VERSES 36 – 38
فِي بُيُوتٍ أَذِنَ اللَّهُ أَنْ تُرْفَعَ وَيُذْكَرَ فِيهَا اسْمُهُ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ فِيهَا بِالْغُدُوِّ وَالْآصَالِ {36}
(The Light is) in houses which Allah has Allowed to be Exalted and His Name is being Mentioned in these; Glorifying Him therein in the mornings and the evenings [24:36]
رِجَالٌ لَا تُلْهِيهِمْ تِجَارَةٌ وَلَا بَيْعٌ عَنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَإِقَامِ الصَّلَاةِ وَإِيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ ۙ يَخَافُونَ يَوْمًا تَتَقَلَّبُ فِيهِ الْقُلُوبُ وَالْأَبْصَارُ {37}
Men whom neither trading nor selling diverts them from the Zikr of Allah and establishing the Salat and giving the Zakat. They are fearing a Day in which the hearts and the sights would be overturned [24:37]
لِيَجْزِيَهُمُ اللَّهُ أَحْسَنَ مَا عَمِلُوا وَيَزِيدَهُمْ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ يَرْزُقُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ {38}
For Allah to Recompense them excellently for what they are doing and Increase (for) them from His Grace, and Allah Graces one He so Desires to, without measure [24:38]
The Exalted Houses (Households)
ثم قال علي بن إبراهيم: حدثنا محمد بن همام، قال: حدثنا جعفر بن محمد بن مالك، قال: حدثنا القاسم بن الربيع، عن محمد بن سنان، عن عمار بن مروان، عن منخل، عن جابر، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، في قوله: فِي بُيُوتٍ أَذِنَ اللَّهُ أَنْ تُرْفَعَ وَ يُذْكَرَ فِيهَا اسْمُهُ، قال: «هي بيوت الأنبياء، و بيت علي (عليه السلام) منها
Then Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘It was narrated to us by Muhammad Bin Hamam, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Malik, from Al Qasim Al Rabie, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Ammar Bin Marwan, from Mankhal, from Jabir,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws regarding His-azwj Words: in houses which Allah has Allowed to be Exalted and His Name is being Mentioned in these [24:36]. He-asws said: ‘These are houses of the Prophets-as, and house of Ali-asws is from these’.[1]
محمد بن العباس، قال: حدثنا المنذر بن محمد القابوسي، قال: حدثنا أبي، عن عمه، عن أبيه، عن أبان بن تغلب، عن نفيع بن الحارث، عن أنس بن مالك، و عن بريدة، قالا: قرأ رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): فِي بُيُوتٍ أَذِنَ اللَّهُ أَنْ تُرْفَعَ وَ يُذْكَرَ فِيهَا اسْمُهُ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ فِيها بِالْغُدُوِّ وَ الْآصالِ فقام إليه رجل، فقال: أي بيوت هذه، يا رسول الله؟ قال: «بيوت الأنبياء
Muhammad Bin Al Abbas said, ‘Muhammad Bin Al Abbas, from Al Munzar Bin Muhammad Al Qabousi, from his father, from his uncle, from his father, from Aban Bin Taghlub, from Nafi’e Bin Al Haris, from Anas Bin Malik and from Bureyda who both said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww recited: (The Light is) in houses which Allah has Allowed to be Exalted and His Name is being Mentioned in these; Glorifying Him therein in the mornings and the evenings [24:36], so a man stood up to him-saww and said, ‘Which houses are these, O Rasool-Allah-saww?’ He-saww said: ‘Houses of the Prophets-as’.
فقام إليه أبو بكر، فقال: يا رسول الله، هذا البيت منها؟ و أشار إلى بيت علي و فاطمة (عليهما السلام): قال: «نعم، من أفضلها
Abu Bakr stood up to him-saww and said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww, is this house from these?’ – and he-saww gestured towards the house of Ali-asws and Fatima-asws. He-saww said: ‘Yes, superior to those’.[2]
وعنه: عن محمد بن همام، عن محمد بن إسماعيل، عن عيسى بن داود، قال: حدثنا الإمام موسى بن جعفر، عن أبيه (عليهما السلام)، في قول الله عز و جل: فِي بُيُوتٍ أَذِنَ اللَّهُ أَنْ تُرْفَعَ وَ يُذْكَرَ فِيهَا اسْمُهُ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ فِيها بِالْغُدُوِّ وَ الْآصالِ، قال: «بيوت آل محمد، بيت علي و فاطمة و الحسن و الحسين و حمزة و جعفر (صلوات الله عليهم أجمعين)
And from him, from Muhammad Bin Hamam, from Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Isa Bin Dawood who said,
‘The Imam Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws narrated to us, from his-asws father-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: (The Light is) in houses which Allah has Allowed to be Exalted and His Name is being Mentioned in these; Glorifying Him therein in the mornings and the evenings [24:36]. He-asws said: ‘Houses of the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww – house of Ali-asws, and (Syeda) Fatima-asws, and Al-Hassan-asws, and Al-Husayn-asws, and Hamza-asws, and Ja’far-asws’.
قلت (بالغدو والآصال) قال: الصلاة في أوقاتها
I said, ‘(What about): in the mornings and the evenings [24:36]’. He-asws said: ‘The Salat during its timings’.
[ قال ]: ثم وصفهم الله عزوجل وقال * (رجال لا تلهيهم تجارة ولابيع عن ذكر الله وإقام الصلوة وإيتاء الزكوة يخافون يوما تتقلب فيه القلوب والابصار) *. قال: هم الرجال لم يخلط الله معهم غيرهم
He-asws said: ‘The Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Described them-asws: Men whom neither trading nor selling diverts them from the Zikr of Allah and establishing the Salat and giving the Zakat. They are fearing a Day in which the hearts and the sights would be overturned [24:37]. They-asws are men who do not mingle others while (remembering) Allah-azwj’.
ثم قال * (ليجزيهم الله أحسن ما عملوا ويزيدهم من فضله) * قال: ما اختصهم به من المودة والطاعة المفروضة وصير مأواهم الجنة (والله يرزق من يشاء بغير حساب)
Then He-azwj Said: For Allah to Recompense them excellently for what they are doing and Increase (for) them from His Grace [24:38]. What Allah-azwj Particularised them-asws with, from the cordiality, and the Obligatory obedience, and Rendered their-asws abode to be the Paradise, and Allah Graces one He so Desires to, without measure [24:38]’’.[3]
وعنه، قال: حدثنا محمد بن الحسن بن علي، عن أبيه، قال: حدثنا أبي، عن محمد بن عبد الحميد، عن محمد بن الفضيل، قال: سألت أبا الحسن (عليه السلام) عن قول الله عز و جل: فِي بُيُوتٍ أَذِنَ اللَّهُ أَنْ تُرْفَعَ وَ يُذْكَرَ فِيهَا اسْمُهُ، قال: «بيوت محمد رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، ثم بيوت علي (عليه السلام) منها
And from him (Sharaf Al Deel Al Najafi), said, ‘It was narrated to us by Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Ali, from his father, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Hameed, from Muhammad Bin Al Fazeyl who said,
‘I asked Abu Al-Hassan-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: (The Light is) in houses which Allah has Allowed to be Exalted and His Name is being Mentioned in these [24:36]. He-asws said: ‘Houses of Muhammad-saww, Rasool-saww of Allah-azwj, then houses of Ali-asws are from these’’.[4]
الشيخ البرسي، قال: روي عن ابن عباس، أنه قال: كنت في مسجد رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، و قد قرأ القارئ: فِي بُيُوتٍ أَذِنَ اللَّهُ أَنْ تُرْفَعَ وَ يُذْكَرَ فِيهَا اسْمُهُ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ فِيها بِالْغُدُوِّ وَ الْآصالِ، فقلت: يا رسول الله، ما البيوت؟ فقال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): «بيوت الأنبياء (عليهم السلام) و أومأ بيده إلى بيت فاطمة الزهراء (صلوات الله عليها) ابنته
Al Sheykh Al Barsy said, ‘It is reported from Ibn Abbas having said,
‘I was in the Masjid of Rasool-Allah-saww, and the reciter had recited: (The Light is) in houses which Allah has Allowed to be Exalted and His Name is being Mentioned in these; Glorifying Him therein in the mornings and the evenings [24:36]. So I said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! What houses (are these)?’ Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Houses of the Prophets-as’, and he-saww gestured towards the house of (Syeda) Fatima Al-Zahra-asws, his-saww daughter-asws’’.[5]
[ ابن شهرآشوب ] أبو حمزة الثمالي في خبر: لما كانت السنة التي حج فيها أبو جعفر محمد بن علي ولقيه هشام بن عبد الملك أقبل الناس ينثالون عليه، فقال عكرمة: من هذا عليه سيماء زهرة العلم ؟ لاجربنه
Ibn Shehr Ashub – Abu Hamza Al Sumaly in a News (Hadeeth) –
‘When it was the year in which Abu Ja’far Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws went on Hajj and Hisham Bin Abdul Malikk met him and the people spread out to him-asws, so Akrama said, ‘Who is this to whom is a visage (appearance) of the blossom of the knowledge? I shall test him-asws!’
فلما مثل بين يديه ارتعدت فرائصه واسقط في يد أبي جعفر وقال: يابن رسول الله لقد جلست مجالس كثيرة بين يدي ابن عباس وغيره، فما أدركني ما أدركني آنفا ! فقال له أبو جعفر (عليه السلام): ويلك يا عبيد أهل الشام إنك بين يدي * (بيوت أذن الله أن ترفع ويذكر فيها اسمه)
So when he was like in front of him-asws, he dropped and fell down in the hands of Abu Ja’far-asws and said, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! I have sat in many a gathering in front of Ibn Abbas and others, but I did not see what I am seeing now!’ So Abu Ja’far-asws said to him: ‘Woe be unto you, O slave of the people of Syria! You are in front of (a Household) which Allah has Allowed to be Exalted and His Name is being Mentioned in these [24:36]’.[6]
[ الكليني ] عدة من أصحابنا، عن أحمد بن محمد بن خالد، عن محمد بن علي، عن محمد بن الفضيل، عن أبي حمزة الثمالي قال: كنت جالسا في مسجد الرسول (صلى الله عليه وآله) إذا أقبل رجل فسلم فقال: من أنت يا عبد الله ؟ قلت: رجل من أهل الكوفة، فقلت: ما حاجتك ؟ فقال لي: أتعرف أبا جعفر محمد بن علي (عليه السلام) ؟ فقلت: نعم فما حاجتك إليه ؟ قال: هيهات له أربعين مسألة أسأله عنها فما كان من حق أخذته وما كان من باطل تركته
Al Kulayni – A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Muhammad Bin Ali, from Muhammad Bin Al Fazeyl, from Abu Hamza Al Sumaly who said,
‘I was seated in the Masjid of the Rasool-saww when a man came over. He greeted, and said, ‘Who are you O servant of Allah-azwj?’ I said, ‘I am a man from the people of Al-Kufa. What is your need?’ So he said to me, ‘Do you know Abu Ja’far Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws?’ I said, ‘Yes, so what is your need to him-asws?’ He said, ‘I have forty questions which I would like to ask him-asws, so whatever is from the Truth I shall take it, and whatever was from falsities I shall leave it’.
قال أبو حمزة: فقلت له: هل تعرف ما بين الحق والباطل ؟ قال: نعم، فقلت له: فما حاجتك إليه إذا كنت تعرف ما بين الحق والباطل ؟ فقال لي: يا أهل الكوفة أنتم قوم ما تطاقون إذا رأيت أبا جعفر (عليه السلام) فأخبرني، فما انقطع كلامي معه حتى أقبل أبو جعفر (عليه السلام) وحوله أهل خراسان وغيرهم يسألونه عن مناسك الحج فمضى حتى جلس مجلسه وجلس الرجل قريبا منه
Abu Hamza said, ‘I said to him, ‘Do you recognise between the truth and the falsehood?’ He said, ‘Yes’. I said to him, ‘So what is your need for him-asws then if you recognise between the truth and the falsehood?’ He said to me, ‘O person of Al-Kufa! You people are unbearable. If you see Abu Ja’far-asws, so inform me’. But I did not cut off my speech with him until I face Abu Ja’far-asws and around him-asws were the people of Khurasan and others, asking him-asws about the rituals of the Hajj. So I went until I sat in his-asws gathering, and the man sat near to him-asws’.
قال أبو حمزة: فجلست حيث أسمع الكلام وحوله عالم من الناس فلما قضى حوائجهم وانصرفوا التفت إلى الرجل فقال له: من أنت ؟ قال: أنا قتادة بن دعامة البصري فقال له أبو جعفر (عليه السلام): أنت فقيه أهل البصرة ؟ قال: نعم
Abu Hamza said, ‘I sat where I could hear the speech, and around him-asws were scholars from the people. So when their needs were fulfilled and they dispersed, he-asws turned towards the man and said to him: ‘Who are you?’ He said, ‘I am Qatada Bin Da’amat Al-Basry’. Abu Ja’far-asws said to him: ‘You are a jurist of the people of Al-Basra?’ He said, ‘Yes’.
فقال له أبو جعفر (عليه السلام): ويحك يا قتادة إن الله جل وعز خلق خلقا من خلقه فجعلهم حججا على خلقه فهم أوتاد في أرضه، قوام بأمره، نجباء في علمه، اصطفاهم قبل خلقه أظلة عن يمين عرشه
Abu Ja’far-asws said to him: ‘Woe be unto you, O Qatada! Allah-azwj Created people from His-azwj creatures, so He-azwj Made them-asws as Proofs upon His-azwj (other) creatures. Therefore, they-asws are the pegs in His-azwj earth, standing fairly by His-azwj Commands, being excellent in His-azwj Knowledge. He-azwj Chose them before He-azwj Created them as shadows staying on the right of His-azwj Throne’.
قال: فسكت قتادة طويلا ثم قال: أصلحك الله، والله لقد جلست بين يدي الفقهاء وقدام ابن عباس فما اضطرب قلبي قدام واحد منهم ما اضطرب قدامك
He (Abu Hamza) said, ‘Qatada was silent for a long time, then said, ‘May Allah-azwj Keep you-asws well! By Allah-azwj! I have sat in front of the jurists, and in front of Ibn Abbas, but my heart was not stirred in front of any one of them like it has trembled in front of you-asws’.
قال له أبو جعفر (عليه السلام): ويحك أتدري أين أنت ؟ أنت بين يدي * (بيوت أذن الله أن ترفع ويذكر فيها اسمه يسبح له فيها بالغدو والاصال رجال لا تلهيهم تجرة ولا بيع عن ذكر الله وإقام الصلوة وإيتآء الزكوة) * فأنت ثم ونحن أولئك، فقال له قتادة: صدقت والله جعلني الله فداك، والله ما هي بيوت حجارة ولا طين
Abu Ja’far-asws said to him: ‘Woe be unto you! Do you know where you are? You are in front of houses which Allah has Allowed to be Exalted and His Name is being Mentioned in these; Glorifying Him therein in the mornings and the evenings [24:36] Men whom neither trading nor selling diverts them from the Zikr of Allah and establishing the Salat and giving the Zakat [24:37]. So you then, and we are they-asws’. Qatada said to him-asws, ‘You-asws have spoken the truth. By Allah-azwj! May Allah-azwj Make me to be sacrificed for you-asws! By Allah-azwj! These are neither houses of stones not clay’.[7]
Diversion from the Salat
محمد بن العباس قال: حدثنا عبد العزيز بن يحيى، عن المغيرة بن محمد، عن عبد الغفار بن محمد، عن قيس بن الربيع، عن حصين، عن سالم بن أبي الجعد، عن جابر بن عبد الله، قال: ورد المدينة عير فيها تجارة من الشام، فضرب أهل المدينة بالدفوف، و فرحوا و ضحكوا، و دخلت و النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله) يخطب يوم الجمعة، فخرج الناس من المسجد و تركوا رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) قائما، و لم يبق معه في المسجد إلا اثنا عشر رجلا، علي بن أبي طالب (عليه السلام) منهم
Muhammad Bin Al-Abbas said that it has been narrated from Abdul Aziz Bin Yahya, from Al-Mugheira Bin Muhammad, from Abdul Ghaffar Bin Muhammad, from Qays Bin Al-Rabie, from Husayn, from Saalim Bin Abu Al-Ja’ad,
‘Jabir Bin Abdullahar who said, ‘A trader from Syria passed by Al-Medina. He drew the attention of the people of Al-Medina by beating on his tambourine, rejoicing and laughing, and entered, while the Prophet-saww was preaching on the day of Friday. The people exited from the Masjid and left the Rasool-Allah-saww standing, and there did not remain with him-saww in the Masjid except for twelve men, Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws being among them.’[8]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَسْبَاطِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ قَالَ دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَسَأَلَنَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ مَا فَعَلَ فَقُلْتُ صَالِحٌ وَ لَكِنَّهُ قَدْ تَرَكَ التِّجَارَةَ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَمَلُ الشَّيْطَانِ ثَلَاثاً أَ مَا عَلِمَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) اشْتَرَى عِيراً أَتَتْ مِنَ الشَّامِ فَاسْتَفْضَلَ فِيهَا مَا قَضَى دَيْنَهُ وَ قَسَمَ فِي قَرَابَتِهِ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Asbaat Bin Salim who said,
‘I went over to Abu Abdullah-asws, so he-asws asked about Umar Bin Muslim, what he does. I said, ‘He is a righteous man but, he neglects the business. Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘The work of Satanla’, (saying it) three times. ‘Does he not know that Rasool-Allah-azwj bought a caravan of camels which came from Syria, and he-saww saved in it what paid off his-saww debts, and distributed among his-saww relatives?
يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ رِجالٌ لا تُلْهِيهِمْ تِجارَةٌ وَ لا بَيْعٌ عَنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ يَقُولُ الْقُصَّاصُ إِنَّ الْقَوْمَ لَمْ يَكُونُوا يَتَّجِرُونَ كَذَبُوا وَ لَكِنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَكُونُوا يَدَعُونَ الصَّلَاةَ فِي مِيقَاتِهَا وَ هُوَ أَفْضَلُ مِمَّنْ حَضَرَ الصَّلَاةَ وَ لَمْ يَتَّجِرْ
Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: Men whom neither trading nor selling diverts them from the Zikr of Allah [24:37] – up to the end of the Verse. The story-tellers are saying these are the people who did not become merchants. They are lying. But, they did not becoming fulfillers of the Salat during its (prescribed) timings, and he who does engage in trade (work) is superior than the one who attends the Salat and does not trade.[9]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ بَشَّارٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ رَفَعَهُ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ رِجالٌ لا تُلْهِيهِمْ تِجارَةٌ وَ لا بَيْعٌ عَنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ قَالَ هُمُ التُّجَّارُ الَّذِينَ لَا تُلْهِيهِمْ تِجَارَةٌ وَ لَا بَيْعٌ عَنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِذَا دَخَلَ مَوَاقِيتُ الصَّلَاةِ أَدَّوْا إِلَى اللَّهِ حَقَّهُ فِيهَا
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Al Husayn Bin Bashar, from a man, raising it,
‘Regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Men whom neither trading nor selling diverts them from the Zikr of Allah [24:37], he-asws said: ‘They are the merchants whom neither the business nor the selling diverts them from the Zikr of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, whenever the timings of the Salat come up, they deliver to Allah-azwj, His-azwj Rights with regards to it’.[10]
VERSE 39
وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَعْمَالُهُمْ كَسَرَابٍ بِقِيعَةٍ يَحْسَبُهُ الظَّمْآنُ مَاءً حَتَّىٰ إِذَا جَاءَهُ لَمْ يَجِدْهُ شَيْئًا وَوَجَدَ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ فَوَفَّاهُ حِسَابَهُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ {39}
And those who commit Kufr, their deeds are like a distant mirage. The thirsty one reckons it to be water, until when he comes to it, he does not find anything, and he would find Allah, in Whose Presence He will Fulfil his Recompense, and Allah is Swift in Reckoning [24:39]
عن عمرو بن شمر، عن جابر بن يزيد، قال: سألت أبا جعفر عليه السلام عن هذه الآية، فقال * (والذين كفروا – بني امية – أعمالهم كسراب بقيعة يحسبه الظمآن ماء – والظمآن نعثل، فينطلق بهم، فيقول: أوردكم الماء حتى إذا جاءه لم يجده شيئا ووجد الله عنده فوفيه حسابه والله سريع الحساب)
From Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir Bin Yazeed who said,
‘I asked Abu Ja’far-asws about this Verse, so he-asws said: And those who commit Kufr [24:39] – the clan of Umayya, their deeds are like a distant mirage. The thirsty one reckons it to be water – and the thirsty one is No’sal (Umar). So he would be going with them and would be saying, ‘I shall take you to the water’, until when he comes to it, he would not find anything, and he would find Allah, in Whose Presence He will Fulfil his Recompense, and Allah is Swift in Reckoning [24:39]’’.[11]
ابن شهر آشوب: كتب ملك الروم إلى معاوية يسأله عن خصال، فكان فيما سأله: أخبرني عن لا شيء. فتحير، فقال عمرو بن العاص: وجه فرسا فارها إلى معسكر علي ليباع، فإذا قيل للذي هو معه: بكم؟ يقول: بلا شيء، فعسى أن تخرج المسألة
Ibn Shehr Ashub –
‘The king of Rome wrote to Muawiya asking him about certain things, and from what he asked him was, ‘Inform me about ‘nothing’. So he was confused and said to Amro Bin Al-Aas, ‘Divert a strong horse to the camp of Ali-asws to be sold. So if those who are with him-asws ask, ‘For how much?’ he should say, ‘For nothing’. Perhaps the (solution) to the problem would come out from it.
فجاء الرجل إلى عسكر علي (عليه السلام)، إذ مر به علي (عليه السلام)، و معه قنبر، فقال: «يا قنبر، ساومه». فقال: بكم الفرس؟ قال: بلا شيء. فقال: «يا قنبر، خذ منه». قال: أعطني لا شيء، فأخرجه إلى الصحراء، و أراه السراب، فقال: «ذاك لا شيء». قال: «اذهب فخبره» قال: و كيف قلت؟ قال: «أما سمعت الله تعالى يقول: يَحْسَبُهُ الظَّمْآنُ ماءً حَتَّى إِذا جاءَهُ لَمْ يَجِدْهُ شَيْئاً؟
The man came to the army of Ali-asws. Ali-asws passed by and with him-asws was Qanbar, so he-asws said: ‘O Qanbar, bargain with him’. So he said, ‘How much is the horse?’ He said, ‘For nothing’. He-asws said: ‘O Qanbar, take it from him’. He said, ‘Give me ‘nothing’. He-asws said: ‘So go out to the desert and show him the mirage’. He said, ‘(Indeed) that is nothing’. He-asws said: ‘Go and inform him (Muawiya)’. He said, ‘And how shall I say it?’ He-asws said: ‘Have you not heard Allah-azwj the Exalted Saying: The thirsty one reckons it to be water, until when he comes to it, he does not find anything [24:39]’.[12]
المفيد في (الاختصاص): عن سماعة، قال: سأل رجل أبا حنيفة عن الشيء، و عن لا شيء، و عن الذي لا يقبل الله غيره، فأخبر عن الشيء، و عجز عن لا شيء، فقال: اذهب بهذه البغلة إلى إمام الرافضة، فبعها منه بلا شيء، و اقبض الثمن
Al Mufeed, in Al Ikhtisas, from Sama’at who said,
‘A man asked Abu Haneefa about the ‘thing’, and about ‘nothing’, and about the one whom Allah-azwj does not Accept someone else. He informed him about the ‘thing’ but was frustrated from ‘nothing’. He said, ‘Go with this mule to the Imam-asws of the Rejecters (الرافضة), and sell it to him-asws for ‘nothing’, and take the value of it’.
فأخذ بعذارها، و أتى بها أبا عبد الله (عليه السلام)، فقال له أبو عبد الله (عليه السلام): «استأمر أبا حنيفة في بيع هذه البغلة» قال: قد أمرني ببيعها. قال: «بكم»؟ قال: بلا شيء. قال له: «ما تقول؟» قال: الحق أقول
He grabbed its reins and came with it to Abu Abdullah-asws. Abu Abdullah-asws said to him: ‘Did Abu Haneefa order you for the sale of this mule?’ He said, ‘He did order me to sell it’. He-asws said: ‘For how much?’ He said, ‘For nothing’. He-asws said to him: ‘What are you saying?’ He said, ‘It is the truth that I speak’.
فقال: «قد اشتريتها منك بلا شيء» قال: و أمر غلامه أن يدخله المربط، قال: فبقي محمد بن الحسن ساعة ينتظر الثمن، فلما أبطأه الثمن، قال: جعلت فداك، الثمن؟ قال: الميعاد إذا كان الغداة
He-asws said: ‘So I-asws have bought it from you for nothing’. And he-asws ordered his-asws servant to enter it into the stable. Muhammad Bin Al-Hassan waited for a while, awaiting the value. When the value was slow in coming, he said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws, (where is) the value?’ He-asws said: ‘I-asws promise it, (to give it to you) in the morning’.
فرجع إلى أبي حنيفة، فأخبره، فسر بذلك و رضيه منه. فلما كان من الغد وافى أبو حنيفة، فقال أبو عبد الله (عليه السلام): «جئت لتقبض الثمن، لا شيء؟» قال: نعم. قال: «و لا شيء ثمنها؟» قال: نعم
He went back to Abu Haneefa and informed him, and explained that to him, and he was happy from it. When it was the morning, Abu Haneefa came up surprisingly. Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘You have come to get the value, ‘nothing’?’ He said, ‘Yes’. He-asws said: ‘And ‘nothing’ is its value?’ He said, ‘Yes’.
فركب أبو عبد الله (عليه السلام) البغلة، و ركب أبو حنيفة بعض الدواب، فتصحرا جميعا، فلما ارتفع النهار، نظر أبو عبد الله (عليه السلام) إلى السراب يجري، قد ارتفع كأنه الماء الجاري، فقال أبو عبد الله: (عليه السلام) «يا أبا حنيفة، ماذا عند الميل، كأنه يجري؟» قال: ذاك الماء، يا ابن رسول الله
Abu Abdullah-asws rode upon the mule, and Abu Haneefa rode upon one of the animals. When they came to the desert, and the day rose, Abu Abdullah-asws looked at the mirage which had emerged, which was like the flowing water. Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘O Abu Haneefa! What is in the mound of sand, as if it is flowing?’ He said, ‘That is the water, O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww’.
فلما وافيا الميل، وجداه أمامهما، فتباعد، فقال أبو عبد الله (عليه السلام): «اقبض ثمن البغلة، قال الله تعالى كَسَرابٍ بِقِيعَةٍ يَحْسَبُهُ الظَّمْآنُ ماءً حَتَّى إِذا جاءَهُ لَمْ يَجِدْهُ شَيْئاً وَ وَجَدَ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ
When they came to the mound of sand which they had found to be in front of them, it became distant. Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Take the value of the mule. Allah-azwj Says: And those who commit Kufr, their deeds are like a distant mirage. The thirsty one reckons it to be water, until when he comes to it, he does not find anything, and he would find Allah’.
قال: فخرج أبو حنيفة إلى أصحابه كئيبا حزينا، فقالوا له: مالك، يا أبا حنيفة؟ قال: ذهبت البغلة هدرا، و كان قد اعطي بالبغلة عشرة آلاف درهم
He (the narrator) said, ‘So Abu Haneefa went out to his companion, gloomy and sad. He said to him, ‘What is the matter with you, O Abu Haneefa?’ He said, ‘My mule has gone to waste, and the mule would have fetched me ten thousand Dirhams’.[13]
VERSE 40
أَوْ كَظُلُمَاتٍ فِي بَحْرٍ لُجِّيٍّ يَغْشَاهُ مَوْجٌ مِنْ فَوْقِهِ مَوْجٌ مِنْ فَوْقِهِ سَحَابٌ ۚ ظُلُمَاتٌ بَعْضُهَا فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ إِذَا أَخْرَجَ يَدَهُ لَمْ يَكَدْ يَرَاهَا ۗ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَجْعَلِ اللَّهُ لَهُ نُورًا فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ نُورٍ {40}
Or like the darkness in the fathomless ocean, a wave covers it from above a wave, (and) from above it is a cloud; darkness on top of each other. When he holds out his hand, he almost cannot see it. And one for whom Allah does not Make light to be for him, then there would be no light for him [24:40]
محمد بن يعقوب: عن علي بن محمد، و محمد بن الحسن، عن سهل بن زياد، عن محمد بن الحسن بن شمون، عن عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن الأصم، عن عبد الله بن القاسم، عن صالح بن سهل الهمداني، قال: قال أبو عبد الله (عليه السلام)- في حديث- قلت: أَوْ كَظُلُماتٍ؟ قال: «الأول و صاحبه يَغْشاهُ مَوْجٌ الثالث، مِنْ فَوْقِهِ مَوْجٌ مِنْ فَوْقِهِ سَحابٌ ظُلُماتٌ بَعْضُها فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ معاوية (لعنه الله)، و فتن بني امية
Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from Ali Bin Muhammad, and Muhammad Bin Al Hassan, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Shamoun, from Abdullah Bin Abdul Rahman Al A’sim, from Abdullah Bin Al Qasim, from Salih Bin Sahl Al Hamdany who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said – in a Hadeeth – I said, ‘(What about): Or like the darkness [24:40]?’ He-asws said: ‘The first one (Abu Bakr) and his companion (Umar), a wave covers it – the third one (Usmaan), from above a wave, (and) from above it is a cloud, the second one (Umar), darkness on top of each other, Muawiya (Curse of Allah-azwj be upon him) and the Fitna of the clan of Umayya.
إِذا أَخْرَجَ يَدَهُ المؤمن في ظلمة فتنهم لَمْ يَكَدْ يَراها وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَجْعَلِ اللَّهُ لَهُ نُوراً إماما من ولد فاطمة (عليها السلام) فَما لَهُ مِنْ نُورٍ إمام يوم القيامة
When he – the Momin, holds out his hand – in the darkness of their Fitna, he almost cannot see it; And one for whom Allah does not Make light to be for him – of the Imams-asws from the sons-asws of Fatima-asws then there would be no light for him [24:40] of an Imam-asws, on the Day of Judgement’.[14]
علي بن إبراهيم، قال: حدثنا محمد بن همام، عن جعفر بن محمد بن مالك، عن محمد بن الحسين الصائغ، عن الحسن بن علي، عن صالح بن سهل، قال: سمعت أبا عبد الله (عليه السلام) يقول، في قول الله: أَوْ كَظُلُماتٍ فلان و فلان فِي بَحْرٍ لُجِّيٍّ يَغْشاهُ مَوْجٌ يعني نعثل، مِنْ فَوْقِهِ مَوْجٌ طلحة و الزبير ظُلُماتٌ بَعْضُها فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ معاوية و يزيد و فتن بني امية
Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘Muhammad Bin Hamam narrated to us, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Malik, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn Al Sa’ig, from Al Hassan Bin Ali, from Salih Bin Sahl who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying regarding the Words of Allah-azwj: Or like the darkness [24:40] – so and so and so and so (Abu Bakr and Umar), in the fathomless ocean, a wave covers it – meaning Na’sal (Umar), from above a wave – Talha and Al Zubeyr, darkness on top of each other – Muawiya and Yazeed and the strife of the clan of Umayya.
إِذا أَخْرَجَ يَدَهُ المؤمن في ظلمة فتنهم لَمْ يَكَدْ يَراها وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَجْعَلِ اللَّهُ لَهُ نُوراً يعني إماما من ولد فاطمة (عليها السلام) فَما لَهُ مِنْ نُورٍ من إمام يوم القيامة يمشي بنوره، كما في قوله: نُورُهُمْ يَسْعى بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَ بِأَيْمانِهِمْ
When he – the Momin, holds out his hand – in the darkness of their Fitna, he almost cannot see it; And one for whom Allah does not Make light to be for him – of the Imams-asws from the sons-asws of (Syeda) Fatima-asws then there would be no light for him [24:40] of an Imam-asws, on the Day of Judgement, to walk by his-asws light, just as it is in His-azwj Words: Their Light shall run in front of them, and by their Eman [66:8]’.
قال- إنما المؤمنون يوم القيامة نورهم يسعى بين أيديهم و بأيمانهم حتى ينزلوا منازلهم في الجنة
But rather, the Momineen (would be such that) their Light would be running in front of them, and by their Eman, until they descended into their houses in the Paradise’’.[15]
وعن محمد بن جمهور، عن حماد بن عيسى، عن حريز، عن الحكم و حمران، قال سألت أبا عبد الله (عليه السلام) عن قول الله عز و جل: أَوْ كَظُلُماتٍ فِي بَحْرٍ لُجِّيٍّ قال: «فلان و فلان» يَغْشاهُ مَوْجٌ مِنْ فَوْقِهِ مَوْجٌ، قال: «أصحاب الجمل، و صفين، و النهروان» مِنْ فَوْقِهِ سَحابٌ ظُلُماتٌ بَعْضُها فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ، قال: «بنو امية»
And from Muhammad Bin Jamhour, from Hamaad Bin Isa, from Hareyz, from Al Hakam and Hamraan who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Or like the darkness in the fathomless ocean [24:40], he-asws said: ‘So and so and so and so (Abu Bakr and Umar)’, a wave covers it from above a wave, he-asws said: ‘The companions of the (battles of the) Camel, and Siffeen, and Al-Naharwaan’. (For) (and) from above it is a cloud; darkness on top of each other, he-asws said: ‘The clan of Umayya.
إِذا أَخْرَجَ يَدَهُ يعني أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) في ظلماتهم لَمْ يَكَدْ يَراها أي إذا نطق بالحكمة بينهم، لم يقبلها منهم أحد إلا من أقر بولايته، ثم بإمامته، وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَجْعَلِ اللَّهُ لَهُ نُوراً أي من لم يجعل الله له إماما في الدنيا فَما لَهُ في الآخرة مِنْ نُورٍ إمام يرشده، و يتبعه إلى الجنة
When he – Amir Al-Momineen-asws, holds out his hand, he almost cannot see it, i.e., when he-asws speaks with the wisdom between them, not one of them accepts it, except for the one who accepts his-asws Wilayah, then his-asws Imamate. And one for whom Allah does not Make light to be for him, then there would be no light for him [24:40], i.e., the one for whom Allah-azwj does not Make an Imam-asws in the world, so there would not be in the Hereafter any Light from the Imam-asws for his Guidance that he can follow it to the Paradise’.[16]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنِ السَّيَّارِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بَكْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ عَنِ الْأَصْبَغِ بْنِ نُبَاتَةَ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( صلوات الله عليه ) أَنَّهُ قَالَ وَ الَّذِي بَعَثَ مُحَمَّداً ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) بِالْحَقِّ وَ أَكْرَمَ أَهْلَ بَيْتِهِ مَا مِنْ شَيْءٍ تَطْلُبُونَهُ مِنْ حِرْزٍ مِنْ حَرَقٍ أَوْ غَرَقٍ أَوْ سَرَقٍ أَوْ إِفْلَاتِ دَابَّةٍ مِنْ صَاحِبِهَا أَوْ ضَالَّةٍ أَوْ آبِقٍ إِلَّا وَ هُوَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ فَمَنْ أَرَادَ ذَلِكَ فَلْيَسْأَلْنِي عَنْهُ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Abdullah Bin Ja’far, from Al Sayyari, from Muhammad Bin Bakr, from Abu Al Jaroud, from Al Asbagh Bin Nubata,
(It has been narrated) from Amir Al-Momineen-asws having said: ‘By the One-azwj Who Sent Muhammad-saww with the Truth, and Honoured the People-asws of his-saww Household, there is nothing you would be seeking from a protective charm (amulet), from burning, or drowning, or theft, or fleeing of an animal from its owner, or straying, or an absconding one (slave), except that it is in the Quran. Therefore, the one who wants that, so let him ask me-asws about it’. . . .
ثُمَّ قَامَ إِلَيْهِ آخَرُ فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْآبِقِ فَقَالَ اقْرَأْ أَوْ كَظُلُماتٍ فِي بَحْرٍ لُجِّيٍّ يَغْشاهُ مَوْجٌ مِنْ فَوْقِهِ مَوْجٌ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَجْعَلِ اللَّهُ لَهُ نُوراً فَما لَهُ مِنْ نُورٍ فَقَالَهَا الرَّجُلُ فَرَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ الْآبِقُ
Then another one stood up to him-asws and he said, ‘O Amir Al-Momineen-asws! Inform me about the absconding one (slave)’. So he-asws said: ‘Recite: Or like the darkness in the fathomless ocean [24:40] – up to His-azwj Words: And one for whom Allah does not Make light to be for him, then there would be no light for him [24:40]. So the man said these, and his absconding (slave) returned to him’.[17]
VERSE 41
أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَالطَّيْرُ صَافَّاتٍ ۖ كُلٌّ قَدْ عَلِمَ صَلَاتَهُ وَتَسْبِيحَهُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِمَا يَفْعَلُونَ {41}
Do you not see that Allah, there Glorify to Him the ones in the skies and the earth, and the birds in rows? Each has known its Salat and its Glorification, and Allah is All-Knowing with what they are doing [24:41]
ابن بابويه، قال: حدثنا محمد بن الحسن بن أحمد بن الوليد (رحمه الله) قال: حدثنا محمد بن يحيى العطار، عن الحسين بن الحسن بن أبان، عن محمد بن أورمة، عن أحمد بن الحسن الميثمي، عن أبي الحسن الشعيري، عن سعد بن طريف، عن الأصبغ بن نباتة، قال: جاء ابن الكواء إلى أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)، فقال: يا أمير المؤمنين، و الله إن في كتاب الله عز و جل لآية قد أفسدت علي قلبي، و شككتني في ديني؟ فقال له أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام): «ثكلتك أمك و عدمتك، و ما تلك الآية؟» قال: قول الله عز و جل: وَ الطَّيْرُ صَافَّاتٍ كُلٌّ قَدْ عَلِمَ صَلاتَهُ وَ تَسْبِيحَهُ
Ibn Babuwayh, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Ahmad Bin Al Waleed, from Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Ataar, from Al Husayn Bin Al Hassan Bin Abaan, from Muhammad Bin Owramat, from Ahmad Bin Al Hassan Al Maysami, from Abu Al Hassan Al Shaiyri, from Sa’ad Bin Tareyf, from Al Asbagh Bin Nabata who said,
‘Ibn Al-Kawa came to Amir Al-Momineen-asws and said, ‘O Amir Al-Momineen-asws! By Allah-azwj! There is a Verse in the Book of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic which has corrupted my heart and put me in doubt with regards to my Religion’. So Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘May your mother be bereft of you! And what is that Verse?’ He said, ‘The Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: and the birds in rows? Each has known its Salat and its Glorification [24:41]’.
فقال له أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام): «يا ابن الكواء، إن الله تبارك و تعالى خلق الملائكة في صور شتى، إلا أن لله تبارك و تعالى ملكا في صورة ديك أبح أشهب، براثنه في الأرض السابعة السفلى، و عرفه مثني، تحت العرش، له جناحان: جناح في المشرق، و جناح في المغرب، واحد من نار، و الآخر من ثلج
Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘O Ibn Al-Kawa! Surely, Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Created the Angels in various images, except that Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted has an Angel in the image of a rooster, hoarse and grizzly, whose clutches are in the seventh firmament, the lowest, and is recognised by the two, beneath the Throne. It has two wings for its – A wing in the east, and a wing in the west. One of them is of fire and the other one from snow.
فإذا حضر وقت الصلاة، قام على براثنه، ثم رفع عنقه من تحت العرش، ثم صفق بجناحيه كما تصفق الديوك في منازلكم، فلا الذي من النار يذيب الثلج، و لا الذي من الثلج يطفئ النار، فينادي: أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله، وحده لا شريك له، و أشهد أن محمدا سيد النبيين، و أن وصيه سيد الوصيين، و أن الله سبوح قدوس، رب الملائكة و الروح
When the time of the Salat presents itself, it stands upon its feet, then raises its neck from underneath the Throne, the flaps its wing just like the roosters in your houses flap theirs. Neither does the wing of fire melt the snow, nor does the wing of snow extinguishes the fire. So it calls out: ‘I testify that there is no god except for Allah-azwj, One with no associates for Him-azwj, and I testify that Muhammad-saww is the Chief of the Prophets-as, and his-saww successor-asws is the Chief of the successors-as, and that Allah-azwj is Glorious, Holy, Lord-azwj of the Angels and the Spirit!’
قال- فتخفق الديكة بأجنحتها في منازلكم، فتجيبه عن قوله، و هو قوله عز و جل: وَ الطَّيْرُ صَافَّاتٍ كُلٌّ قَدْ عَلِمَ صَلاتَهُ وَ تَسْبِيحَهُ من الديكة في الأرض
He-asws said: ‘So the roosters in your houses flap their wings, and thus they answer its speech, and these are the Words of the Mighty and Majestic: and the birds in rows? Each has known its Salat and its Glorification [24:41]’.[18]
وعنه: بهذا الإسناد، عن النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله)، قال: «إن لله تبارك و تعالى ملائكة ليس شيء من أطباق أجسادهم إلا و هو يسبح الله عز و جل و يحمده من ناحيته، بأصوات مختلفة، لا يرفعون رؤوسهم إلى السماء، و لا يخفضونها إلى أقدامهم، من البكاء و الخشية لله عز و جل
And from him, by this chain,
From the Prophet-saww having said: ‘Surely, Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted has such Angels that there is no layer of their bodies except that it Glorifies Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and it Praises from around it, in different voices. They are not raising their heads to the sky, nor lowering it to their feet, from the wailing and the fear for the Sake of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic’.[19]
وعنه، قال: حدثنا محمد بن الحسن بن أحمد بن الوليد (رضي الله عنه)، قال: حدثنا أحمد بن إدريس، عن محمد بن أحمد، عن السياري، عن عبد الله بن حماد، عن جميل بن دراج، قال: سألت أبا عبد الله (عليه السلام): هل في السماء بحار؟ قال: «نعم، أخبرني أبي، عن أبيه، عن جده (عليهم السلام)، قال: قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): إن في السماوات السبع بحارا، عمق أحدها مسيرة خمسمائة عام، فيها ملائكة قيام منذ خلقهم الله عز و جل، و الماء إلى ركبهم
And from him, said, ‘It was narrated to us by Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Ahmad Bin al Waleed, from Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Al Sayyari, from Abdullah Bin Hamad, from Jameel Bin Daraj who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘Are there oceans in the sky?’ He-asws said: ‘Yes. My-asws father-asws informed me-asws from his-asws father-asws, from his-asws grandfather-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘In the skies there are seven oceans. The depth of one of these is of a travel distance of five hundred years. Therein are Angels standing since Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Created them, and the water is up to their knees.
ليس فيهم ملك إلا و له ألف و أربعمائة جناح، في كل جناح أربعة وجوه، في كل وجه أربعة ألسن، ليس فيها جناح، و لا وجه، و لا لسان، و لا فم، إلا و هو يسبح الله عز و جل بتسبيح لا يشبه نوع منه صاحبه
There isn’t an Angel among them except and for it there are one thousand the four hundred wings, in each wing are four faces, in each face there are four tongues. There isn’t a wing, nor a face, nor a tongue, nor a mouth except and it is Glorifying Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic with a Glorification, a type of which does not resembling (that done by) its counterpart’.[20]
VERSES 42 & 43
وَلِلَّهِ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ وَإِلَى اللَّهِ الْمَصِيرُ {42}
And for Allah is the Kingdom of the skies and the earth, and to Allah is the destination [24:42]
أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُزْجِي سَحَابًا ثُمَّ يُؤَلِّفُ بَيْنَهُ ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُهُ رُكَامًا فَتَرَى الْوَدْقَ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ خِلَالِهِ وَيُنَزِّلُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مِنْ جِبَالٍ فِيهَا مِنْ بَرَدٍ فَيُصِيبُ بِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَصْرِفُهُ عَنْ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۖ يَكَادُ سَنَا بَرْقِهِ يَذْهَبُ بِالْأَبْصَارِ {43}
Do you not see that Allah Drives the clouds? Then He Composes between it, then Makes it piled up, so you see the rain coming out from its midst and descends from the sky on a mountain wherein is hail. So He Hits the ones He so Desires to and Turns it away from the ones He so Desires to. The flash of its lightning almost takes away the sight [24:43]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ (عليه السلام) قَالَ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ (عليه السلام) يَقُومُ فِي الْمَطَرِ أَوَّلَ مَا يَمْطُرُ حَتَّى يَبْتَلَّ رَأْسُهُ وَ لِحْيَتُهُ وَ ثِيَابُهُ فَقِيلَ لَهُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْكِنَّ الْكِنَّ فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا مَاءٌ قَرِيبُ عَهْدٍ بِالْعَرْشِ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Haroun Bin Muslim, from Mas’ada Bin Sadaqa, who has said:
Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Ali-asws used to stand in the first downpour when it rained, to the extent that his-asws head, and his-asws beard, and his-asws clothes would get wet. So it was said to him-asws, ‘O Amir Al-Momineen-asws! Take shelter, take shelter!’ He-asws would say that: ‘This is water from near the Throne’.
ثُمَّ أَنْشَأَ يُحَدِّثُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ تَحْتَ الْعَرْشِ بَحْراً فِيهِ مَاءٌ يُنْبِتُ أَرْزَاقَ الْحَيَوَانَاتِ فَإِذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ ذِكْرُهُ أَنْ يُنْبِتَ بِهِ مَا يَشَاءُ لَهُمْ رَحْمَةً مِنْهُ لَهُمْ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ فَمَطَرَ مَا شَاءَ مِنْ سَمَاءٍ إِلَى سَمَاءٍ حَتَّى يَصِيرَ إِلَى سَمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا فِيمَا أَظُنُّ فَيُلْقِيَهُ إِلَى السَّحَابِ وَ السَّحَابُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْغِرْبَالِ ثُمَّ يُوحِي اللَّهُ إِلَى الرِّيحِ أَنِ اطْحَنِيهِ وَ أَذِيبِيهِ ذَوَبَانَ الْمَاءِ ثُمَّ انْطَلِقِي بِهِ إِلَى مَوْضِعِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا فَامْطُرِي عَلَيْهِمْ فَيَكُونَ كَذَا وَ كَذَا عُبَاباً وَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ
Then he-asws went on to narrate: ‘Underneath the Throne there is an ocean in which there is water which makes the sustenance of the animals to grow. So if Allah-azwj Intends that He-azwj should Make to grow whatever that He-azwj so Desires to for them as a Mercy for them, Allah-azwj Reveals to it. Then it rains from sky to sky until it comes to the sky of the world to the clouds. And the clouds are at the status of the sieve. Then Allah-azwj Reveals to the wind to grind it and melt it, dissolving the water. Then it takes it to such and such a place and pours upon it. So that becomes such and such a torrent and other than that.
فَتَقْطُرُ عَلَيْهِمْ عَلَى النَّحْوِ الَّذِي يَأْمُرُهَا بِهِ فَلَيْسَ مِنْ قَطْرَةٍ تَقْطُرُ إِلَّا وَ مَعَهَا مَلَكٌ حَتَّى يَضَعَهَا مَوْضِعَهَا وَ لَمْ يَنْزِلْ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ قَطْرَةٌ مِنْ مَطَرٍ إِلَّا بِعَدَدٍ مَعْدُودٍ وَ وَزْنٍ مَعْلُومٍ إِلَّا مَا كَانَ مِنْ يَوْمِ الطُّوفَانِ عَلَى عَهْدِ نُوحٍ (عليه السلام) فَإِنَّهُ نَزَلَ مَاءٌ مُنْهَمِرٌ بِلَا وَزْنٍ وَ لَا عَدَدٍ قَالَ
Thus, it rains upon the area which it had been Commanded to. There is no drop from the drops except that there is an Angel with it until he places it in a particular place. There does not descend a drop from the sky except that it is numbered precisely and is of a known weight, except when it was the day of the storm in the era of Noah-as. On that day it poured without measurement or number’.
وَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ (عليه السلام) قَالَ قَالَ لِيَ أَبِي (عليه السلام) قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عليه السلام) قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ (صلى الله عليه وآله) إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ جَعَلَ السَّحَابَ غَرَابِيلَ لِلْمَطَرِ هِيَ تُذِيبُ الْبَرَدَ حَتَّى يَصِيرَ مَاءً لِكَيْ لَا يُضِرَّ بِهِ شَيْئاً يُصِيبُهُ الَّذِي تَرَوْنَ فِيهِ مِنَ الْبَرَدِ وَ الصَّوَاعِقِ نَقِمَةٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يُصِيبُ بِهَا مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ (صلى الله عليه وآله) لَا تُشِيرُوا إِلَى الْمَطَرِ وَ لَا إِلَى الْهِلَالِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَكْرَهُ ذَلِكَ
And Abu Abdullah-asws narrated to me saying: ‘My-asws father said to me-asws, that Amir Al-Momineen-asws said, that the Rasool Allah-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj Made the cloud to be as a sieve for the rain, and the sleet melts until it becomes water, not harming anything by it. The harm is what you see from the sleet and the lightning as a Wrath from Allah-azwj Harming whosoever He-azwj so desires from His-azwj servants’. Then he-asws said: ‘Then the Rasool Allah-saww said: ‘Do not point at (accuse) the rain or the crescent, for Allah-azwj Abhors that’.[21]
في الكافي عن الصادق عن أبيه عن أمير المؤمنين عليهم السلام قال قال رسول اللَّه صلّى اللَّه عليه و آله: انّ اللّه عزّ و جلّ جعل السّحاب غرابيل للمطر هي تذيب البرد ماء لكيلا يضرّ شيئاً يصيبه و الذي ترون فيه من البرد و الصواعق نقمة من اللَّه عزّ و جلّ يصيب بها من يشاء من عباده
In Al-Kafi –
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from Amir Al-Momineen-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Made the clouds as sieves for the rain. It melts the fail water lest is harms anything it hits, and that which you are seeing in it from the hail and the lightning is a Punishment from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic. He-azwj Hits with it ones He-azwj so Desires to, from His-azwj servants’.
و فيه عنه عليه السلام قال: البرد لا يؤكل لأنّ اللّه تعالى يصيب به من يشاء
And in it –
From him-asws having said: ‘The hail should not be eaten because Allah-azwj the Exalted Hits with it one He-azwj so Desires to’.[22]
و في الإهليلجة عنه عليه السلام في حديث يذكر فيه الرياح قال: و بها يتألّف المفترق و بهما يفترق الغمام المطبّق حتّى ينبسط في السّماء كيف يشاء مدبّرة ف يَجْعَلُهُ كِسَفاً فَتَرَى الْوَدْقَ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ خِلالِهِ بقدر مَعلوم لمعاش مفهوم و أرزاق مقسومة و آجال مكتوبة
And in (the book) Al Ihlaylaja –
‘From him-asws in a Hadeeth mentioning in it the wind, he-asws said: ‘And by it He-azwj Composes the separate ones, and by these two He-azwj Separates the clouds as layers until He-azwj Extends in the sky Howsoever He-azwj Desires to in arrangement, so then Makes it piled up, so you see the rain coming out from its midst [24:43], in a Known measure, for a conceptual livelihood, and Apportioned sustenance, and Decreed term’’.[23]
و في الفقيه عن الباقر عليه السلام في حديث يذكر فيه أنواع الرياح قال: و منها رياح تحبس السحاب بين السماء و الأرض و رياح تعصر السّحاب فتمطر بإذن اللّه و رياح تفرّق السحاب
And in (the book) Al Faqeeh –
‘From Al-Baqir-asws, in a Hadeeth mentioning in it the varieties of the winds, he-asws said: ‘And from these are winds which withholds the clouds between the sky and the earth, and winds which squeeze the clouds, so it rains by the Permission of Allah-azwj, and winds which separate the clouds’’.[24]
VERSES 44 & 45
يُقَلِّبُ اللَّهُ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَعِبْرَةً لِأُولِي الْأَبْصَارِ {44}
Allah Alternates the night and the day. There is a lesson in this for the ones with insight [24:44]
وَاللَّهُ خَلَقَ كُلَّ دَابَّةٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ ۖ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَمْشِي عَلَىٰ بَطْنِهِ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَمْشِي عَلَىٰ رِجْلَيْنِ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَمْشِي عَلَىٰ أَرْبَعٍ ۚ يَخْلُقُ اللَّهُ مَا يَشَاءُ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ {45}
And Allah Created every creature from water. So from them is one who walks upon its belly, and from them is one who walks upon two legs, and from them is one who walks upon four. Allah Creates whatever He so Desires to. Surely, Allah is Able upon all things [24:45]
قال علي بن إبراهيم: قوله تعالى: وَ اللَّهُ خَلَقَ كُلَّ دَابَّةٍ مِنْ ماءٍ أي من مياه، فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَمْشِي عَلى بَطْنِهِ وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَمْشِي عَلى رِجْلَيْنِ وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَمْشِي عَلى أَرْبَعٍ يَخْلُقُ اللَّهُ ما يَشاءُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ قال: على رجلين: الناس، و على بطنه: الحيات، و على أربع: البهائم
Ali Bin Ibrahim said,
‘The Words of the Exalted: And Allah Created every creature from water – i.e. from its water. So from them is one who walks upon its belly, and from them is one who walks upon two legs, and from them is one who walks upon four. Allah Creates whatever He so Desires to. Surely Allah is Able upon all things [24:45], he said: ‘Upon two feet – the people, and upon its belly – the snakes, and upon four – the animals’.
وقال أبو عبد الله (عليه السلام): «و منهم من يمشي على أكثر من ذلك
And Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘And from them, are ones who walk upon more than that’.[25]
VERSE 46
لَقَدْ أَنْزَلْنَا آيَاتٍ مُبَيِّنَاتٍ ۚ وَاللَّهُ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ إِلَىٰ صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ {46}
We have Sent down clear Signs, and Allah Guides the ones He so Desires to the Straight Path [24:46]
The Signs of Allah-azwj
قال: و سمعته يقول: «كذبوا بآياتنا كلها، في بطن القرآن، أن كذبوا بالأوصياء كلهم
He (the narrator) said, ‘And I heard him (Abu Ja’far-asws) saying: ‘They belying our-asws signs, all of them, in the esoteric of the Quran, and they were belying the succesors-asws, all of them-asws’’.[26]
و قال علي بن إبراهيم: الآيات: أمير المؤمنين و الائمة (عليهم السلام)، و الدليل على ذلك قول أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام): «ما لله آية أكبر مني
And Ali Bin Ibrahim said,
‘The Signs are Amir Al-Momineen-asws and the Imams-asws, and the evidence upon that are the words of Amir Al-Momineen-asws: ‘There is no ‘Sign’ of Allah-azwj greater than I-asws!’[27]
محمد بن يعقوب: عن محمد بن يحيى، عن أحمد بن محمد، عن محمد بن أبي عمير أو غيره، عن محمد بن الفضيل، عن أبي حمزة، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: كان أمير المؤمنين (صلوات الله عليه) يقول: ما لله عز و جل آية هي أكبر مني، و لا لله من نبأ أعظم مني
Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Abu Umeyr or someone else, from Muhammad Bin Al Fazeyl, from Abu Hamza,
From Abu Ja’far-asws having said, Amir Al-Momineen-asws was saying: ‘There is no ‘Sign’ of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic which is greater than I-asws, nor a News from Allah-azwj greater than I-asws!’[28]
The Straight Path
و عنه، قال: حدثنا أبي (رحمه الله) قال: حدثنا محمد بن أحمد بن علي بن الصلت، عن عبدالله بن الصلت، عن يونس بن عبد الرحمن، عمن ذكره، عن عبيد الله الحلبي، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: «الصراط المستقيم أمير المؤمنين علي (عليه السلام)
And from him, his father, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Ali Bin Al-Salt, from Abdullah Bin Al-Salt, from Yunus Bin Abdul Rahman, from the one who mentioned it, from Ubeydullah Al-Halby,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The Straight Path is Amir Al-Momineen Ali-asws’.[29]
في كتاب كمال الدين وتمام النعمة باسناده إلى خيثمة الجعفي عن أبى جعفر عليه السلام حديث طويل وفيه يقول عليه السلام: ونحن الطريق الواضح والصراط المستقيم إلى الله عزوجل، ونحن من نعمة الله على خلقه
In the book Kamaal-Al-deen Wa Tamaam Al-Ne’ma, by its chain going up to Khaysama Al-Ju’fi
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws in a lengthy Hadeeth and in it he-asws said: ‘And we-asws are the Clear Way and the Straight Path to Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and we-asws are the Favour of Allah-azwj upon His-azwj creation’.[30]
VERSES 47 – 52
وَيَقُولُونَ آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَبِالرَّسُولِ وَأَطَعْنَا ثُمَّ يَتَوَلَّىٰ فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَٰلِكَ ۚ وَمَا أُولَٰئِكَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ {47}
And they are saying, ‘We believe in Allah and in the Rasool and we obey!’ Then a group of them turned back after this, and they are not with the Momineen [24:47]
وَإِذَا دُعُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ إِذَا فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ مُعْرِضُونَ {48}
And when they are called to Allah and His Rasool for him to judge between them, then a group of them are turning aside [24:48]
وَإِنْ يَكُنْ لَهُمُ الْحَقُّ يَأْتُوا إِلَيْهِ مُذْعِنِينَ {49}
And if the right happens to the for them, they come to him submissively [24:49]
أَفِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ أَمِ ارْتَابُوا أَمْ يَخَافُونَ أَنْ يَحِيفَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَرَسُولُهُ ۚ بَلْ أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ {50}
Is there a disease in their hearts, or are they doubting, or are they fearing that Allah and His Rasool would be prejudicial against them? But these, they are the unjust ones [24:50]
إِنَّمَا كَانَ قَوْلَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذَا دُعُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ أَنْ يَقُولُوا سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا ۚ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ {51}
But rather, the word of the Momineen when they are invited to Allah and His Rasool for him to judge between them is they are saying, ‘We hear and we obey!’ And these, they would be the successful ones [24:51]
وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَيَخْشَ اللَّهَ وَيَتَّقْهِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْفَائِزُونَ {52}
And one who obeys Allah and His Rasool and is afraid of Allah and fears Him, so these, they would be the victorious ones [24:52]
محمد بن العباس، قال: حدثنا محمد بن القاسم بن عبيد، عن جعفر بن عبد الله المحمدي، عن أحمد بن إسماعيل، عن العباس بن عبد الرحمن، عن سليمان، عن الكلبي، عن أبي صالح، عن ابن عباس، قال: لما قدم النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله) المدينة، أعطى عليا (عليه السلام) و عثمان أرضا، أعلاها لعثمان، و أسفلها لعلي (عليه السلام)، فقال علي (عليه السلام) لعثمان: إن أرضي لا تصلح إلا بأرضك، فاشتر مني، أو بعني. فقال له: أنا أبيعك، فاشترى منه علي (عليه السلام)
Muhammad Bin Al Abbas said, ‘It was narrated to us by Muhammad Bin Al Qasim Bin Ubeyd, from Ja’far Bin Abdullah Al Muhammady, from Ahmad Bin Ismail, from Al Abbas Bin Abdul Rahman, from Suleyman, from Al Kalby, from Abu Salih, from Ibn Abbas who said,
‘When the Prophet-saww proceeded to Al-Medina, He-saww gave Ali-asws and Usman a land, the higher part of is for Usman and its lower one for Ali-asws. So Ali-asws said to Usman: ‘My-asws land will not be correct unless if it is with your land, therefore either buy from me-asws or sell to me’. He said to him-asws, ‘I shall sell to you-asws’. So Ali-asws bought it from him.
فقال له أصحابه: أي شيء صنعت، بعت أرضك من علي! و أنت لو أمسكت عنه الماء، ما أنبتت أرضه شيئا، حتى يبيعك بحكمك
But his companion (Abdul Rahman Bin Awf) said to him, ‘Which thing did you do? You sold your land to Ali-asws! And you, had you withheld the water from him-asws, nothing would have grown on his-asws land, until he-asws would have sold in according to your decision (price)’.
قال: فجاء عثمان إلى علي (عليه السلام)، و قال له: لا أجيز البيع، فقال له: «بعت و رضيت، و ليس ذلك لك» قال: فاجعل بيني و بينك رجلا، قال علي (عليه السلام): «النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله)» فقال عثمان: هو ابن عمك، و لكن اجعل بيني و بينك رجلا غيره، فقال علي (عليه السلام): «لا أحاكمك إلى غير النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله)، و النبي شاهد علينا!» فأبى ذلك، فأنزل الله هذه الآيات، إلى قوله: هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ
He (the narrator) said, ‘So Usman came to Ali-asws and said to him-asws, ‘The sale is not allowed’. He-asws said to him: ‘You sold and were pleased, and (now) that isn’t for you (to withdraw from it)’’. He said, ‘Then make another man to be (a judge) between you-asws and you-asws’. Ali-asws said: ‘I-asws will not take the judgment to any other than the Prophet-saww, and the Prophet-saww would be a witness upon us!’ But he refused that, so Allah-azwj Revealed these Verses up to His-azwj Words: they would be the successful ones [24:51]’’.[31]
علي بن إبراهيم، قال: حدثني أبي، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن ابن سنان، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: «نزلت هذه الآية في أمير المؤمنين (صلوات الله عليه)، و عثمان، و ذلك أنه كان بينهما منازعة في حديقة، فقال أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام): ترضى برسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)؟ فقال عبد الرحمن بن عوف له: لا تحاكمه إلى رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، فإنه يحكم له عليك، و لكن حاكمه إلى ابن شيبة اليهودي
Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘My father narrated to me, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Ibn Sinan,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws has said: ‘This Verse was Revealed regarding Amir Al-Momineen-asws, and Usman, and that was when there was a dispute between them regarding a garden. Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘Are you happy with Rasool-Allah-saww (as a judge)?’ So Adul Rahman Bin Awf said to him, ‘I do not (accept) Rasool-Allah-saww as a judge for he-saww would judge against me, but I (accept) as a judge Ibn Shayba, the Jew.
فقال عثمان لأمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام): لا أرضى إلا بابن شيبة، فقال ابن شيبة: تأتمنون رسول الله على وحي السماء، و تتهمونه في الأحكام
But Usman said to Amir Al-Momineen-asws: ‘I-asws am not happy with Ibn Shayba. So Ibn Shayba said, ‘You are trusting that Revelation descends upon Rasool-Allah-saww from the sky, but you are not trusting him-saww in matters of judgement?’
فأنزل الله على رسوله: وَ إِذا دُعُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ رَسُولِهِ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ إلى قوله: أُولئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ
Thus Allah-azwj Revealed upon His-azwj Rasool-saww: And when they are called to Allah and His Rasool for him to judge between them [24:48] But these, they are the unjust ones [24:50].
ثم ذكر الله أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)، فقال: إِنَّما كانَ قَوْلَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذا دُعُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ رَسُولِهِ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ إلى قوله: فَأُولئِكَ هُمُ الْفائِزُونَ
Then Allah-azwj Mentioned Amir Al-Momineen-asws so He-azwj Said: But rather, the word of the Momineen when they are invited to Allah and His Rasool for him to judge between them [24:51] – up to His-azwj Words: so these, they would be the victorious ones [24:52]’.[32]
وعنه، قال: حدثنا محمد بن الحسين بن حميد، عن جعفر بن عبد الله المحمدي، عن كثير بن عياش، عن أبي الجارود، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، في قول الله عز و جل: وَ يَقُولُونَ آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَ بِالرَّسُولِ وَ أَطَعْنا ثُمَّ يَتَوَلَّى فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذلِكَ وَ ما أُولئِكَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ إلى قوله تعالى مِنْهُمْ مُعْرِضُونَ
And from him, who said, ‘Muhammad Bin Al Hasssan Bin Hameed narrated to us, from Ja’far Bin Abdullah Al Muhammady, from Kaseer Bin Ayyash, from Abu Al Jaroud,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: And they are saying, ‘We believe in Allah and in the Rasool and we obey!’ Then a group of them turned back after this, and they are not with the Momineen [24:47] – up to the Words of the Exalted: then a group of them are turning aside [24:48].
قال: «إنما نزلت في رجل اشترى من علي بن أبي طالب (عليه السلام) أرضا، ثم ندم، و ندمه أصحابه، فقال لعلي (عليه السلام): لا حاجة لي فيها. فقال له: قد اشتريت و رضيت، فانطلق أخاصمك إلى أبي رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)
He-asws said: ‘But rather, it was revealed regarding a man who bought a land from Ali Bin Abu Talib-asws, then regretted it, and his companion (also) regretted it. So he said to Ali-asws, ‘I have no need with regards to it’. But he-asws said to him: ‘You have bought it and were happy with it, so take your dispute to Rasool-Allah-saww’.
فقال له أصحابه: لا تخاصمه إلى رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله). فقال: انطلق أخاصمك إلى أبي بكر، و عمر، أيهما شئت، كان بيني و بينك. قال علي (عليه السلام): لا و الله، و لكن رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) بيني و بينك، فلا أرضى بغيره
His companion said to him-asws, ‘Do not take his-asws dispute to Rasool-Allah-saww’, and he said, ‘Take your-asws dispute to Abu Bakr, and Umar, whichever of the two you like, to be between me and you-asws’. Ali-asws said: ‘No, by Allah-azwj! But Rasool-Allah-saww would be between me-asws and you. I-asws will not be happy with someone else’.
فأنزل الله عز و جل هذه الآيات: وَ يَقُولُونَ آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَ بِالرَّسُولِ وَ أَطَعْنا إلى قوله وَ أُولئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ
Thus Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed these Verses: they are saying, ‘We hear and we obey!’ And these, they would be the successful ones [24:51] – up to His-azwj Words: so these, they would be the victorious ones [24:52]’.[33]
VERSES 53 & 54
وَأَقْسَمُوا بِاللَّهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمَانِهِمْ لَئِنْ أَمَرْتَهُمْ لَيَخْرُجُنَّ ۖ قُلْ لَا تُقْسِمُوا ۖ طَاعَةٌ مَعْرُوفَةٌ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ {53}
And they swear by Allah with the most energetic of their oaths that if you command them they would certainly go forth. Say: ‘Do not swear! Reasonable obedience (is required). Surely, Allah is Aware of what you are doing [24:53]
قُلْ أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ ۖ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْهِ مَا حُمِّلَ وَعَلَيْكُمْ مَا حُمِّلْتُمْ ۖ وَإِنْ تُطِيعُوهُ تَهْتَدُوا ۚ وَمَا عَلَى الرَّسُولِ إِلَّا الْبَلَاغُ الْمُبِينُ {54}
Say: ‘Obey Allah and obey the Rasool; but if you turn back, so rather upon him is what is Imposed on him and upon you is what is Imposed on you. And if you were to obey him, you would be rightly Guided, and it is not upon the Rasool except for the clear delivery (of the Message)’ [24:54]
محمد بن العباس، قال: حدثنا محمد بن همام، عن محمد بن إسماعيل العلوي، عن عيسى بن داود النجار، عن الإمام أبي الحسن موسى بن جعفر، عن أبيه (عليهما السلام)، في قول الله عز و جل: قُلْ أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَ أَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّما عَلَيْهِ ما حُمِّلَ. قال: «من السمع، و الطاعة، و الأمانة، و الصبر وَ عَلَيْكُمْ ما حُمِّلْتُمْ من العهود التي أخذها الله عليكم في علي (عليه السلام)، و ما بين لكم في القرآن من فرض طاعته
Muhammad Bin Al Abbas, from Muhammad Bin Hamaam, from Muhammad Bin Ismail Al Alawy, from Isa Bin Dawood Al Najaar,
(It has been narrated) from Al-Imam Abu Al-Hassan Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws, from his-asws father-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Say: ‘Obey Allah and obey the Rasool; but if you turn back, so rather upon him is what is Imposed on him [24:54], he-asws said: ‘From the listening, and the obedience, and the entrustment, and the patience, and upon you is what is Imposed on you, from the Covenant which Rasool-Allah-saww had taken against you with regards to Ali-asws and what is between you all in the Quran from the Obligation of obedience.
و قوله تعالى: وَ إِنْ تُطِيعُوهُ تَهْتَدُوا أي: و إن تطيعوا عليا (عليه السلام) تهتدوا وَ ما عَلَى الرَّسُولِ إِلَّا الْبَلاغُ الْمُبِينُ هكذا نزلت
And the Words of the Exalted: And if you were to obey him, you would be rightly Guided [24:54], i.e., if you were to obey Ali-asws you would be guided, and it is not upon the Rasool except for the clear delivery (of the Message)’ [24:54] – this is how it was Revealed’.[34]
ابن بابويه، قال: حدثنا محمد بن الحسن، قال: حدثنا محمد بن يحيى العطار، عن محمد بن الحسين بن أبي الخطاب، عن صفوان بن يحيى، عن مندل، عن بكار بن أبي بكر، عن عبد الله بن عجلان، قال: ذكرنا خروج القائم (عليه السلام) عند أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، فقلت له: كيف لنا أن نعلم ذلك؟ فقال: «يصبح أحدكم و تحت رأسه صحيفة عليها مكتوب: طاعة معروفة
Ibn Babuwayh said, ‘Muhammad Bin Al Hassan narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Ataar, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn Bin Abu Al Khatab, from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Mandal, from Bakaar Bin Abu Bakr, from Abdullah Bin Ajlan who said,
‘We mentioned the rising of Al-Qaim-asws in the presence of Abu Abdullah-asws, so I said to him-asws, ‘How could it be for us to know that (that he-asws has risen)?’ So he-asws said: ‘One of you would wake up in the morning and beneath his head would be a parchment in which would be written: ‘Obedience, Recognition’’.[35]
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِي- جَمِيلَةَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: يَا مَعَاشِرَ قُرَّاءِ الْقُرْآنِ اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِيمَا حَمَّلَكُمْ مِنْ كِتَابِهِ فَإِنِّي مَسْئُولٌ وَ إِنَّكُمْ مَسْئُولُونَ، إِنِّي مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ تَبْلِيغِ الرِّسَالَةِ، وَ أَمَّا أَنْتُمْ فَتُسْأَلُونَ عَمَّا حُمِّلْتُمْ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَ سُنَّتِي
Abu Ali Al Ashari, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Ibn Abu Najran, from Abu Jameela, from Jabir,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘O group of reciters of the Quran! Fear Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic regarding what you are bearing from His-azwj Book, for I-saww would be Questioned, and you all would be Questioned. I-saww would be Questioned about the delivery of the Message, and as for you, so you would be Questioned about what you bore from the Book of Allah-azwj and my-saww Sunnah’’.[36]
VERSE 55
وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَيَسْتَخْلِفَنَّهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ كَمَا اسْتَخْلَفَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ وَلَيُمَكِّنَنَّ لَهُمْ دِينَهُمُ الَّذِي ارْتَضَىٰ لَهُمْ وَلَيُبَدِّلَنَّهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ خَوْفِهِمْ أَمْنًا ۚ يَعْبُدُونَنِي لَا يُشْرِكُونَ بِي شَيْئًا ۚ وَمَنْ كَفَرَ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ {55}
Allah Promises those of you who believe and do righteous deeds that He will Make them Caliphs in the earth just as He Made Caliphs, those from before them, and He will Establish their Religion for them which He Approves for them, and He will Exchange for them from afterwards, their fear into security. Worship Me and do not associate anything with Me! And one who commits Kufr after that, so these ones, they are the transgressors [24:55]
The real Caliphs
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ وَ عَمِلُوا الصَّالِحاتِ لَيَسْتَخْلِفَنَّهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ كَمَا اسْتَخْلَفَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ قَالَ هُمُ الْأَئِمَّةُ
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moalla Bin Muhammad, from Al Washa, from Abdullah Bin Sinan who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj, Majestic is His-azwj Majesty: Allah Promises those of you who believe and do righteous deeds that He will Make them Caliphs in the earth just as He Made Caliphs, those from before them [24:55]. He-asws said: ‘They-asws are the Imams-asws’.[37]
وعنه: عن الحسين بن محمد الأشعري، عن معلى بن محمد، عن أحمد بن محمد، عن أبي مسعود، عن الجعفري، قال: سمعت أبا الحسن الرضا (عليه السلام) يقول: الأئمة خلفاء الله عز و جل في أرضه
And from him, from Al Husayn Bin Muhammad Al Ashary, from Moala Bin Muhammad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Abu Masoud, from Al Ja’fary who said,
‘I heard Abu Al Reza-asws saying: ‘The Imams-asws are the Caliphs of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic in the earth’’.[38]
محمد بن إبراهيم النعماني، قال: حدثنا أحمد بن محمد بن سعيد بن عقدة، قال: حدثني أحمد ابن يوسف بن يعقوب الجعفي أبو الحسن، من كتابه، قال: حدثنا إسماعيل بن مهران، قال: حدثنا الحسن بن علي ابن أبي حمزة، عن أبيه و وهيب، عن أبي بصير، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قوله: وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ وَ عَمِلُوا الصَّالِحاتِ لَيَسْتَخْلِفَنَّهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ كَمَا اسْتَخْلَفَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ وَ لَيُمَكِّنَنَّ لَهُمْ دِينَهُمُ الَّذِي ارْتَضى لَهُمْ وَ لَيُبَدِّلَنَّهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ خَوْفِهِمْ أَمْناً يَعْبُدُونَنِي لا يُشْرِكُونَ بِي شَيْئاً، قال: «نزلت في القائم و أصحابه
Muhammad Bin Ibrahim Al Nu’many, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Saeed Bin Uqdat, from Ahmad Ibn Yusuf Bin Yaqoub Abu Al Hassan, from his book, from Ismail Bin Mahran, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from his father, and Waheyb, who has said:
(It has been narrated) from Abu Baseer, who from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding His-azwj Words: Allah Promises those of you who believe and do righteous deeds that He will Make them Caliphs in the earth just as He Made Caliphs, those from before them, and He will Establish their Religion for them which He Approves for them, and He will Exchange for them from afterwards, their fear into security. Worship Me and do not associate anything with Me! And one who commits Kufr after that, so these ones, they are the transgressors [24:55], he-asws said: ‘It was Revealed regarding Al-Qaim-asws and his-asws companions’.[39]
وعنه: عن محمد بن همام، قال: حدثني جعفر بن محمد بن مالك الفزاري الكوفي، قال: حدثني محمد بن أحمد، عن محمد بن سنان، عن يونس بن ظبيان، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: «إذا كانت ليلة الجمعة، أهبط الرب تبارك و تعالى ملكا إلى السماء الدنيا، فإذا طلع الفجر، جلس ذلك الملك على العرش، فوق البيت المعمور، و نصب لمحمد و علي و الحسن و الحسين (صلوات الله عليهم أجمعين) منابر من نور، فيصعدون عليها، و يجمع لهم الملائكة و النبيون و المؤمنون، و تفتح أبواب السماء
And from him, from Muhammad Bin Hamam, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Maalik Al Fazary Al Kufy, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Yunus Bin Zibyan, who has narrated:
‘Abu Abdullah-asws has said: ‘Whenever it is the night of Friday, the Lord-azwj Blessed and Exalted Makes an Angel to descend to the sky of the world. So when it is sunrise, that Angel sits upon the Throne, above the Frequented House (Bayt Al-Mamour) and establishes Pulpits of Light for Muhammad-saww, and Ali-asws, and Al-Hassan-asws, and Al-Husayn-asws. So they-asws ascend these, and the Angels and the Prophets-as and the Momineen gather around them, and the Gateways to the sky are opened up for them-asws’.
فإذا زالت الشمس، قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): يا رب، ميعادك الذي وعدت به في كتابك، و هو هذه الآية: وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ وَ عَمِلُوا الصَّالِحاتِ لَيَسْتَخْلِفَنَّهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ كَمَا اسْتَخْلَفَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ وَ لَيُمَكِّنَنَّ لَهُمْ دِينَهُمُ الَّذِي ارْتَضى لَهُمْ وَ لَيُبَدِّلَنَّهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ خَوْفِهِمْ أَمْناً ثم يقول الملائكة و النبيون مثل ذلك
When the sun sets, Rasool-Allah-saww says: ‘O Lord-azwj! (Fulfil) You-azwj Appointment which You-azwj have Promised in Your-azwj Book!’ And this is this Verse Allah Promises those of you who believe and do righteous deeds that He will Make them Caliphs in the earth just as He Made Caliphs, those from before them, and He will Establish their Religion for them which He Approves for them, and He will Exchange for them from afterwards, their fear into security [24:55]. Then the Angels and the Prophets-as say similar to that.
ثم يخر محمد و علي و الحسن و الحسين (عليهم السلام) سجدا، ثم يقولون: يا رب اغضب، فإنه انتهك حريمك، و قتل أصفياؤك، و أذل عبادك الصالحون فيفعل الله ما يشاء، و ذلك يوم معلوم
Then Muhammad-saww, and Ali-asws, and Al-Hassan-asws, and Al-Husayn-asws fall down in Sajdah, saying: ‘O Lord-azwj! Be Wrathful, for they have violated Your-azwj Sanctity, and killed Your-azwj Elite, and humiliated Your-azwj righteous servants’. So Allah-azwj does whatsoever He-azwj so Desires to, and that is a known Day’.[40]
محمد بن العباس: عن الحسين بن محمد، عن معلى بن محمد، عن الوشاء، عن عبد الله بن سنان، قال: سألت أبا عبد الله (عليه السلام) عن قول الله عز و جل: وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ وَ عَمِلُوا الصَّالِحاتِ لَيَسْتَخْلِفَنَّهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ كَمَا اسْتَخْلَفَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ، قال: «نزلت في علي بن أبي طالب، و الأئمة من ولده (عليهم السلام)
Muhammad Bin Al Abbas, from Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moala Bin Muhammad, from Al Washa, from Abdullah Bin Sinan who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Allah Promises those of you who believe and do righteous deeds that He will Make them Caliphs in the earth just as He Made Caliphs, those from before them [24:55]. He-asws said: ‘It was Revealed regarding Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws and the Imams-asws from his-asws sons’.
وَ لَيُمَكِّنَنَّ لَهُمْ دِينَهُمُ الَّذِي ارْتَضى لَهُمْ وَ لَيُبَدِّلَنَّهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ خَوْفِهِمْ أَمْناً، قال: «عنى به ظهور القائم (عليه السلام)
and He will Establish their Religion for them which He Approves for them, and He will Exchange for them from afterwards, their fear into security [24:55] – it Means by it the appearance of Al-Qaim-asws’.[41]
الطبرسي: في حديث عن أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)، يذكر فيه من تقدم عليه، فقال (عليه السلام): «مثل ما أتوه من الاستيلاء على أمر الامة، كل ذلك لتتم النظرة التي أوجبها الله تبارك و تعالى لعدوه إبليس إلى أن يبلغ الكتاب أجله، و يحق القول على الكافرين، و يقترب الوعد الحق الذي بينه الله في كتابه بقوله: وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ وَ عَمِلُوا الصَّالِحاتِ لَيَسْتَخْلِفَنَّهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ كَمَا اسْتَخْلَفَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ
Al-Tabarsy –
In a Hadeeth from Amir Al-Momineen-asws, mentioning in it (about) the ones (Abu Bakr, Umar, and Usman) who came before him-asws. So he-asws said: ‘Similar to that is what they came to seize the commands of the community. All that was in order to complete the consideration which Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted had Obligated to His-azwj enemy Ibleesla, until it reaches its Decreed term, and the Words Proves to be true to the Infidels, and the Truthful Promise approaches, which Allah-azwj has Explained in His-azwj Book by His-azwj Words: Allah Promises those of you who believe and do righteous deeds that He will Make them Caliphs in the earth just as He Made Caliphs, those from before them [24:55].
و ذلك إذا لم يبق من الإسلام إلا اسمه، و من القرآن إلا رسمه، و غاب صاحب الأمر بإيضاح العذر له في ذلك، لاشتمال الفتنة على القلوب، حتى يكون أقرب الناس إليه أشدهم عداوة له، و عند ذلك يؤيده الله بجنود لم يروها، و يظهر دين نبيه (صلى الله عليه و آله) على يديه على الدين كله، و لو كره المشركون
And that (will happen) when there will not remain from Al-Islam except for its name, and from the Quran except for its image, and Master of the Command-asws would be absent to clarify matters with regards to that, and the Fitna would be included in their hearts, until those (who would claim to be) closest to himajfj would be the most intense in enmity towards himajfj. And during that, Allah-azwj would Support himajfj with armies which cannot be seen, and He-azwj would Manifest the Religion of His-azwj Prophet-saww upon hisajfj hands, over all the other Religions, even though the Polytheists may be averse to it’.[42]
وَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لَقَدْ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِ أَوَّلَ مَا خَلَقَ الدُّنْيَا وَ لَقَدْ خَلَقَ فِيهَا أَوَّلَ نَبِيٍّ يَكُونُ وَ أَوَّلَ وَصِيٍّ يَكُونُ وَ لَقَدْ قَضَى أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ لَيْلَةٌ يَهْبِطُ فِيهَا بِتَفْسِيرِ الْأُمُورِ إِلَى مِثْلِهَا مِنَ السَّنَةِ الْمُقْبِلَةِ
And from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj had Created the Night of Pre-determination (Laylat Al-Qadr) before having Created the world, and Had Created regarding it the first Prophet-as and the first successor-as who would happen to be, and had Ordained that there would happen to be a night during every year in which would descend the interpretation of the affairs up to its like from the next year.
مَنْ جَحَدَ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ رَدَّ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عِلْمَهُ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَقُومُ الْأَنْبِيَاءُ وَ الرُّسُلُ وَ الْمُحَدَّثُونَ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ حُجَّةٌ بِمَا يَأْتِيهِمْ فِي تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةِ مَعَ الْحُجَّةِ الَّتِي يَأْتِيهِمْ بِهَا جَبْرَئِيلُ ( عليه السلام )
The one who rejects that so he has rebutted against Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic of His-azwj Knowledge, because the Prophets-as and the Rasools-as and the Muhaddisoun-asws cannot be standing except if there happens to be an argument upon them-asws with what is Given to them-asws during that Night along with the Authority which Jibraeel-as comes with to them-asws’.
قُلْتُ وَ الْمُحَدَّثُونَ أَيْضاً يَأْتِيهِمْ جَبْرَئِيلُ أَوْ غَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ أَمَّا الْأَنْبِيَاءُ وَ الرُّسُلُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَلَا شَكَّ وَ لَا بُدَّ لِمَنْ سِوَاهُمْ مِنْ أَوَّلِ يَوْمٍ خُلِقَتْ فِيهِ الْأَرْضُ إِلَى آخِرِ فَنَاءِ الدُّنْيَا أَنْ تَكُونَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ حُجَّةٌ يَنْزِلُ ذَلِكَ فِي تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةِ إِلَى مَنْ أَحَبَّ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ
I said, ‘And the Muhaddisoun-asws as well, Does Jibraeel-as comes to them or someone else from the Angels?’ He-asws said: ‘As for the Prophets-as and the Rasools-as, so there is no doubt, and it is inevitable for the ones besides them-as, from the first day in which the earth was Created up to the last annihilation of the world, that there would happen to be a Divine Authority upon the people of the earth, that would descend during that very Night unto the most beloved of His-azwj servants.
وَ ايْمُ اللَّهِ لَقَدْ نَزَلَ الرُّوحُ وَ الْمَلَائِكَةُ بِالْأَمْرِ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ عَلَى آدَمَ وَ ايْمُ اللَّهِ مَا مَاتَ آدَمُ إِلَّا وَ لَهُ وَصِيٌّ وَ كُلُّ مَنْ بَعْدَ آدَمَ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ قَدْ أَتَاهُ الْأَمْرُ فِيهَا وَ وَضَعَ لِوَصِيِّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَ ايْمُ اللَّهِ إِنْ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ لَيُؤْمَرُ فِيمَا يَأْتِيهِ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ فِي تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةِ مِنْ آدَمَ إِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) أَنْ أَوْصِ إِلَى فُلَانٍ
And I-asws swear by Allah-azwj! The Spirit and the Angels had descended during the Night of Pre-determination (Laylat Al-Qadr) unto Adam-as. And I-asws swear by Allah-azwj! Adam-as did not die except there was a successor-as for him-as, and (for) everyone from the Prophets-as after Adam-as, that Command had come to him-as during it, and was placed for his-as successor-as from after him-as. And I-asws swear by Allah-azwj! It was always so that the Prophet-as was Commanded among what came to Him-as from the Commands during that Night, from Adam-as to Muhammad-saww, that he-as bequeaths to so and so.
وَ لَقَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ لِوُلَاةِ الْأَمْرِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مُحَمَّدٍ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) خَاصَّةً وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ وَ عَمِلُوا الصَّالِحاتِ لَيَسْتَخْلِفَنَّهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ كَمَا اسْتَخْلَفَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ فَأُولئِكَ هُمُ الْفاسِقُونَ
And Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Said in His-azwj Book to the Masters-asws of the Command after Muhammad-saww in particular: Allah Promises those of you who believe and do righteous deeds that He will Make them Caliphs in the earth just as He Made Caliphs, those from before them – up to His-azwj Words: so these ones, they are the transgressors [24:55].
يَقُولُ أَسْتَخْلِفُكُمْ لِعِلْمِي وَ دِينِي وَ عِبَادَتِي بَعْدَ نَبِيِّكُمْ كَمَا اسْتَخْلَفَ وُصَاةَ آدَمَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ حَتَّى يَبْعَثَ النَّبِيَّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ يَعْبُدُونَنِي لا يُشْرِكُونَ بِي شَيْئاً يَقُولُ يَعْبُدُونَنِي بِإِيمَانٍ لَا نَبِيَّ بَعْدَ مُحَمَّدٍ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَمَنْ قَالَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ فَأُولئِكَ هُمُ الْفاسِقُونَ
He-azwj is Saying: “I-azwj will be Making Caliphs for My-azwj Knowledge, and My-azwj Religion, and My-azwj servants after your Prophet-as just as I-azwj had Made Caliphs of the successors-as of Adam-as from after him-as until the Prophet-saww was Sent, those that followed him-saww that: Worship Me and do not associate anything with Me!. He-azwj is Saying: “Worship Me-azwj with the belief that there will be no Prophet-saww after Muhammad-saww, so the one who says other than that, so these ones, they are the transgressors [24:55].
فَقَدْ مَكَّنَ وُلَاةَ الْأَمْرِ بَعْدَ مُحَمَّدٍ بِالْعِلْمِ وَ نَحْنُ هُمْ فَاسْأَلُونَا فَإِنْ صَدَقْنَاكُمْ فَأَقِرُّوا وَ مَا أَنْتُمْ بِفَاعِلِينَ أَمَّا عِلْمُنَا فَظَاهِرٌ وَ أَمَّا إِبَّانُ أَجَلِنَا الَّذِي يَظْهَرُ فِيهِ الدِّينُ مِنَّا حَتَّى لَا يَكُونَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ اخْتِلَافٌ فَإِنَّ لَهُ أَجَلًا مِنْ مَمَرِّ اللَّيَالِي وَ الْأَيَّامِ إِذَا أَتَى ظَهَرَ وَ كَانَ الْأَمْرُ وَاحِداً
He-azwj has Enabled the Masters-asws of the Command (Wali Al-Amr) after Muhammad-saww with the Knowledge, and we-asws are they, therefore ask us-asws, so if we-asws ratify you, be acknowledging, and you will not be doing so. As for our-asws knowledge, so it is apparent, and as for the appearance of our-asws era in which the Religion would be manifested from us-asws until there does not happen to be any differing between the people, so there is a term for it from the passing of the nights and the days. When it comes, it would be manifested, and it would be one command.
وَ ايْمُ اللَّهِ لَقَدْ قُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اخْتِلَافٌ وَ لِذَلِكَ جَعَلَهُمْ شُهَدَاءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ لِيَشْهَدَ مُحَمَّدٌ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) عَلَيْنَا وَ لِنَشْهَدَ عَلَى شِيعَتِنَا وَ لِتَشْهَدَ شِيعَتُنَا عَلَى النَّاسِ أَبَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي حُكْمِهِ اخْتِلَافٌ أَوْ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ عِلْمِهِ تَنَاقُضٌ
And I-asws swear by Allah-azwj! The matter has been Ordained that there will not be any differing between the Momineen, and due to that, Allah-azwj Made them to be the witnesses upon the people, for Muhammad-saww to be a witness upon us-asws and for us-asws to be a witness upon our-asws Shias, and for our-asws Shias to be a witness upon the (generality of the) people. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Refuses that there should happen to be a differing in His-azwj Judgment, or between the people-asws of His-azwj Knowledge, there be a contradiction’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) فَضْلُ إِيمَانِ الْمُؤْمِنِ بِجُمْلَةِ إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَاهُ وَ بِتَفْسِيرِهَا عَلَى مَنْ لَيْسَ مِثْلَهُ فِي الْإِيمَانِ بِهَا كَفَضْلِ الْإِنْسَانِ عَلَى الْبَهَائِمِ وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَيَدْفَعُ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِهَا عَنِ الْجَاحِدِينَ لَهَا فِي الدُّنْيَا لِكَمَالِ عَذَابِ الْآخِرَةِ لِمَنْ عَلِمَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَتُوبُ مِنْهُمْ مَا يَدْفَعُ بِالْمُجَاهِدِينَ عَنِ الْقَاعِدِينَ وَ لَا أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ فِي هَذَا الزَّمَانِ جِهَاداً إِلَّا الْحَجَّ وَ الْعُمْرَةَ وَ الْجِوَارَ
Then Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘The merit of the Eman of the Momin in total is: Surely We revealed it [97:1] (Chapter 97) and in its interpretation, upon the one who is not like him in the Eman with it, is like the merit of the human being upon the beasts. And Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Defends with the believers in it from the rejecters of it in the world, in order to perfect the Punishment of the Hereafter for the ones He-azwj Knows there is no repentance from them, as He-azwj Defends by the fighters from the sitters. And I-asws do not know that in this era if there is a Jihad other than the (performance) of the Hajj, and the Umra, and the (good) neighbourliness’.[43]
ثم قال: و روى العياشي بإسناده عن علي بن الحسين (عليه السلام)، أنه قرأ الآية و قال: «هم و الله شيعتنا أهل البيت، يفعل الله ذلك بهم على يدي رجل منا، و هو مهدي هذه الامة، و هو الذي قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): لو لم يبق من الدنيا إلا يوم واحد، لطول الله ذلك اليوم حتى يلي رجل من عترتي، اسمه اسمي، يملأ الأرض عدلا و قسطا كما ملئت ظلما و جورا
Then he said, ‘And Al Ayyashi has reported by his chain,
‘From Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws having recited the Verse (24:55) and said: ‘By Allah-azwj! They are our-asws Shias, of the People-asws of the Household. Allah-azwj will Do that with them upon the hands of a man-asws from us-asws, and he-asws is the Mahdi-asws of this community, and he-asws is the one for whom Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Even if there does not remain from the world except for one day, Allah-azwj would Prolong that day until a man from my-saww family-asws, his-asws name being my-saww name, would fill the earth with justice and fairness just as it had been filled with injustice and tyranny (before)’’.[44]
The Fourth Caliph – Ali-asws
في عيون الاخبار حدثنا أبو الحسن محمد بن ابراهيم بن اسحق رضى الله عنه قال حدثنا أبو سعيد النسوي قال حدثنى ابراهيم بن محمد بن هارون قال حدثنا أحمد بن الفضل البلخى قال حدثنى خالي يحيى بن سعيد البلخى
In Uyoon Al Akhbar, it has been narrated from Abu Al Hassan Muhammad Bin Ibrahim Bin Is’haq -as from Abu Sa’eed Al Noosy from Ibrahim Bin Muhammad Bin Haroun from Ahmad Bin Al Fadhl Al Balkhy from Khaly Yahya Bin Sa’eed Al Balkhy
عن على بن موسى الرضا عن ابيه عن آبائه عن على عليه السلام قال: بينما أنا امشى مع النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم في بعض طرقات المدينة إذ لقينا شيخ طوال كث اللحية بعيد مابين المنكبين، فسلم على النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم ورحب به ثم التفت إلى فقال: السلام عليك يا رابع الخلفاء ورحمة الله وبركاته، اليس كذلك هو يا رسول الله ؟ فقال له رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله: بلى ثم مضى
From Ali-asws Bin Musa Al-Reza-asws from his-asws father-asws from his-asws forefathers-asws from Ali-asws, having said: ‘While I-asws was walking with the Prophet-saww in one of the roads of Al-Medina, when we-asws met a tall old man with a bushy beard and broad shoulders. So he greeted upon the Prophet-saww and was welcoming with him-saww. Then he turned towards me-asws and he said, ‘The greetings be upon you-asws, O fourth Caliph, and the Mercy of Allah-azwj and His-azwj Blessings! Isn’t he-asws like that, O Rasool-Allah-saww?’ So Rasool-Allah-saww said to him: ‘Yes’. Then he went away.
فقلت: يا رسول الله ماهذا الذى قال لى هذا الشيخ وتصديقك له ؟ قال: أنت كذلك والحمد لله، ان الله عزوجل قال في كتابه: انى جاعل في الارض خليفة والخليفة المجعول فيها آدم عليه السلام
I-asws said: ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! What is this that this Sheikh said that you-saww ratified for him?’ He-saww said: ‘You-asws are like that, and Praise is for Allah-azwj. Allah-azwj has Mighty and Majestic Said in His-azwj Book: I am going to Make a Caliph in the earth [2:30] – and the Caliph obscure in it is Adam-as.
وقال عزوجل: (يا داود انا جعلناك خليفة في الارض فاحكم بين الناس بالحق) فهو الثاني، وقال عزوجل حكاية عن موسى حين قال لهارون عليه السلام: (اخلفنى في قومي واصلح) فهو هارون إذا استخلفه موسى عليه السلام في قومه وهو الثالث
And the Might and Majestic Says: O Dawood ! We have Made you a Caliph in the earth; so judge between the people with the Truth [38:26]; So he-as was the second. And the Mighty and Majestic Relates the story of Musa-as when he-asws said to Haroun-as: Be my Caliph, and correct (the people) [7:142]. So it was Haroun-as that Musa-as appointed as Caliph among his-as community and he-as was the third.
وقال عزوجل (واذان من الله ورسوله إلى الناس يوم الحج الاكبر وكنت انت المبلغ عن الله عزوجل وعن رسوله، وانت وصيى ووزيرى وقاضي دينى والمؤدى عنى، وانت منى بمنزلة هارون من موسى الا انه لانبى بعدى
And, the Mighty and Majestic Says: And a proclamation from Allah and His Rasool to the people on the day of the greater Pilgrimage [9:3] and you-asws were the Preacher on behalf of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic and His-azwj Rasool-saww, and you-asws are my-saww successor-asws and my-saww Vizier, and the fulfiller of my-saww debts and the caller on my-saww behalf, and you-asws are from me-saww at the status of Haroun-as from Musa-as, except that there would be no Prophet-as after me-as.
فانت رابع الخلفاء كما سلم عليك الشيخ، اولاتدرى من هو ؟ قلت: لاقال: ذاك أخوك الخضر عليه السلام فاعلم
Thus, you-asws are the fourth Caliph, just as the Sheikh had greeted upon you-asws. Or you-asws don’t know who he was?’ I-asws said: ‘No’. He-saww said: ‘That was your-asws brother Al-Khizr-as‘.[45]
ابن شاذان: عن علي بن الحسين، عن أبيه (عليهما السلام): قال أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام): «من لم يقل إني رابع الخلفاء الأربعة، فعليه لعنة الله
Ibn Shazan, from Ali Bin Al-Husayn-asws, from his-asws father-asws having said: ‘Amir Al Momineen-asws said: ‘The one who does not say that I-asws am the fourth Caliph, so upon him is the Curse of Allah-azwj’’.
قال الحسين بن زيد: فقلت لجعفر بن محمد (عليهما السلام): قد رويتم غير هذا فإنكم لا تكذبون؟! قال (عليه السلام): «نعم قال الله تعالى في محكم كتابه: وَ إِذْ قالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلائِكَةِ إِنِّي جاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً فكان آدم أول خليفة الله. و يا داوُدُ إِنَّا جَعَلْناكَ خَلِيفَةً فِي الْأَرْضِ فكان داود الثاني
Al-Husayn Bin Zayd said, ‘So I said to Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, ‘It has been reported other than this, and you (Imams-asws) are not lying?’ He-asws said: ‘Yes. Allah-azwj the Exalted Said in the Decisive (Verses) of His-azwj Book And when your Lord said to the Angels: I am going to Make a Caliph in the earth [2:30] – so Adam-as was the first Caliph of Allah-azwj. And O Dawood ! We have Made you a Caliph in the earth [38:26] – So Dawood-as was the second.
و كان هارون خليفة موسى قوله تعالى: اخْلُفْنِي فِي قَوْمِي وَ أَصْلِحْ، و هو خليفة محمد (صلى الله عليه و آله)، فلم لم يقل: إني رابع الخلفاء الأربعة؟
And Haroun-as was the Caliph of Musa-as, saying it in the Words of the Exalted Be my Caliph, and correct (the people) [7:142]. And he (Ali-asws) is the Caliph of Muhammad-saww. So why shouldn’t one say he-asws is the fourth Caliph?’[46]
VERSE 56
وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ {56}
And establish the Salat and give the Zakat, and obey the Rasool, perhaps you would be Mercied [24:56]
محمد بن يعقوب، عن علي بن محمد، عن ابن جمهور، عن أبيه، عن علي بن حديد، عن عثمان بن رشيد، عن معروف بن خربوذ، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: «إن الله عز و جل قرن الزكاة بالصلاة، فقال: وَ أَقِيمُوا الصَّلاةَ وَ آتُوا الزَّكاةَ، فمن أقام الصلاة، و لم يؤت الزكاة، لم يقم الصلاة
Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from Ali Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Jamhour, from his father, from Ali Bin Hadeed, from Usmaan Bin Rasheed, from Marouf Bin Kharboud,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Paired the Zakat with the Prayer, so He-azwj Said: And establish the Salat and give the Zakat [24:56]. So the one who establishes the Salat, and does not give the Zakat, has not established the Salat’.[47]
VERSE 57
لَا تَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مُعْجِزِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ ۚ وَمَأْوَاهُمُ النَّارُ ۖ وَلَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ {57}
Do not reckon that those who commit Kufr would be escaping in the earth, and their abode is the Fire, and it is an evil destination [24:57]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجَوْهَرِيِّ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِهِ وَ يَسْتَنْبِئُونَكَ أَ حَقٌّ هُوَ قَالَ مَا تَقُولُ فِي عَلِيٍّ قُلْ إِي وَ رَبِّي إِنَّهُ لَحَقٌّ وَ ما أَنْتُمْ بِمُعْجِزِينَ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Al Qasim Bin Muhammad Al Jowharey, from some of his companions,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding His-azwj Words: And they are asking you for information, ‘Is it true?’ [10:53]. He-asws said: ‘What you-saww are saying regarding Ali-asws’. Say: ‘Yes, by my Lord! It is true, and you will not be escaping it [10:53]’.[48]
VERSE 58
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِيَسْتَأْذِنْكُمُ الَّذِينَ مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ وَالَّذِينَ لَمْ يَبْلُغُوا الْحُلُمَ مِنْكُمْ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ ۚ مِنْ قَبْلِ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ وَحِينَ تَضَعُونَ ثِيَابَكُمْ مِنَ الظَّهِيرَةِ وَمِنْ بَعْدِ صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ ۚ ثَلَاثُ عَوْرَاتٍ لَكُمْ ۚ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَلَا عَلَيْهِمْ جُنَاحٌ بَعْدَهُنَّ ۚ طَوَّافُونَ عَلَيْكُمْ بَعْضُكُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الْآيَاتِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ {58}
O you those who believe! Let them seek your permission, those whom your right hands possess, and those who have not yet reached the puberty from you, at three times – from before the Fajr Salat, and when you put off your clothes from midday, and from after the Al-Isha Salat – three (times) of privacy for you. There wouldn’t be a blame upon you nor upon them after these (times), going around you, some of you upon the others. Like that, Allah Clarifies the Verses for you, and Allah is Knowing, Wise [24:58]
وعنه: عن عدة من أصحابنا، عن أحمد بن محمد، عن ابن فضال، عن أبي جميلة، عن محمد الحلبي، عن زرارة، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قول الله عز و جل الَّذِينَ مَلَكَتْ أَيْمانُكُمْ، قال: «هي خاصة في الرجال دون النساء». قلت: فالنساء يستأذن في هذه الثلاث ساعات؟ قال: «لا، و لكن يدخلن و يخرجن
And from him (Yaqoub Al Kulayni), from a number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazaal, from Abu Jameela, from Muhammad Al Halby, from Zurara,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: those whom your right hands possess [24:58], he-asws said: ‘This is especially regarding the men, besides the women’. I said, ‘So the women are permitted in these three times?’ He-asws said: ‘No, but they can come and go’.[49]
وعنه: عن محمد بن يحيى، عن أحمد بن محمد، و عدة من أصحابنا، عن أحمد بن أبي عبد الله، جميعا، عن محمد بن عيسى، عن يوسف بن عقيل، عن محمد بن قيس، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: «لِيَسْتَأْذِنْكُمُ الَّذِينَ مَلَكَتْ أَيْمانُكُمْ وَ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يَبْلُغُوا الْحُلُمَ مِنْكُمْ ثَلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ صَلاةِ الْفَجْرِ وَ حِينَ تَضَعُونَ ثِيابَكُمْ مِنَ الظَّهِيرَةِ وَ مِنْ بَعْدِ صَلاةِ الْعِشاءِ ثَلاثُ عَوْراتٍ لَكُمْ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَ لا عَلَيْهِمْ جُناحٌ بَعْدَهُنَّ طَوَّافُونَ عَلَيْكُمْ و من بلغ الحلم منكم، فلا يلج على امه، و لا على ابنته، و لا على أخته، و لا على من سوى ذلك إلا بإذن، و لا يأذن لأحد حتى يسلم، فإن السلام طاعة الرحمن
And from him, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, and a number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, altogether from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yusuf Bin Aqeel, from Muhammad Bin Qays,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far -asws having said: ‘Let them seek your permission, those whom your right hands possess, and those who have not yet reached the puberty from you, at three times – from before the Fajr Salat, and when you put off your clothes from midday, and from after the Al Isha Salat – three (times) of privacy for you. There wouldn’t be a blame upon you nor upon them after these (times), going around you, some of you upon the others [24:58] – and the one who has reached puberty from among you, so he should not go to his mother, nor to his daughter, nor to his sister, nor to any one besides that without permission. And it is not permissible for anyone until he has greeted, for the greeting (السلام) is obedience to the Beneficent’.[50]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ خَلَفِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ رِبْعِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الْفُضَيْلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِيَسْتَأْذِنْكُمُ الَّذِينَ مَلَكَتْ أَيْمانُكُمْ وَ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يَبْلُغُوا الْحُلُمَ مِنْكُمْ ثَلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ قِيلَ مَنْ هُمْ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from his father, from Khalaf Bin Hammad, from Rabie Bin Abdullah, from Al Fuzayl Bin Yasaar,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: O you those who believe! Let them seek your permission, those whom your right hands possess, and those who have not yet reached the puberty from you, at three times [24:58]. It was said, ‘Who are they?’
فَقَالَ هُمُ الْمَمْلُوكُونَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَ النِّسَاءِ وَ الصِّبْيَانُ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يَبْلُغُوا يَسْتَأْذِنُونَ عَلَيْكُمْ عِنْدَ هَذِهِ الثَّلَاثِ الْعَوْرَاتِ مِنْ بَعْدِ صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ وَ هِيَ الْعَتَمَةُ وَ حِينَ تَضَعُونَ ثِيَابَكُمْ مِنَ الظَّهِيرَةِ وَ مِنْ قَبْلِ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ وَ يَدْخُلُ مَمْلُوكُكُمْ [وَ غِلْمَانُكُمْ] مِنْ بَعْدِ هَذِهِ الثَّلَاثِ عَوْرَاتٍ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنٍ إِنْ شَاءُوا
So he-asws said: ‘They are the slaves, from the men and the women and the children who have not yet attained puberty, they should be seeking permission from you during these three privacies – from after the Al-Isha Prayer, and it is (called) Al-Atmat, and when you are putting off your clothes from the backs, and from before Al-Fajr Salat; and your slaves and your boys can enter from after these three times of privacy without permission, if they so desire to’.[51]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ جَرَّاحٍ الْمَدَائِنِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لِيَسْتَأْذِنِ الَّذِينَ مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ وَ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يَبْلُغُوا الْحُلُمَ مِنْكُمْ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ كَمَا أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ مَنْ بَلَغَ الْحُلُمَ فَلَا يَلِجُ عَلَى أُمِّهِ وَ لَا عَلَى أُخْتِهِ وَ لَا عَلَى خَالَتِهِ وَ لَا عَلَى سِوَى ذَلِكَ إِلَّا بِإِذْنٍ فَلَا تَأْذَنُوا حَتَّى يُسَلِّمَ وَ السَّلَامُ طَاعَةٌ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from his father, and Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, altogether from Al Nazar Bin Suweyd, from Al Qasim Bin Suleyman, from Jarrah Al Madainy,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Let them seek permission, those whom your right hands possess, and those who have not yet reached puberty, three times from you just as Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Commanded you; and the ones who have attained puberty, so he should neither enter into (chamber of) his mother, nor the (chamber of) his sister, nor the (chamber of) his maternal aunt, nor the (chamber of) anyone besides that, except by permission. So do not give permission until they have greeted, and the greeting is in obedience to Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic’.
قَالَ وَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) لِيَسْتَأْذِنْ عَلَيْكَ خَادِمُكَ إِذَا بَلَغَ الْحُلُمَ فِي ثَلَاثِ عَوْرَاتٍ إِذَا دَخَلَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْهُنَّ وَ لَوْ كَانَ بَيْتُهُ فِي بَيْتِكَ قَالَ وَ لْيَسْتَأْذِنْ عَلَيْكَ بَعْدَ الْعِشَاءِ الَّتِي تُسَمَّى الْعَتَمَةَ وَ حِينَ تُصْبِحُ وَ حِينَ تَضَعُونَ ثِيَابَكُمْ مِنَ الظَّهِيرَةِ إِنَّمَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِذَلِكَ لِلْخَلْوَةِ فَإِنَّهَا سَاعَةُ غِرَّةٍ وَ خَلْوَةٍ
He (the narrator) said: ‘And Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Let your servant seek permission to you when he has attained puberty during three times of privacy, when he enters the (chamber of) anyone of them, even though his room is inside your house. And let him seek permission after the evening which is called Al-Atmat, and when it is the morning, and when you put-off your clothes from the backs. But rather, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Commanded with that for the privacy, for these are timings of inattention and privacy’.[52]
VERSES 59 & 60
وَإِذَا بَلَغَ الْأَطْفَالُ مِنْكُمُ الْحُلُمَ فَلْيَسْتَأْذِنُوا كَمَا اسْتَأْذَنَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ آيَاتِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ {59}
And when the children from you reach puberty, so let them seek permission just as those from before them sought permission, Like that, Allah Clarifies His Verses to you, and Allah is Knowing, Wise [24:59]
وَالْقَوَاعِدُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي لَا يَرْجُونَ نِكَاحًا فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِنَّ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ ثِيَابَهُنَّ غَيْرَ مُتَبَرِّجَاتٍ بِزِينَةٍ ۖ وَأَنْ يَسْتَعْفِفْنَ خَيْرٌ لَهُنَّ ۗ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ {60}
And the post-menopausal from the women, those who do not hope for marriage, there isn’t any blame upon them if they put off their clothes without displaying the ornaments. And if they modestly refrain, it would be better for them, and Allah is Hearing, Knowing [24:60]
محمد بن يعقوب: عن علي بن إبراهيم، عن أبيه، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن حماد بن عثمان، عن الحلبي، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، أنه قرأ: أَنْ يَضَعْنَ ثِيابَهُنَّ، قال: «الخمار و الجلباب». قلت: بين يدي من كان؟ فقال: «بين يدي من كان، غير متبرجة بزينة، فإن لم تفعل فهو خير لها، و الزينة التي يبدين لهن شيء في الآية الاخرى
Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hamaad Bin Usman, from Al Halby,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having recited: if they put off their clothes [24:60], then said: ‘The muffler and the robe’. I said, ‘In front of whosoever it may be?’ So he-asws said: ‘In front of whosoever it may be, without displaying the ornaments. But if she were not to do it, it is better for her. And the ornament is that which shows something of her, is in another Verse: (except what is apparent from these [24:31]).[53]
وعنه: بإسناده عن الصفار، عن يعقوب بن يزيد، عن علي بن أحمد، عن يونس، قال: ذكر الحسين أنه كتب إليه يسأله عن حد القواعد من النساء اللاتي إذا بلغت جاز لها أن تكشف رأسها و ذراعها؟ فكتب (عليه السلام): «من قعدن عن النكاح
And from him, by his chain from Al Saffar, from Yaqoub, from Yaqoub Bin Yazeed, from Ali Bin Ahmad, from Yunus who said,
‘Al-Husayn mentioned that he wrote to him-asws about the limit of the post-menopausal from the women, those, when they reach it, would it be Permissible for her to uncover her head and her forearms?’ He-asws wrote: ‘One sitting back from the marriage’’.[54]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ ثِيابَهُنَّ قَالَ الْجِلْبَابَ وَ الْخِمَارَ إِذَا كَانَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ مُسِنَّةً
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad Bin Isa, from Hareyz Bin Abdullah,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws (the Verse) having been recited: there isn’t any blame upon them if they put off their clothes [24:60], he-asws said: ‘The robe and the scarf when the woman has aged’.[55]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الْجَامُورَانِيِّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ الْعَزْرَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ جَاءَتِ امْرَأَةٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَسَأَلَتْهُ عَنْ حَقِّ الزَّوْجِ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ فَخَبَّرَهَا ثُمَّ قَالَتْ فَمَا حَقُّهَا عَلَيْهِ قَالَ يَكْسُوهَا مِنَ الْعُرْيِ وَ يُطْعِمُهَا مِنَ الْجُوعِ وَ إِنْ أَذْنَبَتْ غَفَرَ لَهَا
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from Al Jamourany, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from Amro Bin Jubeyr Al Aramy,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘A woman came over to the Prophet-saww and asked him-saww about the rights of the husband upon the wife. So he-saww informed her. Then she said, ‘So what are her rights upon him?’ He-saww said: ‘He has to clothe her from the nakedness, and feed her from the hunger, and if she sins, forgive her’.
فَقَالَتْ فَلَيْسَ لَهَا عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ غَيْرُ هَذَا قَالَ لَا قَالَتْ لَا وَ اللَّهِ لَا تَزَوَّجْتُ أَبَداً ثُمَّ وَلَّتْ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) ارْجِعِي فَرَجَعَتْ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ وَ أَنْ يَسْتَعْفِفْنَ خَيْرٌ لَهُنَّ
So she said, ‘So isn’t there anything for her upon him apart from this?’ He-saww said: ‘No’. She said, ‘No, by Allah-azwj, I will not get married, ever!’ Then she turned around to leave. So the Prophet-saww said: ‘Come back!’ So she returned. He-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: And if they modestly refrain, it would be better for them [24:60]’.[56]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ الْقَواعِدُ مِنَ النِّساءِ اللَّاتِي لا يَرْجُونَ نِكاحاً مَا الَّذِي يَصْلُحُ لَهُنَّ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ مِنْ ثِيَابِهِنَّ قَالَ الْجِلْبَابُ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Al A’ala Bin Razeyn, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws regarding the Words of the Mighty and Majestic: And the post-menopausal from the women, those who do not hope for marriage, there isn’t any blame upon them if they put off their clothes [24:60], he-asws said: ‘The robe’.[57]
VERSE 61
لَيْسَ عَلَى الْأَعْمَىٰ حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى الْأَعْرَجِ حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى الْمَرِيضِ حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَىٰ أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَنْ تَأْكُلُوا مِنْ بُيُوتِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ آبَائِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ أُمَّهَاتِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ إِخْوَانِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ أَخَوَاتِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ أَعْمَامِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ عَمَّاتِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ أَخْوَالِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ خَالَاتِكُمْ أَوْ مَا مَلَكْتُمْ مَفَاتِحَهُ أَوْ صَدِيقِكُمْ ۚ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَأْكُلُوا جَمِيعًا أَوْ أَشْتَاتًا ۚ فَإِذَا دَخَلْتُمْ بُيُوتًا فَسَلِّمُوا عَلَىٰ أَنْفُسِكُمْ تَحِيَّةً مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ مُبَارَكَةً طَيِّبَةً ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الْآيَاتِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ {61}
There isn’t a blame upon the blind, nor a blame upon the lame, nor a blame upon the sick, nor upon yourselves if you were to eat from your houses or houses of your fathers, or houses of your mothers, or houses of your brothers, or houses of your sisters, or houses of your paternal uncles, or houses of your paternal aunts, or houses of your maternal uncles, or houses of your maternal aunts, or (houses) you possess the keys to, or (houses of) your friends. There isn’t a blame upon you if you were to eat together or separately. So when you enter houses, then greet upon yourselves being a salutation from the Presence of Allah, Blessed, Good. Like that, Allah Clarifies the Verses, perhaps you will use your intellects [24:61]
علي بن إبراهيم، قال: في رواية أبي الجارود، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، في قوله: لَيْسَ عَلَى الْأَعْمى حَرَجٌ وَ لا عَلَى الْأَعْرَجِ حَرَجٌ وَ لا عَلَى الْمَرِيضِ حَرَجٌ. قال: «و ذلك أن أهل المدينة، قبل أن يسلموا، كانوا يعتزلون الأعمى و الأعرج و المريض، و كانوا لا يأكلون معهم، و كان الأنصار فيهم تيه و تكرم، فقالوا: إن الأعمى لا يبصر الطعام، و الأعرج لا يستطيع الزحام على الطعام، و المريض لا يأكل كما يأكل الصحيح، فعزلوا لهم طعامهم على ناحية، و كانوا يرون عليهم في مؤاكلتهم جناحا
Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘And in a report of Abu Al Jaroud,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws regarding His-azwj Words: There isn’t a blame upon the blind, nor a blame upon the lame, nor a blame upon the sick [24:61], he-asws said: ‘And that is that the people of Al-Medina, before they had become Muslims, used to stay away from the blind, and the lame and the sick, and they did not eat with them, and the Helpers from among them used to be arrogant and feasting, and they were saying, ‘The blind do not see the food, and the lame do not have the ability to reach to the food, and the sick do not eat as the healthy do’. So they kept their food away from around them, and they used to consider including them in their feasting as a sin.
و كان الأعمى و المريض يقولون: لعلنا نؤذيهم إذا أكلنا معهم. فاعتزلوا مؤاكلتهم. فلما قدم النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله) سألوه عن ذلك، فأنزل الله: لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُناحٌ أَنْ تَأْكُلُوا جَمِيعاً أَوْ أَشْتاتاً
And the blind and the sick were saying, ‘Perhaps we are hurting them if we were to eat with them’. And thus they kept away from their feasts. When the Prophet-saww came up, they asked him-saww about that. Thus Allah-azwj Revealed: There isn’t a blame upon you if you were to eat together or separately [24:61]’.[58]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَوْ ما مَلَكْتُمْ مَفاتِحَهُ أَوْ صَدِيقِكُمْ قَالَ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ سَمَّى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ تَأْكُلُ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِمْ مِنَ التَّمْرِ وَ الْمَأْدُومِ وَ كَذَلِكَ تَطْعَمُ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنْ مَنْزِلِ زَوْجِهَا بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِ فَأَمَّا مَا خَلَا ذَلِكَ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ فَلَا
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from his father, from Safwan, from Musa Bin Bakr, from Zurara,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: or (houses) you possess the keys to, or (houses of) your friends [24:61], having said: ‘Those whom Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Named in this Verse eat without their permission, from the dates, and the sauces; and similar to that is the food (eaten by) the wife from the house of her husband without his permission. As for besides that from the foodstuff, so no’.[59]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ أَنْ تَأْكُلَ وَ أَنْ تَتَصَدَّقَ وَ لِلصَّدِيقِ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ فِي مَنْزِلِ أَخِيهِ وَ يَتَصَدَّقَ
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr, from Jameel Bin Darraj,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘For the wife is that she eats and that she gives charity, and for the friend is that he eats in the house of his brother and gives charity’.[60]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَحَدَهُمَا ( عليهما السلام ) عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُناحٌ أَنْ تَأْكُلُوا مِنْ بُيُوتِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ آبائِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ أُمَّهاتِكُمْ الْآيَةَ قَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَا طَعِمْتَ أَوْ أَكَلْتَ مِمَّا مَلَكْتَ مَفَاتِحَهُ مَا لَمْ تُفْسِدْهُ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Al Qasim Bin Urwa, from Abdullah Bin Bukeyr, from Zurara who said,
‘I asked one of the two (5th or 6th Imam-asws) about this Verse: nor a blame upon the sick, nor upon yourselves if you were to eat from your houses or houses of your fathers, or houses of your mothers [24:61] – the Verse. He-asws said: ‘There is no blame on you regarding what you eat and consume from what you possess its keys for as long as you do not spoil it’.[61]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَوْ ما مَلَكْتُمْ مَفاتِحَهُ قَالَ الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ لَهُ وَكِيلٌ يَقُومُ فِي مَالِهِ فَيَأْكُلُ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from the one who mentioned it,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: or (houses) you possess the keys to [24:61], he-asws said: ‘The man who happens to have a representative for him standing among his wealth, so he eats without his permission’.[62]
عنه، عن أبيه، عن حماد بن عيسى، عن حسين بن المختار، عن أبى أسامة، عن أبى عبد الله (ع) في قوله عزوجل: ” ليس عليكم جناح، الآية ” قال: باذن وبغير إذن
From him, from his father, from Hamaad Bin Isa, from Husayn Bin Al Mukhtar, from Abu Asama,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of the Mighty and Majestic: There isn’t a blame upon you if you [24:61] – the Verse. The Imam-asws said: ‘With or without permission’.[63]
عنه، عن ابن سنان وصفوان بن يحيى، عن عبد الله بن سنان أو ابن مسكان، عن محمد الحلبي قال سألت أبا عبد الله (ع) عن هذه الآية ” ليس عليكم جناح أن تأكلوا من بيوتكم أو بيوت آبائكم، إلى آخر الآية ” قلت: ما يعنى بقوله ” أو صديقكم “؟ – قال: هو والله الرجل يدخل بيت صديقه فيأكل بغير إذنه
From him, from Ibn Sinan and Safwan Bin Yahya, from Abdullah Bin Sinan or Ibn Muskan, from Muhammad Al Halby who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about this verse: There isn’t a blame . . . . [24:61] nor upon yourselves if you were to eat from your houses or houses of your fathers – up to the end of the Verse. I said, ‘What is the Meaning of His-azwj Words: or (houses of) your friends?’ He-asws said: ‘By Allah-azwj! He is the man who enters the house of his friend, so he eats without his permission’.[64]
ابن بابويه: عن أبيه، قال: حدثنا سعد بن عبد الله، عن محمد بن الحسين، عن محمد بن الفضيل، عن أبي الصباح، قال: سألت أبا جعفر (عليه السلام) عن قول الله عز و جل: فَإِذا دَخَلْتُمْ بُيُوتاً فَسَلِّمُوا عَلى أَنْفُسِكُمْ الآية، قال: «هو تسليم الرجل على أهل البيت حين يدخل، ثم يردون عليه، فهو سلامكم على أنفسكم
Ibn Babuwayh, from his father, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Muhammad Bin Al Fazeyl, from Abu Al Sabah who said,
‘I asked Abu Ja’far-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: So when you enter houses, then greet upon yourselves [24:61] – the Verse. He-asws said: ‘The greeting of the man upon the people of the house when he enters, then they return (the greeting) to him, so it is your greeting upon your own selves’.[65]
علي بن إبراهيم، قال: و في رواية أبي الجارود، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام) يقول: «إذا دخل الرجل منكم بيته، فإن كان فيه أحد، يسلم عليهم، و إن لم يكن فيه أحد، فليقل: السلام علينا من عند ربنا، يقول الله:تَحِيَّةً مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ مُبارَكَةً طَيِّبَةً
Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘And in a report of Abu Al Jaroud,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘When the man from among you enters his own house, so if there was someone in it, he should greet him, and if there is no one in it, so he should say, ‘Peace be upon us from the Presence of our Lord-azwj’. Allah-azwj is Saying: being a salutation from the Presence of Allah, Blessed, Good [24:61]’.[66]
(كشف الغمة): قال عبد الله بن الوليد: قال لنا الباقر (عليه السلام) يوما: «أ يدخل أحدكم يده كم صاحبه، فيأخذ ما يريد؟». قلنا: لا. قال: «فلستم إخوانا كما تزعمون
In Kashf Al Ghummah – Abdullah Bin Al Waleed said,
‘One day Al-Baqir-asws said to us: ‘Does one of you enter his hand in the sleeve (pocket) of your brother and take whatsoever he wants to?’ We said, ‘No’. He-asws said: ‘So you are not brothers as you all alleging to be’.[67]
VERSE 62
إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَإِذَا كَانُوا مَعَهُ عَلَىٰ أَمْرٍ جَامِعٍ لَمْ يَذْهَبُوا حَتَّىٰ يَسْتَأْذِنُوهُ ۚ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَكَ أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ۚ فَإِذَا اسْتَأْذَنُوكَ لِبَعْضِ شَأْنِهِمْ فَأْذَنْ لِمَنْ شِئْتَ مِنْهُمْ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمُ اللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ {62}
But rather, the Mominoun are those who believe in Allah and His Rasool, and whenever they were with him on a collective matter, they do not go away until they seek his permission. Surely those who are seeking your permission, they are those who believe in Allah and His Rasool. So when they seek your permission for some of their occupations, then give permission to ones you like to from them, and seek Forgiveness of Allah for them, surely Allah is Forgiving, Merciful [24:62]
وعنه، في قوله تعالى: فَإِذَا اسْتَأْذَنُوكَ لِبَعْضِ شَأْنِهِمْ فَأْذَنْ لِمَنْ شِئْتَ مِنْهُمْ، قال: نزلت في حنظلة بن أبي عياش و ذلك أنه تزوج في الليلة التي في صبيحتها حرب احد، فاستأذن رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) أن يقيم عند أهله، فأنزل الله هذه الآية فَأْذَنْ لِمَنْ شِئْتَ مِنْهُمْ، فأقام عند أهله
And from him (Ali Bin Ibrahim) said,
Regarding the Words of the Exalted: So when they seek your permission for some of their occupations, then give permission to ones you like to from them [24:62], said, ‘It was Revealed regarding Hanzala Bin Abu Ayyash, and that he got married on the night before one of the wars. So Rasool-Allah-saww permitted him to stay with his family. Thus, Allah-azwj Revealed this Verse: then give permission to ones you like to from them [24:62]. So he stayed with his family.
ثم أصبح و هو جنب، فحضر القتال، و استشهد، فقال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): «رأيت الملائكة تغسل حنظلة بماء المزن في صحائف فضة، بين السماء و الأرض» فكان يسمى غسيل الملائكة
Then, in the morning he was in need of major ablution, but (still) presented himself for the fighting, and was martyred. So Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘I-saww saw the Angels washing Hanzala with the water of the clouds in silver sheets, in between the sky and the earth’. So he was named as ‘One who was washed by the Angels’’.[68]
VERSES 63 & 64
لَا تَجْعَلُوا دُعَاءَ الرَّسُولِ بَيْنَكُمْ كَدُعَاءِ بَعْضِكُمْ بَعْضًا ۚ قَدْ يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ يَتَسَلَّلُونَ مِنْكُمْ لِوَاذًا ۚ فَلْيَحْذَرِ الَّذِينَ يُخَالِفُونَ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ أَنْ تُصِيبَهُمْ فِتْنَةٌ أَوْ يُصِيبَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ {63}
Do not make the calling to the Rasool between you like your calling each other. Allah has Known those who sneak out from you stealthily, therefore let those who are opposing his orders beware of a Fitna afflicting them or a painful Punishment befalling them [24:63]
أَلَا إِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ قَدْ يَعْلَمُ مَا أَنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ وَيَوْمَ يُرْجَعُونَ إِلَيْهِ فَيُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِمَا عَمِلُوا ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ {64}
Indeed! Surely for Allah is whatever is in the skies and the earth! He has Known what you are upon, and the day you will be returning to him, so He will be Informing them with what they had done, and Allah is a Knower of all things [24:64]
السيد الرضي في كتاب (المناقب الفاخرة في العترة الطاهرة)، قال: أخبرنا أبو منصور زيد بن طاهر، و بشار البصري، قالا: قدم علينا بواسط أبو الحسين محمد بن يعقوب الحافظ، قال: حدثنا أبو بكر محمد بن عدي، عن محمد بن علي الأيلي، عن أحمد بن محمد بن سعيد، عن عبد الله بن محمد بن أبي مريم، عن أبيه محمد بن علي، عن أبيه، عن الحسين بن علي، عن امه فاطمة الزهراء سيدة نساء العالمين (عليهما السلام)، قالت: «علي سيدي (صلوات الله و سلامه عليه) قرأ هذه الآية: لا تَجْعَلُوا دُعاءَ الرَّسُولِ بَيْنَكُمْ كَدُعاءِ بَعْضِكُمْ بَعْضاً
Al Syed Al Razy in the book Al Manaqib Al Fakhira Fi Al Itrat Al Tahira, said, ‘Abu Mansour Zayd Bin Tahir narrated to us, and Bashaar Al Basry, from Wasit Abu Al Husayn Muhammad Bin Yaqoub Al Hafiz, from Abu Bakr Muhammad Bin Udayy, from Muhammad Bin Ali Al Ayli, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Saeed, from Abdullah Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Maryam,
(It has been narrated) from his father-asws Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws from his-asws father-asws, from Al-Husayn-asws Bin Ali-asws, from his-asws mother-asws Fatima Al-Zahra-asws Chieftess of the women of the Worlds. She-asws said: ‘Ali-asws, my-asws Chief recited this Verse: Do not make the calling to the Rasool between you like your calling each other [24:63].
قالت فاطمة- فجئت النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله) أن أقول له: يا أباه، فجعلت أقول: يا رسول الله. فأقبل علي، و قال: يا بنية، لم تنزل فيك و لا في أهلك من قبل، قال: أنت مني، و أنا منك، و إنما نزلت في أهل الجفاء، و إن قولك: يا أباه، أحب إلى قلبي، و أرضى للرب
(Syeda) Fatima-asws said: ‘So I-asws came to the Prophet-saww and said to him-saww: ‘O father-saww!’ And I-asws went on to say: ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww!’ So he-saww turned towards me-asws and said: ‘O daughter-asws! It was neither Revealed regarding you-asws, nor regarding your-asws family-asws from before. I-saww am from you-asws and you-asws are from me-saww. But rather, it was Revealed regarding the rude people. And your-asws saying: ‘O father-saww’ is more beloved to my-saww heart, and more Pleasing to the Lord-azwj’.[69]
وعنه، قال: و في رواية أبي الجارود: عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، في قوله: لا تَجْعَلُوا دُعاءَ الرَّسُولِ بَيْنَكُمْ كَدُعاءِ بَعْضِكُمْ بَعْضاً قال: «يقول: لا تقولوا يا محمد، و لا يا أبا القاسم، و لكن قولوا: يا نبي الله، و يا رسول الله، قال الله: فَلْيَحْذَرِ الَّذِينَ يُخالِفُونَ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ أي يعصون أمره أَنْ تُصِيبَهُمْ فِتْنَةٌ أَوْ يُصِيبَهُمْ عَذابٌ أَلِيمٌ
And from him (Ali Bin Ibrahim) who said, ‘And in a report of Abu Al Jaroud,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws regarding His-azwj Words: Do not make the calling to the Rasool between you like your calling each other [24:63], he-asws said: ‘He-azwj is Saying: “Do not be saying, ‘O Muhammad-saww, or O Abu Al-Qasim-saww, but say, ‘O Prophet-saww of Allah-azwj’, or, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww’. Allah-azwj Says: therefore let those who are opposing his orders beware of a Fitna afflicting them or a painful Punishment befalling them [24:63]’.[70]
سَهْلٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ (عليه السلام) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَلْيَحْذَرِ الَّذِينَ يُخالِفُونَ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ أَنْ تُصِيبَهُمْ فِتْنَةٌ أَوْ يُصِيبَهُمْ عَذابٌ أَلِيمٌ قَالَ فِتْنَةٌ فِي دِينِهِ أَوْ جِرَاحَةٌ لَا يَأْجُرُهُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهَا
Sahl, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Hameed, from yunus, from Abdul A’ala who said:
I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj: therefore let those who are opposing his orders beware of a Fitna afflicting them or a painful Punishment befalling them [24:63]. Imam-asws said: ‘A Fitna in his Religion or an injury Allah-azwj does not Reward upon’.[71]
عَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ حَسَّانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَلِيٍّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ لَا تَذْكُرُوا سِرَّنَا بِخِلَافِ عَلَانِيَتِنَا وَ لَا عَلَانِيَتَنَا بِخِلَافِ سِرِّنَا حَسْبُكُمْ أَنْ تَقُولُوا مَا نَقُولُ وَ تَصْمُتُوا عَمَّا نَصْمُتُ إِنَّكُمْ قَدْ رَأَيْتُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَمْ يَجْعَلْ لِأَحَدٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ فِي خِلَافِنَا خَيْراً إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ فَلْيَحْذَرِ الَّذِينَ يُخالِفُونَ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ أَنْ تُصِيبَهُمْ فِتْنَةٌ أَوْ يُصِيبَهُمْ عَذابٌ أَلِيمٌ
From him, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al-Hakam, from Hassaan, from Abu Ali who said:
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘Do not mention our-asws secrets opposite to what we-asws say publicly, and do not publicise us-asws opposite to our-asws secrets. It suffices for you all that you should say what we-asws say, and remain silent about what we have observed silence on. You have seen that Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic have never Kept any good for anyone from the people in opposition to us-asws. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Says: therefore let those who are opposing his orders beware of a Fitna afflicting them or a painful Punishment befalling them [24:63]’’.[72]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ اشْتَرَيْتُ إِبِلًا وَ أَنَا بِالْمَدِينَةِ مُقِيمٌ فَأَعْجَبَنِي إِعْجَاباً شَدِيداً فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْأَوَّلِ ( عليه السلام ) فَذَكَرْتُهَا لَهُ فَقَالَ مَا لَكَ وَ لِلْإِبِلِ أَ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّهَا كَثِيرَةُ الْمَصَائِبِ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Husayn Bin Umar Bin Yazeed, from his father who said,
‘I bought a camel and I was staying at Al-Medina, so it fascinated me with an intense fascination. So I went over to Abu Al-Hassan-asws and mentioned it to him-asws. So he-asws said: ‘What is it to you and the camel? But, do you not know that it is with a lot of difficulties?’
قَالَ فَمِنْ إِعْجَابِي بِهَا أَكْرَيْتُهَا وَ بَعَثْتُ بِهَا مَعَ غِلْمَانٍ لِي إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ قَالَ فَسَقَطَتْ كُلُّهَا فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ فَقَالَ فَلْيَحْذَرِ الَّذِينَ يُخالِفُونَ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ أَنْ تُصِيبَهُمْ فِتْنَةٌ أَوْ يُصِيبَهُمْ عَذابٌ أَلِيمٌ
He (the narrator) said, ‘So, from my fascination with it, I hired it out and sent two slaves of mine with it to Al-Kufa. But all of it was fruitless. So I went over to him-asws and informed him-asws, and he-asws said: ‘therefore let those who are opposing his orders beware of a Fitna afflicting them or a painful Punishment befalling them [24:63]’.[73]
قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَزَارِيُّ مُعَنْعَناً عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ مِنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ [تَعَالَى] فَلْيَحْذَرِ الَّذِينَ يُخالِفُونَ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ أَنْ تُصِيبَهُمْ فِتْنَةٌ أَوْ يُصِيبَهُمْ عَذابٌ أَلِيمٌ قَالَ الْفِتْنَةُ الْكُفَّارُ قَالَ يَا أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ حَدِّثْنِي فِيمَنْ [فِيمَا] نَزَلَتْ
(Furat) said, ‘It was narrated to me by Ja’far Bin Muhammad Al Fazary Ma’nana –
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws regarding this Verse from the Words of Allah-azwj the Exalted: therefore let those who are opposing his orders beware of a Fitna afflicting them or a painful Punishment befalling them [24:63]. He (the narrator) said, ‘O Abu Ja’far-asws! Narrate to me, regarding who was it Revealed?’
قَالَ نَزَلَتْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ جَرَى مِثْلُهَا مِنَ النَّبِيِّ [ص] فِي الْأَوْصِيَاءِ فِي طَاعَتِهِمْ
He-asws said: ‘It was Revealed regarding Rasool-Allah-saww, and the like of it flows from the Prophet-saww into the successors-asws with regards to their-asws obedience’’.[74]
[1] تفسير القمّي 2: 103.
[2] تأويل الآيات 1: 362/ 8
[3] تأويل الآيات 1: 362/ 10.
[4] تأويل الآيات 1: 362/ 9.
[5] لم يرد في مشارق أنوار اليقين، و أخرجه ابن شاذان في الفضائل: 103.
[6] Tafseer Abu Hamza Al Sumaly – Hadeeth No. 211
[7] Tafseer Abu Hamza Al Sumaly – Hadeeth No. 212
[8] تأويل الآيات 2: 2: 693/ 3
[9] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 4 H 8
[10] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 54 H 21
[11] Taweel Al Ayaat Al Zaahira – H 12
[12] مناقب ابن شهر آشوب 2: 382.
[13] الاختصاص: 190
[14] الكافي 1: 151/ 5
[15] تفسير القمي 2: 106.
[16] تأويل الآيات 1: 365/ 15
[17] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Merits of the Quran CH 13 H 21 (Extract)
[18] التوحيد: 282/ 10
[19] التوحيد: 280/ 6.
[20] التوحيد: 281/ 9.
[21] الكافي 8: 340/ ذيل ح 326.
[22] تفسير الصافي، ج3، ص: 440
[23] تفسير الصافي، ج3، ص: 440
[24] تفسير الصافي، ج3، ص: 440
[25] تفسير القمّي 2: 107.
[26] تفسير القمّي 1: 199. (Extract)
[27] تفسير القمّي 1: 309.
[28] الكافي 1: 161/ 3 (Extract)
[29] (معاني الأخبار: 32/ 2، شواهد التنزيل 1: 61/ 96)
[30] Tafseer Noor Al Saqalayn – CH 1 – H 104
[31] تأويل الآيات 1: 367/ 18.
[32] تفسير القمّي 2: 107
[33] تأويل الآيات 1: 367/ 19.
[34] تأويل الآيات 1: 368/ 20.
[35] كمال الدين و تمام النعمة: 654/ 22.
[36] تفسير نور الثقلين، ج3، ص: 616 – H 216
[37] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Divine Authority CH 12 H 3
[38] الكافي 1: 149/ 1.
[39] الغيبة: 240/ 35، ينابيع المودة: 426.
[40] الغيبة: 276/ 56
[41] تأويل الآيات 1: 368/ 221.
[42] الاحتجاج: 256
[43] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Divine Authority CH 41 H 7
[44] مجمع البيان 7: 239، و ذيل الحديث في الفصول المهمة: 294، و منتخب كنز العمال 6: 30.
[45] Tafseer Noor Al Saqalayn – H 73
[46] مائة منقبة: 125 منقبة 59.
[47] الكافي 3: 506/ 23
[48] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Divine Authority CH 108 H 87
[49] الكافي 5: 529/ 2.
[50] الكافي 5: 530/ 3.
[51] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Marriage Ch 164 H 4
[52] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Marriage Ch 164 H 1
[53] الكافي 5: 522/ 1
[54] التهذيب 7: 467/ 1871.
[55] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Marriage Ch 156 H 4
[56] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Marriage Ch 147 H 2
[57] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Marriage Ch 156 H 3
[58] تفسير القمي 2: 108
[59] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Foodstuffs Ch 31 H 2
[60] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Foodstuffs Ch 31 H 3
[61] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Foodstuffs Ch 31 H 4
[62] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Foodstuffs Ch 31 H 5
[63] Al Mahaasin – V 2 Bk 3 H 171
[64] Al Mahaasin – V 2 Bk 3 H 172
[65] معاني الأخبار: 162/ 1.
[66] تفسير القمّي 2: 109
[67] كشف الغمة 2: 118.
[68] تفسير القمّي 2: 110
[69] مناقب المغازلي: 364/ 411.
[70] تفسير القمّي 2: 110.
[71] Al Kafi – V 8 H 14729
[72] Al Kafi – V 8 H 14499
[73] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Domenstic Animals Ch 4 H 7
[74] تفسير فرات الكوفي، ص: 291 – H 392