turns to both of you^-as Mercifully.

فقالا: اللهم، إنا نسألك بحق الأكرمين عليك: محمد، و علي، و فاطمة، و الحسن، و الحسين، و الأئمة (عليهم السلام) إلا تبت علينا، و رحمتنا. فتاب الله عليهما، إنه هو التواب الرحيم.

So they both^-as said: ‘Our Allah^-azwj! We^-as ask You^-azwj for the sake of the ones^-asws Prestigious to You^-azwj – Muhammad^-saww, and Ali^-asws, and Fatima^-asws, and Al-Hassan^-asws, and Al-Husayn^-asws, and the Imams^-asws to Turn towards us^-as, and be Merciful to us^-as’. So, Allah^-azwj Turned towards the two of them^-as, for He^-azwj is the Oft-Turning, the Merciful’.

فلم يزل أنبياء الله بعد ذلك يحفظون هذه الأمانة، و يخبرون بها أوصياءهم، و المخلصين من أممهم فيأبون حملها، و يشفقون من ادعائها، و حملها الإنسان الذي قد عرف، فأصل كل ظلم منه إلى يوم القيامة، و ذلك قول الله عز و جل: إِنَّا عَرَضْنَا الْأَمانَةَ عَلَى السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ الْجِبالِ فَأَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَحْمِلْنَها وَ أَشْفَقْنَ مِنْها وَ حَمَلَهَا الْإِنْسانُ إِنَّهُ كانَ ظَلُوماً جَهُولًا».

So, after that, the Prophets^-as never ceased to preserve these trusts, and they^-as were informing their^-as successors^-as about it. And the sincere ones from their^-as communities refused to bear it, and were fearful from their enemies, and it was borne by the humans who understood, so it is the origin of every injustice coming from it up to the Day of Judgement. And these are the Words of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Surely, We Presented the Trust to the skies, and the earth, and the mountains, but they refused to bear it and feared from it, and the human being bore it; he was unjust, ignorant [33:72]’.[43]

عَلِيٌّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَاسَانِيِّ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْمِنْقَرِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ بْنِ هَمَّامٍ عَنْ مَعْمَرِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ سُئِلَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ( عليه السلام ) أَيُّ الْأَعْمَالِ أَفْضَلُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَقَالَ مَا مِنْ عَمَلٍ بَعْدَ مَعْرِفَةِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ وَ مَعْرِفَةِ رَسُولِهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) أَفْضَلَ مِنْ بُغْضِ الدُّنْيَا وَ إِنَّ لِذَلِكَ لَشُعَباً كَثِيرَةً وَ لِلْمَعَاصِي شُعَباً

Ali, from his father, from Ali Bin Muhammad Al Qasany, from Al Qasim Bin Muhammad, from Suleyman Bin Dawood Al Minqary, from Abdul Razzaq Bin Hammam, from Moamar Bin Rashid, from Al Zuhry Muhammad Bin Muslim Bin Shihad who said,

‘Ali^-asws Bin Al-Husayn^-asws was asked, ‘Which of the deeds is superior in the Presence of Allah^-azwj Might and Majestic?’ So he^-asws said: ‘There is none from the deeds, after the recognition of Allah^-azwj Majestic and Mighty, and recognition of His^-azwj Rasool^-saww more superior than hatred of the world, and in that are a lot of branches, and the disobedience also has branches (as well)’.

فَأَوَّلُ مَا عُصِيَ اللَّهُ بِهِ الْكِبْرُ وَ هِيَ مَعْصِيَةُ إِبْلِيسَ حِينَ أَبَى وَ اسْتَكْبَرَ وَ كَانَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ

So the first of what Allah^-azwj was disobeyed with was the arrogance, and it is the disobedience of Iblees^-la when he^-la refused, and was arrogant, and he^-la was from the disbelievers.

وَ الْحِرْصُ وَ هِيَ مَعْصِيَةُ آدَمَ وَ حَوَّاءَ حِينَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهُمَا فَكُلا مِنْ حَيْثُ شِئْتُما وَ لا تَقْرَبا هذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ فَتَكُونا مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ فَأَخَذَا مَا لَا حَاجَةَ بِهِمَا إِلَيْهِ فَدَخَلَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى ذُرِّيَّتِهِمَا إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ أَكْثَرَ مَا يَطْلُبُ ابْنُ آدَمَ مَا لَا حَاجَةَ بِهِ إِلَيْهِ

And greed, it is the disobedience of Adam^-as and Hawwa^-as when Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said for them^-as and eat from it a plenteous (food) wherever you two wish to and do not approach this tree, for then you will become from the unjust [2:35]. So, they^-as took what there was no need with them to it. Thus, that entered upon their^-as offspring up to the Day of Judgement, and that is the most of what the son of Adam^-as sees is what he does not have a need for it.

ثُمَّ الْحَسَدُ وَ هِيَ مَعْصِيَةُ ابْنِ آدَمَ حَيْثُ حَسَدَ أَخَاهُ فَقَتَلَهُ فَتَشَعَّبَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ حُبُّ النِّسَاءِ وَ حُبُّ الدُّنْيَا وَ حُبُّ الرِّئَاسَةِ وَ حُبُّ الرَّاحَةِ وَ حُبُّ الْكَلَامِ وَ حُبُّ الْعُلُوِّ وَ الثَّرْوَةِ فَصِرْنَ سَبْعَ خِصَالٍ فَاجْتَمَعْنَ كُلُّهُنَّ فِي حُبِّ الدُّنْيَا فَقَالَ الْأَنْبِيَاءُ وَ الْعُلَمَاءُ بَعْدَ مَعْرِفَةِ ذَلِكَ حُبُّ الدُّنْيَا رَأْسُ كُلِّ خَطِيئَةٍ وَ الدُّنْيَا دُنْيَاءَانِ دُنْيَا بَلَاغٍ وَ دُنْيَا مَلْعُونَةٍ .

Then the envy, and it is a disobedience of the son^-la of Adam^-as where he envied his^-la brother^-as, so he^-la killed him^-as. Thus, from that branched out the love of the women, and the love of the world, and love of the government, and love of the relaxation, and love of the speech, and love of the exaltedness and the wealth. So these came to be seven characteristics, being gathered in the love for the world. Therefore, the Prophets^-as, and the knowledgeable ones^-asws said after recognising that: ‘The love for the world is the head of the sins’. And the world is two (types of) worlds – the world of the bare necessities and the condemned world ’.[44]

 

VERSE 36

فَأَزَلَّهُمَا الشَّيْطَانُ عَنْهَا فَأَخْرَجَهُمَا مِمَّا كَانَا فِيهِ ۖ وَقُلْنَا اهْبِطُوا بَعْضُكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ ۖ وَلَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُسْتَقَرٌّ وَمَتَاعٌ إِلَىٰ حِينٍ {36}

But the Satan had them removed from it and exited from what they used to be in; and We said: Go down, some of you being the enemies of others! And there is for you in the earth an abode and a provision for a while [2:36]

قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: فَأَزَلَّهُمَا الشَّيْطانُ عَنْها عَنِ الْجَنَّةِ بِوَسْوَسَتِهِ وَ خَدِيعَتِهِ وَ إِيهَامِهِ [وَ عَدَاوَتِهِ‏] وَ غُرُورِهِ، بِأَنْ بَدَأَ بِآدَمَ فَقَالَ: ما نَهاكُما رَبُّكُما عَنْ هذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونا مَلَكَيْنِ‏ إِنْ تَنَاوَلْتُمَا مِنْهَا تَعْلَمَانِ الْغَيْبَ، وَ تَقْدِرَانِ عَلَى مَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَيْهِ مَنْ خَصَّهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِالْقُدْرَةِ أَوْ تَكُونا مِنَ الْخالِدِينَ‏ لَا تَمُوتَانِ أَبَداً.

Allah^-azwj Said But the Satan had them removed from it [2:36] from the Garden by his^-la whisperings and deceptions and illusions and his^-la enmity and his^-la ego and he^-la began with Adam^-as and he^-la said Your Lord has not forbidden you this tree except that you may not both become two Angels [7:20] And if you were to take from it then you will come to have the knowledge of the unseen and have the power of those special ones^-asws who have been Endowed with such powers by Allah^-azwj the Exalted or that you may become of the immortals not dying, ever!’

وَ قاسَمَهُما حَلَفَ لَهُمَا إِنِّي لَكُما لَمِنَ النَّاصِحِينَ‏ [الصَّالِحِينَ‏]. وَ كَانَ إِبْلِيسُ بَيْنَ لَحْيَيِ‏ الْحَيَّةِ أَدْخَلَتْهُ الْجَنَّةَ، وَ كَانَ آدَمُ يَظُنُّ أَنَّ الْحَيَّةَ هِيَ‏ الَّتِي تُخَاطِبُهُ، وَ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ أَنَّ إِبْلِيسَ قَدِ اخْتَبَأَ بَيْنَ لَحْيَيْهَا.

And he swore to them both, taking oath to them^-as Most surely I am a sincere adviser to you [7:21] – the correcting one. And it was so that Iblees^-la was in the mouth of a serpent by way of which he^-la had entered the Garden, and Adam^-as thought that it was the serpent that was talking to him^-asws, and he^-asws did not know that it was Iblees^-la who was talking from inside the serpent.

فَرَدَّ آدَمُ عَلَى الْحَيَّةِ: أَيَّتُهَا الْحَيَّةُ- هَذَا مِنْ غُرُورِ إِبْلِيسَ لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ- كَيْفَ يَخُونُنَا رَبُّنَا أَمْ كَيْفَ تُعَظِّمِينَ اللَّهَ بِالْقَسَمِ بِهِ- وَ أَنْتِ تَنْسُبِينَهُ إِلَى الْخِيَانَةِ وَ سُوءِ النَّظَرِ، وَ هُوَ أَكْرَمُ الْأَكْرَمِينَ أَمْ كَيْفَ أَرُومُ التَّوَصُّلَ إِلَى مَا مَنَعَنِي مِنْهُ رَبِّي عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ، وَ أَتَعَاطَاهُ‏ بِغَيْرِ حِكْمَةٍ

Adam^-as retorted upon the serpent: ‘O you serpent! This is from the deception of Iblees^-la may Allah^-azwj Curse him^-la. How can our Lord^-azwj defraud us? How can you^-la be revering Allah^-azwj by swearing by Him^-azwj, and you are linking Him^-azwj to the betrayal and the evil thinking, and He^-azwj is the most Benevolent of the benevolent ones?’ Why should I^-asws incline towards that deed which has been forbidden unto me^-as by my^-as Lord^-azwj Mighty and Majestic and wrong Him^-azwj without wisdom?’

فَلَمَّا أَيِسَ إِبْلِيسُ مِنْ قَبُولِ آدَمَ مِنْهُ، عَادَ ثَانِيَةً بَيْنَ لَحْيَيِ الْحَيَّةِ فَخَاطَبَ حَوَّاءَ مِنْ حَيْثُ يُوهِمُهَا أَنَّ الْحَيَّةَ هِيَ الَّتِي تُخَاطِبُهَا، وَ قَالَ: يَا حَوَّاءُ أَ رَأَيْتِ هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ الَّتِي كَانَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حَرَّمَهَا عَلَيْكُمَا، قَدْ أَحَلَّهَا لَكُمَا بَعْدَ تَحْرِيمِهَا لِمَا عَرَفَ مِنْ حُسْنِ طَاعَتِكُمَا لَهُ، وَ تَوْقِيرِكُمَا إِيَّاهُ

So when Iblees^-la despaired from the acceptance of Adam^-as from him^-la, he^-la returned for the second time to be between the lips of the serpent, and he^-la addressed Hawwa^-as from where they^-as would think that the serpent it is which is addressing them^-as, and he^-la said, ‘O Hawwa^-as! Do you^-as see this tree, which Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic had Prohibited upon you^-as two? He^-azwj has (now) Permitted it to you^-as after Prohibiting you^-as, due to recognition of the goodly obedience of both of you^-as to Him^-azwj and your^-as reverence to Him^-azwj.

وَ ذَلِكِ أَنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ الْمُوَكَّلِينَ بِالشَّجَرَةِ الَّذِينَ‏ مَعَهُمْ حِرَابٌ- يَدْفَعُونَ عَنْهَا سَائِرَ حَيَوَانِ الْجَنَّةِ لَا تَدْفَعُكِ عَنْهَا إِنْ رُمْتِهَا فَاعْلَمِي بِذَلِكِ أَنَّهُ قَدْ أُحِلَّ لَكِ، وَ أَبْشِرِي بِأَنَّكِ إِنْ تَنَاوَلْتِهَا قَبْلَ آدَمَ كُنْتِ أَنْتِ الْمُسَلِّطَةَ عَلَيْهِ، الْآمِرَةَ النَّاهِيَةَ فَوْقَهُ.

And that is because the Angles Allocated with the tree – those with whom were weapon to repel the rest of the animal of the Paradise from it – would not be repelling you^-as from it, so you^-as would know by that, that it is (now) Permissible for you^-as; and receive glad tidings that you^-saww, if you^-as were to take it before Adam^-as does, you^-as would overcome upon him^-as. The Order is (now) above its Prohibition’.

فَقَالَتْ حَوَّاءُ: سَوْفَ أُجَرِّبُ هَذَا. فَرَامَتِ الشَّجَرَةَ- فَأَرَادَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ أَنْ تَدْفَعَهَا عَنْهَا بِحِرَابِهَا.

So Hawwa^-as said: ‘Soon I^-as shall be trying this’. So she^-as approached the tree and the Angels wanted to repel her^-as from it by their weapons.

فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَيْهَا: إِنَّمَا تَدْفَعُونَ بِحِرَابِكُمْ مَنْ لَا عَقْلَ لَهُ يَزْجُرُهُ، فَأَمَّا مَنْ جَعَلْتُهُ مُمَكَّناً مُمَيِّزاً مُخْتَاراً، فَكِلُوهُ إِلَى عَقْلِهِ الَّذِي جَعَلْتُهُ حُجَّةً عَلَيْهِ، فَإِنْ أَطَاعَ اسْتَحَقَّ ثَوَابِي، وَ إِنْ عَصَى وَ خَالَفَ [أَمْرِي‏] اسْتَحَقَّ عِقَابِي وَ جَزَائِي.

But, Allah^-azwj the Exalted Revealed to them: “But rather you should be repelling with your weapons the one who has not intellect for him, ousting him. But, as for the one Whom I^-azwj have Made him with possibilities, discernment, choice, so leave him to his intellect which I^-azwj have Made it to be an argument upon him. So, if he obeys, he would be deserving of My^-azwj Rewards, and if he disobeys and opposes My^-azwj Command, he would be deserving of My^-azwj Punishment and My^-azwj Penalty”.

فَتَرَكُوهَا وَ لَمْ يَتَعَرَّضُوا لَهَا، بَعْدَ مَا هَمُّوا بِمَنْعِهَا بِحِرَابِهِمْ. فَظَنَّتْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ نَهَاهُمْ عَنْ مَنْعِهَا- لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ أَحَلَّهَا بَعْدَ مَا حَرَّمَهَا.

So they left her and did not confront her^-as, after having thought of preventing her^-as with their weapons. So she^-as thought that Allah^-azwj had Forbidden them from preventing her^-as because He^-azwj has Permitted it after having Prohibited it.

فَقَالَتْ: صَدَقَتِ الْحَيَّةُ، وَ ظَنَّتْ أَنَّ الْمُخَاطَبَ لَهَا هِيَ الْحَيَّةُ، فَتَنَاوَلَتْ مِنْهَا وَ لَمْ تَنَكَّرْ مِنْ نَفْسِهَا شَيْئاً. فَقَالَتْ لِآدَمَ: أَ لَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ الشَّجَرَةَ الْمُحَرَّمَةَ عَلَيْنَا قَدْ أُبِيحَتْ لَنَا تَنَاوَلْتُ مِنْهَا فَلَمْ تَمْنَعْنِي أَمْلَاكُهَا، وَ لَمْ أُنْكِرْ شَيْئاً مِنْ حَالِي‏

So she^-as said: ‘The serpent spoke the truth’, and she^-as thought that the one who had addressed her^-as was the serpent (and not Iblees^-la). So she^-as took from it and did not affect anything from herself^-as. She^-as said to Adam^-as: ‘Do you^-as know that the tree Prohibited upon us^-as has (now) been Permitted to us^-as? I^-as took from it, and its Angels did not prevent me^-as, and it did not affect anything from my^-as state’.

(فَذَلِكَ حِينَ) اغْتَرَّ آدَمُ وَ غَلِطَ فَتَنَاوَلَ- فَأَصَابَهُمَا [مَا] قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي كِتَابِهِ: فَأَزَلَّهُمَا الشَّيْطانُ عَنْها فَأَخْرَجَهُما بِوَسْوَسَتِهِ وَ غُرُورِهِ‏ مِمَّا كانا فِيهِ‏ مِنَ النَّعِيمِ‏

That is when Adam^-as got deceived and went wrong. So he^-as took and it hit them both^-as what Allah^-azwj the Exalted Says in His^-azwj Book  But the Satan had them removed from it and exited [2:36]– by his^-la whispering and his^-la deception from what they used to be in – from the Bounties.

وَ قُلْنَا يَا آدَمُ وَ يَا حَوَّاءُ وَ يَا أَيَّتُهَا الْحَيَّةُ وَ يَا إِبْلِيسُ‏ اهْبِطُوا بَعْضُكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ آدَمُ وَ حَوَّاءُ وَ وُلْدُهُمَا عَدُوٌّ لِلْحَيَّةِ، وَ إِبْلِيسُ وَ الْحَيَّةُ وَ أَوْلَادُهُمَا أَعْدَاؤُكُمْ‏ وَ لَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُسْتَقَرٌّ مَنْزِلٌ وَ مَقَرٌّ لِلْمَعَاشِ‏ وَ مَتاعٌ‏ مَنْفَعَةٌ إِلى‏ حِينٍ‏ الْمَوْتِ‏.

and We said: O Adam^-as, and O Hawwa^-as, and O you serpent, and O Iblees^-la! Go down, some of you being the enemies of others! – Adam^-as and Hawwa^-as as enemies of the serpent, and Iblees^-la and the serpent and their children as your^-as enemies –And there is for you in the earth an abode – a lodging and abode for living and a provision – benefits for a while – death’’.[45]

 

VERSES 37 & 38

فَتَلَقَّىٰ آدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ كَلِمَاتٍ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ ۚ إِنَّهُ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ {37} قُلْنَا اهْبِطُوا مِنْهَا جَمِيعًا ۖ فَإِمَّا يَأْتِيَنَّكُمْ مِنِّي هُدًى فَمَنْ تَبِعَ هُدَايَ فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ {38}

Then Adam received (certain) Words from his Lord, so He Turned to him (Mercifully); surely He is Oft-Turning, the Merciful [2:37]. We said: Go down from it altogether; and when there comes to you a Guidance from Me, so the ones who follow My Guidance, there shall be no fear upon them, nor shall they be grieving [2:38]

قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: فَتَلَقَّى آدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ كَلِماتٍ‏ يَقُولُهَا، فَقَالَهَا فَتابَ‏ اللَّهُ‏ عَلَيْهِ‏ بِهَا إِنَّهُ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ‏ [التَّوَّابُ‏] الْقَابِلُ لِلتَّوْبَاتِ، الرَّحِيمُ بِالتَّائِبِينَ‏

Allah^-azwj Said: Then Adam received (certain) Words from his Lord, to be saying these. So he^-as said these so He Turned to him (Mercifully) [2:37]. Allah^-azwj, due to these words: surely He is Oft-Turning, the Merciful – The Forgiver, the Accepter of repentances, the Merciful towards the repentant.

قُلْنَا اهْبِطُوا مِنْها جَمِيعاً كَانَ أَمَرَ فِي الْأَوَّلِ أَنْ يَهْبِطَا، وَ فِي الثَّانِي أَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَهْبِطُوا جَمِيعاً، لَا يَتَقَدَّمَ أَحَدُهُمُ الْآخَرَ. وَ الْهُبُوطُ إِنَّمَا كَانَ‏ هُبُوطُ آدَمَ وَ حَوَّاءَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ، وَ هُبُوطُ الْحَيَّةِ أَيْضاً مِنْهَا فَإِنَّهَا كَانَتْ مِنْ أَحْسَنِ دَوَابِّهَا، وَ هُبُوطُ إِبْلِيسَ مِنْ حَوَالَيْهَا، فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ مُحَرَّماً عَلَيْهِ دُخُولُ الْجَنَّةِ.

We said: Go down from it altogether [2:38] – He^-azwj had Commanded formerly that they both^-as go down, and during the second, He^-azwj Commanded that they all go down, not one of them preceding the other. And the descending, rather, was the descent of Adam^-as and Hawwa^-as from the Garden, and the descent of the snake as well from it, for it was from the most excellent of its animals, and the descent of Iblees^-la from its surroundings, for it was Prohibited unto him^-la, the entry into the Paradise.

فَإِمَّا يَأْتِيَنَّكُمْ مِنِّي هُدىً‏ يَأْتِيكُمْ‏ وَ أَوْلَادَكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِكُمْ- مِنِّي هُدًى. يَا آدَمُ وَ يَا إِبْلِيسُ‏ فَمَنْ تَبِعَ هُدايَ فَلا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ لا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ‏ لَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ حِينَ يَخَافُ الْمُخَالِفُونَ، وَ لَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ إِذَا يَحْزَنُونَ.

And when there comes to you a Guidance from Me – There will be coming to you^-as – and to your children from after you^-as – A Guidance from Me^-azwj. So the ones who follow My Guidance, there shall be no fear upon them, nor shall they be grieving – no fear upon them where they used to fear the adversaries, nor would they be grieving, (like) they used to be grieving (before).

قَالَ ع‏ فَلَمَّا زَلَّتْ مِنْ آدَمَ الْخَطِيئَةُ، وَ اعْتَذَرَ إِلَى رَبِّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ، قَالَ: يَا رَبِّ تُبْ عَلَيَّ، وَ اقْبَلْ مَعْذِرَتِي، وَ أَعِدْنِي إِلَى مَرْتِبَتِي، وَ ارْفَعْ لَدَيْكَ دَرَجَتِي فَلَقَدْ تَبَيَّنَ نَقْصُ‏ الْخَطِيئَةِ- وَ ذُلُّهَا فِي أَعْضَائِي وَ سَائِرِ بَدَنِي.

He (Imam Hassan Al-Askari^-asws) said: ‘So when the mistake was committed from Adam^-as, and he^-as apologised to his^-as Lord^-azwj Mighty and Majestic, said: ‘O Lord^-azwj! Turn to Me^-as and Accept my^-as excuse, and Return me^-as to my^-as (former) rank, and let my^-as level be raised, for the negative effects of the mistake have permeated into my^-as body parts and the rest of my^-as body’.

قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: يَا آدَمُ أَ مَا تَذْكُرُ أَمْرِي إِيَّاكَ- بِأَنْ تَدْعُوَنِي بِمُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ عِنْدَ شَدَائِدِكَ وَ دَوَاهِيكَ، وَ فِي النَّوَازِلِ [الَّتِي‏] تَبْهَظُكَ قَالَ آدَمُ: يَا رَبِّ بَلَى. قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ (لَهُ: فَتَوَسَّلْ بِمُحَمَّدٍ) وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ فَاطِمَةَ وَ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ خُصُوصاً، فَادْعُنِي أُجِبْكَ إِلَى مُلْتَمَسِكَ، وَ أَزِدْكَ فَوْقَ مُرَادِكَ.

Allah^-azwj the Exalted Said: ‘O Adam^-as! Do you^-asws remember my Command to you^-asws that you^-asws should supplicate to Me^-azwj by Muhammad^-saww and his^-saww goodly Progeny^-asws when during your^-as difficulties and your^-as afflictions and chaos – which weigh heavily on you^-as?’ Adam^-as said: ‘O Lord, yes.’ Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said to him^-asws: “Make intermediaries of Muhammad^-saww and Ali^-asws and Fatima^-asws and Al-Hassan^-asws and Al-Husayn^-asws especially, supplicate to Me^-azwj and I^-azwj will Answer you^-asws to your^-asws request  and Increase for you^-as above what you^-asws intended for.”

فَقَالَ آدَمُ: يَا رَبِّ، يَا إِلَهِي وَ قَدْ بَلَغَ عِنْدَكَ مِنْ مَحَلِّهِمْ- أَنَّكَ بِالتَّوَسُّلِ [إِلَيْكَ‏] بِهِمْ تَقْبَلُ تَوْبَتِي وَ تَغْفِرُ خَطِيئَتِي، وَ أَنَا الَّذِي أَسْجَدْتَ لَهُ مَلَائِكَتَكَ، وَ أَبَحْتَهُ‏ جَنَّتَكَ وَ زَوَّجْتَهُ حَوَّاءَ أَمَتَكَ، وَ أَخْدَمْتَهُ كِرَامَ مَلَائِكَتِكَ!

Adam^-as said: ‘O Lord! O My God^-azwj! And It has reached from You^-azwj, from their^-as positions that You^-azwj, by the Means to You^-azwj through them^-asws, would be Accepting my^-as repentance and Forgive my^-as mistake, and I^-asws am the one to whom the Angels were made to do Sajdah and to whom Your^-azwj Garden was Gifted, and Your^-azwj maid Hawwa^-as was married to (me), and the honourable ones of Your^-azwj served to!’.

قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: يَا آدَمُ إِنَّمَا أَمَرْتُ الْمَلَائِكَةَ بِتَعْظِيمِكَ [وَ] بِالسُّجُودِ [لَكَ‏] إِذْ كُنْتَ وِعَاءً لِهَذِهِ الْأَنْوَارِ، وَ لَوْ كُنْتَ سَأَلْتَنِي بِهِمْ قَبْلَ خَطِيئَتِكَ أَنْ أَعْصِمَكَ مِنْهَا، وَ أَنْ أُفَطِّنَكَ لِدَوَاعِي عَدُوِّكَ إِبْلِيسَ حَتَّى تَحْتَرِزَ مِنْهُ لَكُنْتُ قَدْ جَعَلْتُ‏ ذَلِكَ، وَ لَكِنَّ الْمَعْلُومَ فِي سَابِقِ عِلْمِي يَجْرِي مُوَافِقاً لِعِلْمِي، فَالْآنَ فَبِهِمْ فَادْعُنِي لأجبك [لِأُجِيبَكَ‏].

Allah^-azwj the Exalted Said: “O Adam^-as! But rather, I^-azwj Commanded the Angels to respect you^-asws – and by the Sajdah to you^-as – because you^-asws were a receptacle of these lights, and if you^-asws had asked Me^-azwj, by them^-asws before your^-asws commission of the error, I^-azwj would have Protected you^-as from it and Cause you^-as to be more aware of Iblees^-la inviting you^-as, until you^-as would have protected yourself from him^-la, I^-azwj would have Made that to be for you^-as. But, it was the Known matter in the precedence of My^-azwj Knowledge. It (therefore) transpired in accordance to My^-azwj Knowledge. Thus, for now, supplicate to Me^-azwj, I^-azwj shall Answer you^-as”.

فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ آدَمُ: «اللَّهُمَّ [بِجَاهِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ‏] بِجَاهِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ فَاطِمَةَ، وَ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ وَ الطَّيِّبِينَ مِنْ آلِهِمْ- لَمَّا تَفَضَّلْتَ [عَلَيَ‏] بِقَبُولِ تَوْبَتِي وَ غُفْرَانِ زَلَّتِي‏ وَ إِعَادَتِي مِنْ كَرَامَاتِكَ إِلَى مَرْتَبَتِي».

So during that, Adam^-as said: ‘O Allah^-azwj! By the virtue of Muhammad^-saww and the goodly Progeny^-asws of Muhammad^-saww! By the virtue of Muhammad^-saww, and Ali^-asws, and Fatima^-asws, and Al-Hassan^-asws, and Al-Husayn^-asws, and the goodly ones from their^-asws Progeny to what You^-azwj have Preferred upon me^-as, with the Acceptance of my^-as repentance, and the Forgiveness of my^-as error, and my^-as returning from You^-azwj Prestige to my^-as (former) rank’.

فَقَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: قَدْ قَبِلْتُ تَوْبَتَكَ، وَ أَقْبَلْتُ بِرِضْوَانِي عَلَيْكَ، وَ صَرَفْتُ آلَائِي وَ نَعْمَائِي إِلَيْكَ، وَ أَعَدْتُكَ إِلَى مَرْتَبَتِكَ مِنْ كَرَامَاتِي، وَ وَفَّرْتُ نَصِيبَكَ مِنْ رَحَمَاتِي. فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: فَتَلَقَّى آدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ كَلِماتٍ- فَتابَ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّهُ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ‏.

So Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: “I^-azwj have Accepted your^-as repentance, and Accepted with My^-azwj being Pleased upon you^-as, and Diversion of My^-azwj Favours and My^-azwj Bounties towards you^-as, and Return you^-as to your^-as (former) rank from My^-azwj Benevolence, and Preserve your^-as share of My^-azwj Mercy”. Thus, that is (in) His^-azwj Words, the Mighty and Majestic: Then Adam received (certain) Words from his Lord, so He Turned to him (Mercifully); surely He is Oft-Turning, the Merciful [2:37]’’.[46]

عن عبد الرحمن بن كثير عن ابى عبد الله عليه السلام قال: ان الله تبارك وتعالى عرض على آدم في الميثاق ذريته. فمر به النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وهو متكى، على على عليه السلام وفاطمة صلوات الله عليهما تتلوهما والحسن والحسين (ع) يتلوان فاطمة، فقال الله: يا آدم اياك ان تنظر إليهم بحسد اهبطك من جواري،

From Abdul Rahman Bin Katheer,

(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah^-asws having said: ‘Allah^-azwj Blessed and High Presented upon Adam^-as his^-as offspring during the Covenant. Then he^-as passed by the Prophet^-saww, and he^-saww was leaning upon Ali^-asws, and (Syeda) Fatima^-asws was following them^-asws, and Al-Hassan^-asws and Al-Husayn^-asws were following (Syeda) Fatima^-asws. So Allah^-azwj Said: “O Adam^-as! Beware of looking at them^-asws with envy, I^-azwj will Cast you^-as down from My^-azwj Vicinity”.

فلما اسكنه الله الجنة مثل له النبي وعلى وفاطمة والحسن والحسين صلوات الله عليهم، فنظر إليهم بحسد ثم عرضت عليه الولاية فانكرها فرمته الجنة بأوراقها،

So when Allah^-azwj Settled Adam^-as in the Paradise, He^-azwj Created for him^-as a likenesses of the Prophet^-saww and Ali^-asws and (Syeda) Fatima^-asws and Al-Hassan^-asws and Al-Husayn^-asws. He ^-as looked at them^-asws with envy, when Presented with their^-asws Wilayah, he^-as denied it. So the covering of the leaves of the Garden fell-off from him^-as.

فلما تاب إلى الله من حسده وأقر بالولاية و دعا بحق الخمسة محمد وعلى وفاطمة والحسن والحسين (ع) غفر الله له، وذلك قوله ” فتلقى آدم من ربه كلمات ” الآية.

So when he^-as repented to Allah^-azwj from his^-asws envy and he^-as acknowledge their^-asws Wilayah and supplicated by the sake of the five – Muhammad^-saww and Ali^-asws and (Syeda) Fatima^-asws and Al-Hassan^-asws and Al-Husayn^-asws, Allah^-azwj Forgave him^-as, and that is in His^-azwj Words Then Adam received (certain) Words from his Lord [2:37] – The Verse’.[47]

عن جابر قال: سئلت أبا جعفر عليه السلام عن تفسير هذه الآية في باطن القرآن ” فاما يأتينكم منى هدى فمن تبع هداى فلا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون ” قال: تفسير الهدى علي عليه السلام قال الله فيه ” فمن تبع هداى فلا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون ”

From Jabir who said, ‘I asked Abu Ja’far^-asws about the interpretation of this Verse in the esoteric (hidden meaning) of the Quran and when there comes to you a Guidance from Me, so the ones who follow My Guidance, there shall be no fear upon them, nor shall they be grieving [2:38]. He^-asws said: ‘The interpretation of the ‘Guidance’, is Ali^-asws. Allah^-azwj Said regarding it, so the ones who follow My Guidance, (i.e., Ali^-asws) there shall be no fear upon them, nor shall they be grieving’.[48]

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ صَاحِبِ الشَّعِيرِ عَنْ كَثِيرِ بْنِ كَلْثَمَةَ

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Ibrahim the owner of the Barley, from Kaseer Bin Kalsama,

عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا (عليهما السلام) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَتَلَقَّى آدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ كَلِماتٍ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَ بِحَمْدِكَ عَمِلْتُ سُوءاً وَ ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي فَاغْفِرْ لِي وَ أَنْتَ خَيْرُ الْغَافِرِينَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَ بِحَمْدِكَ عَمِلْتُ سُوءاً وَ ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي فَاغْفِرْ لِي وَ ارْحَمْنِي وَ أَنْتَ أَرْحَمُ الرَّاحِمِينَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَ بِحَمْدِكَ عَمِلْتُ سُوءاً وَ ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي فَتُبْ عَلَيَّ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ

From one of the two (5^th or 6^th Imam^-asws), regarding the Words of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Then Adam received (certain) Words from his Lord [2:37], he^-asws said: ‘There is no god except You^-azwj, Glory be to You^-azwj, O Allah^-azwj and by Your^-azwj Praise, I^-as have been evil and unjust to myself, therefore Forgive me and You^-azwj are the most Forgiving of the forgiving ones. There is no god except You^-azwj. Glory be to You^-azwj our Allah^-azwj, and by Your^-azwj Praise. I have been evil and have been unjust to myself, so Forgive me and be Merciful to me, and You^-azwj are the Most Merciful of the merciful ones. So, Turn to me for You^-azwj are the Merciful Forgiver’.

وَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَتَلَقَّى آدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ كَلِماتٍ قَالَ سَأَلَهُ بِحَقِّ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ وَ فَاطِمَةَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ.

And in another report regarding the Statement of the Mighty and Majestic: [2:37] Then Adam received (certain) Words from his Lord [2:37], he^-asws said: ‘He^-as asked for (forgiveness) by the right of Muhammad^-saww, and Ali^-asws, and Al-Hassan^-asws, and Al-Husayn^-asws, and (Syeda) Fatima^-asws’.[49]

 

VERSE 39

وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَكَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا أُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ ۖ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ {39}

And those who are disbelieving and belying our Signs they are the inmates of the Fire, they would be abiding in it eternally [2:39]

ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَ كَذَّبُوا بِآياتِنا: الدَّالَّاتِ عَلَى صِدْقِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص عَلَى مَا جَاءَ بِهِ- مِنْ أَخْبَارِ الْقُرُونِ السَّالِفَةِ، وَ عَلَى مَا أَدَّاهُ إِلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ مِنْ ذِكْرِ تَفْضِيلِهِ لِعَلِيٍّ ع وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ خَيْرِ الْفَاضِلِينَ وَ الْفَاضِلَاتِ بَعْدَ مُحَمَّدٍ سَيِّدِ الْبَرِيَّاتِ‏ أُولئِكَ‏ الدَّافِعُونَ لِصِدْقِ مُحَمَّدٍ فِي إِنْبَائِهِ [وَ الْمُكَذِّبُونَ لَهُ فِي نَصْبِهِ‏ لِأَوْلِيَائِهِ‏] عَلِيٍّ سَيِّدِ الْأَوْصِيَاءِ، وَ الْمُنْتَجَبِينَ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ الطَّاهِرِينَ‏ أَصْحابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيها خالِدُونَ‏.

(Imam Hassan Al-Askari^-asws said): ‘Then the Mighty and Majestic Said: And those who are disbelieving and belying our Signs [2:39] – the references to the truthfulness of Muhammad^-saww upon what he^-saww came with from the news of the previous centuries and upon what was required to the servants of Allah^-azwj, from the mentioning of the merits of Ali^-asws and his^-asws goodly progeny, the best of the meritorious ones, and the meritorious after Muhammad^-saww, Chief of the righteous ones – they are the repellers of the truthfulness of Muhammad^-saww in his^-saww news and the belying ones to him^-saww regarding his^-saww appointing for his^-saww friends, Ali^-asws, Chief of the successors^-as, and the chosen ones^-asws from his^-asws offspring, the goodly, the clean – (they are the) inmates of the Fire, they would be abiding in it eternally’’.[50]

 

VERSE 40

يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَتِيَ الَّتِي أَنْعَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَأَوْفُوا بِعَهْدِي أُوفِ بِعَهْدِكُمْ وَإِيَّايَ فَارْهَبُونِ {40}

O Children of Israel! Recall My Bounties which I Bestowed upon you and fulfil My Covenant, I will Fulfil My Covenant with you; Me alone, you should be fearing [2:40]

قَالَ الْإِمَامُ ع‏ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: يا بَنِي إِسْرائِيلَ‏ وُلْدَ يَعْقُوبَ إِسْرَائِيلِ اللَّهِ‏ اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَتِيَ الَّتِي أَنْعَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ‏ لَمَّا بَعَثْتُ مُحَمَّداً ص، وَ أَقْرَرْتُهُ فِي مَدِينَتِكُمْ، وَ لَمْ أُجَشِّمْكُمُ الْحَطَّ وَ التِّرْحَالَ إِلَيْهِ، وَ أَوْضَحْتُ عَلَامَاتِهِ وَ دَلَائِلَ صِدْقِهِ لِئَلَّا يَشْتَبِهَ عَلَيْكُمْ حَالُهُ.

The Imam (Hassan Al-Askari^-asws) said: ‘Allah Mighty and Majestic Said: O Children of Israel! The children of Yaqoub^-as, the Israelites of Allah^-azwj – Recall My Bounties which I Bestowed upon you – when I^-azwj Sent Muhammad^-saww and Settled him^-saww in your city, and did you trouble your bodies and travelling to him^-saww, and Clarified his^-saww Signs and Proofs of his^-saww truthfulness, so that his^-saww state would not be confusing upon you.

وَ أَوْفُوا بِعَهْدِي‏ الَّذِي أَخَذَتْهُ عَلَى أَسْلَافِكُمْ، أَنْبِيَاؤُهُمْ وَ أَمَرُوهُمْ‏ أَنْ يُؤَدُّوهُ‏إِلَى أَخْلَافِهِمْ- لِيُؤْمِنُوا بِمُحَمَّدٍ الْعَرَبِيِّ [الْقُرَشِيِ‏] الْهَاشِمِيِّ، الْمُبَانِ بِالْآيَاتِ، وَ الْمُؤَيَّدِ بِالْمُعْجِزَاتِ- الَّتِي مِنْهَا: أَنْ كَلَّمَتْهُ ذِرَاعٌ مَسْمُومَةٌ، وَ نَاطَقَهُ ذِئْبٌ، وَ حَنَّ إِلَيْهِ عُودُ الْمِنْبَرِ وَ كَثَّرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ الْقَلِيلَ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ، وَ أَلَانَ لَهُ الصُّلْبَ‏ مِنَ الْأَحْجَارِ، وَ صَلَّبَ لَهُ الْمِيَاهَ السَّيَّالَةَ وَ لَمْ يُؤَيِّدْ نَبِيّاً مِنْ أَنْبِيَائِهِ بِدَلَالَةٍ- إِلَّا جَعَلَ لَهُ مِثْلَهَا أَوْ أَفْضَلَ مِنْهَا.

And fulfil My Covenant which I^-azwj Took from your ancestors, Informing them and Commanding them that they should be performing it to their descendants to be believing in Muhammad^-saww the Arabian, the Qureyshite, the Hashimite, the Manifested with the Signs, and the Assisted with the miracles from which are: – the speaking to him^-saww of the poisoned arm (of the sheep), and the talking wolf, and the wailing to him^-saww of the wood of the Pulpit, and Allah^-azwj Multiplying for him^-saww the little of the food, and the softening for him^-saww of the hard rocks, and hardening for him^-saww of the flowing waters, and no Prophet^-saww from His^-azwj Prophets^-as was Assisted with a proof except similar to it was made to be for him^-saww, or superior than it.

وَ الَّذِي جُعِلَ مِنْ أَكْبَرِ آيَاتِهِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع شَقِيقُهُ وَ رَفِيقُهُ، عَقْلُهُ مِنْ عَقْلِهِ وَ عِلْمُهُ مِنْ عِلْمِهِ، [وَ حُكْمُهُ مِنْ حُكْمِهِ‏] وَ حِلْمُهُ مِنْ حِلْمِهِ، مُؤَيِّدٌ دِينَهُ بِسَيْفِهِ الْبَاتِرِ بَعْدَ أَنْ قَطَعَ مَعَاذِيرَ الْمُعَانِدِينَ بِدَلِيلِهِ الْقَاهِرِ، وَ عِلْمِهِ الْفَاضِلِ، وَ فَضْلِهِ الْكَامِلِ.

And that which was made as the greatest of his^-saww Signs was Ali^-asws Bin Abu Talib^-asws, his^-saww brother, his^-saww friend, his^-asws intellect being from his^-saww intellect, and his^-asws knowledge being from his^-saww knowledge, and his^-asws wisdom being from his^-saww wisdom, and his^-asws forbearance being from his^-saww forbearance. Assisting his^-saww Religion by his^-asws sharply cutting sword after having cut off the excuses of the obstinate ones by compelling proofs, and his^-asws superior intellect, and his^-asws perfect merits.

أُوفِ بِعَهْدِكُمْ‏ الَّذِي أَوْجَبْتُ بِهِ لَكُمْ نَعِيْمَ الْأَبَدِ- فِي دَارِ الْكَرَامَةِ وَ مُسْتَقَرِّ الرَّحْمَةِ. وَ إِيَّايَ فَارْهَبُونِ‏ فِي مُخَالَفَةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص، فَإِنِّي الْقَادِرُ عَلَى صَرْفِ بَلَاءِ مَنْ يُعَادِيكُمْ عَلَى موُافَقَتِي، وَ هُمْ لَا يَقْدِرُونَ عَلَى صَرْفِ انْتِقَامِيِ عَنْكُمْ- إِذَا آثَرْتُمْ مُخَالَفَتِي.

I will Fulfil My Covenant with you – by which I^-azwj Obligated for you all the eternal Bounties in the House of Prestige (Paradise), and stable Mercy. Me alone, you should be fearing, for I^-azwj am the One Able upon Turning away the afflictions antagonising you upon My^-azwj consent, and they are not able upon turning away My^-azwj Vengeance from you when you oppose Me^-azwj”’.[51]

في عيون الاخبار باسناده إلى أمير المؤمنين عليه السلام حديث طويل وفيه وسأله عن ستة من الانبياء لهم اسمان ؟ فقال يوشع بن نون وهو ذوالكفل، ويعقوب و هو اسرائيل.

In Uyoon Akhbar by its chain going up to

Amir-Al-Momineen^-asws in a lengthy Hadeeth and in it he^-asws was asked about the double names of six of the Prophets^-as, he^-asws said: ‘Joshua Bin Noon^-as and he is Zulkifl, and Yaqoub^-as and he is Israel (Hence the term, ‘Children of Israel’)’.[52]

ابن بابويه، قال: حدثنا أحمد بن الحسن القطان، قال: حدثنا الحسن بن علي السكري، قال: حدثنا محمد بن زكريا الجوهري، قال: حدثنا جعفر بن محمد بن عمارة، عن أبيه، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: «كان‏ يعقوب و عيص توأمين، فولد عيص ثم ولد يعقوب، فسمي يعقوب لأنه خرج بعقب أخيه عيص، و يعقوب هو إسرائيل، و معنى إسرائيل عبد الله، لأن (إسرا) هو عبد، و (ئيل) هو الله عز و جل».

Ibn Babuwayh said, ‘It was narrated to us by Ahmad Bin Al Hassan Al Qatan, from Al Hassan Bin Al Al Sakry, from Muhammad Zakariyya Al Jowhary, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Amarat, from his father,

From Abu Abdullah^-asws having said: ‘It was so that Yaqoub^-as and Ayys were twins, and Ayys was born then Yaqoub^-as was born. Therefore Yaqoub^-as was named as such because he^-as came after his^-as brother Ayys. And Yaqoub^-as, he^-as is Israel, and the meaning of ‘Israel’ is ‘servant of Allah^-azwj’. ‘Isra’ (means) servant, and ‘El’ means Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic’’.[53]

محمد بن يعقوب: عن علي بن إبراهيم، عن أبيه، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن سماعة، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قول الله عز و جل: وَ أَوْفُوا بِعَهْدِي قال: «بولاية أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) أُوفِ بِعَهْدِكُمْ أوف لكم بالجنة».

Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Sama’at,

(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah^-asws regarding the Words of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic and fulfil My Covenant [2:40], said: ‘With the Wilayah of Amir-Al-Momineen^-asws, I will Fulfil My Covenant with you with the Paradise’.[54]

ابن بابويه، قال: حدثنا أبي (رضي الله عنه)، قال: حدثنا محمد بن أبي القاسم، عن محمد بن علي القرشي، قال: حدثنا أبو الربيع الزهراني، قال: حدثنا حريز، عن ليث بن أبي سليم، عن مجاهد، عن ابن عباس، قال:

Ibn babuwayh said, ‘My father narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Abu Al Qasim, from Muhammad Bin Al Qarshy, from Abu Al Rabi’e Al Zahrany, from Hareyz, from Lays Bin Abu Suleym, from Mujahid, from Ibn Abbas who said,

قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): «لما أنزل الله تبارك و تعالى: وَ أَوْفُوا بِعَهْدِي أُوفِ بِعَهْدِكُمْ و الله، لقد خرج آدم من الدنيا و قد عاهد [قومه‏] على الوفاء لولده شيث، فما وفى له،

‘Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘When Allah^-azwj Blessed and High Revealed: And fulfil My Covenant, I will Fulfil My Covenant with you [2:40] – By Allah^-azwj! Adam^-as had left the world and covenanted with his^-as people upon the loyalty to his^-as son Shees^-as, but they were not loyal to him^-as.

و لقد خرج نوح من الدنيا و عاهد قومه على الوفاء لولده سام، فما وفت أمته، و لقد خرج إبراهيم من الدنيا و عاهد قومه على الوفاء لولده إسماعيل، فما وفت أمته، و لقد خرج موسى من الدنيا و عاهد قومه على الوفاء. لوصيه يوشع بن نون فما وفت أمته، و لقد رفع عيسى بن مريم إلى السماء و قد عاهد قومه [على الوفاء] لوصيه شمعون بن حمون الصفا فما وفت أمته.

And Noah^-as had left from the world and covenanted with his^-as people upon the loyalty to his^-as son Saam^-as, but his^-as community was not loyal to him^-as. And Ibrahim^-as had gone out from the world, and covenanted his^-as people upon the loyalty to his^-as son Ismail^-as, but his^-as community was not loyal to him^-as. And Musa^-as went out from the world and covenanted with his^-as people upon the loyalty to his^-as successor^-as Yoshua Bin Noon^-as, but his^-as community was not loyal to him^-as. And Isa^-as Bin Maryam^-as was Raised to the sky, and he^-as had covenanted with his^-as people upon the loyalty to his^-as successor^-as Shamoun Bin Hamoun Al-Safa^-as, but his^-as community was not loyal to him^-as.

و إني مفارقكم عن قريب و خارج من بين أظهركم، و قد عهدت إلى أمتي في علي بن أبي طالب، و إنها لراكبة سنن من قبلها من الأمم في مخالفة وصيي و عصيانه، ألا و إني مجدد عليكم عهدي في علي فَمَنْ نَكَثَ فَإِنَّما يَنْكُثُ عَلى نَفْسِهِ وَ مَنْ أَوْفى بِما عاهَدَ عَلَيْهُ اللَّهَ فَسَيُؤْتِيهِ أَجْراً عَظِيماً.

And very shortly, I^-saww shall be separating and exiting from between you, and I^-saww have covenanted to my^-saww community regarding Ali^-asws Bin Abu Talib^-asws. And they would be riding the ways of the ones who were before them from the communities regarding the opposition to my^-saww successor^-asws and disobeying him^-asws. Indeed! And I^-saww am renewing to you my^-saww covenant regarding Ali^-asws Therefore the one who breaks (his Covenant), he breaks it upon himself, and the one who fulfils what Allah Has Covenanted upon him, then He would be Giving him a mighty Recompense [48:10].

أيها الناس، إن عليا إمامكم من بعدي، و خليفتي عليكم، و هو وصيي و وزيري و أخي و ناصري، و زوج ابنتي، و أبو ولدي، و صاحب شفاعتي و حوضي و لوائي، من أنكره فقد أنكرني، و من أنكرني فقد أنكر الله عز و جل، و من أقر بإمامته فقد أقر بنبوتي، و من أقر بنبوتي فقد أقر بوحدانية الله عز و جل.

O you people! Ali^-asws is your Imam^-asws from after me^-saww, and my^-saww Caliph over you, and he^-asws is my^-saww successor^-asws, and my^-asws Vizier, and my^-saww brother^-asws and my^-saww helper, and husband^-asws of my^-saww daughter^-asws, and father^-asws of my^-saww sons^-asws, and the owner of my^-saww intercession, and my^-saww Fountain, and my^-saww flag. The one who denies him^-asws, so he has denied me^-asws, and the one who denies me^-saww so he has denied Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic. And the one who accepts him^-asws as his Imam^-asws, so he has accepted my^-saww Prophet-hood, and the one who accepts my^-saww Prophet-hood, so he has accepted the Oneness of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic.

أيها الناس، من عصى عليا فقد عصاني، و من عصاني فقد عصى الله عز و جل، و من أطاع عليا فقد أطاعني، و من أطاعني فقد أطاع الله عز و جل.

O you people! The one who disobeys Ali^-asws so he has disobeyed me^-saww, and the one who disobeys me^-saww, so he has disobeyed Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic. And the one who obeys Ali^-asws, so he had obeyed me^-saww, and the one who obeys me^-saww, so he has obeyed Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic.

يا أيها الناس، من رد على علي في قول أو فعل فقد رد علي، و من رد علي فقد رد على الله عز و جل فوق عرشه.

O you people! The one who repudiates Ali^-asws in words or deeds so he has repudiated me^-saww, and the one who repudiates me^-saww, so he has repudiated Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic upon His^-azwj Throne.

يا أيها الناس، من اختار منكم على علي إماما فقد اختار علي نبيا، و من اختار علي نبيا فقد اختار على الله عز و جل ربا.

O you people! The one from among you who chooses Ali^-asws as an Imam^-asws, so he has chosen me^-saww as a Prophet^-saww, and the one who chooses me^-saww as a Prophet^-saww so he has Chosen Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic as a Lord^-azwj.

يا أيها الناس، إن عليا سيد الوصيين، و قائد الغر المحجلين، و مولى المؤمنين، وليه وليي، و وليي ولي الله، و عدوه عدوي، و عدوي عدو الله عز و جل.

O you people! Ali^-asws is the Chief of the successors^-as, and the Guide of the resplendent, and the Master of the Believers. His^-asws friend is my^-saww friend, and my^-saww friend is Allah^-azwj’s friend. His^-asws enemy is my^-saww enemy, and my^-saww enemy is the enemy of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic.

أيها الناس، أوفوا بعهد الله في علي يوف لكم بالجنة يوم القيامة».

O you people! Be faithful to the Covenant of Allah^-azwj regarding Ali^-asws, and He^-azwj would Fulfil to you with the Paradise on the Day of Judgement!’[55]

المفيد في (الاختصاص): عن محمد بن علي، عن أبيه، عن سعد بن عبد الله، عن أحمد بن محمد بن عيسى، عن علي بن الحكم، عن هشام بن سالم، قال: قلت للصادق (عليه السلام): يا ابن رسول الله، ما بال المؤمن إذا دعا ربما استجيب له، و ربما لم يستجب له، و قد قال الله عز و جل: وَ قالَ رَبُّكُمُ ادْعُونِي أَسْتَجِبْ لَكُمْ؟

Al-Mufeed in Al-Ikhtisas, from Muhammad Bin Ali, from his father, from Sa’d Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ali Bin Al-Hakam, from Hisham Bin Salim who said,

‘I said to Al-Sadiq^-asws, ‘O son^-asws of Rasool-Allah^-saww! What is the matter that when a Momin supplicates, sometimes he is Answered, and sometimes he does not get Answered, and Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Said  And your Lord says: Call upon Me, I will Answer you [40:60]!’

فقال (عليه السلام): «إن العبد إذا دعا الله تبارك و تعالى بنية صادقة و قلب مخلص، استجيب له بعد وفائه بعهد الله عز و جل، و إذا دعا الله بغير نية و إخلاص لم يستجب له، أ ليس الله تعالى يقول: أَوْفُوا بِعَهْدِي أُوفِ بِعَهْدِكُمْ؟ فمن و فى وفي له».

So he^-asws said: ‘When the servant supplicates to Allah^-azwj Blessed and High with true intention and a sincere heart, gets Answered after he has been loyal to the Covenant of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic. And when he supplicates without a (true) intention and sincerity, he does not get Answered. Is Allah^-azwj the High not Saying fulfil My Covenant, I will Fulfil My Covenant with you [2:40]? So the one who fulfils it, He^-azwj Fulfils it for him’.[56]

 

VERSE 41

وَآمِنُوا بِمَا أَنْزَلْتُ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا مَعَكُمْ وَلَا تَكُونُوا أَوَّلَ كَافِرٍ بِهِ ۖ وَلَا تَشْتَرُوا بِآيَاتِي ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا وَإِيَّايَ فَاتَّقُونِ {41}

And believe in what I have Revealed, a ratification of what is with you, and do not become the first disbeliever by it, and do not be exchanging My verses for a small price; and from Me you should be fearing [2:41]

قَالَ الْإِمَامُ ع‏ [ثُمَ‏] قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِلْيَهُودِ: وَ آمِنُوا أَيُّهَا الْيَهُودُ بِما أَنْزَلْتُ‏ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ [نَبِيِّي‏] مِنْ ذِكْرِ نُبُوَّتِهِ، وَ أَنْبَاءِ إِمَامَةِ أَخِيهِ عَلِيٍّ ع وَ عِتْرَتِهِ [الطَّيِّبِينَ‏] الطَّاهِرِينَ‏ مُصَدِّقاً لِما مَعَكُمْ‏ فَإِنَّ مَثَلَ هَذَا الذِّكْرِ فِي كِتَابِكُمْ- أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً النَّبِيَّ سَيِّدُ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَ الْآخِرِينَ- الْمُؤَيَّدُ بِسَيِّدِ الْوَصِيِّينَ وَ خَلِيفَةِ رَسُولِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ فَارُوقِ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ، وَ بَابِ مَدِينَةِ الْحِكْمَةِ، وَ وَصِيِّ رَسُولِ [رَبِ‏] الرَّحْمَةِ.

The Imam (Hassan Al-Askari^-asws) said: ‘Then Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said to the Jews And believe O you Jews! in what I have Revealed unto Muhammad^-saww My^-azwj Prophet^-saww from the mention of his^-saww Prophet-hood and the news of the Imamate of his^-saww brother Ali^-asws and his^-saww goodly Progeny^-asws, the purified, a ratification of what is with you, for the example of this Remembrance in your Books that Muhammad^-saww is the Chief of the former ones and the latter ones, the one supported by the Chief of the successors^-as, the Caliph of the Rasool^-saww of the Lord^-azwj of the Worlds, the differentiator of this community, the door to the city of wisdom, and the Successor^-asws of the Rasool^-saww of the Lord^-azwj of Mercy.’

وَ لا تَشْتَرُوا بِآياتِي‏ الْمُنَزَّلَةِ لِنُبُوَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص، وَ إِمَامَةِ عَلِيٍّ ع، وَ الطَّيِّبِينَ‏ مِنْ عِتْرَتِهِ‏ ثَمَناً قَلِيلًا بِأَنْ تَجْحَدُوا نُبُوَّةَ النَّبِيِّ [مُحَمَّدٍ] ص وَ إِمَامَةَ الْإِمَامِ [عَلِيٍ‏] ع [وَ آلِهِمَا] وَ تَعْتَاضُوا عَنْهَا عَرَضَ‏ الدُّنْيَا، فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ وَ إِنْ كَثُرَ فَإِلَى نَفَادٍ وَ خَسَارٍ وَ بَوَارٍ.

And do not be exchanging My verses – the Revelation of the Prophet-hood of Muhammad^-saww and the Imamate of Ali^-asws and the goodly from his^-saww Family^-asws for a small price – by your rejecting the Prophet-hood of the Prophet Muhammad^-saww, and the Imamate of Imam Ali^-asws and their^-asws Progeny^-asws – and be substituting instead the display of the world, for that, even if it is a lot, it would enter you into losses and failures.

ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ إِيَّايَ فَاتَّقُونِ‏ فِي كِتْمَانِ أَمْرِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص وَ أَمْرِ وَصِيِّهِ ع. فَإِنَّكُمْ إِنْ تَتَّقُوا لَمْ تَقْدَحُوا فِي نُبُوَّةِ النَّبِيِّ وَ لَا فِي وَصِيَّةِ الْوَصِيِّ، بَلْ حُجَجُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ قَائِمَةٌ، وَ بَرَاهِينُهُ بِذَلِكَ وَاضِحَةٌ، قَدْ قَطَعْتُ مَعَاذِيرَكُمْ، وَ أَبْطَلْتُ تَمْوِيهَكُمْ.

Then the Mighty and Majestic Said: And from Me you should be fearing in the concealment of the matter of Muhammad^-saww and the matter of his^-saww successor^-asws. So if you are fearing, you will not be slandering regarding the Prophet-hood of the Prophet^-saww, nor regarding the successorship of the successor^-asws. But, the arguments have been established upon you all, and His^-saww proofs with that are clear. Your excuses have been cut off and your camouflage has been invalidated.

وَ هَؤُلَاءِ يَهُودُ الْمَدِينَةِ جَحَدُوا نُبُوَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ ص وَ خَانُوهُ، وَ قَالُوا: نَحْنُ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً نَبِيٌّ، وَ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً وَصِيُّهُ، وَ لَكِنْ لَسْتَ أَنْتَ ذَاكَ وَ لَا هَذَا- يُشِيرُونَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ ع

So Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Respited them to His^-azwj Knowledge that He^-azwj would be Bringing out from their backs, goodly offspring, Momineen. And had they slipped, Allah^-azwj could have Punished them with a painful Punishment. But rather, hasty is the one who fears the loss of opportunity’’.[57]

العياشي: عن جابر الجعفي، قال: سألت أبا جعفر (عليه السلام) عن تفسير هذه الآية في باطن القرآن وَ آمِنُوا بِما أَنْزَلْتُ مُصَدِّقاً لِما مَعَكُمْ وَ لا تَكُونُوا أَوَّلَ كافِرٍ بِهِ، قال: «يعني فلانا و صاحبه و من تبعهم و دان بدينهم، قال الله يعنيهم: وَ لا تَكُونُوا أَوَّلَ كافِرٍ بِهِ يعني عليا (عليه السلام)».

Al Ayyashi, from Jabir Al Ju’fy who said,

‘I asked Abu Ja’far^-asws about the interpretation of this Verse in the esoteric (hidden meanings) of the Quran – And believe in what I have Revealed, a ratification of what is with you, and do not become the first disbeliever by it [2:41]. He^-asws said: ‘It Means so and so and his companion, and the ones who follow them, and make a religion by their religion. Allah^-azwj Said Meaning them and do not become the first disbeliever by it – Meaning (disbelieving in) Ali^-asws’.[58]

 

VERSE 42

وَلَا تَلْبِسُوا الْحَقَّ بِالْبَاطِلِ وَتَكْتُمُوا الْحَقَّ وَأَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ {42}

And do not be mixing the Truth with the falsehood and you are concealing the Truth and you are knowing [2:42]

قَالَ الْإِمَامُ ع‏ خَاطَبَ اللَّهُ بِهَا قَوْماً مِنَ الْيَهُودِ لَبَسُوا الْحَقَّ بِالْبَاطِلِ بِأَنْ زَعَمُوا أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً ص نَبِيٌّ، وَ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً وَصِيٌّ، وَ لَكِنَّهُمَا يَأْتِيَانِ بَعْدَ وَقْتِنَا هَذَا بِخَمْسِمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ.

The Imam (Hassan Al-Askari^-asws) said: ‘Allah^-azwj is Addressing a group of Jews who used to clothe the truth with falsehood by claiming that Muhammad^-saww is a Prophet and Ali^-asws is a successor^-asws but they^-asws will both be coming after this time of ours by five hundred years.

فَقَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ‏ وَ لا تَلْبِسُوا الْحَقَّ بِالْباطِلِ‏ بِأَنْ تُقِرُّوا بِمُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ وَ تَجْحَدُوهُمَا مِنْ وَجْهٍ‏ وَ تَكْتُمُوا الْحَقَ‏ مِنْ نُبُوَّةِ هَذَا، وَ إِمَامَةِ هَذَا وَ أَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ‏ أَنَّكُمْ تَكْتُمُونَهُ وَ تُكَابِرُونَ عُلُومَكُمْ وَ عُقُولَكُمْ،

Allah^-azwj the Mighty and Majestic Said: And do not be mixing the Truth with the falsehood [2:42], by (the fact that) you are acknowledging Muhammad^-saww and Ali^-asws from an aspect and you are rejecting them from an aspect; and you are concealing the Truth – The Prophet-hood of this one^-saww and the Imamate of this one^-asws and you are knowing that you are concealing it while your knowledges and your intellects are professing it.

فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ إِذَا كَانَ قَدْ جَعَلَ أَخْبَارَكُمْ حُجَّةً، ثُمَّ جَحَدْتُمْ لَمْ يُضَيِّعْ [هُوَ] حُجَّتَهُ، بَلْ يُقِيمُهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ جِهَتِكُمْ‏ فَلَا تَقْدِرُوا أَنَّكُمْ تُغَالِبُونَ رَبَّكُمْ وَ تُقَاهِرُونَهُ‏.

But Allah^-azwj, when He^-azwj has already Made Informing you all as a proof, then you are rejecting, would not be (able to) waste it that it is His^-azwj proof, but He^-azwj would be Establish it from other than your aspect, so you would not be able upon overcoming your Lord^-azwj and coercing (bullying) Him^-azwj’’.[59]

 

VERSE 43

وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَارْكَعُوا مَعَ الرَّاكِعِينَ {43}

And establish the Salat and give the Zakat and perform Ruku with the Ruku performers [2:43]

قَالَ: أَقِيمُوا الصَّلاةَ الْمَكْتُوبَاتِ‏ الَّتِي جَاءَ بِهَا مُحَمَّدٌ ص، وَ أَقِيمُوا أَيْضاً الصَّلَاةَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ الطَّاهِرِينَ- الَّذِينَ عَلِيٌّ سَيِّدُهُمْ وَ فَاضِلُهُمْ.

He (Imam Hassan Al-Askari^-asws) said: And establish the Salat [2:43] – The prescribed ones which Muhammad^-saww came with, and establish as well the Salawat upon Muhammad^-saww and his^-saww goodly Progeny^-asws, the clean ones^-asws – who Ali^-asws is their^-asws Chief and their^-asws superior.

وَ آتُوا الزَّكاةَ مِنْ أَمْوَالِكُمْ إِذَا وَجَبَتْ، وَ مِنْ أَبْدَانِكُمْ إِذَا لَزِمَتْ، وَ مِنْ مَعُونَتِكُمْ إِذَا الْتُمِسَتْ.

And give the Zakat – from your wealth when you can find it, and from your bodies when required, and from your assistances when sought.

وَ ارْكَعُوا مَعَ الرَّاكِعِينَ‏ تَوَاضَعُوا مَعَ الْمُتَوَاضِعِينَ لِعَظَمَةِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- فِي الِانْقِيَادِ لِأَوْلِيَاءِ اللَّهِ: لِمُحَمَّدٍ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ، وَ لِعَلِيٍّ وَلِيِّ اللَّهِ، وَ لِلْأَئِمَّةِ بَعْدَهُمَا سَادَةِ أَصْفِيَاءِ اللَّهِ‏.

And perform Ruku with the Ruku performers – In reverence along with the revering ones to the Magnificence of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic in subjugation to the Guardians^-asws of Allah^-azwj – to Muhammad^-saww the Prophet^-saww of Allah^-azwj, and to Ali^-asws the Guardian^-asws of Allah^-azwj, and to the Imams^-asws after them^-asws, being the Chiefs of the elites of Allah^-azwj’’.[60]

عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ جُمْهُورٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَدِيدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ رُشَيْدٍ عَنْ مَعْرُوفِ بْنِ خَرَّبُوذَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَرَنَ الزَّكَاةَ بِالصَّلَاةِ فَقَالَ أَقِيمُوا الصَّلاةَ وَ آتُوا الزَّكاةَ فَمَنْ أَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ وَ لَمْ يُؤْتِ الزَّكَاةَ لَمْ يُقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ .

Ali Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Jamhour, from his father, from Ali Bin Hadeed, from Usman Bin Rusheyd, from Marouf bin Kharbouz,

(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far^-asws having said: ‘Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Paired the Zakāt with the Salāt, so He^-azwj Said: And establish the Salāt and give the Zakāt [2:43]. Thus, the one who establishes the Salāt and does not give the Zakāt has not established the Salāt’.[61]

111 قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‏ مَنْ صَلَّى الْخَمْسَ- كَفَّرَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ مَا بَيْنَ كُلِّ صَلَاتَيْنِ، وَ كَانَ كَمَنْ عَلَى بَابِهِ نَهَرٌ جَارٍ- يَغْتَسِلُ فِيهِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ [وَ] لَا يُبْقِي عَلَيْهِ‏ مِنَ الدَّرَنِ‏ شَيْئاً- إِلَّا الْمُوبِقَاتِ الَّتِي هِيَ جَحْدُ النُّبُوَّةِ وَ الْإِمَامَةِ- أَوْ ظُلْمُ إِخْوَانِهِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَوْ تَرْكُ التَّقِيَّةِ- حَتَّى‏ يَضُرَّ بِنَفْسِهِ وَ بِإِخْوَانِهِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ‏.

Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘One who offers the five Salats, Allah^-azwj would Expiate from him, from the sins what are between every two Salats, and he would be like the one upon his door is a rive. He bathes in it five times every day – and there would not remain upon him anything from the filth except for the grave sins which are – rejecting the Prophet-hood and the Imamate, or oppressing his brethren, the Momineen, or neglecting the dissimulation to the extent that he harms himself and his Momin brothers’’.[62]

العياشي: عن إسحاق بن عمار، قال: سألت أبا عبد الله (عليه السلام) عن قول الله: وَ أَقِيمُوا الصَّلاةَ وَ آتُوا الزَّكاةَ؟ قال: «هي الفطرة التي افترض الله على المؤمنين».

Al Ayyashi, from Is’haq Bin Amaar who said,

‘I asked Abu Abdullah^-asws about the Words of Allah^-azwj And establish the Salat and give the Zakat [2:43]? He^-asws said: ‘It is the instinct (الفطرة) which Allah^-azwj has Imposed upon the Momineen’.[63]

عن سالم بن مكرم الجمال، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: «أعط الفطرة قبل الصلاة، و هو قول الله وَ أَقِيمُوا الصَّلاةَ وَ آتُوا الزَّكاةَ».

From Saalim Bin Makram Al Jamaal,

(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah^-asws having said: ‘Empower the instinct (الفطرة) before the Salat, and these are the Words of Allah^-azwj: And establish the Salat and give the Zakat [2:43]’.[64]

ابن شهر آشوب: عن أبي عبيدة المرزباني و أبي نعيم الأصفهاني في كتابيهما (في ما نزل من القرآن في علي) و النطنزي في (الخصائص) و روى أصحابنا

Ibn Shehr Ashub, from Abu Ubeyda Al Marzabany and Abu Naeem Al Isfahany in both their book (in Manaazil Min Al Quran Fi Ali^-asws) and Al Nazary in Al Khasaais, and our companions have reported,

عن الباقر (عليه السلام) في قوله تعالى: وَ ارْكَعُوا مَعَ الرَّاكِعِينَ «نزلت في رسول الله و علي بن أبي طالب، و هما أول من صلى و ركع».

(It has been narrated) from Al-Baqir^-asws regarding the Words of the High and perform Ruku with the Ruku performers [2:43]: ‘It was Revealed regarding Rasool-Allah^-saww and Ali^-asws Bin Abu Talib^-asws, and they both^-asws were the first ones to Pray Salat and perform Ruku’’.[65]

 

VERSE 44

أَتَأْمُرُونَ النَّاسَ بِالْبِرِّ وَتَنْسَوْنَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ تَتْلُونَ الْكِتَابَ ۚ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ {44}

You are instructing the people with the righteousness and are forgetting yourselves and you are reciting the Book. Are you not using your intellects? [2:44]

ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- لِقَوْمٍ مِنْ مَرَدَةِ الْيَهُودِ وَ مُنَافِقِيهِمْ- الْمُحْتَجِنِينَ‏ لِأَمْوَالِ‏ الْفُقَرَاءِ، الْمُسْتَأْكِلِينَ لِلْأَغْنِيَاءِ الَّذِينَ يَأْمُرُونَ بِالْخَيْرِ وَ يَتْرُكُونَهُ، وَ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الشَّرِّ وَ يَرْتَكِبُونَهُ، قَالَ: يَا مَعَاشِرَ الْيَهُودِ أَ تَأْمُرُونَ النَّاسَ بِالْبِرِّ بِالصَّدَقَاتِ وَ أَدَاءِ الْأَمَانَاتِ‏ وَ تَنْسَوْنَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ‏

Then Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said to a group of apostate Jews and hypocrite, the withholders of the wealth of the poor, the devourers for the rich, those who were instructing (others) with the goodness and were neglecting it (themselves), and were forbidding (others) from the evil and they were indulging in it (themselves): “O group of Jews! You are instructing the people with the righteousness [2:44] – with the giving of charities, and paying back the entrustments and are forgetting yourselves.

أَ فَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ‏ مَا بِهِ تَأْمُرُونَ‏ وَ أَنْتُمْ تَتْلُونَ الْكِتابَ‏: التَّوْرَاةَ الْآمِرَةَ بِالْخَيْرَاتِ النَّاهِيَةَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرَاتِ، المُخْبِرَةَ عَنْ عِقَابِ الْمُتَمَرِّدِينَ، وَ عَنْ عَظِيمِ الشَّرَفِ- الَّذِي يَتَطَوَّلُ اللَّهُ بِهِ عَلَى الطَّائِعِينَ الْمُجْتَهِدِينَ.

Are you not understanding what you are instructing with and you are reciting the Book – The Torah, the Enjoiner of the goodness and the Forbidder from the evil, and Informer of the consequential Punishment of the apostates, and about the great nobility which Allah^-azwj would be Extending upon the obedient ones, the strivers.

أَ فَلا تَعْقِلُونَ‏ مَا عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ عِقَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- فِي أَمْرِكُمْ بِمَا بِهِ لَا تَأْخُذُونَ، وَ فِي نَهْيِكُمْ عَمَّا أَنْتُمْ فِيهِ مُنْهَمِكُونَ. وَ كَانَ هَؤُلَاءِ قَوْمٌ مِنْ رُؤَسَاءِ الْيَهُودِ وَ عُلَمَائِهِمْ- احْتَجَنُوا أَمْوَالَ الصَّدَقَاتِ وَ الْمَبَرَّاتِ، فَأَكَلُوهَا وَ اقْتَطَعُوهَا،

Are you not using your intellects – what is upon you from the Punishment of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic regarding your instructing with what you are not taking to, and your forbidding from what you are occupied in. And it was so that they were a group of the chiefs of the Jews and their scholars, withholding the wealth of the charities and handouts, and they were consuming these cutting these off (from the poor).[66]

العياشي: عن يعقوب بن شعيب، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: قلت: قوله: أَ تَأْمُرُونَ النَّاسَ بِالْبِرِّ وَ تَنْسَوْنَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ؟ قال: فوضع يده على حلقه، قال كالذابح نفسه.

Al Ayyashi, from Yaqoub Bin Shuayb,

(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah^-asws, said, ‘I asked, ‘(What about) His^-azwj Words: You are instructing the people with the righteousness and are forgetting yourselves [2:44]?’ He (the narrator) said, ‘So he^-asws placed his^-asws hand upon his^-asws throat (and) said: ‘Like the slaughtering of his own self (by not acting upon themselves – hence killing their own souls)’’.[67]

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا رَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ مَا الْعَقْلُ قَالَ مَا عُبِدَ بِهِ الرَّحْمَنُ وَ اكْتُسِبَ بِهِ الْجِنَانُ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَالَّذِي كَانَ فِي مُعَاوِيَةَ فَقَالَ تِلْكَ النَّكْرَاءُ تِلْكَ الشَّيْطَنَةُ وَ هِيَ شَبِيهَةٌ بِالْعَقْلِ وَ لَيْسَتْ بِالْعَقْلِ .

Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from one of our companions,

(It has been narrated) raising it to Abu Abdullah^-asws, said, ‘I said to him^-asws, ‘What is the intellect (‘الْعَقْلَ’ Aql)?’ He^-asws said: ‘Through which the Beneficent is worshipped with, and the Gardens are attained with’. I said, ‘So that which was in Muawiya?’ So he^-asws said: ‘That is the heinous, that is the devilry, and it may be disguised as the intellect, but it isn’t the intellect’.[68]

[1] Tafseer Imam Hassan Al Askari^asws – S 92

[2] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 164/ 11.

[3] Tafseer Imam Hassan Al Askari^asws – S 95

[4] Tafseer Furaat – Ch 2 H 13

[5] تفسير القمي 1: 34.

[6] Tafseer Imam Hassan Al Askari^asws – S 96

[7] الكافي 2: 279/ 7. (Extract)

[8] مجمع البيان 1: 165.

[9] Tafseer Imam Hassan Al Askari^asws – S 97

[10] Tafseer Imam Hassan Al Askari^asws – S 99

[11] Tafseer Noor Al Saqalayn – H 71 (Extract)

[12] الكافي 8: 145/ 116

[13] Tafseer Imam Hassan Al Askari^asws – S 100

[14] تفسير القمّي 1: 36

[15] Tafseer Abu Hamza Sumaly – Ch 2 H 13

[16] Tafseer Noor Al Saqalayn – H 78

[17] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 30/ 7

[18] Those Prophets^as who were Given Divine Books

[19] Bashaarat Al Mustafa^saww Li Shia Al Murtaza^asws – P 4 H 12

[20] Tafseer Al Ayyashi – Ch 2  H 4

[21] Tafseer Noor Al Saqalayn – H 73

[22] مائة منقبة: 125 منقبة 59.

[23] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 31/ 8.

[24] Basaair Al Darajaat – P 5 Ch 10 H 6

[25] Al Kafi – V 4 – The Book of Hajj Ch 2 H 1

[26] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 33/ 14.

[27] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 32/ 10.

[28] Tafseer Imam Hassan Al-Askari^asws – S 101

[29] Tafseer Imam Hassan Al Askari^asws – S 102

[30] Tafseer Noor Al Saqalayn – H 101

[31] Tafseer Noor Al Saqalayn – H 102

[32] الكافي 1: 353/ 73

[33] Al Kafi – H 14861

[34] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 165 H 6

[35] الكافي 2: 284/ 8.

[36] تفسير القمّي 1: 35.

[37] الكافي 2: 303/ 1.

[38] التفسير المنسوب إلى الإمام العسكري (عليه السّلام) 385/ 265

[39] Tafseer Imam Hassan Al Askari^asws – S 103

[40] عيون أخبار الرّضا (عليه السّلام) 1: 195/ 1

[41] علل الشرائع: 600/ 55.

[42] الخصال: 396/ 103.

[43] معاني الأخبار: 108/ 1

[44] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 61 H 11

[45] Tafseer Imam Hassan Al Askari^asws – S 104

[46] Tafseer Imam Hassan Al Askari^asws – S 105

[47] Tafseer Al Ayyashi – H 27

[48] Tafseer Al Ayyashi – H 29

[49] Al Kafi – H 14920

[50] Tafseer Imam Hassan Al Askari^asws – S 106

[51] Tafseer Imam Hassan Al Askari^asws – S 107

[52] Tafseer Noor Al Saqalayn – H 158

[53] علل الشرائع: 43/ 1

[54] الكافي 1: 357/ 89.

[55] معاني الأخبار: 372/ 1

[56] الاختصاص: 242

[57] Tafseer Imam Hassan Al Askari^asws – S 108

[58] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 42/ 31.

[59] Tafseer Imam Hassan Al Askari ^asws – S 109

[60] Tafseer Imam Hassan Al Askari ^asws – S 110

[61] Al Kafi V 3 – The Book Of Zakaat CH 2 H 23

[62] Tafseer Imam Hassan Al Askari ^asws – S 111

[63] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 42/ 32

[64] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 43/ 36. (Extract)

[65] المناقب 2: 13، النور المشتعل: 40/ 1

[66] Tafseer Imam Hassan Al Askari^asws – S 114

[67] تفسير العياشي 1: 43/ 37.

[68] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 3