الكافي
AL-KAFI
ج 1
Volume 1
Part 1 out of 8
للمحدِّث الجليل والعالم الفقيه الشيخ محمد بن يعقوب الكليني المعروف بثقة الإسلام الكليني المتوفى سنة 329 هجرية
Of the majestic narrator and the scholar, the jurist, the Sheykh Muhammad Bin Yaqoub Al-Kulayni
Well known as ‘The trustworthy of Al-Islam Al-Kulayni’
Who died in the year 329 H
AL-KAFI VOLUME 1 Part 1
Chapter 1 – The Occurrence of the universe and the proof of the Originator. 90
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم الحمد لله رب العالمين، وصلى الله على سيدنا محمد وآله الطاهرين، وسلم تسليما
In the Name of Allah-azwj the Beneficent, the Merciful. The Praise is for Allah-azwj Lord-azwj of the Worlds, and Blessing be upon our Chief Muhammad-saww and his-saww Purified Progeny-asws, and greetings with abundant greetings.
كِتَابُ الْعَقْلِ وَ الْجَهْلِ
THE BOOK OF INTELLECT AND IGNORANCE
Chapter 1
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا مِنْهُمْ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْعَطَّارُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لَمَّا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ الْعَقْلَ اسْتَنْطَقَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ أَقْبِلْ فَأَقْبَلَ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ أَدْبِرْ فَأَدْبَرَ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَ عِزَّتِي وَ جَلَالِي مَا خَلَقْتُ خَلْقاً هُوَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْكَ وَ لَا أَكْمَلْتُكَ إِلَّا فِيمَنْ أُحِبُّ أَمَا إِنِّي إِيَّاكَ آمُرُ وَ إِيَّاكَ أَنْهَى وَ إِيَّاكَ أُعَاقِبُ وَ إِيَّاكَ أُثِيبُ .
Abu Ja’far Muhammad Bin Yaqoub informed us saying, ‘It was narrated to us by a number of our companions, from them was Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Attar, from Ahmad bin Muhammad, from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Al A’ala Bin Razeyn, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘When Allah-azwj Created the ‘الْعَقْلَ’ (Aql – intellect)[1], He-azwj Interrogated it, then Said to it: “Come!” So it came. Then Said to it: “Turn back!” So it turned back. Then He-azwj Said: “By My-azwj Might and My-azwj Majesy! I-azwj did not Create any creature which is more Beloved to Me-azwj than you, nor will I-azwj Perfect you except among the ones whom I-azwj Love. But, it is (based on) you that I-azwj shall Command, and for you I-azwj shall Forbid, and for you I-azwj shall Punish, and for you I-azwj shall Reward”’.[2]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ مُفَضَّلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ طَرِيفٍ عَنِ الْأَصْبَغِ بْنِ نُبَاتَةَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ هَبَطَ جَبْرَئِيلُ عَلَى آدَمَ ( عليه السلام ) فَقَالَ يَا آدَمُ إِنِّي أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُخَيِّرَكَ وَاحِدَةً مِنْ ثَلَاثٍ فَاخْتَرْهَا وَ دَعِ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَقَالَ لَهُ آدَمُ يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ وَ مَا الثَّلَاثُ
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Amro Bin Usman, from Mufazzal Bin Salih, from Sa’ad Bin Tareyf, from Al Asbagh Bin Nubata,
(It has been narrated) from Ali-asws having said: ‘Jibraeel-as descended unto Adam-as and he-as said: ‘O Adam-as!’ I-as have been Commanded to get you-as to choose one from three, therefore choose it and leave the (other) two’. So Adam-as said to him-as: ‘O Jibraeel-as! And what are the three?’
فَقَالَ الْعَقْلُ وَ الْحَيَاءُ وَ الدِّينُ فَقَالَ آدَمُ إِنِّي قَدِ اخْتَرْتُ الْعَقْلَ فَقَالَ جَبْرَئِيلُ لِلْحَيَاءِ وَ الدِّينِ انْصَرِفَا وَ دَعَاهُ فَقَالَا يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ إِنَّا أُمِرْنَا أَنْ نَكُونَ مَعَ الْعَقْلِ حَيْثُ كَانَ قَالَ فَشَأْنَكُمَا وَ عَرَجَ .
So he-as said: ‘The ‘الْعَقْلُ وَ الْحَيَاءُ وَ الدِّينُ’ intellect, and the modesty (bashfulness), and the Religion’. So Adam-as said: ‘I-as have chosen the intellect’. So Jibraeel-as said to the modesty and the Religion: ‘Leave!’ So they both said, ‘O Jibraeel-as! We have been Commanded that we should happen to be with the intellect wherever it may be’. He-as said: ‘So that is your affair’, and he-as ascended’ (leaving all three with Adam-as).[3]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا رَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ مَا الْعَقْلُ قَالَ مَا عُبِدَ بِهِ الرَّحْمَنُ وَ اكْتُسِبَ بِهِ الْجِنَانُ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَالَّذِي كَانَ فِي مُعَاوِيَةَ فَقَالَ تِلْكَ النَّكْرَاءُ تِلْكَ الشَّيْطَنَةُ وَ هِيَ شَبِيهَةٌ بِالْعَقْلِ وَ لَيْسَتْ بِالْعَقْلِ .
Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from one of our companions,
(It has been narrated) raising it to Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘What is the ‘الْعَقْلَ’ (Aql– intellect?’ He-asws said: ‘Through which the Beneficent is worshipped with, and the Gardens are attained with’. I said, ‘So that which was in Muawiya?’ So he-asws said: ‘That is the heinous, that is the devilry, and it may disguise as the intellect, but it is not the intellect’.[4]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْجَهْمِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ صَدِيقُ كُلِّ امْرِئٍ عَقْلُهُ وَ عَدُوُّهُ جَهْلُهُ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ibn Fazzal, from Al Hassan Bin Al Jahm who said,
‘I heard Al-Reza-asws saying: ‘A friend of every person is his intellect, and ‘عَدُوُّهُ جَهْلُهُ’ his enemy is his ignorance’.[5]
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْجَهْمِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنَّ عِنْدَنَا قَوْماً لَهُمْ مَحَبَّةٌ وَ لَيْسَتْ لَهُمْ تِلْكَ الْعَزِيمَةُ يَقُولُونَ بِهَذَا الْقَوْلِ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ أُولَئِكَ مِمَّنْ عَاتَبَ اللَّهُ إِنَّمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ فَاعْتَبِرُوا يا أُولِي الْأَبْصارِ .
And from him, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazzal, from Al Hassan Bin Al Jahm who said,
‘I said to Abu Al-Hassan-asws, ‘In our presence there is a group of people, for them is love, and there isn’t that magnificence for them that they should be saying with this word (Al-Wilayah)’. So he-asws said: ‘They are from the ones whom Allah-azwj Admonished. But rather, Allah-azwj Said [59:2] therefore take a lesson, O you who have vision’.[6]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ الرَّازِيِّ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) مَنْ كَانَ عَاقِلًا كَانَ لَهُ دِينٌ وَ مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ دِينٌ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ .
Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Muhammad Bin Hassan, from Abu Muhammad Al Razy, from Sayf Bin Ameyra, from Is’haq Bin Ammar who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘The one who was an intellectual, there would be Religion for him, and the one who has Religion for him, would enter the Paradise’.[7]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَقْطِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِنَّمَا يُدَاقُّ اللَّهُ الْعِبَادَ فِي الْحِسَابِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا آتَاهُمْ مِنَ الْعُقُولِ فِي الدُّنْيَا .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Bin Yaqteen, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Abu Al Jaroud,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘But rather Allah-azwj would Hold the servants (responsible) regarding the Reckoning on the Day of Judgment upon a measurement of what He-azwj had Given them from the intellects in the world’.[8]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْأَحْمَرِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ الدَّيْلَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فُلَانٌ مِنْ عِبَادَتِهِ وَ دِينِهِ وَ فَضْلِهِ فَقَالَ كَيْفَ عَقْلُهُ قُلْتُ لَا أَدْرِي فَقَالَ إِنَّ الثَّوَابَ عَلَى قَدْرِ الْعَقْلِ إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ كَانَ يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ فِي جَزِيرَةٍ مِنْ جَزَائِرِ الْبَحْرِ خَضْرَاءَ نَضِرَةٍ كَثِيرَةِ الشَّجَرِ ظَاهِرَةِ الْمَاءِ وَ إِنَّ مَلَكاً مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ مَرَّ بِهِ فَقَالَ يَا رَبِّ أَرِنِي ثَوَابَ عَبْدِكَ هَذَا
Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Abdullah, from Ibrahim Bin Is’haq Al Ahmar, from Muhammad Bin Suleyman Al Daylami, from his father who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, of so and so, and (about) his worship, and his Religion and his merits’. So he-asws said: ‘How is his intellect?’ I said, ‘I do not know’. So he-asws said: ‘The Rewards are (based) upon the measurement of the intellect. A man from the Children of Israel was worshipping Allah-azwj in an island from the islands of the sea, (which was) green, scenic, there being a lot of trees, at the back of the water (lakes & rivers), and that an Angel from the Angels passed by him, so he said: ‘O Lord-azwj! Show me the Rewards of this servant of Yours-azwj’.
فَأَرَاهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ذَلِكَ فَاسْتَقَلَّهُ الْمَلَكُ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَيْهِ أَنِ اصْحَبْهُ فَأَتَاهُ الْمَلَكُ فِي صُورَةِ إِنْسِيٍّ فَقَالَ لَهُ مَنْ أَنْتَ قَالَ أَنَا رَجُلٌ عَابِدٌ بَلَغَنِي مَكَانُكَ وَ عِبَادَتُكَ فِي هَذَا الْمَكَانِ فَأَتَيْتُكَ لِأَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ مَعَكَ
So Allah-azwj the Exalted Showed him that, and the Angel considered it to be little. So Allah-azwj the Exalted Revealed unto him, that he should accompany him. So the Angel went over to him in the image of a human being. So he (the man) said to him (the Angel), ‘Who are you?’ He said, ‘I am a worshipping man. (News) of your position and your worship reached me in this place, so I came over to you in order to worship Allah-azwj along with you’.
فَكَانَ مَعَهُ يَوْمَهُ ذَلِكَ فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ قَالَ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ إِنَّ مَكَانَكَ لَنَزِهٌ وَ مَا يَصْلُحُ إِلَّا لِلْعِبَادَةِ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْعَابِدُ إِنَّ لِمَكَانِنَا هَذَا عَيْباً فَقَالَ لَهُ وَ مَا هُوَ قَالَ لَيْسَ لِرَبِّنَا بَهِيمَةٌ فَلَوْ كَانَ لَهُ حِمَارٌ رَعَيْنَاهُ فِي هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ فَإِنَّ هَذَا الْحَشِيشَ يَضِيعُ فَقَالَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ الْمَلَكُ وَ مَا لِرَبِّكَ حِمَارٌ فَقَالَ لَوْ كَانَ لَهُ حِمَارٌ مَا كَانَ يَضِيعُ مِثْلُ هَذَا الْحَشِيشِ
It was so that he was with him for that day of his. So when it was morning, the Angel said to him: ‘Your place is scenic and it is not correct for anything except for the worship’. So the worshipper said to him, ‘There is a fault with this place of ours’. So he said to him: ‘And what is it?’ He said, ‘There is no animal of our Lord-azwj. Had there been a donkey of His-azwj, we would have grazed it in this place, for this pasture is being wasted’. So that Angel said to him: ‘And there is no donkey for your Lord-azwj?’ So he said, ‘Had there been a donkey for Him-azwj, He-azwj would not have Wasted the plush pasture like this’.
فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى الْمَلَكِ إِنَّمَا أُثِيبُهُ عَلَى قَدْرِ عَقْلِهِ .
So Allah-azwj Revealed unto the Angel: “But rather, I-azwj am Rewarding him upon the measurement of his intellect”’.[9]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) إِذَا بَلَغَكُمْ عَنْ رَجُلٍ حُسْنُ حَالٍ فَانْظُرُوا فِي حُسْنِ عَقْلِهِ فَإِنَّمَا يُجَازَى بِعَقْلِهِ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘When (news) of the good state of a man reaches you, so look at the goodness of his intellect, for rather he would be Recompensed by (based upon the level of) his intellect’.[10]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ ذَكَرْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) رَجُلًا مُبْتَلًى بِالْوُضُوءِ وَ الصَّلَاةِ وَ قُلْتُ هُوَ رَجُلٌ عَاقِلٌ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَ أَيُّ عَقْلٍ لَهُ وَ هُوَ يُطِيعُ الشَّيْطَانَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ وَ كَيْفَ يُطِيعُ الشَّيْطَانَ فَقَالَ سَلْهُ هَذَا الَّذِي يَأْتِيهِ مِنْ أَيِّ شَيْءٍ هُوَ فَإِنَّهُ يَقُولُ لَكَ مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Abdullah Bin Sinan who said,
‘I mentioned to Abu Abdullah-asws a man constantly indulging in the ablution and the Salāt, and I said, ‘He is an intelligent man’. So Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘And which intellect is there for him, and he is obeying the Satan-la?’ So I said to him-asws, ‘And how is he obeying the Satan-la?’ So he-asws said: ‘Ask him about this which he is doing, from which thing is it, so he would be saying to you, ‘From the acts of the Satan-la’.[11]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) مَا قَسَمَ اللَّهُ لِلْعِبَادِ شَيْئاً أَفْضَلَ مِنَ الْعَقْلِ فَنَوْمُ الْعَاقِلِ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ سَهَرِ الْجَاهِلِ وَ إِقَامَةُ الْعَاقِلِ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ شُخُوصِ الْجَاهِلِ وَ لَا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ نَبِيّاً وَ لَا رَسُولًا حَتَّى يَسْتَكْمِلَ الْعَقْلَ وَ يَكُونَ عَقْلُهُ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ جَمِيعِ عُقُولِ أُمَّتِهِ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from oe of his companions, raising it, said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj has not Distributed for the servants anything more superior than the intellect. Thus, the sleep of the intellectual is superior to the vigil of the ignorant, and the staying (at home) of the intellectual is superior than going out of the ignorant; and Allah-azwj neither Sent a Prophet-as nor a Rasool-as until He-azwj Perfected the intellect (for him-as), and his-as intellect happened to be superior to the entirety of the intellects of the community.
وَ مَا يُضْمِرُ النَّبِيُّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فِي نَفْسِهِ أَفْضَلُ مِنِ اجْتِهَادِ الْمُجْتَهِدِينَ وَ مَا أَدَّى الْعَبْدُ فَرَائِضَ اللَّهِ حَتَّى عَقَلَ عَنْهُ وَ لَا بَلَغَ جَمِيعُ الْعَابِدِينَ فِي فَضْلِ عِبَادَتِهِمْ مَا بَلَغَ الْعَاقِلُ وَ الْعُقَلَاءُ هُمْ أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ الَّذِينَ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى وَ مَا يَتَذَكَّرُ إِلَّا أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ .
And whatever the Prophet-saww concealed within himself-saww is superior to the striving of the strivers; and the servant would not fulfil the Obligations of Allah-azwj until he knows about Him-azwj, and the entirety of the worshippers would not reach in merit with their worshipping what the intellectual would reach; and the intellectuals, they are those possessing understanding whom Allah-azwj Speaks of [13:19] But rather, only those possessing understanding will mind’.[12]
أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا رَفَعَهُ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) يَا هِشَامُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى بَشَّرَ أَهْلَ الْعَقْلِ وَ الْفَهْمِ فِي كِتَابِهِ فَقَالَ فَبَشِّرْ عِبادِ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَمِعُونَ الْقَوْلَ فَيَتَّبِعُونَ أَحْسَنَهُ أُولئِكَ الَّذِينَ هَداهُمُ اللَّهُ وَ أُولئِكَ هُمْ أُولُوا الْأَلْبابِ
O Abu Abdullah Al Ashary, from one of our companions, raising it, from Hisham Bin Al Hakam who said,
‘Abu Al-Hassan Musa Bin Ja’far-asws said to me: ‘O Hisham! Allah-azwj Blessed and High Gave glad tidings to the people of the intellect and the understanding in His-azwj Book, so He-azwj Said [39:17] therefore give good news to My servants, [39:18] Those who listen intently to the Word, then follow the best of it; those are they whom Allah has Guided, and those it is who are the ones of understanding.
يَا هِشَامُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَكْمَلَ لِلنَّاسِ الْحُجَجَ بِالْعُقُولِ وَ نَصَرَ النَّبِيِّينَ بِالْبَيَانِ وَ دَلَّهُمْ عَلَى رُبُوبِيَّتِهِ بِالْأَدِلَّةِ فَقَالَ وَ إِلهُكُمْ إِلهٌ واحِدٌ لا إِلهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الرَّحْمنُ الرَّحِيمُ. إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ اخْتِلافِ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهارِ وَ الْفُلْكِ الَّتِي تَجْرِي فِي الْبَحْرِ بِما يَنْفَعُ النَّاسَ وَ ما أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنَ السَّماءِ مِنْ ماءٍ فَأَحْيا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِها وَ بَثَّ فِيها مِنْ كُلِّ دَابَّةٍ وَ تَصْرِيفِ الرِّياحِ وَ السَّحابِ الْمُسَخَّرِ بَيْنَ السَّماءِ وَ الْأَرْضِ لَآياتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ
O Hisham! Allah-azwj Blessed and High Perfected the argument to the people by the intellects and Helped the Prophets-as with the proclamations, and Pointed them-as upon His-azwj Lordship by the evidence, so He-azwj Said [2:163] And your God is one God! There is no god but He; He is the Beneficent, the Merciful [2:164] Surely in the Creation of the skies and the earth and the alternation of the night and the day, and the ships that run in the sea with that which profits the people, and the water that Allah Sends down from the sky, then gives life with it to the earth after its death and Spreads in it all (kinds of) animals, and the changing of the winds and the clouds made subservient between the sky and the earth, there are signs for a people who are using their intellects.
يَا هِشَامُ قَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ دَلِيلًا عَلَى مَعْرِفَتِهِ بِأَنَّ لَهُمْ مُدَبِّراً فَقَالَ وَ سَخَّرَ لَكُمُ اللَّيْلَ وَ النَّهارَ وَ الشَّمْسَ وَ الْقَمَرَ وَ النُّجُومُ مُسَخَّراتٌ بِأَمْرِهِ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآياتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ
O Hisham! Allah-azwj has Made that to be a pointer to His-azwj recognition that it has been Regulated for them, so He-azwj Said [16:12] And He Made subservient to you the night and the day and the sun and the moon, and the stars are made subservient by His Command; surely there are signs in this for a people who using their intellects.
وَ قَالَ هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ تُرابٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ عَلَقَةٍ ثُمَّ يُخْرِجُكُمْ طِفْلًا ثُمَّ لِتَبْلُغُوا أَشُدَّكُمْ ثُمَّ لِتَكُونُوا شُيُوخاً وَ مِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُتَوَفَّى مِنْ قَبْلُ وَ لِتَبْلُغُوا أَجَلًا مُسَمًّى وَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ
And Said [40:67] He it is Who Created you from dust, then from a sperm, then from a clot, then Brought you forth as a child, then that you may become old, then that you may be old; and among you there are some who are caused to die before, and that you may reach an appointed term, and that perhaps you may be using your intellects.
وَ قَالَ إِنَّ فِي اخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ وَ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مِنْ رِزْقٍ فَأَحْيَا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا وَ تَصْرِيفِ الرِّيَاحِ وَ السَّحَابِ الْمُسَخَّرِ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَ الْأَرْضِ لآَيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ
And Said [45:5] And (in) the variation of the night and the day, and (in) what Allah Sends down of sustenance from the cloud, then gives life thereby to the earth after its death, and (in) the changing of the winds [2:164] and the clouds made subservient between the sky and the earth, there are signs for a people who are using their intellects.
وَ قَالَ يُحْيِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِها قَدْ بَيَّنَّا لَكُمُ الْآياتِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ
And Said [57:17] Know that Allah Revives the earth after its death; We have made the Verses clear to you so that you may use your intellects.
وَ قَالَ وَ جَنَّاتٌ مِنْ أَعْنابٍ وَ زَرْعٌ وَ نَخِيلٌ صِنْوانٌ وَ غَيْرُ صِنْوانٍ يُسْقى بِماءٍ واحِدٍ وَ نُفَضِّلُ بَعْضَها عَلى بَعْضٍ فِي الْأُكُلِ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآياتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ
And Said [13:4] And in the earth there are tracts side by side and gardens of grapes and corn and palm trees having one root and having distinct roots – they are watered with one water, and We Prefer some over the other for eating; surely there are Signs in this for a people who use their intellects.
وَ قَالَ وَ مِنْ آياتِهِ يُرِيكُمُ الْبَرْقَ خَوْفاً وَ طَمَعاً وَ يُنَزِّلُ مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً فَيُحْيِي بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِها إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآياتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ
And Said [30:24] And from His Signs is that He Shows you the lightning for fear and for hope, and Sends down water from the clouds then Gives life therewith to the earth after its death; most surely there are Signs in this for a people who are using their intellects.
وَ قَالَ قُلْ تَعالَوْا أَتْلُ ما حَرَّمَ رَبُّكُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ أَلَّا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئاً وَ بِالْوالِدَيْنِ إِحْساناً وَ لا تَقْتُلُوا أَوْلادَكُمْ مِنْ إِمْلاقٍ نَحْنُ نَرْزُقُكُمْ وَ إِيَّاهُمْ وَ لا تَقْرَبُوا الْفَواحِشَ ما ظَهَرَ مِنْها وَ ما بَطَنَ وَ لا تَقْتُلُوا النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ ذلِكُمْ وَصَّاكُمْ بِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ
And Said [6:151] Say: Come I will recite what your Lord has Forbidden to you – (remember) that you do not associate anything with Him and show kindness to your parents, and do not slay your children for (fear of) poverty – We Provide for you and for them – and do not go near to immoralities, those of them which are apparent and those which are concealed, and do not kill the soul which Allah has Forbidden except for the requirements of justice; this He has Enjoined you with that you may use your intellects.
وَ قَالَ هَلْ لَكُمْ مِنْ ما مَلَكَتْ أَيْمانُكُمْ مِنْ شُرَكاءَ فِي ما رَزَقْناكُمْ فَأَنْتُمْ فِيهِ سَواءٌ تَخافُونَهُمْ كَخِيفَتِكُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ كَذلِكَ نُفَصِّلُ الْآياتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ
And Said [30:28] He Strikes for you an example from yourselves: Have you among those whom your right hands possess partners in what We have Given you for sustenance, so that with respect to it you are alike; you fear them as you fear each other? Thus do We Make the Signs Decisive for a people who are using their intellects.
يَا هِشَامُ ثُمَّ وَعَظَ أَهْلَ الْعَقْلِ وَ رَغَّبَهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ فَقَالَ وَ مَا الْحَياةُ الدُّنْيا إِلَّا لَعِبٌ وَ لَهْوٌ وَ لَلدَّارُ الْآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لِلَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَ أَ فَلا تَعْقِلُونَ
O Hisham! Then He-azwj Advised the people of the intellects and Made them to be desirous for the Hereafter, so He-azwj Said [6:32] And this world’s life is nothing but a play and an idle sport and certainly the abode of the Hereafter is better for those who fear; are you not using your intellects?.
يَا هِشَامُ ثُمَّ خَوَّفَ الَّذِينَ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ عِقَابَهُ فَقَالَ تَعَالَى ثُمَّ دَمَّرْنَا الْآخَرِينَ. وَ إِنَّكُمْ لَتَمُرُّونَ عَلَيْهِمْ مُصْبِحِينَ. وَ بِاللَّيْلِ أَ فَلا تَعْقِلُونَ.
O Hisham! Then He-azwj Frightened those who are not using their intellects of His-azwj Punishment, so the Exalted said [37:136] Then We Destroyed the others [37:137] And you pass by them in the morning [37:138] And at night; Are you not using your intellects?
وَ قَالَ إِنَّا مُنْزِلُونَ عَلى أَهْلِ هذِهِ الْقَرْيَةِ رِجْزاً مِنَ السَّماءِ بِما كانُوا يَفْسُقُونَ وَ لَقَدْ تَرَكْنا مِنْها آيَةً بَيِّنَةً لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ
And Said [29:34] Surely We will cause to descend upon the people of this town a Punishment from heaven, due to their disobedience [29:35] And certainly We have left from it a clear evidence for a people who are using their intellects.
يَا هِشَامُ إِنَّ الْعَقْلَ مَعَ الْعِلْمِ فَقَالَ وَ تِلْكَ الْأَمْثالُ نَضْرِبُها لِلنَّاسِ وَ ما يَعْقِلُها إِلَّا الْعالِمُونَ
O Hisham! The intellect is with the knowledge, so He-azwj Said [29:43] And these examples, We Strike these for the people, and none understand them except for the learned.
يَا هِشَامُ ثُمَّ ذَمَّ الَّذِينَ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ فَقَالَ وَ إِذا قِيلَ لَهُمُ اتَّبِعُوا ما أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ قالُوا بَلْ نَتَّبِعُ ما أَلْفَيْنا عَلَيْهِ آباءَنا أَ وَ لَوْ كانَ آباؤُهُمْ لا يَعْقِلُونَ شَيْئاً وَ لا يَهْتَدُونَ
O Hisham! Then He-azwj Condemned those who are not using their intellects, so He-azwj Said [2:170] And when it is said to them, Follow what Allah has Revealed, they say: But! We follow what we found our fathers upon. What! Even though their fathers were not using their intellects on anything nor were they guided?
وَ قَالَ وَ مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي يَنْعِقُ بِما لا يَسْمَعُ إِلَّا دُعاءً وَ نِداءً صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ فَهُمْ لا يَعْقِلُونَ
And Said [2:171] And the example of those who disbelieve is as the example of the one (goat-herd) who calls out to that which hears no more than a call and a cry; deaf, dumb (and) blind, so they are not using their intellects.
وَ قَالَ وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَسْتَمِعُ إِلَيْكَ أَ فَأَنْتَ تُسْمِعُ الصُّمَّ وَ لَوْ كانُوا لا يَعْقِلُونَ
And Said [10:42] And among them are those who listen to you intently, but can you make the deaf to hear when they were not using their intellects?
وَ قَالَ أَمْ تَحْسَبُ أَنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ يَسْمَعُونَ أَوْ يَعْقِلُونَ إِنْ هُمْ إِلَّا كَالْأَنْعامِ بَلْ هُمْ أَضَلُّ سَبِيلًا
[25:44] Or do you reckon that most of them are hearing and using their intellects? They are nothing but like cattle; but, they are straying farther off from the path.
وَ قَالَ لا يُقاتِلُونَكُمْ جَمِيعاً إِلَّا فِي قُرىً مُحَصَّنَةٍ أَوْ مِنْ وَراءِ جُدُرٍ بَأْسُهُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ شَدِيدٌ تَحْسَبُهُمْ جَمِيعاً وَ قُلُوبُهُمْ شَتَّى ذلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لا يَعْقِلُونَ
And Said [59:14] They will not fight against you in a body save in fortified towns or from behind walls; their fighting between them is severe, you may think them as one body, and their hearts are disunited; that is because they are a people who are not using their intellects.
وَ قَالَ وَ تَنْسَوْنَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَ أَنْتُمْ تَتْلُونَ الْكِتابَ أَ فَلا تَعْقِلُونَ
And Said [2:44] Are you ordering the people to be good and neglecting your own souls while you read the Book; Are you not using your intellects?
يَا هِشَامُ ثُمَّ ذَمَّ اللَّهُ الْكَثْرَةَ فَقَالَ وَ إِنْ تُطِعْ أَكْثَرَ مَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ يُضِلُّوكَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ
O Hisham! Then Allah-azwj Condemned the majority, so He-azwj Said [6:116] And if you obey the majority of those in the earth, they will lead you astray from Allah’s Way.
وَ قَالَ وَ لَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ مَنْ خَلَقَ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ لَيَقُولُنَّ اللَّهُ قُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لا يَعْلَمُونَ
And Said [31:25] And if you ask them who Created the skies and the earth, they will be saying: Allah. Say: The Praise is due to Allah; But the majority of them are not knowing.
وَ قَالَ وَ لَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ مَنْ نَزَّلَ مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً فَأَحْيا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَوْتِها لَيَقُولُنَّ اللَّهُ قُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لا يَعْقِلُونَ
[29:63] And if you ask them Who is it that Sends down water from the clouds, then Gives Revives it after its death, they will certainly say, Allah. Say: All Praise is due to Allah. But the majority of them are not using their intellects.
يَا هِشَامُ ثُمَّ مَدَحَ الْقِلَّةَ فَقَالَ وَ قَلِيلٌ مِنْ عِبادِيَ الشَّكُورُ وَ قَالَ وَ قَلِيلٌ ما هُمْ
O Hisham! Then Allah-azwj Complimented the minority, so He-azwj Said [34:13] And very few of My servants are the grateful ones. And Said [38:24] and very few are they.
وَ قالَ رَجُلٌ مُؤْمِنٌ مِنْ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ يَكْتُمُ إِيمانَهُ أَ تَقْتُلُونَ رَجُلًا أَنْ يَقُولَ رَبِّيَ اللَّهُ
[40:28] And a believing man of Pharaoh’s people who concealed his faith said: Will you slay a man because he says: My Lord is Allah.
وَ قَالَ وَ مَنْ آمَنَ وَ ما آمَنَ مَعَهُ إِلَّا قَلِيلٌ
And Said [11:40] and those who believe, and there did not believe with him but a few.
وَ قَالَ وَ لكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ لا يَعْلَمُونَ
And Said [6:37] but the majority of them are not knowing.
وَ قَالَ وَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لا يَعْقِلُونَ
And Said [5:103] and the majority of them are not using their intellects.
وَ قَالَ وَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ
And said: “The majority of them are not realizing”.[13]
يَا هِشَامُ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ أُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ بِأَحْسَنِ الذِّكْرِ وَ حَلَّاهُمْ بِأَحْسَنِ الْحِلْيَةِ فَقَالَ يُؤْتِي الْحِكْمَةَ مَنْ يَشاءُ وَ مَنْ يُؤْتَ الْحِكْمَةَ فَقَدْ أُوتِيَ خَيْراً كَثِيراً وَ ما يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّا أُولُوا الْأَلْبابِ
O Hisham! Then He-azwj Mentioned the ones of the understanding with the best of the mentions, and Adorned them with the best of the adornments, so He-azwj Said [2:269] He Gives the Wisdom to whomsoever He so Desires to, and whoever is Give the Wisdom, he indeed is Given a lot of good, and none but people of understanding mind.
وَ قَالَ وَ الرَّاسِخُونَ فِي الْعِلْمِ يَقُولُونَ آمَنَّا بِهِ كُلٌّ مِنْ عِنْدِ رَبِّنا وَ ما يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّا أُولُوا الْأَلْبابِ
And Said [3:7] and those who are firmly rooted in the Knowledge say: We believe in it, it is all from our Lord; and none do mind except those having understanding.
وَ قَالَ إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ اخْتِلافِ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهارِ لَآياتٍ لِأُولِي الْأَلْبابِ
And Said [3:190] Most surely in the Creation of the skies and the earth and the alternation of the night and the day there are Signs for men who understand.
وَ قَالَ أَ فَمَنْ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّما أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَبِّكَ الْحَقُّ كَمَنْ هُوَ أَعْمى إِنَّما يَتَذَكَّرُ أُولُوا الْأَلْبابِ
And Said [13:19] Is he then who knows that what has been Revealed to you from your Lord is the Truth like him who is blind? But rather, only those possessing understanding will mind.
وَ قَالَ أَمَّنْ هُوَ قانِتٌ آناءَ اللَّيْلِ ساجِداً وَ قائِماً يَحْذَرُ الْآخِرَةَ وَ يَرْجُوا رَحْمَةَ رَبِّهِ قُلْ هَلْ يَسْتَوِي الَّذِينَ يَعْلَمُونَ وَ الَّذِينَ لا يَعْلَمُونَ إِنَّما يَتَذَكَّرُ أُولُوا الْأَلْبابِ
And Said [39:9] Safe is He who is obedient during the hours of the night, prostrating himself and standing, cautious of the Hereafter and hopes for the Mercy of his Lord. Say: Are those who know and those who do not know alike? But rather, it is the men of understanding who are mindful.
وَ قَالَ كِتابٌ أَنْزَلْناهُ إِلَيْكَ مُبارَكٌ لِيَدَّبَّرُوا آياتِهِ وَ لِيَتَذَكَّرَ أُولُوا الْأَلْبابِ
And Said [38:29] (It is) a Book We have Revealed to you, Blessed, that they may ponder over its Signs, and that those endowed with understanding may be mindful.
وَ قَالَ وَ لَقَدْ آتَيْنا مُوسَى الْهُدى وَ أَوْرَثْنا بَنِي إِسْرائِيلَ الْكِتابَ هُدىً وَ ذِكْرى لِأُولِي الْأَلْبابِ
And Said [40:53] And We Gave Musa the Guidance, and We made the children of Israel inherit the Book, [40:54] A Guidance and a Reminder to the men of understanding.
وَ قَالَ وَ ذَكِّرْ فَإِنَّ الذِّكْرى تَنْفَعُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
And Said [51:55] And continue to remind, for surely the reminder profits the Believers.
يَا هِشَامُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَذِكْرى لِمَنْ كانَ لَهُ قَلْبٌ يَعْنِي عَقْلٌ
O Hisham! Allah-azwj the Exalted is Saying in His-azwj Book [50:37] Most surely there is a Reminder in this for him who has a heart or listens – Meaning the intellect.
وَ قَالَ وَ لَقَدْ آتَيْنا لُقْمانَ الْحِكْمَةَ قَالَ الْفَهْمَ وَ الْعَقْلَ
And Said [31:12] And We Gave the Wisdom to Luqman – The understanding and the intellect.
يَا هِشَامُ إِنَّ لُقْمَانَ قَالَ لِابْنِهِ تَوَاضَعْ لِلْحَقِّ تَكُنْ أَعْقَلَ النَّاسِ وَ إِنَّ الْكَيِّسَ لَدَى الْحَقِّ يَسِيرٌ يَا بُنَيَّ إِنَّ الدُّنْيَا بَحْرٌ عَمِيقٌ قَدْ غَرِقَ فِيهَا عَالَمٌ كَثِيرٌ فَلْتَكُنْ سَفِينَتُكَ فِيهَا تَقْوَى اللَّهِ وَ حَشْوُهَا الْإِيمَانَ وَ شِرَاعُهَا التَّوَكُّلَ وَ قَيِّمُهَا الْعَقْلَ وَ دَلِيلُهَا الْعِلْمَ وَ سُكَّانُهَا الصَّبْرَ
O Hisham! Luqman-as said to his-as son: ‘Be humble to the Truth, you will come to be the most intellectual of the people, and that the attractiveness in front of the Truth is of little (value). O my-as son! The world is a deep ocean. A lot of learned people have drowned in it, therefore make your ship in it to be the fear of Allah-azwj, and the Eman to be its load, and the reliance (upon Allah-azwj) as its sails, and the intellect as its captain, and the knowledge as its indicator (navigator), and the patience as its passenger’.
يَا هِشَامُ إِنَّ لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ دَلِيلًا وَ دَلِيلُ الْعَقْلِ التَّفَكُّرُ وَ دَلِيلُ التَّفَكُّرِ الصَّمْتُ وَ لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ مَطِيَّةً وَ مَطِيَّةُ الْعَقْلِ التَّوَاضُعُ وَ كَفَى بِكَ جَهْلًا أَنْ تَرْكَبَ مَا نُهِيْتَ عَنْهُ
O Hisham! For everything there is an indicator, and the indicator for the intellect is the pondering, and the indicator of the pondering is the silence. And for everything there is a ride, and a ride of the intellect is the humbleness and it would suffice with you as being an ignorant one if you were to indulge in what you have been Forbidden from.
يَا هِشَامُ مَا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ أَنْبِيَاءَهُ وَ رُسُلَهُ إِلَى عِبَادِهِ إِلَّا لِيَعْقِلُوا عَنِ اللَّهِ فَأَحْسَنُهُمُ اسْتِجَابَةً أَحْسَنُهُمْ مَعْرِفَةً وَ أَعْلَمُهُمْ بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ أَحْسَنُهُمْ عَقْلًا وَ أَكْمَلُهُمْ عَقْلًا أَرْفَعُهُمْ دَرَجَةً فِي الدُّنْيَا وَ الْآخِرَةِ
O Hisham! Allah-azwj did not Send His-azwj Prophets-as and His-azwj Rasools-as to His-azwj servant except that they-as would be using their-as intellects about Allah-azwj. Therefore, the best of them-as in Answering is the best of them-as in understanding, and the most knowledgeable of them-as with the Commands of Allah-azwj is the best of them-as in intellect, and the most perfect of them-as in intellect is the highest of them-as in status in the world and the Hereafter.
يَا هِشَامُ إِنَّ لِلَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حُجَّتَيْنِ حُجَّةً ظَاهِرَةً وَ حُجَّةً بَاطِنَةً فَأَمَّا الظَّاهِرَةُ فَالرُّسُلُ وَ الْأَنْبِيَاءُ وَ الْأَئِمَّةُ ( عليهم السلام ) وَ أَمَّا الْبَاطِنَةُ فَالْعُقُولُ
O Hisham! For Allah-azwj, upon the people, are two (kinds of) Proofs – an apparent Proof and a hidden Proof. As for the apparent Proofs, so these are the Rasools-as, and the Prophets-as, and the Imams-asws; and as for the hidden, so these are the intellects.
يَا هِشَامُ إِنَّ الْعَاقِلَ الَّذِي لَا يَشْغَلُ الْحَلَالُ شُكْرَهُ وَ لَا يَغْلِبُ الْحَرَامُ صَبْرَهُ
O Hisham! The intellectual is the one whom the Permissible do not pre-occupy him from thanking Him-azwj, nor do the Prohibitions overcome his patience.
يَا هِشَامُ مَنْ سَلَّطَ ثَلَاثاً عَلَى ثَلَاثٍ فَكَأَنَّمَا أَعَانَ عَلَى هَدْمِ عَقْلِهِ مَنْ أَظْلَمَ نُورُ تَفَكُّرِهِ بِطُولِ أَمَلِهِ وَ مَحَا طَرَائِفَ حِكْمَتِهِ بِفُضُولِ كَلَامِهِ وَ أَطْفَأَ نُورَ عِبْرَتِهِ بِشَهَوَاتِ نَفْسِهِ فَكَأَنَّمَا أَعَانَ هَوَاهُ عَلَى هَدْمِ عَقْلِهِ وَ مَنْ هَدَمَ عَقْلَهُ أَفْسَدَ عَلَيْهِ دِينَهُ وَ دُنْيَاهُ
O Hisham! The one whom three (things) overcome three (things) so it is as if he is assisted upon the ruination of his own intellect – the one who darkens the light of his pondering by the prolongation of his expectancies, and his antics delete his wisdom by the vanities of his speech, and he extinguishes the light of his learning (lessons) by the lustful desires of his self. Thus, it is as if he is assisting himself upon the ruination of his own intellect. And the one who ruins his intellect, his Religion and his world would be spoilt upon him.
يَا هِشَامُ كَيْفَ يَزْكُو عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَمَلُكَ وَ أَنْتَ قَدْ شَغَلْتَ قَلْبَكَ عَنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّكَ وَ أَطَعْتَ هَوَاكَ عَلَى غَلَبَةِ عَقْلِكَ
O Hisham! How can your deeds be Purified in the Presence of Allah-azwj and you have pre-occupied your heart from (obeying) the Commands of your Lord-azwj and are obeying your own whims upon overcoming your own intellect?
يَا هِشَامُ الصَّبْرُ عَلَى الْوَحْدَةِ عَلَامَةُ قُوَّةِ الْعَقْلِ فَمَنْ عَقَلَ عَنِ اللَّهِ اعْتَزَلَ أَهْلَ الدُّنْيَا وَ الرَّاغِبِينَ فِيهَا وَ رَغِبَ فِيمَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَ كَانَ اللَّهُ أُنْسَهُ فِي الْوَحْشَةِ وَ صَاحِبَهُ فِي الْوَحْدَةِ وَ غِنَاهُ فِي الْعَيْلَةِ وَ مُعِزَّهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ عَشِيرَةٍ
O Hisham! The patience upon the loneliness is a sign of the strength of the intellect. So the one who uses his intellect about Allah-azwj would isolate himself from the people of the world and the ones who are desirous (for it) therein, and he would be desirous regarding what is in the Presence of Allah-azwj; and it would that Allah-azwj would be his Comfort during the fear, and his Companion during the loneliness, and his Richness during the poverty, and his Consolation from without (having) a tribe.
يَا هِشَامُ نَصْبُ الْحَقِّ لِطَاعَةِ اللَّهِ وَ لَا نَجَاةَ إِلَّا بِالطَّاعَةِ وَ الطَّاعَةُ بِالْعِلْمِ وَ الْعِلْمُ بِالتَّعَلُّمِ وَ التَّعَلُّمُ بِالْعَقْلِ يُعْتَقَدُ وَ لَا عِلْمَ إِلَّا مِنْ عَالِمٍ رَبَّانِيٍّ وَ مَعْرِفَةُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْعَقْلِ
O Hisham! Establish the Truth for the obedience of Allah-azwj, and there is no salvation except by the obedience, and the obedience is with the knowledge, and the knowledge is with the learning, and the learning is with the intellectual thought; and there is no knowledge except from a Divine Scholar-asws, and the recognition of the knowledge is with the intellect.
يَا هِشَامُ قَلِيلُ الْعَمَلِ مِنَ الْعَالِمِ مَقْبُولٌ مُضَاعَفٌ وَ كَثِيرُ الْعَمَلِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْهَوَى وَ الْجَهْلِ مَرْدُودٌ
O Hisham! The few deeds from the learned are Accepted (and) multiplied, and the abundant deeds from the people of the opinions and the ignorant ones are rejected.
يَا هِشَامُ إِنَّ الْعَاقِلَ رَضِيَ بِالدُّونِ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا مَعَ الْحِكْمَةِ وَ لَمْ يَرْضَ بِالدُّونِ مِنَ الْحِكْمَةِ مَعَ الدُّنْيَا فَلِذَلِكَ رَبِحَتْ تِجَارَتُهُمْ
O Hisham! The intellectual is pleased with the less from the world along with the wisdom, but he would not be pleased with the less from the wisdom along with the (whole) world. Thus, due to that, their trade is profitable.
يَا هِشَامُ إِنَّ الْعُقَلَاءَ تَرَكُوا فُضُولَ الدُّنْيَا فَكَيْفَ الذُّنُوبَ وَ تَرْكُ الدُّنْيَا مِنَ الْفَضْلِ وَ تَرْكُ الذُّنُوبِ مِنَ الْفَرْضِ
O Hisham! The intellectual ones are neglecting the vanities of the world, so how (would they not neglect) the sins, and the neglect of the world is from the merits and neglect of the sins is from the Obligations.
يَا هِشَامُ إِنَّ الْعَاقِلَ نَظَرَ إِلَى الدُّنْيَا وَ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا فَعَلِمَ أَنَّهَا لَا تُنَالُ إِلَّا بِالْمَشَقَّةِ وَ نَظَرَ إِلَى الْآخِرَةِ فَعَلِمَ أَنَّهَا لَا تُنَالُ إِلَّا بِالْمَشَقَّةِ فَطَلَبَ بِالْمَشَقَّةِ أَبْقَاهُمَا
O Hisham! The intellectual would look at the world and at its inhabitants, so he would know that it cannot be attained except with the difficulties; and he would look at the Hereafter, so he would know that it cannot be attained except with the difficulties. Thus, he would seek with the difficulties the one which remain (forever) from the two.
يَا هِشَامُ إِنَّ الْعُقَلَاءَ زَهِدُوا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَ رَغِبُوا فِي الْآخِرَةِ لِأَنَّهُمْ عَلِمُوا أَنَّ الدُّنْيَا طَالِبَةٌ مَطْلُوبَةٌ وَ الْآخِرَةَ طَالِبَةٌ وَ مَطْلُوبَةٌ فَمَنْ طَلَبَ الْآخِرَةَ طَلَبَتْهُ الدُّنْيَا حَتَّى يَسْتَوْفِيَ مِنْهَا رِزْقَهُ وَ مَنْ طَلَبَ الدُّنْيَا طَلَبَتْهُ الْآخِرَةُ فَيَأْتِيهِ الْمَوْتُ فَيُفْسِدُ عَلَيْهِ دُنْيَاهُ وَ آخِرَتَهُ
O Hisham! The intellectuals are ascetic regarding the world and are desirous regarding the Hereafter, because they know that the world is a seeker and is sought, and the Hereafter is a seeker and is sought. Thus, the one who seeks the Hereafter, he would seek the world (to the extent) until it fulfils his sustenance from it, and the one who seeks the world, the Hereafter would seek him, and the death would come to him, so it would spoil his world upon him and (as well as) his Hereafter.
يَا هِشَامُ مَنْ أَرَادَ الْغِنَى بِلَا مَالٍ وَ رَاحَةَ الْقَلْبِ مِنَ الْحَسَدِ وَ السَّلَامَةَ فِي الدِّينِ فَلْيَتَضَرَّعْ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي مَسْأَلَتِهِ بِأَنْ يُكَمِّلَ عَقْلَهُ فَمَنْ عَقَلَ قَنِعَ بِمَا يَكْفِيهِ وَ مَنْ قَنِعَ بِمَا يَكْفِيهِ اسْتَغْنَى وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَقْنَعْ بِمَا يَكْفِيهِ لَمْ يُدْرِكِ الْغِنَى أَبَداً
O Hisham! The one who intends the abundance without wealth, and at ease his heart from the envy, and the safety in the Religion, so let him beseech to Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic that his intellect is to be perfected. So the one who has intellect would be content with whatever would suffice him, and the one who is contented with whatever suffices him, would be needless, and the one who is not content with what suffices him, would not achieve the riches, ever’.
يَا هِشَامُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَكَى عَنْ قَوْمٍ صَالِحِينَ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا رَبَّنا لا تُزِغْ قُلُوبَنا بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَيْتَنا وَ هَبْ لَنا مِنْ لَدُنْكَ رَحْمَةً إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْوَهَّابُ حِينَ عَلِمُوا أَنَّ الْقُلُوبَ تَزِيغُ وَ تَعُودُ إِلَى عَمَاهَا وَ رَدَاهَا
O Hisham! Allah-azwj has Related about a righteous people that they were saying [3:8] Our Lord! Do not Let our hearts to deviate after You have Guided us aright, and Grant us Mercy from You; surely You are the Bestower, when they came to know that the hearts do deviate and returns to their blindness and their rejections.
إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَخَفِ اللَّهَ مَنْ لَمْ يَعْقِلْ عَنِ اللَّهِ وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَعْقِلْ عَنِ اللَّهِ لَمْ يَعْقِدْ قَلْبَهُ عَلَى مَعْرِفَةٍ ثَابِتَةٍ يُبْصِرُهَا وَ يَجِدُ حَقِيقَتَهَا فِي قَلْبِهِ وَ لَا يَكُونُ أَحَدٌ كَذَلِكَ إِلَّا مَنْ كَانَ قَوْلُهُ لِفِعْلِهِ مُصَدِّقاً وَ سِرُّهُ لِعَلَانِيَتِهِ مُوَافِقاً لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ اسْمُهُ لَمْ يَدُلَّ عَلَى الْبَاطِنِ الْخَفِيِّ مِنَ الْعَقْلِ إِلَّا بِظَاهِرٍ مِنْهُ وَ نَاطِقٍ عَنْهُ
He does not fear Allah-azwj, the one who does not use his intellect about Allah-azwj, and the one who does not use his intellect about Allah-azwj, would not have certainty of his heart upon the affirmed recognition to see it and find its reality in his heart; and no one can happen to be like that except the one whose word were endorsed by his deeds, and his private and public (matters) were harmonious, because Allah-azwj, Blessed is His-azwj Name, does not Indicate upon the hidden (matters), concealed from the intellect, except by the apparent from it and the Spoken about it.
يَا هِشَامُ كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ مَا عُبِدَ اللَّهُ بِشَيْءٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنَ الْعَقْلِ وَ مَا تَمَّ عَقْلُ امْرِئٍ حَتَّى يَكُونَ فِيهِ خِصَالٌ شَتَّى الْكُفْرُ وَ الشَّرُّ مِنْهُ مَأْمُونَانِ وَ الرُّشْدُ وَ الْخَيْرُ مِنْهُ مَأْمُولَانِ وَ فَضْلُ مَالِهِ مَبْذُولٌ وَ فَضْلُ قَوْلِهِ مَكْفُوفٌ وَ نَصِيبُهُ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا الْقُوتُ
O Hisham! It was so that Amir Al-Momineen-asws was saying: ‘Allah-azwj has not been worshipped with anything superior than the intellect’. And the intellect of a person cannot be completed until there happen to be various characteristics in him – The (people would be) secured from (any form of) disbelief and the evil (being exercised) from him, and both the righteous guidance and the goodness be expected from him; he would give away from the excess of his wealth, and he would restrain from the excess of his words, and his share from the world would (just) be the subsistence.
لَا يَشْبَعُ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ دَهْرَهُ الذُّلُّ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِ مَعَ اللَّهِ مِنَ الْعِزِّ مَعَ غَيْرِهِ وَ التَّوَاضُعُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الشَّرَفِ يَسْتَكْثِرُ قَلِيلَ الْمَعْرُوفِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ وَ يَسْتَقِلُّ كَثِيرَ الْمَعْرُوفِ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ وَ يَرَى النَّاسَ كُلَّهُمْ خَيْراً مِنْهُ وَ أَنَّهُ شَرُّهُمْ فِي نَفْسِهِ وَ هُوَ تَمَامُ الْأَمْرِ
He would never consider himself that he has learned enough his life-time. To be with Allah-azwj, although in a very humble state, is far better to him (a person of intelligence) than to live much honoured with others. He would consider it as a lot, the little goodness from others, and he would consider it as little, the abundant goodness from himself; and he would see the people, all of them, better than him, and that he (would consider) within himself as the most evil of them. And it is the complete matter.
يَا هِشَامُ إِنَّ الْعَاقِلَ لَا يَكْذِبُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ فِيهِ هَوَاهُ
O Hisham! The intellectual would not lie, and even though there are personal desires in him.
يَا هِشَامُ لَا دِينَ لِمَنْ لَا مُرُوَّةَ لَهُ وَ لَا مُرُوَّةَ لِمَنْ لَا عَقْلَ لَهُ وَ إِنَّ أَعْظَمَ النَّاسِ قَدْراً الَّذِي لَا يَرَى الدُّنْيَا لِنَفْسِهِ خَطَراً أَمَا إِنَّ أَبْدَانَكُمْ لَيْسَ لَهَا ثَمَنٌ إِلَّا الْجَنَّةُ فَلَا تَبِيعُوهَا بِغَيْرِهَا
O Hisham! There is no Religion for the one who has no magnanimity for him, and there is no magnanimity for the one who has no intellect for him; and that the greatest of the people in worth is the one who does not see the world for himself as a threat. However, there is no price for yourself (your bodies) other than the Paradise, therefore do not sell it for something else.
يَا هِشَامُ إِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) كَانَ يَقُولُ إِنَّ مِنْ عَلَامَةِ الْعَاقِلِ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِيهِ ثَلَاثُ خِصَالٍ يُجِيبُ إِذَا سُئِلَ وَ يَنْطِقُ إِذَا عَجَزَ الْقَوْمُ عَنِ الْكَلَامِ وَ يُشِيرُ بِالرَّأْيِ الَّذِي يَكُونُ فِيهِ صَلَاحُ أَهْلِهِ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْخِصَالِ الثَّلَاثِ شَيْءٌ فَهُوَ أَحْمَقُ
O Hisham! Amir Al-Momineen-asws was saying: ‘From the signs of an intellectual is that there happen to be three characteristics in him – he answers (only) when questioned, speaking when the people are unable to say (anything), and he advises people with the opinion where there is a correctness for them. So the one who does not possess anything from these three characteristics, so he is an idiot.
إِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لَا يَجْلِسُ فِي صَدْرِ الْمَجْلِسِ إِلَّا رَجُلٌ فِيهِ هَذِهِ الْخِصَالُ الثَّلَاثُ أَوْ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ مِنْهُنَّ فَجَلَسَ فَهُوَ أَحْمَقُ
Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘A man should not sit at the top (podium) of the gathering (presiding over it) except these three characteristics are in him, or (at least) one of these. So the one who does not happen to have anything from these in him, and he sits (presides), so he is an idiot.
وَ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ ( عليه السلام )إِذَا طَلَبْتُمُ الْحَوَائِجَ فَاطْلُبُوهَا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا قِيلَ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَ مَنْ أَهْلُهَا قَالَ الَّذِينَ قَصَّ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ وَ ذَكَرَهُمْ فَقَالَ إِنَّما يَتَذَكَّرُ أُولُوا الْأَلْبابِ قَالَ هُمْ أُولُو الْعُقُولِ
Al-Hassan-asws Bin Ali-asws said: ‘Whenever you see the needs, so seek them from its rightful ones’. It was said, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! And who are its rightful ones-asws?’ He-asws said: ‘Those-asws whom Allah-azwj has Related in His-azwj Book and Mentioned them-asws Saying [13:19] But rather, only those possessing understanding will mind.
وَ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ( عليه السلام ) مُجَالَسَةُ الصَّالِحِينَ دَاعِيَةٌ إِلَى الصَّلَاحِ وَ آدَابُ الْعُلَمَاءِ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الْعَقْلِ وَ طَاعَةُ وُلَاةِ الْعَدْلِ تَمَامُ الْعِزِّ وَ اسْتِثْمَارُ الْمَالِ تَمَامُ الْمُرُوءَةِ وَ إِرْشَادُ الْمُسْتَشِيرِ قَضَاءٌ لِحَقِّ النِّعْمَةِ وَ كَفُّ الْأَذَى مِنْ كَمَالِ الْعَقْلِ وَ فِيهِ رَاحَةُ الْبَدَنِ عَاجِلًا وَ آجِلًا
And Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws said: ‘(Sitting in the) gatherings of the righteous makes one to be virtious, and association with scholars-asws (is a means of) enhancing one’s intellect, and obedience to the just rulers completes the honour. And an investment of wealth for profit is a dignifying practice, and guiding the consulting one is a fulfilment of the rights of the favour; and restraint from harming (others) is from the perfection of the intellect, and therein is rest for the body, now and later on.
يَا هِشَامُ إِنَّ الْعَاقِلَ لَا يُحَدِّثُ مَنْ يَخَافُ تَكْذِيبَهُ وَ لَا يَسْأَلُ مَنْ يَخَافُ مَنْعَهُ وَ لَا يَعِدُ مَا لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَيْهِ وَ لَا يَرْجُو مَا يُعَنَّفُ بِرَجَائِهِ وَ لَا يُقْدِمُ عَلَى مَا يَخَافُ فَوْتَهُ بِالْعَجْزِ عَنْهُ .
O Hisham! Neither does the intellectual narrate out of fear of being belied, nor does he ask (for help) out of fear of being prevented, nor does he count on what he has no ability over, nor does he hope in what he would be scolded with his hopes, nor does he proceed upon what he fears he is unable to accomplish’.[14]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) الْعَقْلُ غِطَاءٌ سَتِيرٌ وَ الْفَضْلُ جَمَالٌ ظَاهِرٌ فَاسْتُرْ خَلَلَ خُلُقِكَ بِفَضْلِكَ وَ قَاتِلْ هَوَاكَ بِعَقْلِكَ تَسْلَمْ لَكَ الْمَوَدَّةُ وَ تَظْهَرْ لَكَ الْمَحَبَّةُ .
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, raising it, said,
‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘The intellect is a covering veil, and the merit is an apparent beauty, therefore veil the beauty of your mannerisms by your merit, and fight against your personal desires by your intellect, (and) the cordiality would be submissive to you and the love would manifest for you’.[15]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَدِيدٍ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ قَالَ كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) وَ عِنْدَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ مَوَالِيهِ فَجَرَى ذِكْرُ الْعَقْلِ وَ الْجَهْلِ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) اعْرِفُوا الْعَقْلَ وَ جُنْدَهُ وَ الْجَهْلَ وَ جُنْدَهُ تَهْتَدُوا قَالَ سَمَاعَةُ فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ لَا نَعْرِفُ إِلَّا مَا عَرَّفْتَنَا
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Hadeed, from Sama’at Bin Mihran who said,
‘I was in the presence of Abu Abdullah-asws, and in his-asws presence was a group of the ones in his-asws Wilayah, and the mention of the intellect and the ignorance, flowed. So Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Recognise the intellect and its army and the ignorance and its army, and you would be rightly guided’. Sama’at (the narrator) said, ‘So I said to him-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! We do not recognise anything except what you-asws have introduced to us’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ خَلَقَ الْعَقْلَ وَ هُوَ أَوَّلُ خَلْقٍ مِنَ الرُّوحَانِيِّينَ عَنْ يَمِينِ الْعَرْشِ مِنْ نُورِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَدْبِرْ فَأَدْبَرَ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ أَقْبِلْ فَأَقْبَلَ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى خَلَقْتُكَ خَلْقاً عَظِيماً وَ كَرَّمْتُكَ عَلَى جَمِيعِ خَلْقِي
So Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Created the intellect, and it was the first thing Created, from the spiritual (creations), from the right of the Throne, from His-azwj Light. So He-azwj Said to it: “Turn around!” So it turned around. Then Said: “Come!” So it came”. So Allah-azwj Blessed and High Said: “I-azwj have Created you as a magnificent creation and Honoured you upon the entirety of My-azwj creation’.
قَالَ ثُمَّ خَلَقَ الْجَهْلَ مِنَ الْبَحْرِ الْأُجَاجِ ظُلْمَانِيّاً فَقَالَ لَهُ أَدْبِرْ فَأَدْبَرَ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ أَقْبِلْ فَلَمْ يُقْبِلْ فَقَالَ لَهُ اسْتَكْبَرْتَ فَلَعَنَهُ
He-asws said: ‘Then He-azwj Created the ignorance from the dark wavy ocean. So He-azwj Said to it: “Turn around!” So it turned around. Then Said to it: “Come!” But it did not come. So He-azwj Said to it: “You are being arrogant?” So He-azwj Cursed it.
جَعَلَ لِلْعَقْلِ خَمْسَةً وَ سَبْعِينَ جُنْداً فَلَمَّا رَأَى الْجَهْلُ مَا أَكْرَمَ اللَّهُ بِهِ الْعَقْلَ وَ مَا أَعْطَاهُ أَضْمَرَ لَهُ الْعَدَاوَةَ فَقَالَ الْجَهْلُ يَا رَبِّ هَذَا خَلْقٌ مِثْلِي خَلَقْتَهُ وَ كَرَّمْتَهُ وَ قَوَّيْتَهُ وَ أَنَا ضِدُّهُ وَ لَا قُوَّةَ لِي بِهِ فَأَعْطِنِي مِنَ الْجُنْدِ مِثْلَ مَا أَعْطَيْتَهُ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ فَإِنْ عَصَيْتَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَخْرَجْتُكَ وَ جُنْدَكَ مِنْ رَحْمَتِي قَالَ قَدْ رَضِيتُ ثُمَّ فَأَعْطَاهُ خَمْسَةً وَ سَبْعِينَ جُنْداً
Then He-azwj Made seventy-five armies for the intellect. So when the ignorance saw what Allah-azwj had Honoured the intellect with and what He-azwj had Granted it, (ignorance) harboured the enmity for it. So the ignorance said, ‘O Lord-azwj! This is a creation like me. You-azwj Created it, and Honoured it, and Strengthened it, and I am its opposite, and there is not (enough) strength for me in comparison. Therefore, Grant me an army similar to what You-azwj had Granted it’. So He-azwj Said: “Yes. But, if you were to disobey Me-azwj after that, I-azwj shall Throw you and your army out of My-azwj Mercy’. It said, ‘I have agreed’. Then He-azwj Granted it seventy-five armies.
فَكَانَ مِمَّا أَعْطَى الْعَقْلَ مِنَ الْخَمْسَةِ وَ السَّبْعِينَ الْجُنْدَ الْخَيْرُ وَ هُوَ وَزِيرُ الْعَقْلِ وَ جَعَلَ ضِدَّهُ الشَّرَّ وَ هُوَ وَزِيرُ الْجَهْلِ وَ الْإِيمَانُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْكُفْرَ وَ التَّصْدِيقُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْجُحُودَ وَ الرَّجَاءُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْقُنُوطَ وَ الْعَدْلُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْجَوْرَ وَ الرِّضَا وَ ضِدَّهُ السُّخْطَ وَ الشُّكْرُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْكُفْرَانَ وَ الطَّمَعُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْيَأْسَ
Thus, from what He-azwj Granted to the intellect, from the seventy five armies was the goodness, and it is the Vizier of the intellect; and Made its opposite to be the evil, and it is the Vizier of the ignorance; and the Eman, and its opposite is the disbelief; and the confirmation, and its opposite is the denial; and the hope, and its opposite is the despair; and the justice, and its opposite is the tyranny; and the pleasure, and its opposite is the anger; and the gratefulness, and its opposite is the ingratitude; and the longing, and its opposite is the hopelessness.
وَ التَّوَكُّلُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْحِرْصَ وَ الرَّأْفَةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا الْقَسْوَةَ وَ الرَّحْمَةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا الْغَضَبَ وَ الْعِلْمُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْجَهْلَ وَ الْفَهْمُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْحُمْقَ وَ الْعِفَّةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا التَّهَتُّكَ وَ الزُّهْدُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الرَّغْبَةَ وَ الرِّفْقُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْخُرْقَ وَ الرَّهْبَةُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْجُرْأَةَ وَ التَّوَاضُعُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْكِبْرَ وَ التُّؤَدَةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا التَّسَرُّعَ
And the reliance (upon Allah-azwj), and its opposite is the independence; and the clemency, and its opposite is the cruelty; and the mercy, and its opposite is the wrath, and the knowledge, and its opposite is the ignorance; and the understanding, and its opposite is the stupidity, and the chastity, and its opposite is the indecency, and ascetism, and its opposite is the desire; and the gentleness, and its opposite is the harshness; and the awe, and its opposite is the audacity; and the humbleness, and its opposite is the arrogance; and the leisureliness, and its opposite is the impulsiveness.
وَ الْحِلْمُ وَ ضِدَّهَا السَّفَهَ وَ الصَّمْتُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْهَذَرَ وَ الِاسْتِسْلَامُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الِاسْتِكْبَارَ وَ التَّسْلِيمُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الشَّكَّ وَ الصَّبْرُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْجَزَعَ وَ الصَّفْحُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الِانْتِقَامَ وَ الْغِنَى وَ ضِدَّهُ الْفَقْرَ وَ التَّذَكُّرُ وَ ضِدَّهُ السَّهْوَ وَ الْحِفْظُ وَ ضِدَّهُ النِّسْيَانَ وَ التَّعَطُّفُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْقَطِيعَةَ وَ الْقُنُوعُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْحِرْصَ وَ الْمُؤَاسَاةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا الْمَنْعَ
And the forbearance, and its opposite is the recklessness; and the silence, and its opposite is the chatter; and the submission, and its opposite is the arrogance; and the acceptance, and its opposite is the doubt; and the patience, and its opposite is the panic; and the pardoning, and its opposite is the revenge; and the richness, and its opposite is the poverty; and the remembrance, and its opposite is the omission; and the memorisation, and its opposite is the forgetfulness; and the sympathising, and its opposite is the severing (relationship); and the contentment, and its opposite is the greed; and the consolation, and its opposite is the commiseration.
وَ الْمَوَدَّةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا الْعَدَاوَةَ وَ الْوَفَاءُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْغَدْرَ وَ الطَّاعَةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا الْمَعْصِيَةَ وَ الْخُضُوعُ وَ ضِدَّهُ التَّطَاوُلَ وَ السَّلَامَةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا الْبَلَاءَ وَ الْحُبُّ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْبُغْضَ وَ الصِّدْقُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْكَذِبَ وَ الْحَقُّ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْبَاطِلَ وَ الْأَمَانَةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا الْخِيَانَةَ وَ الْإِخْلَاصُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الشَّوْبَ وَ الشَّهَامَةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا الْبَلَادَةَ
And the cordiality, and its opposite is the enmity; and the loyalty, and its opposite is the betrayal; and the obedience, and its opposite is the disobedience; and the yielding, and its opposite is the insolence; and the safety, and its opposite is the affliction; and the love, and its opposite is the hatred; and the truthfulness, and its opposite is the lying; and the truth, and its opposite is the falsehood; and the trustworthiness, and its opposite is the defrauding; and the purity, and its opposite is the adulteration; and the chivalry, and its opposite is the apathy.
وَ الْفَهْمُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْغَبَاوَةَ وَ الْمَعْرِفَةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا الْإِنْكَارَ وَ الْمُدَارَاةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا الْمُكَاشَفَةَ وَ سَلَامَةُ الْغَيْبِ وَ ضِدَّهَا الْمُمَاكَرَةَ وَ الْكِتْمَانُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْإِفْشَاءَ وَ الصَّلَاةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا الْإِضَاعَةَ وَ الصَّوْمُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْإِفْطَارَ وَ الْجِهَادُ وَ ضِدَّهُ النُّكُولَ وَ الْحَجُّ وَ ضِدَّهُ نَبْذَ الْمِيثَاقِ
And the understanding, and its opposite is the foolishness; and the recognition, and its opposite is the denial; and the compliance, and its opposite is the disclosure; and safeguarding the hidden matters, and its opposite is the non-restraint; and the concealment, and its opposite is the disclosure; and the Salāt, and its opposite is the wastage (not praying); and the Fasting, and its opposite is the abandoning (of Fasting); and the Jihad, and its opposite is the abstaining; and the Hajj, and its opposite is renouncing the Covenant.
وَ صَوْنُ الْحَدِيثِ وَ ضِدَّهُ النَّمِيمَةَ وَ بِرُّ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْعُقُوقَ وَ الْحَقِيقَةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا الرِّيَاءَ وَ الْمَعْرُوفُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْمُنْكَرَ وَ السَّتْرُ وَ ضِدَّهُ التَّبَرُّجَ وَ التَّقِيَّةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا الْإِذَاعَةَ وَ الْإِنْصَافُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْحَمِيَّةَ وَ التَّهْيِئَةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا الْبَغْيَ وَ النَّظَافَةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا الْقَذَرَ
And preservation of the Hadeeth, and its opposite is the gossiping; and righteousness with the parents, and its opposite is the disloyalty; and the reality, and its opposite is the showing-off; and the goodness, and its opposite is the evil; and the covering up, and its opposite is the shameless display; and the dissimulation, and its opposite is the broadcasting; and the fairness, and its opposite is prejudice; and the calmness, and its opposite is the rebellion, and the cleanliness, and its opposite is the filth.
وَ الْحَيَاءُ وَ ضِدَّهَا الْجَلَعَ وَ الْقَصْدُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْعُدْوَانَ وَ الرَّاحَةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا التَّعَبَ وَ السُّهُولَةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا الصُّعُوبَةَ وَ الْبَرَكَةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا الْمَحْقَ وَ الْعَافِيَةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا الْبَلَاءَ وَ الْقَوَامُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْمُكَاثَرَةَ وَ الْحِكْمَةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا الْهَوَاءَ وَ الْوَقَارُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْخِفَّةَ وَ السَّعَادَةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا الشَّقَاوَةَ
And the bashfulness, and its opposite is the indiscreet; and the moderation, and its opposite is the indulgence; and the rest, and its opposite is the exhaustion; and the ease, and its opposite is the difficulty; and the Blessings, and its opposite is the annihilation; and the well-being, and its opposite is the calamity; and the straightness, and its opposite is the crookedness; and the wisdom, and its opposite is the whims; and the dignity, and its opposite is the meanness; and the happiness, and its opposite is the wretchedness.
وَ التَّوْبَةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا الْإِصْرَارَ وَ الِاسْتِغْفَارُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الِاغْتِرَارَ وَ الْمُحَافَظَةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا التَّهَاوُنَ وَ الدُّعَاءُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الِاسْتِنْكَافَ وَ النَّشَاطُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْكَسَلَ وَ الْفَرَحُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْحَزَنَ وَ الْأُلْفَةُ وَ ضِدَّهَا الْفُرْقَةَ وَ السَّخَاءُ وَ ضِدَّهُ الْبُخْلَ
And the repentance, and its opposite is the persistence; and the seeking of Forgiveness, and its opposite is the pride; and the preservation, and its opposite is the complacency; and the supplication, and its opposite is the refraining; and the activity, and its opposite is the laziness; and the joy, and its opposite is the grief, and the friendliness, and its opposite is the aversion; and the generosity, and its opposite is the stinginess.
فَلَا تَجْتَمِعُ هَذِهِ الْخِصَالُ كُلُّهَا مِنْ أَجْنَادِ الْعَقْلِ إِلَّا فِي نَبِيٍّ أَوْ وَصِيِّ نَبِيٍّ أَوْ مُؤْمِنٍ قَدِ امْتَحَنَ اللَّهُ قَلْبَهُ لِلْإِيمَانِ وَ أَمَّا سَائِرُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ مَوَالِينَا فَإِنَّ أَحَدَهُمْ لَا يَخْلُو مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِيهِ بَعْضُ هَذِهِ الْجُنُودِ حَتَّى يَسْتَكْمِلَ وَ يَنْقَى مِنْ جُنُودِ الْجَهْلِ فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ يَكُونُ فِي الدَّرَجَةِ الْعُلْيَا مَعَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَ الْأَوْصِيَاءِ وَ إِنَّمَا يُدْرَكُ ذَلِكَ بِمَعْرِفَةِ الْعَقْلِ وَ جُنُودِهِ وَ بِمُجَانَبَةِ الْجَهْلِ وَ جُنُودِهِ
So all these characteristics from the armies of the intellect would not gather in anyone except a Prophet-saww, or a successor-as, or a Momin whose heart Allah-azwj has been Tested for the Eman. And as for the rest of that, from the ones in our-asws Wilayah, so one of them would not be empty from some of these armies to be in him until he is perfect and transfers from the armies of the ignorance. Thus, during that, he would happen to be in the lofty levels along with the Prophets-as, and the successors-as, and rather he would achieve that with the recognition of the intellect and its armies, and by keeping aside from the ignorance and its armies.
وَفَّقَنَا اللَّهُ وَ إِيَّاكُمْ لِطَاعَتِهِ وَ مَرْضَاتِهِ .
May Allah-azwj Harmonise us and you all for His-azwj obedience, and His-azwj Pleasure’.[16]
جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَا كَلَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) الْعِبَادَ بِكُنْهِ عَقْلِهِ قَطُّ
A group of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Bin Fazzal, from one of our companions,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww never spoke with the people with full power of his-saww intellect at all’.
وَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) إِنَّا مَعَاشِرَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ أُمِرْنَا أَنْ نُكَلِّمَ النَّاسَ عَلَى قَدْرِ عُقُولِهِمْ .
And he-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘We-as, the group of Prophets-as, have been Commanded that we-as speak to the people in accordance to their intellects’’.[17]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) إِنَّ قُلُوبَ الْجُهَّالِ تَسْتَفِزُّهَا الْأَطْمَاعُ وَ تَرْتَهِنُهَا الْمُنَى وَ تَسْتَعْلِقُهَا الْخَدَائِعُ .
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Ja’far-asws, from his-asws father-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘The hearts of the ignorant ones trigger the greed, and the yearnings hold them hostage, and the deceptions attach to them’.[18]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الدِّهْقَانِ عَنْ دُرُسْتَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَكْمَلُ النَّاسِ عَقْلًا أَحْسَنُهُمْ خُلُقاً .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Al Ashary, from Ubeydullah Al Dihqan, from Dorost, from Ibrahim Bin Abdul Hameed who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘The most perfect of the people in intellect, is the best of them in morals’.[19]
عَلِيٌّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ الْجَعْفَرِيِّ قَالَ كُنَّا عِنْدَ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) فَتَذَاكَرْنَا الْعَقْلَ وَ الْأَدَبَ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا هَاشِمٍ الْعَقْلُ حِبَاءٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَ الْأَدَبُ كُلْفَةٌ فَمَنْ تَكَلَّفَ الْأَدَبَ قَدَرَ عَلَيْهِ وَ مَنْ تَكَلَّفَ الْعَقْلَ لَمْ يَزْدَدْ بِذَلِكَ إِلَّا جَهْلًا .
Ali, from his father, from Abu Hashim Al Ja’fary who said,
‘We were in the presence of Al-Reza-asws, so we mentioned the intellect and the good mannerisms. So he-asws said: ‘O Abu Hashim! The intellect is a Gift from Allah-azwj, and the good mannerisms is skill and burden (which one can strive to develop). So the one who (succeeds) in developing the good mannerisms, would have ability over it, but the one who pretends to be a person of intelligence increases for him nothing but the ignorance’.[20]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ لِي جَاراً كَثِيرَ الصَّلَاةِ كَثِيرَ الصَّدَقَةِ كَثِيرَ الْحَجِّ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ قَالَ فَقَالَ يَا إِسْحَاقُ كَيْفَ عَقْلُهُ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ عَقْلٌ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَا يَرْتَفِعُ بِذَلِكَ مِنْهُ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Yahya Bin Al Mubarak, from Abdullah Bin Jabala, from Is’haq Bin Ammar,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! There is a neighbour of mine who is frequent of the Salāt, and of frequent charity, and frequents the Hajj. There is no problem with him’. So he-asws said: ‘O Is’haq! How is his intellect?’ I said to him-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! There is no intellect for him’. So he-asws said: ‘(His deeds) would not benefit (to raise his status) him due to that’.[21]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ السَّيَّارِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي يَعْقُوبَ الْبَغْدَادِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ ابْنُ السِّكِّيتِ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) لِمَا ذَا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ مُوسَى بْنَ عِمْرَانَ ( عليه السلام ) بِالْعَصَا وَ يَدِهِ الْبَيْضَاءِ وَ آلَةِ السِّحْرِ وَ بَعَثَ عِيسَى بِآلَةِ الطِّبِّ وَ بَعَثَ مُحَمَّداً صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ وَ عَلَى جَمِيعِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ بِالْكَلَامِ وَ الْخُطَبِ
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Sayyari, from Abu Yaqoub Al Baghday who said,
‘Ibn Al-Sikeet said to Abu Al-Hassan-asws, ‘Why did Allah-azwj Send Musa-as Bin Imran-as with the (miracles of) the staff and the white hand and means of the magic, and Sent Isa-as with the means of the medicine, and Sent Muhammad-saww and upon the entirety of the Prophets-as with the words and the speech’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمَّا بَعَثَ مُوسَى ( عليه السلام ) كَانَ الْغَالِبُ عَلَى أَهْلِ عَصْرِهِ السِّحْرَ فَأَتَاهُمْ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ بِمَا لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي وُسْعِهِمْ مِثْلُهُ وَ مَا أَبْطَلَ بِهِ سِحْرَهُمْ وَ أَثْبَتَ بِهِ الْحُجَّةَ عَلَيْهِمْ
So Abu Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘(The reason) for what Allah-azwj Sent Musa-as, it was so that the magic was predominant upon the people of his-as era. So he-as came to them from the Presence of Allah-azwj with what was not in their capabilities for the likes of it, and what he-as could invalidate their magic with, and by it he-as could affirm the Proof upon them.
وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بَعَثَ عِيسَى ( عليه السلام ) فِي وَقْتٍ قَدْ ظَهَرَتْ فِيهِ الزَّمَانَاتُ وَ احْتَاجَ النَّاسُ إِلَى الطِّبِّ فَأَتَاهُمْ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ بِمَا لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُمْ مِثْلُهُ وَ بِمَا أَحْيَا لَهُمُ الْمَوْتَى وَ أَبْرَأَ الْأَكْمَهَ وَ الْأَبْرَصَ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَ أَثْبَتَ بِهِ الْحُجَّةَ عَلَيْهِمْ
And Allah-azwj Sent Isa-as during a time in which chronic illnesses had appeared, and the people were needy to the medicine. So he-as came to them from the Presence of Allah-azwj with what did not happen to be with them, something similar to it, and with what he-as revived the dead for them and cured the ones blinded at birth, and the leprosy, by the Permission of Allah-azwj, and affirmed by it the Proof upon them.
وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بَعَثَ مُحَمَّداً ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فِي وَقْتٍ كَانَ الْغَالِبُ عَلَى أَهْلِ عَصْرِهِ الْخُطَبَ وَ الْكَلَامَ وَ أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ الشِّعْرَ فَأَتَاهُمْ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ مِنْ مَوَاعِظِهِ وَ حِكَمِهِ مَا أَبْطَلَ بِهِ قَوْلَهُمْ وَ أَثْبَتَ بِهِ الْحُجَّةَ عَلَيْهِمْ
And Allah-azwj Sent Muhammad-saww during a time when the prose and the speech were predominant upon the people of his-saww era’, and I think he-asws said, ‘The poetry (as well)’. ‘So he-asws came to them from the Presence of Allah-azwj, from His-azwj Advice and His-azwj Wisdom what he-saww could invalidate their speeches with, and affirm the Proof by it upon them’.
قَالَ فَقَالَ ابْنُ السِّكِّيتِ تَاللَّهِ مَا رَأَيْتُ مِثْلَكَ قَطُّ فَمَا الْحُجَّةُ عَلَى الْخَلْقِ الْيَوْمَ قَالَ فَقَالَ ( عليه السلام ) الْعَقْلُ يُعْرَفُ بِهِ الصَّادِقُ عَلَى اللَّهِ فَيُصَدِّقُهُ وَ الْكَاذِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ فَيُكَذِّبُهُ
He (the narrator) said, ‘So Ibn Sikeet said, ‘I have not seen the likes of you-asws at all! So what is the Proof upon the creatures today?’ So he-asws said: ‘(It is the) intellect. Intelligence recognises those who speak the Truth from Allah, thus one acknowledges their truth. Intelligence recognises the lies of those who lie in the name of Allah ’.
قَالَ فَقَالَ ابْنُ السِّكِّيتِ هَذَا وَ اللَّهِ هُوَ الْجَوَابُ .
He (the narrator) said, ‘So Ibn Al-Sikeet said, ‘This, by Allah-azwj, it is the answer!’.[22]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنِ الْمُثَنَّى الْحَنَّاطِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ الْأَعْشَى عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ عَنْ مَوْلًى لِبَنِي شَيْبَانَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِذَا قَامَ قَائِمُنَا وَضَعَ اللَّهُ يَدَهُ عَلَى رُءُوسِ الْعِبَادِ فَجَمَعَ بِهَا عُقُولَهُمْ وَ كَمَلَتْ بِهِ أَحْلَامُهُمْ .
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moalla Bin Muhammad, from Al Washa, from Al Musna Al Hannat, from Quteyba Al A’asha, from Ibn Abu Yafour, from a slave of the Clan of Shayban,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said; ‘When our-asws Qaim-asws rises, and he-asws places his-asws hand upon the heads of the servants, so their intellects would be gathered by it and complete their understanding (of the religion)’.[23]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ حُجَّةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْعِبَادِ النَّبِيُّ وَ الْحُجَّةُ فِيمَا بَيْنَ الْعِبَادِ وَ بَيْنَ اللَّهِ الْعَقْلُ .
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Muhammad Bin SulEman, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Abdullah B in Sinan,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The Proof of Allah-azwj upon the servants is the Prophet-saww, and the Proof regarding what is between the servants and Allah-azwj, is the intellect’.[24]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ مُرْسَلًا قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) دِعَامَةُ الْإِنْسَانِ الْعَقْلُ وَ الْعَقْلُ مِنْهُ الْفِطْنَةُ وَ الْفَهْمُ وَ الْحِفْظُ وَ الْعِلْمُ وَ بِالْعَقْلِ يَكْمُلُ وَ هُوَ دَلِيلُهُ وَ مُبْصِرُهُ وَ مِفْتَاحُ أَمْرِهِ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, in an unbroken chain, said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Intelligence is the support for the man, and from intelligence comes the insightfulness, and the understanding, and the memorisation, and the knowledge; and with the intellect, he is perfect, and it is his indicator, and his insight, and a key to his affairs.
فَإِذَا كَانَ تَأْيِيدُ عَقْلِهِ مِنَ النُّورِ كَانَ عَالِماً حَافِظاً ذَاكِراً فَطِناً فَهِماً فَعَلِمَ بِذَلِكَ كَيْفَ وَ لِمَ وَ حَيْثُ وَ عَرَفَ مَنْ نَصَحَهُ وَ مَنْ غَشَّهُ فَإِذَا عَرَفَ ذَلِكَ عَرَفَ مَجْرَاهُ وَ مَوْصُولَهُ وَ مَفْصُولَهُ وَ أَخْلَصَ الْوَحْدَانِيَّةَ لِلَّهِ وَ الْإِقْرَارَ بِالطَّاعَةِ
So when it was such that his intellect was supported from the light, he would be a knowledgeable one, a memoriser (of the Holy Quran), a Zakir (Oft-mentioner of Allah-azwj), discerning, understanding. Thus he would know by that, how, and why, and where, and the one who is supporting him-asws and the one who is cheating him-asws. So when he recognises that, he would recognise its flow, and its connections and its disconnections, and the purity of the Oneness of Allah-azwj, and the acknowledgement with the obedience.
فَإِذَا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ كَانَ مُسْتَدْرِكاً لِمَا فَاتَ وَ وَارِداً عَلَى مَا هُوَ آتٍ يَعْرِفُ مَا هُوَ فِيهِ وَ لِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ هُوَ هَاهُنَا وَ مِنْ أَيْنَ يَأْتِيهِ وَ إِلَى مَا هُوَ صَائِرٌ وَ ذَلِكَ كُلُّهُ مِنْ تَأْيِيدِ الْعَقْلِ .
So when he does that, he would be a reviewer to what had been missed out on, and would anticipate upon what is coming (in the future). He would recognise what he is (currently) in, and for which thing (reason) he is over here, and from where he is coming from, and to what he is headed for, and all of that is from the support of the intellect’.[25]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنْ بَعْضِ رِجَالِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ الْعَقْلُ دَلِيلُ الْمُؤْمِنِ .
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ismail Bin Mihran, from one of his men,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘A Momin is recognised by his intellect’.[26]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ السَّرِيِّ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) يَا عَلِيُّ لَا فَقْرَ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الْجَهْلِ وَ لَا مَالَ أَعْوَدُ مِنَ الْعَقْلِ .
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moalla Bin Muhammad, from Al Washa, from Hammad Bin Usman, from Al Sarry Bin Khalid,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘O Ali-asws! There is no poverty more intense than the ignorance, nor a wealth more assisting than the intellect’.[27]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لَمَّا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ الْعَقْلَ قَالَ لَهُ أَقْبِلْ فَأَقْبَلَ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ أَدْبِرْ فَأَدْبَرَ فَقَالَ وَ عِزَّتِي وَ جَلَالِي مَا خَلَقْتُ خَلْقاً أَحْسَنَ مِنْكَ إِيَّاكَ آمُرُ وَ إِيَّاكَ أَنْهَى وَ إِيَّاكَ أُثِيبُ وَ إِيَّاكَ أُعَاقِبُ .
Muhammad Bin Al Hassan, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ibn Abu Najran, from Al A’ala Bin Razeyn, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘When Allah-azwj Created the intellect, Said to it: “Come!” So it came. Then Said: “Turn back!” So it turned back. So He-azwj Said: “By My-azwj Might and My-azwj Majesty! I-azwj have not Created a creature better than you. To you I-azwj shall Command, and to you I-azwj shall Forbid, and to you-azwj shall Reward, and to you I-azwj shall Punish”’.[28]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْهَيْثَمِ بْنِ أَبِي مَسْرُوقٍ النَّهْدِيِّ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) الرَّجُلُ آتِيهِ وَ أُكَلِّمُهُ بِبَعْضِ كَلَامِي فَيَعْرِفُهُ كُلَّهُ وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ آتِيهِ فَأُكَلِّمُهُ بِالْكَلَامِ فَيَسْتَوْفِي كَلَامِي كُلَّهُ ثُمَّ يَرُدُّهُ عَلَيَّ كَمَا كَلَّمْتُهُ وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ آتِيهِ فَأُكَلِّمُهُ فَيَقُولُ أَعِدْ عَلَيَّ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Haysam Bin Abu Masrouq Al Nahdy, from Al Husayn Bin Khalid, from Is’haq Bin Ammar who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘I would go to a man and speak to him with some of my speech, and he would understand all of it, and from them is one whom I would go to, and speak to him with (all) the speech, so he would fulfil to me all of my speech, then he would repeat it upon me just as I had spoken to him; and from them is the one who I would go to and speak to him, so he would be saying, ‘Repeat it to me’’.
فَقَالَ يَا إِسْحَاقُ وَ مَا تَدْرِي لِمَ هَذَا قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ الَّذِي تُكَلِّمُهُ بِبَعْضِ كَلَامِكَ فَيَعْرِفُهُ كُلَّهُ فَذَاكَ مَنْ عُجِنَتْ نُطْفَتُهُ بِعَقْلِهِ وَ أَمَّا الَّذِي تُكَلِّمُهُ فَيَسْتَوْفِي كَلَامَكَ ثُمَّ يُجِيبُكَ عَلَى كَلَامِكَ فَذَاكَ الَّذِي رُكِّبَ عَقْلُهُ فِيهِ فِي بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ وَ أَمَّا الَّذِي تُكَلِّمُهُ بِالْكَلَامِ فَيَقُولُ أَعِدْ عَلَيَّ فَذَاكَ الَّذِي رُكِّبَ عَقْلُهُ فِيهِ بَعْدَ مَا كَبِرَ فَهُوَ يَقُولُ لَكَ أَعِدْ عَلَيَّ .
So he-asws said: ‘O Is’haq! And do you not know why this is so?’ I said, ‘No’. He-asws said: ‘The one whom you speak to with part of your speech, yet he understands all of it, so that is the one whose seed is kneaded with his intellect; and as for the one whom you speak to, and fulfil (all of) your speech, then he answers you upon your speech, so that is the one in whom his intellect has been superimposed in the belly of his mother; and as for the one whom you speak to with the speech, so he is saying, ‘Repeat upon me’, so that is the one in whom his intellect has been superimposed after having grown old, thus he is saying to you, ‘Repeat upon me’’.[29]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ مَنْ رَفَعَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ الرَّجُلَ كَثِيرَ الصَّلَاةِ كَثِيرَ الصِّيَامِ فَلَا تُبَاهُوا بِهِ حَتَّى تَنْظُرُوا كَيْفَ عَقْلُهُ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from someone who raised it,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Whenever you see the man as being of abundant in Salāt, abundant in Fasts, so do not be boasting with him until you look at how (good) his intellect is’’.[30]
بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا رَفَعَهُ عَنْ مُفَضَّلِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ يَا مُفَضَّلُ لَا يُفْلِحُ مَنْ لَا يَعْقِلُ وَ لَا يَعْقِلُ مَنْ لَا يَعْلَمُ وَ سَوْفَ يَنْجُبُ مَنْ يَفْهَمُ وَ يَظْفَرُ مَنْ يَحْلُمُ وَ الْعِلْمُ جُنَّةٌ وَ الصِّدْقُ عِزٌّ وَ الْجَهْلُ ذُلٌّ وَ الْفَهْمُ مَجْدٌ وَ الْجُودُ نُجْحٌ وَ حُسْنُ الْخُلُقِ مَجْلَبَةٌ لِلْمَوَدَّةِ
One of our companions, raising it from Mufazzal Bin Umar,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘O Mufazzal! He will not succeed, the one who has no intellect, nor would he have intellect, the one who does not know. Soon, the one who understands would be excellent, and the one who forbears would be victorious; and the knowledge is a shield, and the truthfulness is an honour, and the ignorance is a disgrace, and the understanding is a glory, and the benevolence is a success, and good morals are a cause for the cordiality.
وَ الْعَالِمُ بِزَمَانِهِ لَا تَهْجُمُ عَلَيْهِ اللَّوَابِسُ وَ الْحَزْمُ مَسَاءَةُ الظَّنِّ وَ بَيْنَ الْمَرْءِ وَ الْحِكْمَةِ نِعْمَةُ الْعَالِمِ وَ الْجَاهِلُ شَقِيٌّ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ اللَّهُ وَلِيُّ مَنْ عَرَفَهُ وَ عَدُوُّ مَنْ تَكَلَّفَهُ وَ الْعَاقِلُ غَفُورٌ وَ الْجَاهِلُ خَتُورٌ وَ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْ تُكْرَمَ فَلِنْ وَ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْ تُهَانَ فَاخْشُنْ
And the knowledgeable one of his time would not be assaulted upon by the confusion. The strictness is an evil deed of the conjectures, and between the person and the wisdom a knowledgeable one is a Bounty, and the ignorant is a wretched between the two. And Allah-azwj is a friend of the one who recognises Him-azwj and an enemy of the one who pretends (to know Him-azwj); and the intellectual is forgiving and the ignorant one is a fault-finder. If you desire to be honoured, so be lenient, and if you desire to be abased (rejected), so be harsh.
وَ مَنْ كَرُمَ أَصْلُهُ لَانَ قَلْبُهُ وَ مَنْ خَشُنَ عُنْصُرُهُ غَلُظَ كَبِدُهُ وَ مَنْ فَرَّطَ تَوَرَّطَ وَ مَنْ خَافَ الْعَاقِبَةَ تَثَبَّتَ عَنِ التَّوَغُّلِ فِيمَا لَا يَعْلَمُ وَ مَنْ هَجَمَ عَلَى أَمْرٍ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ جَدَعَ أَنْفَ نَفْسِهِ وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ لَمْ يَفْهَمْ وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَفْهَمْ لَمْ يَسْلَمْ وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَسْلَمْ لَمْ يُكْرَمْ وَ مَنْ لَمْ يُكْرَمْ يُهْضَمْ وَ مَنْ يُهْضَمْ كَانَ أَلْوَمَ وَ مَنْ كَانَ كَذَلِكَ كَانَ أَحْرَى أَنْ يَنْدَمَ .
And the one whose origin is honourable, his heart would be soft, and the one whose ingredient is harshness, his liver would be thick; and the one who is excessive would get involved, and the one who fears the consequences would be steadfast from making incursions in that which he does not know. And the one rushes into a matter without knowledge would mutilate the nose (pride) of his own self; and the one who does not know would not understand, and the one who does not understand would not submit, and the one who does not submit would not be honoured, and the one who is not honoured would be devoured, and the one who is devoured would be reproached, and the one who was like that, would be more likely to regret’.[31]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى رَفَعَهُ قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) مَنِ اسْتَحْكَمَتْ لِي فِيهِ خَصْلَةٌ مِنْ خِصَالِ الْخَيْرِ احْتَمَلْتُهُ عَلَيْهَا وَ اغْتَفَرْتُ فَقْدَ مَا سِوَاهَا وَ لَا أَغْتَفِرُ فَقْدَ عَقْلٍ وَ لَا دِينٍ لِأَنَّ مُفَارَقَةَ الدِّينِ مُفَارَقَةُ الْأَمْنِ فَلَا يَتَهَنَّأُ بِحَيَاةٍ مَعَ مَخَافَةٍ وَ فَقْدُ الْعَقْلِ فَقْدُ الْحَيَاةِ وَ لَا يُقَاسُ إِلَّا بِالْأَمْوَاتِ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, raising it, said,
‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘The one who sides with me-asws that in him there is a characteristic from the characteristics of the goodness, I-asws shall be tolerant upon it and forgive whatever was lost besides it, and I-asws shall neither forgive the loss of intellect nor Religion, because the separation of the Religion is separation of the security, as life is not pleasant along with fear; and the loss of the intellect is loss of the life, and there is no comparison except with the dead ones’.[32]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمُحَارِبِيِّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ مَيْمُونِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) إِعْجَابُ الْمَرْءِ بِنَفْسِهِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى ضَعْفِ عَقْلِهِ.
Ali Bin Ibrahim Bin Hashim, from Musa Bin Ibrahim Al Muharby, from Al Hassan Bin Musa, from Musa Bin Abdullah, from Maymoun Bin Ali,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘The one who is full of himself indicate upon the weakness of his own intellect’.[33]
أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْعَاصِمِيُّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْجَهْمِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ ذُكِرَ عِنْدَهُ أَصْحَابُنَا وَ ذُكِرَ الْعَقْلُ قَالَ فَقَالَ ( عليه السلام ) لَا يُعْبَأُ بِأَهْلِ الدِّينِ مِمَّنْ لَا عَقْلَ لَهُ قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ مِمَّنْ يَصِفُ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ قَوْماً لَا بَأْسَ بِهِمْ عِنْدَنَا وَ لَيْسَتْ لَهُمْ تِلْكَ الْعُقُولُ
Abu Abdullah Al Aasimy, from Ali Bin Al Hassan, from Ali Bin Asbaat, from Al Hassan Bin Al Jahm,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Hassan Al-Reza-asws, said, ‘Our companions were mentioned in his-asws presence, and the intellect was (also) mentioned. So he-asws said: ‘Do not package (consider as the same) the people of the Religion from the one who has not intellect for him’. I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! From the ones who are described to be upon this matter (Al-Wilayah), there is a group for whom there a no problems with them in our presence, and there isn’t that (kind of) intellect for them’.
فَقَالَ لَيْسَ هَؤُلَاءِ مِمَّنْ خَاطَبَ اللَّهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ الْعَقْلَ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَقْبِلْ فَأَقْبَلَ وَ قَالَ لَهُ أَدْبِرْ فَأَدْبَرَ فَقَالَ وَ عِزَّتِي وَ جَلَالِي مَا خَلَقْتُ شَيْئاً أَحْسَنَ مِنْكَ أَوْ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ مِنْكَ بِكَ آخُذُ وَ بِكَ أُعْطِي.
So he-asws said: ‘They are not from the ones whom Allah-azwj Addressed. Allah-azwj Created the intellect, so He-azwj Said to it: “Come!” So it came. And Said to it: “Turn back!” So it turned back. So He-azwj Said: ‘By M-azwj Mighty and My-azwj majesty! I-azwj have not Created anything better than you, or more Beloved to Me-azwj than you. Due to you, I-azwj shall Seize, and due to you I-azwj shall Give’.[34]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لَيْسَ بَيْنَ الْإِيمَانِ وَ الْكُفْرِ إِلَّا قِلَّةُ الْعَقْلِ قِيلَ وَ كَيْفَ ذَاكَ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ قَالَ إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ يَرْفَعُ رَغْبَتَهُ إِلَى مَخْلُوقٍ فَلَوْ أَخْلَصَ نِيَّتَهُ لِلَّهِ لَأَتَاهُ الَّذِي يُرِيدُ فِي أَسْرَعَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ .
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from his father, from one of our companions,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘There isn’t anything between the Eman and the disbelief (Kufr) except for the scarcity of the intellect’. It was said, ‘And how is that so, O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! The servant raises his desire to the creatures (people). So had he been of sincere intention to Allah-azwj, He-azwj would Give him that which he wants in (a time period) quicker than that’.[35]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الدِّهْقَانِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُمَرَ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ بِالْعَقْلِ اسْتُخْرِجَ غَوْرُ الْحِكْمَةِ وَ بِالْحِكْمَةِ اسْتُخْرِجَ غَوْرُ الْعَقْلِ وَ بِحُسْنِ السِّيَاسَةِ يَكُونُ الْأَدَبُ الصَّالِحُ
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ubedullah Al Dihqan, from Ahmad Bin Umar Al Halby, from Yahya Bin Imran,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws was saying: ‘With the intellect, the profundity of the wisdom is extracted, and with the wisdom, the profundity of the intellect is extracted; and the good policies are (as a result of) righteous discipline’.
قَالَ وَ كَانَ يَقُولُ التَّفَكُّرُ حَيَاةُ قَلْبِ الْبَصِيرِ كَمَا يَمْشِي الْمَاشِي فِي الظُّلُمَاتِ بِالنُّورِ بِحُسْنِ التَّخَلُّصِ وَ قِلَّةِ التَّرَبُّصِ .
He-asws said: ‘And he-asws (Amir Al-Momineen-asws) was saying: ‘The pondering is a revival for the discerning heart, just as the walker walks in the darkness with the light with good organisation and little stalling’.[36]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَزَّازِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ إِنَّ أَوَّلَ الْأُمُورِ وَ مَبْدَأَهَا وَ قُوَّتَهَا وَ عِمَارَتَهَا الَّتِي لَا يُنْتَفَعُ بِشَيْءٍ إِلَّا بِهِ الْعَقْلُ الَّذِي جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ زِينَةً لِخَلْقِهِ وَ نُوراً لَهُمْ
A number of our companions, from Abdullah Al Bazzaz, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Rahman Bin Hammad, from Al Hassan Bin Ammar,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, in a lengthy Hadeeth: ‘The first of the matters, and its beginning, and its strengthening, and its building, which nothing is of benefit except with it, is the intellect, which Allah-azwj Made it to be an adornment for His-azwj creatures, and a light for them.
فَبِالْعَقْلِ عَرَفَ الْعِبَادُ خَالِقَهُمْ وَ أَنَّهُمْ مَخْلُوقُونَ وَ أَنَّهُ الْمُدَبِّرُ لَهُمْ وَ أَنَّهُمُ الْمُدَبَّرُونَ وَ أَنَّهُ الْبَاقِي وَ هُمُ الْفَانُونَ وَ اسْتَدَلُّوا بِعُقُولِهِمْ عَلَى مَا رَأَوْا مِنْ خَلْقِهِ مِنْ سَمَائِهِ وَ أَرْضِهِ وَ شَمْسِهِ وَ قَمَرِهِ وَ لَيْلِهِ وَ نَهَارِهِ وَ بِأَنَّ لَهُ وَ لَهُمْ خَالِقاً وَ مُدَبِّراً لَمْ يَزَلْ وَ لَا يَزُولُ وَ عَرَفُوا بِهِ الْحَسَنَ مِنَ الْقَبِيحِ وَ أَنَّ الظُّلْمَةَ فِي الْجَهْلِ وَ أَنَّ النُّورَ فِي الْعِلْمِ فَهَذَا مَا دَلَّهُمْ عَلَيْهِ الْعَقْلُ
Thus, it is by the intellect that the servants recognise their Creator and that they are the created beings, and that He-azwj is the Regulator for them and that they are the regulated ones, and that He-azwj is the Eternal Being and there are the perishable beings, and they are indicated by their intellects upon what they are seeing from His-azwj Creation, from His-azwj sky, and His-azwj earth, and His-azwj sun, and His-azwj moon, and His-azwj night, and His-azwj day, and that from him, and for them, there is a Creator and a Regulator, who has neither cease to be and will never cease to be. And they are recognising by it, the good from the ugly, and the darkness in the ignorance and the light in the knowledge. So this is what the intellect indicates them upon.
قِيلَ لَهُ فَهَلْ يَكْتَفِي الْعِبَادُ بِالْعَقْلِ دُونَ غَيْرِهِ قَالَ إِنَّ الْعَاقِلَ لِدَلَالَةِ عَقْلِهِ الَّذِي جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ قِوَامَهُ وَ زِينَتَهُ وَ هِدَايَتَهُ عَلِمَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ وَ أَنَّهُ هُوَ رَبُّهُ وَ عَلِمَ أَنَّ لِخَالِقِهِ مَحَبَّةً وَ أَنَّ لَهُ كَرَاهِيَةً وَ أَنَّ لَهُ طَاعَةً وَ أَنَّ لَهُ مَعْصِيَةً
It was said to him-asws, ‘So would the servants suffice themselves with the intellect besides other (things)?’ He-asws said: ‘The intellectual, due to the indication of his intellect which Allah-azwj has Made it to be his straightener, and his adornment, and his guidance, knows that Allah-azwj is He-azwj Who is the Truth and that He-azwj is his Lord-azwj; and he knows that for his Creator there is Love and that for Him-azwj is Dislikes, and that for Him-azwj is obedience and that for him there is disobedience.
فَلَمْ يَجِدْ عَقْلَهُ يَدُلُّهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَ عَلِمَ أَنَّهُ لَا يُوصَلُ إِلَيْهِ إِلَّا بِالْعِلْمِ وَ طَلَبِهِ وَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَنْتَفِعُ بِعَقْلِهِ إِنْ لَمْ يُصِبْ ذَلِكَ بِعِلْمِهِ فَوَجَبَ عَلَى الْعَاقِلِ طَلَبُ الْعِلْمِ وَ الْأَدَبِ الَّذِي لَا قِوَامَ لَهُ إِلَّا بِهِ.
So he would not find (except) for his intellect to indicate him upon that, and know that he cannot arrive to Him-azwj except by the knowledge and its seeking, and that he would not benefit by his intellect if he does not attain that with his knowledge. Thus it is Obligatory upon the intellectual that he seeks the knowledge and the discipline which there is no foundation for him except by it’.[37]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ حُمْرَانَ وَ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ الْجَمَّالِ قَالَا سَمِعْنَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ لَا غِنَى أَخْصَبُ مِنَ الْعَقْلِ وَ لَا فَقْرَ أَحَطُّ مِنَ الْحُمْقِ وَ لَا اسْتِظْهَارَ فِي أَمْرٍ بِأَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْمَشُورَةِ فِيهِ
Ali Bin Muhammad, from one of his companions, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Al Nazar Bin Suweyd, from Humran and Safwan Bin Mihran Al Jammal who both said,
‘We both heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘There is no richness more enriching than the intellect, nor a poverty more abasing than the stupidity, nor anything more backing in a matter than the frequency of the consultation with regards to it’.
وَ هَذَا آخِرُ كِتَابِ الْعَقْلِ وَ الْجَهْلِ وَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ وَحْدَهُ وَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ وَ سَلَّمَ تَسْلِيماً .
And this is the end of the Book of Intellect and Ignorance, and the Praise is for Allah-azwj Alone, and may Allah-azwj Send Salawat upon Muhammad-saww and the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww.
كِتَابُ فَضْلِ الْعِلْمِ
THE BOOK OF MERITS OF THE KNOWLEDGE
بَابُ فَرْضِ الْعِلْمِ وَ وُجُوبِ طَلَبِهِ وَ الْحَثِّ عَلَيْهِ
Chapter 1 – The necessity of the knowledge, and the Obligation to seek it, and the urging upon it
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحُسَيْنِ الْفَارِسِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) طَلَبُ الْعِلْمِ فَرِيضَةٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ أَلَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ بُغَاةَ الْعِلْمِ .
Muhammad Bin Yaqoub informed us, from Ali Bin Ibrahim Bin Hashim, from his father, from Al Hassan Bin Abu Al Husayn Al Farsy, from Abdul Rahman Bin Zayd, from his father,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Seeking the knowledge is mandatory upon every Muslim. Indeed! Allah-azwj Loves the seekers of knowledge’.[38]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْعُمَرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ طَلَبُ الْعِلْمِ فَرِيضَةٌ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Muhammad Bin Abdullah, from Isa Bin Abdullah Al Umary,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Seeking the knowledge is mandatory’.[39]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ قَالَ سُئِلَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) هَلْ يَسَعُ النَّاسَ تَرْكُ الْمَسْأَلَةِ عَمَّا يَحْتَاجُونَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَا .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus Bin Abdul Rahman, from one of his companions who said,
‘Abu Al Hassan-asws was asked, ‘Do the people have the leeway (freedom) to neglect the asking about what they are needy to?’ So he-asws said: ‘No’.[40]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ السَّبِيعِيِّ عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَقُولُ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اعْلَمُوا أَنَّ كَمَالَ الدِّينِ طَلَبُ الْعِلْمِ وَ الْعَمَلُ بِهِ أَلَا وَ إِنَّ طَلَبَ الْعِلْمِ أَوْجَبُ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ طَلَبِ الْمَالِ إِنَّ الْمَالَ مَقْسُومٌ مَضْمُونٌ لَكُمْ قَدْ قَسَمَهُ عَادِلٌ بَيْنَكُمْ وَ ضَمِنَهُ وَ سَيَفِي لَكُمْ وَ الْعِلْمُ مَخْزُونٌ عِنْدَ أَهْلِهِ وَ قَدْ أُمِرْتُمْ بِطَلَبِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ فَاطْلُبُوهُ .
Ali Bin Muhammad, and someone else, from Sahl Bin Ziyad and Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, altogether from Ibn Mahboub, from Hisham Bin Salim, from Abu Hamza, from Abu Is’haq Al Sabi’e, from the one who narrated it, said,
‘I heard Amir Al-Momineen-asws saying: ‘O you people! Know that the perfection of the Religion is the seeking of the knowledge and acting by it. Indeed! And the seeking of the knowledge is more Obligatory upon you than the seeking of the wealth. The wealth is (already) apportioned, guaranteed for you all (already distributed). A just One-azwj has Apportioned it between you all and He-azwj and my-asws sword Guarantee it for you all; however, the knowledge is treasure stored with its rightful one-asws, and you have been Commanded with seeking it from its rightful ones-asws, therefore seek it’.[41]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا رَفَعَهُ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) طَلَبُ الْعِلْمِ فَرِيضَةٌ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Barqu, from Yaqoub Bin Yazeed, from Abu Abdullah, a man from our companions, raising it, said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Seeking the knowledge is ‘فَرِيضَةٌ’ mandatory’.
وَ فِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) طَلَبُ الْعِلْمِ فَرِيضَةٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ أَلَا وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ بُغَاةَ الْعِلْمِ .
And in another Hadeeth, he (the narrator) said, ‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Seeking the knowledge is mandatory upon every Muslim. Indeed! And Allah-azwj Loves the seeker of the knowledge’’.[42]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ تَفَقَّهُوا فِي الدِّينِ فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ لَمْ يَتَفَقَّهْ مِنْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ فَهُوَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ لِيَتَفَقَّهُوا فِي الدِّينِ وَ لِيُنْذِرُوا قَوْمَهُمْ إِذا رَجَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَحْذَرُونَ .
Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Usman Bin Isa, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘(one must) acquire understanding in the Religion, (however) the one from you who does not acquire understanding in the Religion is a Bedouin. Allah-azwj is Saying in His-azwj Book [9:122] let them obtain understanding in religion, and that they may warn their people when they come back to them that they may be cautious?’[43]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ عَنْ مُفَضَّلِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ عَلَيْكُمْ بِالتَّفَقُّهِ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ وَ لَا تَكُونُوا أَعْرَاباً فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ لَمْ يَتَفَقَّهْ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ لَمْ يَنْظُرِ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ لَمْ يُزَكِّ لَهُ عَمَلًا .
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad, from Al Qasim Bin Al Rabie, from Mufazzal Bin Umar who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘It is upon you (that you must acquire) understanding in the Religion of Allah-azwj, and do not become Bedouins, for the one who does not (acquire) understanding in the Religion of Allah-azwj, Allah-azwj would not Look at him on the Day of Judgment and will not Purify his deeds’.[44]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ تَغْلِبَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لَوَدِدْتُ أَنَّ أَصْحَابِي ضُرِبَتْ رُءُوسُهُمْ بِالسِّيَاطِ حَتَّى يَتَفَقَّهُوا .
Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazaan, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Jameel Bin Darraj, from Aban Bin Taghlub,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘I-asws would (not even) mind if I-asws have to whip the heads of my-asws companions with the lashes until they (acquire) understanding (in the Religion)’.[45]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَمَّنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ رَجُلٌ عَرَفَ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ لَزِمَ بَيْتَهُ وَ لَمْ يَتَعَرَّفْ إِلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْ إِخْوَانِهِ قَالَ فَقَالَ كَيْفَ يَتَفَقَّهُ هَذَا فِي دِينِهِ
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from the one who reported it,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘A man said to him-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! A man recognises this matter (Al-Wilayah), necessitates the (staying in) his house and does not introduce (himself) to anyone from his brethren’. So he-asws said: ‘How can this one (be able to enhance) understanding in his Religion (without interacting with people)?’[46]
بَابُ صِفَةِ الْعِلْمِ وَ فَضْلِهِ وَ فَضْلِ الْعُلَمَاءِ
Chapter 2 – Description of the knowledge and its merits, and merits of the scholars
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الدِّهْقَانِ عَنْ دُرُسْتَ الْوَاسِطِيِّ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) الْمَسْجِدَ فَإِذَا جَمَاعَةٌ قَدْ أَطَافُوا بِرَجُلٍ فَقَالَ مَا هَذَا فَقِيلَ عَلَّامَةٌ فَقَالَ وَ مَا الْعَلَّامَةُ فَقَالُوا لَهُ أَعْلَمُ النَّاسِ بِأَنْسَابِ الْعَرَبِ وَ وَقَائِعِهَا وَ أَيَّامِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَ الْأَشْعَارِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ
Muhammad Bin Al Hassan, and Ali Bin Muhammad, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ubeydullah Bin Abdullah Al Dihqan, from Dorost Al Wasity, from Ibrahim Bin Abdul Hameed,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Al-Hassan Musa-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Alllah-saww entered the Masjid, so there was a group which had encircled a man. So he-saww said: ‘What is this one?’ So it was said: ‘(He is an) Allama’. So he-saww said: ‘And what is an Allama?’ So they said to him-saww, ‘The most knowledgeable of the people with the lineages of the Arabs and their events, and the days of the Ignorance (pre-Islamic period), and the poetry of the Arabs’.
قَالَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) ذَاكَ عِلْمٌ لَا يَضُرُّ مَنْ جَهِلَهُ وَ لَا يَنْفَعُ مَنْ عَلِمَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) إِنَّمَا الْعِلْمُ ثَلَاثَةٌ آيَةٌ مُحْكَمَةٌ أَوْ فَرِيضَةٌ عَادِلَةٌ أَوْ سُنَّةٌ قَائِمَةٌ وَ مَا خَلَاهُنَّ فَهُوَ فَضْلٌ .
He-asws said: ‘So the Prophet-saww said: ‘That is a knowledge neither harming the one who is ignorant of it, nor does it benefit the one who knows it’. Then the Prophet-saww said: ‘But rather, the knowledge is of three (types) – A Decisive Verse, or a just Obligation, or an established Sunnah; and whatever is besides these, so it is ‘فَضْلٌ’ useless’.[47]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْبَخْتَرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِنَّ الْعُلَمَاءَ وَرَثَةُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَ ذَاكَ أَنَّ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ لَمْ يُورِثُوا دِرْهَماً وَ لَا دِينَاراً وَ إِنَّمَا أَوْرَثُوا أَحَادِيثَ مِنْ أَحَادِيثِهِمْ فَمَنْ أَخَذَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْهَا فَقَدْ أَخَذَ حَظّاً وَافِراً
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Abu Al Bakhtary,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The scholars-asws are the inheritors of the Prophets-as, and that is because the Prophets-as do not leave inheritance of the Dirhams nor of the Dinars, and rather they leave the inheritance of Ahadeeth from their-as Ahadeeth. So the one who takes with anything from these, so he has taken an abundant share.
فَانْظُرُوا عِلْمَكُمْ هَذَا عَمَّنْ تَأْخُذُونَهُ فَإِنَّ فِينَا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ فِي كُلِّ خَلَفٍ عُدُولًا يَنْفُونَ عَنْهُ تَحْرِيفَ الْغَالِينَ وَ انْتِحَالَ الْمُبْطِلِينَ وَ تَأْوِيلَ الْجَاهِلِينَ .
Therefore, look at this knowledge of yours, from whom you are taking it, for among us-asws, the People-asws of the Household, every successor-asws is a just one negating from it the alterations of the exaggerators, and the plagiarism of the invalidators, and the interpretations of the ignorant ones’.[48]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ بِعَبْدٍ خَيْراً فَقَّهَهُ فِي الدِّينِ .
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moalla Bin Muhammad, from Al Hassan Bin Al Washha, from Hammad Bin Usman,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Whenever Allah-azwj Intends good for a servant, Causes him to have understanding in the Religion’.[49]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ رِبْعِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ الْكَمَالُ كُلُّ الْكَمَالِ التَّفَقُّهُ فِي الدِّينِ وَ الصَّبْرُ عَلَى النَّائِبَةِ وَ تَقْدِيرُ الْمَعِيشَةِ .
Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazan, from Hammad Bin Isa, from Rabie Bin Abdullah, from a man,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘The perfection of every perfection is (having) the understanding in the Religion, and patience upon the calamities, and the regulating the life’.[50]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ الْعُلَمَاءُ أُمَنَاءُ وَ الْأَتْقِيَاءُ حُصُونٌ وَ الْأَوْصِيَاءُ سَادَةٌ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Isa, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Ismail Bin Jabir,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The scholars are the trustees, and the pious are the fortresses, and the successors-asws are the chiefs’.
وَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى الْعُلَمَاءُ مَنَارٌ وَ الْأَتْقِيَاءُ حُصُونٌ وَ الْأَوْصِيَاءُ سَادَةٌ .
And in another report, ‘(He-asws said): ‘The scholars are minarets, and the pious are fortresses, and the successors-asws are the chiefs’.[51]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ عَنْ إِدْرِيسَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْكِنْدِيِّ عَنْ بَشِيرٍ الدَّهَّانِ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) لَا خَيْرَ فِيمَنْ لَا يَتَفَقَّهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا يَا بَشِيرُ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ مِنْهُمْ إِذَا لَمْ يَسْتَغْنِ بِفِقْهِهِ احْتَاجَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَإِذَا احْتَاجَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَدْخَلُوهُ فِي بَابِ ضَلَالَتِهِمْ وَ هُوَ لَا يَعْلَمُ .
Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Muhammad Bin Hassan, from Idrees Bin Al Hassan, from Abu Is’haq Al Kindy, from Bashir Al Dahhan who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘There is no goodness in the ones from our-asws companions who have no understanding (in Religion). O Bashir! The man from them, if he is not self-sufficient with his understanding, would be needy to them (people). So when they become needy to them (other people), they would enter him into the doors of their straying, and he would not (even) know’.[52]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ آبَائِهِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) لَا خَيْرَ فِي الْعَيْشِ إِلَّا لِرَجُلَيْنِ عَالِمٍ مُطَاعٍ أَوْ مُسْتَمِعٍ وَاعٍ .
Ali Bin Mhammad, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘There is no goodness in the life except for two (types of) men – a scholar obeyed, or a retaining listener’.[53]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ عَالِمٌ يُنْتَفَعُ بِعِلْمِهِ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ سَبْعِينَ أَلْفَ عَابِدٍ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umer and Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Saf Bin Ameyra, from Abu Hamza,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘A scholar’s knowledge through which (people) benefit is superior than a thousand worshippers’.[54]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ سَعْدَانَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) رَجُلٌ رَاوِيَةٌ لِحَدِيثِكُمْ يَبُثُّ ذَلِكَ فِي النَّاسِ وَ يُشَدِّدُهُ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ وَ قُلُوبِ شِيعَتِكُمْ وَ لَعَلَّ عَابِداً مِنْ شِيعَتِكُمْ لَيْسَتْ لَهُ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ أَيُّهُمَا أَفْضَلُ قَالَ الرَّاوِيَةُ لِحَدِيثِنَا يَشُدُّ بِهِ قُلُوبَ شِيعَتِنَا أَفْضَلُ مِنْ أَلْفِ عَابِدٍ .
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Ahmad Bin Is’haq, from Sa’dan Bin Muslim, from Muawiya Bin Ammar who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘A man, a reporter of your-asws Ahadeeth, transmitting it among the people and fastening them into their hearts and the hearts of your-asws Shias, and there is a worshipper from your-asws Shias, who do not transmit (the Ahadeeth) for them (Shias), which of the two is superior?’ He-asws said: ‘The transmitter of our-asws Ahadeeth, fastening the hearts of our-asws Shias with it, is superior to a thousand worshippers’.[55]
بَابُ أَصْنَافِ النَّاسِ
Chapter 3 – Types of the people
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ السَّبِيعِيِّ عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ مِمَّنْ يُوثَقُ بِهِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ إِنَّ النَّاسَ آلُوا بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) إِلَى ثَلَاثَةٍ آلُوا إِلَى عَالِمٍ عَلَى هُدًى مِنَ اللَّهِ قَدْ أَغْنَاهُ اللَّهُ بِمَا عَلِمَ عَنْ عِلْمِ غَيْرِهِ وَ جَاهِلٍ مُدَّعٍ لِلْعِلْمِ لَا عِلْمَ لَهُ مُعْجَبٍ بِمَا عِنْدَهُ قَدْ فَتَنَتْهُ الدُّنْيَا وَ فَتَنَ غَيْرَهُ وَ مُتَعَلِّمٍ مِنْ عَالِمٍ عَلَى سَبِيلِ هُدًى مِنَ اللَّهِ وَ نَجَاةٍ ثُمَّ هَلَكَ مَنِ ادَّعَى وَ خَابَ مَنِ افْتَرَى .
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Sahl Bin Ziyad and Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, altogether from Ibn Mahboub, from Abu Asama, from Hisham Bin Salim, from Abu Hamza, from Abu Is’haq Al Sabi’e, from the one who narrated it, from the one is relied with it, said,
‘I heard Amir Al-Momineen-asws saying: ‘The people split after Rasool-Allah-saww into three – a group went to a scholar-asws who was upon Guidance from Allah-azwj, whom Allah-azwj had Made to be self-sufficient with what he-asws knew, from the knowledge of others; and (a group went to) an ignorant one claiming to (have the) knowledge, (although) there was no knowledge for him, being astounded (confused) by whatever was with him. The world had tempted him and he tempted others; and (a group went to) a student of the scholar-asws upon the way of Guidance from Allah-azwj, and were saved. Then they were destroyed, the ones who claimed (to be scholars), and the ones who forged (matters) incurred loss’.[56]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَائِذٍ عَنْ أَبِي خَدِيجَةَ سَالِمِ بْنِ مُكْرَمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ النَّاسُ ثَلَاثَةٌ عَالِمٌ وَ مُتَعَلِّمٌ وَ غُثَاءٌ .
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad Al Ashary, from Moalla Bin Muhammad, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Al Washha, from Ahmad Bin A’iz, from Abu Khadeeja Salim Bin Mukram,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The people are three (types) – a scholar-asws, a student, and a scum (worthless)’.[57]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) اغْدُ عَالِماً أَوْ مُتَعَلِّماً أَوْ أَحِبَّ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ وَ لَا تَكُنْ رَابِعاً فَتَهْلِكَ بِبُغْضِهِمْ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Abdullah Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Al A’ala Bin Razeyn, from Muhammad Bin Muslim, from Abu Hamza Al Sumaly who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said to me: ‘Become a scholar, or a student, or love the people of knowledge, but do not become a fourth (type), so you would be destroyed by their hatred’.[58]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ يَغْدُو النَّاسُ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَصْنَافٍ عَالِمٍ وَ مُتَعَلِّمٍ وَ غُثَاءٍ فَنَحْنُ الْعُلَمَاءُ وَ شِيعَتُنَا الْمُتَعَلِّمُونَ وَ سَائِرُ النَّاسِ غُثَاءٌ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus, from Jameel,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I heard him-asws saying: ‘The people came to be upon three types – a scholar, and a student, and scum. So we-asws are the scholars, and our-asws Shia are the students, and the rest of the people, are scum’ (worthless).[59]
بَابُ ثَوَابِ الْعَالِمِ وَ الْمُتَعَلِّمِ
Chapter 4 – The Rewards of the scholar and the student
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ الْقَدَّاحِ وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْقَدَّاحِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) مَنْ سَلَكَ طَرِيقاً يَطْلُبُ فِيهِ عِلْماً سَلَكَ اللَّهُ بِهِ طَرِيقاً إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَ إِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ لَتَضَعُ أَجْنِحَتَهَا لِطَالِبِ الْعِلْمِ رِضًا بِهِ وَ إِنَّهُ يَسْتَغْفِرُ لِطَالِبِ الْعِلْمِ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاءِ وَ مَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ حَتَّى الْحُوتِ فِي الْبَحْرِ
Muhammad Bin Al Hassan and Ali Bin Muhammad, from Sahl Bin Ziyad and Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, altogether from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Al Ashary, from Abdullah Bin Mamoun Al Qaddah and Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad Bin Isa, from Al Qaddah,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The one who travels a path seeking knowledge therein, Allah-azwj would Cause him to travel due to it, a path to the Paradise, and the Angels would lay down their wings for the seeker of the knowledge, being pleased with him; and the one who seeks knowledge, Forgiveness is sought for him – by the ones in the sky and the ones in the earth, to the extent of the fishes in the sea.
وَ فَضْلُ الْعَالِمِ عَلَى الْعَابِدِ كَفَضْلِ الْقَمَرِ عَلَى سَائِرِ النُّجُومِ لَيْلَةَ الْبَدْرِ وَ إِنَّ الْعُلَمَاءَ وَرَثَةُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ إِنَّ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ لَمْ يُوَرِّثُوا دِينَاراً وَ لَا دِرْهَماً وَ لَكِنْ وَرَّثُوا الْعِلْمَ فَمَنْ أَخَذَ مِنْهُ أَخَذَ بِحَظٍّ وَافِرٍ .
And the merit of the scholar upon the worshipper is like the merit of the moon upon the rest of the stars on the night of the full moon, and that the scholars-asws are the inheritors of the Prophets-as who neither left for inheritance any Dinars nor any Dirhams, but they-as left behind inheritance of the knowledge. So the one who takes from it has taken an abundant share’.[60]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِنَّ الَّذِي يُعَلِّمُ الْعِلْمَ مِنْكُمْ لَهُ أَجْرٌ مِثْلُ أَجْرِ الْمُتَعَلِّمِ وَ لَهُ الْفَضْلُ عَلَيْهِ فَتَعَلَّمُوا الْعِلْمَ مِنْ حَمَلَةِ الْعِلْمِ وَ عَلِّمُوهُ إِخْوَانَكُمْ كَمَا عَلَّمَكُمُوهُ الْعُلَمَاءُ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Jameel Bin Salih, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘The one from you who teaches the knowledge, for him would be a Recompense similar to the Recompense of the student, and for him would be the merit upon him (as being his teacher). Therefore learn the knowledge from the bearers of the knowledge, and teach it to your brethren just as the scholars-asws have taught it to you all’.[61]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ مَنْ عَلَّمَ خَيْراً فَلَهُ مِثْلُ أَجْرِ مَنْ عَمِلَ بِهِ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ عَلَّمَهُ غَيْرَهُ يَجْرِي ذَلِكَ لَهُ قَالَ إِنْ عَلَّمَهُ النَّاسَ كُلَّهُمْ جَرَى لَهُ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ مَاتَ قَالَ وَ إِنْ مَاتَ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Barqy, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from Abu Baseer who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘The one who teaches a good (thing), for him would be a Recompense similar to the one who acts by it’. I said, ‘So if he (in turn) were to teach it to others, would that (Recompense) flow for him?’ He-asws said: ‘If he were to teach it to the whole of the people, it would (still) flow for him’. I said, ‘Supposing he has died?’ He-asws said: ‘And even if he has died’.[62]
وَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ الْحَذَّاءِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَنْ عَلَّمَ بَابَ هُدًى فَلَهُ مِثْلُ أَجْرِ مَنْ عَمِلَ بِهِ وَ لَا يُنْقَصُ أُولَئِكَ مِنْ أُجُورِهِمْ شَيْئاً وَ مَنْ عَلَّمَ بَابَ ضَلَالٍ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ مِثْلُ أَوْزَارِ مَنْ عَمِلَ بِهِ وَ لَا يُنْقَصُ أُولَئِكَ مِنْ أَوْزَارِهِمْ شَيْئاً .
And by this chain, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Hameed, from Al A’ala Bin Razen, from Abu Ubeyda Al Haza’a,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘The one who teaches a door (subject) of guidance, for him would be a Recompense similar to the one who acts by it and there would not be any reduction from Recompense (of those who act upon it); and the one who teaches a door (subject) of straying, there would be upon him a burden similar to the one who acts by it, and there would not be any reduction in their burdens – by anything’.[63]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ رَفَعَهُ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لَوْ يَعْلَمُ النَّاسُ مَا فِي طَلَبِ الْعِلْمِ لَطَلَبُوهُ وَ لَوْ بِسَفْكِ الْمُهَجِ وَ خَوْضِ اللُّجَجِ
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Sa’ad, raising it, from Abu Hamza,
(It has been narrated) from Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws having said: ‘Had the people known what is (the Recompense) in seeking the knowledge, they would seek it and even if it was by spilling (their own blood), and diving into the depths (of the ocean).
إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَوْحَى إِلَى دَانِيَالَ أَنَّ أَمْقَتَ عَبِيدِي إِلَيَّ الْجَاهِلُ الْمُسْتَخِفُّ بِحَقِّ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ التَّارِكُ لِلِاقْتِدَاءِ بِهِمْ وَ أَنَّ أَحَبَّ عَبِيدِي إِلَيَّ التَّقِيُّ الطَّالِبُ لِلثَّوَابِ الْجَزِيلِ اللَّازِمُ لِلْعُلَمَاءِ التَّابِعُ لِلْحُلَمَاءِ الْقَابِلُ عَنِ الْحُكَمَاءِ .
Allah-azwj Blessed and High Revealed unto Daniel-as: “The most Detestable of My-azwj servants to Me-azwj is the ignorant one, the one who takes lightly with the rights of the people of the knowledge, the one who neglects being guided by them, and that the most Beloved of My-azwj servants to Me-azwj is the pious one, the seeker of the abundant Rewards, the follower of the forbearing ones, the acceptor of the wise ones’.[64]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْمِنْقَرِيِّ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) مَنْ تَعَلَّمَ الْعِلْمَ وَ عَمِلَ بِهِ وَ عَلَّمَ لِلَّهِ دُعِيَ فِي مَلَكُوتِ السَّمَاوَاتِ عَظِيماً فَقِيلَ تَعَلَّمَ لِلَّهِ وَ عَمِلَ لِلَّهِ وَ عَلَّمَ لِلَّهِ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Qasim Bin Muhammad, from Suleyman Bin Dawood Al Minqary, from Hafs Bin Giyas who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said to me: ‘The one who learns the knowledge and acts by it, and teaches for the Sake of Allah-azwj (without taking payment for the worldly needs) would be called as ‘عَظِيماً’ the magnificent in kingdom of the skies, so it would be said: ‘He learnt it for Allah-azwj, and acted for Allah-azwj, and taught for Allah-azwj!’’.[65]
بَابُ صِفَةِ الْعُلَمَاءِ
Chapter 5 – Description of the scholars
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْعَطَّارُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ وَهْبٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ اطْلُبُوا الْعِلْمَ وَ تَزَيَّنُوا مَعَهُ بِالْحِلْمِ وَ الْوَقَارِ وَ تَوَاضَعُوا لِمَنْ تُعَلِّمُونَهُ الْعِلْمَ وَ تَوَاضَعُوا لِمَنْ طَلَبْتُمْ مِنْهُ الْعِلْمَ وَ لَا تَكُونُوا عُلَمَاءَ جَبَّارِينَ فَيَذْهَبَ بَاطِلُكُمْ بِحَقِّكُمْ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Attar, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Muawiya Bin Wahab who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘Seek the knowledge and adorn (yourselves) along with it, with the forbearance, and the dignity, and the humbleness towards the ones whom you teach it to, and humbleness towards the one whom you sought the knowledge from, and do not become tyrannous scholars, as your falsehoods would remove your truth’.[66]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ النَّصْرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِنَّما يَخْشَى اللَّهَ مِنْ عِبادِهِ الْعُلَماءُ قَالَ يَعْنِي بِالْعُلَمَاءِ مَنْ صَدَّقَ فِعْلُهُ قَوْلَهُ وَ مَنْ لَمْ يُصَدِّقْ فِعْلُهُ قَوْلَهُ فَلَيْسَ بِعَالِمٍ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus, from Hammad Bin Usman, from Al Haris Bin Al Mugheira Al Nasry,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic [35:28] but rather the ones from His servants who fear Allah, are the scholars. He-asws said: ‘It Means by the ‘scholars’, the one whose deeds ratify his words, and the one whose deed does not ratify his words, so he is not with the knowledge’.[67]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْقَمَّاطِ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) أَ لَا أُخْبِرُكُمْ بِالْفَقِيهِ حَقِّ الْفَقِيهِ مَنْ لَمْ يُقَنِّطِ النَّاسَ مِنْ رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ وَ لَمْ يُؤْمِنْهُمْ مِنْ عَذَابِ اللَّهِ وَ لَمْ يُرَخِّصْ لَهُمْ فِي مَعَاصِي اللَّهِ وَ لَمْ يَتْرُكِ الْقُرْآنَ رَغْبَةً عَنْهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Barqy, from Ismail Bin Mihran, from Abu Saeed Al Qammat, from Al Halby,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘Shall I-asws inform you all with the understanding one who is truly an understanding one? (It is) the one who does not despair the people from the Mercy of Allah-azwj, and does not liberate them from the Punishment of Allah-azwj, and does not permit for them to be in the disobedience of Allah-azwj, and does not neglect the Quran, turning away from it to something else.
أَلَا لَا خَيْرَ فِي عِلْمٍ لَيْسَ فِيهِ تَفَهُّمٌ أَلَا لَا خَيْرَ فِي قِرَاءَةٍ لَيْسَ فِيهَا تَدَبُّرٌ أَلَا لَا خَيْرَ فِي عِبَادَةٍ لَيْسَ فِيهَا تَفَكُّرٌ
Indeed! There is no goodness in a knowledge wherein there is no understanding. Indeed! There is no goodness in the recitation (of the Quran) wherein there is no pondering. Indeed! There is no goodness in a worship there being no thinking in it’.
وَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى أَلَا لَا خَيْرَ فِي عِلْمٍ لَيْسَ فِيهِ تَفَهُّمٌ أَلَا لَا خَيْرَ فِي قِرَاءَةٍ لَيْسَ فِيهَا تَدَبُّرٌ أَلَا لَا خَيْرَ فِي عِبَادَةٍ لَا فِقْهَ فِيهَا أَلَا لَا خَيْرَ فِي نُسُكٍ لَا وَرَعَ فِيهِ .
And in another report, (He-asws said): ‘Indeed! There is no goodness in a knowledge wherein there is no understanding. Indeed! There is no goodness in a recitation (of the Quran) wherein there is no pondering. Indeed! There is no goodness in a worship there being no thinking in it. There is no goodness in a ritual, there being no piety in it’.[68]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ النَّيْسَابُورِيِّ جَمِيعاً عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِنَّ مِنْ عَلَامَاتِ الْفِقْهِ الْحِلْمَ وَ الصَّمْتnَ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, and Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazan Al Neyshapouri, altogether from Safwan Bin Yahya,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Al-Hassan Al-Reza-asws having said: ‘From the sings of the understanding (of the Religion), is the forbearance and the silence’.[69]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) لَا يَكُونُ السَّفَهُ وَ الْغِرَّةُ فِي قَلْبِ الْعَالِمِ .
Ahmad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Barqy, from one of his companions, raising it, said,
‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘There cannot happen to be the foolishness and the arrogance in the heart of a scholar’.[70]
وَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ قَالَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ ( عليه السلام ) يَا مَعْشَرَ الْحَوَارِيِّينَ لِي إِلَيْكُمْ حَاجَةٌ اقْضُوهَا لِي قَالُوا قُضِيَتْ حَاجَتُكَ يَا رُوحَ اللَّهِ فَقَامَ فَغَسَلَ أَقْدَامَهُمْ فَقَالُوا كُنَّا نَحْنُ أَحَقَّ بِهَذَا يَا رُوحَ اللَّهِ
And by this chain, from Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, raising it,
(He-asws) said: ‘Isa-as Bin Maryam-as said: ‘O group of disciples! There is a need for me-as to you all, will you fulfil it for me-as?’ They said, ‘We will fulfil your-as need, O Spirit of Allah-azwj!’ So he-as arose and washed their feet. So they said, ‘We were always more rightful with this (washing your-as feet), O Spirit of Allah-azwj!’.
فَقَالَ إِنَّ أَحَقَّ النَّاسِ بِالْخِدْمَةِ الْعَالِمُ إِنَّمَا تَوَاضَعْتُ هَكَذَا لِكَيْمَا تَتَوَاضَعُوا بَعْدِي فِي النَّاسِ كَتَوَاضُعِي لَكُمْ
So he-as said: ‘The people are more rightful with the service of the scholar. But rather, I-as am revering (you all) like this, so that you would be revering, after me-as, among the people, like my-as reverence to you all’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ عِيسَى ( عليه السلام ) بِالتَّوَاضُعِ تُعْمَرُ الْحِكْمَةُ لَا بِالتَّكَبُّرِ وَ كَذَلِكَ فِي السَّهْلِ يَنْبُتُ الزَّرْعُ لَا فِي الْجَبَلِ .
Then Isa-as said: ‘(It is) with the reverence that you would be building the wisdom, not with the arrogance, and similar to that (it is) the crops grow in the plains, (and) not in the rocks’’.[71]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ وَهْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ يَا طَالِبَ الْعِلْمِ إِنَّ لِلْعَالِمِ ثَلَاثَ عَلَامَاتٍ الْعِلْمَ وَ الْحِلْمَ وَ الصَّمْتَ وَ لِلْمُتَكَلِّفِ ثَلَاثَ عَلَامَاتٍ يُنَازِعُ مَنْ فَوْقَهُ بِالْمَعْصِيَةِ وَ يَظْلِمُ مَنْ دُونَهُ بِالْغَلَبَةِ وَ يُظَاهِرُ الظَّلَمَةَ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ali Bin Ma’bad, from the one who mentioned it, from Muawiya Bin Wahab,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws was saying: ‘O seeker of knowledge! For the (real) scholar there are three signs – the knowledge and the forbearance (self-control) and the silence; and for the pretentious (scholar) there are three signs – He disputes with the one above him by the disobedience, and he oppresses the one below him with the domination, and he backs the unjust’.[72]
بَابُ حَقِّ الْعَالِمِ
Chapter 6 – Rights of the scholar
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْجَعْفَرِيِّ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ إِنَّ مِنْ حَقِّ الْعَالِمِ أَنْ لَا تُكْثِرَ عَلَيْهِ السُّؤَالَ وَ لَا تَأْخُذَ بِثَوْبِهِ وَ إِذَا دَخَلْتَ عَلَيْهِ وَ عِنْدَهُ قَوْمٌ فَسَلِّمْ عَلَيْهِمْ جَمِيعاً وَ خُصَّهُ بِالتَّحِيَّةِ دُونَهُمْ وَ اجْلِسْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَ لَا تَجْلِسْ خَلْفَهُ
Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Suleyman Bin Ja’far Al Ja’fary, from the one who mentioned it,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws was saying: ‘From the rights of the scholar is that the questioning should not be frequented upon him, nor should he be seized by his clothes; and when you go over to him and in his presence is a group, so greet upon them altogether, and particularise him with the greetings besides them, and sit in front of him and do not sit behind him.
وَ لَا تَغْمِزْ بِعَيْنِكَ وَ لَا تُشِرْ بِيَدِكَ وَ لَا تُكْثِرْ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ قَالَ فُلَانٌ وَ قَالَ فُلَانٌ خِلَافاً لِقَوْلِهِ وَ لَا تَضْجَرْ بِطُولِ صُحْبَتِهِ فَإِنَّمَا مَثَلُ الْعَالِمِ مَثَلُ النَّخْلَةِ تَنْتَظِرُهَا حَتَّى يَسْقُطَ عَلَيْكَ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ وَ الْعَالِمُ أَعْظَمُ أَجْراً مِنَ الصَّائِمِ الْقَائِمِ الْغَازِي فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ .
And neither close your eyes nor gesture with your hands nor frequent from the speech saying, ‘So and so said such, and so and so said such differently to your words’, nor bore him with the prolongation of being in his company, for rather, the example of the scholar is like the palm tree. You wait for it until something from it falls upon you; and a scholar will have a greater Recompense than the Fasting one, standing, fighting in the Way of Allah-azwj’.[73]
بَابُ فَقْدِ الْعُلَمَاءِ
Chapter 7 – Loss of the scholar
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْخَزَّازِ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ يَمُوتُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَحَبَّ إِلَى إِبْلِيسَ مِنْ مَوْتِ فَقِيهٍ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from usman Bin Isa, from Abu Ayoub Al Khazzaz, from Suleyman Bin Khalid,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘There is no one dying from the Momineen (whose death) is more beloved to Iblees-la than the death of an understanding one (فَقِيهٍ)’.[74]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِذَا مَاتَ الْمُؤْمِنُ الْفَقِيهُ ثُلِمَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ ثُلْمَةٌ لَا يَسُدُّهَا شَيْءٌ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from one of his companions,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When a Momin who understands (his Religion) dies, a crack (appears) in Al-Islam, a crack which nothing can fill’.[75]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ إِذَا مَاتَ الْمُؤْمِنُ بَكَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَ بِقَاعُ الْأَرْضِ الَّتِي كَانَ يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ عَلَيْهَا وَ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ الَّتِي كَانَ يُصْعَدُ فِيهَا بِأَعْمَالِهِ وَ ثُلِمَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ ثُلْمَةٌ لَا يَسُدُّهَا شَيْءٌ لِأَنَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْفُقَهَاءَ حُصُونُ الْإِسْلَامِ كَحِصْنِ سُورِ الْمَدِينَةِ لَهَا .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza who said,
‘I heard Abu Al-Hassan Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws saying: ‘When a Momin dies, the Angels weep upon him, and the spot of the ground which he used to worship Allah-azwj upon, and the doors of the sky through which they (angels) used to ascend along with his deeds, and a crack (appears) in Al-Islam, a crack which nothing can fill, because the Momineen are the understanding ones (الْفُقَهَاءَ), fortresses of Al-Islam like the fortressing (wall) which the city has for (it’s defence)’.[76]
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْخَزَّازِ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ يَمُوتُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَحَبَّ إِلَى إِبْلِيسَ مِنْ مَوْتِ فَقِيهٍ .
And from him, from Ahmad Bin Ibn Mahboub, from Abu Ayoub Al Khazzaz, from suleyman Bin Khalid,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having: ‘There is no one who is dying from the Momineen (whose death) is more beloved to Iblees-la than the death of one an understanding one (فَقِيهٍ)’.[77]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ عَنْ عَمِّهِ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ فَرْقَدٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنَّ أَبِي كَانَ يَقُولُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَا يَقْبِضُ الْعِلْمَ بَعْدَ مَا يُهْبِطُهُ وَ لَكِنْ يَمُوتُ الْعَالِمُ فَيَذْهَبُ بِمَا يَعْلَمُ فَتَلِيهِمُ الْجُفَاةُ فَيَضِلُّونَ وَ يُضِلُّونَ وَ لَا خَيْرَ فِي شَيْءٍ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَصْلٌ .
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ali Bin Asbat, from his uncle Yaqoub Bin Salim, from Dawood Bin Farqad who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘My-asws father-asws was saying: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic does not Capture the knowledge after having Sent it down, but He-azwj Causes the death of a scholar, so he goes away with whatever he knew and the vanities follow them (the people), so they would be straying and causing others to be straying, and there is no goodness in something which does not originate from its source (the Divine Knowledge)’.[78]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ إِنَّهُ يُسَخِّي نَفْسِي فِي سُرْعَةِ الْمَوْتِ وَ الْقَتْلِ فِينَا قَوْلُ اللَّهِ أَ وَ لَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّا نَأْتِي الْأَرْضَ نَنْقُصُها مِنْ أَطْرافِها وَ هُوَ ذَهَابُ الْعُلَمَاءِ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Ali, from the one who mentioned it, from Jabir,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws was saying: ‘I-asws am generous with myself-asws regarding the hastening of the death and the murder. Regarding us-asws are the Words of Allah-azwj [13:41] Do they not see that We Aim at the earth by Reducing its sides? And it is the departure of the scholars-asws (from the world)’.[79]
بَابُ مُجَالَسَةِ الْعُلَمَاءِ وَ صُحْبَتِهِمْ
Chapter 8 – Gatherings of the scholars and their company
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ قَالَ لُقْمَانُ لِابْنِهِ يَا بُنَيَّ اخْتَرِ الْمَجَالِسَ عَلَى عَيْنِكَ فَإِنْ رَأَيْتَ قَوْماً يَذْكُرُونَ اللَّهَ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ فَاجْلِسْ مَعَهُمْ فَإِنْ تَكُنْ عَالِماً نَفَعَكَ عِلْمُكَ وَ إِنْ تَكُنْ جَاهِلًا عَلَّمُوكَ وَ لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ أَنْ يُظِلَّهُمْ بِرَحْمَتِهِ فَيَعُمَّكَ مَعَهُمْ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus, raising it, said,
‘Luqman-as said to his-as son: ‘O my-as son! Choose the gathering upon its exactness. So, if you see a group mentioning Allah-azwj Majestic and Mighty, so sit with them. So if you happen to be knowledgeable, your knowledge would benefit you, and if you happen to be ignorant, they will teach you, and perhaps if Allah-azwj were to Shade them with His-azwj Mercy, so He-azwj would Cover you along with them.
وَ إِذَا رَأَيْتَ قَوْماً لَا يَذْكُرُونَ اللَّهَ فَلَا تَجْلِسْ مَعَهُمْ فَإِنْ تَكُنْ عَالِماً لَمْ يَنْفَعْكَ عِلْمُكَ وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ جَاهِلًا يَزِيدُوكَ جَهْلًا وَ لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ أَنْ يُظِلَّهُمْ بِعُقُوبَةٍ فَيَعُمَّكَ مَعَهُمْ .
And when you see a group who are not mentioning Allah-azwj, so do not sit with them, for if you happen to be knowledgeable, your knowledge would not benefit you, and if you happen to be ignorant, it would increase your ignorance, and perhaps if Allah-azwj was to Shade/Inflect them with His-azwj Punishment, so He-azwj would Cover you along with them’.[80]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ دُرُسْتَ بْنِ أَبِي مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مُحَادَثَةُ الْعَالِمِ عَلَى الْمَزَابِلِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ مُحَادَثَةِ الْجَاهِلِ عَلَى الزَّرَابِيِّ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father and Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, altogether from Ibn Mahboub, from Dorost Bin Abu Mansour, from Ibrahim Bin Abdul Hameed,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Al-Hassan Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws having said: ‘A discussion of the scholar upon the rubbish dump is better than a discussion of the ignorant upon the carpets/cushions’.[81]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ شَرِيفِ بْنِ سَابِقٍ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ أَبِي قُرَّةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) قَالَتِ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ لِعِيسَى يَا رُوحَ اللَّهِ مَنْ نُجَالِسُ قَالَ مَنْ يُذَكِّرُكُمُ اللَّهَ رُؤْيَتُهُ وَ يَزِيدُ فِي عِلْمِكُمْ مَنْطِقُهُ وَ يُرَغِّبُكُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ عَمَلُهُ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Barqy, from Shreef Bin Sabiq, from Al Fazl Bin Abu Qurrat,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The disciples said to Isa-as, ‘O Spirit of Allah-azwj! Whom should we sit with (in a gathering)?’ He-as said: ‘The one whose reports remind you of Allah-azwj, and his speaking increases in your knowledge, and his deeds make you desirous regarding the Hereafter’’.[82]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) مُجَالَسَةُ أَهْلِ الدِّينِ شَرَفُ الدُّنْيَا وَ الْآخِرَةِ .
Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazan, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Mansour bin Hazim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The gatherings of the people of the Religion is a nobility in the world and the Hereafter’’.[83]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيِّ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْمِنْقَرِيِّ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ مِسْعَرِ بْنِ كِدَامٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ لَمَجْلِسٌ أَجْلِسُهُ إِلَى مَنْ أَثِقُ بِهِ أَوْثَقُ فِي نَفْسِي مِنْ عَمَلِ سَنَةٍ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Qasim Bin Muhammad Al Isbahany, from Suleyman Bin Dawood Al Minqary, from Sufyan Bin Uyayna, from Mis’ar Bin Kidam who said,
‘I heard Abu Ja’far-asws saying: ‘The sitting – I-asws sit with one I-asws trust with is more strengthening regarding myself-asws than working for a year’.[84]
بَابُ سُؤَالِ الْعَالِمِ وَ تَذَاكُرِهِ
Chapter 9 – Asking the scholar and discussing with him
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مَجْدُورٍ أَصَابَتْهُ جَنَابَةٌ فَغَسَّلُوهُ فَمَاتَ قَالَ قَتَلُوهُ أَلَّا سَأَلُوا فَإِنَّ دَوَاءَ الْعِيِّ السُّؤَالُ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from one of our companions,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I asked him-asws about the one with smallpox stained by the sexual impurity, so they washed him, and he died. So he-asws said: ‘They killed him. Why did they not ask, for a cure for the incompetence, it is the asking’.[85]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ وَ بُرَيْدٍ الْعِجْلِيِّ قَالُوا قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) لِحُمْرَانَ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ فِي شَيْءٍ سَأَلَهُ إِنَّمَا يَهْلِكُ النَّاسُ لِأَنَّهُمْ لَا يَسْأَلُونَ .
Muhammad Bin yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Hammad Bin Isa, from Hareyz, from Zurara and Muhammad Bin Muslim and Bureyd Al Ijaly who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said to Humran Bin Ayn regarding something he had asked him-asws: ‘But rather, the people are destroyed because they are not asking’.[86]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ الْقَدَّاحِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا الْعِلْمَ عَلَيْهِ قُفْلٌ وَ مِفْتَاحُهُ الْمَسْأَلَةُ .
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Al Ashary, from Abdullah Bin Maymoun Al Qaddah,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘This knowledge, there is a lock upon it and its key is the asking’.
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) مِثْلَهُ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Nowfal, from Al Sakuny, from Abu Abdullah-asws – similar to it.[87]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْأَحْوَلِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لَا يَسَعُ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَسْأَلُوا وَ يَتَفَقَّهُوا وَ يَعْرِفُوا إِمَامَهُمْ وَ يَسَعُهُمْ أَنْ يَأْخُذُوا بِمَا يَقُولُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ تَقِيَّةً .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa Bin Ubeyd, from yunus Bin Abdul Rahman, from Abu Ja’far Al Ahowl,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The people have no leeway (for not asking), until they do ask, and understand, and recognise their Imam-asws, and they do have the capacity that they should be taking with what he-asws is saying, and even if it is under dissimulation’.[88]
عَلِيٌّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) أُفٍّ لِرَجُلٍ لَا يُفَرِّغُ نَفْسَهُ فِي كُلِّ جُمُعَةٍ لِأَمْرِ دِينِهِ فَيَتَعَاهَدُهُ وَ يَسْأَلُ عَنْ دِينِهِ وَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى لِكُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ .
Ali, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus, from the one who mentioned it,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Fie to a man who does not free himself during every Friday for the matters of his Religion, so he pacts it and asks about his Religion’.
And in another report, ‘(Fie is) to every Muslim’.[89]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ تَذَاكُرُ الْعِلْمِ بَيْنَ عِبَادِي مِمَّا تَحْيَا عَلَيْهِ الْقُلُوبُ الْمَيْتَةُ إِذَا هُمُ انْتَهَوْا فِيهِ إِلَى أَمْرِي .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Abdullah Bin Sinan,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: “The discussion of the knowledge between My-azwj servants is from what the dead hearts are revived upon. When, as a consequence, they end up in it to My-azwj Commands”’.[90]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ رَحِمَ اللَّهُ عَبْداً أَحْيَا الْعِلْمَ قَالَ قُلْتُ وَ مَا إِحْيَاؤُهُ قَالَ أَنْ يُذَاكِرَ بِهِ أَهْلَ الدِّينِ وَ أَهْلَ الْوَرَعِ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Abu Al Jaroud who said,
‘I heard Abu Ja’far-asws saing: ‘May Allah-azwj have Mercy on a servant who revives the knowledge’. I said, ‘And what is its revival?’ He-asws said: ‘If he discusses it with the people of the Religion and the people of the piety’.[91]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَجَّالِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) تَذَاكَرُوا وَ تَلَاقَوْا وَ تَحَدَّثُوا فَإِنَّ الْحَدِيثَ جِلَاءٌ لِلْقُلُوبِ إِنَّ الْقُلُوبَ لَتَرِينُ كَمَا يَرِينُ السَّيْفُ جِلَاؤُهَا الْحَدِيثُ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Abdullah Bin Muhammad Al Hajjal, from one of his companions, raising it, said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Discuss and meet and narrate Hadeeth to each other, for the Hadeeth is a polishing for the hearts. The hearts tend to rust just as the swords rust. Polish these with the Hadeeth’.[92]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ الصَّيْقَلِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ تَذَاكُرُ الْعِلْمِ دِرَاسَةٌ وَ الدِّرَاسَةُ صَلَاةٌ حَسَنَةٌ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from his father, from Fazalat Bin Ayoub, from Umar Bin Aban, from Mansour Al Sayqal who said,
‘Abu Ja’far-asws saying: ‘Discussing the knowledge is an education, and the education is like a good Salat’.[93]
بَابُ بَذْلِ الْعِلْمِ
Chapter 10 – Granting the knowledge
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ بَزِيعٍ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَرَأْتُ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ ( عليه السلام ) إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَأْخُذْ عَلَى الْجُهَّالِ عَهْداً بِطَلَبِ الْعِلْمِ حَتَّى أَخَذَ عَلَى الْعُلَمَاءِ عَهْداً بِبَذْلِ الْعِلْمِ لِلْجُهَّالِ لِأَنَّ الْعِلْمَ كَانَ قَبْلَ الْجَهْلِ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Muhammad Bin Ismail Bin Bazie, from Mansour Bin Hazim, from Talha Bin Zayd,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘I-asws read in the Book of Ali-asws: ‘Allah-azwj did not Take a Covenant upon the ignorant one with seeking the knowledge until after He-azwj Took a Covenant upon the scholars to teach the knowledge to the ignorant one, because the knowledge did (exist) before the ignorance did’.[94]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ وَ لا تُصَعِّرْ خَدَّكَ لِلنَّاسِ قَالَ لِيَكُنِ النَّاسُ عِنْدَكَ فِي الْعِلْمِ سَوَاءً .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Barq, from his father, from Abdullah Bin Al Mugheira and Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Talha Bin Zayd,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding this Verse [31:18] And do not turn your cheek away from people in contempt. He-asws said: ‘For the people to happen to be equal with you regarding the knowledge’.[95]
وَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ زَكَاةُ الْعِلْمِ أَنْ تُعَلِّمَهُ عِبَادَ اللَّهِ .
And by this chain, from his father, from Ahmad Bin Al Nazar, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘The Zakat of the knowledge is that you teach it to the servants of Allah-azwj’.[96]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَامَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ ( عليه السلام ) خَطِيباً فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ فَقَالَ يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ لَا تُحَدِّثُوا الْجُهَّالَ بِالْحِكْمَةِ فَتَظْلِمُوهَا وَ لَا تَمْنَعُوهَا أَهْلَهَا فَتَظْلِمُوهُمْ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa Bin Ubeyd, from Yunus Bin Abdul Rahman, from the one who mentioned it,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Isa-as Bin Maryam-as arose to address among the Children of Israel, so he-as said: ‘O Children of Israel! Do not be narrating the (words of) wisdom to the ignorant for you would be doing injustice to these (words), and do not be preventing it from its deserving ones, for you would be doing injustice to them’.[97]
بَابُ النَّهْيِ عَنِ الْقَوْلِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ
Chapter 11 – The forbiddance from the speech without knowledge
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ وَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ابْنَيْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ مُفَضَّلِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَنْهَاكَ عَنْ خَصْلَتَيْنِ فِيهِمَا هَلَاكُ الرِّجَالِ أَنْهَاكَ أَنْ تَدِينَ اللَّهَ بِالْبَاطِلِ وَ تُفْتِيَ النَّاسَ بِمَا لَا تَعْلَمُ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad and Abdullah, two sons of Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Sayf Bin Amera, from Mufazzal Bin Yazeed who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said to me: ‘I-asws forbid you from two characteristics wherein is destruction of the men. I-asws forbid you to make a Religion of Allah-azwj with the falsehood, and issue Fatwas to the people with what you do not know’.[98]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِيَّاكَ وَ خَصْلَتَيْنِ فَفِيهِمَا هَلَكَ مَنْ هَلَكَ إِيَّاكَ أَنْ تُفْتِيَ النَّاسَ بِرَأْيِكَ أَوْ تَدِينَ بِمَا لَا تَعْلَمُ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ubed, from Yunus Bin Abdul Rahman, from Abdul Rahman Bin Al Hajjal who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Beware of two characteristics, for in these two were destroyed, the one who was destroyed. Beware of issuing Fatwas to the people by your opinion, or making a Religion with that which you do not know’.[99]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ الْحَذَّاءِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَنْ أَفْتَى النَّاسَ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَ لَا هُدًى لَعَنَتْهُ مَلَائِكَةُ الرَّحْمَةِ وَ مَلَائِكَةُ الْعَذَابِ وَ لَحِقَهُ وِزْرُ مَنْ عَمِلَ بِفُتْيَاهُ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Ali Bin Raib, from Abu Ubeda Al Haza’a,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘The one who issues Fatwa to the people without knowledge and without (having) guidance, the Angels of the Mercy and the Angels of the Punishment curse him, and attach him with the burden of the ones who acted by his Fatwa’.[100]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ أَبَانٍ الْأَحْمَرِ عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ أَبِي رَجَاءٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَا عَلِمْتُمْ فَقُولُوا وَ مَا لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا فَقُولُوا اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَنْتَزِعُ الْآيَةَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ يَخِرُّ فِيهَا أَبْعَدَ مَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَ الْأَرْضِ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khallad, from Al Hassan Bin Al Al Washha, from Aban Al Ahmar, from Ziyad Bin Abu Raja’a,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘As for what you know, so you can talk about it, but what you do not know, so you should be saying, ‘Allah-azwj is more Knowing’. The man clinches to a Verse from the Quran, and falls in it (to a distance) further than what is between the sky and the earth’.[101]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ رِبْعِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لِلْعَالِمِ إِذَا سُئِلَ عَنْ شَيْءٍ وَ هُوَ لَا يَعْلَمُهُ أَنْ يَقُولَ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ وَ لَيْسَ لِغَيْرِ الْعَالِمِ أَنْ يَقُولَ ذَلِكَ .
Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl, from Al Fazl Bin Shazaan, from Hammad Bin Isa, from Rabie Bin Abdullah, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘(It is) for the scholar, when he is asked about something and he does not know it, that he should be saying, ‘Allah-azwj is more Knowing’, and it is not for other than a scholar that he should be saying that’.[102]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِذَا سُئِلَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْكُمْ عَمَّا لَا يَعْلَمُ فَلْيَقُلْ لَا أَدْرِي وَ لَا يَقُلْ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ فَيُوقِعَ فِي قَلْبِ صَاحِبِهِ شَكّاً وَ إِذَا قَالَ الْمَسْئُولُ لَا أَدْرِي فَلَا يَتَّهِمُهُ السَّائِلُ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Hammad Bin Isa, from Hareyz Bin Abdullah, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When the man from you is asked about what he does not know, so let him say, ‘I don’t know’, and he should not say, ‘Allah-azwj is more Knowing’, for there would occur a doubt in the heart of his companion. And when the questioned one says, ‘I don’t know’, so the questioner cannot accuse him’.[103]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) مَا حَقُّ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْعِبَادِ قَالَ أَنْ يَقُولُوا مَا يَعْلَمُونَ وَ يَقِفُوا عِنْدَ مَا لَا يَعْلَمُونَ .
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moalla Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Asbat, from Ja’far Bin Sama’at, from someone else, from Aban, from Zurara Bin Ayn who said,
‘I asked Abu Ja’far-asws, ‘What is a Right of Allah-azwj upon the servants?’ He-asws said: ‘That he should be saying what he knows, and refraining during what he does not know’.[104]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ أَبِي يَعْقُوبَ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَصَّ عِبَادَهُ بِآيَتَيْنِ مِنْ كِتَابِهِ أَنْ لَا يَقُولُوا حَتَّى يَعْلَمُوا وَ لَا يَرُدُّوا مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمُوا وَ قَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَ لَمْ يُؤْخَذْ عَلَيْهِمْ مِيثاقُ الْكِتابِ أَنْ لا يَقُولُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ إِلَّا الْحَقَّ وَ قَالَ بَلْ كَذَّبُوا بِما لَمْ يُحِيطُوا بِعِلْمِهِ وَ لَمَّا يَأْتِهِمْ تَأْوِيلُهُ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Yunus Bin Abdulrahman, from Abu Yaqoub Is’haq Bin Abdullah,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj Particularised with two Verses from His-azwj Book that they (people) should not be saying until they know, and they should not be replying what they are not knowing, and the Mighty and Majestic Said [7:169] Was not a Covenant Taken from them in the Book that they would not speak anything about Allah but the truth? And Said [10:39] But, they are belying that which they have no comprehension of its Knowledge, and it’s explanation has not yet come to them’.[105]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ فَرْقَدٍ عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ شُبْرُمَةَ قَالَ مَا ذَكَرْتُ حَدِيثاً سَمِعْتُهُ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ( عليه السلام ) إِلَّا كَادَ أَنْ يَتَصَدَّعَ قَلْبِي قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ جَدِّي عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله )
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus, from Dawood Bin Farqad, from the one who narrated it,
(It has been narrated) from Ibn Shubrama (a judge) who said, ‘I do not recall a Hadeeth I heard from Ja’far Bin Muhammad-asws except that it almost pierces my heart. He-asws said: ‘My-asws father-asws narrated to me, from my-asws grandfather-asws, from Rasool-Allah-saww’.
قَالَ ابْنُ شُبْرُمَةَ وَ أُقْسِمُ بِاللَّهِ مَا كَذَبَ أَبُوهُ عَلَى جَدِّهِ وَ لَا جَدُّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) مَنْ عَمِلَ بِالْمَقَايِيسِ فَقَدْ هَلَكَ وَ أَهْلَكَ وَ مَنْ أَفْتَى النَّاسَ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَ هُوَ لَا يَعْلَمُ النَّاسِخَ مِنَ الْمَنْسُوخِ وَ الْمُحْكَمَ مِنَ الْمُتَشَابِهِ فَقَدْ هَلَكَ وَ أَهْلَكَ .
Ibr Shubrama said, ‘And I swear by Allah-azwj, his-asws father-asws did not lie upon his-asws grandfather-asws, nor his-asws grandfather-asws (lied) upon Rasool-Allah-saww. He-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The one who acts by the analogies, so he would be destroyed and destroy (others), and the one who issues Fatwas to the people without knowledge and he does not know the Abrogating (Verses of the Quran) from the Abrogated, and the Decisive from the Allegorical, so he would be destroyed and destroy (others)’.[106]
بَابُ مَنْ عَمِلَ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ
Chapter 12 – The one who acts without knowledge
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ الْعَامِلُ عَلَى غَيْرِ بَصِيرَةٍ كَالسَّائِرِ عَلَى غَيْرِ الطَّرِيقِ لَا يَزِيدُهُ سُرْعَةُ السَّيْرِ إِلَّا بُعْداً .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Talha Bin Zayd who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘The one who acts upon without an insight is like the traveller upon another road. The quickness of the travel would not increase him except for the distance (from his destination)’.[107]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ حُسَيْنٍ الصَّيْقَلِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ لَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ عَمَلًا إِلَّا بِمَعْرِفَةٍ وَ لَا مَعْرِفَةَ إِلَّا بِعَمَلٍ فَمَنْ عَرَفَ دَلَّتْهُ الْمَعْرِفَةُ عَلَى الْعَمَلِ وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَعْمَلْ فَلَا مَعْرِفَةَ لَهُ أَلَا إِنَّ الْإِيمَانَ بَعْضُهُ مِنْ بَعْضٍ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Ibn Muskan, fromHusayn Al Sayqal who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘Allah-azwj does not Accept a deed except with the understanding, nor the understanding except with the deed. So the one who understands that, the understanding would indicate him upon the (performance of the) deed, and the one who does not act, so there is no understanding for him. Indeed! The Eman, part of it is from the other part’.[108]
عَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَمَّنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) مَنْ عَمِلَ عَلَى غَيْرِ عِلْمٍ كَانَ مَا يُفْسِدُ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا يُصْلِحُ .
From him, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazzal, from the one who reported it,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The one who acts upon without knowledge, it would be so that he would spoil more than what he would correct’.[109]
بَابُ اسْتِعْمَالِ الْعِلْمِ
Chapter 13 – Utilisation of the knowledge
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْهِلَالِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي كَلَامٍ لَهُ الْعُلَمَاءُ رَجُلَانِ رَجُلٌ عَالِمٌ آخِذٌ بِعِلْمِهِ فَهَذَا نَاجٍ وَ عَالِمٌ تَارِكٌ لِعِلْمِهِ فَهَذَا هَالِكٌ وَ إِنَّ أَهْلَ النَّارِ لَيَتَأَذَّوْنَ مِنْ رِيحِ الْعَالِمِ التَّارِكِ لِعِلْمِهِ وَ إِنَّ أَشَدَّ أَهْلِ النَّارِ نَدَامَةً وَ حَسْرَةً رَجُلٌ دَعَا عَبْداً إِلَى اللَّهِ فَاسْتَجَابَ لَهُ وَ قَبِلَ مِنْهُ فَأَطَاعَ اللَّهَ فَأَدْخَلَهُ اللَّهُ الْجَنَّةَ وَ أَدْخَلَ الدَّاعِيَ النَّارَ بِتَرْكِهِ عِلْمَهُ وَ اتِّبَاعِهِ الْهَوَى وَ طُولِ الْأَمَلِ أَمَّا اتِّبَاعُ الْهَوَى فَيَصُدُّ عَنِ الْحَقِّ وَ طُولُ الْأَمَلِ يُنْسِي الْآخِرَةَ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Hammad Bin Isa, from Umar Bin Azina, from Aban Bin Abu Ayyash, from Suleym Bin Qays Al Hilaly who said,
‘I heard Amir Al-Momineen-asws narrating about the Prophet-saww that he-saww said during a speech of his-saww: ‘The scholars are two (types of) men, a scholar who takes (acts) with his knowledge, so this is a rescued one, and a scholar who is a neglects his knowledge, so this is a destroyed one; and that the inhabitants of the Fire would be harmed by the stink of the scholar who did not act upon his knowledge.
وَ إِنَّ أَشَدَّ أَهْلِ النَّارِ نَدَامَةً وَ حَسْرَةً رَجُلٌ دَعَا عَبْداً إِلَى اللَّهِ فَاسْتَجَابَ لَهُ وَ قَبِلَ مِنْهُ فَأَطَاعَ اللَّهَ فَأَدْخَلَهُ اللَّهُ الْجَنَّةَ وَ أَدْخَلَ الدَّاعِيَ النَّارَ بِتَرْكِهِ عِلْمَهُ وَ اتِّبَاعِهِ الْهَوَى وَ طُولِ الْأَمَلِ أَمَّا اتِّبَاعُ الْهَوَى فَيَصُدُّ عَنِ الْحَقِّ وَ طُولُ الْأَمَلِ يُنْسِي الْآخِرَةَ .
And that the ones of the most intense remorse and regret would be a man who invited a servant towards Allah-azwj, and he answered him for it, and it was Accepted from him. So he obeyed Allah-azwj, and Allah-azwj would Enter him into the Paradise, and would Enter the inviter into the Fire due to his neglecting his own knowledge, and his following his personal desires, and prolonged anticipations. As for following personal desires, so it blocks from the Truth, and prolonged anticipations causes one to forget the Hereafter’.[110]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ الْعِلْمُ مَقْرُونٌ إِلَى الْعَمَلِ فَمَنْ عَلِمَ عَمِلَ وَ مَنْ عَمِلَ عَلِمَ وَ الْعِلْمُ يَهْتِفُ بِالْعَمَلِ فَإِنْ أَجَابَهُ وَ إِلَّا ارْتَحَلَ عَنْهُ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Ismail Bin Jabir,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The knowledge is coupled to the deed. So the one who knows, would act, and the one who acts would know; and the knowledge would invite the acts (the deeds), so if it answers it (fine), or else it would depart from him’.[111]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَاسَانِيِّ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ الْجَعْفَرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِنَّ الْعَالِمَ إِذَا لَمْ يَعْمَلْ بِعِلْمِهِ زَلَّتْ مَوْعِظَتُهُ عَنِ الْقُلُوبِ كَمَا يَزِلُّ الْمَطَرُ عَنِ الصَّفَا .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Ali Bin Muhammad Al Qasany, from the one who mentioned it, from Abdullah Bin Al Qasim Al Ja’fary,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The scholar, when he does not act for (performing) his deed, his advice would slide off from the hearts just as the rain drops slide off from the rock’.[112]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْمِنْقَرِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ هَاشِمِ بْنِ الْبَرِيدِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ( عليه السلام ) فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ مَسَائِلَ فَأَجَابَ ثُمَّ عَادَ لِيَسْأَلَ عَنْ مِثْلِهَا فَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ( عليه السلام ) مَكْتُوبٌ فِي الْإِنْجِيلِ لَا تَطْلُبُوا عِلْمَ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ وَ لَمَّا تَعْمَلُوا بِمَا عَلِمْتُمْ فَإِنَّ الْعِلْمَ إِذَا لَمْ يُعْمَلْ بِهِ لَمْ يَزْدَدْ صَاحِبُهُ إِلَّا كُفْراً وَ لَمْ يَزْدَدْ مِنَ اللَّهِ إِلَّا بُعْداً .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Qasim Bin Muhammad, from Al Minqary, from Ali Bin Hashim Bin Al Bareyd, from his father who said,
‘A man came over to Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws and asked him-asws a question. So he-asws answered. Then he repeated to ask about similar to it. So Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws said: ‘It is Written in the Evangel: ‘Do not seek knowledge of what you do not (need) knowing, but (only after) when you are acting with what you already know, for when one does not act by it, it would not increase anything for (him) except for disbelief, and it would not increase him from Allah-azwj except for remoteness’.[113]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ بِمَ يُعْرَفُ النَّاجِي قَالَ مَنْ كَانَ فِعْلُهُ لِقَوْلِهِ مُوَافِقاً فَأَثْبَتَ لَهُ الشَّهَادَةَ وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِعْلُهُ لِقَوْلِهِ مُوَافِقاً فَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ مُسْتَوْدَعٌ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Al Mufazzal Bin Umar,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘With what would the Rescued one be recognised?’ He-asws said: ‘The one whose deed was in accordance with his words, so the testimony would be affirmed for him; and the one whose deed do not happen to be in accordance to his words, so rather, that is the lent (temporary) Eman’.[114]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) فِي كَلَامٍ لَهُ خَطَبَ بِهِ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِذَا عَلِمْتُمْ فَاعْمَلُوا بِمَا عَلِمْتُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ إِنَّ الْعَالِمَ الْعَامِلَ بِغَيْرِهِ كَالْجَاهِلِ الْحَائِرِ الَّذِي لَا يَسْتَفِيقُ عَنْ جَهْلِهِ بَلْ قَدْ رَأَيْتُ أَنَّ الْحُجَّةَ عَلَيْهِ أَعْظَمُ وَ الْحَسْرَةُ أَدْوَمُ عَلَى هَذَا الْعَالِمِ الْمُنْسَلِخِ مِنْ عِلْمِهِ مِنْهَا عَلَى هَذَا الْجَاهِلِ الْمُتَحَيِّرِ فِي جَهْلِهِ وَ كِلَاهُمَا حَائِرٌ بَائِرٌ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from his father, raising it, said,
‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said in a speech of his-asws which he-asws addressed in a sermon upon the Pulpit: ‘O you people! When you know so act upon what you know so that you may be guided. A scholar acting with other than it (knowledge) is like the ignorant confused one who has not woken up from his ignorance. But, you will see that the argument against him is greater, and the regret would be more prolonged upon this scholar, the one alienated from his own knowledge than it would be upon this ignorant one, the one confused in his own ignorance, and both of them are confused, wandering.
لَا تَرْتَابُوا فَتَشُكُّوا وَ لَا تَشُكُّوا فَتَكْفُرُوا وَ لَا تُرَخِّصُوا لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ فَتُدْهِنُوا وَ لَا تُدْهِنُوا فِي الْحَقِّ فَتَخْسَرُوا وَ إِنَّ مِنَ الْحَقِّ أَنْ تَفَقَّهُوا وَ مِنَ الْفِقْهِ أَنْ لَا تَغْتَرُّوا وَ إِنَّ أَنْصَحَكُمْ لِنَفْسِهِ أَطْوَعُكُمْ لِرَبِّهِ وَ أَغَشَّكُمْ لِنَفْسِهِ أَعْصَاكُمْ لِرَبِّهِ وَ مَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ يَأْمَنْ وَ يَسْتَبْشِرْ وَ مَنْ يَعْصِ اللَّهَ يَخِبْ وَ يَنْدَمْ .
Do not be suspicious, for you will be doubting, and do not doubt, for you would be disbelieving, and do not let go of yourselves for you would be lethargic (exhausted), and do not be lethargic with regards to the Truth, for you would be incurring loss. And it is from the Truth that you should be (acquiring) understanding, and it is from the understanding that you should not be deceived; and that the most advising to his own self is the one most obedient to his Lord-azwj, and the most overwhelmed to his own self is the one most disobedient to his Lord-azwj. And the one who obeys Allah-azwj would be secure and would receive glad tidings, and the one who disobeys Allah-azwj, would lose out and regret’.[115]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ إِذَا سَمِعْتُمُ الْعِلْمَ فَاسْتَعْمِلُوهُ وَ لْتَتَّسِعْ قُلُوبُكُمْ فَإِنَّ الْعِلْمَ إِذَا كَثُرَ فِي قَلْبِ رَجُلٍ لَا يَحْتَمِلُهُ قَدَرَ الشَّيْطَانُ عَلَيْهِ فَإِذَا خَاصَمَكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ فَأَقْبِلُوا عَلَيْهِ بِمَا تَعْرِفُونَ فَإِنَّ كَيْدَ الشَّيْطَانِ كَانَ ضَعِيفاً
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muihammad Bin Khalid, from his father, from the one who mentioned it, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Rahman Bin Abu Layli, from his father who said,
‘I heard Abu Ja’far-asws saying: ‘Whenever you hear the knowledge, so utilize it and let your hearts be accommodating, for the knowledge, when it is abundant in the heart of a man, would not tolerate the Satan-la to have power over him. So when the Satan-la disputes with you, so pile upon him-la with what you are recognising, for the plots of the Satan-la would always be weak’.
فَقُلْتُ وَ مَا الَّذِي نَعْرِفُهُ قَالَ خَاصِمُوهُ بِمَا ظَهَرَ لَكُمْ مِنْ قُدْرَةِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ .
So I said, ‘And what is that which we should be recognising?’ He-asws said: ‘Be at odds with him with whatever appears to you from the Power of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic’.[116]
بَابُ الْمُسْتَأْكِلِ بِعِلْمِهِ وَ الْمُبَاهِي بِهِ
Chapter 14 – The consumer with his knowledge and the boaster with it
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَمِيعاً عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) مَنْهُومَانِ لَا يَشْبَعَانِ طَالِبُ دُنْيَا وَ طَالِبُ عِلْمٍ فَمَنِ اقْتَصَرَ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا عَلَى مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَهُ سَلِمَ وَ مَنْ تَنَاوَلَهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ حِلِّهَا هَلَكَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَتُوبَ أَوْ يُرَاجِعَ وَ مَنْ أَخَذَ الْعِلْمَ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَ عَمِلَ بِعِلْمِهِ نَجَا وَ مَنْ أَرَادَ بِهِ الدُّنْيَا فَهِيَ حَظُّهُ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, and Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, altogether from Hammad Bin Isa, from Umar Bin Azina, from Aban Bin Abu Ayyash, from Sulem Bin Qays who said,
‘I heard Amir Al-Momineen-asws saying: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Two greedy ones are never satiated – a seeker of the world and a seeker of the knowledge. So the one who confines himself from the world upon what Allah-azwj has Permitted for him, would be safe, and the one who attains it from other than its Permissible means would be destroyed, unless if he were to repent or retract; and the one who takes the knowledge from its rightful people-asws, and acts with his-asws knowledge, would be saved; and the one who intends the world by it, so it would be his share’.[117]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَائِذٍ عَنْ أَبِي خَدِيجَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَنْ أَرَادَ الْحَدِيثَ لِمَنْفَعَةِ الدُّنْيَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ نَصِيبٌ وَ مَنْ أَرَادَ بِهِ خَيْرَ الْآخِرَةِ أَعْطَاهُ اللَّهُ خَيْرَ الدُّنْيَا وَ الْآخِرَةِ .
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad Bin Aamir, from Moalla Bin Muhammad, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Al Washha, from Ahmad Bin Aiz, from Abu Khadeeja,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The one who intends (acquiring) the Hadeeth for benefitting the world, there would not happen to be a share for him in the Hereafter, and the one who intends goodness of the Hereafter by it, Allah-azwj would Give him goodness of the world and the Hereafter (as well)’.[118]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيِّ عَنِ الْمِنْقَرِيِّ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَنْ أَرَادَ الْحَدِيثَ لِمَنْفَعَةِ الدُّنْيَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ نَصِيبٌ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Qasim Bin Muhammad Al Asbahany, from Al Minqary, from Hafs Bin Giyas,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The one who intends (acquiring) the Hadeeth for the benefit of the world, there would not happen to be for him a share in the Hereafter’.[119]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ عَنِ الْمِنْقَرِيِّ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ الْعَالِمَ مُحِبّاً لِدُنْيَاهُ فَاتَّهِمُوهُ عَلَى دِينِكُمْ فَإِنَّ كُلَّ مُحِبٍّ لِشَيْءٍ يَحُوطُ مَا أَحَبَّ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Qasim Bin Al Minqary, from Hafs Bin Giyas,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Whenever you see the scholar in love for his world, so denounce him upon your Religion, for every lover of a thing would be encompassed by what he loves’.
وَ قَالَ ( صلوات الله عليه ) أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى دَاوُدَ ( عليه السلام ) لَا تَجْعَلْ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَكَ عَالِماً مَفْتُوناً بِالدُّنْيَا فَيَصُدَّكَ عَنْ طَرِيقِ مَحَبَّتِي فَإِنَّ أُولَئِكَ قُطَّاعُ طَرِيقِ عِبَادِيَ الْمُرِيدِينَ إِنَّ أَدْنَى مَا أَنَا صَانِعٌ بِهِمْ أَنْ أَنْزِعَ حَلَاوَةَ مُنَاجَاتِي عَنْ قُلُوبِهِمْ .
And he-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Revealed unto Dawood-as: “Do not make a scholar to be between you-as and Me-azwj, the one who is tempted by the world, for he would block you-as from the path of My-azwj Love, for they are the bandits of the road to My-azwj servants, the devotees. The least of what I-azwj would Do with them is that I-azwj will Remove the sweetness of My-azwj Whisperings from their hearts’.[120]
عَلِيٌّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) الْفُقَهَاءُ أُمَنَاءُ الرُّسُلِ مَا لَمْ يَدْخُلُوا فِي الدُّنْيَا قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَ مَا دُخُولُهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا قَالَ اتِّبَاعُ السُّلْطَانِ فَإِذَا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ فَاحْذَرُوهُمْ عَلَى دِينِكُمْ .
Ali, from his father, from Al Nowfal, from Al Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The understanding ones (الْفُقَهَاءُ) are the trustees of the Rasools-as for as long as they do not enter into the (matters of the) world’. It was said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! And what is their entering into the world?’ He-as said: ‘Following the ruling authority. So when they do that, then be cautious of them upon your Religion’.[121]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ رِبْعِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَنْ طَلَبَ الْعِلْمَ لِيُبَاهِيَ بِهِ الْعُلَمَاءَ أَوْ يُمَارِيَ بِهِ السُّفَهَاءَ أَوْ يَصْرِفَ بِهِ وُجُوهَ النَّاسِ إِلَيْهِ فَلْيَتَبَوَّأْ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ إِنَّ الرِّئَاسَةَ لَا تَصْلُحُ إِلَّا لِأَهْلِهَا .
Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazzal Bin Shazan, from Hammad Bin Isa, from Rabie Bin Abdullah, from the one who narrated it,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘The one who seeks the knowledge in order to boast to the scholars by it, or to argue with the fools by it, or to turn the faces of the people towards him by it, so let him assume his seat from the Fire. The leadership is not correct except for its rightful ones-asws’.[122]
بَابُ لُزُومِ الْحُجَّةِ عَلَى الْعَالِمِ وَ تَشْدِيدِ الْأَمْرِ عَلَيْهِ
Chapter 15 – The necessity of the Proof-asws upon the world and the emphasis of the matter upon it
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْمِنْقَرِيِّ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ يَا حَفْصُ يُغْفَرُ لِلْجَاهِلِ سَبْعُونَ ذَنْباً قَبْلَ أَنْ يُغْفَرَ لِلْعَالِمِ ذَنْبٌ وَاحِدٌ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim Bin Hashim, from his father, from Al Qasim Bin Muhammad Bin Al Minqary, from Hafs Bin Giyas,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘O Hafs! He-azwj would Forgive seventy sins of the ignorant one before He-azwj Forgives one sin of the scholar’.[123]
وَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ عَلَى نَبِيِّنَا وَ آلِهِ وَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ وَيْلٌ لِلْعُلَمَاءِ السَّوْءِ كَيْفَ تَلَظَّى عَلَيْهِمُ النَّارُ .
And by this chain, said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Isa-as Bin Maryam-as, may peace be upon our Prophet-as, said: ‘Woe be unto the evil scholars, how the Fire would be engulfing them!’’.[124]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ إِذَا بَلَغَتِ النَّفْسُ هَاهُنَا وَ أَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ إِلَى حَلْقِهِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْعَالِمِ تَوْبَةٌ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ إِنَّمَا التَّوْبَةُ عَلَى اللَّهِ لِلَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ السُّوءَ بِجَهالَةٍ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, and Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazan, altogether from Ibn Abu Umer, from Jameel Bin Darraj who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘When the soul reaches over here’, and he-asws indicated by his-asws hand to his-asws throat, ‘there would be no (chance of) repentance for the scholar’. Then he-asws recited [4:17] But rather, the Repentance with Allah is only for those who do evil in ignorance’.[125]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمُكَارِي عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَكُبْكِبُوا فِيها هُمْ وَ الْغاوُونَ قَالَ هُمْ قَوْمٌ وَصَفُوا عَدْلًا بِأَلْسِنَتِهِمْ ثُمَّ خَالَفُوهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Al Nazar Bin Suweyd, from Yahya Al Halby, from Abu Saeed Al Mukary, from Abu Baseer,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic [26:94] So they shall be flung into it, they and the erring ones. He-asws said: ‘They are a group who described justice with their tongues, then they opposed it to something else’.[126]
بَابُ النَّوَادِرِ
Chapter 16 – The Miscellaneous
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ الْبَخْتَرِيِّ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ رَوِّحُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ بِبَدِيعِ الْحِكْمَةِ فَإِنَّهَا تَكِلُّ كَمَا تَكِلُّ الْأَبْدَانُ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hafs Bin Al Bakhtary who said,
‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws was saying: ‘Rest your souls with the splendid wisdom, for these get tired just as the bodies get tired’.[127]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ نُوحِ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيِّ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الدِّهْقَانِ عَنْ دُرُسْتَ بْنِ أَبِي مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ أَخِي شُعَيْبٍ الْعَقَرْقُوفِيِّ عَنْ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ يَا طَالِبَ الْعِلْمِ إِنَّ الْعِلْمَ ذُو فَضَائِلَ كَثِيرَةٍ فَرَأْسُهُ التَّوَاضُعُ وَ عَيْنُهُ الْبَرَاءَةُ مِنَ الْحَسَدِ وَ أُذُنُهُ الْفَهْمُ وَ لِسَانُهُ الصِّدْقُ وَ حِفْظُهُ الْفَحْصُ وَ قَلْبُهُ حُسْنُ النِّيَّةِ وَ عَقْلُهُ مَعْرِفَةُ الْأَشْيَاءِ وَ الْأُمُورِ وَ يَدُهُ الرَّحْمَةُ وَ رِجْلُهُ زِيَارَةُ الْعُلَمَاءِ وَ هِمَّتُهُ السَّلَامَةُ وَ حِكْمَتُهُ الْوَرَعُ وَ مُسْتَقَرُّهُ النَّجَاةُ وَ قَائِدُهُ الْعَافِيَةُ وَ مَرْكَبُهُ الْوَفَاءُ وَ سِلَاحُهُ لِينُ الْكَلِمَةِ وَ سَيْفُهُ الرِّضَا وَ قَوْسُهُ الْمُدَارَاةُ وَ جَيْشُهُ مُحَاوَرَةُ الْعُلَمَاءِ وَ مَالُهُ الْأَدَبُ وَ ذَخِيرَتُهُ اجْتِنَابُ الذُّنُوبِ وَ زَادُهُ الْمَعْرُوفُ وَ مَاؤُهُ الْمُوَادَعَةُ وَ دَلِيلُهُ الْهُدَى وَ رَفِيقُهُ مَحَبَّةُ الْأَخْيَارِ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Nuh Bin Shuayb Al Neshapoury, from Ubedullah in Abdullah Al Dihqan, from Dorost Bin Abu Mansour, from Urwat a cousin of Shuayb Al Aqarquqy, from Shuayb, from Abu Baseer who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws was saying: ‘O seeker of knowledge! The knowledge is with a lot of merits. Its head is the humbleness, and its eyes is the disavowment from the envy, and its ear is the understanding, and its tongue is the truthfulness, and its memorisation is the investigation, and its heart is the good intention, and its intellect is the recognition of the things and the matters, and its hand is the mercy, and its leg is the visiting the scholars, and its mettle is the safety, and its wisdom is the piety, and its stability is the salvation, and its guide is the good health, and its ride is the loyalty, and its weapon is the softness of the speech, and consent frames his sword, and its bow is the politeness, and its army is the dialogue with the scholars, and its wealth is the discipline, and its treasure deposit is keeping away from the sins, and its provision is the good deeds, and its water is the cordiality, and its indicator is the guidance, and its friend is the love for the chosen ones-asws’.[128]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) نِعْمَ وَزِيرُ الْإِيمَانِ الْعِلْمُ وَ نِعْمَ وَزِيرُ الْعِلْمِ الْحِلْمُ وَ نِعْمَ وَزِيرُ الْحِلْمِ الرِّفْقُ وَ نِعْمَ وَزِيرُ الرِّفْقِ الصَّبْرُ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr, from Hammad Bin Usman,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The best Vizier of the Eman is the knowledge, and the best Vizier of the knowledge is the forbearance, and the best Vizier of the forbearance is the kindness, and the best Vizier of the kindness is the patience’.[129]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ الْقَدَّاحِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ آبَائِهِ ( عليهم السلام ) قَالَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الْعِلْمُ قَالَ الْإِنْصَاتُ قَالَ ثُمَّ مَهْ قَالَ الِاسْتِمَاعُ قَالَ ثُمَّ مَهْ قَالَ الْحِفْظُ قَالَ ثُمَّ مَهْ قَالَ الْعَمَلُ بِهِ قَالَ ثُمَّ مَهْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ نَشْرُهُ .
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Al Ashary, from Abdullah Bin Maymoun Al Qaddah,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘A man came over to Rasool-Allah-saww and he said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! What is the knowledge?’ He-saww said: ‘The silence’. He said, ‘Then what?’ He-saww said: ‘The intent listening’. He said, ‘Then what?’ He-saww said: ‘The memorisation’. He said, ‘Then what?’ He-saww said: ‘The acting by it’. He said, ‘Then what, O Rasool-Allah-saww?’ He-saww said: ‘Propagating it (to the deserving ones)’’.[130]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ رَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ طَلَبَةُ الْعِلْمِ ثَلَاثَةٌ فَاعْرِفْهُمْ بِأَعْيَانِهِمْ وَ صِفَاتِهِمْ صِنْفٌ يَطْلُبُهُ لِلْجَهْلِ وَ الْمِرَاءِ وَ صِنْفٌ يَطْلُبُهُ لِلِاسْتِطَالَةِ وَ الْخَتْلِ وَ صِنْفٌ يَطْلُبُهُ لِلْفِقْهِ وَ الْعَقْلِ
Ali Bin Ibrahim,
(It has been narrated) raising it to Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The seekers of knowledge are three, so recognise them by their personalities and their description. There is a type who seeks it (to overcome) the ignorance and the disputes, and there is a type who seeks it for the domination and the deception, and there is a type who seeks it for the understanding and the intelligence.
فَصَاحِبُ الْجَهْلِ وَ الْمِرَاءِ مُوذٍ مُمَارٍ مُتَعَرِّضٌ لِلْمَقَالِ فِي أَنْدِيَةِ الرِّجَالِ بِتَذَاكُرِ الْعِلْمِ وَ صِفَةِ الْحِلْمِ قَدْ تَسَرْبَلَ بِالْخُشُوعِ وَ تَخَلَّى مِنَ الْوَرَعِ فَدَقَّ اللَّهُ مِنْ هَذَا خَيْشُومَهُ وَ قَطَعَ مِنْهُ حَيْزُومَهُ
So the one (seeking it for) the ignorance and the disputes is harmful, argumentative of the speech in the presence of the men by the discussion of the knowledge, and he would be described as forbearing by the one who has adorned with the humbleness, but he is devoid of the piety. May Allah-azwj Hammer his nose (Condemn him) and cut off his heart and chest (Humiliate him).
وَ صَاحِبُ الِاسْتِطَالَةِ وَ الْخَتْلِ ذُو خِبٍّ وَ مَلَقٍ يَسْتَطِيلُ عَلَى مِثْلِهِ مِنْ أَشْبَاهِهِ وَ يَتَوَاضَعُ لِلْأَغْنِيَاءِ مِنْ دُونِهِ فَهُوَ لِحَلْوَائِهِمْ هَاضِمٌ وَ لِدِينِهِ حَاطِمٌ فَأَعْمَى اللَّهُ عَلَى هَذَا خُبْرَهُ وَ قَطَعَ مِنْ آثَارِ الْعُلَمَاءِ أَثَرَهُ
And the one seeking is for the domination and the deception is with the swindle and enticement. He would dominate upon the likes of him who resemble him, and he would be revering to the rich ones from besides him. Thus, he would be digesting their sweets and breaking down his Religion. May Allah-azwj Blind upon this of his news and Cut off the traces of such scholars of his traces.
وَ صَاحِبُ الْفِقْهِ وَ الْعَقْلِ ذُو كَآبَةٍ وَ حَزَنٍ وَ سَهَرٍ قَدْ تَحَنَّكَ فِي بُرْنُسِهِ وَ قَامَ اللَّيْلَ فِي حِنْدِسِهِ يَعْمَلُ وَ يَخْشَى وَجِلًا دَاعِياً مُشْفِقاً مُقْبِلًا عَلَى شَأْنِهِ عَارِفاً بِأَهْلِ زَمَانِهِ مُسْتَوْحِشاً مِنْ أَوْثَقِ إِخْوَانِهِ فَشَدَّ اللَّهُ مِنْ هَذَا أَرْكَانَهُ وَ أَعْطَاهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَمَانَهُ .
And the one (seeking it for) the understanding and ‘الْعَقْلِ’ the intelligence is with the heartaches, and the grief, and the vigils, and would have covered his head in his robe, and stands (to pray) the night (Salat) in his dark nights. He works hard, and he is fearful, apprehensive, supplicating, being compassionate, attentive upon his affairs, recognising the people of his time, scared of even the ones trustworthy of his brethren. So may Allah-azwj Intensify His-azwj Pillars from this one, and Give him security on the Day of Judgment’.
وَ حَدَّثَنِي بِهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَحْمُودٍ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْقَزْوِينِيُّ عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا مِنْهُمْ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّيْقَلِ بِقَزْوِينَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عِيسَى الْعَلَوِيِّ عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ صُهَيْبٍ الْبَصْرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) .
And it was narrated to me by Muhammad Bin Mahmoun Abu Abdullah Al Qazwiny, from a number of our companions, among them being Ja’far Bin Muhammad Al Sayqal, at Qazweek, from Ahmad Bin Isa, Al Alawy, from Abbad Bin Suheyb Al Basry, from Abu Abdullah-asws.[131]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ إِنَّ رُوَاةَ الْكِتَابِ كَثِيرٌ وَ إِنَّ رُعَاتَهُ قَلِيلٌ وَ كَمْ مِنْ مُسْتَنْصِحٍ لِلْحَدِيثِ مُسْتَغِشٍّ لِلْكِتَابِ فَالْعُلَمَاءُ يَحْزُنُهُمْ تَرْكُ الرِّعَايَةِ وَ الْجُهَّالُ يَحْزُنُهُمْ حِفْظُ الرِّوَايَةِ فَرَاعٍ يَرْعَى حَيَاتَهُ وَ رَاعٍ يَرْعَى هَلَكَتَهُ فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ اخْتَلَفَ الرَّاعِيَانِ وَ تَغَايَرَ الْفَرِيقَانِ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Takha Bin Zayd who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘The reporters of the Book are many but its due carers are few, and how many of the collectors of the Hadeeth, but are failures by the Book. The scholars are such that the neglect of the due care grieves them, and the ignorant are such that the preservation of the reports (Hadeeth) grieves them. So a shepherd is considering (preserving) its life, and a shepherd is considering (ensuring) its destruction. Thus, during that, the two shepherds are differing and the two sects are contradicting (each other)’.[132]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جُمْهُورٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَنْ حَفِظَ مِنْ أَحَادِيثِنَا أَرْبَعِينَ حَدِيثاً بَعَثَهُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عَالِماً فَقِيهاً .
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad Al Ashary, from Moalla Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Jamhour, from Abdul Rahma Bin Abu Najran, from the one who mentioned it,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The one who preserves from our-asws Ahadeeth, forty Ahadeeth, Allah-azwj would Resurrect him on the Day of Judgment as a scholar, an understanding one (فَقِيهاً)’.[133]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ زَيْدٍ الشَّحَّامِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَلْيَنْظُرِ الْإِنْسانُ إِلى طَعامِهِ قَالَ قُلْتُ مَا طَعَامُهُ قَالَ عِلْمُهُ الَّذِي يَأْخُذُهُ عَمَّنْ يَأْخُذُهُ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from his father, from the one who mentioned it, from Zayd Al Shahaam,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic [80:24] Then let the human being look at his food. I said, ‘What is his food?’ He-asws said: ‘His knowledge which he is taking, from who he is taking it’.[134]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ فَرْقَدٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ الْوُقُوفُ عِنْدَ الشُّبْهَةِ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الِاقْتِحَامِ فِي الْهَلَكَةِ وَ تَرْكُكَ حَدِيثاً لَمْ تُرْوَهُ خَيْرٌ مِنْ رِوَايَتِكَ حَدِيثاً لَمْ تُحْصِهِ.
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ali Bin Al Nu’man, from Abdullah Bin Muskan, from Dawood Bin Farqad, from Abu Saeed Al Zuhry,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘The pausing at the doubtful (vagueness) is better than storming into the destruction; and refraining from reporting a Hadeeth which you have not verified, is better than your reporting a Hadeeth’.[135]
مُحَمَّدٌ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ الطَّيَّارِ أَنَّهُ عَرَضَ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) بَعْضَ خُطَبِ أَبِيهِ حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغَ مَوْضِعاً مِنْهَا قَالَ لَهُ كُفَّ وَ اسْكُتْ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) لَا يَسَعُكُمْ فِيمَا يَنْزِلُ بِكُمْ مِمَّا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ إِلَّا الْكَفُّ عَنْهُ وَ التَّثَبُّتُ وَ الرَّدُّ إِلَى أَئِمَّةِ الْهُدَى حَتَّى يَحْمِلُوكُمْ فِيهِ عَلَى الْقَصْدِ وَ يَجْلُوا عَنْكُمْ فِيهِ الْعَمَى وَ يُعَرِّفُوكُمْ فِيهِ الْحَقَّ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فَسْئَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ لا تَعْلَمُونَ .
Muhammad, from Ahmad, from Ibn Fazzal, from Ibn Bukeyr, from Hamza Bin Al Tayyar that,
‘He presented to Abu Abdullah-asws some of the sermons of his father, until when he reached a subject from it, he-asws said to him: ‘Stop, and be silent’. Then Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘There is no leeway for you regarding what comes to you from what you do not know except to pause at that, and affirming, and referring it back to the Imams-asws of the Guidance, until they-asws deliver to you the purpose (of it), and they-asws isolate from you the blindness in (that where you are going), and they-asws make you recognise the truth in it. Allah-azwj the Exalted Said [16:43] so ask the People of the (Zikr) (Reminder) if you do not know’.[136]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْمِنْقَرِيِّ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ وَجَدْتُ عِلْمَ النَّاسِ كُلَّهُ فِي أَرْبَعٍ أَوَّلُهَا أَنْ تَعْرِفَ رَبَّكَ وَ الثَّانِي أَنْ تَعْرِفَ مَا صَنَعَ بِكَ وَ الثَّالِثُ أَنْ تَعْرِفَ مَا أَرَادَ مِنْكَ وَ الرَّابِعُ أَنْ تَعْرِفَ مَا يُخْرِجُكَ مِنْ دِينِكَ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Qasim Bin Muhammad, from Al Minqary, from Sufyan Bin Uyayna who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘I-asws found the knowledge of the people, all of it to be in four – the first of it is that you recognise your Lord-azwj, and the second is that you recognise what He-azwj has Done with (for) you, and the third is that you recognise what He-azwj Intends from you, and the fourth is that you recognise what would (make you to) exit from your Religion’.[137]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) مَا حَقُّ اللَّهِ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ فَقَالَ أَنْ يَقُولُوا مَا يَعْلَمُونَ وَ يَكُفُّوا عَمَّا لَا يَعْلَمُونَ فَإِذَا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَدَّوْا إِلَى اللَّهِ حَقَّهُ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Salim who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘What is a right of Allah-azwj upon His-azwj creatures?’ So he-asws said: ‘That they should be saying what they know, and they should be pausing from what they do not know. So when they do that, so they would have paid to Allah-azwj, His-azwj Right’.[138]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ الْعِجْلِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَنْظَلَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ اعْرِفُوا مَنَازِلَ النَّاسِ عَلَى قَدْرِ رِوَايَتِهِمْ عَنَّا .
Muhammad Bin Al Hassan, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ibn Sinan, from Muhammad Bin Marwan Al Ijaly, from Ali Bin Hanzala who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘Recognise the statuses of the people upon a measurement of their reporting from us-asws (Our-asws Ahadeeth)’.[139]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا الْغَلَابِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَائِشَةَ الْبَصْرِيِّ رَفَعَهُ أَنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ فِي بَعْضِ خُطَبِهِ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اعْلَمُوا أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِعَاقِلٍ مَنِ انْزَعَجَ مِنْ قَوْلِ الزُّورِ فِيهِ وَ لَا بِحَكِيمٍ مَنْ رَضِيَ بِثَنَاءِ الْجَاهِلِ عَلَيْهِ النَّاسُ أَبْنَاءُ مَا يُحْسِنُونَ وَ قَدْرُ كُلِّ امْرِئٍ مَا يُحْسِنُ فَتَكَلَّمُوا فِي الْعِلْمِ تَبَيَّنْ أَقْدَارُكُمْ .
Al Husayn Bin Al Hassan, from Muhammad Bin Zakariyya Al Ghalaby, from Ibn Ayesha Al Basry,
(It has been narrated) raising it that Amir Al-Momineen-asws said in one of his-asws sermons: ‘O you people! Know that he is not with intelligence, the one who does not get agitated by the false words (put to him), nor is he with wisdom, the one who is pleased with the eulogies of the ignorant ones upon him. The people are the sons of what they are good at, and a worth of every person is what he is good at. Therefore, speak regarding the knowledge, your worth would be manifested’.[140]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ وَ عِنْدَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَصْرَةِ يُقَالُ لَهُ عُثْمَانُ الْأَعْمَى وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ إِنَّ الْحَسَنَ الْبَصْرِيَّ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ الَّذِينَ يَكْتُمُونَ الْعِلْمَ يُؤْذِي رِيحُ بُطُونِهِمْ أَهْلَ النَّارِ فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) فَهَلَكَ إِذَنْ مُؤْمِنُ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ مَا زَالَ الْعِلْمُ مَكْتُوماً مُنْذُ بَعَثَ اللَّهُ نُوحاً ( عليه السلام ) فَلْيَذْهَبِ الْحَسَنُ يَمِيناً وَ شِمَالًا فَوَ اللَّهِ مَا يُوجَدُ الْعِلْمُ إِلَّا هَاهُنَا .
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moalla Bin Muhammad, from Al Washha, from Aban Bin Usman, from Abdullah Bin Suleyman who said,
‘I heard Abu Ja’far-asws saying, and in his-asws presence was a man from the people of Al-Basra called Usman the blind one, and he was saying, ‘Al-Hassan Al-Basry is alleging that those who are concealing the knowledge would be harming the inhabitants of the Fire by a wind of their bellies’. So Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘So, destroyed then, is the Believer of the people of the Pharaoh-la. The knowledge has not ceased to be concealed since Allah-azwj Sent Noah-as. Therefore, let Al-Hassan (Al-Basry) go right and left, for by Allah-azwj, he would not find the knowledge except over here’.[141]
بَابُ رِوَايَةِ الْكُتُبِ وَ الْحَدِيثِ وَ فَضْلِ الْكِتَابَةِ وَ التَّمَسُّكِ بِالْكُتُبِ
Chapter 17 – Reporting the books, and the Hadeeth, and the merits of the writing, and the attachment with the writings
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ يُونُسَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَوْلَ اللَّهِ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَمِعُونَ الْقَوْلَ فَيَتَّبِعُونَ أَحْسَنَهُ قَالَ هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَسْمَعُ الْحَدِيثَ فَيُحَدِّثُ بِهِ كَمَا سَمِعَهُ لَا يَزِيدُ فِيهِ وَ لَا يَنْقُصُ مِنْهُ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Mansour Bin Yunus, from Abu Baseer who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘The Words of Allah-azwj, Majestic is His-azwj Laudation [39:18] Those who listen intently to the Words, then follow the best of it. He-asws said: ‘He is the man who hears the Hadeeth, so he narrates with it just as he had heard it, neither increasing in it nor reducing from it’.[142]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَسْمَعُ الْحَدِيثَ مِنْكَ فَأَزِيدُ وَ أَنْقُصُ قَالَ إِنْ كُنْتَ تُرِيدُ مَعَانِيَهُ فَلَا بَأْسَ .
Muhammad Bin yahya, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Ibr Azina, from Muhammad Bin Muslim who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘I hear the Hadeeth from you-asws, so I (sometimes) increase and reduce.’ He-asws said: ‘If you had preserved its meaning, so there is no problem’.[143]
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ فَرْقَدٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنِّي أَسْمَعُ الْكَلَامَ مِنْكَ فَأُرِيدُ أَنْ أَرْوِيَهُ كَمَا سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْكَ فَلَا يَجِيءُ قَالَ فَتَعَمَّدُ ذَلِكَ قُلْتُ لَا فَقَالَ تُرِيدُ الْمَعَانِيَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَلَا بَأْسَ .
And from him, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Ibn Sinan, from Dawood Bin Farqad who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘I hear the speech from you-asws, so I intend to report it just as I heard it from you-asws, but it does not come’ (exactly as I had heard). He-asws said: ‘So you are deliberate in that?’ I said, ‘No’. So he-asws said: ‘You intend (to preserve) its meaning?’ I said, ‘Yes’. He-asws said: ‘There is no problem’.[144]
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) الْحَدِيثُ أَسْمَعُهُ مِنْكَ أَرْوِيهِ عَنْ أَبِيكَ أَوْ أَسْمَعُهُ مِنْ أَبِيكَ أَرْوِيهِ عَنْكَ قَالَ سَوَاءٌ إِلَّا أَنَّكَ تَرْوِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ
And from him, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Al Qasim Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from Abu Baseer who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘The Hadeeth I hear from you-asws, can I report it as being from your-asws father-asws, or I hear it from your-asws father-asws, can I report it as being from you-asws?’ He-asws said: ‘It is the same, except that you’re reporting it as being from my-asws father-asws is more beloved to me-asws’.
وَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) لِجَمِيلٍ مَا سَمِعْتَ مِنِّي فَارْوِهِ عَنْ أَبِي .
And Abu Abdullah-asws said to Jameel (a narrator), ‘Whatever you hear it from me-asws, so report it as being from my-asws father-asws’.[145]
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَجِيئُنِي الْقَوْمُ فَيَسْتَمِعُونَ مِنِّي حَدِيثَكُمْ فَأَضْجَرُ وَ لَا أَقْوَى قَالَ فَاقْرَأْ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَوَّلِهِ حَدِيثاً وَ مِنْ وَسَطِهِ حَدِيثاً وَ مِنْ آخِرِهِ حَدِيثاً .
And from him, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad and Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Ibn Mahboub, from Abdullah Bin Sinan who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘The group of people come to me, so they want to hear your-asws Ahadeeth from me, so I get tired and am not strong’. He-asws said: ‘So read a Hadeeth upon them from its beginning, and a Hadeeth from its middle, and a Hadeeth from its end’.[146]
عَنْهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُمَرَ الْحَلَّالِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) الرَّجُلُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا يُعْطِينِي الْكِتَابَ وَ لَا يَقُولُ ارْوِهِ عَنِّي يَجُوزُ لِي أَنْ أَرْوِيَهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ إِذَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ الْكِتَابَ لَهُ فَارْوِهِ عَنْهُ .
From him, by his chain, from Ahmad Bin Umar Al Hallal who said,
‘I said to Abu Al-Hassan Al-Reza-asws, ‘The man from our companions gave me the book and did not say to me, ‘Report it from me’. Is it allowed for me that I report it from him?’ So he-asws said: ‘When you know that the book is his, so report if from him’.[147]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) إِذَا حَدَّثْتُمْ بِحَدِيثٍ فَأَسْنِدُوهُ إِلَى الَّذِي حَدَّثَكُمْ فَإِنْ كَانَ حَقّاً فَلَكُمْ وَ إِنْ كَانَ كَذِباً فَعَلَيْهِ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, and from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘Whenever you narrate a Hadeeth, so link it to the one who narrated it to you. So if it was true, it would be for you, and if it was a lie, so it would be upon him’.[148]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْمَدَنِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حُسَيْنٍ الْأَحْمَسِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ الْقَلْبُ يَتَّكِلُ عَلَى الْكِتَابَةِ .
Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Abu Ayoub Al Madany, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Husayn Al Ahmasy,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The heart relies upon the written (words)’.[149]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ اكْتُبُوا فَإِنَّكُمْ لَا تَحْفَظُونَ حَتَّى تَكْتُبُوا .
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moalla Bin Muhammad, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Al Washha, from Aasim Bin Humeyd, from Abu Baseer who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘ You must write down (our Ahadith), for you would not be preserving (Ahadith) until you are writing it down’.[150]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) احْتَفِظُوا بِكُتُبِكُمْ فَإِنَّكُمْ سَوْفَ تَحْتَاجُونَ إِلَيْهَا .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Bin Fazzal, from Ibn Bukeyr, from Ubeyd Bin Zurara who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Be preserving with your books, for very soon you would need those’.[151]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخَيْبَرِيِّ عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) اكْتُبْ وَ بُثَّ عِلْمَكَ فِي إِخْوَانِكَ فَإِنْ مِتَّ فَأَوْرِثْ كُتُبَكَ بَنِيكَ فَإِنَّهُ يَأْتِي عَلَى النَّاسِ زَمَانُ هَرْجٍ لَا يَأْنَسُونَ فِيهِ إِلَّا بِكُتُبِهِمْ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid Al Barqy, from one of his companions, from Abu Saeed Al Khaybari, from Al Mufazzal Bin Umar who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said to me: ‘Write and transmit your knowledge among your brethren. So if you were to die, so leave your books as an inheritance, for there would be coming a time of commotion upon the people, they would not be finding comfort (during) in it but except with your books’.[152]
وَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِيَّاكُمْ وَ الْكَذِبَ الْمُفْتَرِعَ قِيلَ لَهُ وَ مَا الْكَذِبُ الْمُفْتَرِعُ قَالَ أَنْ يُحَدِّثَكَ الرَّجُلُ بِالْحَدِيثِ فَتَتْرُكَهُ وَ تَرْوِيَهُ عَنِ الَّذِي حَدَّثَكَ عَنْهُ .
And by this chain, from Muhammad Bin Ali, raising it, said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Beware of the branched out lie!’ It was said to him-asws, ‘And what is the branched out lie?’ He-asws said: ‘A man narrates to you a Hadeeth, so you neglect him and report it from the person from whom he had narrated the Hadeeth.[153]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَعْرِبُوا حَدِيثَنَا فَإِنَّا قَوْمٌ فُصَحَاءُ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr, from Jameel Bin Darraj who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Express our-asws Ahadeeth in a clear manner; for we-asws are an eloquent people’.[154]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ وَ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ وَ غَيْرِهِ قَالُوا سَمِعْنَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ حَدِيثِي حَدِيثُ أَبِي وَ حَدِيثُ أَبِي حَدِيثُ جَدِّي وَ حَدِيثُ جَدِّي حَدِيثُ الْحُسَيْنِ وَ حَدِيثُ الْحُسَيْنِ حَدِيثُ الْحَسَنِ وَ حَدِيثُ الْحَسَنِ حَدِيثُ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) وَ حَدِيثُ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ حَدِيثُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) وَ حَدِيثُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ .
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Umar Bin Abdul Aziz, from Hisham Bin Salim and Hammad Bin Usman and someone else who said,
‘We heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘My-asws Hadeeth is a Hadeeth of my-asws father-asws, and a Hadeeth of my-asws father-asws is a Hadeeth of my-asws grandfather-asws, and a Hadeeth of my-asws grandfather-asws is a Hadeeth of Al-Husayn-asws, and a Hadeeth of Al-Husayn-asws is a Hadeeth of Al-Hassan-asws, and a Hadeeth of Al-Hassan-asws is a Hadeeth of Amir Al-Momineen-asws, and a Hadeeth of Amir Al-Momineen-asws is a Hadeeth of Rasool-Allah-saww, and a Hadeeth of Rasool-Allah-saww are the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic’.[155]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ شَيْنُولَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِي ( عليه السلام ) جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ مَشَايِخَنَا رَوَوْا عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) وَ كَانَتِ التَّقِيَّةُ شَدِيدَةً فَكَتَمُوا كُتُبَهُمْ وَ لَمْ تُرْوَ عَنْهُمْ فَلَمَّا مَاتُوا صَارَتِ الْكُتُبُ إِلَيْنَا فَقَالَ حَدِّثُوا بِهَا فَإِنَّهَا حَقٌّ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Abu Khalid Shaynoula who said,
‘I said to Abu Ja’far-asws the 2nd, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! Our elders were reporting from Abu Ja’far-asws and Abu Abdullah-asws, and there was intense dissimulation. So they concealed their books and did not report from them. So when they died, the books came to be with us’. So he-asws said: ‘Narrate with these, for these are true’.[156]
بَابُ التَّقْلِيدِ
Chapter 18 – The Taqleed (Emulation)
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ اتَّخَذُوا أَحْبارَهُمْ وَ رُهْبانَهُمْ أَرْباباً مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ أَمَا وَ اللَّهِ مَا دَعَوْهُمْ إِلَى عِبَادَةِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَ لَوْ دَعَوْهُمْ مَا أَجَابُوهُمْ وَ لَكِنْ أَحَلُّوا لَهُمْ حَرَاماً وَ حَرَّمُوا عَلَيْهِمْ حَلَالًا فَعَبَدُوهُمْ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Abdullah Bin Yahya, from Ibn Muskan, from Abu Baseer,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘(What about the Verse) [9:31] They are taking their Rabbis and their Monks for lords besides Allah?’ So he-asws said: ‘But, by Allah-azwj! They (their priests) did not call to them their own worship. And had they called them, they would not have responded. But, they (priests) permitted for them what was Prohibited, and they prohibited what was Permissible. Thus, they worshipped them (indirectly) from where (an aspect) they were not aware’.[157]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْهَمَذَانِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَنْتُمْ أَشَدُّ تَقْلِيداً أَمِ الْمُرْجِئَةُ قَالَ قُلْتُ قَلَّدْنَا وَ قَلَّدُوا فَقَالَ لَمْ أَسْأَلْكَ عَنْ هَذَا فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدِي جَوَابٌ أَكْثَرُ مِنَ الْجَوَابِ الْأَوَّلِ فَقَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنَّ الْمُرْجِئَةَ نَصَبَتْ رَجُلًا لَمْ تَفْرِضْ طَاعَتَهُ وَ قَلَّدُوهُ وَ أَنْتُمْ نَصَبْتُمْ رَجُلًا وَ فَرَضْتُمْ طَاعَتَهُ ثُمَّ لَمْ تُقَلِّدُوهُ فَهُمْ أَشَدُّ مِنْكُمْ تَقْلِيداً .
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ibrahim Bin Muhammad Al Hamdany, from Muhammad Bin Ubeyda who said,
‘Abu Al-Hassan-asws said to me: ‘O Muhammad! Are you more intense of Taqleed or the Murjiites?’ I said, ‘We are in Taqleed and they are in Taqleed’. So he-asws said: ‘I-asws did not ask you about this’. So there was no answer with me, any more than the first answer. So Abu Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘The Murjiites established a man whose obedience was not Obligated, and they did his Taqleed, and you established a man-asws, and obedience to him-asws is Obligatory, then you are not doing his-asws Taqleed. Thus, they are more intense than you of Taqleed’.[158]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ رِبْعِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ اتَّخَذُوا أَحْبارَهُمْ وَ رُهْبانَهُمْ أَرْباباً مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ وَ اللَّهِ مَا صَامُوا لَهُمْ وَ لَا صَلَّوْا لَهُمْ وَ لَكِنْ أَحَلُّوا لَهُمْ حَرَاماً وَ حَرَّمُوا عَلَيْهِمْ حَلَالًا فَاتَّبَعُوهُمْ .
Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazaan, from Hammad Bin Isa, from Rabie Bin Abdullah, from Abu Baseer,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Majestic and Mighty [9:31] They are taking their Rabbis and their Monks for lords besides Allah. So he-asws said: ‘By Allah-azwj! They (people) neither Fasted for them (priests) nor prayed to them. But they (priests) permitted for them the Prohibitions, and they prohibited to them the Permissible. Thus they (people) worshipped them (priests)’.[159]
بَابُ الْبِدَعِ وَ الرَّأْيِ وَ الْمَقَايِيسِ
Chapter 19 – The innovation, and the opinion, and the analogies
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْوَشَّاءِ وَ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ جَمِيعاً عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ خَطَبَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) النَّاسَ فَقَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّمَا بَدْءُ وُقُوعِ الْفِتَنِ أَهْوَاءٌ تُتَّبَعُ وَ أَحْكَامٌ تُبْتَدَعُ يُخَالَفُ فِيهَا كِتَابُ اللَّهِ يَتَوَلَّى فِيهَا رِجَالٌ رِجَالًا
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad Al Ashary, from Moalla Bin Muhammad, from Al Hassan Bin Al Al Washa and a number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazzal, altogether from Aasim Bin Humeyd, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws addressed the people, so he-asws said; ‘O you people! The start of the occurrence of the sedition is the following of personal desires and the innovation of regulations wherein the Book of Allah-azwj is opposed. A man takes command of a man in it.
فَلَوْ أَنَّ الْبَاطِلَ خَلَصَ لَمْ يَخْفَ عَلَى ذِي حِجًى وَ لَوْ أَنَّ الْحَقَّ خَلَصَ لَمْ يَكُنِ اخْتِلَافٌ وَ لَكِنْ يُؤْخَذُ مِنْ هَذَا ضِغْثٌ وَ مِنْ هَذَا ضِغْثٌ فَيُمْزَجَانِ فَيَجِيئَانِ مَعاً فَهُنَالِكَ اسْتَحْوَذَ الشَّيْطَانُ عَلَى أَوْلِيَائِهِ وَ نَجَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقَتْ لَهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ الْحُسْنَى .
So if the falsehood was pure, it would not be hidden from the one with intelligence, and if the truth was pure, differings would not occur. But, a bunch is taken from this, and a bunch from this, so they are both mixed up. Thus, they are coming with both of these together. So from over here, the Satan-la takes over his-la friends! And only those who have previously received Protection Allah-azwj remain safe. [160]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جُمْهُورٍ الْعَمِّيِّ يَرْفَعُهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) إِذَا ظَهَرَتِ الْبِدَعُ فِي أُمَّتِي فَلْيُظْهِرِ الْعَالِمُ عِلْمَهُ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ فَعَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ .
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moalla Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Jamhour Al Ammiya who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘When the innovations (heresy) appear in my-saww community, the scholar should manifest his knowledge. So the one who does not do so, upon him be the Curse of Allah-azwj’.[161]
وَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جُمْهُورٍ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ مَنْ أَتَى ذَا بِدْعَةٍ فَعَظَّمَهُ فَإِنَّمَا يَسْعَى فِي هَدْمِ الْإِسْلَامِ .
And by this chain, from Muhammad Bin Jamhour, raising it,
‘He-asws said: ‘If one comes across an innovation, so appreciates him (sides with him), so rather he has assisted in the demolition of Al-Islam’.[162]
وَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جُمْهُورٍ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) أَبَى اللَّهُ لِصَاحِبِ الْبِدْعَةِ بِالتَّوْبَةِ قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَ كَيْفَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ إِنَّهُ قَدْ أُشْرِبَ قَلْبُهُ حُبَّهَا .
And by this chain, from Muhammad Bin Jamhour, raising it,
‘He-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj Rejects the repentance of the innovator (who introduces Bidha/heresy in religion)’. It was said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! And how come that is so?’ He-saww said: ‘It is because his heart filled with the love of his (Bidha)’’.[163]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ وَهْبٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) إِنَّ عِنْدَ كُلِّ بِدْعَةٍ تَكُونُ مِنْ بَعْدِي يُكَادُ بِهَا الْإِيمَانُ وَلِيّاً مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي مُوَكَّلًا بِهِ يَذُبُّ عَنْهُ يَنْطِقُ بِإِلْهَامٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَ يُعْلِنُ الْحَقَّ وَ يُنَوِّرُهُ وَ يَرُدُّ كَيْدَ الْكَائِدِينَ يُعَبِّرُ عَنِ الضُّعَفَاءِ فَاعْتَبِرُوا يَا أُولِي الْأَبْصَارِ وَ تَوَكَّلُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Hassan Bin Maboub, from Muawiya Bin Wahab who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘After mesaw innovations will be fabricated in order to destroy the Eman, however, a Guardian-asws from the People-asws of my-saww Household would come forward to remove it (the innovations). He-asws would speak with the inspiration from Allah-azwj, and he-asws would declare the Truth and radiate it, and he-asws would repeal the plots of the plotters, speaking on behalf of the weak ones. Therefore take a lesson, O people of insight, and rely upon Allah-azwj!’.[164]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ رَفَعَهُ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) أَنَّهُ قَالَ إِنَّ مِنْ أَبْغَضِ الْخَلْقِ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَرَجُلَيْنِ رَجُلٌ وَكَلَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ فَهُوَ جَائِرٌ عَنْ قَصْدِ السَّبِيلِ مَشْعُوفٌ بِكَلَامِ بِدْعَةٍ قَدْ لَهِجَ بِالصَّوْمِ وَ الصَّلَاةِ فَهُوَ فِتْنَةٌ لِمَنِ افْتَتَنَ بِهِ ضَالٌّ عَنْ هَدْيِ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَهُ مُضِلٌّ لِمَنِ اقْتَدَى بِهِ فِي حَيَاتِهِ وَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ حَمَّالٌ خَطَايَا غَيْرِهِ رَهْنٌ بِخَطِيئَتِهِ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from one of his companions, and Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Haroun Bin Muslim, from Mas’ada Bin Sadaqa,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws and Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Mahboub, raising it from Amir Al-Momineen-asws having said: ‘The most Hateful of the creatures to Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic are two (types of) men – A man whom Allah-azwj Leaves him to himself. So he is biased from the purpose of the Way, pre-occupying himself with the innovative speech. He would be fondly attached with the Fasting and the praying of Salat, but he would be a sedition for the ones who are tempted by him. He is straying from the guidance of the ones who were before him, causing to stray the ones who follow him during his lifetime and after his death, bearing the errors of others, encumbered with his own errors’.
وَ رَجُلٌ قَمَشَ جَهْلًا فِي جُهَّالِ النَّاسِ عَانٍ بِأَغْبَاشِ الْفِتْنَةِ قَدْ سَمَّاهُ أَشْبَاهُ النَّاسِ عَالِماً وَ لَمْ يَغْنَ فِيهِ يَوْماً سَالِماً بَكَّرَ فَاسْتَكْثَرَ مَا قَلَّ مِنْهُ خَيْرٌ مِمَّا كَثُرَ حَتَّى إِذَا ارْتَوَى مِنْ آجِنٍ وَ اكْتَنَزَ مِنْ غَيْرِ طَائِلٍ جَلَسَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ قَاضِياً ضَامِناً لِتَخْلِيصِ مَا الْتَبَسَ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ إِنْ خَالَفَ قَاضِياً سَبَقَهُ لَمْ يَأْمَنْ وَ أَنْ يَنْقُضَ حُكْمَهُ مَنْ يَأْتِي بَعْدَهُ كَفِعْلِهِ بِمَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَهُ
And a man who displays ignorance among the ignorant people assisted by the darkness of the existing ‘Fitna’ strife. Those who resemble the people call him a ‘scholar’, but he has not enriched in it (the knowledge) even for one complete day. So he has accumulated early, a lot of what a little from it would be better than a lot, to the extent that when he is saturated from the putrid and accumulated (useless knowledge) without a benefit, he sits between the people as a judge, guaranteeing to rid the confusion of others. And if he opposes a judge preceding him, there is no security that his own judgment would not be broken by the one who would come after him, just like his own deed with the one who was before him.
وَ إِنْ نَزَلَتْ بِهِ إِحْدَى الْمُبْهَمَاتِ الْمُعْضِلَاتِ هَيَّأَ لَهَا حَشْواً مِنْ رَأْيِهِ ثُمَّ قَطَعَ بِهِ فَهُوَ مِنْ لَبْسِ الشُّبُهَاتِ فِي مِثْلِ غَزْلِ الْعَنْكَبُوتِ لَا يَدْرِي أَصَابَ أَمْ أَخْطَأَ لَا يَحْسَبُ الْعِلْمَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِمَّا أَنْكَرَ وَ لَا يَرَى أَنَّ وَرَاءَ مَا بَلَغَ فِيهِ مَذْهَباً إِنْ قَاسَ شَيْئاً بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ يُكَذِّبْ نَظَرَهُ
And if there descends with him one of the ambiguities and the dilemmas, he would generate a statement for it from his own opinion, then disassociate with it. Thus, he is one who wears the confusion like the web of a spider, not knowing whether he has got it right or erred. He does not reckon that there is knowledge in something from what he has denied, nor does he consider that behind what has reached him is a Religion, nor if he were to compare something with something that his view could be a lie.
وَ إِنْ أَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْرٌ اكْتَتَمَ بِهِ لِمَا يَعْلَمُ مِنْ جَهْلِ نَفْسِهِ لِكَيْلَا يُقَالَ لَهُ لَا يَعْلَمُ ثُمَّ جَسَرَ فَقَضَى فَهُوَ مِفْتَاحُ عَشَوَاتٍ رَكَّابُ شُبُهَاتٍ خَبَّاطُ جَهَالَاتٍ لَا يَعْتَذِرُ مِمَّا لَا يَعْلَمُ فَيَسْلَمَ وَ لَا يَعَضُّ فِي الْعِلْمِ بِضِرْسٍ قَاطِعٍ فَيَغْنَمَ يَذْرِي الرِّوَايَاتِ ذَرْوَ الرِّيحِ الْهَشِيمَ تَبْكِي مِنْهُ الْمَوَارِيثُ وَ تَصْرُخُ مِنْهُ الدِّمَاءُ
And if a matters is opaque (unclear) upon him, he would conceal it due to what he knows from his own ignorance of it, so that perhaps it would be said, ‘He does not know’. Then he becomes audacious and he passes a judgment. Thus it (becomes) a key of inability to see, riding the confusion in blind ignorance, not excusing himself from what he does not know. He does not bite into the knowledge with cutting teeth, so he splatters out the reports (Ahadeeth) like the wind scattering the wildfires. The inheritances (of the people) weep due to it, and blood (murder cases etc.) scream out due to it.
يُسْتَحَلُّ بِقَضَائِهِ الْفَرْجُ الْحَرَامُ وَ يُحَرَّمُ بِقَضَائِهِ الْفَرْجُ الْحَلَالُ لَا مَلِيءٌ بِإِصْدَارِ مَا عَلَيْهِ وَرَدَ وَ لَا هُوَ أَهْلٌ لِمَا مِنْهُ فَرَطَ مِنِ ادِّعَائِهِ عِلْمَ الْحَقِّ .
He makes the Prohibited sexual relations to be permissible by his judgment, and he prohibits the Permissible sexual relations by his judgment. Neither can he be relied upon for the implementations that arrive from him, nor is he rightful of what is overdone from him, from his claims of the truthful knowledge’.[165]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ إِنَّ أَصْحَابَ الْمَقَايِيسِ طَلَبُوا الْعِلْمَ بِالْمَقَايِيسِ فَلَمْ تَزِدْهُمُ الْمَقَايِيسُ مِنَ الْحَقِّ إِلَّا بُعْداً وَ إِنَّ دِينَ اللَّهِ لَا يُصَابُ بِالْمَقَايِيسِ .
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moalla Bin Muhammad, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Al Washha, from Aban Bin Usman, from Abu Shayba Al Khurasany who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘The companions of analogies are seeking the knowledge with the analogies, thus the analogies will not increase them from the truth except for the distance (from it), and that the Religion of Allah-azwj cannot be attained by the analogies’.[166]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ رَفَعَهُ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَا كُلُّ بِدْعَةٍ ضَلَالَةٌ وَ كُلُّ ضَلَالَةٍ سَبِيلُهَا إِلَى النَّارِ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, and Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazaan, raising it,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws and Abu Abdullah-asws both having said: ‘Every innovation is a straying, and every straying, its way is to the Fire’.[167]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ( عليه السلام ) جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فُقِّهْنَا فِي الدِّينِ وَ أَغْنَانَا اللَّهُ بِكُمْ عَنِ النَّاسِ حَتَّى إِنَّ الْجَمَاعَةَ مِنَّا لَتَكُونُ فِي الْمَجْلِسِ مَا يَسْأَلُ رَجُلٌ صَاحِبَهُ تَحْضُرُهُ الْمَسْأَلَةُ وَ يَحْضُرُهُ جَوَابُهَا فِيمَا مَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْنَا بِكُمْ فَرُبَّمَا وَرَدَ عَلَيْنَا الشَّيْءُ لَمْ يَأْتِنَا فِيهِ عَنْكَ وَ لَا عَنْ آبَائِكَ شَيْءٌ فَنَظَرْنَا إِلَى أَحْسَنِ مَا يَحْضُرُنَا وَ أَوْفَقِ الْأَشْيَاءِ لِمَا جَاءَنَا عَنْكُمْ فَنَأْخُذُ بِهِ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Muhammad Bin Hakeym who said,
‘I said to Abu Al-Hassan Musa-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! We (acquired) understanding in the Religion and Allah-azwj Made us needless of the people by you-asws to the extent that if the group from us happens to be in the gathering, a man does not ask our companions a question but he is (already) prepared for its answering – based upon what Allah-azwj has Favoured upon us through you-asws. However, sometimes the thing (a matter) is referred to us for whom nothing has come with regards to it from you-asws, nor your-asws forefathers-asws, anything. So we look at the best of that which hold us (from you-asws) and we prepare the most satisfactory of the things of what has come to us from you-asws. So we take with it’ (issue a Fatwa accordingly).
فَقَالَ هَيْهَاتَ هَيْهَاتَ فِي ذَلِكَ وَ اللَّهِ هَلَكَ مَنْ هَلَكَ يَا ابْنَ حَكِيمٍ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَعَنَ اللَّهُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ كَانَ يَقُولُ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ وَ قُلْتُ
So he-asws said: ‘Far be it! Far be it! In that, by Allah-azwj, was destroyed the one who were destroyed, O Ibn Hakeem!’ Then he-asws said: ‘May Allah-azwj Curse Abu Haneefa. He was saying, ‘Ali-asws said, and I say (my words supersede his-asws – nouzobillah )’.
قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَكِيمٍ لِهِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ وَ اللَّهِ مَا أَرَدْتُ إِلَّا أَنْ يُرَخِّصَ لِي فِي الْقِيَاسِ .
Muhammad Bin Hakeem (the narrator) said to Hisham Bin Al Hakam (a narrator), ‘By Allah-azwj! I did not intend except that he-asws should allow me regarding ‘الْقِيَاسِ’ the analogising’ (giving Fatwas based on Qiyas).[168]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رَفَعَهُ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْأَوَّلِ ( عليه السلام ) بِمَا أُوَحِّدُ اللَّهَ فَقَالَ يَا يُونُسُ لَا تَكُونَنَّ مُبْتَدِعاً مَنْ نَظَرَ بِرَأْيِهِ هَلَكَ وَ مَنْ تَرَكَ أَهْلَ بَيْتِ نَبِيِّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) ضَلَّ وَ مَنْ تَرَكَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ وَ قَوْلَ نَبِيِّهِ كَفَرَ .
Muhammad Bin Abu Abdullah, raising it from Yunus Bin Abdul Rahman who said,
‘I said to Abu Al-Hassan-asws the 1st, ‘How can I (establish) the Oneness of Allah-azwj?’ So he-asws said: ‘O Yunus! Do not become an innovator. The one who views by his own opinion would be destroyed, and the one who neglects the People-asws of the Household of His-azwj Prophet-saww would stray, and the one who neglects the Book of Allah-azwj and the words of His-azwj Prophet-saww, would blaspheme’.[169]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ مُثَنًّى الْحَنَّاطِ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) تَرِدُ عَلَيْنَا أَشْيَاءُ لَيْسَ نَعْرِفُهَا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَ لَا سُنَّةٍ فَنَنْظُرُ فِيهَا فَقَالَ لَا أَمَا إِنَّكَ إِنْ أَصَبْتَ لَمْ تُؤْجَرْ وَ إِنْ أَخْطَأْتَ كَذَبْتَ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Washa, from Musna Al Hannat, from Abu Baseer who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘Things (certain matters) are referred to us, neither do we recognise these in the Book of Allah-azwj not Sunnah. So can we apply our opinion in these?’ So he-asws said: ‘No, but if you are correct, you will not be Rewarded (for being correct), and if you err, you would have lied against Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic’.[170]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَبَانٍ الْكَلْبِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ الْقَصِيرِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) كُلُّ بِدْعَةٍ ضَلَالَةٌ وَ كُلُّ ضَلَالَةٍ فِي النَّارِ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Umar Bin Aban Al Kalby, from Abdul Raheem Al Qasayr,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Every innovation is a straying, and every strayed one would be in the Fire’.[171]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قُلْتُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ إِنَّا نَجْتَمِعُ فَنَتَذَاكَرُ مَا عِنْدَنَا فَلَا يَرِدُ عَلَيْنَا شَيْءٌ إِلَّا وَ عِنْدَنَا فِيهِ شَيْءٌ مُسَطَّرٌ وَ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ بِهِ عَلَيْنَا بِكُمْ ثُمَّ يَرِدُ عَلَيْنَا الشَّيْءُ الصَّغِيرُ لَيْسَ عِنْدَنَا فِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَيَنْظُرُ بَعْضُنَا إِلَى بَعْضٍ وَ عِنْدَنَا مَا يُشْبِهُهُ فَنَقِيسُ عَلَى أَحْسَنِهِ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa Bin Ubeyd, from Yunus Bin Abdul Rahman, from Sama’at Bin Mihran,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Al-Hassan Musa-asws, said, ‘I said, ‘May Allah-azwj Keep you-asws well! We tend to gather, so we discuss what is with us. So there is nothing which is referred to us except that with us there is something explaining it, and that through you-asws – what Allah-azwj has Favoured with upon you. Then something small gets referred to us, and there is nothing with us regarding it. So we exchange views with each other of what is with us (and come up with that) what resembles it. So we analogise upon the best of it’.
فَقَالَ وَ مَا لَكُمْ وَ لِلْقِيَاسِ إِنَّمَا هَلَكَ مَنْ هَلَكَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ بِالْقِيَاسِ
So he-asws said: ‘And what is to you and the analogies? But rather, the ones from before you were destroyed due to the analogies’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ إِذَا جَاءَكُمْ مَا تَعْلَمُونَ فَقُولُوا بِهِ وَ إِنْ جَاءَكُمْ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ فَهَا وَ أَهْوَى بِيَدِهِ إِلَى فِيهِ
Then he-asws said: ‘When there comes to you (a matter) which you know (from us-asws), so speak with it, but if there comes to you that which you do not know, so Shush!’ (keep quiet), and he-asws gestured by his-asws to his-asws mouth.
ثُمَّ قَالَ لَعَنَ اللَّهُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ كَانَ يَقُولُ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ وَ قُلْتُ أَنَا وَ قَالَتِ الصَّحَابَةُ وَ قُلْتُ
Then he-asws said: ‘May Allah-azwj Curse Abu Haneefa! He was saying, ‘Ali-asws said, and I say, and the companions said (but my opinion is better)’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ أَ كُنْتَ تَجْلِسُ إِلَيْهِ فَقُلْتُ لَا وَ لَكِنْ هَذَا كَلَامُهُ فَقُلْتُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ أَتَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) النَّاسَ بِمَا يَكْتَفُونَ بِهِ فِي عَهْدِهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَ مَا يَحْتَاجُونَ إِلَيْهِ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ فَقُلْتُ فَضَاعَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ فَقَالَ لَا هُوَ عِنْدَ أَهْلِهِ .
Then he-asws said: ‘You used to sit with him?’ So I said, ‘No, but this is (indeed) his speech’. Then I said, ‘May Allah-azwj Keep you-asws well! The people came to Rasool-Allah-saww with what they used to suffice with during his-saww era’. He-asws said: ‘Yes, and whatever they would be needy to up to the Day of Judgment’. So I said, ‘So, is anything lost from that?’ So he-asws said: ‘No. It is with its rightful ones-asws’.[172]
عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ ضَلَّ عِلْمُ ابْنِ شُبْرُمَةَ عِنْدَ الْجَامِعَةِ إِمْلَاءِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) وَ خَطِّ عَلِيٍّ ( عليه السلام ) بِيَدِهِ إِنَّ الْجَامِعَةَ لَمْ تَدَعْ لِأَحَدٍ كَلَاماً فِيهَا عِلْمُ الْحَلَالِ وَ الْحَرَامِ إِنَّ أَصْحَابَ الْقِيَاسِ طَلَبُوا الْعِلْمَ بِالْقِيَاسِ فَلَمْ يَزْدَادُوا مِنَ الْحَقِّ إِلَّا بُعْداً إِنَّ دِينَ اللَّهِ لَا يُصَابُ بِالْقِيَاسِ .
From him, from Muhammad, from Yunus, from Aban, from Abu Shayba who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘The knowledge of Ibn Shubrama (a judge) is a straying in the presence of Al-Jami’e (a book) dictated by Rasool-Allah-azwj and written by Ali-asws by his-asws hand. Al Jami’e has not left any speech (to be spoken) by anyone. In it is knowledge of the Permissible and the Prohibitions. The companions of analogy are seeking the knowledge by the analogies, so it would not be increasing them from the Truth, except for the distance (from it). The Religion of Allah-azwj cannot be attained by the analogy’.[173]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ تَغْلِبَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِنَّ السُّنَّةَ لَا تُقَاسُ أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّ امْرَأَةً تَقْضِي صَوْمَهَا وَ لَا تَقْضِي صَلَاتَهَا يَا أَبَانُ إِنَّ السُّنَّةَ إِذَا قِيسَتْ مُحِقَ الدِّينُ .
Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazan, from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Abdul Rahman Bin Al Hajjaj, from Aban Bin Taghlub,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The Sunnah cannot be analogized. Can you not see that the woman fulfils her Fasts but she does not fulfil her Salat? O Aban! The Sunnah, when analogised, obliterates (demolishes) the Religion’.[174]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ( عليه السلام ) عَنِ الْقِيَاسِ فَقَالَ مَا لَكُمْ وَ الْقِيَاسَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُسْأَلُ كَيْفَ أَحَلَّ وَ كَيْفَ حَرَّمَ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Usman Bin Isa who said,
‘I asked Abu Al-Hassan Musa-asws about the analogy, so he-asws said: ‘What is it to you all and the analogy? Allah-azwj will not Ask how it was Made to be Permissible and how it was Made to be Prohibited?’.[175]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي جَعْفَرٌ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَنَّ عَلِيّاً ( صلوات الله عليه ) قَالَ مَنْ نَصَبَ نَفْسَهُ لِلْقِيَاسِ لَمْ يَزَلْ دَهْرَهُ فِي الْتِبَاسٍ وَ مَنْ دَانَ اللَّهَ بِالرَّأْيِ لَمْ يَزَلْ دَهْرَهُ فِي ارْتِمَاسٍ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Haroun Bin Muslim, from Mas’ada Bin Sadaqa who said,
‘Ja’far-asws narrated to me from his-asws father-asws that Ali-asws said: ‘The one who establishes himself to the analogy would not cease to be in confusion during his lifetime, and the one who makes a Religion of Allah-azwj with the opinion would not cease to be in (a state of) drowning’.
قَالَ وَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) مَنْ أَفْتَى النَّاسَ بِرَأْيِهِ فَقَدْ دَانَ اللَّهَ بِمَا لَا يَعْلَمُ وَ مَنْ دَانَ اللَّهَ بِمَا لَا يَعْلَمُ فَقَدْ ضَادَّ اللَّهَ حَيْثُ أَحَلَّ وَ حَرَّمَ فِيمَا لَا يَعْلَمُ .
He (the narrator) said, ‘Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘The one who issues Fatwas to the people by his opinion, so he has made it as a Religion of Allah-azwj with what he does not know, and the one who makes it as a Religion of Allah-azwj with what he does not know, so he has opposed Allah-azwj where he is permitting and prohibiting regarding what he does not know’.[176]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَقْطِينٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مَيَّاحٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِنَّ إِبْلِيسَ قَاسَ نَفْسَهُ بِآدَمَ فَقَالَ خَلَقْتَنِي مِنْ نَارٍ وَ خَلَقْتَهُ مِنْ طِينٍ وَ لَوْ قَاسَ الْجَوْهَرَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ آدَمَ بِالنَّارِ كَانَ ذَلِكَ أَكْثَرَ نُوراً وَ ضِيَاءً مِنَ النَّارِ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Bin Yaqteen, from Al Husayn Bin Mayyah, from his father,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Iblees-la analogised himself-la with Adam-as, so [38:76] He said: I am better than him; You have Created me from fire, and Created him from clay. And had he-la compared the essence which Allah-azwj Created Adam-as from, with the fire (he-la would not have said so, as that was of more light and illumination than the fire’.[177]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنِ الْحَلَالِ وَ الْحَرَامِ فَقَالَ حَلَالُ مُحَمَّدٍ حَلَالٌ أَبَداً إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ حَرَامُهُ حَرَامٌ أَبَداً إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ لَا يَكُونُ غَيْرُهُ وَ لَا يَجِيءُ غَيْرُهُ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa Bin Ubeyd, from Yunus, from Hareyz, from Zurara who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the Permissible and the Prohibitions, so he-asws said: ‘The Permissible of Muhammad-saww would be Permissible for ever up to the Day of Judgment, and his-saww Prohibitions would be Prohibited forever, up to the Day of Judgment. There will not happen to be something else, nor will something else be coming’.
وَ قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ( عليه السلام ) مَا أَحَدٌ ابْتَدَعَ بِدْعَةً إِلَّا تَرَكَ بِهَا سُنَّةً .
And he-asws said: ‘Ali-asws said: ‘No one initiated an innovation except that a Sunnah was left out (superseded) by it’.[178]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْعَقِيلِيِّ عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْقُرَشِيِّ قَالَ دَخَلَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّكَ تَقِيسُ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ لَا تَقِسْ فَإِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَنْ قَاسَ إِبْلِيسُ حِينَ قَالَ خَلَقْتَنِي مِنْ نَارٍ وَ خَلَقْتَهُ مِنْ طِينٍ فَقَاسَ مَا بَيْنَ النَّارِ وَ الطِّينِ وَ لَوْ قَاسَ نُورِيَّةَ آدَمَ بِنُورِيَّةِ النَّارِ عَرَفَ فَضْلَ مَا بَيْنَ النُّورَيْنِ وَ صَفَاءَ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَى الْآخَرِ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ahmad Bin Abdullah Al Aqeely, from Isa Bin Abdullah Al Qurshy who said,
‘Abu Haneefa came over to Abu Abdullah-asws, so he-asws said to him: ‘O Abu Haneefa! It has reached me-asws that you tend to analogise?’ He said, ‘Yes’. He-asws said: ‘Do not analogise, for the first one who analogised was Iblees-la where he-la said [38:76] He said: I am better than him; You have Created me from fire, and Created him from clay. So he-la analogised what was between the fire and the clay, and had he-la compared Adam-as with the radiance of the fire, he-la would have recognised what is between the two radiances and the excellence of one of the two upon the other’.[179]
عَلِيٌّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ قَالَ سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ فَأَجَابَهُ فِيهَا فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَانَ كَذَا وَ كَذَا مَا يَكُونُ الْقَوْلُ فِيهَا فَقَالَ لَهُ مَهْ مَا أَجَبْتُكَ فِيهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَهُوَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) لَسْنَا مِنْ أَ رَأَيْتَ فِي شَيْءٍ .
Ali, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus, from Quteyba who said,
‘A man asked Abu Abdullah-asws a question. So he-asws answered him. So the man said, ‘What is your-asws opinion if it was such and such (instead), what would (the final) word be with regards to it?’ So he-asws said to him: ‘Muh! Whatever I-asws answered you regarding it, so it is from Rasool-Allah-saww. We-asws are not ones who opine with regards to anything’.[180]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُرْسَلًا قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) لَا تَتَّخِذُوا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَلِيجَةً فَلَا تَكُونُوا مُؤْمِنِينَ فَإِنَّ كُلَّ سَبَبٍ وَ نَسَبٍ وَ قَرَابَةٍ وَ وَلِيجَةٍ وَ بِدْعَةٍ وَ شُبْهَةٍ مُنْقَطِعٌ إِلَّا مَا أَثْبَتَهُ الْقُرْآنُ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from his father, in an unbroken chain, said,
‘Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘Do not be taking anyone from besides Allah-azwj as a confidant, for you would not happen to be Momineen. Every means, and lineage, and relationship, and confidant and it’s like would be cut off except for what the Quran has affirmed’.[181]
بَابُ الرَّدِّ إِلَى الْكِتَابِ وَ السُّنَّةِ وَ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْحَلَالِ وَ الْحَرَامِ وَ جَمِيعِ مَا يَحْتَاجُ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهِ إِلَّا وَ قَدْ جَاءَ فِيهِ كِتَابٌ أَوْ سُنَّةٌ
Chapter 20 – The referring to the Book and the Sunnah, and that there is nothing from the Permissible and the Prohibition and the entirety of what the people would be need to except that the Book or Sunnah has come with it
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَدِيدٍ عَنْ مُرَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَنْزَلَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ تِبْيَانَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ حَتَّى وَ اللَّهِ مَا تَرَكَ اللَّهُ شَيْئاً يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ الْعِبَادُ حَتَّى لَا يَسْتَطِيعَ عَبْدٌ يَقُولُ لَوْ كَانَ هَذَا أُنْزِلَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ إِلَّا وَ قَدْ أَنْزَلَهُ اللَّهُ فِيهِ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ali Bin Hadeed, from Murazim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj Blessed and High Revealed in the Quran an explanation of everything to the extent that, by Allah-azwj, Allah-azwj did not neglect anything which the servants would be needy to, until there is no capacity for a servant to be saying, ‘If only this (matter) had been Revealed in the Quran’, except that Allah-azwj has Revealed in it’.[182]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى لَمْ يَدَعْ شَيْئاً يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ الْأُمَّةُ إِلَّا أَنْزَلَهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ وَ بَيَّنَهُ لِرَسُولِهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) وَ جَعَلَ لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ حَدّاً وَ جَعَلَ عَلَيْهِ دَلِيلًا يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ وَ جَعَلَ عَلَى مَنْ تَعَدَّى ذَلِكَ الْحَدَّ حَدّاً .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus, from Husayn Bin Al Munzir, from Umar Bin Qays,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws, said, ‘I heard him-asws saying: ‘Allah-azwj Blessed and High did not Leave anything which the community would be needy to except that He-azwj Revealed it in His-azwj Book, and Explained it to Rasool-Allah-saww, and Made a Limit to be for everything, and Made evidence to indicate upon it, and Made a penalty to be upon the ones who exceed the Limit’.[183]
عَلِيٌّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ هَارُونَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ حَلَالًا وَ لَا حَرَاماً إِلَّا وَ لَهُ حَدٌّ كَحَدِّ الدَّارِ فَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الطَّرِيقِ فَهُوَ مِنَ الطَّرِيقِ وَ مَا كَانَ مِنَ الدَّارِ فَهُوَ مِنَ الدَّارِ حَتَّى أَرْشُ الْخَدْشِ فَمَا سِوَاهُ وَ الْجَلْدَةِ وَ نِصْفِ الْجَلْدَةِ .
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Yunus, from Aban, from Suleyman Bin Haroun who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘Allah-azwj has not Created a Permissible nor a Prohibition except that there is a limit for it like the boundary of the house. So whatever was from the road (people outside), so it is from the road, and whatever was from the house (Ahl Al-Bayt-asws), so it is from the house, even the compensation for a scratch, and what is besides it, and the lashing, and half a lashing’.[184]
عَلِيٌّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ مَا مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا وَ فِيهِ كِتَابٌ أَوْ سُنَّةٌ .
Ali, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus, from Hammad, from Abu Abdullah-asws, said,
‘I heard him-asws saying: ‘There is none from the things except that with regards to it -there is (something in the) Book or a Sunnah’.[185]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) إِذَا حَدَّثْتُكُمْ بِشَيْءٍ فَاسْأَلُونِي مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus, from Hammad, from Abdullah Bin Sinan, from Abu Al Jaroud who said,
‘Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘Whenever I-asws narrated with anything to you all, so you should be asking me-asws (where it is) from the Book of Allah-azwj’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ فِي بَعْضِ حَدِيثِهِ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) نَهَى عَنِ الْقِيلِ وَ الْقَالِ وَ فَسَادِ الْمَالِ وَ كَثْرَةِ السُّؤَالِ فَقِيلَ لَهُ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أَيْنَ هَذَا مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ لا خَيْرَ فِي كَثِيرٍ مِنْ نَجْواهُمْ إِلَّا مَنْ أَمَرَ بِصَدَقَةٍ أَوْ مَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ إِصْلاحٍ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ وَ قَالَ وَ لا تُؤْتُوا السُّفَهاءَ أَمْوالَكُمُ الَّتِي جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ قِياماً وَ قَالَ لا تَسْئَلُوا عَنْ أَشْياءَ إِنْ تُبْدَ لَكُمْ تَسُؤْكُمْ .
Then he-asws said in one of his-asws Hadeeth: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww forbade from the, ‘It was said’, and ‘he said’, and the spoiling of the wealth, and the frequent questioning’. So it was said to him-asws, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! Where is this from the Book of Allah-azwj?’ He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying [4:114] There is no good in most of their secret counsels except (in his) who enjoins charity or goodness or reconciliation between people. And Said [4:5] And do not give away your property to the foolish which Allah has made for you a (means of) support. And Said [5:101] O you who believe! Do not put questions about things which if declared to you may trouble you’.[186]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ عَنِ الْمُعَلَّى بْنِ خُنَيْسٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) مَا مِنْ أَمْرٍ يَخْتَلِفُ فِيهِ اثْنَانِ إِلَّا وَ لَهُ أَصْلٌ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ لَكِنْ لَا تَبْلُغُهُ عُقُولُ الرِّجَالِ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazzal, from Sa’alba Bin Maymoun, from the one who narrated it, from Al Moalla Bin Khunays who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘There is none from a matter regarding which two (people) differ except for it would have its origin in the Book of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, but the intellects of the men do not reach it’.[187]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْكُمُ الرَّسُولَ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) وَ أَنْزَلَ إِلَيْهِ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ وَ أَنْتُمْ أُمِّيُّونَ عَنِ الْكِتَابِ وَ مَنْ أَنْزَلَهُ وَ عَنِ الرَّسُولِ وَ مَنْ أَرْسَلَهُ عَلَى حِينِ فَتْرَةٍ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ وَ طُولِ هَجْعَةٍ مِنَ الْأُمَمِ وَ انْبِسَاطٍ مِنَ الْجَهْلِ وَ اعْتِرَاضٍ مِنَ الْفِتْنَةِ وَ انْتِقَاضٍ مِنَ الْمُبْرَمِ وَ عَمًى عَنِ الْحَقِّ وَ اعْتِسَافٍ مِنَ الْجَوْرِ وَ امْتِحَاقٍ مِنَ الدِّينِ وَ تَلَظٍّ مِنَ الْحُرُوبِ عَلَى حِينِ اصْفِرَارٍ مِنْ رِيَاضِ جَنَّاتِ الدُّنْيَا وَ يُبْسٍ مِنْ أَغْصَانِهَا وَ انْتِثَارٍ مِنْ وَرَقِهَا وَ يَأْسٍ مِنْ ثَمَرِهَا وَ اغْوِرَارٍ مِنْ مَائِهَا
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from one of his companions, from Haroun Bin Muslim, from Mas’ada Bin Sadaqa,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘O you people! Allah-azwj Blessed and High sent the Rasool-saww to you and Revealed the Book unto him-saww with the Truth, and you were illiterates (أُمِّيُّونَ) of the Book and the One-azwj Who Revealed it, and about the Raool-saww and the One-azwj Who Sent him-saww upon a gap from the Rasools-as and prolonged slumber from nations and widespread ignorance, and objections from the strife, and the invalidation of the agreements, and the blindness from the Truth, and the coercion from the tyrants, and the obliteration (destruction) from the Religion, and raging of the wars upon the paleness from the orchards of the gardens of the world, and drying out of its branches, and the scattering of its leaves, and despair from its fruits, and drying of its waters.
قَدْ دَرَسَتْ أَعْلَامُ الْهُدَى فَظَهَرَتْ أَعْلَامُ الرَّدَى فَالدُّنْيَا مُتَهَجِّمَةٌ فِي وُجُوهِ أَهْلِهَا مُكْفَهِرَّةٌ مُدْبِرَةٌ غَيْرُ مُقْبِلَةٍ ثَمَرَتُهَا الْفِتْنَةُ وَ طَعَامُهَا الْجِيفَةُ وَ شِعَارُهَا الْخَوْفُ وَ دِثَارُهَا السَّيْفُ مُزِّقْتُمْ كُلَّ مُمَزَّقٍ وَ قَدْ أَعْمَتْ عُيُونَ أَهْلِهَا وَ أَظْلَمَتْ عَلَيْهَا أَيَّامُهَا قَدْ قَطَّعُوا أَرْحَامَهُمْ وَ سَفَكُوا دِمَاءَهُمْ وَ دَفَنُوا فِي التُّرَابِ الْمَوْءُودَةَ بَيْنَهُمْ مِنْ أَوْلَادِهِمْ يَجْتَازُ دُونَهُمْ طِيبُ الْعَيْشِ وَ رَفَاهِيَةُ خُفُوضِ الدُّنْيَا لَا يَرْجُونَ مِنَ اللَّهِ ثَوَاباً وَ لَا يَخَافُونَ وَ اللَّهِ مِنْهُ عِقَاباً حَيُّهُمْ أَعْمَى نَجِسٌ وَ مَيِّتُهُمْ فِي النَّارِ مُبْلَسٌ
The banners of guidance had decayed and the banners of annihilation appeared. So the world was severe (cruel) in the faces of its inhabitants, gloomy, turning away without facing. Its fruit was the sedition, and its food was the carcass, and its slogan was the fear, and its garment was the crushing sword, crushing every one. And the eyes of its inhabitants were blinded, and the days were darkened upon them. They had cut off their relationships, and shed their bloods, and they had buried their female infants between them from their own children, choosing besides them the good life and the welfare of the lowly world, not desiring Rewards from Allah-azwj nor fearing the Punishment of Allah-azwj from it. Their lives were blind, filthy, and their deceased ones were in the Fire in utter despair.
فَجَاءَهُمْ بِنُسْخَةِ مَا فِي الصُّحُفِ الْأُولَى وَ تَصْدِيقِ الَّذِي بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَ تَفْصِيلِ الْحَلَالِ مِنْ رَيْبِ الْحَرَامِ ذَلِكَ الْقُرْآنُ فَاسْتَنْطِقُوهُ وَ لَنْ يَنْطِقَ لَكُمْ أُخْبِرُكُمْ عَنْهُ إِنَّ فِيهِ عِلْمَ مَا مَضَى وَ عِلْمَ مَا يَأْتِي إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ حُكْمَ مَا بَيْنَكُمْ وَ بَيَانَ مَا أَصْبَحْتُمْ فِيهِ تَخْتَلِفُونَ فَلَوْ سَأَلْتُمُونِي عَنْهُ لَعَلَّمْتُكُمْ .
So he-saww came to them with a copy of what was in the former Parchments and a ratification of that which was in front of him-saww, and detail of the Permissibles from the doubts of the Prohibitions. That is the Quran. So try speaking to it, but it will never speak to you all. I-asws can inform you about it. In it is knowledge of what is past and knowledge of what is to come up to the Day of Judgment, and a Judgment for what is between you, and an explanation of what you have come to be disputing upon. So, if you were to ask me-asws about it, I-asws would teach you all’.[188]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى بْنِ أَعْيَنَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ قَدْ وَلَدَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) وَ أَنَا أَعْلَمُ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ وَ فِيهِ بَدْءُ الْخَلْقِ وَ مَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ فِيهِ خَبَرُ السَّمَاءِ وَ خَبَرُ الْأَرْضِ وَ خَبَرُ الْجَنَّةِ وَ خَبَرُ النَّارِ وَ خَبَرُ مَا كَانَ وَ خَبَرُ مَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ أَعْلَمُ ذَلِكَ كَمَا أَنْظُرُ إِلَى كَفِّي إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ فِيهِ تِبْيَانُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Ibn Fazzal, from Hammad Bin Usman, from Abdul A’ala Bin Ayn who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘I-asws born from (the children of) Rasool-Allah-saww, and I-asws know the Book of Allah-azwj; and in it is the beginning of the creation, and what is going to happen up to the Day of Judgment, and therein is the news of the sky and news of the earth, and news of the Paradise, and news of the Fire, and news of what was, and news of what is to happen. I-asws know all that just as I look at my-asws own palm. Allah-azwj is Saying ‘Therein is an explanation of everything”’.[189]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ فِيهِ نَبَأُ مَا قَبْلَكُمْ وَ خَبَرُ مَا بَعْدَكُمْ وَ فَصْلُ مَا بَيْنَكُمْ وَ نَحْنُ نَعْلَمُهُ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ali Bin Al Numan, from Ismail Bin Jabir,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The Book of Allah-azwj, therein is news of what was before you, and information of what is to be after you, and detail of what is between you, and we-asws know it (all)’.[190]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الْمَغْرَاءِ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ أَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَ سُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) أَوْ تَقُولُونَ فِيهِ قَالَ بَلْ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَ سُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Ismail Bin Mihran, from Sayf Bin Ameyra, from Abu Magra’a, from Sama’at,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Al-Hassan Musa-asws, said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘Is everything in the Book of Allah-azwj and the Sunnah of His-azwj Prophet-saww, or are you-asws (Imams-asws) are saying with regards to it?’ He-asws said: ‘But, everything is in the Book of Allah-azwj and the Sunnah from His-azwj Prophet-saww’.[191]
بَابُ اخْتِلَافِ الْحَدِيثِ
Chapter 21 – Differences in the Hadeeth
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُمَرَ الْيَمَانِيِّ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْهِلَالِيِّ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ مِنْ سَلْمَانَ وَ الْمِقْدَادِ وَ أَبِي ذَرٍّ شَيْئاً مِنْ تَفْسِيرِ الْقُرْآنِ وَ أَحَادِيثَ عَنْ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) غَيْرَ مَا فِي أَيْدِي النَّاسِ ثُمَّ سَمِعْتُ مِنْكَ تَصْدِيقَ مَا سَمِعْتُ مِنْهُمْ وَ رَأَيْتُ فِي أَيْدِي النَّاسِ أَشْيَاءَ كَثِيرَةً مِنْ تَفْسِيرِ الْقُرْآنِ وَ مِنَ الْأَحَادِيثِ عَنْ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) أَنْتُمْ تُخَالِفُونَهُمْ فِيهَا وَ تَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ بَاطِلٌ أَ فَتَرَى النَّاسَ يَكْذِبُونَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) مُتَعَمِّدِينَ وَ يُفَسِّرُونَ الْقُرْآنَ بِآرَائِهِمْ
Ali Bin Ibrahim Bin Hashim, from his father, from Hammad Bin Isa, from Ibrahim Bin Umar Al Yamani, from Aban Bin Abu Ayyash, from Suleym Bin Qays Al Hilaly who said,
‘I said to Amir Al-Momineen-asws, ‘I heard from Salman-ra and Al-Miqdad-ra and Abu Zarr-ra, something from the interpretation of the Quran and the Ahadeeth from the Prophet-saww of Allah-azwj, other than what is in the hands of the people. Then I heard from you-asws the ratification of what I had heard from them-ra; and I see a lot of things to be in the hands of the people, from the interpretation of the Quran and from the Ahadeeth from the Prophet-saww of Allah-azwj. You-asws are differing from them in it, and you-asws are claiming that, all of that (which they interpret) is false. So, are you-asws viewing that the people are lying upon Rasool-Allah-saww deliberately, and they are interpreting the Quran by their own opinions?’
قَالَ فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ فَقَالَ قَدْ سَأَلْتَ فَافْهَمِ الْجَوَابَ إِنَّ فِي أَيْدِي النَّاسِ حَقّاً وَ بَاطِلًا وَ صِدْقاً وَ كَذِباً وَ نَاسِخاً وَ مَنْسُوخاً وَ عَامّاً وَ خَاصّاً وَ مُحْكَماً وَ مُتَشَابِهاً وَ حِفْظاً وَ وَهَماً وَ قَدْ كُذِبَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) عَلَى عَهْدِهِ حَتَّى قَامَ خَطِيباً فَقَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قَدْ كَثُرَتْ عَلَيَّ الْكَذَّابَةُ فَمَنْ كَذَبَ عَلَيَّ مُتَعَمِّداً فَلْيَتَبَوَّأْ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ
He (Suleymn Bin Qays) said, ‘So Ali-asws turned to face me and he-asws said: ‘You have asked, so understand the answer. In the hands of the people there is right, and wrong, and truthfulness and lies, and Abrogating and Abrogated, and general and specific, and Decisive and Allegorical, and memorised and delusions. And (it was so) that Rasool-Allah-saww had been belied upon during his-saww era, to the extent that he-saww stood up and addressed, so he-saww said: ‘O you people! The people have lied a lot upon me-saww. So the one who lies upon me-saww deliberately, so let him assume his seat from the Fire’.
ثُمَّ كُذِبَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَ إِنَّمَا أَتَاكُمُ الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةٍ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ خَامِسٌ
Then he-saww was belied upon from after him-saww, and rather the Ahadeeth came to you all from four (types of people). There is not fifth (narrator) for them.
رَجُلٍ مُنَافِقٍ يُظْهِرُ الْإِيمَانَ مُتَصَنِّعٍ بِالْإِسْلَامِ لَا يَتَأَثَّمُ وَ لَا يَتَحَرَّجُ أَنْ يَكْذِبَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) مُتَعَمِّداً فَلَوْ عَلِمَ النَّاسُ أَنَّهُ مُنَافِقٌ كَذَّابٌ لَمْ يَقْبَلُوا مِنْهُ وَ لَمْ يُصَدِّقُوهُ وَ لَكِنَّهُمْ قَالُوا هَذَا قَدْ صَحِبَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) وَ رَآهُ وَ سَمِعَ مِنْهُ وَ أَخَذُوا عَنْهُ وَ هُمْ لَا يَعْرِفُونَ حَالَهُ
A hypocrite man who manifested the Eman pretending with Al-Islam. Neither did he consider it a sin nor anything wrong with deliberately lying upon Rasool-Allah-saww. So, had the people known that he is a lying hypocrite, they would not have accepted from him and would not have believed in him. But, they said, ‘This one has accompanied Rasool-Allah-saww, and had seen him-saww and heard from him-saww’, and they took from him and there were not recognising his state.
وَ قَدْ أَخْبَرَهُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ بِمَا أَخْبَرَهُ وَ وَصَفَهُمْ بِمَا وَصَفَهُمْ فَقَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ إِذا رَأَيْتَهُمْ تُعْجِبُكَ أَجْسامُهُمْ وَ إِنْ يَقُولُوا تَسْمَعْ لِقَوْلِهِمْ ثُمَّ بَقُوا بَعْدَهُ فَتَقَرَّبُوا إِلَى أَئِمَّةِ الضَّلَالَةِ وَ الدُّعَاةِ إِلَى النَّارِ بِالزُّورِ وَ الْكَذِبِ وَ الْبُهْتَانِ فَوَلَّوْهُمُ الْأَعْمَالَ وَ حَمَلُوهُمْ عَلَى رِقَابِ النَّاسِ وَ أَكَلُوا بِهِمُ الدُّنْيَا وَ إِنَّمَا النَّاسُ مَعَ الْمُلُوكِ وَ الدُّنْيَا إِلَّا مَنْ عَصَمَ اللَّهُ فَهَذَا أَحَدُ الْأَرْبَعَةِ
And Allah-azwj had Informed about the hypocrites with what He-azwj Informed, and Described them with what He-azwj Described them. So He-azwj the Mighty and Majestic Said [63:4] And when you see them, their persons would please you, and If they speak, you will listen to their speech. Then they remained after him-saww, so they went closer to the leaders of misguidance and the inviters of the Fire with the false testimonies, and the lies, and the accusations. Thus, they made them office-bearers and carried them upon ruling over the people, and they (the rulers) devoured the world through them, and rather, the people are (always) with the kings and the world except for the ones whom Allah-azwj Protects. So this is one of the four (types of narrators of Ahadeeth)’.
وَ رَجُلٍ سَمِعَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ شَيْئاً لَمْ يَحْمِلْهُ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ وَ وَهِمَ فِيهِ وَ لَمْ يَتَعَمَّدْ كَذِباً فَهُوَ فِي يَدِهِ يَقُولُ بِهِ وَ يَعْمَلُ بِهِ وَ يَرْوِيهِ فَيَقُولُ أَنَا سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَلَوْ عَلِمَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ أَنَّهُ وَهِمَ لَمْ يَقْبَلُوهُ وَ لَوْ عَلِمَ هُوَ أَنَّهُ وَهِمَ لَرَفَضَهُ
And a man who heard something from Rasool-Allah-saww, but did not preserve it’s all aspect and them became uncertain about it, and he did not lie deliberately. So it was in his hands (and) he was speaking by it, and acting by it, and narrating with it, and he was saying, ‘I heard it from Rasool-Allah-saww’. So, had the Muslims known that he was deluded, they would not have accepted it, and had he himself known that it was a delusion, he would have rejected it (himself).
وَ رَجُلٍ ثَالِثٍ سَمِعَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) شَيْئاً أَمَرَ بِهِ ثُمَّ نَهَى عَنْهُ وَ هُوَ لَا يَعْلَمُ أَوْ سَمِعَهُ يَنْهَى عَنْ شَيْءٍ ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِهِ وَ هُوَ لَا يَعْلَمُ فَحَفِظَ مَنْسُوخَهُ وَ لَمْ يَحْفَظِ النَّاسِخَ وَ لَوْ عَلِمَ أَنَّهُ مَنْسُوخٌ لَرَفَضَهُ وَ لَوْ عَلِمَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ إِذْ سَمِعُوهُ مِنْهُ أَنَّهُ مَنْسُوخٌ لَرَفَضُوهُ
And a third man who heard something from Rasool-Allah-saww he-saww had ordered with, then he-saww forbade from it, and he did not know (of the prohibition), or he heard him-saww forbidding from something, then he-saww ordered with it, and he did not know (of the order). Thus he preserved the Abrogated and did not preserve the Abrogating, and had he known that he-saww had Abrogated it, he would have rejected it (himself), and had the Muslims known that when he had heard from him-saww, it was actually Abrogated, they would have rejected it.
وَ آخَرَ رَابِعٍ لَمْ يَكْذِبْ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) مُبْغِضٍ لِلْكَذِبِ خَوْفاً مِنَ اللَّهِ وَ تَعْظِيماً لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) لَمْ يَنْسَهُ بَلْ حَفِظَ مَا سَمِعَ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ فَجَاءَ بِهِ كَمَا سَمِعَ لَمْ يَزِدْ فِيهِ وَ لَمْ يَنْقُصْ مِنْهُ وَ عَلِمَ النَّاسِخَ مِنَ الْمَنْسُوخِ فَعَمِلَ بِالنَّاسِخِ وَ رَفَضَ الْمَنْسُوخَ
And the fourth (type of narrator) did not lie upon Rasool-Allah-saww, hated the lie out of fear of Allah-azwj and reverence (respect) to Rasool-Allah-saww. He did not forget, and he did preserve whatever he heard upon its (correct) aspect. So he came with it just as he had heard, and he did not increase in it and did not reduce from it, and he knew the Abrogating from the Abrogated (orders), thus he acted by the Abrogating and rejected the Abrogated.
فَإِنَّ أَمْرَ النَّبِيِّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) مِثْلُ الْقُرْآنِ نَاسِخٌ وَ مَنْسُوخٌ وَ خَاصٌّ وَ عَامٌّ وَ مُحْكَمٌ وَ مُتَشَابِهٌ قَدْ كَانَ يَكُونُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) الْكَلَامُ لَهُ وَجْهَانِ كَلَامٌ عَامٌّ وَ كَلَامٌ خَاصٌّ مِثْلُ الْقُرْآنِ وَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ ما آتاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَ ما نَهاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا
So the order of the Prophet-saww is like the (order of the) Quran, Abrogating and Abrogated, and particular and general, and Decisive and Allegorical. There have happened to be the speech from Rasool-Allah-saww having two aspects for it – a general speech and a particular speech, similar to the Quran. And Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said in His-azwj Book [59:7] whatever the Rasool gives you, accept it, and from whatever he forbids you, keep back.
فَيَشْتَبِهُ عَلَى مَنْ لَمْ يَعْرِفْ وَ لَمْ يَدْرِ مَا عَنَى اللَّهُ بِهِ وَ رَسُولُهُ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) وَ لَيْسَ كُلُّ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) كَانَ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الشَّيْءِ فَيَفْهَمُ وَ كَانَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَسْأَلُهُ وَ لَا يَسْتَفْهِمُهُ حَتَّى إِنْ كَانُوا لَيُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَجِيءَ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ وَ الطَّارِئُ فَيَسْأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) حَتَّى يَسْمَعُوا
So it was doubtful upon the one who did not recognise and did not know what Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww Meant by it. And every companions of Rasool-Allah-azwj was not such that everyone who asked him about something, so he understood; and there were from them ones who were asked and they did not understand, to the extent that they used to love that a Bedouin and a stranger would come over, so he would ask Rasool-Allah-saww so that they would be listening.
وَ قَدْ كُنْتُ أَدْخُلُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) كُلَّ يَوْمٍ دَخْلَةً وَ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ دَخْلَةً فَيُخَلِّينِي فِيهَا أَدُورُ مَعَهُ حَيْثُ دَارَ وَ قَدْ عَلِمَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَصْنَعْ ذَلِكَ بِأَحَدٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ غَيْرِي فَرُبَّمَا كَانَ فِي بَيْتِي يَأْتِينِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) أَكْثَرُ ذَلِكَ فِي بَيْتِي وَ كُنْتُ إِذَا دَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ بَعْضَ مَنَازِلِهِ أَخْلَانِي وَ أَقَامَ عَنِّي نِسَاءَهُ
And I-asws used to go over to Rasool-Allah-saww every day for a meeting, and every night for a meeting. So he-saww would isolate himself-saww with me-asws, going around with him-saww wherever he-saww went, and the companions of Rasool-Allah-saww knew that he-saww did not hold (those meetings) that with anyone from the people apart from me-asws. So, sometimes it would be in my-asws house. Rasool-Allah-saww would mostly hold (consultations) that in my-asws house; and whenever I-asws went over to him-saww in one of his-saww rooms, he-saww would isolate with me-asws, and tell his-saww womenfolk to arise (to go away) from me-asws.
فَلَا يَبْقَى عِنْدَهُ غَيْرِي وَ إِذَا أَتَانِي لِلْخَلْوَةِ مَعِي فِي مَنْزِلِي لَمْ تَقُمْ عَنِّي فَاطِمَةُ وَ لَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ بَنِيَّ وَ كُنْتُ إِذَا سَأَلْتُهُ أَجَابَنِي وَ إِذَا سَكَتُّ عَنْهُ وَ فَنِيَتْ مَسَائِلِي ابْتَدَأَنِي
So there would not remain in his-saww presence anyone apart from me-asws. And whenever he-saww came over to me-asws in my-asws house, Syeda Fatima-asws would not arise from me-asws, nor would anyone from my-asws two sons-asws (as among the Purified Ones) And it was so that whenever I-asws asked him-saww, he-saww answered me-asws, and whenever I-asws was silent from him-saww and my-asws questions had finished, he-saww would initiate (a discussion) me-asws.
فَمَا نَزَلَتْ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) آيَةٌ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ إِلَّا أَقْرَأَنِيهَا وَ أَمْلَاهَا عَلَيَّ فَكَتَبْتُهَا بِخَطِّي وَ عَلَّمَنِي تَأْوِيلَهَا وَ تَفْسِيرَهَا وَ نَاسِخَهَا وَ مَنْسُوخَهَا وَ مُحْكَمَهَا وَ مُتَشَابِهَهَا وَ خَاصَّهَا وَ عَامَّهَا وَ دَعَا اللَّهَ أَنْ يُعْطِيَنِي فَهْمَهَا وَ حِفْظَهَا فَمَا نَسِيتُ آيَةً مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَ لَا عِلْماً أَمْلَاهُ عَلَيَّ وَ كَتَبْتُهُ مُنْذُ دَعَا اللَّهَ لِي بِمَا دَعَا
Thus, whatever was Revealed unto Rasool-Allah-saww a Verse from the Quran except that he-saww recited it and dictated it to me-asws. So I-asws wrote it down by my-asws own handwriting, and he-saww taught me-asws its explanation and its interpretation, and its Abrogating and its Abrogated, and its Decisive and its Allegorical, and its particular and its general. And he-saww supplicated to Allah-azwj that He-azwj should Give me-asws its understanding and its preservation. So I did not forget a Verse from the Book of Allah-azwj, nor any knowledge dictated unto me-asws, and I-asws wrote it down since he-saww supplicated to Allah-azwj for me-asws with what he-saww supplicated.
وَ مَا تَرَكَ شَيْئاً عَلَّمَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ حَلَالٍ وَ لَا حَرَامٍ وَ لَا أَمْرٍ وَ لَا نَهْيٍ كَانَ أَوْ يَكُونُ وَ لَا كِتَابٍ مُنْزَلٍ عَلَى أَحَدٍ قَبْلَهُ مِنْ طَاعَةٍ أَوْ مَعْصِيَةٍ إِلَّا عَلَّمَنِيهِ وَ حَفِظْتُهُ فَلَمْ أَنْسَ حَرْفاً وَاحِداً
And I did not neglect anything which Allah-azwj had Taught him-saww, neither from the Permissible nor Prohibition, nor a Command, nor a Forbiddance, occurrences of the past or that of the future, not a Book Revealed unto anyone before him-saww, from an obedience or a disobedience, except that he-saww let me-asws know of it and I-asws preserved it. Thus, I-asws did not forget a single letter.
ثُمَّ وَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى صَدْرِي وَ دَعَا اللَّهَ لِي أَنْ يَمْلَأَ قَلْبِي عِلْماً وَ فَهْماً وَ حُكْماً وَ نُوراً فَقُلْتُ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَ أُمِّي مُنْذُ دَعَوْتَ اللَّهَ لِي بِمَا دَعَوْتَ لَمْ أَنْسَ شَيْئاً وَ لَمْ يَفُتْنِي شَيْءٌ لَمْ أَكْتُبْهُ أَ فَتَتَخَوَّفُ عَلَيَّ النِّسْيَانَ فِيمَا بَعْدُ فَقَالَ لَا لَسْتُ أَتَخَوَّفُ عَلَيْكَ النِّسْيَانَ وَ الْجَهْلَ .
Then he-saww placed his-saww hand upon my-asws chest and supplicated to Allah-azwj for me-asws that He-azwj should Fill my-asws ‘Qalb’ heart with knowledge, and understanding, and wisdom, and light. So I-asws said: ‘O Prophet-saww of Allah-azwj! By my-asws father-asws and my-asws mother-asws (be for) you-saww! Since you-saww supplicated to Allah-azwj for me-asws with what you-saww supplicated, I-asws never forgot a thing and nothing was missed out by me-asws that I-asws did not write it, but you-saww are (still) fearing the forgetfulness upon me-asws?’ So he-saww said: ‘No. It is not out of fearing the forgetfulness and the ignorance upon you-asws’’.[192]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْخَزَّازِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ مَا بَالُ أَقْوَامٍ يَرْوُونَ عَنْ فُلَانٍ وَ فُلَانٍ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) لَا يُتَّهَمُونَ بِالْكَذِبِ فَيَجِيءُ مِنْكُمْ خِلَافُهُ قَالَ إِنَّ الْحَدِيثَ يُنْسَخُ كَمَا يُنْسَخُ الْقُرْآنُ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from usman Bin Isa, from Abu Ayoub Al Khazzaz, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘What is the matter that the people are reporting from so and so, from Rasool-Allah-saww, you-asws are not accusing them of the lying, and there is coming from you-asws, different to it?’ He-asws said: ‘The Hadeeth Abrogates just as the Quran Abrogates’.[193]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) مَا بَالِي أَسْأَلُكَ عَنِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ فَتُجِيبُنِي فِيهَا بِالْجَوَابِ ثُمَّ يَجِيئُكَ غَيْرِي فَتُجِيبُهُ فِيهَا بِجَوَابٍ آخَرَ فَقَالَ إِنَّا نُجِيبُ النَّاسَ عَلَى الزِّيَادَةِ وَ النُّقْصَانِ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Najran, from Aasim Bin Humeyd, from Mansour Bin Hazim who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘What is the matter that I ask you-asws the question, so you-asws answer me with regards to it with the answer, then there comes to you other than me, so you-asws answer him with another answer, regarding his question?’ So he-asws said: ‘We-asws answer the people sometimes more and sometimes less (as per their merit/status)’.
قَالَ قُلْتُ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) صَدَقُوا عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) أَمْ كَذَبُوا قَالَ بَلْ صَدَقُوا قَالَ قُلْتُ فَمَا بَالُهُمُ اخْتَلَفُوا فَقَالَ أَ مَا تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ كَانَ يَأْتِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَيَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ فَيُجِيبُهُ فِيهَا بِالْجَوَابِ ثُمَّ يُجِيبُهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ مَا يَنْسَخُ ذَلِكَ الْجَوَابَ فَنَسَخَتِ الْأَحَادِيثُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضاً .
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘So inform me about the companions of Rasool-Allah-saww. Were they truthful upon Muhammad-saww or they lied (while reporting)?’ He-asws said: ‘But they (generally) were truthful’. I said, ‘So what is the matter with them that they are differing?’ So he-asws said: ‘Do you not know that the man would come to Rasool-Allah-saww, and he would ask him-saww the question, so he-saww would answer him with regards to it with an answer. Then he-saww would answer him after that what Abrogated that answer. So the Ahadeeth got Abrogated by the other (Ahadeeth)’.[194]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ لِي يَا زِيَادُ مَا تَقُولُ لَوْ أَفْتَيْنَا رَجُلًا مِمَّنْ يَتَوَلَّانَا بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ التَّقِيَّةِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ قَالَ إِنْ أَخَذَ بِهِ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَهُ وَ أَعْظَمُ أَجْراً
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Ali Bin Raib, from Abu Ubeyda,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws, said, ‘He-asws said to me: ‘O Ziyad! What would you be saying if we-asws were to issue a Fatwa to a man from the ones who are in our-asws Wilayah, with something from the dissimulation?’ I said to him-asws, ‘You-asws are more knowing, may I be sacrificed for you-asws’. He-asws said: ‘If he were to take by it, it would be better for him and of greater Recompense’.
وَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى إِنْ أَخَذَ بِهِ أُوجِرَ وَ إِنْ تَرَكَهُ وَ اللَّهِ أَثِمَ .
And in another report, ‘(He-asws said): ‘If he were to take by it, he would be Recompensed, and if he were to neglect it, By Allah-azwj, he would sin’.[195]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ فَأَجَابَنِي ثُمَّ جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْهَا فَأَجَابَهُ بِخِلَافِ مَا أَجَابَنِي ثُمَّ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ آخَرُ فَأَجَابَهُ بِخِلَافِ مَا أَجَابَنِي وَ أَجَابَ صَاحِبِي
Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Al Hassan Bin Ali, from Sa’alba Bin Maymoun, from Zurara Bin Ayn,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws, said, ‘I asked him-asws a question, so he-asws answered me. Then a man came over, so he asked him-asws about it, so he-asws answered differently to what he-asws had answered me. Then another man came over, so he-asws answered him differently to what he-asws had answered me and to what he-asws had answered my companion.
فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ الرَّجُلَانِ قُلْتُ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ رَجُلَانِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ مِنْ شِيعَتِكُمْ قَدِمَا يَسْأَلَانِ فَأَجَبْتَ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بِغَيْرِ مَا أَجَبْتَ بِهِ صَاحِبَهُ فَقَالَ يَا زُرَارَةُ إِنَّ هَذَا خَيْرٌ لَنَا وَ أَبْقَى لَنَا وَ لَكُمْ وَ لَوِ اجْتَمَعْتُمْ عَلَى أَمْرٍ وَاحِدٍ لَصَدَّقَكُمُ النَّاسُ عَلَيْنَا وَ لَكَانَ أَقَلَّ لِبَقَائِنَا وَ بَقَائِكُمْ
So when the two men went out, I said, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! Two men from the people of Al-Iraq, from your-asws Shias came over asking, so you-asws answered one of the two with other than what you-asws answered his companion’. So he-asws said: ‘O Zurara! This is better for us-asws and more remaining for us-asws and for you all. And if they were all to gather upon one matter, the people would (start) believe upon us-asws. But, it would be less for our-asws preservation and your preservation’.
قَالَ ثُمَّ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) شِيعَتُكُمْ لَوْ حَمَلْتُمُوهُمْ عَلَى الْأَسِنَّةِ أَوْ عَلَى النَّارِ لَمَضَوْا وَ هُمْ يَخْرُجُونَ مِنْ عِنْدِكُمْ مُخْتَلِفِينَ قَالَ فَأَجَابَنِي بِمِثْلِ جَوَابِ أَبِيهِ .
He (the narrator) said, ‘Then I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘Your-asws Shia, if you-asws were to carry them upon the arrows or upon the fire, they would be walking (upon these), and they are (now) coming out from your-asws presence, differing’. He (the narrator) said, ‘So he-asws answered me with similar to the answer of his-asws father-asws’.[196]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ نَصْرٍ الْخَثْعَمِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ مَنْ عَرَفَ أَنَّا لَا نَقُولُ إِلَّا حَقّاً فَلْيَكْتَفِ بِمَا يَعْلَمُ مِنَّا فَإِنْ سَمِعَ مِنَّا خِلَافَ مَا يَعْلَمُ فَلْيَعْلَمْ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ دِفَاعٌ مِنَّا عَنْهُ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Nazar Al Khash’amy who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘The one who recognises that we-asws are not saying except for the truth, so let him suffice with what he knows from us-asws. So if he was to hear from us-asws different to what he knows, so let him know that, that is a defence from us-asws, about him’.[197]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى وَ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ جَمِيعاً عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اخْتَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلَانِ مِنْ أَهْلِ دِينِهِ فِي أَمْرٍ كِلَاهُمَا يَرْوِيهِ أَحَدُهُمَا يَأْمُرُ بِأَخْذِهِ وَ الْآخَرُ يَنْهَاهُ عَنْهُ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ فَقَالَ يُرْجِئُهُ حَتَّى يَلْقَى مَنْ يُخْبِرُهُ فَهُوَ فِي سَعَةٍ حَتَّى يَلْقَاهُ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Usman Bin Isa, and Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, altogether from Sama’at,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I asked him-asws about a man upon whom two men from the people of his Religion differ regarding a matter. Both of them are reporting it. One of them is enjoining it and the other one is forbidding from it. How should he deal with it?’ So he-asws said: ‘He should adjourn it until he meets the one who would inform him. Thus, he is in a leeway until he does meet him’.
وَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى بِأَيِّهِمَا أَخَذْتَ مِنْ بَابِ التَّسْلِيمِ وَسِعَكَ .
And in another report, ‘(He-asws said): ‘Whichever of the two you take by from the door of submission, up to you’.[198]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْمُخْتَارِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ أَ رَأَيْتَكَ لَوْ حَدَّثْتُكَ بِحَدِيثٍ الْعَامَ ثُمَّ جِئْتَنِي مِنْ قَابِلٍ فَحَدَّثْتُكَ بِخِلَافِهِ بِأَيِّهِمَا كُنْتَ تَأْخُذُ قَالَ قُلْتُ كُنْتُ آخُذُ بِالْأَخِيرِ فَقَالَ لِي رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Usman Bin Isa, from Al Husayn Bin Al Mukhtar, from one of our companions,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘What is your view if I-asws was to narrate to you with the general Hadeeth, then you come to me in the future, so I-asws narrate to you with one different to it. Which of the two would you be taking by?’ He (the narrator) said, ‘I said. ‘We would take the latest one’. So he-asws said to me: ‘May Allah-azwj have Mercy on you’.[199]
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مَرَّارٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ فَرْقَدٍ عَنِ الْمُعَلَّى بْنِ خُنَيْسٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِذَا جَاءَ حَدِيثٌ عَنْ أَوَّلِكُمْ وَ حَدِيثٌ عَنْ آخِرِكُمْ بِأَيِّهِمَا نَأْخُذُ فَقَالَ خُذُوا بِهِ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَكُمْ عَنِ الْحَيِّ فَإِنْ بَلَغَكُمْ عَنِ الْحَيِّ فَخُذُوا بِقَوْلِهِ
And from him, from his father, from Ismail Bin Marrar, from Yunus, from Dawood Bin Farqad, from Al Moalla Bin Khunays who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘When there comes a Hadeeth from your-asws former ones-asws, and a Hadeeth from your-asws later ones-asws, by which of these two should we take?’ So he-asws said, ‘Be taking with it until there reached you all from the living one-asws. So when there does reach you from the living one-asws, so adhere to his-asws words’.
قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنَّا وَ اللَّهِ لَا نُدْخِلُكُمْ إِلَّا فِيمَا يَسَعُكُمْ
He (the narrator) said, ‘Then Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘We-asws, by Allah-azwj, do not enter you all into anything except in what there is ease for you’.
وَ فِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ خُذُوا بِالْأَحْدَثِ .
And in another report, ‘(He-asws said): ‘Take by the Hadeeth’.[200]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَنْظَلَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا بَيْنَهُمَا مُنَازَعَةٌ فِي دَيْنٍ أَوْ مِيرَاثٍ فَتَحَاكَمَا إِلَى السُّلْطَانِ وَ إِلَى الْقُضَاةِ أَ يَحِلُّ ذَلِكَ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Dawood Bin Al Husayn, from Umar Bin Hanzala who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about two men from our companions between who there was a dispute regarding a debt or an inheritance. So, they both adjudicated it to the ruling authority and to the judges. Is that permissible?’
قَالَ مَنْ تَحَاكَمَ إِلَيْهِمْ فِي حَقٍّ أَوْ بَاطِلٍ فَإِنَّمَا تَحَاكَمَ إِلَى الطَّاغُوتِ وَ مَا يَحْكُمُ لَهُ فَإِنَّمَا يَأْخُذُ سُحْتاً وَ إِنْ كَانَ حَقّاً ثَابِتاً لِأَنَّهُ أَخَذَهُ بِحُكْمِ الطَّاغُوتِ وَ قَدْ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يُكْفَرَ بِهِ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يَتَحاكَمُوا إِلَى الطَّاغُوتِ وَ قَدْ أُمِرُوا أَنْ يَكْفُرُوا بِهِ
He-asws said: ‘The one who adjudicates to them regarding a right or a wrong, so rather he has adjudicated to the tyrant, and whatever they adjudicate to him, so rather he has taken an ill-gotten gain, and even though it may be a proven right, because he has taken it by a judgment of the tyrant, and Allah-azwj has Commanded that he disbelieves in it. [4:60] They desire to summon one another to the judgement of the tyrant, though they were Commanded to deny him.
قُلْتُ فَكَيْفَ يَصْنَعَانِ قَالَ يَنْظُرَانِ إِلَى مَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مِمَّنْ قَدْ رَوَى حَدِيثَنَا وَ نَظَرَ فِي حَلَالِنَا وَ حَرَامِنَا وَ عَرَفَ أَحْكَامَنَا فَلْيَرْضَوْا بِهِ حَكَماً فَإِنِّي قَدْ جَعَلْتُهُ عَلَيْكُمْ حَاكِماً فَإِذَا حَكَمَ بِحُكْمِنَا فَلَمْ يَقْبَلْهُ مِنْهُ فَإِنَّمَا اسْتَخَفَّ بِحُكْمِ اللَّهِ وَ عَلَيْنَا رَدَّ وَ الرَّادُّ عَلَيْنَا الرَّادُّ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَ هُوَ عَلَى حَدِّ الشِّرْكِ بِاللَّهِ
I said, ‘So how should they both be dealing with it?’ He-asws said: ‘They should both take it for consideration to the one who was from you, from the one who have reported our-asws Ahadeeth and looks into our-asws Pemissible and our-asws Prohibition, and he recognises our-asws regulations. So let them both be pleased with him as a judge, for I-asws have made him to be a judge upon you (to settle their dispute). So when he does judge by our-asws judgment and it is not accepted from him, so rather you would have taken lightly with the Judgment of Allah-azwj, and upon us-asws is the rejection. And the rejection upon us-asws, is the rejection upon Allah-azwj, and he would be upon the boundary of the Shirk (association) with Allah-azwj’.
قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ اخْتَارَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا فَرَضِيَا أَنْ يَكُونَا النَّاظِرَيْنِ فِي حَقِّهِمَا وَ اخْتَلَفَا فِيمَا حَكَمَا وَ كِلَاهُمَا اخْتَلَفَا فِي حَدِيثِكُمْ قَالَ الْحُكْمُ مَا حَكَمَ بِهِ أَعْدَلُهُمَا وَ أَفْقَهُهُمَا وَ أَصْدَقُهُمَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ وَ أَوْرَعُهُمَا وَ لَا يَلْتَفِتْ إِلَى مَا يَحْكُمُ بِهِ الْآخَرُ
I said, ‘Supposing it was so that each man chooses a man each from our companions, so they are both pleased for them both to look into their rights, and they both differ in their respective judgments, and both of them differ regarding your-asws Hadeeth?’ He-asws said: ‘The judgment would what is judged by the one who is more just of the two, and more understanding of the two, or the more truthful of the two regarding the Hadeeth, or the more pious of the two, and he would not turn to what the other one judged with’.
قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُمَا عَدْلَانِ مَرْضِيَّانِ عِنْدَ أَصْحَابِنَا لَا يُفَضَّلُ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا عَلَى الْآخَرِ قَالَ فَقَالَ يُنْظَرُ إِلَى مَا كَانَ مِنْ رِوَايَتِهِمْ عَنَّا فِي ذَلِكَ الَّذِي حَكَمَا بِهِ الْمُجْمَعُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِكَ فَيُؤْخَذُ بِهِ مِنْ حُكْمِنَا وَ يُتْرَكُ الشَّاذُّ الَّذِي لَيْسَ بِمَشْهُورٍ عِنْدَ أَصْحَابِكَ فَإِنَّ الْمُجْمَعَ عَلَيْهِ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘Supposing both of them are just, agreeable in the presence of our companions, not one of the two having any merit upon the other?’ So he-asws said: ‘You would look at what was from their reports from us-asws regarding that (issue) which they are judging with, and consensus upon it from your companions. So they should be taking with our-asws judgment and neglect the abnormal which is not well-known among your companions. So the consensus would be upon which there is no doubt in it.
وَ إِنَّمَا الْأُمُورُ ثَلَاثَةٌ أَمْرٌ بَيِّنٌ رُشْدُهُ فَيُتَّبَعُ وَ أَمْرٌ بَيِّنٌ غَيُّهُ فَيُجْتَنَبُ وَ أَمْرٌ مُشْكِلٌ يُرَدُّ عِلْمُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ إِلَى رَسُولِهِ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) حَلَالٌ بَيِّنٌ وَ حَرَامٌ بَيِّنٌ وَ شُبُهَاتٌ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ فَمَنْ تَرَكَ الشُّبُهَاتِ نَجَا مِنَ الْمُحَرَّمَاتِ وَ مَنْ أَخَذَ بِالشُّبُهَاتِ ارْتَكَبَ الْمُحَرَّمَاتِ وَ هَلَكَ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَعْلَمُ
And rather, the matters are three (types) – a matter which is clearly righteous guidance, so you would follow it, and a matter which is clearly wrong, so you would keep aside from it, and a matter which is difficult, you would return its knowledge to Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww. Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The Permissible are clear, and the Prohibitions are clear, and the doubtful ones are between that. So the one who neglects the doubtful would be saved from the Prohibitions, and the one who takes the doubtful would indulge in the Prohibitions and be destroyed from where he does not even know’.
قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَ الْخَبَرَانِ عَنْكُمَا مَشْهُورَيْنِ قَدْ رَوَاهُمَا الثِّقَاتُ عَنْكُمْ قَالَ يُنْظَرُ فَمَا وَافَقَ حُكْمُهُ حُكْمَ الْكِتَابِ وَ السُّنَّةِ وَ خَالَفَ الْعَامَّةَ فَيُؤْخَذُ بِهِ وَ يُتْرَكُ مَا خَالَفَ حُكْمُهُ حُكْمَ الْكِتَابِ وَ السُّنَّةِ وَ وَافَقَ الْعَامَّةَ
I said, ‘Supposing there are two Ahadeeth from you, both well known, both having been reported by the trustworthy ones from you-asws?’ He-asws said: ‘It would be looked into. So whatever judgment was in accordance with the Judgment of the Book and the Sunnah, and differs from the general Muslims, so it would be taken with, and whatever judgment was different from the Judgment of the Book and the Sunnah, and in accordance with the general Muslims, would be neglected’.
قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَانَ الْفَقِيهَانِ عَرَفَا حُكْمَهُ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَ السُّنَّةِ وَ وَجَدْنَا أَحَدَ الْخَبَرَيْنِ مُوَافِقاً لِلْعَامَّةِ وَ الْآخَرَ مُخَالِفاً لَهُمْ بِأَيِّ الْخَبَرَيْنِ يُؤْخَذُ قَالَ مَا خَالَفَ الْعَامَّةَ فَفِيهِ الرَّشَادُ
I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! What is your-asws view if they were both understanding ones, both recognising its judgment from the Book and the Sunnah, and we find one of the two Ahadeeth in accordance with the general Muslims and the other one opposed to them. With which of the two Ahadeeth would be it taken?’ He-asws said: ‘Whatever opposes the general Muslims, for there would be righteous guidance therein’.
فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فَإِنْ وَافَقَهُمَا الْخَبَرَانِ جَمِيعاً قَالَ يُنْظَرُ إِلَى مَا هُمْ إِلَيْهِ أَمْيَلُ حُكَّامُهُمْ وَ قُضَاتُهُمْ فَيُتْرَكُ وَ يُؤْخَذُ بِالْآخَرِ
So I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! Supposing if both of the two Ahadeeth are in accordance together?’ He-asws said: ‘It would be looked at what their rulers and their judges are inclined towards, so you would leave it, and be taking with the other one’.
قُلْتُ فَإِنْ وَافَقَ حُكَّامُهُمُ الْخَبَرَيْنِ جَمِيعاً قَالَ إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ فَأَرْجِهْ حَتَّى تَلْقَى إِمَامَكَ فَإِنَّ الْوُقُوفَ عِنْدَ الشُّبُهَاتِ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الِاقْتِحَامِ فِي الْهَلَكَاتِ .
I said, ‘Supposing their rulers and their judges are all concordant?’ He-asws said: ‘When it was that, so wait until you meet your Imam-asws, for the pausing during the doubtful matters is better than storming into the destruction’.[201]
بَابُ الْأَخْذِ بِالسُّنَّةِ وَ شَوَاهِدِ الْكِتَابِ
Chapter 22 – The taking by the Sunnah and the evidence of the Book (Quran)
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) إِنَّ عَلَى كُلِّ حَقٍّ حَقِيقَةً وَ عَلَى كُلِّ صَوَابٍ نُوراً فَمَا وَافَقَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ فَخُذُوهُ وَ مَا خَالَفَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ فَدَعُوهُ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Upon every truth there is a reality, and upon everything correct there is a light. So, whatever is in accordance to the Book of Allah-azwj, take it, and whatever differs from the Book of Allah-azwj, so leave it’.[202]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ قَالَ وَ حَدَّثَنِي حُسَيْنُ بْنُ أَبِي الْعَلَاءِ أَنَّهُ حَضَرَ ابْنَ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ فِي هَذَا الْمَجْلِسِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنِ اخْتِلَافِ الْحَدِيثِ يَرْوِيهِ مَنْ نَثِقُ بِهِ وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ لَا نَثِقُ بِهِ قَالَ إِذَا وَرَدَ عَلَيْكُمْ حَدِيثٌ فَوَجَدْتُمْ لَهُ شَاهِداً مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ أَوْ مِنْ قَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) وَ إِلَّا فَالَّذِي جَاءَكُمْ بِهِ أَوْلَى بِهِ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Abdullah Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, fro Aban Bin Usman, from Abdullah Bin Abu Yafour who said, ‘And it was narrated to me by Husayn Bin Abu Al A’ala that he was present with Ibn Abu Yafour in this gathering where he said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the differing in the Ahadeeth being reported by the ones we trust with it and the ones we do not trust with it’. He-asws said: ‘Whenever a Hadeeth arrives to you and you find evidence for it from the Book of Allah-azwj, or from the words of Rasool-Allah-saww (fine), or else, the one which came to you which was the closest with it (the Book)’.[203]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ الْحُرِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ مَرْدُودٌ إِلَى الْكِتَابِ وَ السُّنَّةِ وَ كُلُّ حَدِيثٍ لَا يُوَافِقُ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ فَهُوَ زُخْرُفٌ.
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from his father, from Al Nazar Bin Suwed, from Yahya Al Halby, from Ayoub Bin Al Hurr who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘Everything is to be referred to the Book and the Sunnah, and every Hadeeth which is not in accordance with the Book of Allah-azwj, so it is a décor (useless statement)’.[204]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَا لَمْ يُوَافِقْ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ الْقُرْآنَ فَهُوَ زُخْرُفٌ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ibn Fazzal, from Ali Bin Uqba, from Ayoub Bin Rashid,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Whatever from the Hadeeth is not in accordance with the Quran, so it is a décor’.[205]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ وَ غَيْرِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ خَطَبَ النَّبِيُّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) بِمِنًى فَقَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ مَا جَاءَكُمْ عَنِّي يُوَافِقُ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ فَأَنَا قُلْتُهُ وَ مَا جَاءَكُمْ يُخَالِفُ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ فَلَمْ أَقُلْهُ .
Muhamad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazan, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Al Hakam and someone else,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The prophet-saww addressed at Mina, so he-saww said: ‘O you people! Whatever comes to you all from me-saww which is in accordance with the Book of Allah-azwj, so I-saww have said it, and whatever comes to you opposing the Book of Allah-azwj, so I-saww did not say it’’.[206]
وَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ مَنْ خَالَفَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ وَ سُنَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَقَدْ كَفَرَ .
And by this chain, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from one of his companions who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘The one who opposes the Book of Allah-azwj and the Sunnah of Muhammad-saww, so he has disbelieved’.[207]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنَّ أَفْضَلَ الْأَعْمَالِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مَا عُمِلَ بِالسُّنَّةِ وَ إِنْ قَلَّ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ubeyd, from Yunus, raising it, said,
‘Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws said: ‘The most superior of the deeds in the Presence of Allah-azwj is what is performed by (following) the Sunnah, and even though it may be little’.[208]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْقَمَّاطِ وَ صَالِحِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ تَغْلِبَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ فَأَجَابَ فِيهَا قَالَ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ إِنَّ الْفُقَهَاءَ لَا يَقُولُونَ هَذَا فَقَالَ يَا وَيْحَكَ وَ هَلْ رَأَيْتَ فَقِيهاً قَطُّ إِنَّ الْفَقِيهَ حَقَّ الْفَقِيهِ الزَّاهِدُ فِي الدُّنْيَا الرَّاغِبُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ الْمُتَمَسِّكُ بِسُنَّةِ النَّبِيِّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Ismail Bin Mihran, from Abu Saeed Al Qammat and Salih Bin Saeed, from Aban Bin Taghlub,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws, said, ‘He-asws was asked a question, and he-asws answered with regards to it. So the man said, ‘The jurists are not saying this!’ So he-asws said: ‘O woe be unto you! And have you ever seen a jurist at all?’ A jurist who is rightfully a jurist is the one ascetic in the world, the desirous regarding the Hereafter, the one attached with the Sunnah of the Prophet-saww’.[209]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْأَزْدِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ الْعَبْدِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) لَا قَوْلَ إِلَّا بِعَمَلٍ وَ لَا قَوْلَ وَ لَا عَمَلَ إِلَّا بِنِيَّةٍ وَ لَا قَوْلَ وَ لَا عَمَلَ وَ لَا نِيَّةَ إِلَّا بِإِصَابَةِ السُّنَّةِ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from his father, from Abu Ismail Ibrahim Bin Is’haq Al Azdy, from Abu Usman Al Abady,
(It has been narrated) from Ja’far-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws, from Amir Al-Momineen-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘There is no word except with the deed, and there is neither a word nor a deed except with an intention, and there is neither a word nor a deed nor an intention except with attaining the Sunnah’.[210]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ مَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا وَ لَهُ شِرَّةٌ وَ فَتْرَةٌ فَمَنْ كَانَتْ فَتْرَتُهُ إِلَى سُنَّةٍ فَقَدِ اهْتَدَى وَ مَنْ كَانَتْ فَتْرَتُهُ إِلَى بِدْعَةٍ فَقَدْ غَوَى .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ahmad Bin Al Nazar, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘There is no one except there is for him vigour and calmness. So the one who was such that his calmness leads him to a Sunnah, so he has been guided, and the one who was such that his calmness leads him to an innovation, so he has deviated’.[211]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَسَّانَ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَسَّانَ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ كُلُّ مَنْ تَعَدَّى السُّنَّةَ رُدَّ إِلَى السُّنَّةِ .
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Barqy, from Ali Bin Hassan and Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Salma Bin Al Khattab, from Ali Bin Hassan, from Musa Bin Bakr, from Zurara Bin Ayn,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Everyone who exceeds the Sunnah should be returned back to the Sunnah’.[212]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ( عليهم السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) السُّنَّةُ سُنَّتَانِ سُنَّةٌ فِي فَرِيضَةٍ الْأَخْذُ بِهَا هُدًى وَ تَرْكُهَا ضَلَالَةٌ وَ سُنَّةٌ فِي غَيْرِ فَرِيضَةٍ الْأَخْذُ بِهَا فَضِيلَةٌ وَ تَرْكُهَا إِلَى غَيْرِ خَطِيئَةٍ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Nowfal, from Al Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘The Sunnah are two (types of) Sunnah – A Sunnah regarding an Obligation, the taking by it is guidance and the neglecting it is a straying; and a Sunnah regarding other than an Obligation, the taking by it is a merit and the neglecting it to other (matter instead) is a sin’.[213]
تَمَّ كِتَابُ فَضْلِ الْعِلْمِ وَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ وَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّاهِرِينَ .
The Book of the merits of the knowledge is completed, and the Praise is for Allah-azwj, Lord-azwj of the worlds, and may Allah-azwj Send Salawat upon Muhammad-saww and his-saww Purified Progeny-asws.
كِتَابُ التَّوْحِيدِ
The Book of Tawheed (Oneness of Allah-azwj)
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم الحمد لله رب العالمين، وصلى الله على سيدنا محمد وآله الطاهرين، وسلم تسليما.
In the Name of Allah-azwj the Beneficent, the Merciful. The Praise is for Allah-azwj Lord-azwj of the Worlds, and Blessing be upon our Chief Muhammad-saww and his-saww Purified Progeny-asws, and greetings with abundant greetings.
بَابُ حُدُوثِ الْعَالَمِ وَ إِثْبَاتِ الْمُحْدِثِ
Chapter 1 – The Occurrence of the universe and the proof of the Originator
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ قَالَ لِي هِشَامُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ كَانَ بِمِصْرَ زِنْدِيقٌ تَبْلُغُهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَشْيَاءُ فَخَرَجَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لِيُنَاظِرَهُ فَلَمْ يُصَادِفْهُ بِهَا وَ قِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّهُ خَارِجٌ بِمَكَّةَ فَخَرَجَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ وَ نَحْنُ مَعَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَصَادَفَنَا وَ نَحْنُ مَعَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي الطَّوَافِ وَ كَانَ اسْمُهُ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ وَ كُنْيَتُهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ
Abu Ja’far Muhammad Bin Yaqoub informed us saying, ‘Ali Bin Ibrahim Bin Hashim narrated to me, from his father, from Al Hassan Bin Ibrahim, from Yunus Bin Abdul Rahman, from Ali Bin Mansour who said, ‘Hisham Bin Al Hakam said to me,
‘There was an atheist in Egypt. Certain things about Abu Abdullah-asws reached him. So he went out to Al-Medina in order to debate with him-asws. But he could not come across him-asws, and it was said to him that he-asws had gone out to Makkah. So he went out to Makkah, and we were with Abu Abdullah-asws. So he came across us while we were with Abu Abdullah-asws during the Tawaaf; and it was so that his name was Abdul Malik (Slave of the king) and his teknonym was Abu Abdullah (Father of the slave of Allah-azwj).
فَضَرَبَ كَتِفَهُ كَتِفَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) مَا اسْمُكَ فَقَالَ اسْمِي عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ قَالَ فَمَا كُنْيَتُكَ قَالَ كُنْيَتِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَمَنْ هَذَا الْمَلِكُ الَّذِي أَنْتَ عَبْدُهُ أَ مِنْ مُلُوكِ الْأَرْضِ أَمْ مِنْ مُلُوكِ السَّمَاءِ وَ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ ابْنِكَ عَبْدُ إِلَهِ السَّمَاءِ أَمْ عَبْدُ إِلَهِ الْأَرْضِ قُلْ مَا شِئْتَ تُخْصَمُ
So he struck his own shoulder with the shoulder of Abu Abdullah-asws. So Abu Abdullah-asws said to him: ‘What is your name?’ So he said, ‘My name is Abdul Malik (Slave of the king)’. He-asws said: ‘So what is your teknonym?’ He said, ‘My teknonym is Abu Abdullah (Father of the slave of Allah-azwj)’. So Abu Abdullah-asws said to him: ‘So who is this king whose slave you are? Is he from the kings of the earth or from the kings of the sky? And, inform me-asws about your son, is he a slave of a god of the sky, or a slave of a god of the earth? Say whatever you like, it would be against you’.
قَالَ هِشَامُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ فَقُلْتُ لِلزِّنْدِيقِ أَ مَا تَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ فَقَبَّحَ قَوْلِي فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِذَا فَرَغْتُ مِنَ الطَّوَافِ فَأْتِنَا فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَتَاهُ الزِّنْدِيقُ فَقَعَدَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَ نَحْنُ مُجْتَمِعُونَ عِنْدَهُ
Hisham Bin Al-Hakam said, ‘So I said to the atheist, ‘You are not replying to him-asws?’ So he disliked my words. So Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘When we are free from the Tawaaf, then come over to us’. So when Abu Abdullah-asws was free, the atheist came over to him-asws, and he sat himself in front of Abu Abdullah-asws, and we gathered in his-asws presence.
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) لِلزِّنْدِيقِ أَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ لِلْأَرْضِ تَحْتاً وَ فَوْقاً قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَدَخَلْتَ تَحْتَهَا قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَمَا يُدْرِيكَ مَا تَحْتَهَا قَالَ لَا أَدْرِي إِلَّا أَنِّي أَظُنُّ أَنْ لَيْسَ تَحْتَهَا شَيْءٌ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَالظَّنُّ عَجْزٌ لِمَا لَا تَسْتَيْقِنُ
So Abu Abdullah-asws said to the atheist: ‘Do you know that for the earth there is an underneath and an above?’ He said, ‘Yes’. He-asws said: ‘So have you entered its underneath?’ He said, ‘No’. He-asws said: ‘So what would make you know what is underneath it?’ He said, ‘I don’t know except that I guess that there is nothing underneath it’. So Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘So the guess shows the ‘عَجْزٌ’ (inability) due to what you are not certain of’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَ فَصَعِدْتَ السَّمَاءَ قَالَ لَا قَالَ أَ فَتَدْرِي مَا فِيهَا قَالَ لَا قَالَ عَجَباً لَكَ لَمْ تَبْلُغِ الْمَشْرِقَ وَ لَمْ تَبْلُغِ الْمَغْرِبَ وَ لَمْ تَنْزِلِ الْأَرْضَ وَ لَمْ تَصْعَدِ السَّمَاءَ وَ لَمْ تَجُزْ هُنَاكَ فَتَعْرِفَ مَا خَلْفَهُنَّ وَ أَنْتَ جَاحِدٌ بِمَا فِيهِنَّ وَ هَلْ يَجْحَدُ الْعَاقِلُ مَا لَا يَعْرِفُ قَالَ الزِّنْدِيقُ مَا كَلَّمَنِي بِهَذَا أَحَدٌ غَيْرُكَ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَأَنْتَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فِي شَكٍّ فَلَعَلَّهُ هُوَ وَ لَعَلَّهُ لَيْسَ هُوَ فَقَالَ الزِّنْدِيقُ وَ لَعَلَّ ذَلِكَ
Then Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘So have you ascended to the sky?’ He said, ‘No’. He-asws said: ‘Do you know what is therein?’ He said, ‘No’. He-asws said: ‘It is strange for you that you have not reached the west and not descended into the earth and not ascended to the sky, and not exceeded over there as to what is behind these, and you are denying with what is in these? And would the intellectual deny what he does not recognise?’ The atheist said, ‘No one has spoken with me by this apart from you-asws’. So Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘So you are in doubt with regards to that. So perhaps He-azwj is (Existent), and perhaps He-azwj is not (Existent)’. So the atheist said: ‘And perhaps it is that’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَيُّهَا الرَّجُلُ لَيْسَ لِمَنْ لَا يَعْلَمُ حُجَّةٌ عَلَى مَنْ يَعْلَمُ وَ لَا حُجَّةَ لِلْجَاهِلِ يَا أَخَا أَهْلِ مِصْرَ تَفْهَمُ عَنِّي فَإِنَّا لَا نَشُكُّ فِي اللَّهِ أَبَداً أَ مَا تَرَى الشَّمْسَ وَ الْقَمَرَ وَ اللَّيْلَ وَ النَّهَارَ يَلِجَانِ فَلَا يَشْتَبِهَانِ وَ يَرْجِعَانِ قَدِ اضْطُرَّا لَيْسَ لَهُمَا مَكَانٌ إِلَّا مَكَانُهُمَا فَإِنْ كَانَا يَقْدِرَانِ عَلَى أَنْ يَذْهَبَا فَلِمَ يَرْجِعَانِ وَ إِنْ كَانَا غَيْرَ مُضْطَرَّيْنِ فَلِمَ لَا يَصِيرُ اللَّيْلُ نَهَاراً وَ النَّهَارُ لَيْلًا اضْطُرَّا وَ اللَّهِ يَا أَخَا أَهْلِ مِصْرَ إِلَى دَوَامِهِمَا وَ الَّذِي اضْطَرَّهُمَا أَحْكَمُ مِنْهُمَا وَ أَكْبَرُ فَقَالَ الزِّنْدِيقُ صَدَقْتَ
So Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘O you man! There is no argument for the one who does not know over the one who does know, and there is no argument for the ignorance either. O brother of the people of Egypt! Understand about me-asws, for we-asws do not doubt regarding Allah-azwj, ever! But, do you not see the sun and the moon, and the night and the day following their course, so they do not get confused and do not retract, (but are) being Forced? There is no place for them except for their respective placing. So if they had power upon the going, they would not be returning, and if they were not being Forced, the night would not become a day, and the day, a night. They are being forced. By Allah-azwj, O brother of the people of Egypt! The One-azwj Who Forces them to their shifts is more Wiser than both of them and greater’. So the atheist said, ‘You-asws speak the truth’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَا أَخَا أَهْلِ مِصْرَ إِنَّ الَّذِي تَذْهَبُونَ إِلَيْهِ وَ تَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُ الدَّهْرُ إِنْ كَانَ الدَّهْرُ يَذْهَبُ بِهِمْ لِمَ لَا يَرُدُّهُمْ وَ إِنْ كَانَ يَرُدُّهُمْ لِمَ لَا يَذْهَبُ بِهِمُ الْقَوْمُ مُضْطَرُّونَ
Then Abu Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘O brother of the people of Egypt! That what they (people) are going towards, and you are thinking that it is the time. If it was the time going with them, why is it not returning them, and if it was returning them, why is it not going with them. The people are being Forced.
يَا أَخَا أَهْلِ مِصْرَ لِمَ السَّمَاءُ مَرْفُوعَةٌ وَ الْأَرْضُ مَوْضُوعَةٌ لِمَ لَا يَسْقُطُ السَّمَاءُ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ لِمَ لَا تَنْحَدِرُ الْأَرْضُ فَوْقَ طِبَاقِهَا وَ لَا يَتَمَاسَكَانِ وَ لَا يَتَمَاسَكُ مَنْ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ الزِّنْدِيقُ أَمْسَكَهُمَا اللَّهُ رَبُّهُمَا وَ سَيِّدُهُمَا
O brother of the people of Egypt! Why is the sky elevated and the earth is laid? Why doesn’t the sky fall upon the earth? Why doesn’t the earth stoop above its layers, and they are neither attached nor are they attached to the ones above it?’ The atheist said, ‘Allah-azwj their Lord-azwj and their Master Keeps them attached’.
قَالَ فَآمَنَ الزِّنْدِيقُ عَلَى يَدَيْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَقَالَ لَهُ حُمْرَانُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنْ آمَنَتِ الزَّنَادِقَةُ عَلَى يَدِكَ فَقَدْ آمَنَ الْكُفَّارُ عَلَى يَدَيْ أَبِيكَ فَقَالَ الْمُؤْمِنُ الَّذِي آمَنَ عَلَى يَدَيْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) اجْعَلْنِي مِنْ تَلَامِذَتِكَ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَا هِشَامَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ خُذْهُ إِلَيْكَ وَ عَلِّمْهُ فَعَلَّمَهُ هِشَامٌ فَكَانَ مُعَلِّمَ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ وَ أَهْلِ مِصْرَ الْإِيمَانَ وَ حَسُنَتْ طَهَارَتُهُ حَتَّى رَضِيَ بِهَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ .
He (the narrator) said, ‘So the atheists believed upon the hands of Abu Abdullah-asws. So Humran said to him-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! If the atheist professed belief upon your-asws hands, so the disbelievers had professed belief upon the hands of your-asws father-asws’. So the Believer who had just professed belief upon the hands of Abu Abdullah-asws said, ‘Make me to be from your-asws students’. So Abu Abdullah-asws said, ‘O Hisham Bin Al-Hakam! Keep him to yourself (company) and teach him’. So Hisham taught him, and he became a teacher of the people of Eman in Syria and the people of Egypt, and his purity was good to the extent that Abu Abdullah-asws was pleased with him’.[214]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَسِّنٍ الْمِيثَمِيِّ قَالَ كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي مَنْصُورٍ الْمُتَطَبِّبِ فَقَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِي قَالَ كُنْتُ أَنَا وَ ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ وَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُقَفَّعِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ فَقَالَ ابْنُ الْمُقَفَّعِ تَرَوْنَ هَذَا الْخَلْقَ وَ أَوْمَأَ بِيَدِهِ إِلَى مَوْضِعِ الطَّوَافِ مَا مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ أُوجِبُ لَهُ اسْمَ الْإِنْسَانِيَّةِ إِلَّا ذَلِكَ الشَّيْخُ الْجَالِسُ يَعْنِي أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ ( عليه السلام ) فَأَمَّا الْبَاقُونَ فَرَعَاعٌ وَ بَهَائِمُ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Muhammad Bin Ali, from Abdul Rahman Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Hashim, from Ahmad Bin Muhassin Al Maysami who said,
‘I was in the presence of Abu Mansour Al-Mutatabbib, so he said, ‘A man from my companions informed me saying, ‘I and Ibn Abu Al-Awja’a and Abdullah Bin Al-Muqaff’a were in the Sacred Masjid. So Ibn Al-Muqaff’a said, ‘Are you seeing these people?’, and he gestured by his hand to the place of the Tawaaf, ‘There is none from them for whom the name ‘Human being’ can be obligated except for that Sheikh, the seated one’, meaning Abu Abdullah Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws. ‘So, as for the remainder, they are riff-raff and animals’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ وَ كَيْفَ أَوْجَبْتَ هَذَا الِاسْمَ لِهَذَا الشَّيْخِ دُونَ هَؤُلَاءِ قَالَ لِأَنِّي رَأَيْتُ عِنْدَهُ مَا لَمْ أَرَهُ عِنْدَهُمْ فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ لَا بُدَّ مِنِ اخْتِبَارِ مَا قُلْتَ فِيهِ مِنْهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ الْمُقَفَّعِ لَا تَفْعَلْ فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ يُفْسِدَ عَلَيْكَ مَا فِي يَدِكَ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ ذَا رَأْيَكَ وَ لَكِنْ تَخَافُ أَنْ يَضْعُفَ رَأْيُكَ عِنْدِي فِي إِحْلَالِكَ إِيَّاهُ الْمَحَلَّ الَّذِي وَصَفْتَ فَقَالَ ابْنُ الْمُقَفَّعِ أَمَّا إِذَا تَوَهَّمْتَ عَلَيَّ هَذَا فَقُمْ إِلَيْهِ وَ تَحَفَّظْ مَا اسْتَطَعْتَ مِنَ الزَّلَلِ وَ لَا تَثْنِي عِنَانَكَ إِلَى اسْتِرْسَالٍ فَيُسَلِّمَكَ إِلَى عِقَالٍ وَ سِمْهُ مَا لَكَ أَوْ عَلَيْكَ
So Ibn Abu Al-Awja’a said to him, ‘And how is this name obligated for this Sheikh beside those?’ He said, ‘Because I saw in his-asws presence what I did not see in their presence’. So Ibn Abu Al-Awja’a said to him, ‘It is inevitable to examine what you said regarding him-asws’. So Ibn Al-Muqaff’a said to him, ‘Don’t do it, for I fear that you would spoil upon yourself whatever is in your hands’. So he said, ‘That is not your view. But, you are fearing that your opinion would be weakened in my presence regarding your substantiating the adornment which you described him-asws with’. So Ibn Al-Muqaff’a said, ‘As for that, so this is your accusation upon me. So go to him-asws and protect yourself as much as you can from the blunders, and discourage yourself from the long-windedness for he-asws will submit you to the fetters, and note down what (argument) is for you and what is against you’.
قَالَ فَقَامَ ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ وَ بَقِيتُ أَنَا وَ ابْنُ الْمُقَفَّعِ جَالِسَيْنِ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ إِلَيْنَا ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ قَالَ وَيْلَكَ يَا ابْنَ الْمُقَفَّعِ مَا هَذَا بِبَشَرٍ وَ إِنْ كَانَ فِي الدُّنْيَا رُوحَانِيٌّ يَتَجَسَّدُ إِذَا شَاءَ ظَاهِراً وَ يَتَرَوَّحُ إِذَا شَاءَ بَاطِناً فَهُوَ هَذَا فَقَالَ لَهُ وَ كَيْفَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ جَلَسْتُ إِلَيْهِ فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَبْقَ عِنْدَهُ غَيْرِي ابْتَدَأَنِي فَقَالَ إِنْ يَكُنِ الْأَمْرُ عَلَى مَا يَقُولُ هَؤُلَاءِ وَ هُوَ عَلَى مَا يَقُولُونَ يَعْنِي أَهْلَ الطَّوَافِ فَقَدْ سَلِمُوا وَ عَطِبْتُمْ وَ إِنْ يَكُنِ الْأَمْرُ عَلَى مَا تَقُولُونَ وَ لَيْسَ كَمَا تَقُولُونَ فَقَدِ اسْتَوَيْتُمْ وَ هُمْ
He (the narrator) said, ‘So Ibn Abu A-Awja’a arose, and there remained myself and Ibn Al-Muqaff’a, both seated. So when Ibn Abu Al-Awja’a returned back to us, he said, ‘Woe be unto you, O Ibn Al-Muqaff’a! This is not a human being. And if there was a spiritual one embodied in the world, whenever he so desires to he appears and be a spirit being hidden whenever he so desires to, so it is this one!’ So he said to him, ‘And how is that so?’ He said, ‘I was seated (in front) of him-asws. So when there did not remain anyone else in his-asws presence apart from me, he-asws initiated me and he-asws said: ‘If the matter is upon what they are saying, and it is upon what they are saying, meaning the people of the Tawaaf, so they are saved and you would be damaged, and if the matter is upon what you are saying, and it is not like what you are saying it to be, so you and they would be the same’.
فَقُلْتُ لَهُ يَرْحَمُكَ اللَّهُ وَ أَيَّ شَيْءٍ نَقُولُ وَ أَيَّ شَيْءٍ يَقُولُونَ مَا قَوْلِي وَ قَوْلُهُمْ إِلَّا وَاحِدٌ فَقَالَ وَ كَيْفَ يَكُونُ قَوْلُكَ وَ قَوْلُهُمْ وَاحِداً وَ هُمْ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ لَهُمْ مَعَاداً وَ ثَوَاباً وَ عِقَاباً وَ يَدِينُونَ بِأَنَّ فِي السَّمَاءِ إِلَهاً وَ أَنَّهَا عُمْرَانٌ وَ أَنْتُمْ تَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ السَّمَاءَ خَرَابٌ لَيْسَ فِيهَا أَحَدٌ
So I said, ‘May Allah-azwj have Mercy on you-asws! And which thing are we saying, and which thing are they saying, and what are my words and their words, except for one?’ So he-asws said: ‘And how can your words and their words be one, and they are saying that for them is a Hereafter, and Rewards, and Punishment, and they are making it a Religion with that, in the sky there is a God-azwj, and that there are two life-times, and you are alleging that the sky is a ruin, there being no one in it’.
قَالَ فَاغْتَنَمْتُهَا مِنْهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ مَا مَنَعَهُ إِنْ كَانَ الْأَمْرُ كَمَا يَقُولُونَ أَنْ يَظْهَرَ لِخَلْقِهِ وَ يَدْعُوَهُمْ إِلَى عِبَادَتِهِ حَتَّى لَا يَخْتَلِفَ مِنْهُمُ اثْنَانِ وَ لِمَ احْتَجَبَ عَنْهُمْ وَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمُ الرُّسُلَ وَ لَوْ بَاشَرَهُمْ بِنَفْسِهِ كَانَ أَقْرَبَ إِلَى الْإِيمَانِ بِهِ
He said, ‘So I was gloomy from it, and I said to him-asws, ‘What is preventing Him-azwj, if the matter was just as they are saying it to be, from appearing to His-azwj creatures and Inviting them to His-azwj worship until no two of them would differ, and why does He-azwj hide from them and Sends the Rasools-as to them instead, and had He-azwj Given glad tidings Himself-azwj, it would be closer to the belief in Him-azwj’.
فَقَالَ لِي وَيْلَكَ وَ كَيْفَ احْتَجَبَ عَنْكَ مَنْ أَرَاكَ قُدْرَتَهُ فِي نَفْسِكَ نُشُوءَكَ وَ لَمْ تَكُنْ وَ كِبَرَكَ بَعْدَ صِغَرِكَ وَ قُوَّتَكَ بَعْدَ ضَعْفِكَ وَ ضَعْفَكَ بَعْدَ قُوَّتِكَ وَ سُقْمَكَ بَعْدَ صِحَّتِكَ وَ صِحَّتَكَ بَعْدَ سُقْمِكَ وَ رِضَاكَ بَعْدَ غَضَبِكَ وَ غَضَبَكَ بَعْدَ رِضَاكَ وَ حُزْنَكَ بَعْدَ فَرَحِكَ وَ فَرَحَكَ بَعْدَ حُزْنِكَ وَ حُبَّكَ بَعْدَ بُغْضِكَ وَ بُغْضَكَ بَعْدَ حُبِّكَ
So he-asws said: ‘Woe be unto you! And how is He-azwj Hidden from you, the One-azwj Who Shows you His-azwj Power in yourself? He-azwj Nourished you and you did not exist, and Aged you after your childhood (infancy), and Strengthened you after your weakness, and Weakened you after your strength, and your sickness after your well-being, and your good health after your sickness, and your pleasure after your distress and your resentment after your pleasure, and your grief after your happiness and your happiness after your grief, and your love after your hatred, and your hatred after your love.
وَ عَزْمَكَ بَعْدَ أَنَاتِكَ وَ أَنَاتَكَ بَعْدَ عَزْمِكَ وَ شَهْوَتَكَ بَعْدَ كَرَاهَتِكَ وَ كَرَاهَتَكَ بَعْدَ شَهْوَتِكَ وَ رَغْبَتَكَ بَعْدَ رَهْبَتِكَ وَ رَهْبَتَكَ بَعْدَ رَغْبَتِكَ وَ رَجَاءَكَ بَعْدَ يَأْسِكَ وَ يَأْسَكَ بَعْدَ رَجَائِكَ وَ خَاطِرَكَ بِمَا لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي وَهْمِكَ وَ عُزُوبَ مَا أَنْتَ مُعْتَقِدُهُ عَنْ ذِهْنِكَ
And your determination after your uncertainty, and your uncertainty after your determination, and your desire after your abhorrence and your abhorrence after your desire, and your willingness after your dismay and your dismay after your willingness, and your hope after your despair and your despair after your hope, and your caution with that there is no worry and remoteness of what you believed in your mind’.
وَ مَا زَالَ يُعَدِّدُ عَلَيَّ قُدْرَتَهُ الَّتِي هِيَ فِي نَفْسِي الَّتِي لَا أَدْفَعُهَا حَتَّى ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ سَيَظْهَرُ فِيمَا بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَهُ
And he-asws did not cease counting upon me His-azwj Powers which are in myself which I could not defend until I thought that he would be victorious regarding what is between me and him-asws’.
عَنْهُ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا رَفَعَهُ وَ زَادَ فِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ حِينَ سَأَلَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ عَادَ ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ فِي الْيَوْمِ الثَّانِي إِلَى مَجْلِسِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَجَلَسَ وَ هُوَ سَاكِتٌ لَا يَنْطِقُ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) كَأَنَّكَ جِئْتَ تُعِيدُ بَعْضَ مَا كُنَّا فِيهِ فَقَالَ أَرَدْتُ ذَلِكَ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) مَا أَعْجَبَ هَذَا تُنْكِرُ اللَّهَ وَ تَشْهَدُ أَنِّي ابْنُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ الْعَادَةُ تَحْمِلُنِي عَلَى ذَلِكَ
From him, from one of our companions, raising it –
And there is an increase in a Hadeeth of Ibn Abu Al-Awja’a where he asked Abu Abdullah-asws. He said, ‘Ibn Abu Al-Awja’a returned on the second day to a gathering of Abu Abdullah-asws. So he sat down and he was silent, not speaking (at all). So Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘It is as if you have come to reiterate part of what we were (discussing) in’. So he said, ‘I want that, O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww!’ So Abu Abdullah-asws said to him: ‘How strange this is. You deny Allah-azwj, and you testify that I-asws am a son-asws of a Rasool-saww of Allah-azwj!’ So he said, ‘The habit carried me upon that’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ الْعَالِمُ ( عليه السلام ) فَمَا يَمْنَعُكَ مِنَ الْكَلَامِ قَالَ إِجْلَالًا لَكَ وَ مَهَابَةً مَا يَنْطَلِقُ لِسَانِي بَيْنَ يَدَيْكَ فَإِنِّي شَاهَدْتُ الْعُلَمَاءَ وَ نَاظَرْتُ الْمُتَكَلِّمِينَ فَمَا تَدَاخَلَنِي هَيْبَةٌ قَطُّ مِثْلُ مَا تَدَاخَلَنِي مِنْ هَيْبَتِكَ قَالَ يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ وَ لَكِنْ أَفْتَحُ عَلَيْكَ بِسُؤَالٍ وَ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِ
So the scholar-asws said to him: ‘So what prevented you from the speaking?’ He said, ‘As a homage to you-asws and reverence. My tongue could not unfreeze in front of you-asws, for I have witnessed the scholars and debated the theologians, so there did not enter awe into me at all like what awe entered into me from you-asws’. He-asws said: ‘That happens, but I-asws would like to open upon you with a question’, and he-asws turned to face him.
فَقَالَ لَهُ أَ مَصْنُوعٌ أَنْتَ أَوْ غَيْرُ مَصْنُوعٍ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ بْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ بَلْ أَنَا غَيْرُ مَصْنُوعٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْعَالِمُ ( عليه السلام ) فَصِفْ لِي لَوْ كُنْتَ مَصْنُوعاً كَيْفَ كُنْتَ تَكُونُ فَبَقِيَ عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ مَلِيّاً لَا يُحِيرُ جَوَاباً وَ وَلَعَ بِخَشَبَةٍ كَانَتْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ طَوِيلٌ عَرِيضٌ عَمِيقٌ قَصِيرٌ مُتَحَرِّكٌ سَاكِنٌ كُلُّ ذَلِكَ صِفَةُ خَلْقِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْعَالِمُ فَإِنْ كُنْتَ لَمْ تَعْلَمْ صِفَةَ الصَّنْعَةِ غَيْرَهَا فَاجْعَلْ نَفْسَكَ مَصْنُوعاً لِمَا تَجِدُ فِي نَفْسِكَ مِمَّا يَحْدُثُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمُورِ
So he-asws said to him: ‘Are you made (Created) or not made?’ So Abdul Kareem Bin Abu Al Awja’a said, ‘But, I am not made’. So the scholar-asws said to him: ‘So, describe to me, if you had been Made, how would you have happened to be?’ So Abdul Kareem remained reflecting, too baffled to answer, and he played around with a piece of wood which was in front of him, and he was saying, ‘Long, wide, deep, short, moving, still, all of that is a quality of His-azwj creatures’. So the scholar-asws said to him: ‘So if you do not know the qualities of the made (creation) apart from these, so consider yourself to be as a Made (Created) to what you find within yourself, from what occurs from these matters’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ سَأَلْتَنِي عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ لَمْ يَسْأَلْنِي عَنْهَا أَحَدٌ قَبْلَكَ وَ لَا يَسْأَلُنِي أَحَدٌ بَعْدَكَ عَنْ مِثْلِهَا فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) هَبْكَ عَلِمْتَ أَنَّكَ لَمْ تُسْأَلْ فِيمَا مَضَى فَمَا عَلَّمَكَ أَنَّكَ لَا تُسْأَلُ فِيمَا بَعْدُ عَلَى أَنَّكَ يَا عَبْدَ الْكَرِيمِ نَقَضْتَ قَوْلَكَ لِأَنَّكَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّ الْأَشْيَاءَ مِنَ الْأَوَّلِ سَوَاءٌ فَكَيْفَ قَدَّمْتَ وَ أَخَّرْتَ
So Abdul Kareem said to him-asws, ‘You-asws have asked me a question no one has asked me before you-asws, nor will anyone ask me after you-asws, the likes of it’. So Abu Abdullah-asws said, ‘Given that you know that you have not been asked in what is past, so what makes you know that you will not be asked in what is afterwards? O Abdul Kareem! You break your own words, because you are alleging that the things have been the same from before, so how come you are bringing them forward and delaying (talking about past and future)?’
ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا عَبْدَ الْكَرِيمِ أَزِيدُكَ وُضُوحاً أَ رَأَيْتَ لَوْ كَانَ مَعَكَ كِيسٌ فِيهِ جَوَاهِرُ فَقَالَ لَكَ قَائِلٌ هَلْ فِي الْكِيسِ دِينَارٌ فَنَفَيْتَ كَوْنَ الدِّينَارِ فِي الْكِيسِ فَقَالَ لَكَ صِفْ لِيَ الدِّينَارَ وَ كُنْتَ غَيْرَ عَالِمٍ بِصِفَتِهِ هَلْ كَانَ لَكَ أَنْ تَنْفِيَ كَوْنَ الدِّينَارِ عَنِ الْكِيسِ وَ أَنْتَ لَا تَعْلَمُ قَالَ لَا
Then he-asws said: ‘O Abdul Kareem! I-asws shall increase its clarification. What is your view if there was a bag with you wherein were jewels, and someone says to you, ‘Is there a Dinar in the bag?’ So you deny the existence of the Dinar in the bag, and he says to you, ‘Describe the Dinar to me’, and you are not knowledgeable of its description, would that be for you that you should deny the existence of the Dinar in the bag, and you don’t know?’ He said, ‘No’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَالْعَالَمُ أَكْبَرُ وَ أَطْوَلُ وَ أَعْرَضُ مِنَ الْكِيسِ فَلَعَلَّ فِي الْعَالَمِ صَنْعَةً مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا تَعْلَمُ صِفَةَ الصَّنْعَةِ مِنْ غَيْرِ الصَّنْعَةِ فَانْقَطَعَ عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ وَ أَجَابَ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِهِ وَ بَقِيَ مَعَهُ بَعْضٌ
So Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘So the universe is longer and wider than the bag. So, perhaps in the universe there is a created being from where you do not know the description of the Made being from the one not Made’. So Abdul Kareem cut-off (the discussion, and some of his companions answered to Al-Islam (became Muslims), and there remained with him, some.
فَعَادَ فِي الْيَوْمِ الثَّالِثِ فَقَالَ أَقْلِبُ السُّؤَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) سَلْ عَمَّا شِئْتَ فَقَالَ مَا الدَّلِيلُ عَلَى حَدَثِ الْأَجْسَامِ فَقَالَ إِنِّي مَا وَجَدْتُ شَيْئاً صَغِيراً وَ لَا كَبِيراً إِلَّا وَ إِذَا ضُمَّ إِلَيْهِ مِثْلُهُ صَارَ أَكْبَرَ وَ فِي ذَلِكَ زَوَالٌ وَ انْتِقَالٌ عَنِ الْحَالَةِ الْأُولَى وَ لَوْ كَانَ قَدِيماً مَا زَالَ وَ لَا حَالَ لِأَنَّ الَّذِي يَزُولُ وَ يَحُولُ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُوجَدَ وَ يُبْطَلَ
So he returned on the third day, and he said, ‘I would like to overturn the questioning’. So Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Ask about whatever you so desire to’. So he said, ‘What is the evidence of the occurrence (coming into being) of the bodies?’ So he-asws said: ‘I-asws have not found anything, neither small nor big, except that when the likes of it is combined to it, it gets bigger; and in that is the decline (deterioration) and the change from the former state. And had (all things) being eternal, they would neither deteriorate nor change state, because that which deteriorates and changes, it is allowed that it comes into being and gets abolished.
فَيَكُونُ بِوُجُودِهِ بَعْدَ عَدَمِهِ دُخُولٌ فِي الْحَدَثِ وَ فِي كَوْنِهِ فِي الْأَزَلِ دُخُولُهُ فِي الْعَدَمِ وَ لَنْ تَجْتَمِعَ صِفَةُ الْأَزَلِ وَ الْعَدَمِ وَ الْحُدُوثِ وَ الْقِدَمِ فِي شَيْءٍ وَاحِدٍ
Thus it would happen to be, by its existence after its non-existence, entering into the occurrence and in its coming into being in the beginning, it would enter into the non-existence, and there would never gather together the qualities of the eternity and the non-existence and the occurrence (coming into being), and the infinity, into one thing’.
فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ هَبْكَ عَلِمْتَ فِي جَرْيِ الْحَالَتَيْنِ وَ الزَّمَانَيْنِ عَلَى مَا ذَكَرْتَ وَ اسْتَدْلَلْتَ بِذَلِكَ عَلَى حُدُوثِهِا فَلَوْ بَقِيَتِ الْأَشْيَاءُ عَلَى صِغَرِهَا مِنْ أَيْنَ كَانَ لَكَ أَنْ تَسْتَدِلَّ عَلَى حُدُوثِهِنَّ فَقَالَ الْعَالِمُ ( عليه السلام ) إِنَّمَا نَتَكَلَّمُ عَلَى هَذَا الْعَالَمِ الْمَوْضُوعِ فَلَوْ رَفَعْنَاهُ وَ وَضَعْنَا عَالَماً آخَرَ كَانَ لَا شَيْءَ أَدَلَّ عَلَى الْحَدَثِ مِنْ رَفْعِنَا إِيَّاهُ وَ وَضْعِنَا غَيْرَهُ
So Abdul Kareem said, ‘Given, that you-asws know regarding the flow of the two states and the two times upon what you-asws mentioned, and evidence with that upon its occurrence (coming into being). So if the things were to remain upon its smallness, from where would that be for you to evidence upon their occurrence?’ So the scholar-asws said: ‘But rather, we-asws speak upon this universe as the subject. So if we were to raise it and place another universe, the nothingness would be evidenced upon the occurrence from our raising it and replacing it with another.
وَ لَكِنْ أُجِيبُكَ مِنْ حَيْثُ قَدَّرْتَ أَنْ تُلْزِمَنَا فَنَقُولُ إِنَّ الْأَشْيَاءَ لَوْ دَامَتْ عَلَى صِغَرِهَا لَكَانَ فِي الْوَهْمِ أَنَّهُ مَتَى ضُمَّ شَيْءٌ إِلَى مِثْلِهِ كَانَ أَكْبَرَ وَ فِي جَوَازِ التَّغْيِيرِ عَلَيْهِ خُرُوجُهُ مِنَ الْقِدَمِ كَمَا أَنَّ فِي تَغْيِيرِهِ دُخُولَهُ فِي الْحَدَثِ لَيْسَ لَكَ وَرَاءَهُ شَيْءٌ يَا عَبْدَ الْكَرِيمِ
But, I-asws shall answer you from where you measured out to compel us-asws. So we-asws are saying that the things, had they remained eternally upon their smallness, it would always be in the mind that when something is combined to something the like of it, it would be greater (than before), and with regards to the permissibility of the change upon it, is its exit from the eternity, just as its change is its entry into the occurrence. There is nothing for you behind it, O Abdul Kareem’.
فَانْقَطَعَ وَ خُزِيَ فَلَمَّا كَانَ مِنَ الْعَامِ الْقَابِلِ الْتَقَى مَعَهُ فِي الْحَرَمِ فَقَالَ لَهُ بَعْضُ شِيعَتِهِ إِنَّ ابْنَ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ قَدْ أَسْلَمَ فَقَالَ الْعَالِمُ ( عليه السلام ) هُوَ أَعْمَى مِنْ ذَلِكَ لَا يُسْلِمُ
So he cut-off (the discussion) and went out. So when it was the next year, I met up with him-asws in the Sanctuary. So one of his-asws Shias said to him-asws, ‘Ibn Abu Al-Awja’a has become a Muslim’. So the scholar-asws said: ‘He is blind from that and will not become a Muslim’.
فَلَمَّا بَصُرَ بِالْعَالِمِ قَالَ سَيِّدِي وَ مَوْلَايَ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْعَالِمُ ( عليه السلام ) مَا جَاءَ بِكَ إِلَى هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ فَقَالَ عَادَةُ الْجَسَدِ وَ سُنَّةُ الْبَلَدِ وَ لِنَنْظُرَ مَا النَّاسُ فِيهِ مِنَ الْجُنُونِ وَ الْحَلْقِ وَ رَمْيِ الْحِجَارَةِ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْعَالِمُ ( عليه السلام ) أَنْتَ بَعْدُ عَلَى عُتُوِّكَ وَ ضَلَالِكَ يَا عَبْدَ الْكَرِيمِ فَذَهَبَ يَتَكَلَّمُ فَقَالَ لَهُ ( عليه السلام ) لَا جِدَالَ فِي الْحَجِّ وَ نَفَضَ رِدَاءَهُ مِنْ يَدِهِ
So when he (Abdul Kareem) saw the scholar-asws, he said, ‘My chief and my master!’ So the scholar-asws said to him: ‘So what brings you here to this place?’ So he said, ‘Habit of the body and ways of the country, and to see what the people are indulging in from the insanity, and the shaving (of the heads), and pelting the rocks(Hajj rituals)’. So the scholar-asws said to him: ‘After (all) you are still upon your insolence and your straying, O Abdul Kareem!’ So he went on to speak, but he-asws said to him: ‘There will be no contentious arguments during the Hajj’, and he-asws shook off his-asws robe from his hands.
وَ قَالَ إِنْ يَكُنِ الْأَمْرُ كَمَا تَقُولُ وَ لَيْسَ كَمَا تَقُولُ نَجَوْنَا وَ نَجَوْتَ وَ إِنْ يَكُنِ الْأَمْرُ كَمَا نَقُولُ وَ هُوَ كَمَا نَقُولُ نَجَوْنَا وَ هَلَكْتَ فَأَقْبَلَ عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ عَلَى مَنْ مَعَهُ فَقَالَ وَجَدْتُ فِي قَلْبِي حَزَازَةً فَرُدُّونِي فَرَدُّوهُ فَمَاتَ لَا رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ .
And he-asws said: ‘If the matter happens to be just as you are saying it to be, and it is not as you are saying it to be, we-asws would be saved and you would be saved; but if the matter happens to be just as we-asws are saying it to be, and it is just as we-asws are saying it to be, we-asws would be Saved and you would be destroyed’. So Abdul Kareem turned towards the one who was with him and he said, ‘I find malice in my heart, so return me’. So they returned him, and he died. May Allah-azwj not have Mercy on him’.[215]
حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْأَسَدِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبَرْمَكِيِّ الرَّازِيِّ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ بُرْدٍ الدِّينَوَرِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ خَادِمِ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الزَّنَادِقَةِ عَلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) وَ عِنْدَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ فَقَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) أَيُّهَا الرَّجُلُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَانَ الْقَوْلُ قَوْلَكُمْ وَ لَيْسَ هُوَ كَمَا تَقُولُونَ أَ لَسْنَا وَ إِيَّاكُمْ شَرَعاً سَوَاءً لَا يَضُرُّنَا مَا صَلَّيْنَا وَ صُمْنَا وَ زَكَّيْنَا وَ أَقْرَرْنَا فَسَكَتَ الرَّجُلُ
Muhammad Bin Ja’far Al Asady narrated to me, from Muhammad Bin Ismail Al Barmakky Al Qazy, from Al Husayn Bin Al Hassan Bin Burd Al Deynawary, from Muhammad Bin Ali,
(It has been narrated) from Muhammad Bin Abdullah Al-Khurasany, a servant of Al-Reza-asws who said, ‘A man from the atheists came over to Abu Al-Hassan-asws, and in his-asws presence was a group. So Abu Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘O you man! What is your view if the word was your word (atheism), and it is not as what you are saying it to be, wouldn’t we and you all would be both equally right, and it would not harm us what we are praying Salāt, and our Fasting, and our (payment of) Zakāt, and our acknowledgement (of Allah-azwj)?’. So the man was silent.
ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) وَ إِنْ كَانَ الْقَوْلُ قَوْلَنَا وَ هُوَ قَوْلُنَا أَ لَسْتُمْ قَدْ هَلَكْتُمْ وَ نَجَوْنَا فَقَالَ رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ أَوْجِدْنِي كَيْفَ هُوَ وَ أَيْنَ هُوَ فَقَالَ وَيْلَكَ إِنَّ الَّذِي ذَهَبْتَ إِلَيْهِ غَلَطٌ هُوَ أَيَّنَ الْأَيْنَ بِلَا أَيْنٍ وَ كَيَّفَ الْكَيْفَ بِلَا كَيْفٍ فَلَا يُعْرَفُ بِالْكَيْفُوفِيَّةِ وَ لَا بِأَيْنُونِيَّةٍ وَ لَا يُدْرَكُ بِحَاسَّةٍ وَ لَا يُقَاسُ بِشَيْءٍ
Then Abu Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘And if it was so that the word was our word (Existence of Allah-azwj), and it is our word, wouldn’t you be destroyed and we would be Saved?’ So he said, ‘May Allah-azwj have Mercy on you-asws! Help me find How He-azwj is and where He-azwj is?’ So he-asws said: ‘Woe be unto you! That which goes to Him-azwj is wrong. He-azwj is ‘where’ without a ‘where’, and ‘how’ without the ‘how’, so He-azwj cannot be recognised by the ‘how-ness’ nor by the ‘where-ness’, nor can He-azwj be attained by the feelings, nor can He-azwj be compared with anything’.
فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ فَإِذاً إِنَّهُ لَا شَيْءَ إِذَا لَمْ يُدْرَكْ بِحَاسَّةٍ مِنَ الْحَوَاسِّ فَقَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) وَيْلَكَ لَمَّا عَجَزَتْ حَوَاسُّكَ عَنْ إِدْرَاكِهِ أَنْكَرْتَ رُبُوبِيَّتَهُ وَ نَحْنُ إِذَا عَجَزَتْ حَوَاسُّنَا عَنْ إِدْرَاكِهِ أَيْقَنَّا أَنَّهُ رَبُّنَا بِخِلَافِ شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْأَشْيَاءِ
So the man said, ‘So He-azwj is ‘nothing’ when He-azwj cannot be realised by the feelings from the senses’. So Abu Al Hassan-asws said: ‘Woe be unto you! Your senses are unable to realise Him-azwj, so you are denying His-azwj Lordship, and us-asws, when our senses are unable to realise realise Him-azwj, we are even more convinced that He-azwj is our Lord-azwj, as a different thing from the things’.
قَالَ الرَّجُلُ فَأَخْبِرْنِي مَتَى كَانَ قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) أَخْبِرْنِي مَتَى لَمْ يَكُنْ فَأُخْبِرَكَ مَتَى كَانَ قَالَ الرَّجُلُ فَمَا الدَّلِيلُ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنِّي لَمَّا نَظَرْتُ إِلَى جَسَدِي وَ لَمْ يُمْكِنِّي فِيهِ زِيَادَةٌ وَ لَا نُقْصَانٌ فِي الْعَرْضِ وَ الطُّولِ وَ دَفْعِ الْمَكَارِهِ عَنْهُ وَ جَرِّ الْمَنْفَعَةِ إِلَيْهِ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ لِهَذَا الْبُنْيَانِ بَانِياً فَأَقْرَرْتُ بِهِ مَعَ مَا أَرَى مِنْ دَوَرَانِ الْفَلَكِ بِقُدْرَتِهِ وَ إِنْشَاءِ السَّحَابِ وَ تَصْرِيفِ الرِّيَاحَ وَ مَجْرَى الشَّمْسِ وَ الْقَمَرِ وَ النُّجُومِ وَ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ الْعَجِيبَاتِ الْمُبَيِّنَاتِ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ لِهَذَا مُقَدِّراً وَ مُنْشِئاً .
The man said, ‘So inform me, when was He-azwj (from)?’ Abu Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘Inform me-asws, when He-azwj wasn’t and I-asws will inform you when He-azwj was’. The man said, ‘So what is the evidence upon it?’ So Abu Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘I-asws, when I-asws look at my-asws body, and am not enabled upon increasing it, nor reducing it in the width, and the length, and repulsing the abhorrence from it and flowing the benefits to it, I-asws know that for this construction, there is a Builder. So I-asws acknowledge with it what I-asws see from the orbiting of the planets by His-azwj Power, and the growth of the clouds, and the interchanging of the winds, and the flowing of the sun and the moon and the stars, and other than that from the wondrous clear signs, I-asws know that for this is Determiner and a Builder’.[216]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْخَفَّافِ أَوْ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ إِنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ الدَّيَصَانِيَّ سَأَلَ هِشَامَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَ لَكَ رَبٌّ فَقَالَ بَلَى قَالَ أَ قَادِرٌ هُوَ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَادِرٌ قَاهِرٌ قَالَ يَقْدِرُ أَنْ يُدْخِلَ الدُّنْيَا كُلَّهَا الْبَيْضَةَ لَا تَكْبُرُ الْبَيْضَةُ وَ لَا تَصْغُرُ الدُّنْيَا قَالَ هِشَامٌ النَّظِرَةَ فَقَالَ لَهُ قَدْ أَنْظَرْتُكَ حَوْلًا ثُمَّ خَرَجَ عَنْهُ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Is’haq Al Khaffaf, or from his father, from Muhammad Bin Is’haq who said,
‘Abdullah Al-Daysani asked Hisham Bin Al-Hakam saying to him, ‘Is there a Lord-azwj for you?’ So he said, ‘Yes’. He said, ‘Is He-azwj Powerful?’ He said, ‘Yes, Powerful, Compelling’. He said, ‘Is He-azwj Able to enter the whole world into an egg, while not making the egg any bigger and not making the world any smaller?’ Hisham said, ‘The respite’. So he said, ‘I respite you for a year’. Then he went away from him.
فَرَكِبَ هِشَامٌ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَاسْتَأْذَنَ عَلَيْهِ فَأَذِنَ لَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أَتَانِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ الدَّيَصَانِيُّ بِمَسْأَلَةٍ لَيْسَ الْمُعَوَّلُ فِيهَا إِلَّا عَلَى اللَّهِ وَ عَلَيْكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَمَّا ذَا سَأَلَكَ فَقَالَ قَالَ لِي كَيْتَ وَ كَيْتَ
So, Hisham rode over to Abu Abdullah-asws and sought permission to see him-asws, and he-asws permitted him. So he said, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! Abdullah Al-Daysani came over to me with a question, there being no reliability with regards to (answering) it except upon Allah-azwj and upon you-asws’. So Abu Abdullah-asws said to him: ‘What is that about which he asked you?’ So he said, ‘He said to me such and such’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَا هِشَامُ كَمْ حَوَاسُّكَ قَالَ خَمْسٌ قَالَ أَيُّهَا أَصْغَرُ قَالَ النَّاظِرُ قَالَ وَ كَمْ قَدْرُ النَّاظِرِ قَالَ مِثْلُ الْعَدَسَةِ أَوْ أَقَلُّ مِنْهَا فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا هِشَامُ فَانْظُرْ أَمَامَكَ وَ فَوْقَكَ وَ أَخْبِرْنِي بِمَا تَرَى فَقَالَ أَرَى سَمَاءً وَ أَرْضاً وَ دُوراً وَ قُصُوراً وَ بَرَارِيَ وَ جِبِالًا وَ أَنْهَاراً فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنَّ الَّذِي قَدَرَ أَنْ يُدْخِلَ الَّذِي تَرَاهُ الْعَدَسَةَ أَوْ أَقَلَّ مِنْهَا قَادِرٌ أَنْ يُدْخِلَ الدُّنْيَا كُلَّهَا الْبَيْضَةَ لَا تَصْغَرُ الدُّنْيَا وَ لَا تَكْبُرُ الْبَيْضَةُ
So Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘O Hisham! How many are your senses?’ He said, ‘Five’. He-asws said: ‘Which of these is the smallest?’ He said, ‘The looking’. He-asws said: ‘And how much is the measurement of the viewer (eye)?’ He-asws said: ‘Like a lens or less than it’. So he-asws said to him: ‘So look in front of you and above you and inform me of what you see’. So he said, ‘I see the sky, and land, and houses, and castles, and desert, and mountains and rivers’. So Abu Abdullah-asws said to him: ‘The One-azwj Who is Able to enter that which you see into the lens, or less than it, is Able over entering the whole world into the egg, neither making the world any smaller nor making the egg any bigger’.
فَأَكَبَّ هِشَامٌ عَلَيْهِ وَ قَبَّلَ يَدَيْهِ وَ رَأْسَهُ وَ رِجْلَيْهِ وَ قَالَ حَسْبِي يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَ انْصَرَفَ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ وَ غَدَا عَلَيْهِ الدَّيَصَانِيُّ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا هِشَامُ إِنِّي جِئْتُكَ مُسَلِّماً وَ لَمْ أَجِئْكَ مُتَقَاضِياً لِلْجَوَابِ فَقَالَ لَهُ هِشَامٌ إِنْ كُنْتَ جِئْتَ مُتَقَاضِياً فَهَاكَ الْجَوَابَ
So Hisham leapt up and kissed his-asws hand, and his-asws head, and his leg and said, ‘(It is) sufficient for me, O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww!’, and left for his house. And Al-Daysani came over to him and said to him, ‘O Hisham! I have come to you as a Muslim and did not come to you requesting for the answer’. So Hisham said to him, ‘If you had come requesting, so here is the answer’, (and he told him).
فَخَرَجَ الدَّيَصَانِيُّ عَنْهُ حَتَّى أَتَى بَابَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَاسْتَأْذَنَ عَلَيْهِ فَأَذِنَ لَهُ فَلَمَّا قَعَدَ قَالَ لَهُ يَا جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ دُلَّنِي عَلَى مَعْبُودِي فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) مَا اسْمُكَ فَخَرَجَ عَنْهُ وَ لَمْ يُخْبِرْهُ بِاسْمِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَصْحَابُهُ كَيْفَ لَمْ تُخْبِرْهُ بِاسْمِكَ قَالَ لَوْ كُنْتُ قُلْتُ لَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ كَانَ يَقُولُ مَنْ هَذَا الَّذِي أَنْتَ لَهُ عَبْدٌ
So Al-Daydani went out from him until he came over to the door of Abu Abdullah-asws . So he sought permission to see him-asws, and he-asws permitted him. So when he was seated, he said to him-asws, ‘O Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws! Introduce me to my Master-azwj’. So Abu Abdullah-asws said to him: ‘What is your name?’ So he went out from him-asws and did not inform him-asws of his name. So his companions said to him, ‘How come you did not inform him-asws with your name?’ He said, ‘If I had, I would have said to him-asws, it is Abdullah (Slave of Allah-azwj). He-asws would have said to me: ‘Who is this whose slave you are?’’.
فَقَالُوا لَهُ عُدْ إِلَيْهِ وَ قُلْ لَهُ يَدُلُّكَ عَلَى مَعْبُودِكَ وَ لَا يَسْأَلُكَ عَنِ اسْمِكَ فَرَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ دُلَّنِي عَلَى مَعْبُودِي وَ لَا تَسْأَلْنِي عَنِ اسْمِي فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) اجْلِسْ وَ إِذَا غُلَامٌ لَهُ صَغِيرٌ فِي كَفِّهِ بَيْضَةٌ يَلْعَبُ بِهَا فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) نَاوِلْنِي يَا غُلَامُ الْبَيْضَةَ فَنَاوَلَهُ إِيَّاهَا
So they said to him, ‘Return to him-asws and tell him-asws to introduce you to your Master-azwj and not to ask about your name’. So he returned to him-asws and said to him-asws, ‘O Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws! Introduce me to my Master-azwj and do not ask me about my name’. So Abu Abdullah-asws said to him: ‘Be seated’. And there was a young boy of his-asws in whose palm was an egg he was playing with. So Abu Abdullah-asws said to him: ‘Give the egg to me, O boy!’ So he gave it to him-asws.
فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَا دَيَصَانِيُّ هَذَا حِصْنٌ مَكْنُونٌ لَهُ جِلْدٌ غَلِيظٌ وَ تَحْتَ الْجِلْدِ الْغَلِيظِ جِلْدٌ رَقِيقٌ وَ تَحْتَ الْجِلْدِ الرَّقِيقِ ذَهَبَةٌ مَائِعَةٌ وَ فِضَّةٌ ذَائِبَةٌ فَلَا الذَّهَبَةُ الْمَائِعَةُ تَخْتَلِطُ بِالْفِضَّةِ الذَّائِبَةِ وَ لَا الْفِضَّةُ الذَّائِبَةُ تَخْتَلِطُ بِالذَّهَبَةِ الْمَائِعَةِ فَهِيَ عَلَى حَالِهَا لَمْ يَخْرُجْ مِنْهَا خَارِجٌ مُصْلِحٌ فَيُخْبِرَ عَنْ صَلَاحِهَا وَ لَا دَخَلَ فِيهَا مُفْسِدٌ فَيُخْبِرَ عَنْ فَسَادِهَا لَا يُدْرَى لِلذَّكَرِ خُلِقَتْ أَمْ لِلْأُنْثَى تَنْفَلِقُ عَنْ مِثْلِ أَلْوَانِ الطَّوَاوِيسِ أَ تَرَى لَهَا مُدَبِّراً
So Abu Abdullah-asws said to me: ‘O Daysani! This (egg) is a hidden fortress. There is a thick (outer) skin for it, and underneath the thick skin is a thin skin, and beneath the thin skin is gold water and silver fluid. So neither does the gold water mix with the silver fluid, nor does the silver fluid mix with the gold water. So it is upon its state. Neither does a repairer come out from it so he could inform of its correctness nor does a spoiler enter into it so he could inform about its spoiling. It is not known whether it is Created to be a male or a female (to come out after incubation). It could burst out like the colours of peacocks. Do you see that there is a Mastermind for it?’
قَالَ فَأَطْرَقَ مَلِيّاً ثُمَّ قَالَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ وَ أَنَّكَ إِمَامٌ وَ حُجَّةٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ وَ أَنَا تَائِبٌ مِمَّا كُنْتُ فِيهِ .
He (the narrator) said, ‘So he thought for a while, then said, ‘I testify that there is no god except for Allah-azwj, there being no associates for Him-azwj, and that Muhammad-saww is His-azwj servant and His-azwj Rasool-saww, and that you-asws an Imam-asws and Proof from Allah-azwj upon His-azwj creatures, and that I am repentant from what I was in’.[217]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْفُقَيْمِيِّ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ فِي حَدِيثِ الزِّنْدِيقِ الَّذِي أَتَى أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) وَ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْلِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام )
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Abbas Bin Amro Al Fuqaymi,
(It has been narrated) from Hisham Bin Al-Hakam in a Hadeeth of the atheist who came over to Abu Abdullah-asws, and it was from the words of Abu Abdullah-asws: –
لَا يَخْلُو قَوْلُكَ إِنَّهُمَا اثْنَانِ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَا قَدِيمَيْنِ قَوِيَّيْنِ أَوْ يَكُونَا ضَعِيفَيْنِ أَوْ يَكُونَ أَحَدُهُمَا قَوِيّاً وَ الْآخَرُ ضَعِيفاً فَإِنْ كَانَا قَوِيَّيْنِ فَلِمَ لَا يَدْفَعُ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ وَ يَتَفَرَّدُ بِالتَّدْبِيرِ
‘You are not free from your words that there are two (gods). Either they are both eternally from before, both strong, or they are both weak, and one of them happens to be strong and the other one weak. So if they were both strong, so why doesn’t each one of the two repulse his companion and be alone with the management (of the universe)?
وَ إِنْ زَعَمْتَ أَنَّ أَحَدَهُمَا قَوِيٌّ وَ الْآخَرَ ضَعِيفٌ ثَبَتَ أَنَّهُ وَاحِدٌ كَمَا نَقُولُ لِلْعَجْزِ الظَّاهِرِ فِي الثَّانِي
And if you are alleging that one of the two is strong and the other one is weak, it would be proven that He-azwj is One just as we are saying due to the inability of the second one being apparent.
فَإِنْ قُلْتَ إِنَّهُمَا اثْنَانِ لَمْ يَخْلُ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَا مُتَّفِقَيْنِ مِنْ كُلِّ جِهَةٍ أَوْ مُفْتَرِقَيْنِ مِنْ كُلِّ جِهَةٍ فَلَمَّا رَأَيْنَا الْخَلْقَ مُنْتَظِماً وَ الْفَلَكَ جَارِياً وَ التَّدْبِيرَ وَاحِداً وَ اللَّيْلَ وَ النَّهَارَ وَ الشَّمْسَ وَ الْقَمَرَ دَلَّ صِحَّةُ الْأَمْرِ وَ التَّدْبِيرِ وَ ائْتِلَافُ الْأَمْرِ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمُدَبِّرَ وَاحِدٌ ثُمَّ يَلْزَمُكَ إِنِ ادَّعَيْتَ اثْنَيْنِ فُرْجَةٌ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا حَتَّى يَكُونَا اثْنَيْنِ فَصَارَتِ الْفُرْجَةُ ثَالِثاً بَيْنَهُمَا قَدِيماً مَعَهُمَا فَيَلْزَمُكَ ثَلَاثَةٌ
So if you were to say that there are two (gods), and that they are both concordant from every aspect, or separate from every aspect, so when we see the creation being regulated and the planets flowing, and the strategy is one, and the night and the day, and the sun and the moon, are evidence to the wellbeing of the order and the strategy, and the coalition of the matters evidences upon that the Regulator is One. Then it would necessitate you, if you claim two (gods) that there should be a gap between the two in what is between them until they can happen to be two. Thus the gap would come to be the third (entity) between the two (gods), being eternally from before along with the two of them. Thus, it would necessitate a third (entity).
فَإِنِ ادَّعَيْتَ ثَلَاثَةً لَزِمَكَ مَا قُلْتَ فِي الِاثْنَيْنِ حَتَّى تَكُونَ بَيْنَهُمْ فُرْجَةٌ فَيَكُونُوا خَمْسَةً ثُمَّ يَتَنَاهَى فِي الْعَدَدِ إِلَى مَا لَا نِهَايَةَ لَهُ فِي الْكَثْرَةِ
So if you were to claim three, it would necessitate you what you said regarding the two, until there can happen to be a gap between them until they can happen to be five. Then you would end up in the numbering to what there is no end to it regarding the multitude’.
قَالَ هِشَامٌ فَكَانَ مِنْ سُؤَالِ الزِّنْدِيقِ أَنْ قَالَ فَمَا الدَّلِيلُ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) وُجُودُ الْأَفَاعِيلِ دَلَّتْ عَلَى أَنَّ صَانِعاً صَنَعَهَا أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّكَ إِذَا نَظَرْتَ إِلَى بِنَاءٍ مُشَيَّدٍ مَبْنِيٍّ عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ لَهُ بَانِياً وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ لَمْ تَرَ الْبَانِيَ وَ لَمْ تُشَاهِدْهُ
Hisham said, ‘It was so from the question of the atheist that he said, ‘So what is the evidence upon Him-azwj?’ So Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘The existence of the effects evidence upon that there is a Causer Causing these. Do you not see that you, when you look at a building constructed, you know that there is a builder for it, and even if you cannot see the builder and did not witness its (construction)?’
قَالَ فَمَا هُوَ قَالَ شَيْءٌ بِخِلَافِ الْأَشْيَاءِ ارْجِعْ بِقَوْلِي إِلَى إِثْبَاتِ مَعْنًى وَ أَنَّهُ شَيْءٌ بِحَقِيقَةِ الشَّيْئِيَّةِ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ لَا جِسْمٌ وَ لَا صُورَةٌ وَ لَا يُحَسُّ وَ لَا يُجَسُّ وَ لَا يُدْرَكُ بِالْحَوَاسِّ الْخَمْسِ لَا تُدْرِكُهُ الْأَوْهَامُ وَ لَا تَنْقُصُهُ الدُّهُورُ وَ لَا تُغَيِّرُهُ الْأَزْمَانُ .
He said, ‘So what is He-azwj?’ He-asws said: ‘A thing which is different from the things. I return to my-asws words to prove the meaning, and He-azwj is a thing in the reality of the ‘thing-ness’. He-azwj neither has a body nor an image, nor can He-azwj be felt, nor touched, nor can He-azwj be realised by the five senses. Neither can the imaginations grasp Him-azwj, nor does the age reduce Him-azwj, nor does the time change Him-azwj’.[218]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ فَرْقَدٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ كَفَى لِأُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ بِخَلْقِ الرَّبِّ الْمُسَخِّرِ وَ مُلْكِ الرَّبِّ الْقَاهِرِ وَ جَلَالِ الرَّبِّ الظَّاهِرِ وَ نُورِ الرَّبِّ الْبَاهِرِ وَ بُرْهَانِ الرَّبِّ الصَّادِقِ وَ مَا أَنْطَقَ بِهِ أَلْسُنَ الْعِبَادِ وَ مَا أَرْسَلَ بِهِ الرُّسُلَ وَ مَا أَنْزَلَ عَلَى الْعِبَادِ دَلِيلًا عَلَى الرَّبِّ .
Muhammad Bin Yaqoub said, ‘A number of our companions narrated to me, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Barqy, from his father, from Ali Bin Al Nu’man, from Ibn Muskan, from Dawood Bin Farqad, from Abu Saeed Al Zuhry,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘It suffices for the ones of understanding with the creation, the Subduing Lord-azwj, and the Kingdom of the Compelling Lord-azwj, and Majesty of the Lord-azwj being Manifested, and the Light of the Lord-azwj, the Splendour, and substantiation of the Truthful Lord-azwj, and what the tongues of the servants speak with, and what the Rasools-as were Sent with, and what was Revealed unto the servant, as an evidence upon the (existence of) the Lord-azwj’.[219]
[1] Aql is a Divine property, also referred to Qalib in Ahadith, it resides between the heart and throat
[2] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 1
[3] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 2
[4] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 3
[5] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 4
[6] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 5
[7] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 6
[8] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 7
[9] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 8
[10] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 9
[11] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 10
[12] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 11
[13] This Verse does not exist in the current version of the Holy Quran.
[14] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 12
[15] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 13
[16] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 14
[17] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 15
[18] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 16
[19] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 17
[20] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 18
[21] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 19
[22] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 20
[23] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 21
[24] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 22
[25] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 23
[26] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 24
[27] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 25
[28] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 26
[29] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 27
[30] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 28
[31] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 29
[32] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 30
[33] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 31
[34] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 32
[35] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 33
[36] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 34
[37] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 35
[38] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 1
[39] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 2
[40] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 3
[41] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 4
[42] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 5
[43] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 6
[44] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 7
[45] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 8
[46] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 9
[47] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 2 H 1
[48] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 2 H 2
[49] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 2 H 3
[50] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 2 H 4
[51] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 2 H 5
[52] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 2 H 6
[53] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 2 H 7
[54] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 2 H 8
[55] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 2 H 9
[56] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 3 H 1
[57] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 3 H 2
[58] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 3 H 3
[59] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 3 H 4
[60] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 4 H 1
[61] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 4 H 2
[62] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 4 H 3
[63] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 4 H 4
[64] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 4 H 5
[65] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 4 H 6
[66] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 5 H 1
[67] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 5 H 2
[68] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 5 H 3
[69] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 5 H 4
[70] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 5 H 5
[71] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 5 H 6
[72] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 5 H 7
[73] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 6 H 1
[74] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 7 H 1
[75] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 7 H 2
[76] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 7 H 3
[77] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 7 H 4
[78] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 7 H 5
[79] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 7 H 6
[80] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 8 H 1
[81] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 8 H 2
[82] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 8 H 3
[83] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 8 H 4
[84] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 8 H 3
[85] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 9 H 1
[86] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 9 H 2
[87] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 9 H 3
[88] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 9 H 4
[89] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 9 H 5
[90] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 9 H 6
[91] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 9 H 7
[92] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 9 H 8
[93] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 9 H 9
[94] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 10 H 1
[95] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 10 H 2
[96] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 10 H 3
[97] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 10 H 4
[98] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 11 H 1
[99] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 11 H 2
[100] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 11 H 3
[101] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 11 H 4
[102] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 11 H 5
[103] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 11 H 6
[104] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 11 H 7
[105] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 11 H 8
[106] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 11 H 9
[107] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 12 H 1
[108] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 12 H 2
[109] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 12 H 3
[110] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 13 H 1
[111] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 13 H 2
[112] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 13 H 3
[113] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 13 H 4
[114] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 13 H 5
[115] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 13 H 6
[116] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 13 H 7
[117] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 14 H 1
[118] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 14 H 2
[119] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 14 H 3
[120] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 14 H 4
[121] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 14 H 5
[122] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 14 H 6
[123] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 15 H 1
[124] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 15 H 2
[125] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 15 H 3
[126] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 15 H 4
[127] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 16 H 1
[128] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 16 H 2
[129] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 16 H 3
[130] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 16 H 4
[131] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 16 H 5
[132] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 16 H 6
[133] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 16 H 7
[134] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 16 H 8
[135] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 16 H 9
[136] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 16 H 10
[137] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 16 H 11
[138] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 16 H 12
[139] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 16 H 13
[140] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 16 H 14
[141] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 16 H 15
[142] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 1 H 1
[143] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 17 H 2
[144] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 17 H 3
[145] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 17 H 4
[146] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 17 H 5
[147] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 17 H 6
[148] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 17 H 7
[149] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 17 H 8
[150] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 17 H 9
[151] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 17 H 10
[152] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 17 H 11
[153] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 17 H 12
[154] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 17 H 13
[155] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 17 H 14
[156] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 17 H 15
[157] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 18 H 1
[158] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 18 H 2
[159] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 18 H 3
[160] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 19 H 1
[161] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 19 H 2
[162] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 19 H 3
[163] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 19 H 4
[164] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 19 H 5
[165] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 19 H 6
[166] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 19 H 7
[167] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 19 H 8
[168] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 19 H 9
[169] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 19 H 10
[170] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 19 H 11
[171] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 19 H 12
[172] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 19 H 13
[173] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 19 H 14
[174] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 19 H 15
[175] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 19 H 16
[176] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 19 H 17
[177] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 19 H 18
[178] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 19 H 19
[179] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 19 H 20
[180] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 19 H 21
[181] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 19 H 22
[182] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 20 H 1
[183] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 20 H 2
[184] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 20 H 3
[185] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 20 H 4
[186] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 20 H 5
[187] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 20 H 6
[188] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 20 H 7
[189] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 20 H 8
[190] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 20 H 9
[191] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 20 H 10
[192] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 20 H 1
[193] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 20 H 2
[194] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 20 H 3
[195] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 20 H 4
[196] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 20 H 5
[197] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 20 H 6
[198] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 20 H 7
[199] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 20 H 8
[200] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 20 H 9
[201] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 20 H 10
[202] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 21 H 1
[203] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 21 H 2
[204] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 21 H 3
[205] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 21 H 4
[206] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 21 H 5
[207] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 21 H 6
[208] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 21 H 7
[209] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 21 H 8
[210] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 21 H 9
[211] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 21 H 10
[212] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 21 H 11
[213] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 21 H 12
[214] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Tawheed (Oneness of Allahazwj) CH 1 H 1
[215] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Tawheed (Oneness of Allahazwj) CH 1 H 2
[216] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Tawheed (Oneness of Allahazwj) CH 1 H 3
[217] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Tawheed (Oneness of Allahazwj) CH 1 H 4
[218] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Tawheed (Oneness of Allahazwj) CH 1 H 5
[219] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Tawheed (Oneness of Allahazwj) CH 1 H 6