Summary:
There is a general consensus among all Muslim sects that the ‘music and singing’ are forbidden in Islam, but to what extent? That remains unresolved for centuries – as most Muslims have taken a ‘soft’ approach towards ‘music and singing’, considering it lawful if played under certain limits and for specific purposes. Some Muslims say that Prophet Dawood-as (David) was given a beautiful voice and he used to seek forgiveness (for his-as nation) by reciting verses, some even allege him playing flute and/or singing while praying and preaching[1]. However, most of the Muslims, reject this stance and believe that singing and music is forbidden in Islam.
The recitation, without music, with a tune, poses another problem for some as when the Holy Quran, Praise of Allah-azwj (Hamd) and His Prophet-saww (Naat), and eulogies/latmiya are recited by a vocalist, some consider it to be also part of ‘الغناء’ (singing). An attempt is made in the article to clarify and better understand these issues, with the help of some Ahadith of Masomeen-asws.
Introduction:
The believers are supposed to be in the remembrance of Allah-azwj, doing the zikr under all situations and never wasting time and energy on playful and/or lustful activities.
وعنه: عن الحسين بن محمد، عن معلى بن محمد، و عدة من أصحابنا، عن أحمد بن محمد جميعا، عن الحسن بن علي الوشاء، عن داود بن سرحان، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: «قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): من أكثر ذكر الله عز و جل أحبه الله، و من ذكر الله كثيرا كتبت له براءتان: براءة من النار، و براءة من النفاق».
And from him, from Al-Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moala Bin Muhammad, and a number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad altogether, from Al-Hassan Bin Al-Al-Washa, from Dawood Bin Sarhaan,
Abu Abdullah-asws says that Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The one who frequents in Zikr of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, Allah-azwj Loves him. And the one who does Zikr of Allah-azwj frequently, two freedoms would be Written for him – Freedom from the Fire, and the freedom from the hypocrisy’.[2]
مِنْ كِتَابِ الْمَحَاسِنِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَزَّازِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي حَدِيثٍ قَالَ: أَ لَا أُحَدِّثُكُمْ بِأَشَدِّ مَا افْتَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ فَذَكَرَ لَهُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَشْيَاءَ الثَّالِثُ مِنْهَا ذِكْرُ اللَّهِ فِي كُلِّ مَوْطِنٍ إِذَا هَجَمَ عَلَى طَاعَةٍ أَوْ مَعْصِيَةٍ.
In Al-Mahasin it is narrated that Hassan al-Baz’zaz narrated that
Imam Sadiq-asws said: “Do you want me to inform you about the hardest duties Allah-azwj has Made incumbent upon His-azwj servants?” He-asws then discussed three duties, the third of which was to always remember Allah-azwj, whether we are rushing to obey Him-azwj, or we are committing sins.”[3]
عن ابن يعقوب قال: قال لي أبو عبد الله عليه السلام لا يَغُرنَّك الناس مِن نفسك فإنَّ الأمر يصل إليك مِن دونهم، ولا تقطع نهارك بكذا وكذا فإنّ معك مَن يحفظ عليك، ولا تستقلَّ قليل الخير فإنّك تراه غداً بحيث يسرّك، ولا تستقلّ قليل الشرّ فإنّك تراه غداً بحيث يسوؤك، وأحسِن فإنّي لم أرَ شيئاً أشدّ طلباً، ولا أحسنُ دركاً مِن حسنةٍ مُحدثةٍ لذنبٍ قديم، إنّ الله I يقول: ]إنَّ الْحَسَناتِ يُذْهِبْنَ الْسَّيئاتِ ذلِكَ ذِكْرى لِلْذَّاكِرينَ[.
Ibn Ya’qub narrated that:
Imam Sadiq-asws said: “Let not the people make you forget about yourself since you, not they, will get the results of your own deeds.
Do not let your time be wasted, since there is an angel with you who is watching over you. Do not underestimate your minor good deeds, since you will be pleased to see their results in the future. Do not underestimate your minor bad deeds either since you will be upset to see their results in the Hereafter. Perform good deeds since I-asws have not seen anything more desirable than them and know of nothing that is better than good deeds to compensate for previous sins, as Allah-azwj Said: ‘For those things that are good remove those that are evil; be that the word of remembrance to those who remember (their Lord).” [The Holy Quran: Hud 11:114].[4]
What are the time wasting and playful activities? There are many, among those which are prevalent in our society and are the most overlooked are the music and singing. Some Ahadith are cited in order to have a better understanding of the severity of the consequences if one is ever to get engaged in these.
The first one who Embraced Music and Signing:
عَنْهُ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) لَمَّا مَاتَ آدَمُ ( عليه السلام ) وَ شَمِتَ بِهِ إِبْلِيسُ وَ قَابِيلُ فَاجْتَمَعَا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَجَعَلَ إِبْلِيسُ وَ قَابِيلُ الْمَعَازِفَ وَ الْمَلَاهِيَ شَمَاتَةً بِآدَمَ ( عليه السلام ) فَكُلُّ مَا كَانَ فِي الْأَرْضِ مِنْ هَذَا الضَّرْبِ الَّذِي يَتَلَذَّذُ بِهِ النَّاسُ فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنْ ذَاكَ .
From him, from Suleyman Bin Sama’at, from Abdullah Bin Al Qasim, from Sama’at who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘When Adam-as passed away and Iblees-la and Qabeel-la both rejoiced over it, and they both-la gathered in the earth. So Iblees-la and Qabeel-la made the amusements and the musical instruments as a gloating over Adam-as. Thus, everything what was in the earth from this, the striking of which the people can get (false) pleasure with it, so rather it would be from that’.[5]
One should not sit with the one who is singing:
وسألته عن الرجل يتعمد الغناء يجلس إليه ؟ قال: لا.
And I asked him-asws about the man who deliberates the singing, can one be seated to him?’ He-asws said: ‘No’.[6] (An extract from a long Hadith)
Allah-azwj Says:
لَا يَسْمَعُونَ فِيهَا لَغْوًا وَلَا تَأْثِيمًا {25} إِلَّا قِيلًا سَلَامًا سَلَامًا {26}
[56:25] They shall not hear therein vain or sinful discourse [56:26] Except the word peace, peace
في تفسير على بن ابراهيم وقوله: لا يسمعون فيها لغوا ولا تأثيما قال: الفحش والكذب والغنا،
In the commentary of Ali Bin Ibrahim –
And His-azwj Statement [56:25] They shall not hear therein vain or sinful discourse, he-asws said: ‘The obscenities, and the lies, and the music.’[7]
The recitation of the Holy Quran as ‘الْغِنَاءِ’ is Disliked:
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْأَحْمَرِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) اقْرَءُوا الْقُرْآنَ بِأَلْحَانِ الْعَرَبِ وَ أَصْوَاتِهَا وَ إِيَّاكُمْ وَ لُحُونَ أَهْلِ الْفِسْقِ وَ أَهْلِ الْكَبَائِرِ فَإِنَّهُ سَيَجِيءُ مِنْ بَعْدِي أَقْوَامٌ يُرَجِّعُونَ الْقُرْآنَ تَرْجِيعَ الْغِنَاءِ وَ النَّوْحِ وَ الرَّهْبَانِيَّةِ لَا يَجُوزُ تَرَاقِيَهُمْ قُلُوبُهُمْ مَقْلُوبَةٌ وَ قُلُوبُ مَنْ يُعْجِبُهُ شَأْنُهُمْ .
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Ibrahim Al Ahmad, from Abdullah Bin Hammad, from Abdulla Bin Sinan,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Recite the Quran with the tone of the Arabs and their voices; and beware of the immoral people and the people (committing) major sins, for there would be coming a group of people after me-saww, they would be repeating (Verses) of the Quran like the repetition of the songs, and the lamentations, and the monks, not exceeding their throats. Their hearts would be inverted along with the hearts of the ones amazed by their affair’.[8]
Vanities Implies as fiction (stories):
وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ عَنِ اللَّغْوِ مُعْرِضُونَ {3}
And those who are turning away from the vanities [23:3]
قال: و قوله: الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَنِ اللَّغْوِ مُعْرِضُونَ يعني عن الغناء و الملاهي.
(Ali Bin Ibrahim) said, ‘And regarding His-azwj Words: And those who are turning away from the vanities [23:3], he-asws said: ‘It Means, from the singing and the musical instruments’.[9]
وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَيَتَّخِذَهَا هُزُوًا ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ {6}
And from the people there is one who buys amusing discourse in order to lead astray from the Way of Allah without knowledge, and he takes it as a mockery. These, for them would be an abasing Punishment [31:6]
وعنه: عن علي بن إبراهيم، عن أبيه، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن علي بن إسماعيل، عن ابن مسكان، عن محمد بن مسلم، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: سمعته يقول: «الغناء مما وعد الله عز و جل عليه النار». و تلا هذه الآية: وَ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَ يَتَّخِذَها هُزُواً أُولئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذابٌ مُهِينٌ.
And from him, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, form his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Ali Bin Ismail, from Ibn Muskaan, from Muhammad Bin Muslim, who says:
‘I heard Abu Ja’far-asws saying: ‘The singing is from what Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Prepared the Fire for’. And he-asws recited this Verse: And from the people there is one who buys amusing discourse in order to lead astray from the Way of Allah without knowledge, and he takes it as a mockery. These, for them would be an abasing Punishment [31:6]’.[10]
الزمخشري في (ربيع الأبرار): عن أبي أمامة، قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): «لا يحل تعليم المغنيات، و لا بيعهن، و لا شراؤهن، و لا التجارة فيهن، و ثمنهن حرام، و ما أنزلت علي هذه الآية إلا في مثل هذا الحديث: وَ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ».
Al-Zamakhshary, in Rabi’e Al-Abraar, from Abu Amamat who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘It is not Permissible to teach the singing, nor buying them (singers), nor selling them, nor the business regarding them, and their dealing is Prohibited. And this verse was not Revealed unto me-saww except for the like of this talk: And from the people there is one who buys amusing discourse in order to lead astray from the Way of Allah [31:6]’.
ثم قال: «و الذي بعثني بالحق، ما رفع رجل عقيرة صوته بالغناء إلا بعث الله تعالى عليه عند ذلك شيطانين: على هذا العاتق واحد، و على هذا العاتق واحد، يضربان بأرجلهما في صدره، حتى يكون هو الذي يسكت».
Then he-saww said: ‘By the One-azwj Who Sent me-saww with the Truth, a man does not raise his voice with the singing except that Allah-azwj the Exalted Sends two Satans during that – one upon this shoulder, and one upon that shoulder, both striking with their two feet upon his chest, until he becomes quiet’.[11]
‘Vanities’ also implies as wasteful activities (including music/singing):
فَذَرْهُمْ يَخُوضُوا وَيَلْعَبُوا حَتَّىٰ يُلَاقُوا يَوْمَهُمُ الَّذِي يُوعَدُونَ {42}
So leave them engaging in vanities and playing around until they meet their Day which they are Promised [70:42]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَنْبَسَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ اسْتِمَاعُ الْغِنَاءِ وَ اللَّهْوِ يُنْبِتُ النِّفَاقَ فِي الْقَلْبِ كَمَا يُنْبِتُ الْمَاءُ الزَّرْعَ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, form Ibn Mahboub, from Anbasa,
Abu Abdullah-asws has said: ‘Listening to the singing (music) and the vanities grow the hypocrisy in the heart just as the water grows the plantation’.[12]
When a ‘Momin’ listens to the Music:
العياشي: عن الحسن بن محبوب، عن أبي ولاد، قال: قلت لأبي عبد الله (عليه السلام): جعلت فداك، إن رجلا من أصحابنا ورعا مسلما كثير الصلاة، قد ابتلي بحب اللهو، و هو يسمع الغناء؟
Al-Ayyashi, from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Abu Walad who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! A man from our companions, a devout Muslim, frequent of the Salat, has been tempted with love of the desires, and he listens to the music (songs)?’
فقال: «أ يمنعه ذلك من الصلاة لوقتها، أو من صوم، أو من عبادة مريض، أو حضور جنازة، أو زيارة أخ؟»
So he-asws said: ‘Does that prevent him from the Salat at its time, or from Fasting, or from consoling a sick person, or attending a funeral, or visiting a brother (Momin)?’
قال: قلت: لا، ليس يمنعه ذلك من شيء من الخير و البر. قال: فقال: «هذا من خطوات الشيطان، مغفور له ذلك إن شاء الله».
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘No, that doesn’t prevent him from anything from the (acts of) goodness or righteousness’. He-asws said: ‘This is from the footsteps of the satan-la. That would be Forgiven for him, if Allah-azwj so Desires’.
ثم قال: «إن طائفة من الملائكة عابوا ولد آدم في اللذات و الشهوات، أعني لكم الحلال ليس الحرام،- قال- فأنف الله للمؤمنين من ولد آدم من تعيير الملائكة لهم- قال- فألقى الله في هم أولئك الملائكة اللذات و الشهوات، كيلا يعيبوا المؤمنين-
Then he-asws said: ‘A group of Angels reproached the son of Adam-as regarding the pleasures and the desires, meaning for you the Permissible, not the Prohibited ones’. So Allah-azwj Disdained for the Momineen from the children of Adam from the faulting of the Angels to them, and He-azwj Cast in the minds of those Angels, the pleasures and the desires, lest they fault the Momineen.
قال- فلما جرى ذلك في همهم، عجوا إلى الله من ذلك، فقالوا: ربنا عفوك عفوك، ردنا إلى ما خلقتنا له و اخترتنا عليه، فإنا نخاف أن نصير في أمر مريج- قال- فنزع الله ذلك من همهم-
He-asws said: ‘So when that flowed into their thoughts, they clamoured to Allah-azwj from that and they said, ‘Our Lord-azwj! Your-azwj Pardon! Your-azwj Pardon! Return us to what You-azwj had Created us and Keep us to be upon him for we fear being patient upon confusing matters’. He-asws said: ‘So Allah-azwj Removed that from their thoughts’.
قال- فإذا كان يوم القيامة، و صار أهل الجنة في الجنة، استأذن أولئك الملائكة على أهل الجنة، فيؤذن لهم، فيدخلون عليهم فيسلمون عليهم، و يقولون لهم: سَلامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ بِما صَبَرْتُمْ في الدنيا عن اللذات و الشهوات الحلال».
He-asws said: ‘So when it would be the Day of Judgment, and the people of the Paradise come to be in the Paradise, those Angels would seek permission upon the inhabitants of the Paradise. So they would permit for them and they would be entering to meet them and they would be greeting them and they would be saying to them: Greetings be upon you due to your having been patient Greetings be upon you due to your having been patient [13:24], in the world, from the pleasures and the Permissible desires’’.[13]
‘الْغِنَاءُ’ (Music) in ‘فَاجْتَنِبُوا الرِّجْسَ مِنَ الْأَوْثانِ وَ اجْتَنِبُوا قَوْلَ الزُّورِ’ (22:30) :
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَاجْتَنِبُوا الرِّجْسَ مِنَ الْأَوْثانِ وَ اجْتَنِبُوا قَوْلَ الزُّورِ قَالَ الْغِنَاءُ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Yahya Bin Al Mubarak, from Abdullah Bin Jabala, from Sama’at Bin Mihran, from Abu Baseer who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic [22:30] therefore avoid the uncleanness of the idols and avoid the false words’. He-asws said: ‘The singing (music)’.[14]
عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ عَنْ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ الْغِنَاءُ عُشُّ النِّفَاقِ .
From him, from Muhammad Bin Ali, from Abu Jameela, from Abu Asma,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The singing is a nest for the hypocrisy’.[15]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنِ الْغِنَاءِ وَ قُلْتُ إِنَّهُمْ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) رَخَّصَ فِي أَنْ يُقَالَ جِئْنَاكُمْ جِئْنَاكُمْ حَيُّونَا حَيُّونَا نُحَيِّكُمْ فَقَالَ كَذَبُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ وَ ما خَلَقْنَا السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ وَ ما بَيْنَهُما لاعِبِينَ لَوْ أَرَدْنا أَنْ نَتَّخِذَ لَهْواً لَاتَّخَذْناهُ مِنْ لَدُنَّا إِنْ كُنَّا فاعِلِينَ. بَلْ نَقْذِفُ بِالْحَقِّ عَلَى الْباطِلِ فَيَدْمَغُهُ فَإِذا هُوَ زاهِقٌ وَ لَكُمُ الْوَيْلُ مِمَّا تَصِفُونَ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazzal, from Yunus Bin Yaqoub, from Abdul A’ala who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about ‘الْغِنَاءِ’ the singing (music) and I said, ‘They (people) are claiming that Rasool-Allah-saww allowed the saying (singing) of, ‘We have come to you, we have come to you! Greet us, greet us, we will greet you’. So he-asws said:’ They are lying! Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying [21:16] And We did not Create the sky and the earth and what is between the two for sport [21:17] Had We Wanted to Take to a pass-time, We would have Taken it from before Ourselves had We wanted to Do (it) [21:18] But, We Cast the Truth against the falsehood, so that it breaks its head, and behold! It vanishes; and woe unto you for what you are describing’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ وَيْلٌ لِفُلَانٍ مِمَّا يَصِفُ رَجُلٌ لَمْ يَحْضُرِ الْمَجْلِسَ .
Then he-asws said: ‘Woe be unto so and so from what he described a man who was not present in the gathering’.[16]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ وَ أَبِي الصَّبَّاحِ الْكِنَانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ الَّذِينَ لا يَشْهَدُونَ الزُّورَ قَالَ هُوَ الْغِنَاءُ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Abu Ayoub, from Muhammad Bin Muslim, and Abu Al Sabbah Al Kinany, from:
Abu Abdullah-asws (said) regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic [25:72] And they who are not witnessing (attending) what is false. He-asws said: ‘It is ‘الْغِنَاءِ’ the singing (music)’.[17]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ الْغِنَاءُ مِمَّا وَعَدَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَيْهِ النَّارَ وَ تَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ وَ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَ يَتَّخِذَها هُزُواً أُولئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذابٌ مُهِينٌ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Ali Bin Ismail, from Ibn Muskan, from Muhammad Bin Muslim, the narrator says:
‘I heard Abu Ja’far-asws saying, ‘الْغِنَاءُ’ the singing (music) is from what Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Promised the Fire over it’, and he-asws recited this Verse [31:6] And from the people is one who buys amusing discourse to lead astray from Allah’s Way without knowledge, and to take it for a mockery; these shall have an abasing Punishment’.[18]
ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مِهْرَانَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ الْغِنَاءُ مِمَّا قَالَ اللَّهُ وَ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ .
Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Mihran Bin Muhammad,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I heard him-asws saying: ‘الْغِنَاءُ’ the singing (music) is from what Allah-azwj Said [31:6] And from the people is one who buys amusing discourse to lead astray from Allah’s Way’.[19]
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْخَزَّازِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي الصَّبَّاحِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ الَّذِينَ لا يَشْهَدُونَ الزُّورَ قَالَ الْغِنَاءُ .
Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Safwan, from Abu Ayoub Al Khazzaz, from Muhammad Bin Muslim, from Abu Al Sabbah, from:
Abu Abdullah-asws having said regarding the Words of the Mighty and Majestic [25:72] And they who are not witnessing (attending) what is false. He-asws said: ‘الْغِنَاءُ’ the singing (music)’.[20]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنِ الْغِنَاءِ فَقَالَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Al Washa who said,
‘I heard Abu Al-Hassan Al-Reza-asws saying: ‘Abu Abdullah-asws was asked about ‘الْغِنَاءِ’ the singing (music), so he-asws said: ‘These are the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic [31:6] And from the people is one who buys amusing discourse to lead astray from Allah’s Way’.[21]
A ‘Momin’ (believer) should Stay Away from those who sing/play music:
سَهْلُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جَنَاحٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْخَزَّازِ قَالَ نَزَلْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ فَأَتَيْنَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَقَالَ لَنَا أَيْنَ نَزَلْتُمْ فَقُلْنَا عَلَى فُلَانٍ صَاحِبِ الْقِيَانِ فَقَالَ كُونُوا كِرَاماً فَوَ اللَّهِ مَا عَلِمْنَا مَا أَرَادَ بِهِ وَ ظَنَنَّا أَنَّهُ يَقُولُ تَفَضَّلُوا عَلَيْهِ فَعُدْنَا إِلَيْهِ فَقُلْنَا إِنَّا لَا نَدْرِي مَا أَرَدْتَ بِقَوْلِكَ كُونُوا كِرَاماً فَقَالَ أَ مَا سَمِعْتُمْ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ وَ إِذا مَرُّوا بِاللَّغْوِ مَرُّوا كِراماً .
Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Saeed Bin Janaah, from Hammad, from Abu Ayoub Al Khazzaz who said,
‘We lodged at Al-Medina, so we went over to Abu Abdullah-asws, so he-asws said to us: ‘Where are you lodged at?’ So we said, ‘At so and so, the owner of the singing slave-girls’.
So he-asws said: ‘Be honourable’. So, by Allah-azwj, we did not know what he-asws intended by it, and we thought that he-asws was saying that we should be graceful to him. So we returned to him-asws, so we said, ‘We do not know what you-asws intended by your-asws words: ‘Be honourable’’. So he-asws said: ‘Have you all not hear the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic in His-azwj Book [25:72] and when they pass by what is vain, they pass by nobly’.[22]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ زِيَادٍ قَالَ كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَ أُمِّي إِنَّنِي أَدْخُلُ كَنِيفاً لِي وَ لِي جِيرَانٌ عِنْدَهُمْ جَوَارٍ يَتَغَنَّيْنَ وَ يَضْرِبْنَ بِالْعُودِ فَرُبَّمَا أَطَلْتُ الْجُلُوسَ اسْتِمَاعاً مِنِّي لَهُنَّ فَقَالَ لَا تَفْعَلْ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Haroun Bin Muslim, from Mas’ada Bin Ziyad who said,
‘I was in the presence of Abu Abdullah-asws, so a man said to him-asws, ‘May my father and my mother be sacrificed for you-asws! I entered a toilet of mine and for me is a neighbour with whom are slave girls who are singing and striking with the sticks. So Sometimes I prolong my sitting in order to listen to them’. So he-asws said: ‘Do not do it’.
فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ وَ اللَّهِ مَا آتِيهِنَّ إِنَّمَا هُوَ سَمَاعٌ أَسْمَعُهُ بِأُذُنِي فَقَالَ لِلَّهِ أَنْتَ أَ مَا سَمِعْتَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ إِنَّ السَّمْعَ وَ الْبَصَرَ وَ الْفُؤادَ كُلُّ أُولئِكَ كانَ عَنْهُ مَسْؤُلًا فَقَالَ بَلَى وَ اللَّهِ لَكَأَنِّي لَمْ أَسْمَعْ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ مِنْ أَعْجَمِيٍّ وَ لَا عَرَبِيٍّ لَا جَرَمَ أَنَّنِي لَا أَعُودُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَ أَنِّي أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ
So the man said, ‘By Allah-azwj! I do not go to them, but rather it is a sound which I hear with my ears’. So he-asws said; ‘For the Sake of Allah-azwj! You, have you not heard Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Saying [17:36] surely the hearing and the sight and the heart, all of these, shall be questioned about?’ So he said, ‘Yes, by Allah-azwj! But, it is as if I never heard this verse from the Book of Allah-azwj, from neither non-Arabs, nor Arabs. I would not be repeating it, Allah-azwj Willing and I seek Forgiveness of Allah-azwj’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ قُمْ فَاغْتَسِلْ وَ سَلْ مَا بَدَا لَكَ فَإِنَّكَ كُنْتَ مُقِيماً عَلَى أَمْرٍ عَظِيمٍ مَا كَانَ أَسْوَأَ حَالَكَ لَوْ مِتَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ احْمَدِ اللَّهَ وَ سَلْهُ التَّوْبَةَ مِنْ كُلِّ مَا يَكْرَهُ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَكْرَهُ إِلَّا كُلَّ قَبِيحٍ وَ الْقَبِيحَ دَعْهُ لِأَهْلِهِ فَإِنَّ لِكُلٍّ أَهْلًا .
So he-asws said to him: ‘Arise and wash, and ask whatever comes to you, for you are standing upon a great matter. How evil would your situation had been had you died upon that. Praise Allah-azwj and ask Him-asws for the repentance from everything which He-azwj Dislikes, for He-azwj does not Dislike except for every ugliness, and as for the ugliness, so leave it for its deserving ones, for everything there are deserving ones’.[23]
Those who play ‘clarinet’, drums and dance:
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَنْ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ بِنِعْمَةٍ فَجَاءَ عِنْدَ تِلْكَ النِّعْمَةِ بِمِزْمَارٍ فَقَدْ كَفَرَهَا وَ مَنْ أُصِيبَ بِمُصِيبَةٍ فَجَاءَ عِنْدَ تِلْكَ الْمُصِيبَةِ بِنَائِحَةٍ فَقَدْ كَفَرَهَا .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Salma Bin Al Khataab, from Ibrahim Bin Muhammad, from Imran al Za’frany,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The one whom Allah-azwj Favours with a Bounty, so he comes during that Bounty with a clarinet, so he has denied it; and the one who is hit by a difficulty, so he comes during to difficulty with a lamenter, so he has denied it’.[24]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) أَنْهَاكُمْ عَنِ الزَّفْنِ وَ الْمِزْمَارِ وَ عَنِ الْكُوبَاتِ وَ الْكَبَرَاتِ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny, from:
Abu Abdullah-asws has narrated that Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘I-saww hereby forbid you all from:
‘الزَّفْنِ وَ الْمِزْمَارِ وَ عَنِ الْكُوبَاتِ وَ الْكَبَرَاتِ’
The dancing and the clarinet, and the (musical) cups and the drums’.[25]
Condemnation of drumming:
عَنْهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْخَزَّازِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ كُلَيْبٍ الصَّيْدَاوِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ ضَرْبُ الْعِيدَانِ يُنْبِتُ النِّفَاقَ فِي الْقَلْبِ كَمَا يُنْبِتُ الْمَاءُ الْخُضْرَةَ .
From him, from Ali Bin Ma’bad, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Al Khazzaz, from Ali Bin Abdul Rahman, from Kuleyb Al Saydawi who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘Striking the two drumsticks grows the hypocrisy in the heart just as the water grows the vegetation’.[26]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَنْبَسَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ اسْتِمَاعُ الْغِنَاءِ وَ اللَّهْوِ يُنْبِتُ النِّفَاقَ فِي الْقَلْبِ كَمَا يُنْبِتُ الْمَاءُ الزَّرْعَ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, form Ibn Mahboub, from Anbasa, from:
Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Listening to the singing (music) and the vanities grow the hypocrisy in the heart just as the water grows the plantation’.[27]
State of a House where Music is played for 40 days:
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ إِنَّ شَيْطَاناً يُقَالُ لَهُ الْقَفَنْدَرُ إِذَا ضُرِبَ فِي مَنْزِلِ رَجُلٍ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً بِالْبَرْبَطِ وَ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ الرِّجَالُ وَضَعَ ذَلِكَ الشَّيْطَانُ كُلَّ عُضْوٍ مِنْهُ عَلَى مِثْلِهِ مِنْ صَاحِبِ الْبَيْتِ ثُمَّ نَفَخَ فِيهِ نَفْخَةً فَلَا يَغَارُ بَعْدَهَا حَتَّى تُؤْتَى نِسَاؤُهُ فَلَا يَغَارُ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Usman Bin Isa, from Is’haq Bin Jareyr who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘A devil called Al-Qafandar, whenever in the house of a man a flute is played for forty days, and men come over for it, that devil places every part of his upon a similar part of the owner of the house, then blows into him with a blowing, so he does not care after that until they (the other men) come on to his wives, so he does not care’.[28]
سَهْلُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى أَوْ غَيْرِهِ عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ الْمُسْتَرِقِّ قَالَ مَنْ ضُرِبَ فِي بَيْتِهِ بَرْبَطٌ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً سَلَّطَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ شَيْطَاناً يُقَالُ لَهُ الْقَفَنْدَرُ فَلَا يُبْقِي عُضْواً مِنْ أَعْضَائِهِ إِلَّا قَعَدَ عَلَيْهِ فَإِذَا كَانَ كَذَلِكَ نُزِعَ مِنْهُ الْحَيَاءُ وَ لَمْ يُبَالِ مَا قَالَ وَ لَا مَا قِيلَ فِيهِ .
Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from someone else, from Abu Dawood Al Mustaraq,
(He-asws): ‘The one who strikes a flute in his house for forty days, Allah-azwj would Cause a devil called Al-Qafandar to overcome him, so there would not remain a part from his body parts except that he (the devil) would sit upon it. So when it would be like that, the shame would be removed from him, and he would not care what he says, nor what is said in it’.[29]
Ruination of the Houses where music is played:
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي الْبِلَادِ عَنْ زَيْدٍ الشَّحَّامِ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) بَيْتُ الْغِنَاءِ لَا تُؤْمَنُ فِيهِ الْفَجِيعَةُ وَ لَا تُجَابُ فِيهِ الدَّعْوَةُ وَ لَا يَدْخُلُهُ الْمَلَكُ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, form Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Ibrahim Bin Abu Al Balaad, from Zayd Al Shahaam who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘The house of the singing (music), there is no safety in it from the calamities, nor are the supplications Answered in it, nor do the Angels enter into it’.[30]
عَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يُوسُفَ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ حَبِيبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لَا يُقَدِّسُ اللَّهُ أُمَّةً فِيهَا بَرْبَطٌ يُقَعْقِعُ وَ تَائِهٌ تُفَجِّعُ .
From him, from Ahmad Bin Yusuf Bin Aqeel, from his father, from Musa Bin Habeeb, from:
Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws has said: ‘Allah-azwj does not Sanctify a community in which there is clanging by the clarinets and its eulogies cause grief’.[31]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ جَهْمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَنَّى كُنْتَ فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ عَرَفَ الْمَوْضِعَ فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنِّي كُنْتُ مَرَرْتُ بِفُلَانٍ فَاحْتَبَسَنِي فَدَخَلْتُ إِلَى دَارِهِ وَ نَظَرْتُ إِلَى جَوَارِيهِ فَقَالَ لِي ذَلِكَ مَجْلِسٌ لَا يَنْظُرُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ أَمِنْتَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى أَهْلِكَ وَ مَالِكَ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Jaham Bin Humeyd who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said to me: ‘Where were you?’ So I thought that he-asws knew the place, so I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! I was passing by so and so, so he withheld me, and I entered into his house and looked at his slave girls’. So he-asws said to me: ‘That is a gathering Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic does not Look at its inhabitants. May there be safety from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic upon your family and your wealth’.[32]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مِهْرَانَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ هَارُونَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ الْغِنَاءُ مَجْلِسٌ لَا يَنْظُرُ اللَّهُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ وَ هُوَ مِمَّا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Mihran Bin Muhammad, from Al Hassan Bin Haroun who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘The singing (music) gathering, Allah-azwj does not Look at its people, and it is from what Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said [31:6] And from the people is one who buys amusing discourse to lead astray from Allah’s Way’.[33]
سَهْلٌ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَدِينِيِّ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْغِنَاءِ وَ أَنَا حَاضِرٌ فَقَالَ لَا تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتاً اللَّهُ مُعْرِضٌ عَنْ أَهْلِهَا .
Sahl Bin Ibrahim Bin Muhammad Al Madainy, form the one who mentioned it, from:
Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘He-asws was asked about the singing (music), and I was present, so he-asws said: ‘Do not enter the house which Allah-azwj has Turned away (Blessings) from its inhabitants’.[34]
Condemnation of singing/music:
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الرَّيَّانِ عَنْ يُونُسَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ الْخُرَاسَانِيَّ ( عليه السلام ) وَ قُلْتُ إِنَّ الْعَبَّاسِيَّ ذَكَرَ أَنَّكَ تُرَخِّصُ فِي الْغِنَاءِ فَقَالَ كَذَبَ الزِّنْدِيقُ مَا هَكَذَا قُلْتُ لَهُ سَأَلَنِي عَنِ الْغِنَاءِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ الْغِنَاءِ فَقَالَ يَا فُلَانُ إِذَا مَيَّزَ اللَّهُ بَيْنَ الْحَقِّ وَ الْبَاطِلِ فَأَنَّى يَكُونُ الْغِنَاءُ فَقَالَ مَعَ الْبَاطِلِ فَقَالَ قَدْ حَكَمْتَ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ali Bin Al rayyan, from Yunus who said,
‘I asked Al-Khurasany-asws (8th Imam-asws), and I said that Al-Abbasy mentioned that you-asws are allowing with regards to the singing (music)?’ So he-asws said: ‘The apostate has lied! I-asws did not say to him like this. He asked me-asws about the singing (music), so I-asws said to him: ‘A man came over to Abu Ja’far-asws, so he asked him-asws about the singing (music). So he-asws said: ‘O so and so! If Allah-azwj were to Differentiate between the Truth and the Falsehood, so where would the singing (music) be?’ So he said, ‘With the falsehood’. So he-asws said: ‘So you have judged’.[35]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ دُرُسْتَ عَنْ زَيْدٍ الشَّحَّامِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَاجْتَنِبُوا الرِّجْسَ مِنَ الْأَوْثانِ وَ اجْتَنِبُوا قَوْلَ الزُّورِ فَقَالَ الرِّجْسُ مِنَ الْأَوْثَانِ الشِّطْرَنْجُ وَ قَوْلُ الزُّورِ الْغِنَاءُ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Khalid and Al Husayn Bin Saeed, altogether, from Al Nazar Bin suweyd, from Dorost, from Zayd Al Shahham who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic [22:30] therefore avoid the uncleanness of the idols and avoid false words. So he-asws said: ‘The ‘uncleanness of the idols’ is the chess, and the ‘false words’ is the singing (music)’.[36]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى فَاجْتَنِبُوا الرِّجْسَ مِنَ الْأَوْثانِ وَ اجْتَنِبُوا قَوْلَ الزُّورِ قَالَ الرِّجْسُ مِنَ الْأَوْثَانِ هُوَ الشِّطْرَنْجُ وَ قَوْلُ الزُّورِ الْغِنَاءُ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umery, from one of his companions,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Blessed and High [22:30] therefore avoid the uncleanness of the idols and avoid false words. He-asws said: ‘The uncleanness of the idols it is the chess, and the false words is the singing (music)’.[37]
حدثنا محمد بن الحسن رحمه الله قال حدثنا محمد بن الحسن الصفار رحمه الله عن يعقوب بن يزيد عن ابراهيم عن أبي يوسف عن أبي بكر الحضرمي عن أحدهما قال: الغناء عش النفاق والشرب مفتاح كل شر ومدمن الخمر كعابد الوثن مكذوب بكتاب الله لو صدق كتاب الله لحرم حرام الله.
Muhammad Bin Al Hassan narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Al Saffar, from Yaqoub Bin Yazeed, from Ibrahim, from Abu Yusuf, from Abu Bakr Al Hazramy,
(It has been narrated) from one of the two-asws (5th or 6th Imam-asws) having said: ‘The singing (music) is a nest of hypocrisy, and the (intoxicating) drink is a key to every evil, and the one habitual of (drinking) the wine is like a worshipper of the idols, a belier of the Book of Allah-azwj. Had he ratified the Book of Allah-azwj, he would have prohibited (himself) from the Prohibitions of Allah-azwj’.[38]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ الشَّامِيِّ قَالَ سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنِ الْخَمْرِ فَقَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بَعَثَنِي رَحْمَةً لِلْعَالَمِينَ وَ لِأَمْحَقَ الْمَعَازِفَ وَ الْمَزَامِيرَ وَ أُمُورَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَ الْأَوْثَانَ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, and Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, and a number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, altogether from Ibn Mahboub, from Khalid Bin Jareer, from Abu Al Rabie Al Shamy who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws was asked about the wine, so he-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Sent me-saww as a Mercy to the worlds, and for the obliteration (destruction) of the musical instruments, and the affairs of the Pre-Islamic period, and the idols’. (an extract).[39]
Rewards for giving-up on singing/music:
عَنْهُ عَنْ يَاسِرٍ الْخَادِمِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَنْ نَزَّهَ نَفْسَهُ عَنِ الْغِنَاءِ فَإِنَّ فِي الْجَنَّةِ شَجَرَةً يَأْمُرُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الرِّيَاحَ أَنْ تُحَرِّكَهَا فَيَسْمَعُ لَهَا صَوْتاً لَمْ يَسْمَعْ بِمِثْلِهِ وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَتَنَزَّهْ عَنْهُ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ .
From him, from Yasser the servant, from:
Abu Al-Hassan-asws has said: ‘The one who removes himself from the singing (music), so in the Paradise there is a tree which Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Commands the winds that they should stir it, so such sounds are heard for it the likes of which have not been heard, and the one who does not remove himself from it, would not hear it’.[40]
Imam-asws asked for ‘Latmiya’ in a grief-stricken tone (vocal):
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْقُرَشِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هَارُونَ الْمَكْفُوفِ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَا أَبَا هَارُونَ أَنْشِدْنِي فِي الْحُسَيْنِ ع قَالَ فَأَنْشَدْتُهُ فَبَكَى فَقَالَ أَنْشِدْنِي كَمَا تُنْشِدُونَ يَعْنِي بِالرَّقَّةِ قَالَ فَأَنْشَدْتُهُ
| امْرُرْ عَلَى جَدَثِ الْحُسَيْنِ | فَقُلْ لِأَعْظُمِهِ الزَّكِيَّةِ |
قَالَ فَبَكَى ثُمَّ قَالَ زِدْنِي قَالَ فَأَنْشَدْتُهُ الْقَصِيدَةَ الْأُخْرَى قَالَ فَبَكَى وَ سَمِعْتُ الْبُكَاءَ مِنْ خَلْفِ السِّتْرِ- قَالَ فَلَمَّا فَرَغْتُ قَالَ لِي يَا بَا هَارُونَ مَنْ أَنْشَدَ فِي الْحُسَيْنِ ع شِعْراً فَبَكَى وَ أَبْكَى عَشْراً كُتِبَتْ لَهُ الْجَنَّةُ وَ مَنْ أَنْشَدَ فِي الْحُسَيْنِ شِعْراً فَبَكَى وَ أَبْكَى خَمْسَةً كُتِبَتْ لَهُ الْجَنَّةُ وَ مَنْ أَنْشَدَ فِي الْحُسَيْنِ شِعْراً فَبَكَى وَ أَبْكَى وَاحِداً كُتِبَتْ لَهُمَا الْجَنَّةُ وَ مَنْ ذُكِرَ الْحُسَيْنُ ع عِنْدَهُ فَخَرَجَ مِنْ عَيْنِهِ [عَيْنَيْهِ] مِنَ الدُّمُوعِ مِقْدَارُ جَنَاحِ ذُبَابٍ كَانَ ثَوَابُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَ لَمْ يَرْضَ لَهُ بِدُونِ الْجَنَّةِ.
Abul Abbas Al-Qurashi has narrated to me from Mohammed ibn Hussain ibn Abil Khattab, who from Mohammed ibn Ismail, from Salih ibn Uqbah, from Abi Harun Al-Makfuf, who has said:
Abu Abdullah-asws said to me: O Aba Harun! Recite a poem for the me-asws about Hussain-asws. So I recited a poem for him-asws and he-asws cried.
Then the Imam-asws said: Recite it in the same way that you (usually) recite – with a grief-stricken tone.
Then I recited (the poem which starts with) the following verse:
‘Pass by the grave of Hussain-asws and say to his-asws purified bones…’
Imam-asws cried and asked me to recite more poems for him-asws. I recited another poem for him-asws. The Imam-asws cried (again) and I also heard (ladies) crying from behind the curtain.
After I finished (reciting the poems), the Imam-asws said to me:
O Aba Harun! If one recites a poem about Hussain-asws and cries and makes ten people cry, Paradise will be registered for him and for them. If one recites a poem about Hussain-asws and cries and makes five people cry, Paradise will be registered for him and for them. If one recites a poem about Hussain-asws and cries and makes one person cry, Paradise will be registered for him and for he who cries.[41]
Additional Ahadith from Bihar Al-Anwaar related to Music are quoted in the Appendix:
Appendix: Additional Ahadith on Music from Bihar Al-Anwaar.
فس، تفسير القمي عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَسْأَلَكَ عَنْ شَيْءٍ أَسْتَحِي مِنْهُ
Tafseer Al Qummi – from his father, from Ibn Abu Najran, from Aasim Bin Humeyd who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! I want to ask you-asws about something I am embarrassed from’.
قَالَ سَلْ
He-asws said: ‘Ask!’
قُلْتُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ غِنَاءٌ
I said, ‘Is there singing in the Paradise?’
قَالَ إِنَّ فِي الْجَنَّةِ شَجَراً يَأْمُرُ اللَّهُ رِيَاحَهَا فَتَهُبُّ فَتَضْرِبُ تِلْكَ الشَّجَرَةُ بِأَصْوَاتٍ لَمْ يَسْمَعِ الْخَلَائِقُ بِمِثْلِهَا حُسْناً
He-asws said: ‘In there, Paradise there is a tree. Allah-azwj will Command its winds, so it will blow and strike that tree with such sounds the creatures would not have heard the likes of this excellence’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ هَذَا عِوَضٌ لِمَنْ تَرَكَ السَّمَاعَ فِي الدُّنْيَا مِنْ مَخَافَةِ اللَّهِ الْخَبَرَ.
Then he-asws said: ‘This is in compensation for the one who neglects listening in the world from fear of Allah-azwj’ – the Hadeeth’’.[42]
وَ الْمَلَاهِي الَّتِي تَصُدُّ عَنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى مَكْرُوهَةٌ كَالْغِنَاءِ وَ ضَرْبِ الْأَوْتَارِ وَ الْإِصْرَارِ عَلَى صَغَائِرِ الذُّنُوبِ
And the amusements which hinder from Zikr of Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted, abhorrence(s) like the singing, and striking the strings (of guitar etc.), and the persistence upon the minor sins’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ ع إِنَّ فِي هذا لَبَلاغاً لِقَوْمٍ عابِدِينَ.
Then he-asws said: ‘Surely in this there is a Message for a worshipping people [21:106]’’.[43]
ل، الخصال عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مِهْرَانَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ هَارُونَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ الْغِنَاءُ يُورِثُ النِّفَاقَ وَ يَعْتَقِبُ الْفَقْرَ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – from his father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Yazeed, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Mihran Bin Muhammad, from Al-Hassan Bin Haroub who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘The singing inherits the hypocrisy and the poverty is the consequence’’.[44]
مع، معاني الأخبار عَنِ الْمُظَفَّرِ الْعَلَوِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ الْعَيَّاشِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ إِشْكِيبَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ السَّرِيِّ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ الْبَطَائِنِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ ع عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ فَاجْتَنِبُوا الرِّجْسَ مِنَ الْأَوْثانِ وَ اجْتَنِبُوا قَوْلَ الزُّورِ قَالَ الرِّجْسُ مِنَ الْأَوْثَانِ الشِّطْرَنْجُ وَ قَوْلُ الزُّورِ الْغِنَاءُ
(The book) ‘Ma’any Al Akhbaar’ – from Al Muzaffar, from Ibn Al Ayyashi, from his father, from Al-Husayn Bin Ishkeyb, from Muhammad Bin Al Sary, from Al-Husayn Bin Saeed, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Al Batainey, from Abdul A’ala who siakd,
‘I asked Ja’far Bin Muhammad-asws about Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: therefore keep aside from the uncleanness of the idols and keep aside from the false words [22:30]. He-asws said: ‘The ‘uncleanness’ is from the idols, the chess, and ‘the false words’ is the songs’.
قُلْتُ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ مِنْهُ الْغِنَاءُ.
I said, ‘Words of Mighty and Majestic: And from the people there is one who buys amusing discourse [31:6]. He-asws said: ‘From it is the singing’’.[45]
كش، رجال الكشي عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ عَنْ حَمْدَانَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ النَّهْدِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي طَالِبٍ الْقُمِّيِ قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع تَأْذَنُ لِي أَنْ أَرْثِيَ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ أَعْنِي أَبَاهُ ع
(The book) ‘Rijaal’ of Al Kashi – from Muhamad Bin Masoud, from Hamdan Bin Ahmad Al Nahdy, from Abu Talib Al Qummi who said,
‘I wrote to Abu Ja’far-asws to seek permission for me is eulogising Abu Al-Hassan-asws, meaning his-asws father-asws’.
قَالَ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيَّ انْدُبْنِي وَ انْدُبْ أَبِي.
He (the narrator) said, ‘He-asws wrote to me: ‘Lament (mourn) me-asws and my-asws father-asws’’.[46]
وَ نُقِلَ عَنْهُ ع أَنَّهُ رَأَى جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَ قَدْ تَنَفَّسَ الصُّعَدَاءَ فَقَالَ ع يَا جَابِرُ عَلَامَ تَنَفُّسُكَ أَ عَلَى الدُّنْيَا
And it is transmitted from him-asws that he-asws saw Jabir Bin Abdullah-ra, may Allah-azwj be Satisfied with him-ra, and he-ra had sighed deeply. He-asws said: ‘O Jabir-ra! Upon what is your-ra sighing? Is it upon the world?’
فَقَالَ جَابِرٌ نَعَمْ
Jabir-ra said, ‘Yes’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا جَابِرُ مَلَاذُّ الدُّنْيَا سَبْعَةٌ الْمَأْكُولُ وَ الْمَشْرُوبُ وَ الْمَلْبُوسُ وَ الْمَنْكُوحُ وَ الْمَرْكُوبُ وَ الْمَشْمُومُ وَ الْمَسْمُوعُ
He-asws said to him-ra: ‘O Jabir-ra! Pleasures of the world are seven – the edibles, and the drinkables, and the wearables, and the sex, and the rides, and the smells, and the listened.
فَأَلَذُّ الْمَأْكُولَاتِ الْعَسَلُ وَ هُوَ بَصْقٌ مِنْ ذُبَابَةٍ وَ أَحْلَى الْمَشْرُوبَاتِ الْمَاءُ وَ كَفَى بِإِبَاحَتِهِ وَ سِبَاحَتِهِ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ
The most pleasurable of the edibles is the honey, and it is a spit from its fly (bee), and the sweetest of the drinks is the water, and suffice with its legalisation and its bathing upon the surface of the earth.
وَ أَعْلَى الْمَلْبُوسَاتِ الدِّيبَاجُ وَ هُوَ مِنْ لُعَابِ دُودَةٍ وَ أَعْلَى الْمَنْكُوحَاتِ النِّسَاءُ وَ هُوَ مَبَالٌ فِي مَبَالٍ وَ مِثَالٌ لِمِثَالٍ وَ إِنَّمَا يُرَادُ أَحْسَنُ مَا فِي الْمَرْأَةِ لِأَقْبَحِ مَا فِيهَا
And loftiest of the wearables is the brocade (silk), and it is from the saliva of an insect; and the highest of the copulations are (with) the women, and it is an interest in an interest, and an example for an example, and rather the best of what is wanted in the woman is the ugliest of what is in her.
وَ أَعْلَى الْمَرْكُوبَاتِ الْخَيْلُ وَ هُوَ قَوَاتِلُ وَ أَجَلُّ الْمَشْمُومَاتِ الْمِسْكُ وَ هُوَ دَمٌ مِنْ سُرَّةِ دَابَّةٍ وَ أَجَلُّ الْمَسْمُوعَاتِ الْغِنَاءُ وَ التَّرَنُّمُ وَ هُوَ إِثْمٌ فَمَا هَذِهِ صِفَتُهُ لَمْ يَتَنَفَّسْ عَلَيْهِ عَاقِلٌ
And the highest of the rides is the horse, and it is a battler; and the best of the smells is the musk, and it is a blood from the navel of an animal; and best of the listened is the music and the singing, and it is a sin. So what are these descriptions? An intellectual will not be competing upon it’.
قَالَ جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَوَ اللَّهِ مَا خَطَرَتِ الدُّنْيَا بَعْدَهَا عَلَى قَلْبِي.
Jabir Bin Abdullah-ra said: ‘By Allah-azwj! The world did not occur upon my-ra heart after it’’.[47]
وَ إِذَا لُبِسَ الْحَرِيرُ وَ شُرِبَتِ الْخَمْرُ وَ اتُّخِذَ الْقِيَانُ وَ الْمَعَازِفُ وَ لَعَنَ آخِرُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ أَوَّلَهَا فَلْيَرْقُبُوا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَ خِصَالٍ رِيحاً حَمْرَاءَ وَ مَسْخاً وَ فَسْخاً.
And when silk will be worn, and the wine will be drunk, and singers and the musical instruments are taken, and the latter ones of this community will curse its former ones, so after that they will be indulging in three characteristics – red wind, and morphing, and disintegration’’.[48]
الغناء نوح إبليس على الجنة إذا أراد أحدكم النوم فليضع يده اليمنى تحت خده الايمن وليقل: (بسم الله، وضعت جنبي لله على ملة إبراهيم ودين محمد (صلى الله عليه وآله) و ولاية من افترض الله طاعته، ما شاء الله كان وما لم يشألم يكن) فمن قال ذلك عند منامه حفظ من اللص والمغير والهدم واستغفرت له الملائكة.
The singing is a lamentation of Iblees-la upon the Paradise; when one of you wants to sleep, then let him place his right hand under his right cheek, and let him say, ‘In the Name of Allah-azwj! I place my side for Allah-azwj upon the Religion of Ibrahim-as and Religion of Muhammad-saww and Wilayah of the one the obedience to whom Allah-azwj has Obligated. Whatever Allah-azwj Desires happens, and what He-azwj does not Desire, does not happen’. The one who says that at his sleep would be protected from the thief, and the invader, and the demolition, and the Angels would seek Forgiveness for him.[49]
والملاهي التي تصد عن ذكر الله تبارك وتعالى مكروهة، كالغناء وضرب الاوتار، والاصرار على صغائر الذنوب.
And the amusement which hinders from the Zikr of Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted is abhorrent, like the singing and striking the vocal chords, and the persistence upon the smaller sins’.
ثم قال (عليه السلام): إن في هذا البلاغا لقوم عابدين.
Then he-asws said: ‘Surely in this is the manifesto for worshipping people’’.[50]
وسألته عن الرجل يتعمد الغناء يجلس إليه ؟ قال: لا.
And I asked him-asws about the man who deliberates the singing, can one be seated to him (in his company)?’ He-asws said: ‘No’.[51]
وسألته عن الغناء أيصلح في الفطر والاضحى والفرح ؟ قال: لا بأس ما لم يزمر به.
And I asked him-asws about the singing, is it correct during the (Eids of) Al-Fitr and Al-Azha and the happiness? He-asws said: ‘There is no problem for as long as he does not blows (flute etc.) with it’.[52]
وشهادات الزور، واليأس من روح الله، والامن لمكر الله والقنوط من رحمة الله، ومعاونة الظالمين والركون إليهم، واليمين الغموس، وحبس الحقوق من غير عسر، والمكر والكفر، والاسراف، والتبذير، والخيانة، وكتمان الشهادة، والملاهي التي تصدعن ذكر الله مثل الغناء وضرب الاوتار، والاصرار على الصغائر من الذنوب،
And the false testimony, and the despair from the Spirit of Allah-azwj, and the feeling safe from the Plan of Allah-azwj, and the despair from Mercy of Allah-azwj, and assisting the oppressors and the inclining towards them, and the false swear, and withholding the rights from without having financial difficulties, and the plotting, and the Kufr, and the extravagance, and the wasting, and the betrayal, and concealing the testimony, and the amusements which hinder from Zikr of Allah-azwj, like the singing and striking of the strings, and the persistence upon the small ones from the sins.
فهذا اصول الدين. والحمد لله رب العالمين، وصلى الله على نبيه وآله وسلم تسليما.
So, these are the Principles of the Religion (Usool Al Deen), and the Praise is for Allah-azwj, Lord-azwj of the worlds, and may Allah-azwj Send Salawat upon His-azwj Prophet-saww and his-saww Progeny-asws, and submit submissively’’.[53]
ب، قرب الإسناد الرَّيَّانُ بْنُ الصَّلْتِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلرِّضَا ع إِنَّ الْعَبَّاسِيَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّكَ رَخَّصْتَ فِي سَمَاعِ الْغِنَاءِ
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Asnad’ – Al Rayyan Bin Al Salt who said,
‘I said to Al-Reza-asws, ‘Al-Abbasy (Hisham Bin Ibrahim Al-Abbasy) informed me that you-asws have allowed listening to the songs’.
فَقَالَ كَذَبَ الزِّنْدِيقُ مَا هَكَذَا كَانَ إِنَّمَا سَأَلَنِي عَنْ سَمَاعِ الْغِنَاءِ فَأَعْلَمْتُهُ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ سَمَاعِ الْغِنَاءِ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَخْبِرْنِي إِذَا جَمَعَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى بَيْنَ الْحَقِّ وَ الْبَاطِلِ مَعَ أَيِّهِمَا يَكُونُ الْغِنَاءُ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ مَعَ الْبَاطِلِ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ حَسْبُكَ فَقَدْ حَكَمْتَ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ فَهَكَذَا كَانَ قَوْلِي لَهُ.
He-asws said: ‘The atheist is lying! It did not happen like this. But rather, he had asked me-asws about listening to the songs, so I-asws let him know that a man had come to Abu Ja’far Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws and asked him-asws about listening to the songs. He-asws said to him: ‘Inform me! When Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Gathers between the truth and the falsehood, with which of the two would the songs happen to be?’ The man said, ‘With the falsehood’. Abu Ja’far-asws said to him: ‘It suffices you, for you have judged against yourself’. So, like this were my-asws words to him’’.[54]
العياشي: عن الحسن بن محبوب، عن أبي ولاد، قال: قلت لأبي عبد الله (عليه السلام): جعلت فداك، إن رجلا من أصحابنا ورعا مسلما كثير الصلاة، قد ابتلي بحب اللهو، و هو يسمع الغناء؟
Al Ayyashi, from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Abu Walad who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! A man from our companions, a devout Muslim, frequent of the Salat, has been tempted with love of the desires, and he listens to the music (songs)?’
فقال: «أ يمنعه ذلك من الصلاة لوقتها، أو من صوم، أو من عبادة مريض، أو حضور جنازة، أو زيارة أخ؟»
So he-asws said: ‘Does that prevent him from the Salat at its time, or from Fasting, or from consoling a sick person, or attending a funeral, or visiting a brother (Momin)?’
قال: قلت: لا، ليس يمنعه ذلك من شيء من الخير و البر. قال: فقال: «هذا من خطوات الشيطان، مغفور له ذلك إن شاء الله».
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘No, that doesn’t prevent him from anything from the (acts of) goodness or righteousness’. He-asws said: ‘This is from the footsteps of the satan-la. That would be Forgiven for him, if Allah-azwj so Desires’.
ثم قال: «إن طائفة من الملائكة عابوا ولد آدم في اللذات و الشهوات، أعني لكم الحلال ليس الحرام،- قال- فأنف الله للمؤمنين من ولد آدم من تعيير الملائكة لهم- قال- فألقى الله في هم أولئك الملائكة اللذات و الشهوات، كيلا يعيبوا المؤمنين-
Then he-asws said: ‘A group of Angels reproached the son of Adam-as regarding the pleasures and the desires, meaning for you the Permissible, not the Prohibited ones’. So Allah-azwj Disdained for the Momineen from the children of Adam from the faulting of the Angels to them, and He-azwj Cast in the minds of those Angels, the pleasures and the desires, lest they fault the Momineen.
قال- فلما جرى ذلك في همهم، عجوا إلى الله من ذلك، فقالوا: ربنا عفوك عفوك، ردنا إلى ما خلقتنا له و اخترتنا عليه، فإنا نخاف أن نصير في أمر مريج- قال- فنزع الله ذلك من همهم-
He-asws said: ‘So when that flowed into their thoughts, they clamoured to Allah-azwj from that and they said, ‘Our Lord-azwj! Your-azwj Pardon! Your-azwj Pardon! Return us to what You-azwj had Created us and Keep us to be upon him for we fear being patient upon confusing matters’. He-asws said: ‘So Allah-azwj Removed that from their thoughts’.
قال- فإذا كان يوم القيامة، و صار أهل الجنة في الجنة، استأذن أولئك الملائكة على أهل الجنة، فيؤذن لهم، فيدخلون عليهم فيسلمون عليهم، و يقولون لهم: سَلامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ بِما صَبَرْتُمْ في الدنيا عن اللذات و الشهوات الحلال».
He-asws said: ‘So when it would be the Day of Judgment, and the people of the Paradise come to be in the Paradise, those Angels would seek permission upon the inhabitants of the Paradise. So they would permit for them and they would be entering to meet them and they would be greeting them and they would be saying to them: Greetings be upon you due to your having been patient Greetings be upon you due to your having been patient [13:24], in the world, from the pleasures and the Permissible desires’’.[55]
[1] The view that Dawood (peace be upon him) used to seek forgiveness by playing the flute is a view for which there is no basis, rather what is meant by the words of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) to Abu Moosa al-Ash’ari , “You have been given a beautiful voice (mizmaar, lit. flute) like the beautiful voices of the family of Dawood” (narrated by al-Bukhaari (5048) and Muslim (793) is that he had a beautiful voice, and the beauty of his voice was likened to the sound of the flute.
[2] الكافي 2: 362/ 3
[3] مشكاة الأنوار في غرر الأخبار، النص، ص: 53, H. 257
[4] MISHKAT UL-ANWAR FI GHURAR AL-AKHBAR, H. 335
[5] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 34 H 3
[6] Bihar Al Anwaar – V 10, The book of Argumentation, S 3 Ch 17 H 1
[7] Tafseer Noor Al Saqalayn – CH 56 H 33
[8] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Merits of the Quran CH 9 H 3
[9] تفسير القمّي 2: 88 (Extract)
[10] الكافي 6: 431/ 4.
[11] ربيع الأبرار 2: 596
[12] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 34 H 23
[13] تفسير العيّاشي 2: 211/ 42.
[14] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 34 H 1
[15] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 34 H 2
[16] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 34 H 12
[17] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 34 H 13
[18] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 34 H 4
[19] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 34 H 5
[20] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 34 H 6
[21] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 34 H 8
[22] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 34 H 9
[23] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 34 H 10
[24] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 34 H 11
[25] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 34 H 7
[26] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 34 H 20
[27] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 34 H 23
[28] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 34 H 14
[29] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 34 H 17
[30] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 34 H 15
[31] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 34 H 21
[32] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 34 H 22
[33] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 34 H 16
[34] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 34 H 18
[35] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 34 H 25
[36] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 35 H 2
[37] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 35 H 7
[38] ILLAL AL SHARAIE – V 2 Ch 224 H 3
[39] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 14 H 1
[40] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 34 H 19
[41] الباب الثالث و الثلاثون من قال في الحسينع شعرا فبكى و أبكى, H. 1, كامل الزيارات، النص، ص: 105
[42] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 99 H 6
[43] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 68 H 11
[44] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 99 H 7
[45] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 99 H 20
[46] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 101 H 10
[47] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 75 – The book ‘Al Rawza’ – Ch 15 H 69
[48] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 74 – The book ‘Al Rawza’ – Ch 7 H 138
[49] An extract Bihar ul Anwar vol. 10
[50] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 10, The book of Argumentation, S 4 Ch 14 H 1
[51] An extract Bihar ul Anwar vol. 10
[52] An extract Bihar ul Anwar vol. 10
[53] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 10, The book of Argumentation, S 3 Ch 20 H 2
[54] Bihar Al Awaar – V 49, The book of History – Ali Al Rezaasws, Ch 18 H 6
[55] تفسير العيّاشي 2: 211/ 42.