AL-MUJADILA (Chapter 58)

CHAPTER 58

AL-MUJADILA

(Pleading – Reasoning)

(22 VERSES)

VERSES 1 – 22

بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ

Brief Introduction of Al-Mujadila (58):

Sura Al-Mujadila (22 verses) was revealed in Madinah.[1]

Imam Sadiq^-asws (6^th Imam) ‘The Prophet^-saww said to (Syeda) Fatima^-asws: ‘After me^-saww, your^‑asws husband^-asws will be facing such and such, and facing such and such’, and informed her^-asws of what he^-asws would be facing (from injustices to cruelty)’.  I^-asws said: ‘O Rasool Allah^-saww! Can you^-saww not supplicate to Allah^-azwj to turn away that from him^-asws?’ He^-saww said: ‘I^-saww have asked Allah^-azwj for that. He^-azwj Said: “He^-asws will be afflicted and afflicted with it”’.  Jibraeel^-as descended and said: Allah has Heard the words of she who pleaded you regarding her husband and complained to Allah, and Allah Heard both your dialogues; surely Allah is Hearing, Seeing [58:1], and her^-asws complaint was for him^-asws and not from him^-asws nor against him^-asws’’.^[2]

Tafseer Al-Qummi – They are the party of Allah. – meaning the Imams^-asws are the assistants of Allah^-azwj, Indeed! Surely the party of Allah, they are the successful ones [58:22]’’.^[3]

From Abu Abdullah^-asws regarding Words of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic: There does not happen to be a secret counsel of three, except He is their fourth one, nor of five except He is their sixth one, nor less than that nor more except He is with them, wherever they may happen to be. Then He would Inform them on the Day of Judgment of what they had been doing. Surely Allah is Knower of all things [58:7].

He^-asws said; ‘This was Revealed regarding so and so and so and so (Abu Bakr and Umar), and Abu Ubeyda Ibn Al-Jarrah, and Abdul Rahman Ibn Awf, and Saalim Mawla Abu Huzeyfa, and Al-Mugheira Bin Sho’ba, when they wrote the agreement in between them and took a pledge and agreed that if Muhammad^-saww were to pass away, they would not let the Caliphate to be in the Clan of Hashim^-asws, nor the Prophet-hood ever. So, Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed this Verse with regards to them.

He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘The Words of the Mighty and Majestic: Or are they (trying to) conclude a matter? But We are the Concluders [43:79] Or are they reckoning that We cannot Hear their secrets and their whisperings? Yes! And our Messengers (who are) with them, are recording [43:80]. He^-asws said: ‘And these two Verse were (also) Revealed regarding them on that day’.

Abu Abdullah^-asws said: ‘Hopefully you will see that it was a day resembling the day of the writing of the agreement except for the day Al-Husayn^-asws was martyred, and thus it had preceded in the Knowledge of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic which He^-azwj Made known to the Rasool-Allah^-saww that when the agreement is written down, Al-Husayn^-asws would be martyred, and the kingdom would exit from the Clan of Hashim^-asws. So, all of that did take place’.

I (the narrator) said, ‘The Verse: And if two parties from the Momineen fight, then reconcile between them. But, if one of them were to oppress the other, then fight the one which oppresses until it returns to the Command of Allah. So when it does return, then reconcile between them with the justice [49:9]’.

He^-asws said: ‘The two parties – rather its explanation came on the day of Al-Basra (The battle of the Camel), and they are the ones belonging to this Verse, and they are the ones who rebelled against Amir Al-Momineen^-asws. Thus, it was Obligatory upon him^-asws to fight them, and he^-asws fought them until they submitted to the Command of Allah^-azwj.

And had they not been submitted, it would have become Obligatory upon him^-asws with regards to what Allah^-azwj Revealed, that he^-asws should not raise his sword (stop fighting) until they had complied and returned from their opinions, because they had pledged their allegiances willingly, without compulsion. And it is the rebel group just as Allah^-azwj the Exalted Said.

So, it was obligatory upon Amir Al-Momineen^-asws that he^-asws should deal with justice among them when he^-asws was victorious over them, just as the Rasool-Allah^-saww had been just among the people of Mecca, he^-saww was benevolent upon them and forgave them. And that is what Amir Al-Momineen^-asws did with the people of Al-Basra when he^-asws was victorious over them similar to what the Rasool-Allah^-saww had done with the people of Mecca. Like a sandal follows a sandal (same footsteps).

I said, ‘(What about) the Words of the Mighty and Majestic: And the overthrown cities He Overthrew [53:53]’. He^-asws said: ‘These are the people of Al-Basra. It is the overthrown city’.

I said, ‘(What about) and the overthrown cities? Their Rasools came to them with the clear proofs [9:70]. He^-asws said: ‘They were the people of Lut^-as, their town was overturned upon them’’.^[4]

Imam Al-Sadiq^-asws has narrated: ‘When (the expiry) presented to the Prophet^-saww, he^-saww kept fainting. (Syeda) Fatima^-asws said: ‘O the distress to your^-saww distress, O father^-saww!’ He^-saww opened his^-saww eyes and said: ‘There is no distress upon your^-asws father^-saww today’’.

And he^-saww said, and the Muslims had gathered around him^-saww: ‘O you people! Surely there is no Prophet^-saww after me^-saww, nor any Sunnah after my^-saww Sunnah, so the one who claims that, then his claim and his rebellion are in the Fire. O you people! Revive the retaliation, and revive the Truth to the owner of the Truth, and do not separate, and submit submissively. Allah has Ordained: “Neither I nor My Rasool would be overcome!” Surely, Allah is Strong, Mighty [58:21]’’ (an extract).[5]

Abu Ja’far^-asws (5^th Imam^-asws) was asked about the Words of Allah^-azwj But rather, the secret counsels are from the Satan [58:10], he^-asws said: ‘The second one (Umar)’.  And His^-azwj Words: There does not happen to be a secret counsel of three, except He is their fourth one [58:7], he^-asws said: ‘So and so, and so and so (Abu Bakr and Umar) and the son of so and so (Abdul Rahman Ibn Awf) was their trustee, when they gathered and entered the Kabah. So they wrote between them an agreement, ‘If Muhammad^-saww were to die, they would not let the command to return among them, ever!’’^[6]

MERITS

ابن بابويه: عن أبيه، قال: حدثني أحمد بن إدريس، عن محمد بن حسان، عن إسماعيل بن مهران، عن الحسن، عن الحسين بن أبي العلاء، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: «من قرأ سورة الحديد، و المجادلة في صلاة فريضة أدمنها، لم يعذبه الله حتى يموت أبدا، و لا يرى في نفسه و لا أهله سوءا أبدا، و لا خصامة في بدنه

Ibn Babuwayh, from his father, from Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Muhammad Bin Hisan, from Ismail Bin Mahran, from Al-Hassan Bin Abu A’la,

‘From Abu Abdullah^-asws who has said: ‘The one who recites Surahs Al-Hadeed, and Al-Mujadila (Chapter 58) in the Obligatory Salats, making a habit of it, would not be Punished by Allah^-azwj ever, until he dies, and he will never see any evil in himself or in his family ever, nor any discord in his body’.[7]

و من (خواص القرآن): روي عن النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله) أنه قال: «من قرأ هذه السورة كان يوم القيامة من حزب الله المفلحين

And from Khawas Al-Quran –

It has been reported from the Prophet^-saww having said: ‘The one who recites this Chapter (Surah Al Mujadila), would be from the party of Allah^-azwj, the successful ones, on the Day of Judgement.

و من كتبها و علقها على مريض، أو قرأها عليه، سكن عنه ما يؤلمه

And one who writes it and attaches it (as an amulet) upon a patient, or recites it over him, it would settle whatever pain he was in.

و إن قرئت على ما يدفن أو يحرز، حفظته إلى أن يخرجه صاحبه

And if it is recited upon what is buried or secured, it would Protect it until its owner takes it out’.[8]

و قال الإمام الصادق (عليه السلام): «من قرأها عند مريض نومته و سكنته

And Al-Imam Al-Sadiq^-asws said: ‘The one who recites it in the presence of a (sick) patient, it would put him to sleep and settle him.

و إذا أدمن على قراءتها ليلا أو نهارا حفظ من كل طارق

And its habitually recitation, day or night, would Protect one from every darkness.

و إن قرئت على ما يخزن أو يدفن يحفظ إلى أن يخرج من ذلك الموضع

And if it is recited upon what has been treasured, or buried, it would be Protected until it is taken out from that place.

و إذا كتبت و طرحت في الحبوب، زال عنها ما يفسدها و يتلفها بإذن الله تعالى

And if it is written and placed in the grain, whatever spoils it and destroys it, would go away from it by the Permission of Allah^-azwj’.[9]

في مجمع البيان أبى بن كعب قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله ومن قرأ سورة المجادلة كتب من حزب الله يوم القيامة

In Majma Al-Bayan – Ubayy Bin Ka’ab said,

‘Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘And the one who recites Surah Al-Mujadila, would be Written as being from the party of Allah^-azwj, on the Day of Judgement’.[10]

VERSES 1 – 4

قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ يَسْمَعُ تَحَاوُرَكُمَا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ {1}

Allah has Heard the words of she who pleaded you regarding her husband and complained to Allah, and Allah Heard both your dialogues; surely Allah is Hearing, Seeing [58:1]

الَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْكُمْ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ مَا هُنَّ أُمَّهَاتِهِمْ ۖ إِنْ أُمَّهَاتُهُمْ إِلَّا اللَّائِي وَلَدْنَهُمْ ۚ وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَقُولُونَ مُنْكَرًا مِنَ الْقَوْلِ وَزُورًا ۚ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ {2}

Those from you who pronounce Zihaar from their wives, they are not their mothers. Surely their mothers are only those who gave them birth, and they are saying the evil word and a falsity, and surely Allah is Pardoning, Forgiving [58:2]

وَالَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا قَالُوا فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ تُوعَظُونَ بِهِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ {3}

And those who did pronounce Zihaar from their wives, then retracted what they had said, so you should free a neck before you touch each other, that is what you are Advised with, and Allah is Aware of what you are doing [58:3]

فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا ۖ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَإِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ لِتُؤْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ۚ وَتِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ ۗ وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ {4}

So, one who cannot find (the means), then Fast two months consecutively before you touch each other. And one who is not capable, so he should feed sixty needy ones. That is for you to believe in Allah and His Rasool, and these are the Limits of Allah, and for the Kafirs there is a painful Punishment [58:4]

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي وَلَّادٍ الْحَنَّاطِ عَنْ حُمْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِنَّ امْرَأَةً مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَتَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولُ إِنَّ فُلَاناً زَوْجِي قَدْ نَثَرْتُ لَهُ بَطْنِي وَ أَعَنْتُهُ عَلَى دُنْيَاهُ وَ آخِرَتِهِ فَلَمْ يَرَ مِنِّي مَكْرُوهاً وَ أَنَا أَشْكُوهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ إِلَيْكَ

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Mahboub, from Abu Wallad Al Hannat, from Humran,

‘From Abu Ja’far^-asws having said that Amir Al-Momineen^-asws said: ‘A woman came over to Rasool-Allah^-saww, so she said, ‘O Rasool-Allah^-saww! So and so husband of mine had married me. I gave him my belly for seeding (giving birth), and I supported him upon his world and his Hereafter, so he did not see from me anything he disliked, and I complain about him to Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and to you^-saww’.

قَالَ مِمَّا تَشْتَكِينَهُ قَالَتْ لَهُ إِنَّهُ قَالَ لِيَ الْيَوْمَ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي وَ قَدْ أَخْرَجَنِي مِنْ مَنْزِلِي فَانْظُرْ فِي أَمْرِي

He^-saww said: ‘What are you complaining of?’ She said to him^-saww, ‘He said to me today, ‘You are prohibited unto me like the back of my mother’, and he has thrown me out from my house, therefore look into my matter’.

فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيَّ كِتَاباً أَقْضِي بِهِ بَيْنَكَ وَ بَيْنَ زَوْجِكِ وَ أَنَا أَكْرَهُ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُتَكَلِّفِينَ فَجَعَلَتْ تَبْكِي وَ تَشْتَكِي مَا بِهَا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ إِلَى رَسُولِهِ وَ انْصَرَفَتْ

Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘Allah^-azwj has not yet Revealed a Book to me^-saww to judge with between you and your husband, and I^-saww dislike that I^-saww become from the pretenders’. So she went on weeping and complaining of what was with her, to Allah^-azwj and His^-azwj Rasool^-saww, and dispersed.

فَسَمِعَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مُحَاوَرَتَهَا لِرَسُولِهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فِي زَوْجِهَا وَ مَا شَكَتْ إِلَيْهِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِذَلِكَ قُرْآناً بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِها وَ تَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ اللَّهُ يَسْمَعُ تَحاوُرَكُما يَعْنِي مُحَاوَرَتَهَا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فِي زَوْجِهَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ. الَّذِينَ يُظاهِرُونَ مِنْكُمْ مِنْ نِسائِهِمْ ما هُنَّ أُمَّهاتِهِمْ إِنْ أُمَّهاتُهُمْ إِلَّا اللَّائِي وَلَدْنَهُمْ وَ إِنَّهُمْ لَيَقُولُونَ مُنْكَراً مِنَ الْقَوْلِ وَ زُوراً وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ

Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Heard her argument to His^-azwj Rasool^-saww regarding her husband, and what she complained to him^-saww, so Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed with that a Quranic (Verse): Allah has Heard the words of she who pleaded you regarding her husband and complained to Allah, and Allah Heard both your dialogues; surely Allah is Hearing, Seeing [58:1] Those from you who pronounce Zihaar from their wives, they are not their mothers. Surely their mothers are only those who gave them birth, and they are saying the evil word and a falsity, and surely Allah is Pardoning, Forgiving [58:2].

فَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) إِلَى الْمَرْأَةِ فَأَتَتْهُ فَقَالَ لَهَا جِيئِينِي بِزَوْجِكِ فَأَتَتْهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَ قُلْتَ لِامْرَأَتِكَ هَذِهِ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي قَالَ قَدْ قُلْتُ لَهَا ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِيكَ وَ فِي امْرَأَتِكَ قُرْآناً

Rasool-Allah^-saww sent for the woman, and she came over. He^-saww said to her: ‘Come to me^-saww with your husband’. She came with him. He^-saww said to him: ‘Did you say to this wife of yours, ‘You are prohibited unto me like the back of my mother’?’ He said, ‘I had said that to her’. Rasool-Allah^-saww said to him: ‘Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Revealed Quran regarding you and regarding your wife’.

فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِها إِلَى قَوْلِهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ فَضُمَّ امْرَأَتَكَ إِلَيْكَ فَإِنَّكَ قَدْ قُلْتَ مُنْكَراً مِنَ الْقَوْلِ وَ زُوراً قَدْ عَفَا اللَّهُ عَنْكَ وَ غَفَرَ لَكَ فَلَا تَعُدْ

Then he^-saww recited to him what Allah^-azwj had Revealed from His^-azwj Words: Allah has Heard the words of she who pleaded you regarding her husband [58:1] – up to His^-azwj Words: and surely Allah is Pardoning, Forgiving [58:2]. So, cuddle your wife to yourself, for you have spoken an evil from the speech and a falsity. Allah^-azwj has Pardoned you and Forgiven for you, therefore do not repeat’.

فَانْصَرَفَ الرَّجُلُ وَ هُوَ نَادِمٌ عَلَى مَا قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ وَ كَرِهَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ بَعْدُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ الَّذِينَ يُظاهِرُونَ مِنْ نِسائِهِمْ ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِما قالُوا يَعْنِي لِمَا قَالَ الرَّجُلُ الْأَوَّلُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي قَالَ فَمَنْ قَالَهَا بَعْدَ مَا عَفَا اللَّهُ وَ غَفَرَ لِلرَّجُلِ الْأَوَّلِ فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهِ فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا يَعْنِي مُجَامَعَتَهَا ذلِكُمْ تُوعَظُونَ بِهِ وَ اللَّهُ بِما تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ

The man left and he was regretful upon what he had said to his wife, and Allah^-azwj Disliked that for the Momineen afterwards, so Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed: And those who did pronounce Zihaar from their wives, then retracted what they had said [58:3] – Meaning what the man first said to his wife, ‘You are prohibited unto me like the back of my mother’, therefore the one who says it after Allah^-azwj had Pardoned him and Forgiven to the man firstly, then upon him would be: to free a neck before you touch each other – Meaning copulate with them, that is what you are Advised with, and Allah is Aware of what you are doing [58:3].

فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتابِعَيْنِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا فَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَإِطْعامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً فَجَعَلَ اللَّهُ عُقُوبَةَ مَنْ ظَاهَرَ بَعْدَ النَّهْيِ هَذَا وَ قَالَ ذلِكَ لِتُؤْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَ رَسُولِهِ وَ تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ فَجَعَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ هَذَا حَدَّ الظِّهَارِ

So, one who cannot find (the means), so Fast two months consecutively before you touch each other. And one who is not capable, so he should feed sixty needy ones [58:4]. Thus, Allah^-azwj Made a Punishment for the one who does Zihaar after this Prohibition, and Said: That is for you to believe in Allah and His Rasool, and these are the Limits of Allah. So Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Made this a Legal Punishment for the Zihaar’.

قَالَ حُمْرَانُ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) وَ لَا يَكُونُ ظِهَارٌ فِي يَمِينٍ وَ لَا فِي إِضْرَارٍ وَ لَا فِي غَضَبٍ وَ لَا يَكُونُ ظِهَارٌ إِلَّا عَلَى طُهْرٍ بِغَيْرِ جِمَاعٍ بِشَهَادَةِ شَاهِدَيْنِ مُسْلِمَيْنِ

Humran (the narrator) said, ‘Abu Ja’far^-asws said: ‘And Zihaar does not happen during a vow, nor during harming, nor during anger, and Zihaar does not happen except upon purity without copulation, with two Muslim witnesses’.[11]

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجَوْهَرِيِّ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ لِي يَوْماً يَا زُهْرِيُّ مِنْ أَيْنَ جِئْتَ فَقُلْتُ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ قَالَ فِيمَ كُنْتُمْ قُلْتُ تَذَاكَرْنَا أَمْرَ الصَّوْمِ فَاجْتَمَعَ رَأْيِي وَ رَأْيُ أَصْحَابِي عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنَ الصَّوْمِ شَيْ‏ءٌ وَاجِبٌ إِلَّا صَوْمُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Qasim Bin Muhammad Al Jowhary, from Suleyman Bin Dawood, from Sufyan Bin Uyayna, from Al Zuhry,

‘From Ali^-asws Bin Al-Husayn^-asws, said, ‘He^-asws said to me one day: ‘O Zuhry! From where have you come?’ So I said, ‘From the Masjid’. He^-asws said: ‘In what (discussion) were you?’ I said, ‘We were mentioning the matter of the Fasting, so there was a consensus of my view, and the views of my companions upon that, there is no Fast which is Obligatory except for a Fast of the Month of Ramazan’.

فَقَالَ يَا زُهْرِيُّ لَيْسَ كَمَا قُلْتُمْ الصَّوْمُ عَلَى أَرْبَعِينَ وَجْهاً فَعَشَرَةُ أَوْجُهٍ مِنْهَا وَاجِبَةٌ كَوُجُوبِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ عَشَرَةُ أَوْجُهٍ مِنْهَا صِيَامُهُنَّ حَرَامٌ وَ أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ مِنْهَا صَاحِبُهَا بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ وَ صَوْمُ الْإِذْنِ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَوْجُهٍ وَ صَوْمُ التَّأْدِيبِ وَ صَوْمُ الْإِبَاحَةِ وَ صَوْمُ السَّفَرِ وَ الْمَرَضِ قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فَسِّرْهُنَّ لِي

He^-asws said: ‘O Zuhry! It is not as you are saying it. The Fast is upon forty aspects. So ten aspects from these are Obligatory like the Obligation of the Month of Ramazan; and ten aspects from these, its Fasting is Prohibited; and fourteen from these, it’s doer is with the choice, if he so desires to, he may Fast, and if he so desires to, he breaks; and the Fast requiring permission is upon three aspects; and the Fast of disciplining, and the Permissible Fast, and the Fast of the journey and the sickness’. I said, ‘So, interpret these for me’.

قَالَ أَمَّا الْوَاجِبَةُ فَصِيَامُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ صِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ فِي كَفَّارَةِ الظِّهَارِ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى الَّذِينَ يُظاهِرُونَ مِنْ نِسائِهِمْ ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِما قالُوا فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا إِلَى قَوْلِهِ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتابِعَيْنِ

He^-asws said: ‘As for the Obligations, so these are the Fasts of the Month of Ramazan, and Fast of the two consecutive months regarding an expiation for the Zihaar due to the Words of Allah^-azwj the Exalted:  And those who did pronounce Zihaar from their wives, then retracted what they had said, so you should free a neck before you touch each other [58:3] – up to His^-azwj Words: So one who cannot find (the means), then Fast two months consecutively before you touch each other [58:4]’’.[12]

[ الطبري ] حدثنا أبو كريب قال: حدثنا عبيدالله بن موسى، عن أبي حمزة، عن عكرمة، عن ابن عباس قال: كان الرجل إذا قال لامرأته في الجاهلية أنت علي كظهر امي حرمت في الاسلام فكان أول من ظاهر في الإسلام أوس بن الصامت وكانت تحته ابنة عم له يقال لها خولة بنت خويلد وظاهر منها فاسقط في يديه وقال ما أراك إلا قد حرمت علي، وقالت له مثل ذلك

Al Tabary – Abu Kareyb narrated to us, from Ubeydullah Bin Musa, from Abu Hamza, from Akrama, from Ibn Abbas who said,

‘Whenever the man said to his wife (as they used to say) during the Pre-Islamic period, ‘You are unto me like the back of my mother (Zihaar)’, she became forbidden unto him during Islam (Islamic period). The first one who committed Zihaar during Al-Islam was Aws Bin Al-Saamit, and his wife was a daughter of his cousin called Khawla Bint Khuweylid. So he did Zihaar from her, she fell down in front of him and he said, ‘I do not see you except that you are forbidden unto me’, and she said to him similar to that.

قال: فانطلقي إلى رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وسلم) قال فأتت رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وسلم) فوجدت عنده ماشطة تمشط رأسه فأخبرته فقال: يا خويلة ما امرنا في أمرك بشئ

He said, ‘Go (for advice) to Rasool-Allah^-saww’. She came to Rasool-Allah^-saww and found in his^-saww presence a hairdresser combing his^-saww head. She informed him^-saww and he^-saww said: ‘O Khawla! I^-saww have not yet been Commanded with regards to your matter, with anything’.

فأنزل الله على رسوله (صلى الله عليه وسلم) فقال: يا خويلة أبشري، قالت: خيرا، قال: فقرأ عليها رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وسلم) * (قد سمع الله قول التى تجدلك في زوجها وتشتكى إلى الله) * إلى قوله * (فتحرير رقبة من قبل أن يتماسا)

Then Allah^-azwj Revealed unto His^-azwj Rasool^-saww, so he ^-saww said: ‘O Khawla, receive flad tidings’. She said, ‘Good’. So Rasool-Allah^-saww recited to her: ‘Allah has Heard the words of she who pleaded you regarding her husband [58:1] – up to His^-azwj Words: so you should free a neck before you touch each other [58:3]’.

قالت: وأي رقبة لنا والله ما يجد رقبة غيري قال: * (فصيام شهرين متتابعين) * قالت: والله لولا أنه يشرب في اليوم ثلاث مرات لذهب بصره

She said, ‘And which neck is for us (to free)? By Allah^-azwj, he will not find a captive neck from me’. Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘then Fast two months consecutively [58:4]’. She said, ‘By Allah^-azwj! If he does not drink three times during the day his eyesight would go away’.

قال: * (فمن لم يستطع فإطعام ستين مسكينا) * قالت: من أين ما هي إلا أكلة إلى مثلها قال: فرعاه بشطر وسق ثلاثين صاعا والوسق ستون صاعا فقال: ليطعم ستين مسكينا وليراجعك

He^-asws said: ‘And one who is not capable, so he should feed sixty needy ones then as for him who is not able, let him feed sixty needy ones [58:4]’. She said, ‘From where? It is not except what I eat, similar to it’. Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘So I^-saww see him with the halves – he^-saww loaded thirty Sa’a (a unit of measurement), and the (total) load is of sixty Sa’a (and gave it to her), and he^-saww said: ‘Let him feed sixty needy ones, and return to you’.[13]

عن عمار بن أبي الأحوص، قال: سألت أبا جعفر (عليه السلام) عن السائبة، قال: «انظر في القرآن، فما كان فيه فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ  فتلك يا عمار السائبة التي لا ولاء لأحد من الناس عليها إلا الله، و ما كان ولاؤه لله فهو لرسول الله عليه و آله السلام، و ما كان ولاؤه لرسول الله فإن ولاءه للإمام و ميراثه له

From Amar Bin Abu Al Ahows who said,

‘I asked Abu Ja’far^-asws about Al-Sa’iba. He^-asws said: ‘Look in the Quran, so wherever there was in it (the Words): so you should free a neck [58:3], then that, O Amar, is Al-Sa’iba, there being nor guardian for anyone from the people upon it, except Allah^-azwj. And whatever its Guardianship was for Allah^-azwj, so it would be for Rasool-Allah^-azwj, and whatever had its guardianship for Rasool-Allah^-azwj, so its guardianship is for the Imam^-asws, and his inheritance would be for him^-asws’’.[14]

VERSES 5 & 6

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُحَادُّونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ كُبِتُوا كَمَا كُبِتَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ ۚ وَقَدْ أَنْزَلْنَا آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ ۚ وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ {5}

Surely, those opposing Allah and His Rasool would be suppressed just as those from before them were suppressed, and Allah has Sent down clear Signs, and for the Kafirs, there would be an abasing Punishment [58:5]

يَوْمَ يَبْعَثُهُمُ اللَّهُ جَمِيعًا فَيُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِمَا عَمِلُوا ۚ أَحْصَاهُ اللَّهُ وَنَسُوهُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ {6}

On the Day Allah will Resurrect them altogether, then He would Inform them of what they had done. Allah has Recorded it and they would have forgotten it, and Allah is a Witness upon all things [58:6]  

قال: و في رواية أبي الجارود، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، في قوله تعالى: فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْراً يَرَهُ:«يقول: إن كان من أهل النار [و كان‏] قد عمل مثقال ذرة في الدنيا خيرا [يره‏] يوم القيامة حسرة، إن كان عمله لغير الله وَ مَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ يقول: إن كان من أهل الجنة رأى ذلك الشر يوم القيامة، ثم غفر الله تعالى له

And in the report of Abu Al-Jaroud, who has said:

Abu Ja’far^-asws said: ‘If he is from the inhabitants of the Fire, and he had done a good deed of the weight of an atom would see it on the Day of Judgement (or would be) in regret if he had done it for the sake of other than Allah^-azwj. And if he is from the inhabitants of the Paradise, he would see that evil on the Day of Judgement, but Allah^-azwj the Exalted would Forgive him’.[15]

في مجمع البيان وجاء في الحديث ان النبي صلى الله عليه وآله قال: اتدرون ما اخبارها ؟ قالوا: الله ورسوله اعلم، قال: اخبارها ان تشهد على كل عبد وامة بما عملوا على ظهرها، تقول: عمل كذا وكذا يوم كذا وكذا فهذا اخبارها

In Majma Al Bayan, and it has come in a Hadeeth:

The Prophet^-saww has said: ‘Do you know what is its (the earth’s) news?’ They said, ‘Allah^-azwj and His^-azwj Rasool^-saww are more knowing’. He^-saww said: ‘It’s the news, it’s the testimony against every servant and community by what they had done upon it’s (earth’s) back. It will be saying, ‘Such and such a deed was done on such and such a day, so this is its news’.[16]

وروى الواحدى باسناده مرفوعا إلى ربيعة الحرشى قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله: حافظوا على الوضوء وخير اعمالكم الصلوة وتحفظوا من الارض فانها أمكم وليس فيها احد يعمل خيرا أو شرا الا وهى مخبرة به

And it has been reported by Al Wahidy, by his unbroken chain going up to Rabi’at Al Harshy who said:

‘The Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘Be in ablution, and the best of your deeds is the Salat, and it will be preserved in the earth, for it is your mother, and there is no one in it who does a good deed or evil, except that it (the earth) will inform about it’.[17]

VERSE 7

أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۖ مَا يَكُونُ مِنْ نَجْوَىٰ ثَلَاثَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ رَابِعُهُمْ وَلَا خَمْسَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ سَادِسُهُمْ وَلَا أَدْنَىٰ مِنْ ذَٰلِكَ وَلَا أَكْثَرَ إِلَّا هُوَ مَعَهُمْ أَيْنَ مَا كَانُوا ۖ ثُمَّ يُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِمَا عَمِلُوا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ {7}

Do you not see that Allah Knows whatever is in the skies and whatever is in the earth? There does not happen to be a secret counsel of three, except He is their fourth one, nor of five except He is their sixth one, nor less than that nor more except He is with them, wherever they may happen to be. Then He would Inform them on the Day of Judgment of what they had been doing. Surely, Allah is a Knower of all things [58:7]

عَنْهُ عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى ما يَكُونُ مِنْ نَجْوى ثَلاثَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ رابِعُهُمْ وَ لا خَمْسَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ سادِسُهُمْ

From him, from a number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Yaqoub Bin Yazeed, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Ibn Azina,

‘From Abu Abdullah^-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: There does not happen to be a secret counsel of three, except He is their fourth one, nor of five except He is their sixth one [58:7].

فَقَالَ هُوَ وَاحِدٌ وَاحِدِيُّ الذَّاتِ بَائِنٌ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ وَ بِذَاكَ وَصَفَ نَفْسَهُ وَ هُوَ بِكُلِّ شَيْ‏ءٍ مُحِيطٌ بِالْإِشْرَافِ وَ الْإِحَاطَةِ وَ الْقُدْرَةِ لا يَعْزُبُ عَنْهُ مِثْقالُ ذَرَّةٍ فِي السَّماواتِ وَ لا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَ لا أَصْغَرُ مِنْ ذلِكَ وَ لا أَكْبَرُ بِالْإِحَاطَةِ وَ الْعِلْمِ لَا بِالذَّاتِ لِأَنَّ الْأَمَاكِنَ مَحْدُودَةٌ تَحْوِيهَا حُدُودٌ أَرْبَعَةٌ فَإِذَا كَانَ بِالذَّاتِ لَزِمَهَا الْحَوَايَةُ

He^-asws said: ‘He^-azwj is the One, One of the Self, separate from His^-azwj creatures, and with that He^-azwj Described Himself^-azwj. And He^-azwj Encompasses everything by the Supervision, and the Control, and the Power. Nothing escapes from Him^-azwj, (even if it is) particle’s weight in the skies nor in the earth, nor anything smaller than that, nor bigger, due to the Control. And the Knowledge is not with the Self because the places are limited by the extent of its four limits. When that was with the Self, the supplication would necessitate it’.[18]

و عنه: عن عدة من أصحابنا، عن أحمد بن محمد البرقي، رفعه، قال: سأل الجاثليق أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)- و ذكر الحديث إلى أن قال- فأخبرني عن الله عز و جل، أين هو؟

And from him, from a number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Barqy, raising it, said,

‘The Catholic (priest) asked Amir Al-Momineen^-asws’ – and he mentioned the Hadeeth until he (the priest) said, ‘So Inform me about Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic, where is He^-azwj?’

فقال أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام):  «هو ها هنا و ها هنا و فوق و تحت و محيط بنا و معنا، و هو قوله تعالى: ما يَكُونُ مِنْ نَجْوى ثَلاثَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ رابِعُهُمْ وَ لا خَمْسَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ سادِسُهُمْ وَ لا أَدْنى مِنْ ذلِكَ وَ لا أَكْثَرَ إِلَّا هُوَ مَعَهُمْ أَيْنَ ما كانُوا

Amir Al-Momineen^-asws said: ‘He^-azwj is over here, and over there, and above and below, and surrounding us and with us, and these are the Words of the Exalted: There does not happen to be a secret counsel of three, except He is their fourth one, nor of five except He is their sixth one, nor less than that nor more except He is with them, wherever they may happen to be [58:7]’’.[19]

عَنْهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ (عليه السلام) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ ما يَكُونُ مِنْ نَجْوى ثَلاثَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ رابِعُهُمْ وَ لا خَمْسَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ سادِسُهُمْ وَ لا أَدْنى مِنْ ذلِكَ وَ لا أَكْثَرَ إِلَّا هُوَ مَعَهُمْ أَيْنَ ما كانُوا ثُمَّ يُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِما عَمِلُوا يَوْمَ الْقِيامَةِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْ‏ءٍ عَلِيمٌ

From him, from Ali Bin Al-Husayn, from Ali Bin Abu hamza, from Abu Baseer, who has narrated the following:

Abu Abdullah^-asws regarding the Words of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic: There does not happen to be a secret counsel of three, except He is their fourth one, nor of five except He is their sixth one, nor less than that nor more except He is with them, wherever they may happen to be. Then He would Inform them on the Day of Judgment of what they had been doing. Surely Allah is Knower of all things [58:7].

قَالَ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي فُلَانٍ وَ فُلَانٍ وَ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ الْجَرَّاحِ وَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ وَ سَالِمٍ مَوْلَى أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ وَ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ حَيْثُ كَتَبُوا الْكِتَابَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَ تَعَاهَدُوا وَ تَوَافَقُوا لَئِنْ مَضَى مُحَمَّدٌ لَا تَكُونُ الْخِلَافَةُ فِي بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَ لَا النُّبُوَّةُ أَبَداً فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِيهِمْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ

He^-asws said; ‘This was Revealed regarding so and so and so and so (Abu Bakr and Umar), and Abu Ubeyda Ibn Al-Jarrah, and Abdul Rahman Ibn Awf, and Saalim Mawla Abu Huzeyfa, and Al-Mugheira Bin Sho’ba, when they wrote the agreement in between them and took a pledge and agreed that if Muhammad^-saww were to pass away, they would not let the Caliphate to be in the Clan of Hashim^-asws, nor the Prophet-hood ever. So Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed this Verse with regards to them.

قَالَ قُلْتُ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَمْ أَبْرَمُوا أَمْراً فَإِنَّا مُبْرِمُونَ أَمْ يَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّا لا نَسْمَعُ سِرَّهُمْ وَ نَجْواهُمْ بَلى وَ رُسُلُنا لَدَيْهِمْ يَكْتُبُونَ قَالَ وَ هَاتَانِ الْآيَتَانِ نَزَلَتَا فِيهِمْ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ

I said, ‘The Words of the Mighty and Majestic: Or are they (trying to) conclude a matter? But We are the Concluders [43:79] Or are they reckoning that We cannot Hear their secrets and their whisperings? Yes! And our Messengers (who are) with them, are recording [43:80]. He^-asws said: ‘And these two Verse were (also) Revealed regarding them on that day’.

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ (عليه السلام) لَعَلَّكَ تَرَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَوْمٌ يُشْبِهُ يَوْمَ كُتِبَ الْكِتَابُ إِلَّا يَوْمَ قُتِلَ الْحُسَيْنُ (عليه السلام) وَ هَكَذَا كَانَ فِي سَابِقِ عِلْمِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الَّذِي أَعْلَمَهُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ (صلى الله عليه وآله) أَنْ إِذَا كُتِبَ الْكِتَابُ قُتِلَ الْحُسَيْنُ وَ خَرَجَ الْمُلْكُ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ فَقَدْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ كُلُّهُ

Abu Abdullah^-asws said: ‘Hopefully you will see that it was a day resembling the day of the writing of the agreement except for the day Al-Husayn^-asws was martyred, and thus it had preceded in the Knowledge of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic which He^-azwj Made known to the Rasool-Allah^-saww that when the agreement is written down, Al-Husayn^-asws would be martyred, and the kingdom would exit from the Clan of Hashim^-asws. So, all of that did take place.[20]

علي بن إبراهيم، قال: أخبرنا أحمد بن إدريس، عن أحمد بن محمد، عن علي بن الحكم، عن أبي بكر الحضرمي و بكر بن أبي بكر، قال: حدثنا سليمان بن خالد، قال: سألت أبا جعفر (عليه السلام) عن قول الله عز و جل: إِنَّمَا النَّجْوى مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al-Hakam, from Abu Bakr Al-Hazramy and Bakr Bin Abu Bakr, from Suleyman Bin Khalid who said,

‘I asked Abu Ja’far^-asws about the Words of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic: But rather, the secret counsels are from the Satan [58:10], he^-asws said: ‘The second one (Umar)’.

قال: «الثاني» و قوله تعالى: ما يَكُونُ مِنْ نَجْوى ثَلاثَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ رابِعُهُمْ، قال: «فلان و فلان و ابن فلان أمينهم، حين اجتمعوا فدخلوا الكعبة، فكتبوا بينهم كتابا: إن مات محمد أن لا يرجع الأمر فيهم أبدا

And His^-azwj Words: There does not happen to be a secret counsel of three, except He is their fourth one [58:7], he^-asws said: ‘So and so, and so and so (Abu Bakr and Umar) and the son of so and so (Abdul Rahman Ibn Awf) was their trustee, when they gathered and entered the Kabah. They wrote between them an agreement, ‘If Muhammad^-saww were to die, they would not let the command to return among them, ever!’’.[21]

قال الشيخ أبو جعفر الطوسي (قدس الله روحه): نبأنا الشيخ (أبو جعفر الطبري) باسناده، عن ابن عباس قال: اضمرت قريش قتل علي عليه السلام وكتبوا صحيفة ودفعوها إلى أبي عبيدة بن الجراح. فأنزل الله جبرئيل على رسوله صلى الله عليه وآله، فخبره بخبرهم

Sheykh Abu Ja’far Al Tusy said, ‘The Sheykh Abu Ja’far Al Tabary informed us by his chain, from Ibn Abbas who said,

‘Quraysh conceived (a plot to) kill Ali^-asws, and they wrote a parchment and handed it over to Abu Ubeyday Bin Al-Jarrah. So, Allah^-azwj Sent Jibraeel^-as unto His^-azwj Rasool^-saww, and he^-as informed him^-saww of their news (conceived plot).

فقالوا له: أنى له علم ذلك ؟ ! ولم يشعر به أحد. فأنزل الله سبحانه على رسوله صلى الله عليه واله هذه الآية

They (Quraysh) said to him (Ubeydullah Bin Al Jarrah), ‘From where did he^-saww get the news of that, and we did not make anyone aware of it?’ Thus, Allah^-azwj, Glorious is He^-azwj, Revealed unto His^-azwj Rasool^-saww, these Verses’.[22]

VERSE 8

ألَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ نُهُوا عَنِ النَّجْوَىٰ ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا نُهُوا عَنْهُ وَيَتَنَاجَوْنَ بِالْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ وَمَعْصِيَتِ الرَّسُولِ وَإِذَا جَاءُوكَ حَيَّوْكَ بِمَا لَمْ يُحَيِّكَ بِهِ اللَّهُ وَيَقُولُونَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ لَوْلَا يُعَذِّبُنَا اللَّهُ بِمَا نَقُولُ ۚ حَسْبُهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ يَصْلَوْنَهَا ۖ فَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ {8}

Do you not see those forbidden from the secret counsels, then they are returning to what they had been forbidden from and are holding secret councils with the sin, and the aggression, and the disobedience to the Rasool. And when they come to you, they greet you with what Allah does not Greet you with, and they are saying within themselves, ‘Why does not Allah Punish us for what we are saying?’ Hell would suffice them. They would be arriving to it, and it is an evil destination [58:8]

محمد بن يعقوب: عن علي بن إبراهيم، عن أبيه، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن ابن أذينة، عن زرارة، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: «دخل يهودي على رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) و عائشة عنده، فقال: السام عليكم

Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Ibn Azina, from Zurara,

‘From Abu Ja’far^-asws having said: ‘A Jew came up to Rasool-Allah^-saww and Ayesha was in his^-saww presence. He said, ‘Poison (death) be upon you^-saww (السام عليكم).

فقال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): عليكم، ثم دخل آخر، فقال مثل ذلك، فرد عليه كما رد على صاحبه، ثم دخل آخر، فقال مثل ذلك، فرد عليه رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) كما رد على صاحبيه

So Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘To you (as well)’. Then another one came up and said similar to that. So, he^-saww replied to him just like he^-saww had replied to his companion. Then another one came up and said similar to that, so Rasool-Allah^-saww replied just like he^-saww had replied to his two companions before.

فغضبت عائشة، فقالت: عليكم السام و الغضب و اللعنة يا معشر اليهود و يا إخوة القردة و الخنازير

Ayesha got angry, and she said, ‘Poison (death) be unto you, and the Wrath, and the Curse, O group of Jews, and O brothers of the monkeys and the pigs!’

فقال لها رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): يا عائشة، إن الفحش لو كان ممثلا لكان مثال سوء، و إن الرفق لم يوضع على شي‏ء قط إلا زانه، و لا يرفع عنه قط إلا شانه

So Rasool-Allah^-saww said to her: ‘O Ayesha! If obscenity is represented, it would an evil example, and that kindness is not placed upon anything except that it adorns it, and it does not raise from it anything at all except for its glory’.

فقالت: يا رسول الله، أما سمعت إلى قولهم: السام عليكم؟ فقال: بلى، أما سمعت ما رددت عليهم؟ قلت: عليكم، فإذا سلم عليكم مسلم فقولوا: سلام عليكم، و إذا سلم عليكم كافر فقولوا: عليك

She said, ‘O Rasool-Allah^-saww, did you^-saww not listen to their words, ‘Poison (death) be unto you (السام عليكم)?’ He^-saww said: ‘Yes, but did you hear what I^-saww replied to them? I^-saww said: ‘To you (as well)’. So if a Muslim greets you, so you should say ‘Peace be upon you’, and when a Kafir greets you, so you should say, ‘To you’ (عليك)’.[23]

علي بن إبراهيم، في قوله تعالى: أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ نُهُوا عَنِ النَّجْوى ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِما نُهُوا عَنْهُ، قال: كان أصحاب رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) يأتون رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) فيسألونه أن يسأل الله لهم، و كانوا يسألون ما لا يحل لهم

Ali Bin Ibrahim (Tafseer Qummi) –

Regarding the Words of the Exalted: Do you not see those forbidden from the secret counsels, then they are returning to what they had been forbidden from [58:8], said, ‘The companions of Rasool-Allah^-saww were coming to Rasool-Allah^-saww asking him^-saww to ask Allah^-azwj for them, and they used to ask for (things) which were not Permissible for them.

فأنزل الله عز و جل: وَ يَتَناجَوْنَ بِالْإِثْمِ وَ الْعُدْوانِ وَ مَعْصِيَةِ الرَّسُولِ

So Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed: and are holding secret councils with the sin, and the aggression, and the disobedience to the Rasool [58:8].

و قولهم له إذا أتوه: أنعم صباحا، [و] أنعم مساء، و هي تحية أهل الجاهلية، فأنزل الله تعالى: وَ إِذا جاؤُكَ حَيَّوْكَ بِما لَمْ يُحَيِّكَ بِهِ اللَّهُ، فقال لهم رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): «قد أبدلنا بخير من ذلك: تحية أهل الجنة، السلام عليكم

And their words to him^-saww, when they used to come to him^-saww were ‘Good morning’             (أنعم صباحا) and ‘Good evening’ (أنعم مساء), and this was the greeting of the people of ignorance. So Allah^-azwj the Exalted Revealed: And when they come to you, they greet you with what Allah does not Greet you with, and Rasool-Allah^-saww said to them: ‘We have changed it with something better than that. The greeting of the people of the Paradise is ‘Peace be upon you’ (السلام عليكم)’.[24]

VERSE 9

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا تَنَاجَيْتُمْ فَلَا تَتَنَاجَوْا بِالْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ وَمَعْصِيَتِ الرَّسُولِ وَتَنَاجَوْا بِالْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوَىٰ ۖ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي إِلَيْهِ تُحْشَرُونَ {9}

O you those who believe! When you confer (talk), then do not confer with the sin, and the aggression, and the disobedience to the Rasool, and you can confer with the righteousness and the piety; and fear Allah, you will be gathering to Him [58:9]

الشيخ في (مجالسه)، قال: أخبرنا جماعة، عن أبي المفضل، قال: حدثنا أبو جعفر محمد بن الحسين بن حفص الخثعمي بالكوفة، قال: حدثنا عباد بن يعقوب أبو سعيد الأسدي، قال: أخبرني السيد بن عيسى الهمداني، عن الحكم بن عبد الرحمن بن أبي نعيم، عن أبي سعيد الخدري، قال: كانت أمارة المنافقين بغض علي بن أبي طالب (عليه السلام)، فبينا رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) [في المسجد ذات يوم في نفر من المهاجرين و الأنصار، و كنت فيهم، إذا أقبل علي (عليه السلام)

Al-Sheykh (Al-Sadouq) in his Majalis, from a group, from Abu Al-Mufazzal, from Abu Ja’far Muhammad Bin Al-Hassan Bin Hafs Al-Khash’amy at Al-Kufa, from Abaas Bin Yaqoub Abu Saeed Al-Asady, from Al-Syed Bin Isa Al-Hamdany, from Al-Hakam Bin Abdul Rahman Bin Abu Naeem, from Abu Saeed Al-Khudry who said,

‘A person from the hypocrites used to harbour hatred against Ali^-asws Bin Abu Talib^-asws. One day Rasool-Allah^-saww was among a number of the Emigrants and the Helpers in the Masjid, and he was among them, when Ali^-asws came over.

فتخطى القوم حتى جلس إلى النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله)] و كان هناك مجلسه الذي يعرف فيه، فسار رجل رجلا، و كانا يرميان بالنفاق

He^-asws moved across the people until he came to be seated near the Prophet^-saww, and over there was a seat which he^-asws was recognised by it. So, man by man started leaving, and two of them (Abu Bakr and Umar) were throwing (accusations of) hypocrisy.

فعرف رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) ما أرادا، فغضب غضبا شديدا حتى التمع وجهه، ثم قال: «و الذي نفسي بيده، لا يدخل عبد الجنة حتى يحبني، و كذب من زعم أنه يحبني و يبغض هذا». و أخذ بكف علي (عليه السلام)

Rasool-Allah^-saww recognised what they intended, so he^-saww got angered with intense anger to the extent that his^-saww face quivered. Then he^-saww said: ‘By the One in Whose^-azwj Hand is my^-saww soul, no servant will enter the Paradise until he loves me^-saww. And he has lied, the one who thinks that he loves me^-saww while he hates this one’ – and he^-saww grabbed the wrist of Ali^-asws’.

فأنزل الله عز و جل هذه الآية في شأنهما: يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذا تَناجَيْتُمْ فَلا تَتَناجَوْا بِالْإِثْمِ وَ الْعُدْوانِ وَ مَعْصِيَةِ الرَّسُولِ إلى آخر الآية

So Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed this Verse regarding the affair of those two: O you those who believe! When you confer, then do not confer with the sin, and the aggression, and the disobedience to the Rasool [58:9] – up to the end of the Verse’.[25]

VERSE 10

إِنَّمَا النَّجْوَىٰ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ لِيَحْزُنَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَلَيْسَ بِضَارِّهِمْ شَيْئًا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ۚ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ {10}

But rather, the secret counsels are from the Satan, for him to grieve those who believe, and he cannot harm them of anything except by the Permission of Allah, therefore the Momineen should rely upon Allah [58:10]

علي بن إبراهيم، قال: أخبرنا أحمد بن إدريس، عن أحمد بن محمد، عن علي بن الحكم، عن أبي بكر الحضرمي و بكر بن أبي بكر، قال: حدثنا سليمان بن خالد، قال: سألت أبا جعفر (عليه السلام) عن قول الله عز و جل: إِنَّمَا النَّجْوى مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al-Hakam, from Abu Bakr Al-Hazramy and Bakr Bin Abu Bakr, from Suleyman Bin Khalid who said,

‘I asked Abu Ja’far^-asws about the Words of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic: But rather, the secret counsels are from the Satan [58:10], he^-asws said: ‘The second one (Umar)’.

قال: «الثاني» و قوله تعالى: ما يَكُونُ مِنْ نَجْوى ثَلاثَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ رابِعُهُمْ، قال: «فلان و فلان و ابن فلان أمينهم، حين اجتمعوا فدخلوا الكعبة، فكتبوا بينهم كتابا: إن مات محمد أن لا يرجع الأمر فيهم أبدا

And His^-azwj Words: There does not happen to be a secret counsel of three, except He is their fourth one [58:7], he^-asws said: ‘So and so, and so and so (Abu Bakr and Umar) and the son of so and so (Abdul Rahman Ibn Awf) was their trustee, when they gathered and entered the Kabah. So, they wrote between them an agreement, ‘If Muhammad^-saww were to die, they would not let the command to return among them, ever!’’.[26]

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ (عليه السلام) قَالَ إِذَا رَأَى الرَّجُلُ مَا يَكْرَهُ فِي مَنَامِهِ فَلْيَتَحَوَّلْ عَنْ شِقِّهِ الَّذِي كَانَ عَلَيْهِ نَائِماً وَ لْيَقُلْ إِنَّمَا النَّجْوى مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ لِيَحْزُنَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ لَيْسَ بِضارِّهِمْ شَيْئاً إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Muawiya Bin Amaar, who has said:

Abu Abdullah^-asws said: ‘If the man sees what he does not like in his dream, then he should change his sleeping position which he was in and should say, ‘But rather, the secret counsels are from the Satan, for him to grieve those who believe, and he cannot harm them of anything except by Permission of Allah [58:10].

ثُمَّ لْيَقُلْ عُذْتُ بِمَا عَاذَتْ بِهِ مَلَائِكَةُ اللَّهِ الْمُقَرَّبُونَ وَ أَنْبِيَاؤُهُ الْمُرْسَلُونَ وَ عِبَادُهُ الصَّالِحُونَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا رَأَيْتُ وَ مِنْ شَرِّ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ

Then he should say, ‘I seek Refuge with what the Angels of Proximity of Allah^-azwj and His^-azwj Prophets^-as, and the righteous servants sought Refuge with, from the evil what I saw, and from the evil of the Pelted Satan^-la’.[27]

Reliance upon Allah^-azwj

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ( عليهما السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ الْإِيمَانُ لَهُ أَرْكَانٌ أَرْبَعَةٌ التَّوَكُّلُ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَ تَفْوِيضُ الْأَمْرِ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ الرِّضَا بِقَضَاءِ اللَّهِ وَ التَّسْلِيمُ لِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny,

‘From Abu Abdullah^-asws, from his^-asws father^-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen^-asws said: ‘The Emān has four pillars for it – the reliance upon Allah^-azwj, and delegating the matter to Allah^-azwj, and the pleasure with the Judgement of Allah^-azwj, and the submission to the Command of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic’.[28]

عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُمَرَ الْحَلَّالِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْأَوَّلِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ التَّوَكُّلُ عَلَى اللَّهِ دَرَجَاتٌ مِنْهَا أَنْ تَتَوَكَّلَ عَلَى اللَّهِ فِي أُمُورِكَ كُلِّهَا فَمَا فَعَلَ بِكَ كُنْتَ عَنْهُ رَاضِياً تَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ لَا يَأْلُوكَ خَيْراً وَ فَضْلًا وَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ الْحُكْمَ فِي ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ بِتَفْوِيضِ ذَلِكَ إِلَيْهِ وَ ثِقْ بِهِ فِيهَا وَ فِي غَيْرِهَا

A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from someone else, from Ali Bin Asbaat, from Ahmad Bin Umar Al Hallal, from Ali Bin Suweyd,

‘From Abu Al-Hassan^-asws the 1^st, he^-asws said: ‘The reliance upon Allah^-azwj has levels – from it is that you rely upon Allah^-azwj in your matters, all of them. So whatever He^-azwj Does with you, you should be satisfied from Him^-azwj. You should know that He^-azwj would not Keep away any goodness and Grace from you; and know that the Decision regarding that is for Him^-azwj. Therefore, rely upon Allah^-azwj by delegating that to Him^-azwj, and trust in Him^-azwj regarding it, and in other such matters’.[29]

VERSE 11

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا قِيلَ لَكُمْ تَفَسَّحُوا فِي الْمَجَالِسِ فَافْسَحُوا يَفْسَحِ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ ۖ وَإِذَا قِيلَ انْشُزُوا فَانْشُزُوا يَرْفَعِ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ وَالَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ دَرَجَاتٍ ۚ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ {11}

O you those who believe! When it is said to you: ‘Make room in (your) assemblies’, then make ample room, Allah will Give you ample. And when it is said: ‘Rise up’, then rise up. Allah will Exalt those of you who believe, and those who are given knowledge, in ranks; and Allah is Aware of what you are doing [58:11]

و عنه: عن علي بن إبراهيم، عن أبيه، عن النوفلي، عن السكوني، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: «قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): ينبغي للجلساء في الصيف أن يكون بين كل اثنين، مقدار عظم الذراع، لئلا يشق بعضهم على بعض في الحر

And from him (Yaqoub Kulayni), from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al-Nowfaly, from Al-Sakuny,

‘From Abu Abdullah^-asws that Rasool-Allah^-saww said; ‘It is befitting for those seated in a gathering during the Summer that there should be in between every two of them, a distance greater than an arms-length, lest some of them cause suffering to the others in the heat’.[30]

و عنه: عن علي بن إبراهيم، عن أبيه، عن بعض أصحابه، عن طلحة بن زيد، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: «كان رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) أكثر ما يجلس تجاه القبلة

And from him (Yaqoub Kulayni), from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from some of his companions, from Talha Bin Zayd,

‘From Abu Abdullah^-asws that Rasool-Allah^-saww frequently used to sit facing the Qiblah’.[31]

و عنه: عن علي بن إبراهيم، عن أبيه، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن محمد بن مرازم، عن أبي سليمان الزاهد، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: «من رضي بدون التشرف من المجلس لم يزل الله عز و جل و ملائكته يصلون عليه حتى يقوم

And from him (Yaqoub Kulayni), from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Muhammad Bin Marazim, from Abu Suleyman Al-Zahid,

‘From Abu Abdullah^-asws: ‘The one who is happy to be without being given honour in a gathering, Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic and His^-azwj Angels do not cease Sending Salutations upon him, until he arises (from it)’.[32]

وَ اتَّصَلَ بِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ ع‏ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ فُقَهَاءِ شِيعَتِهِ كَلَّمَ بَعْضَ النُّصَّابِ فَأَفْحَمَهُ بِحُجَّتِهِ حَتَّى أَبَانَ عَنْ فَضِيحَتِهِ

In Tafseer Imam Hassan Al-Askari^-asws – ‘And news was received by Abu Al-Hassan^-asws Bin Muhammad Al-Askari^-asws that a man from the understanding ones of his^-asws Shias spoke with one of the Nasibis (hostile ones), so he confounded him with his arguments until he exposed his shame.

فَدَخَلَ عَلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع وَ فِي صَدْرِ مَجْلِسِهِ دَسْتٌ عَظِيمٌ مَنْصُوبٌ، وَ هُوَ قَاعِدٌ خَارِجَ الدَّسْتِ، وَ بِحَضْرَتِهِ خَلْقٌ [كَثِيرٌ] مِنَ الْعَلَوِيِّينَ وَ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، فَمَا زَالَ يَرْفَعُهُ حَتَّى أَجْلَسَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ الدَّسْتِ، وَ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِ

He came over to Ali^-asws Bin Muhammad^-asws and in the front of his^-asws gathering a large stage had been established, and he was seated outside the stage, and in his presence were a lot of people from the Alawites and the Clan of Hashim^-asws. So he^-asws did not cease to raise him until he^-asws had him seated in that stage, and faced towards him^-asws.

فَاشْتَدَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أُولَئِكَ الْأَشْرَافِ: فَأَمَّا الْعَلَوِيَّةُ فَأَجَلُّوهُ عَنِ الْعِتَابِ، وَ أَمَّا الْهَاشِمِيُّونَ فَقَالَ لَهُ شَيْخُهُمْ: يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ هَكَذَا تُؤْثِرُ عَامِّيّاً عَلَى سَادَاتِ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ مِنَ الطَّالِبِيِّينَ وَ الْعَبَّاسِيِّينَ

That was grievous upon those noblemen, and as for the Alawites, they considered it as a reproach, and as for the Hashimites, so their Sheikh said, ‘O son^-asws of Rasool-Allah^-saww! Is this how you are preferring the general people over the chiefs (Sadaat) of the Clan of Hashim^-asws, from the students and the Abbasides?’

فَقَالَ ع: إِيَّاكُمْ- وَ أَنْ تَكُونُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِيهِمْ: أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا نَصِيباً مِنَ الْكِتابِ يُدْعَوْنَ إِلى‏ كِتابِ اللَّهِ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ يَتَوَلَّى فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ وَ هُمْ مُعْرِضُونَ‏ أَ تَرْضَوْنَ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حَكَماً قَالُوا: بَلَى

He^-asws said: ‘Beware of becoming from those Allah^-azwj Said regarding them: Have you not considered those who are given a portion of the Book? They are invited to the Book of Allah that it might decide between them, then a party of them turn back and they are exposed [3:23]. Would you be pleased with the Book of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic as a Judge?’ They said, ‘Yes’.

قَالَ: أَ لَيْسَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا- إِذا قِيلَ لَكُمْ تَفَسَّحُوا فِي الْمَجالِسِ فَافْسَحُوا يَفْسَحِ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ- وَ إِذا قِيلَ انْشُزُوا فَانْشُزُوا- يَرْفَعِ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ وَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ دَرَجاتٍ‏، فَلَمْ يَرْضَ لِلْعَالِمِ الْمُؤْمِنِ إِلَّا أَنْ يُرْفَعَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِ غَيْرِ الْعَالِمِ، كَمَا لَمْ يَرْضَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِ إِلَّا أَنْ يُرْفَعَ عَلَى مَنْ لَيْسَ بِمُؤْمِنٍ

He^-asws said: ‘Isn’t Allah^-azwj the Exalted Saying: O you those who believe! When it is said to you: ‘Make room in (your) assemblies’, then make ample room, Allah will Give you ample. And when it is said: ‘Rise up’, then rise up. Allah will Exalt those of you who believe, and those who are given knowledge, in ranks; and Allah is Aware of what you are doing [58:11]?’ He^-azwj is not Pleased for the Momin scholar until he is raised to be above the Momin not a scholar, just as He^-azwj is not Pleased for the Momin until he is raised over the one who is not a Momin.

أَخْبِرُونِي عَنْهُ أَ قَالَ: يَرْفَعُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ دَرَجَاتٍ أَوْ قَالَ: يَرْفَعُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا شَرَفَ النَّسَبِ دَرَجَاتٍ أَ وَ لَيْسَ قَالَ اللَّهُ: قُلْ هَلْ يَسْتَوِي الَّذِينَ يَعْلَمُونَ وَ الَّذِينَ لا يَعْلَمُونَ‏ فَكَيْفَ تُنْكِرُونَ رَفْعِي لِهَذَا لَمَّا رَفَعَهُ اللَّهُ إِنَّ كَسْرَ هَذَا لِفُلَانٍ النَّاصِبِ بِحُجَجِ اللَّهِ الَّتِي عَلَّمَهُ إِيَّاهَا- لَأَفْضَلُ لَهُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَرَفٍ فِي النَّسَبِ

Inform me^-asws about it. Did He^-azwj Say Allah^-azwj would be Raising those given the knowledge to (lofty) levels), or did He^-azwj Say Allah^-azwj would Raise those given the nobility of the lineage to (lofty) levels? Or, didn’t Allah (s.w.t) Say: Say: ‘Are they equal, those who do not know and those do know?’ [39:9]. So, how can you be denying the raising of this (person) to what Allah^-azwj Raised him, when he broke so and so the Nasibi by the arguments of Allah^-azwj which he had learnt these – it is more superior for him than all the nobilities regarding the lineage’.

فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسِيُّ: يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ قَدْ شَرَّفْتَ عَلَيْنَا مَنْ هُوَ ذُو نَسَبٍ يَقْصُرُ بِنَا، وَ مَنْ لَيْسَ لَهُ نَسَبٌ كَنَسَبِنَا، وَ مَا زَالَ مُنْذُ أَوَّلِ الْإِسْلَامِ يُقَدَّمُ الْأَفْضَلُ فِي الشَّرَفِ عَلَى مَنْ دُونَهُ

Abbasside said, ‘O son^-asws of Rasool-Allah^-saww! You have ennobled over us, one who is with a lineage deficient from ours, and the one who hasn’t a lineage like our lineage, and it has not ceased to be so since the beginning of Al-Islam, the precedence of the merits regarding the nobility over the ones below it’.

فَقَالَ ع: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ- أَ لَيْسَ الْعَبَّاسُ بَايَعَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَ هُوَ تَيْمِيٌّ وَ الْعَبَّاسُ هَاشِمِيٌّ أَ وَ لَيْسَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ كَانَ يَخْدُمُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، وَ هُوَ هَاشِمِيٌّ وَ أَبُو الْخُلَفَاءِ وَ عُمَرُ عَدَوِيٌّ وَ مَا بَالُ عُمَرَ أَدْخَلَ الْبُعَدَاءَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ فِي الشُّورَى- وَ لَمْ يُدْخِلِ الْعَبَّاسَ

He^-asws said: ‘Glory be to Allah^-azwj! Didn’t Al-Abbas pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr and he was a Tameemi (from the clan of Tameem), and Al-Abbas was a Hashemite? And wasn’t it so that Abdullah Bin Al-Abbas was a servant of Umar Bin Al-Khattab, and he (Abdullah) was a Hashemite and a father of the caliphs, and Umar was a Adawite (clan of Adayy)? And what was the matter Umar included the remote ones from the Quraysh in the consultation but did not include Al-Abbas?

فَإِنْ كَانَ رَفْعُنَا لِمَنْ لَيْسَ بِهَاشِمِيٍّ عَلَى هَاشِمِيٍّ مُنْكَراً- فَأَنْكِرُوا عَلَى الْعَبَّاسِ بَيْعَتَهُ‏ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ خِدْمَتَهُ لِعُمَرَ بَعْدَ بَيْعَتِهِ لَهُ، فَإِنْ‏ كَانَ ذَلِكَ جَائِزاً فَهَذَا جَائِزٌ فَكَأَنَّمَا أُلْقِمَ هَذَا الْهَاشِمِيُّ حَجَراً

So, if our^-asws raising the one who isn’t a Hashemite over a Hashemite was evil – then you should be denying upon Al-Abbas of his pledging allegiance to Abu Bakr, and upon Abdullah Bin Al-Abbas of his serving to Umar after having pledged allegiance to him. So, if that was allowed, then this is (also) allowed’. So, it was as if the Hashemite (Sheikh) had a stone stuck in his throat (silenced)’.[33]

VERSES 12 & 13

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نَاجَيْتُمُ الرَّسُولَ فَقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ نَجْوَاكُمْ صَدَقَةً ۚ ذَٰلِكَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ وَأَطْهَرُ ۚ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ {12}

O you those who believe! Whenever you (wish to) consult the Rasool, then give something in charity before your consultation. That would be better for you and purer. But if you cannot not find (the means), then surely Allah is Forgiving, Merciful [58:12]

أَأَشْفَقْتُمْ أَنْ تُقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ نَجْوَاكُمْ صَدَقَاتٍ ۚ فَإِذْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا وَتَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ فَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَأَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ {13}

Are you fearing sending forth charities before your consultations? So, when you did not do so, and Allah Turned to you. Therefore, establish the Salat and give the Zakat, and obey Allah and His Rasool, and Allah is Aware of what you are doing [58:13]

و عنه، قال: حدثنا أحمد بن الحسن القطان، و محمد بن أحمد السناني، و علي بن أحمد بن موسى الدقاق، و الحسين بن إبراهيم بن أحمد بن هشام المكتب، و علي بن عبد الله الوراق (رضي الله عنهم)، قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباس أحمد بن يحيى بن زكريا القطان، قال: حدثنا بكر بن عبد الله بن حبيب، قال: حدثنا تميم بن بهلول، قال: حدثنا سليمان بن حكيم، عن ثور بن يزيد، عن مكحول، قال: قال أمير المؤمنين علي بن أبي طالب (عليه السلام): «لقد علم المستحفظون من أصحاب النبي محمد (صلى الله عليه و آله) أنه ليس فيهم رجل له منقبة إلا و قد شركته فيها و فضلته، و لي سبعون منقبة لم يشركني فيها أحد منهم

And from him, from Ahmad Bin Al-Hassan Al-Qatan, and Muhammad Bin Ahmad Al-Sanany, and Ali Bin Ahmad Bin Musa Al-Daqaq, and Al-Husayn Bin Ibrahim Bin Ahmad Bin Hisham Al-Maktab, and Ali Bin Abdullah Al-Waraq, from Abu Al-Abbas Ahmad Bin Yahya Bin Zakariyya Al-Qatan, from Bakr Bin Abdullah Bin Habeen, from Tameem Bin Bahlool, from Suleyman Bin Hakeem, from Sawr Bin Yazeed, from Mak’houwl who said,

‘Amir Al-Momineen Ali^-asws Bin Abu Talib^-asws said: ‘The memorisers from the companions of the Prophet^-saww knew that there was no man from among them for whom was a virtue except that there was a sharer in it and its preference. And for me^-asws there are seventy virtues which none from among them has a share in it’.

قلت: يا أمير المؤمنين، فأخبرني بهن؟ فقال (عليه السلام): «إن أول منقبة- و ذكر السبعين و قال في ذلك- و أما الرابعة و العشرون، فإن الله عز و جل أنزل على رسوله: يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذا ناجَيْتُمُ الرَّسُولَ فَقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ نَجْواكُمْ صَدَقَةً فكان لي دينار فبعته بعشرة دراهم، فكنت إذا ناجيت رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) أتصدق  قبل ذلك بدرهم

I said, ‘O Amir-al-Momineen^-asws, can you^-asws inform me about these?’ So he^-asws said: ‘The first virtue’ – and he^-asws went on to mention those seventy and said during that – ‘And as for the twenty fourth, Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed upon His^-azwj Rasool: O you those who believe! Whenever you (wish to) consult the Rasool, then give something in charity before your consultation [58:12]. So, there was a Dinar with me^-asws and I^-asws changed it for ten Dirhams. Then, whenever I^-asws consulted Rasool-Allah^-saww, I^-asws gave one Dirham in charity before that.

و و الله ما فعل هذا أحد غيري من أصحابه قبلي و لا بعدي فأنزل الله عز و جل أَ أَشْفَقْتُمْ أَنْ تُقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ نَجْواكُمْ صَدَقاتٍ فَإِذْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا وَ تابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ الآية، فهل تكون التوبة إلا من ذنب كان؟

By Allah^-azwj! No one did that from his^-saww companions apart from myself^-asws, neither before me^-asws nor after me^-asws. So Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed: Are you fearing sending forth charities before your consultations? So when you did not do so, and Allah Turned to you [58:13] – the Verse. So is there repentance except for the one who was a (persistent) sinner?’[34]

و عنه، قال: حدثنا علي بن عباس، عن محمد بن مروان، عن إبراهيم بن الحكم بن ظهير، عن أبيه، عن السدي، عن عبد خير، عن علي (عليه السلام)، قال: «كنت أول من ناجى رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) كان عندي دينار فصرفته بعشرة دراهم، و كلمت رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) عشر مرات، كلما أردت أن أناجيه تصدقت بدرهم، فشق ذلك على أصحاب رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، فقال المنافقون: ما باله ما ينجش لابن عمه؟ حتى نسخها الله عز و جل فقال: أَ أَشْفَقْتُمْ أَنْ تُقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ نَجْواكُمْ صَدَقاتٍ إلى آخر الآية

And from him, from Ali Bin Abbas, from Muhammad Bin Marwan, from Ibrahim Bin Al-Hakam Bin Zaheer, from his father, from Al-Sady, from Abd Khayr,

‘From Ali^-asws who has said: ‘I^-asws was the first one who consulted Rasool-Allah^-saww. I^-asws had a Dinar with me^-asws, so I^-asws changed it to ten Dirhams, and I^-asws spoke to Rasool-Allah^-saww ten times. Every time I^-asws intended that I^-asws should consult him^-saww, I^-asws gave one Dirham in charity. But, that was too difficult upon the companions of Rasool-Allah^-saww, so the hypocrites said, ‘What spares him^-saww to consult with the son^-asws of his^-saww uncle?’ Until Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Abrogated it, so He^-azwj Said: Are you fearing sending forth charities before your consultations? [58:13] – up to the end of the Verse’.

ثم قال (عليه السلام): «فكنت أول من عمل بهذه الآية و آخر من عمل بها، فلم يعمل بها أحد قبلي و لا بعدي

Then he^-asws said: ‘I^-asws was the first one to act upon this Verse and the last one to act upon it. So no one has acted upon it before me^-asws or after me^-asws’.[35]

ثم قال شرف الدين: و نقلت من مؤلف شيخنا أبي جعفر الطوسي (رحمه الله): أنه في جامع الترمذي و تفسير الثعلبي بإسناده، عن علي بن علقمة الأنماري يرفعه إلى علي (عليه السلام)، أنه قال: « [بي‏] خفف الله عن هذه الأمة، لأن الله امتحن الصحابة بهذه الآية، فتقاعسوا عن مناجاة الرسول (صلى الله عليه و آله)، و كان قد احتجب في منزله من مناجاة كل أحد إلا من تصدق بصدقة

Then Sharaf Al-Deen (Al-Najafy) said, ‘And we copied from our Sheykh Abu Ja’far Al-Toosy, it is in the collection of Al-Tirmidhi and Tafseer Sa’alby by his chain, from Ali Bin Al-Qamah Al-Anmary, with an unbroken chain going up to

Ali^-asws having said: ‘It was by me^-asws that Allah^-azwj Lightened (the load) from this community, because Allah^-azwj Tested the companions with this Verse. They hesitated from consulting the Rasool^-saww, and he^-saww had veiled himself^-saww from every one, by sitting in his^-saww house, except from the one who gave in charity.

و كان معي دينار فتصدقت به، فكنت أنا سبب التوبة من الله على المسلمين حين علمت بالآية، و لو لم يعمل بها أحد لنزل العذاب، لامتناع الكل من العمل بها

And I^-asws had a Dinar with me^-asws, so I^-asws gave charity with it. Thus I^-asws was the reason of the Turning with Mercy by Allah^-azwj upon the Muslims when I^-asws acted upon the Verse. And had no one acted upon it, the Punishment would have befallen, since no one would have acted upon it’.[36]

كشف الغمة أورد الثعلبي و الواحدي و غيرهما من علماء التفسير أن الأغنياء أكثروا مناجاة النبي ص و غلبوا الفقراء على المجالس عنده حتى كره رسول الله ص ذلك و استطالة جلوسهم و كثرة مناجاتهم فأنزل الله تعالى‏ يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذا ناجَيْتُمُ الرَّسُولَ فَقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ نَجْواكُمْ صَدَقَةً ذلِكَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ وَ أَطْهَرُ

(The book) ‘Kashf al Ghumma’ – Reported by Al Sa’alby, and al Wahidy, and other from the scholars of interpretation –

‘The rich people used to frequently consult the Prophet^-saww and overwhelmed upon the poor people gathering in his^-saww presence to the extent that Rasool-Allah^-saww disliked that and he^-saww prolonged their gathering and frequented their consulting. So, Allah^-azwj Revealed: O you those who believe! Whenever you (wish to) consult the Rasool, then give something in charity before your consultation. That would be better for you and purer. [58:12].

فأمر بالصدقة أمام المناجاة و أما أهل العسرة فلم يجدوا و أما الأغنياء فبخلوا و خف ذلك على رسول الله ص و خف ذلك الزحام‏ و غلبوا على حبه و الرغبة في مناجاته حب الحطام‏ و اشتد على أصحابه فنزلت الآية التي بعدها راشقة لهم بسهام الملام ناسخة بحكمها حيث أحجم‏ من كان دأبه الإقدام

So, he^-saww instructed with the charity being given before the consultation. And as for the people of poverty, they could not find, and as for the rich, they were miserly and that was light upon Rasool-Allah^-saww and traffic of that crowd lightened, they overcame upon his^-saww love and desire in consulting him^-saww by love for the debris (of the world), and it was difficult upon his^-saww companions. So, the Verse which is after it, was Revealed as a stabbing to them with the arrows of blame, Abrogating its rule when the ones who were constantly coming forward, had withheld’’.^[37]

وَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع‏ إِنَّ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ لآَيَةً مَا عَمِلَ بِهَا أَحَدٌ قَبْلِي وَ لَا يَعْمَلُ أَحَدٌ بِهَا بَعْدِي‏ وَ هِيَ آيَةُ الْمُنَاجَاةِ فَإِنَّهَا لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ كَانَ لِي دِينَارٌ فَبِعْتُهُ بِدَرَاهِمَ‏ وَ كُنْتُ إِذَا نَاجَيْتُ الرَّسُولَ تَصَدَّقْتُ حَتَّى فَنِيَتْ فَنُسِخَتْ بِقَوْلِهِ- أَ أَشْفَقْتُمْ أَنْ تُقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ نَجْواكُمْ صَدَقاتٍ‏ الْآيَةَ

And Ali^-asws said: ‘There is a Verse in the Book of Allah^-azwj, no one acted with it before me^-asws nor did anyone act with it after me^-asws, and it is the Verse of consultation, for when it was Revealed, there was a Dinar for me^-asws, so I^-asws changed it into Dirhams, and whenever I^-asws used to consult the Rasool^-saww, I^-asws gave in charity until these were depleted. Then it was Abrogated by His^-azwj Words: Are you fearing sending forth charities before your consultations? [58:13] – the Verse’’.^[38]

VERSE 14 – 18

أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا قَوْمًا غَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا هُمْ مِنْكُمْ وَلَا مِنْهُمْ وَيَحْلِفُونَ عَلَى الْكَذِبِ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ {14}

Have you not seen those who befriend a people whom Allah is Wrathful upon? They are neither from you nor from them, and they are knowingly swearing upon the lie [58:14]  

أَعَدَّ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا ۖ إِنَّهُمْ سَاءَ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ {15}

Allah has Prepared a severe Punishment for them. It was evil, what they were doing [58:15]  

اتَّخَذُوا أَيْمَانَهُمْ جُنَّةً فَصَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ {16}

They are taking their oaths as a shield, so they can block from the Way of Allah, therefore, for them would be an abasing Punishment [58:16]  

لَنْ تُغْنِيَ عَنْهُمْ أَمْوَالُهُمْ وَلَا أَوْلَادُهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ ۖ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ {17}

Neither their wealth nor their children will ever avail them of anything from Allah. They are the inmates of the Fire. They would be therein eternally [58:17]

يَوْمَ يَبْعَثُهُمُ اللَّهُ جَمِيعًا فَيَحْلِفُونَ لَهُ كَمَا يَحْلِفُونَ لَكُمْ ۖ وَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ عَلَىٰ شَيْءٍ ۚ أَلَا إِنَّهُمْ هُمُ الْكَاذِبُونَ {18}

On the Day Allah would Resurrect them all, so they will swear to Him as they have been swearing to you all, and they are reckoning that they were upon something. Indeed! They are the liars [58:18]  

علي بن إبراهيم، قال: نزلت في الثاني، لأنه مر به رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) و هو جالس عند رجل من اليهود يكتب خبر رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، فأنزل الله جل و عز: أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا قَوْماً غَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ ما هُمْ مِنْكُمْ وَ لا مِنْهُمْ

Ali Bin Ibrahim (Tafseer Qummi), said,

‘It was Revealed regarding the second one (Umar) because Rasool-Allah^-saww passed by him while he was seated with a Jew writing the news of Rasool-Allah^-saww. So Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed: Have you not seen those who befriend a people whom Allah is Wrathful upon? They are neither from you nor from them [58:14].

فجاء الثاني إلى رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، فقال له رسول الله: «رأيتك تكتب عن اليهود و قد نهى الله عن ذلك؟». فقال: يا رسول الله، كتبت عنه ما في التوراة من صفتك، و أقبل يقرأ ذلك على رسول‏ الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) و هو غضبان

So, the second one (Umar) came to Rasool-Allah^-saww. Rasool-Allah^-saww said to him: ‘I^-saww saw you writing from the Jew and Allah^-azwj has Prohibited from that?’ He said, ‘O Rasool-Allah^-saww! I wrote from him of what was your^-saww description in the Torah’, and went on to recite that on Rasool-Allah^-saww. But he^-saww was angered.

فقال له رجل من الأنصار: ويلك، أما ترى غضب رسول الله عليك؟ فقال: أعوذ بالله من غضب الله و غضب رسوله، إني إنما كتبت ذلك لما وجدت فيه من خبرك؟

Then a man from the Helpers said to him, ‘Woe be unto you! Did you not see the anger of Rasool-Allah^-saww upon you?’ So, he said, ‘I seek Refuge from the Anger of Allah^-azwj and His^‑azwj Rasool^-saww, but I wrote what I found in it from your^-saww news?’

فقال له رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): «يا فلان، لو أن موسى بن عمران فيهم قائما ثم أتيته رغبة عما جئت به لكنت كافرا [بما جئت به‏]» و هو قوله تعالى: اتَّخَذُوا أَيْمانَهُمْ جُنَّةً أي حجابا بينهم و بين الكفار، و إيمانهم إقرار باللسان فرقا  من السيف و رفع الجزية

Rasool-Allah^-saww said to him: ‘O so and so (Umar)! Even if Musa^-as Bin Imran^-as was standing among them, then you came to him^-as desiring about what he^-asws had come with, you would still be a Kafir with what you have come with, and these are the Words of the Exalted: They are taking their oaths as a shield [58:16] – i.e., as a veil from between them and the Kafirs,  so they can block from the Way of Allah [58:16], and their Eman is their acceptance by their tongues, separate from the sword (war) and raising of the taxes’.

و قوله تعالى: يَوْمَ يَبْعَثُهُمُ اللَّهُ جَمِيعاً فَيَحْلِفُونَ لَهُ كَما يَحْلِفُونَ لَكُمْ قال: إذا كان يوم القيامة جمع الله الذين غصبوا آل محمد حقهم، فيعرض عليهم أعمالهم، فيحلفون له أنهم لم يعملوا منها شيئا كما حلفوا لرسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) في الدنيا حين حلفوا أن لا يردوا الولاية في بني هاشم، و حين هموا بقتل رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) في العقبة

And the Words of the Exalted: On the Day Allah would Resurrect them all, so they will swear to Him as they have been swearing to you all, [58:18], said, ‘When it will be the Day of Judgement, Allah^-azwj will Gather the ones who usurped the rights of the Progeny^-asws of Muhammad^-saww, and He^-azwj will Present their deeds to them, but they would swear to Him^-azwj that they did not do any of the deeds from those just like they used to swear to Rasool-Allah^-saww in the world (beforehand) where they swore that they would not let the Wilayah to be in the Clan of Hashim^-asws, and where they resolved to murder Rasool-Allah^-saww in Al-Uqba.

فلما أطلع الله نبيه و أخبره، حلفوا له أنهم لم يقولوا ذلك و لم يهموا به حتى أنزل الله على رسوله: يَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ ما قالُوا وَ لَقَدْ قالُوا كَلِمَةَ الْكُفْرِ وَ كَفَرُوا بَعْدَ إِسْلامِهِمْ وَ هَمُّوا بِما لَمْ يَنالُوا وَ ما نَقَمُوا إِلَّا أَنْ أَغْناهُمُ اللَّهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ فَإِنْ يَتُوبُوا يَكُ خَيْراً لَهُمْ

When Allah^-azwj Notified His^-azwj Prophet^-saww and Informed him^-saww, they swore to him^-saww that they did not say that and did not resolve for it, to the extent that Allah^-azwj Revealed unto His^-azwj Rasool^-saww: They are swearing by Allah that they did not say it, and they have said the word of Kufr, and they committed Kufr after their Islam and they planned with what they could not attain; and they hated except if Allah and His Rasool was to Enrich them from His Grace. So if they were to repent, it would be better for them, [9:74]’.[39]

Additional Ahadeeth on Muslims sects are included in the Appendix.

VERSES 19 – 21

اسْتَحْوَذَ عَلَيْهِمُ الشَّيْطَانُ فَأَنْسَاهُمْ ذِكْرَ اللَّهِ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ حِزْبُ الشَّيْطَانِ ۚ أَلَا إِنَّ حِزْبَ الشَّيْطَانِ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ {19}

The Satan has overcome upon them, so he made them forget the Zikr of Allah. They are the Satan’s party. They would be the losers [58:19]

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُحَادُّونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ أُولَٰئِكَ فِي الْأَذَلِّينَ {20}

Surely, those who oppose Allah and His Rasool, they would be among the most humiliated [58:20]

كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَأَغْلِبَنَّ أَنَا وَرُسُلِي ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ {21}

Allah has Ordained: “Neither I nor My Rasool would be overcome!” Surely, Allah is Strong, Mighty [58:21]

فِي كِتَابِ الْمَنَاقِبِ لِابْنِ شَهْرَآشُوبَ خُطْبَةٌ لِلْحُسَيْنِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ‏ خَطَبَ بِهَا لَمَّا رَأَى صُفُوفَ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ بِكَرْبَلَا كَاللَّيْلِ وَ السَّيْلِ وَ فِيهَا: فَنِعْمَ الرَّبُّ رَبُّنَا وَ بِئْسَ الْعِبَادُ أَنْتُمْ أَقْرَرْتُمْ بِالطَّاعَةِ وَ آمَنْتُمْ بِالرَّسُولِ مُحَمَّدٍ ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمْ رَجَعْتُمْ إِلَى ذُرِّيَّتِهِ وَ عِتْرَتِهِ تُرِيدُونَ‏ قَتْلَهُمْ؛

In the book Al Manaqib of Ibn Shehr Ashub –

‘There is a sermon of Al-Husayn^-asws, he^-asws preached with it when he^-asws saw the rows (of the army) of the people of Al-Kufa at Karbala like the (waves) of dark torrents, and in it (he^-asws said): ‘So the best of Lords, is our Lord^-azwj and the worst of the servants are you all. You accepted to be obedient, and you believed in the Rasool^-saww Muhammad^-saww, then you returned to his^-saww offspring and his^-saww family intending to kill them^-asws?

لَقَدِ اسْتَحْوَذَ عَلَيْكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ فَأَنْسَاكُمْ ذِكْرَ اللَّهِ الْعَظِيمِ فَتَبّاً لَكُمْ وَ لِمَا تُرِيدُونَ، إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَ إِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ، هَؤُلَاءِ قَوْمٌ كَفَرُوا بَعْدَ إِيمَانِهِمْ فَبُعْداً لِلْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ

The Satan^-la has overcome upon you and he^-la made you forget the Zikr of Allah^-azwj the Magnificent. So damnation be to you and for what you are intending! We are for Allah and we are returning to Him [2:156]. They are a people who are committing Kufr after their Eman. Therefore, remoteness is for the unjust people [23:41]’’.[40]

المجالس للمفيد الصَّدُوقُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ الثَّقَفِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْبَاقِرِ ع قَالَ: لَمَّا حَضَرَ النَّبِيَّ ص الْوَفَاةُ نَزَلَ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع فَقَالَ لَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَلْ لَكَ فِي الرُّجُوعِ قَالَ لَا قَدْ بَلَّغْتُ رِسَالاتِ رَبِّي ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ أَ تُرِيدُ الرُّجُوعَ إِلَى الدُّنْيَا قَالَ لَا بَلِ الرَّفِيقَ الْأَعْلَى

(The book) ‘Al Majaalis’ of Al Mufeed – Al Sadouq, from his father, from Sa’ad, from Al Saqafy, from Muhammad Bin Mawan, from Zayd Bin Aban Bin Usman, from Abu Baseer,

‘From Abu Ja’far Al-Baqir^-asws having said: ‘When the expiry presented to the Prophet^-saww, Jibraeel^-as descended. Jibraeel^-as said to him^-saww: ‘O Rasool-Allah^-saww! Is it for you^-saww regarding the return (not to pass away)?’ He^-saww said: ‘No, I^-saww have delivered the Message of my^-saww Lord^-azwj’. Then he^-as said to him^-saww: ‘Do you want the return to the world?’ He^-saww said: ‘No, but the lofty friends’.

ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ هُمْ مُجْتَمِعُونَ حَوْلَهُ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ لَا نَبِيَّ بَعْدِي وَ لَا سُنَّةَ بَعْدَ سُنَّتِي فَمَنِ ادَّعَى ذَلِكَ فَدَعْوَاهُ وَ بِدْعَتُهُ فِي النَّارِ وَ مَنِ ادَّعَى ذَلِكَ فَاقْتُلُوهُ وَ مَنِ اتَّبَعَهُ فَإِنَّهُمْ فِي النَّارِ

Then Rasool-Allah^-saww said to the Muslims, and they had gathered around him^-saww: ‘O you people! There is no Prophet^-saww after me^-saww, nor any Sunnah after my^-saww Sunnah. So the one who claims that, his claim and his innovation would be in the Fire, and the one who claims that, then kill him, and the ones who follow him, they would be in the Fire.

أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَحْيُوا الْقِصَاصَ وَ أَحْيُوا الْحَقَّ وَ لَا تَفَرَّقُوا وَ أَسْلِمُوا وَ سَلِّمُوا تَسْلَمُوا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَأَغْلِبَنَّ أَنَا وَ رُسُلِي إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ

O you people! Revive the retaliation and revive the Truth, and do not separate, and submit, and submit submissively. Allah has Ordained: “Neither I nor My Rasool would be overcome!” Surely, Allah is Strong, Mighty [58:21]’’.^[41]

VERSE 22

لَا تَجِدُ قَوْمًا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ يُوَادُّونَ مَنْ حَادَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَلَوْ كَانُوا آبَاءَهُمْ أَوْ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ أَوْ إِخْوَانَهُمْ أَوْ عَشِيرَتَهُمْ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ كَتَبَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الْإِيمَانَ وَأَيَّدَهُمْ بِرُوحٍ مِنْهُ ۖ وَيُدْخِلُهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ۚ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ حِزْبُ اللَّهِ ۚ أَلَا إِنَّ حِزْبَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ {22}

You will not find a people believing in Allah and the Last Day befriending ones who oppose Allah and His Rasool, and even though they may be their fathers, or their sons, or their brothers, or their clan. For them, Allah has Written the Eman to be in their hearts and He Aids them with a Spirit from Him.

And they would be entering the Paradise, the rivers flowing beneath them, being eternally therein. Allah being Pleased with them, and they being pleased from Him. They are the party of Allah. Indeed! Surely the party of Allah, they are the successful ones [58:22]

The Eman Written in the hearts

عَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ فُضَيْلٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أُولئِكَ كَتَبَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الْإِيمانَ هَلْ لَهُمْ فِيمَا كَتَبَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ صُنْعٌ قَالَ لَا

From him, from Ahmad, from Safwan, from Aban, from Fuzayl who said,

‘I said to Abu Abdullah^-asws, ‘They, Allah has Written the Eman to be in their hearts [58:22], is it for them regarding what is Impressed in their hearts, any say (control over it)?’ He^-asws said: ‘No’.[42]

عنه، عن الحسن بن علي الوشاء، عن أبان الاحمر بن عثمان، عن فضل أبى – العباس بقباق قال: سألت أبا عبد الله عليه السلام عن قول الله: ” وكتب في قلوبهم الايمان ” هل لهم غير ذلك صنع؟ – قال: لا

From him, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Al Washa, from Aban Al Ahma Bin Usman, from Fazaal Abu Al Abbas at Qabaaq who said,

‘I asked Abu Abdullah^-asws about the Words of Allah^-azwj: They, Allah has Written the Eman to be in their hearts [58:22]. Is there for them to do other than that?’ He^-asws said: ‘No’.[43]

The Aided Spirit from Allah^-azwj

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ أَيَّدَهُمْ بِرُوحٍ مِنْهُ قَالَ هُوَ الْإِيمَانُ

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Abu Hamza,

‘From Abu Ja’far^-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘And I asked him^-asws about the Words of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic: and He Aids them with a Spirit from Him [58:22]. He^-asws said: ‘It is the Eman’.[44]

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) إِذَا زَنَى الرَّجُلُ فَارَقَهُ رُوحُ الْإِيمَانِ قَالَ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ وَ أَيَّدَهُمْ بِرُوحٍ مِنْهُ ذَاكَ الَّذِي يُفَارِقُهُ

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazzal, from Ibn Bukeyr who said,

‘I said to Abu Ja’far^-asws regarding the words of Rasool-Allah^-saww: ‘When the man commits adultery, the spirit of the Emān separates from him’. He^-asws said: ‘These are His^-azwj Words: and He Aids them with a Spirit from Him [58:22]. That is which separates from him’.[45]

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ تَغْلِبَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَا مِنْ مُؤْمِنٍ إِلَّا وَ لِقَلْبِهِ أُذُنَانِ فِي جَوْفِهِ أُذُنٌ يَنْفُثُ فِيهَا الْوَسْوَاسُ الْخَنَّاسُ وَ أُذُنٌ يَنْفُثُ فِيهَا الْمَلَكُ فَيُؤَيِّدُ اللَّهُ الْمُؤْمِنَ بِالْمَلَكِ فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ وَ أَيَّدَهُمْ بِرُوحٍ مِنْه

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Sayf Bin Ameyra, from Aban Bin Taghlub,

‘From Abu Abdullah^-asws having said: ‘There is none from a Momin except for his heart would be two ears in its interior – an ear into which the slinking whisperer (Satan^-la) can blow, and an ear into which the Angel would blow. Thus, Allah^-azwj Assists the Momin with the Angel, and these are His^-azwj Words: and He Aids them with a Spirit from Him [58:22]’.[46]

محمد بن العباس، قال: حدثنا المنذر بن محمد، عن أبيه، قال: حدثني عمي الحسين بن سعيد، عن أبان بن تغلب، عن علي بن محمد بن بشر، قال: قال محمد بن علي (عليه السلام)- ابن الحنفية- إنما حبنا أهل البيت شي‏ء يكتبه الله في أيمن قلب العبد، و من كتبه الله في قلبه لا يستطيع أحد محوه

Muhammad Bin Al-Abbas, from Al-Munzar Bin Muhammad, from his father, from Ummy Al-Husayn Bin Saeed, from Abaan Bin Taghlub, from Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Bashar who said,

‘Muhammad^-asws Bin Ali^-asws said: ‘Ibn Hanafiyya – But rather, the love for us^-asws, the People^-asws of the Household is a thing which Allah^-azwj Writes upon the right (side) of the heart of the servant. And on whose heart Allah^-azwj Writes it, no one has the ability to delete it.

أما سمعت الله سبحانه يقول: أُولئِكَ كَتَبَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الْإِيمانَ وَ أَيَّدَهُمْ بِرُوحٍ مِنْهُ إلى آخر الآية، فحبنا أهل البيت الإيمان

Have you not heard Allah^-azwj, the Glorious Saying: They, Allah has Written the Eman to be in their hearts and He Aids them with a Spirit from Him [58:22] – up to the end of the Verse. So, the love for us^-asws, the People^-asws of the Household, is the Eman (faith)’.[47]

The successful party of Allah^-azwj

و من طريق المخالفين: ما رواه أبو نعيم، قال: حدثنا محمد بن حميد بإسناده، عن عيسى بن عبد الله بن محمد بن عمرو ، قال: حدثني أبي، عن جده، عن علي (عليه السلام)، أنه قال: «قال سلمان الفارسي: يا أبا الحسن، ما طلعت على رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) إلا و ضرب بين كتفي، و قال: يا سلمان، هذا و حزبه هم المفلحون

And from the way of the adversaries is what is reported by Abu Naeem who said, ‘It was narrated to us by Muhammad Bin Humeyd by his chain, from Isa Bin Abdullah Bin Muhammad Bin Amro who said, ‘

‘My father narrated to me from his grandfather, from Ali^-asws having said: ‘Salman Al-Farsy^-ra said, ‘O Abu Al-Hassan^-asws! I^-asws did not (ever) emerge unto Rasool-Allah^-saww except and he^-saww tended to strike upon my^-asws shoulder and say: ‘O Salman^-ra! This one^-asws and his^-asws party are the successful ones’’.[48]

عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام يد، التوحيد الدَّقَّاقُ عَنِ الْأَسَدِيِّ عَنِ الْبَرْمَكِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ‏[49] عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ‏ عَنْ عَبْدِ السَّلَامِ عَنْ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْيَقْظَانِ‏ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: يَجِي‏ءُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ آخِذاً بِحُجْزَةِ رَبِّهِ وَ نَحْنُ آخِذُونَ بِحُجْزَةِ نَبِيِّنَا وَ شِيعَتُنَا آخِذُونَ بِحُجْزَتِنَا فَنَحْنُ وَ شِيعَتُنَا حِزْبُ‏ اللَّهِ‏ وَ حِزْبُ‏ اللَّهِ‏ هُمُ الْغالِبُونَ‏

Al Dqaqaq, from Al Asady, from Al Barmakky, from Ali Bin Al Abbas, from Al Hassan Bin Yusuf, from Abdul Salam, from Ammar, from Abu Al Yaqzan,

‘From Abu Abdullah^-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah^-saww would come on the Day of Judgment grabbing with the ‘Hujzat’ of his^-saww Lord^-azwj, and we^-asws would be grabbing with the ‘Hujzat’ of our^-asws Prophet^-saww, and our^-asws Shias would be grabbing with our^-asws ‘Hujzat’. Thus, us^-asws and our^-asws Shias are the party of Allah^-azwj, and the party of Allah, they would be triumphant [5:56].

وَ اللَّهِ مَا نَزْعُمُ أَنَّهَا حُجْزَةُ الْإِزَارِ وَ لَكِنَّهَا أَعْظَمُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ يَجِي‏ءُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص آخِذاً بِدِينِ اللَّهِ وَ نَجِي‏ءُ نَحْنُ آخِذِينَ بِدِينِ نَبِيِّنَا وَ يَجِي‏ءُ شِيعَتُنَا آخِذِينَ بِدِينِنَا

By Allah^-azwj! We^-asws do not claim that it is a mid-part of the trouser, but it is greater than that. Rasool-Allah^-saww would come grabbing with the Religion of Allah^-azwj, and we^-asws would come grabbing with the Religion of our^-asws Prophet^-saww, and our^-asws Shias would come grabbing with our^-asws Religion’’.^[50]

عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام حَمْزَةُ الْعَلَوِيُّ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنِ الرِّضَا عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‏ مَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَرْكَبَ سَفِينَةَ النَّجَاةِ وَ يَسْتَمْسِكَ‏ بِالْعُرْوَةِ الْوُثْقى‏* وَ يَعْتَصِمَ بِحَبْلِ اللَّهِ الْمَتِينِ فَلْيُوَالِ عَلِيّاً بَعْدِي وَ لْيُعَادِ عَدُوَّهُ وَ لْيَأْتَمَّ بِالْهُدَاةِ مِنْ وُلْدِهِ

(The book) ‘Uyoon Akhbar Al Reza^-asws – Hamza Al Alawy, from Ali, from his father, from Ali Bin Ma’bad, from Al Husayn Bin Khalid,

‘From Al-Reza^-asws, from his^-asws forefathers^-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘One who loves to sail the ship of salvation and attach with the Firmest Handhold, and hold fast to the strong rope of Allah^-azwj, then let him be in the Wilayah of Ali^-asws after me^-saww, and let him be inimical to his^-asws enemies, and let him take as Imams^-asws with the guides from his^-asws sons.

فَإِنَّهُمْ خُلَفَائِي وَ أَوْصِيَائِي وَ حُجَجُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْخَلْقِ بَعْدِي وَ سَادَةُ أُمَّتِي وَ قَادَةُ الْأَتْقِيَاءِ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ حِزْبُهُمْ حِزْبِي وَ حِزْبِي حِزْبُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ حِزْبُ أَعْدَائِهِمْ حِزْبُ الشَّيْطَانِ‏

They^-asws are my^-saww Caliphs, and my^-saww successors^-asws, and Divine Authorities of Allah^-azwj upon the creatures after me^-saww, and chiefs of my^-saww community, and guides of the pious to the Paradise. Their^-asws party is my^-saww party, and my^-saww party is party of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and party of their^-asws enemies is party of Satan^-la’’.^[51]

Appendix:

Division of the community into seventy-three sects

قال أبان: قال سليم: سمعت علي بن أبي طالب عليه السلام يقول: إن الأمة ستفترق على ثلاث وسبعين فرقة، اثنتان وسبعون فرقة في النار وفرقة في الجنة. وثلاث عشرة فرقة من الثلاث والسبعين تنتحل محبتنا أهل البيت، واحدة منها في الجنة واثنتا عشرة في النار

Abaan said that Sulaym said, ‘I heard Ali^-asws Bin Abu Talib^-asws say that: ‘The community will be divided into seventy three sects, seventy two sects will be in the Fire and one sect will be in the Paradise. Thirteen of the seventy-three sects will arrogate (claim) to love us^-asws the People^-asws of the Household, one of these will be in the Paradise and twelve will be in the Fire.

Specifications of the Rescued sect

وأما الفرقة الناجية المهدية المؤملة المؤمنة المسلمة الموافقة المرشدة فهي المؤتمنة بي المسلمة لأمري المطيعة لي المتبرئة من عدوي المحبة لي والمبغضة لعدوي

And as for the rescued sect, it is the guided, the hopeful, and the submissive in accordance with the Guide^-asws. This sect is the trusted one to follow the orders that I^-asws issue, and it keeps away from my^-asws enemies, and loves me^-asws, and harbours hatred towards my^-asws enemies.

التي قد عرفت حقي وإمامتي وفرض طاعتي من كتاب الله وسنة نبيه، فلم ترتد ولم تشك لما قد نور الله في قلبها من معرفة حقنا وعرفها من فضلها، وألهمها وأخذها بنواصيها فأدخلها في شيعتنا حتى اطمأنت قلوبها واستيقنت يقينا لا يخالطه شك

It is which has recognised my^-asws rights, and my^-asws Imamate, and the obligation to obey me^-asws from the Book of Allah^-azwj and the Sunnah of His^-azwj Prophet^-saww, and has not turned apostate nor does it have any doubts, for Allah^-azwj has Enlightened its hearts by the recognition of our^-asws rights, and have understood its merits, and Inspired it and Taken it by its corners and entered it into the hearts of our^-asws Shias until they achieved reassurance in their hearts and had firm conviction, not mixed with doubt’.

Imams^-asws of the Rescued sect

إني أنا وأوصيائي بعدي إلى يوم القيامة هداة مهتدون، الذين قرنهم الله بنفسه ونبيه في آي من الكتاب كثيرة، وطهرنا وعصمنا وجعلنا شهداء على خلقه وحجته في أرضه وخزانه على علمه ومعادن حكمه وتراجمة وحيه

I^-asws, and the successors^-asws after me^-asws, are Guides and the Guided ones up to the Day of Judgement, whom Allah^-azwj has Joined them^-asws to Himself^-azwj, and with His^-azwj Prophet^-saww in numerous Verses from the Book, and has Purified us^-asws, and Made us^-asws to be infallible and as witnesses over His^-azwj creation, and His^-azwj Divine Authorities in His^-azwj earth, and are the trustees on His^-azwj Knowledge, and the mine of His^-azwj Wisdom, and the Interpreters of His^-azwj Revelation.

وجعلنا مع القرآن والقرآن معنا لا نفارقه ولا يفارقنا حتى نرد على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله حوضه كما قال

And He^-azwj Made us^-asws to be with the Quran, and the Quran to be with us^-asws, it will not separate from us^-asws nor will we separate from it until we^-asws return to Rasool-Allah^-saww to his^-saww Fountain as he^-saww has said’.

The seventy third sect on the Day of Judgement

وتلك الفرقة الواحدة من الثلاث والسبعين فرقة هي الناجية من النار ومن جميع الفتن والضلالات والشبهات، وهم من أهل الجنة حقا، وهم سبعون ألفا يدخلون الجنة بغير حساب. وجميع تلك الفرق الاثنتين والسبعين هم المتدينون بغير الحق، الناصرون لدين الشيطان الآخذون عن إبليس وأوليائه

And that one sect out of the seventy three sects is the one rescued from the Fire and from all the tribulation and the errors and the confusion, and they are the true inhabitants of the Paradise, and seventy thousand of them will enter the Paradise without Reckoning. And all those seventy two sects have taken to the Religion without the truth, helpers to the religion of the Satan^-la, taking it from Iblees^-la and his^-la friends.

هم أعداء الله تعالى وأعداء رسوله وأعداء المؤمنين، يدخلون النار بغير حساب. براء من الله ومن رسوله، نسوا الله ورسوله وأشركوا بالله وكفروا به وعبدوا غير الله من حيث لا يعلمون، وهم يحسبون أنهم يحسنون صنعا

They are the enemies of Allah^-azwj and His^-azwj Rasool^-saww, and the enemies of the Momineen, and will be entering the Fire without Reckoning. They are remote from Allah^-azwj and from His^-azwj Rasool^-saww, having forgotten Allah^-azwj and His^-azwj Rasool^-saww and have associated with Allah^-azwj, and denied Him^-azwj, and have worshipped others apart from Allah^-azwj without having realised it, and they count themselves as having done something good.

يقولون يوم القيامة: (والله ربنا ما كنا مشركين) ، (يحلفون له كما يحلفون لكم ويحسبون أنهم على شيئ ألا إنهم هم الكاذبون)

They will be saying on the Day of Judgement: ‘By Allah, our Lord! We were not associators’ [6:23]; so they will swear to Him as they have been swearing to you all, and they are reckoning that they upon something. Indeed! They are the liars [58:18]’’.[52]

علي بن إبراهيم: إنها نزلت في قوم تعرض عليهم أعمالهم فينكرونها، فيقولون: ما عملنا منها شيئا، فتشهد عليهم الملائكة الذين كتبوا عليهم أعمالهم. قال

Ali Bin Ibrahim –

‘It was Revealed about a people whose deeds would be presented to them, so they would be denying these. They would be saying, ‘We do not know (having committed) anything from these. So the Angels who wrote down their deeds would testify against them.

قال الصادق (عليه السلام): «فيقولون لله: يا رب، هؤلاء ملائكتك يشهدون لك، ثم يحلفون بالله ما فعلوا من ذلك شيئا، و هو قول الله تعالى: يَوْمَ يَبْعَثُهُمُ اللَّهُ جَمِيعاً فَيَحْلِفُونَ لَهُ كَما يَحْلِفُونَ لَكُمْ، و هم الذين غصبوا أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)، فعند ذلك يختم الله على ألسنتهم

Al-Sadiq^-asws said: ‘But they would be saying, ‘O Lord^-azwj! These Angels of Yours^-azwj are testifying for You^-azwj’. They would be swearing by Allah^-azwj that they did not do anything from that, and these are the Words of Allah^-azwj the Exalted: On the Day Allah would Resurrect them all, so they will swear to Him as they have been swearing to you all [58:18], and they are the ones who usurped the rights of Amir-Al-Momineen^-asws, upon which Allah^-azwj would Seal their tongues, and their organs would talk.

و ينطق جوارحهم، فيشهد السمع بما سمع مما حرم الله، و يشهد البصر بما نظر إلى ما حرم الله، و تشهد اليدان بما أخذتا، و تشهد الرجلان بما سعتا فيما حرم الله، و يشهد الفرج بما ارتكب مما حرم الله

And their ears would testify to what they had heard from what Allah^-azwj had Prohibited, and the eyes would testify to what they had looked at towards what Allah^-azwj had Prohibited, and the hands would testify to what they had done, and the two feet would testify to what sought for what Allah^-azwj had Prohibited, and the private parts would testify to what they had indulged in from what Allah^-azwj had Prohibited’’.[53]

[1] تفسير القمي، ج‏2، ص: 353

[2] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 24, The book of Imamate, P 1 Ch 58 H 34

[3] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 24, The book of Imamate, P 1 Ch 56 H 2

[4] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 24, The book of Imamate, P 1 Ch 67 H 92

[5] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 22, The book of our Prophet-saww, P 5 Ch 2 H 36

[6] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 28, The book of Fitna (Strife) And Ordeals, Ch 3 H 2

[7] ثواب الأعمال: 117.

[8] Tafseer Al Burhan – H 10546

[9] خواص القرآن: 10 «مخطوط».

[10] Tafseer Noor Al Saqalayn – CH 58 H 2

[11] Al Kafi – V 7 – The Book of Divorce Ch 72 H 1

[12] Al Kafi – V 4 – The Book of Fasts Ch 10 H 1 (Extract)

[13] Tafseer Abu Hamza Al Sumaly – Report No. 317 – (Non-Shiah Source)

[14] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 348/ 215.

[15] (تفسير القمي 2: 433)

[16] Tafseer Noor Al Saqalayn – CH 99 H 8

[17] Tafseer Noor Al Saqalayn Ch 99 – H 9

[18] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Tawheed (Oneness of Allah^azwj) CH 19 H 5

[19] الكافي 1: 101/ 1.

[20] Al Kafi – H 14650

[21] تفسير القمّي 2: 356.

[22] Taweel Al Ayaat Al Zaahira – H 2

[23] الكافي 2: 474/ 1

[24] تفسير القمّي 2: 354.

[25] الأمالي 2: 217

[26] تفسير القمّي 2: 356.

[27] Al Kafi H 14554

[28] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 24 H 2

[29] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 33 H 5 (Extract)

[30] الكافي 2: 485/ 8

[31] الكافي 2: 484/ 4

[32] الكافي 2: 484/ 4

[33] Tafseer Imam Hassan Al Askari^asws – S 238

[34] الخصال: 574/ 1

[35] تأويل الآيات 2: 673/ 5.

[36] الآيات 2: 675/ 7، سنن الترمذي 5: 406/ 3300، غاية المرام: 349/ 4.

[37] Bihar Al Anwaar – V 35, The book of History – Amir Al Momineen^asws, Ch 18 H 1 a

[38] Bihar Al Anwaar – V 35, The book of History – Amir Al Momineen^asws, Ch 18 H 1 b

[39] تفسير القمّي 2: 357

[40] تفسير نور الثقلين، ج‏5، ص: 267 – H 51

[41] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 22, The book of our Prophet^-saww, P 5 Ch 1 H 24

[42] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 10 H 2

[43] Al Mahaasin – V 1 Bk 5 H 27

[44] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 10 H 1

[45] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 112 H 11

[46] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 109 H 3

[47] تأويل الآيات 2: 676/ 8.

[48] تأويل الآيات 2: 676/ 9، النور المشتعل: 253/ 70

[49] ( 2) لعله هو عليّ بن العباس الجراذيني الرازيّ الضعيف المرمى بالغلو، حكى عن جامع الرواة و رواية البرمكى عنه.

[50] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 4, The book of Tawheed, S 1, Ch 4 H 3

[51] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 23, The book of Imamate, P 1 Ch 7 H 100

[52] Kitaab Sulaym Bin Qays Al Hilali – H 7

[53] تفسير القمّي 2: 264.