Summary:
The Battle of Motah (مَعْرَكَة مُؤْتَة, or غَزْوَة مُؤْتَة) was a battle or skirmish fought in 8th year of Hijri, near the village of Mutah, East of the Jordan River, in Karak, between the Muslim forces and the forces of the Byzantine Empire and their Arab Christian Allies.
و قال عبد الحميد بن أبي الحديد في شرح نهج البلاغة روى الواقدي عن عمر بن الحكم قال بعث رسول الله ص الحارث بن عمير الأزدي في سنة ثمان إلى ملك بصرى بكتاب فلما نزل مؤتة عرض له شرحبيل بن عمرو الغساني فقال أين تريد قال الشام قال لعلك من رسل محمد قال نعم
And Abdullah Al-Hameed Bin Abu Al-Hadeed said in the commentary on (the book) ‘Nahj Al-Balagah’ – It is reported by Al-Waqidy, from Umar Bin Al-Hakam who said, ‘Rasool-Allah-saww sent Al-Haris Bin Umar Al-Azdy in the year eight to the king of Busra with a letter. When he descended at Motah, there presented to him Sharhabeel Bin Amro Al-Gasany. He said, ‘Where are you intending (to go to)?’ He said, ‘Syria’. He said, ‘Perhaps (you are) from the messengers of Muhammad-saww’. He said, ‘Yes’.
فأمر به فأوثق رباطا ثم قدمه فضرب عنقه صبرا و لم يقتل لرسول الله ص رسول غيره و بلغ ذلك رسول الله ص فاشتد عليه و ندب الناس و أخبرهم بقتل الحارث فأسرعوا و خرجوا فعسكروا بالجرف فلما صلى رسول الله ص
He ordered with him to be bound, then brought him forward and struck off his neck, and no messenger of Rasool-Allah-saww was killed apart from him, and that reached Rasool-Allah-saww, he-saww intensified upon it and called the people and gave them a choice with the killing of Al-Haris.
Rasool Allah-saww dispatch soldiers to Al-Gasany;
وَ رَوَى الْوَاقِدِيُّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص خَطَبَهُمْ فَأَوْصَاهُمْ فَقَالَ أُوصِيكُمْ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ وَ بِمَنْ مَعَكُمْ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ خَيْراً اغْزُوا بِسْمِ اللَّهِ وَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ قَاتِلُوا مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ لَا تَغْدِرُوا وَ لَا تَغُلُّوا وَ لَا تَقْتُلُوا وَلِيداً وَ إِذَا لَقِيتَ عَدُوَّكَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى إِحْدَى ثَلَاثٍ فَأَيَّتُهُنَّ [مَا] أَجَابُوكَ إِلَيْهَا فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَ اكْفُفْ عَنْهُمْ
And it is reported by Al-Waqidy, by his chain from Zayd Bin Arqam, ‘Rasool-Allah-saww addressed them (soldiers) and advised them saying: ‘I-saww advise you all with fearing Allah-azwj and goodness with the ones from the Muslims with you. Battle in the Name of Allah-azwj and in the Way of Allah-azwj. Fight the one who disbelieves in Allah-azwj and neither be treacherous, nor be excessive, nor kill children; and when you meet your enemies from the Polytheists, then call them to one of the three, so whichever they answer you to, accept from them, and refrain from them.
ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى الدُّخُولِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ فَإِنْ فَعَلُوهُ فَاقْبَلْ وَ اكْفُفْ ثُمَّ ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى التَّحَوُّلِ مِنْ دَارِهِمْ إِلَى دَارِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ فَإِنْ فَعَلُوا فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّ لَهُمْ مَا لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا عَلَى الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَ إِنْ دَخَلُوا فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَ اخْتَارُوا دَارَهُمْ فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ يَكُونُونَ كَأَعْرَابِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَجْرِي عَلَيْهِمْ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ وَ لَا يَكُونُ لَهُمْ فِي الْفَيْءِ وَ لَا فِي الْغَنِيمَةِ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ
Call them to enter into (the fold of) Al-Islam, and if they do so then accept and refrain. Then call them to the transferring from their houses to a house of the emigrants, and if they do so, then inform them that for them is what is for the emigrants and against them is what is against the emigrants, and if they enter into Al-Islam and choose their houses, then inform them that they would become like the Bedouins of the Muslims. The Judgment of Allah-azwj would flow upon them and there would not happen to be for them anything as the war booty and the spoils, except that they will be fighting alongside the Muslims.
فَإِنْ أَبَوْا فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى إِعْطَاءِ الْجِزْيَةِ فَإِنْ فَعَلُوا فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَ اكْفُفْ عَنْهُمْ فَإِنْ أَبَوْا فَاسْتَعِنْ بِاللَّهِ وَ قَاتِلْهُمْ وَ إِنْ أَنْتَ حَاصَرْتَ أَهْلَ حِصْنٍ أَوْ مَدِينَةٍ فَأَرَادُوا أَنْ تَسْتَنْزِلَهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِ اللَّهِ فَلَا تَسْتَنْزِلْهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِ اللَّهِ وَ لَكِنْ أَنْزِلْهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِكَ فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَدْرِي أَ تُصِيبُ حُكْمَ اللَّهِ فِيهِمْ أَمْ لَا
If they refuse, then call them to give the tribute (taxes), so if they do so then accept from them and refrain from them. But if they refuse then seek Assistance with Allah-azwj and fight them; and if you were to besiege the people of a fort or a city and they intend to descend to you upon the Judgment of Allah-azwj, do not let them descend upon the Judgment of Allah-azwj, but descend them upon your decision, for you do not know whether you will hit the correct Judgment of Allah-azwj regarding them or not.[1]
وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع أَنَّهُ اسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ جَعْفَراً فَإِنْ قُتِلَ فَزَيْدٌ فَإِنْ قُتِلَ فَابْنُ رَوَاحَةَ ثُمَّ خَرَجُوا حَتَّى نَزَلُوا مَعَانَ فَبَلَغَهُمْ أَنَّ هِرَقْلَ مَلِكَ الرُّومِ قَدْ نَزَلَ بِمَأْرِبَ فِي مِائَةِ أَلْفٍ مِنَ الرُّومِ وَ مِائَةِ أَلْفٍ مِنَ الْمُسْتَعْرِبَةِ.
And in a report of Abbas Bin Usman,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws: ‘He-saww made/appointed Ja’far-asws upon them, so if he-asws is killed, then Zayd, and if he is killed then Ibn Rawaha. Then they went out until they descended Ma’an and it reached them that Hercules king of Rome has descended at Ma’arib among a hundred thousand from the Romans and one hundred thousand from the Arabs’.[2]
و قال ابن عبد البر في الاستيعاب كانت سن جعفر ع يوم قتل إحدى و أربعين سنة.
And Ibn Abd Al-Birr said in (the book) ‘Al-Istiyaab’ – ‘The age of Ja’far-asws on the day he-asws was killed was forty-one years’’.[3]
Background:
المناقب لابن شهرآشوب ابْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ الْمَامَطِيرِيُ فِي مَجَالِسِهِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ كَتَبَ إِلَى كِسْرَى مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ إِلَى كِسْرَى بْنِ هُرْمُزْدَ أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَأَسْلِمْ تَسْلَمْ وَ إِلَّا فَأْذَنْ بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَ رَسُولِهِ وَ السَّلامُ عَلى مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الْهُدى
(The book) ‘Al-Manaqib of Ibn Shehr Ashub – Ibn Mahdi Al Mamatiri, in his gatherings – ‘The Prophet-sawwwrote to Chosroe: ‘From Muhammad-saww Rasool-saww of Allah-azwj to Chosroe Bin Hurmuzd. As for after, become a Muslim, submit, or else be proclaimed with a war from Allah‑azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww: and the greetings be upon one who follows the Guidance [20:47]’.
فَلَمَّا وَصَلَ إِلَيْهِ الْكِتَابُ مَزَّقَهُ وَ اسْتَخَفَّ بِهِ وَ قَالَ مَنْ هَذَا الَّذِي يَدْعُونِي إِلَى دِينِهِ وَ يَبْدَأُ بِاسْمِهِ قَبْلَ اسْمِي وَ بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ بِتُرَابٍ
When the letter arrived to him, he tore it and belittled with it and said, ‘Who is this one calling me to his-sawwReligion, and he-saww begins with his-saww own name before my name?’, and sent the soil to him-saww.
فَقَالَ ص مَزَّقَ اللَّهُ مُلْكَهُ كَمَا مَزَّقَ كِتَابِي أَمَا إِنَّهُ سَتُمَزِّقُونَ مُلْكَهُ وَ بَعَثَ إِلَيَّ بِتُرَابٍ أَمَا إِنَّكُمْ سَتَمْلِكُونَ أَرْضَهُ فَكَانَ كَمَا قَالَ.
He-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj will Tear his kingdom just as he tore my-saww letter, and it is he would be torn up; and he sends the soil to me-saww, but you (Muslims) will be ruling his soil (land)’. So, it happened as he-saww said’’.
الْمَاوَرْدِيُّ فِي أَعْلَامِ النُّبُوَّةِ إِنَّ كِسْرَى كَتَبَ فِي الْوَقْتِ إِلَى عَامِلِهِ بِالْيَمَنِ بَاذَانَ وَ يُكَنَّى أَبَا مِهْرَانَ أَنِ احْمِلْ إِلَيَّ هَذَا الَّذِي يَذْكُرُ أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ وَ بَدَأَ بِاسْمِهِ قَبْلَ اسْمِي وَ دَعَانِي إِلَى غَيْرِ دِينِي
Al-Mawardy in (the book) ‘Alam Al-Wara – Chosroe wrote during the time to his office bearer in Al-Yemen, ‘Woe be unto you, O Abu Mihran! Bring to me this one who had mentioned that he-saww is a Prophet-saww, and he-saww begins with his-saww own name before my name, and calls me to other than my religion’.
فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ فَيْرُوزَ الدَّيْلَمِيَّ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ مَعَ كِتَابٍ يَذْكُرُ فِيهِ مَا كَتَبَ بِهِ كِسْرَى فَأَتَاهُ فَيْرُوزُ بِمَنْ مَعَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ إِنَّ كِسْرَى أَمَرَنِي أَحْمِلُكَ إِلَيْهِ فَاسْتَنْظَرَهُ لَيْلَةً فَلَمَّا كَانَ مِنَ الْغَدِ حَضَرَ فَيْرُوزُ مُسْتَحِثّاً فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص أَخْبَرَنِي رَبِّي أَنَّهُ قَتَلَ رَبَّكَ الْبَارِحَةَ سَلَّطَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ ابْنَهُ شِيرَوَيْهِ عَلَى سَبْعِ سَاعَاتٍ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَأَمْسِكْ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَكَ الْخَبَرُ
So, he sent Feyruz Al-Daylami among a group with a letter mentioning in it what Chosroe had written with. So, Feyruz came with the ones with him and said to him-saww, ‘Chosroe has ordered me to carry you-saww to him’. He-saww told him to wait for a night. When it was morning, Feyruz presented induced. The Prophet-saww said: ‘My-saww Lord-azwj Informed me-saww that your lord was killed last night. Allah-azwj Caused his son Sheyrawiys to overcome upon him, at seven hours from the night, therefore withhold until the news comes to you’.
فَرَاعَ ذَلِكَ فَيْرُوزَ وَ هَالَهُ وَ عَادَ إِلَى بَاذَانَ فَأَخْبَرَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ بَاذَانُ كَيْفَ وَجَدْتَ نَفْسَكَ حِينَ دَخَلْتَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ وَ اللَّهِ مَا هِبْتُ أَحَداً كَهَيْبَةِ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ فَوَصَلَ الْخَبَرُ بِقَتْلِهِ فِي تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةِ مِنْ تِلْكَ السَّاعَةِ فَأَسْلَمَا جَمِيعاً وَ ظَهَرَ الْعَبْسِيُ وَ مَا افْتَرَاهُ مِنَ الْكَذِبِ فَأَرْسَلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ .
That scared Feyruz and left him-saww and returned to Bazan and informed him. Bazan said to him, ‘How did you find yourself to be when you entered to see him-saww?’ He said, ‘By Allah‑azwj! No one has knocked me down like this man’. The news of his killing arrived during that night, of that time. They both became Muslims together’’ (An extract).[4]
Introduction:
وَ رَوَى الْوَاقِدِيُّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص خَطَبَهُمْ فَأَوْصَاهُمْ فَقَالَ أُوصِيكُمْ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ وَ بِمَنْ مَعَكُمْ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ خَيْراً اغْزُوا بِسْمِ اللَّهِ وَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ قَاتِلُوا مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ لَا تَغْدِرُوا وَ لَا تَغُلُّوا وَ لَا تَقْتُلُوا وَلِيداً وَ إِذَا لَقِيتَ عَدُوَّكَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى إِحْدَى ثَلَاثٍ فَأَيَّتُهُنَّ [مَا] أَجَابُوكَ إِلَيْهَا فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَ اكْفُفْ عَنْهُمْ
And it is reported by Al-Waqidy, by his chain from Zayd Bin Arqam, ‘Rasool-Allah-saww addressed them (the Muslim soldiers when dispatching) and advised them saying: ‘I-saww advise you all with fearing Allah-azwj and goodness with the ones from the Muslims with you. Battle in the Name of Allah-azwj and in the Way of Allah-azwj. Fight the one who disbelieves in Allah-azwj and neither be treacherous, nor be excessive, nor kill children; and when you meet your enemies from the Polytheists, then call them to one of the three, so whichever they answer you to, accept from the, and refrain from them.
ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى الدُّخُولِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ فَإِنْ فَعَلُوهُ فَاقْبَلْ وَ اكْفُفْ ثُمَّ ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى التَّحَوُّلِ مِنْ دَارِهِمْ إِلَى دَارِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ فَإِنْ فَعَلُوا فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّ لَهُمْ مَا لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا عَلَى الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَ إِنْ دَخَلُوا فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَ اخْتَارُوا دَارَهُمْ فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ يَكُونُونَ كَأَعْرَابِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَجْرِي عَلَيْهِمْ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ وَ لَا يَكُونُ لَهُمْ فِي الْفَيْءِ وَ لَا فِي الْغَنِيمَةِ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ
Call them to entering into (the fold of) Al-Islam, and if they do so then accept and refrain. Then call them to the transferring from their houses to a house of the emigrants, and if they do so, then inform them that for them is what is for the emigrants and against them is what is against the emigrants, and if they enter into Al-Islam and choose their houses, then inform them that they would become like the Bedouins of the Muslims. The Judgment of Allah-azwj would flow upon them and there would not happen to be for them anything is the war booty and the spoils, except that they will be fighting alongside the Muslims.
فَإِنْ أَبَوْا فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى إِعْطَاءِ الْجِزْيَةِ فَإِنْ فَعَلُوا فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَ اكْفُفْ عَنْهُمْ فَإِنْ أَبَوْا فَاسْتَعِنْ بِاللَّهِ وَ قَاتِلْهُمْ وَ إِنْ أَنْتَ حَاصَرْتَ أَهْلَ حِصْنٍ أَوْ مَدِينَةٍ فَأَرَادُوا أَنْ تَسْتَنْزِلَهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِ اللَّهِ فَلَا تَسْتَنْزِلْهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِ اللَّهِ وَ لَكِنْ أَنْزِلْهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِكَ فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَدْرِي أَ تُصِيبُ حُكْمَ اللَّهِ فِيهِمْ أَمْ لَا
If they refuse, then call them to giving the tribute (taxes), so if they do so then accept from them and refrain from them. But if they refuse then seek Assistance with Allah-azwj and fight them; and if you were to besiege the people of a fort or a city and they intend to descend to you upon the Judgment of Allah-azwj, do not let them descend upon the Judgment of Allah-azwj, but descend them upon your decision, for you do not know whether you will hit the correct Judgment of Allah-azwj regarding them or not.
قَالَ فَلَمَّا وَدَّعَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ لَهُ مُرْنِي بِشَيْءٍ أَحْفَظْهُ عَنْكَ قَالَ إِنَّكَ قَادِمٌ غَداً بَلَداً السُّجُودُ بِهِ قَلِيلٌ فَأَكْثِرِ السُّجُودَ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ زِدْنِي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ اذْكُرِ اللَّهَ فَإِنَّهُ عَوْنٌ لَكَ عَلَى مَا تَطْلُبُ
He said, ‘When Abdullah Bin Rawaha bade farewell to Rasool-Allah-saww, he said to him-asws, ‘Instruct me with something I can preserve it from you-saww’. He-saww said: ‘You will set foot in a city tomorrow where few Sajdahs are performed, so frequent the Sajdahs’. Abdullah said, ‘Increase for me, O Rasool-Allah-saww!’ He-saww said: ‘Mention Allah-azwj for He-azwj will be Assisting you upon whatever you seek’.
فَقَامَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ حَتَّى إِذَا مَضَى ذَاهِباً رَجَعَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَتْرٌ يُحِبُّ الْوَتْرَ فَقَالَ يَا ابْنَ رَوَاحَةَ مَا عَجَزْتَ فَلَا تَعْجَزْ إِنْ أَسَأْتَ عَشْراً أَنْ تُحْسِنَ وَاحِدَةً فَقَالَ ابْنُ رَوَاحَةَ لَا أَسْأَلُكَ عَنْ شَيْءٍ بَعْدَهَا.
He arose from his-saww presence until when he wanted to go, he returned and said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! Allah-azwj is a Planner, He-azwj Loves the planning’. He-saww said: ‘O Ibn Rawaha! Whatever frustrates you, so you cannot do it. If you forget ten then be good with one’. Ibn Rawaha said, ‘I will not ask you-saww about anything after it’’.
قَالَ وَ قَدْ رَوَى جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص خُلِقَ النَّاسُ مِنْ أَشْجَارٍ شَتَّى وَ خُلِقْتُ أَنَا وَ جَعْفَرٌ مِنْ شَجَرَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ أَوْ قَالَ مِنْ طِينَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ.
He said, ‘And it has been reported by Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, from his-asws father-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The people have been Created from various trees (lineages), and I-saww and Ja’far-asws are from one tree’, or said: ‘From one essence (clay)’’.
وَ بِالْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لِجَعْفَرٍ أَشْبَهْتَ خَلْقِي وَ خُلُقِي.
And by the chain, said, ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said to Ja’far-asws: ‘You-asws resemble my-saww body and my-sawwmanners’’.
و قال ابن عبد البر في الاستيعاب كانت سن جعفر ع يوم قتل إحدى و أربعين سنة.
And Ibn Abd Al-Birr said in (the book) ‘Al-Istiyaab’ – ‘The age of Ja’far-asws on the day he-asws was killed was forty-one years’’.
وَ قَدْ رَوَى سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ: مُثِّلَ لِي جَعْفَرٌ وَ زَيْدٌ وَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ فِي خَيْمَةٍ مِنْ دُرٍّ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ عَلَى سَرِيرٍ فَرَأَيْتُ زَيْداً وَ ابْنَ رَوَاحَةَ فِي أَعْنَاقِهِمَا صُدُودٌ وَ رَأَيْتُ جَعْفَراً مُسْتَقِيماً لَيْسَ فِيهِ صُدُودٌ فَسَأَلْتُ فَقِيلَ لِي إِنَّهُمَا حِينَ غَشِيَهُمَا الْمَوْتُ أَعْرَضَا وَ صَدَّا بِوَجْهِهِمَا وَ أَمَّا جَعْفَرٌ فَلَمْ يَفْعَلْ.
And it has been reported by Saeed Bin Al-Musayyab that Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘They were resembled for me-saww Ja’far-asws and Zayd and Abdullah in a tent of gems, each one of them was upon a bed, and I-sawwsaw Zayd and Ibn Rawaha having a block in their necks, and I-saww saw Ja’far-asws standing not having a scarf in him-asws. I-saww asked, and it was said to me-saww, ‘These two, when they were overwhelmed by the death, turned away and blocked with their faces, and as for Ja’far-asws, he-asws did not do so’’.
و روى الشعبي قال سمعت عبد الله بن جعفر يقول كنت إذا سألت عمي عليا ع شيئا فمنعني أقول له بحق جعفر فيعطيني.
And it reported from Al-Shabi who said, ‘I heard Abdullah son of Ja’far-asws saying, ‘Whenever I asked my uncle-asws Ali-asws about something, and he-asws prevented me, I would say to him‑asws, ‘By the right of Ja’far-asws’, so he-asws would grant me’’.
وَ رُوِيَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص لَمَّا أَتَاهُ قَتْلُ جَعْفَرٍ وَ زَيْدٍ بِمُؤْتَةَ بَكَى وَ قَالَ أَخَوَايَ وَ مُؤْنِسَايَ وَ مُحَدِّثَايَ.
And it is reported that Rasool-Allah-saww, when there came to him-saww (the news of) killing of Ja’far-asws and Zayd at Motah, he-saww cried and said: ‘My-saww two brothers and my-saww comforters and my-sawwdiscussers’’.[5]
Brief account of the Battle of Motah:
المحاسن النَّوْفَلِيُّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ع قَالَ: لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ مُؤْتَةَ كَانَ جَعْفَرٌ عَلَى فَرَسِهِ فَلَمَّا الْتَقَوْا نَزَلَ عَنْ فَرَسِهِ فَعَرْقَبَهَا بِالسَّيْفِ وَ كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ عَرْقَبَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ.
(The book) ‘Al-Mahasin’ – Al-Nowfali, from Al-Sakuni,
‘From Ja’far-asws, from his-asws father-asws having said: ‘When it was the day of Motah, Ja’far-asws was upon his-asws horse. When they met (in battle), he-asws descended from his-asws horse and hamstrung it with the sword, and he-asws was the first one to hamstrung his-asws horse in Al-Islam’’.[6]
الكافي عَلِيٌّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِ مِثْلَهُ.
(The book) ‘Al-Kafi’ – Ali, from his father, from Al-Nowfali – similar to it.[7]
الأمالي للشيخ الطوسي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْقَزْوِينِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ وَهْبَانَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: لَمَّا مَاتَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَاطِمَةَ ع أَنْ تَتَّخِذَ طَعَاماً لِأَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ عُمَيْسٍ وَ تَأْتِيَهَا وَ نِسَاؤُهَا ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَجَرَتْ بِذَلِكَ السُّنَّةُ أَنْ يُصْنَعَ لِأَهْلِ الْمَيِّتِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ طَعَامٌ.
(The book) ‘Al-Amaali’ of the sheykh Al-Tusi – Al-Husayn Bin Ibrahim Al-Qazwiny, from Muhammad Bin Wahban, from Ahmad bin Ibrahim Bin Ahmad, from Al-Hassan Bin Ali Al-Zafrany, from Al-Barqy, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Salim,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When Ja’far-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws died, Rasool-Allah-saww instructed (Syeda) Fatima-asws to take food to Asma Bint Umays and her-asws womenfolk going to her for three days. So, the Sunnah flowed with that food should be made for the family of the deceased for three days’’.[8]
الكافي حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكِنْدِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ الْمِيثَمِيِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: بَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فِي الْمَسْجِدِ إِذْ خُفِضَ لَهُ كُلُّ رَفِيعٍ وَ رُفِعَ لَهُ كُلُّ خَفِيضٍ حَتَّى نَظَرَ إِلَى جَعْفَرٍ يُقَاتِلُ الْكُفَّارَ قَالَ فَقُتِلَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص قُتِلَ جَعْفَرٌ وَ أَخَذَهُ الْمَغْصُ فِي بَطْنِهِ.
(The book) ‘Al-Kafi’ – Humeyd Bin Ziyad, from Al-Hassan Bin Muhammad Al-Kindy, from Ahmad Al-Maysami, from Aban Bin Usman, from Abu Baseer,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘While Rasool-Allah-saww was in the Masjid when every high ground was lowered for him-saww, and every low ground was raised for him-saww until he‑saww looked at Ja’far-asws fighting the Kafirs. He-asws was killed. So, Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Ja’far‑asws is killed and the pain seized him-asws in his-asws belly’’ (out of grief).[9]
Frequent Crying of Rasool Allah-saww on Martyrs:
من لا يحضره الفقيه قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ص حِينَ جَاءَتْهُ وَفَاةُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ كَانَ إِذَا دَخَلَ بَيْتَهُ كَثُرَ بُكَاؤُهُ عَلَيْهِمَا جِدّاً وَ يَقُولُ كَانَا يُحَدِّثَانِي وَ يُؤْنِسَانِي فَذَهَبَا جَمِيعاً.
(The book) ‘Man La Yahzar Al-Faqeeh’ – Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘The Prophet-saww, when the (news of) expiry of Ja’far-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws and Zayd Bin Haris came to him-saww, whenever he‑saww entered his-sawwhouse, he-saww frequented the crying upon them both a lot, and was saying: ‘They used to discussed with me-saww and comfort me-saww, and they are both gone’’.[10]
وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع أَنَّهُ اسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ جَعْفَراً فَإِنْ قُتِلَ فَزَيْدٌ فَإِنْ قُتِلَ فَابْنُ رَوَاحَةَ ثُمَّ خَرَجُوا حَتَّى نَزَلُوا مَعَانَ فَبَلَغَهُمْ أَنَّ هِرَقْلَ مَلِكَ الرُّومِ قَدْ نَزَلَ بِمَأْرِبَ فِي مِائَةِ أَلْفٍ مِنَ الرُّومِ وَ مِائَةِ أَلْفٍ مِنَ الْمُسْتَعْرِبَةِ.
And in a report of Abbas Bin Usman,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws: ‘He-saww made/appointed Ja’far-asws upon them, so if he-asws is killed, then Zayd, and if he is killed then Ibn Rawaha. Then they went out until they descended Ma’an and it reached them that Hercules king of Rome has descended at Ma’arib among a hundred thousand from the Romans and one hundred thousand from the Arabs’.[11]
قَالَ أَبَانٌ وَ حَدَّثَنِي الْفُضَيْلُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: أُصِيبَ يَوْمَئِذٍ جَعْفَرٌ وَ بِهِ خَمْسُونَ جِرَاحَةً خَمْسٌ وَ عِشْرُونَ مِنْهَا فِي وَجْهِهِ.
Aban said, ‘And it is narrated to me by Al-MufazzAl-Bin Yasaar,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Ja’far-asws was injured on that day and with him-asws were fifty wounds, twenty five of these in his face’’.[12]
قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ أَنَا أَحْفَظُ حِينَ دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَلَى أُمِّي فَنَعَى لَهَا أَبِي فَأَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ وَ هُوَ يَمْسَحُ عَلَى رَأْسِي وَ رَأْسِ أَخِي وَ عَيْنَاهُ تهراقان [تُهْرِقَانِ] الدُّمُوعَ حَتَّى تَقْطُرَ لِحْيَتُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ جَعْفَراً قَدْ قَدِمَ إِلَيْكَ إِلَى أَحْسَنِ الثَّوَابِ فَاخْلُفْهُ فِي ذُرِّيَّتِهِ بِأَحْسَنِ مَا خَلَفْتَ أَحَداً مِنْ عِبَادِكَ فِي ذُرِّيَّتِهِ
Abdullah-asws son of Ja’far-asws said, ‘I was protecting my mother when Rasool-Allah-saww entered to see my mother and he-saww gave the news of death of my father-asws to her. I looked at him-saww and he-saww was caressing upon my head and the head of my brother and his-saww eyes were rolling with tears until they wet his-saww beard. Then he-saww said: ‘O Allah-azwj! Ja’far‑asws has proceeded to You-azwj to the excellent Rewards so Replace him-asws in his-asws offspring with the best of what You-azwj have Replaced anyone from Your-azwj servants in his offspring’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا أَسْمَاءُ أَ لَا أُبَشِّرُكِ قَالَتْ بَلَى بِأَبِي وَ أُمِّي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَعَلَ لِجَعْفَرٍ جَنَاحَيْنِ يَطِيرُ بِهِمَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ قَالَتْ فَأَعْلِمِ النَّاسَ ذَلِكَ فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ أَخَذَ بِيَدِي يَمْسَحُ بِيَدِهِ رَأْسِي حَتَّى رَقِيَ إِلَى الْمِنْبَرِ وَ أَجْلَسَنِي أَمَامَهُ عَلَى الدَّرَجَةِ السُّفْلَى وَ الْحُزْنُ يُعْرَفُ عَلَيْهِ
Then he-saww said: ‘O Asma! Shall I-saww give you glad tidings?’ She said, ‘Yes, may my father and my mother (be sacrificed for you-saww), O Rasool-Allah-saww!’ He-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj has Made two wings to be for Ja’far-asws to fly with these in the Paradise’. She said, ‘Then let the people know that’. Rasool-Allah-saww arose and grabbed my hand caressing my head with his‑saww hand until took me to the pulpit and made me to sit in front of him-saww upon lower step, and the grief was recognised upon him-saww.
فَقَالَ إِنَّ الْمَرْءَ كَثِيرٌ [حُزْنُهُ] بِأَخِيهِ وَ ابْنِ عَمِّهِ أَلَا إِنَّ جَعْفَراً قَدِ اسْتُشْهِدَ وَ جُعِلَ لَهُ جَنَاحَانِ يَطِيرُ بِهِمَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ ثُمَّ نَزَلَ ص وَ دَخَلَ بَيْتَهُ وَ أَدْخَلَنِي مَعَهُ وَ أَمَرَ بِطَعَامٍ يُصْنَعُ لِأَجْلِي وَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى أَخِي فَتَغَدَّيْنَا عِنْدَهُ غَدَاءً طَيِّباً مُبَارَكاً وَ أَقَمْنَا ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فِي بَيْتِهِ نَدُورُ مَعَهُ كُلَّمَا صَارَ فِي بَيْتِ إِحْدَى نِسَائِهِ ثُمَّ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى بَيْتِنَا
And he-saww said, I am-saww a lot [sorrowful] with his brother and cousin. Indeed! Ja’far-asws has been martyred and two wings have been made to be for him to fly with these in the Paradise’. Then he-saww descended and entered his-saww house and entered me into it with him-saww and instructed for food to be cooked for me and sent a message to my brother. So, we had lunch with him-saww, good food, Blessed, and we stayed for three days in his-saww house, going around with him-saww every time he-saww went into house of any one of his-sawwwives. Then we returned to our house.
فَأَتَانَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ أَنَا أُسَاوِمُ شَاةَ أَخٍ لِي فَقَالَ اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَهُ فِي صَفْقَتِهِ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ فَمَا بِعْتُ شَيْئاً وَ لَا اشْتَرَيْتُ شَيْئاً إِلَّا بُورِكَ لِي فِيهِ.
Rasool-Allah-saww came to us and I was bargaining for a sheep for a brother of mine, and he‑saww said: ‘O Allah-azwj! Bless for him in his dealings’. Abdullah said, ‘I did not sell anything nor bought anything except there was Blessing in it for me’’.
قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لِفَاطِمَةَ اذْهَبِي فَابْكِي عَلَى ابْنِ عَمِّكِ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَدْعِي بِثُكْلٍ فَمَا قُلْتِ فَقَدْ صَدَقْتِ.
Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said to (Syeda) Fatima-asws: ‘Go and cry upon the son of your-aswsuncle-asws, so even if you-asws do not supplicate with heaviness (in your-asws heart), whatever you-asws say, you-asws would have been truthful’.
و ذكر محمد بن إسحاق عن عروة قال لما أقبل أصحاب مؤتة تلقاهم رسول الله ص و المسلمون معه فجعلوا يحثون عليهم التراب و يقولون يا فرار فررتم في سبيل الله فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَيْسُوا بِفَرَّارٍ وَ لَكِنَّهُمُ الْكَرَّارُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ.
And Muhammad Bin Is’haq mentioned from Urwa who said, ‘When the companions of Motah came Rasool-Allah-saww met them and the Muslims were with him-saww. They went on pouring the soil upon them and saying, ‘O escapers, you have fled in the Way of Allah-azwj!’ Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘They aren’t fleers, but they are the attackers, if Allah-azwj so Desires’’.[13]
The Crying over the Martyrs:
قرب الإسناد مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى عَنِ الْقَدَّاحِ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع مِنَّا سَبْعَةٌ خَلَقَهُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَمْ يَخْلُقْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مِثْلَهُمْ مِنَّا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص سَيِّدُ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَ الْآخِرِينَ وَ خَاتَمُ النَّبِيِّينَ وَ وَصِيُّهُ خَيْرُ الْوَصِيِّينَ وَ سِبْطَاهُ خَيْرُ الْأَسْبَاطِ حَسَناً وَ حُسَيْناً وَ سَيِّدُ الشُّهَدَاءِ حَمْزَةُ عَمُّهُ وَ مَنْ طَارَ مَعَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ جَعْفَرٌ وَ الْقَائِمُ ع.
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Asnaad – Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Qaddah,
‘From Ja’far-asws, from his-asws father-asws having said: ‘Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws said: ‘From us there are seven, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Created them, He-azwj did not Create anyone in the earth like them – From us is Rasool-Allah-saww Chief of the former ones and the latter ones, and seal of the Prophets-as, and his-saww successor-asws is the best of the successors-as, and his-saww grandsons-asws are the best of the grandsons-asws Hassan-asws and Husayn-asws, and chief of the martyrs Hamza-asws, and one who flies along with the Angels Ja’far-asws, and Al-Qaim-asws’’.[14]
الْإِسْتِيعَابُ، رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص أَنَّهُ قَالَ: حَمْزَةُ سَيِّدُ الشُّهَدَاءِ وَ رُوِيَ خَيْرُ الشُّهَدَاءِ وَ لَوْ لَا أَنْ تَجِدَهُ صَفِيَّةُ لَتَرَكْتُ دَفْنَهُ حَتَّى يُحْشَرَ مِنْ بُطُونِ الطَّيْرِ وَ السِّبَاعِ وَ كَانَ قَدْ مُثِّلَ بِهِ وَ بِأَصْحَابِهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ
(The book) ‘Al-Istiyaab’ – It is reported from the Prophet-saww having said: ‘Hamza-asws is chief of the martyrs’; and it is reported: ‘Best of the martyrs, and had you not found him-asws as purified, I-saww would have neglected burying him-asws until he-asws would have been resurrected from the bellies of the bird and the predators’, and he-asws and his-asws companions (bodies) had been trampled (by horses) on that day (of Ohad)’.
قَالَ وَ كَانَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ أَشْبَهَ النَّاسِ خَلْقاً وَ خُلُقاً بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ كَانَ جَعْفَرٌ أَكْبَرَ مِنْ عَلِيٍّ بِعَشْرِ سِنِينَ وَ كَانَ عَقِيلٌ أَكْبَرَ مِنْ جَعْفَرٍ بِعَشْرِ سِنِينَ وَ كَانَ طَالِبٌ أَكْبَرَ مِنْ عَقِيلٍ بِعَشْرِ سِنِينَ وَ كَانَ جَعْفَرٌ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ هَاجَرَ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ
He-asws said: ‘And Ja’far-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws was the most resembling of the people with Rasool-Allah-sawwin manners and physique, and Ja’far-asws was older than Ali-asws by ten years, and Aqeel was older than Ja’far-asws by ten years, and Talib-asws was older than Aqeel by ten years; and Ja’far-asws was from the first of the emigrants to emigrate to the land of Ethiopia.
وَ قَدِمَ مِنْهَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص حِينَ فَتْحِ خَيْبَرَ فَتَلَقَّاهُ النَّبِيُّ ص وَ اعْتَنَقَهُ وَ قَالَ مَا أَدْرِي بِأَيِّهِمَا أَنَا أَشَدُّ فَرَحاً بِقُدُومِ جَعْفَرٍ أَمْ بِفَتْحِ خَيْبَرَ وَ كَانَ قُدُومُهُ وَ أَصْحَابُهُ مِنْ أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ فِي السَّنَةِ السَّابِعَةِ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ وَ اخْتَطَّ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِلَى جَنْبِ الْمَسْجِدِ
And he-asws arrived from it to Rasool-Allah-saww when Khayber had been conquered. The Prophet-saww met him-asws and hugged him-asws and said: ‘I-saww do not know which of the two I-saww am more happier, with the arrival of Ja’far-asws or with the conquest of Khayber; and his-asws and his-asws companion’s arrival from the land of Ethiopia was during the year seven from the emigration, and Rasool-Allah-saww lined up (the companions) for him-asws to the side of the Masjid.
ثُمَّ غَزَا غَزْوَةَ مُؤْتَةَ فِي سَنَةِ ثَمَانٍ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ وَ قَاتَلَ فِيهَا حَتَّى قُطِعَتْ يَدَاهُ جَمِيعاً ثُمَّ قُتِلَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَبْدَلَهُ بِيَدَيْهِ جَنَاحَيْنِ يَطِيرُ بِهِمَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ حَيْثُ شَاءَ فَمِنْ هُنَالِكَ قِيلَ لَهُ جَعْفَرٌ ذُو الْجَنَاحَيْنِ.
Then there was the military expedition of Motah in the year eight from the emigration, and he-asws fought in it until both his-asws hands were cut off, then he-asws was killed. Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj Replaced him-asws with two wings he-asws is flying with in the Paradise wherever he-asws so desires to. So, from then, it is said for him-asws ‘Zul-Janahayn’ (One with two wings)’’.
وَ عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ قَالَ: أُرِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فِي النَّوْمِ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ذَا جَنَاحَيْنِ مُضَرَّجاً بِالدَّمِ.
And from Salim Bin Abu Al-Ja’ad who said, ‘Rasool-Allah-saww saw in the dream Ja’far-asws Bin Abu Talib-aswswith two wings stained with the blood’’.
وَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: وَجَدْنَا مَا بَيْنَ صَدْرِ جَعْفَرٍ وَ مَنْكِبَيْهِ وَ مَا أَقْبَلَ مِنْهُ تِسْعِينَ جِرَاحَةً مَا بَيْنَ ضَرْبَةٍ بِالسَّيْفِ وَ طَعْنَةٍ بِالرُّمْحِ وَ لَمَّا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ص نَعْيُ جَعْفَرٍ أَتَى امْرَأَتَهُ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتَ عُمَيْسٍ فَعَزَّاهَا فِي زَوْجِهَا جَعْفَرٍ وَ دَخَلَتْ فَاطِمَةُ وَ هِيَ تَبْكِي وَ تَقُولُ وَا عَمَّاهْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَلَى مِثْلِ جَعْفَرٍ فَلْتَبْكِ الْبَوَاكِي.
And from Ibn Umar who said, ‘We found what is between the chest of Ja’far-asws and his-asws shoulders and what faces from it, ninety injuries, what is between the strike of the sword, and stab of the spear. And when the news of expiry of Ja’far-asws came to the Prophet-saww, his-asws wife Asma Bint Umays came, and he-sawwconsoled her regarding her husband Ja’far-asws; and (Syeda) Fatima-asws came and she-asws was crying and saying: ‘Waah uncle!’ Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Upon the likes of Ja’far-asws, let the crying ones cry’’.
وَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ص قَالَ لِجَعْفَرٍ أَشْبَهْتَ خَلْقِي وَ خُلُقِي يَا جَعْفَرُ.
And from Ali-asws: ‘The Prophet-saww said to Ja’far-asws: ‘You-asws resemble my-saww physique and my-sawwmanners, O Ja’far-asws!’’
وَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص دَخَلْتُ الْبَارِحَةَ الْجَنَّةَ فَإِذَا فِيهَا جَعْفَرٌ يَطِيرُ مَعَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَ إِذَا حَمْزَةُ مَعَ أَصْحَابِهِ.
And from Ibn Abbas who said, ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Last night I-saww entered the Paradise and therein was Ja’far-asws flying around along with the Angels, and there was Hamza-asws with his-asws companions’’. [15]
الأمالي للصدوق الْهَمْدَانِيُّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنِ الْيَقْطِينِيِّ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ ثَابِتِ بْنِ أَبِي صَفِيَّةَ قَالَ: نَظَرَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ سَيِّدُ الْعَابِدِينَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ إِلَى عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع فَاسْتَعْبَرَ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا مِنْ يَوْمٍ أَشَدَّ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص مِنْ يَوْمِ أُحُدٍ قُتِلَ فِيهِ عَمُّهُ حَمْزَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ أَسَدُ اللَّهِ وَ أَسَدُ رَسُولِهِ وَ بَعْدَهُ يَوْمُ مُؤْتَةَ قُتِلَ فِيهِ ابْنُ عَمِّهِ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – Al Hamdany, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Al Yaqteeny, from Yunus, from Ibn Asbaat, from ali Bin Salim, from his father, from Sabit bin Abu Safiya who said,
‘Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws, Chief of the worshippers looked at Ubeydullah Bin Abbas son of Ali‑asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, and suddenly burst out crying, then said: ‘There was no day severer upon Rasool-Allah-saww than the day of Ohad. His-saww uncle-asws Hamza-asws Bin Abdul Muttalib-asws was killed during it, lion of Allah-azwjand lion of His-azwj Rasool-saww; and after it the day of Motah, son of his-saww uncle-asws Ja’far-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws was killed during it’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ ع وَ لَا يَوْمَ كَيَوْمِ الْحُسَيْنِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ ازْدَلَفَ إِلَيْهِ ثَلَاثُونَ أَلْفَ رَجُلٍ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُمْ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ كُلٌّ يَتَقَرَّبُ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِدَمِهِ وَ هُوَ بِاللَّهِ يُذَكِّرُهُمْ فَلَا يَتَّعِظُونَ حَتَّى قَتَلُوهُ بَغْياً وَ ظُلْماً وَ عُدْوَاناً
Then he-asws said: ‘And there is no day like the day of Al-Husayn-asws. He-asws was attacked upon by thirty thousand men claiming to be from this community, all of them trying to get closer to Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic by (shedding) his-asws blood, and he-asws, by Allah-azwj, was reminding them. They did not take the preaching until they killed him-asws, with rebellion, and injustice, and aggression’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ ع رَحِمَ اللَّهُ الْعَبَّاسَ فَلَقَدْ آثَرَ وَ أَبْلَى وَ فَدَى أَخَاهُ بِنَفْسِهِ حَتَّى قُطِعَتْ يَدَاهُ فَأَبْدَلَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِهِمَا جَنَاحَيْنِ يَطِيرُ بِهِمَا مَعَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ كَمَا جَعَلَ لِجَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَ إِنَّ لِلْعَبَّاسِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى مَنْزِلَةً يَغْبِطُهُ بِهَا جَمِيعُ الشُّهَدَاءِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ.
Then he-asws said: ‘May Allah-azwj have Mercy on Al-Abbas, for he preferred, and was afflicted, and ransomed his-asws brother-asws until his-asws two hands were cut off, so Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Replaced these with two wings, he-asws flies with them along with the Angels in the Paradise just as He-azwj had Made for Ja’far-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, and that for Al-Abbas-asws Blessed and Exalted there is a status the entirety of the martyrs would envy him-asws for it on the Day of Qiyamah’’.[16]
[1] Bihar ul Anwaar, Vol. 21
[2] Bihar ul Anwaar, Vol. 21
[3] Bihar ul Anwaar, Vol. 21.
[4] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 20, The book of our Prophet-saww, P 3 Ch 21 H 7
[5] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 21, The book of our Prophet-saww, P 3 Ch 24 H 12
[6] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 21, The book of our Prophet-saww, P 3 Ch 24 H 4
[7] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 21, The book of our Prophet-saww, P 3 Ch 24 H 5
[8] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 21, The book of our Prophet-saww, P 3 Ch 24 H 6
[9] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 21, The book of our Prophet-saww, P 3 Ch 24 H 10
[10] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 21, The book of our Prophet-saww, P 3 Ch 24 H 8
[11] Bihar ul Anwaar, Vol. 21
[12] Bihar ul Anwaar, Vol. 21
[13] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 21, The book of our Prophet-saww, P 3 Ch 24 H 9
[14] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 22, The book of our Prophet-saww, P 4 Ch 5 H 24
[15] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 22, The book of our Prophet-saww, P 4 Ch 5 H 25
[16] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 22, The book of our Prophet-saww, P 4 Ch 5 H 21