Part 1 out of 3
بحار الانوار الجامعة لدرر أخبار الائمة الاطهار
Bihar Al-Anwaar – The summary of the pearls of the Ahadeeth of the Pure Imams-asws
تأليف العلامة فخر الامة المولى الشيخ محمد باقر المجلسيى
Author – The Allama, the pride of the community, the Mullah, the Sheikh Muhammad Baqir Al Majlisi
كتاب التوحيد
THE BOOK OF TAWHEED (ONENESS)
باب 1 ثواب الموحدين و العارفين و بيان وجوب المعرفة و علته و بيان ما هو حق معرفته تعالى
CHAPTER 1 – REWARDS OF THE UNITARIANS, AND THE SPIRITUALISTS, AND EXPLANATION OF OBLIGATION OF THE RECOGNITION AND ITS REASON, AND EXPLANATION OF WHAT IS THE RIGHTFUL RECOGNITION OF THE EXALTED
1- يد، التوحيد لي، الأمالي للصدوق حَمْزَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْعَلَوِيُّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ النَّهَاوَنْدِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ طَلْحَةَ عَنْ أَسْبَاطِ بْنِ نَصْرٍ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ الَّذِي بَعَثَنِي بِالْحَقِّ بَشِيراً لَا يُعَذِّبُ اللَّهُ بِالنَّارِ مُوَحِّداً أَبَداً وَ إِنَّ أَهْلَ التَّوْحِيدِ لَيَشْفَعُونَ فَيُشَفَّعُونَ
‘Al Tawheed’, ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – Hamza Bin Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Ja’far Al Alawy, from Ali Bin Ibrahim Bin Is’haq Al Nahwandy, from Abdullah Bin Hamad Al Ansary, from Al Husayn Bin Yahya Ibn Al Husayn, from Amro Bin Talha, from Asbat Bin Nasr, from Ikrama, from Ibn Abbas who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘By the One-azwj Who Sent me-saww with the Truth as a giver of glad tidings! Allah-azwj will not Punish a Unitarian with the Fire, ever, and that the people of Tawheed would be (seeking) intercession, and they would be interceded for’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ ص إِنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى بِقَوْمٍ سَاءَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فِي دَارِ الدُّنْيَا إِلَى النَّارِ فَيَقُولُونَ يَا رَبَّنَا كَيْفَ تُدْخِلُنَا النَّارَ وَ قَدْ كُنَّا نُوَحِّدُكَ فِي دَارِ الدُّنْيَا وَ كَيْفَ تُحْرِقُ بِالنَّارِ أَلْسِنَتَنَا وَ قَدْ نَطَقَتْ بِتَوْحِيدِكَ فِي دَارِ الدُّنْيَا
Then he-saww said: ‘When it will be the Day of Qiyamah, Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted will Command a people who had done evil deeds in the house of the world, to the Fire. So, they would be saying, ‘O our Lord-azwj! How come You-azwj are Entering us into the Fire and we used to profess Your-azwj Tawheed in the house of the world? And how come You-azwj are burning our tongues with the Fire, and we have spoken of Your-azwj Tawheed in the house of the world?
وَ كَيْفَ تُحْرِقُ قُلُوبَنَا وَ قَدْ عَقَدَتْ عَلَى أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ أَمْ كَيْفَ تُحْرِقُ وُجُوهَنَا وَ قَدْ عَفَّرْنَاهَا لَكَ فِي التُّرَابِ أَمْ كَيْفَ تُحْرِقُ أَيْدِيَنَا وَ قَدْ رَفَعْنَاهَا بِالدُّعَاءِ إِلَيْكَ
And how come You-azwj are burning our hearts and we had believing upon that there is no god except You-azwj? And how come You-azwj are burning our faces and we had wiped these in the dust for You-azwj? Or how come You-azwj are burning our hands and we had raised these with the supplication to You-azwj?’
فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ عِبَادِي سَاءَتْ أَعْمَالُكُمْ فِي دَارِ الدُّنْيَا فَجَزَاؤُكُمْ نَارُ جَهَنَّمَ فَيَقُولُونَ يَا رَبَّنَا عَفْوُكَ أَعْظَمُ أَمْ خَطِيئَتُنَا
He-azwj, the Blessed and Exalted would be Saying: “But, (do you want) My-azwj Pardon?” They would be saying, ‘Is Your-azwj Mercy more capacious, or our sins?’
فَيَقُولُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى بَلْ عَفْوِي فَيَقُولُونَ رَحْمَتُكَ أَوْسَعُ أَمْ ذُنُوبُنَا فَيَقُولُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بَلْ رَحْمَتِي فَيَقُولُونَ إِقْرَارُنَا بِتَوْحِيدِكَ أَعْظَمُ أَمْ ذُنُوبُنَا
The Mighty and Majestic would be Saying: “But, My-azwj Mercy”. They would be saying, ‘Is our acknowledgement of Your-azwj Tawheed greater, or our sins?’
فَيَقُولُ تَعَالَى بَلْ إِقْرَارُكُمْ بِتَوْحِيدِي أَعْظَمُ فَيَقُولُونَ يَا رَبَّنَا فَلْيَسَعْنَا عَفْوُكَ وَ رَحْمَتُكَ الَّتِي وَسِعَتْ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ
The Exalted would be Saying: “But, your acknowledgement of My-azwj Tawheed is greater”. They would be saying, ‘O, our Lord-azwj! Then let You-azwj Pardon and Your-azwj Mercy encompass us, which encompasses all things’.
فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ مَلَائِكَتِي وَ عِزَّتِي وَ جَلَالِي مَا خَلَقْتُ خَلْقاً أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ مِنَ الْمُقِرِّينَ بِتَوْحِيدِي وَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ غَيْرِي وَ حَقٌّ عَلَيَّ أَنْ لَا أُصْلِيَ أَهْلَ تَوْحِيدِي أَدْخِلُوا عِبَادِيَ الْجَنَّةَ
Allah-azwj, Mighty is His-azwj Majesty would be Saying: “O My-azwj Angels! By My-azwj Mighty and My-azwj Majesty! I-azwj did not create a creature more Beloved to Me-azwj than the acknowledger of My-azwj Tawheed, and that there is no god apart from Me-azwj. And it is a right upon Me-azwj that I-azwj do not Let the people professing My-azwj Tawheed arrive at the Fire. Enter My-azwj servants into the Paradise!”’.[1]
Note: It is important to define the ‘Tawheed’ so we quote a Hadith which appears later (Chapter 11, H.3)
3 – فس: الحسن بن علي بن زكريا، عن الهيثم بن عبد الله الرماني، عن علي ابن موسى الرضا صلوات الله عليه، عن أبيه، عن جده محمد بن علي بن الحسين عليهم السلام في قوله: ” فطرة الله التي فطر الناس عليها ”
Al Hassan Bin Ali Bin Zakariya, from Al Haysam Bin Abdullah Al Ramany,
‘From Ali-asws Ibn Musa Al-Reza-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from his-asws grandfather-asws Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Al Husayn-asws regarding His-asws Words: the nature of Allah which He has Natured the people upon. [30:30].
قال: هو لا إله إلا الله، محمد رسول الله – صلى الله عليه وآله – علي أمير المؤمنين – عليه السلام – إلى ههنا التوحيد.
He-asws said: ‘It is, ‘There is no god except Allah-azwj, Muhammad-saww is Rasool-saww of Allah-azwj, Ali-asws is Emir of the Momineen’, up to here is the Tawheed’’.
2- يد، التوحيد لي، الأمالي للصدوق الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَمْدَانَ الْقُشَيْرِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عِيسَى الْكِلَابِيِّ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ هَلْ جَزاءُ الْإِحْسانِ إِلَّا الْإِحْسانُ
‘Al Tawheed’, ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – Al Hassan Bin Abdullah Bin Saeed, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Hamdan Al Qasheyri, from Ahmad Bin Isa al Kalaby,
‘From Musa Bin Ismail son of Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws, from his father-asws, from his-asws father Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws, from Ali-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Is the Recompense of goodness except the goodness? [55:60].
قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص يَقُولُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَالَ مَا جَزَاءُ مَنْ أَنْعَمْتُ عَلَيْهِ بِالتَّوْحِيدِ إِلَّا الْجَنَّةُ
He-asws said: ‘I-asws heard Rasool-Allah-saww saying that Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: “What can be a Recompense of one I-azwj have Favoured upon with the Tawheed, except for the Paradise?”’.[2]
3- ما، الأمالي للشيخ الطوسي جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ أَبِي الْمُفَضَّلِ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْعَلَوِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنِ الرِّضَا عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص التَّوْحِيدُ ثَمَنُ الْجَنَّةِ الْخَبَرَ
‘Al Amaali’ of the sheykh Al Tusi – A group, from Abu Al Mufazzal, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Ja’far Al Alawy, from Muhammad Bin Ali Ibn Al Husayn Bin Zayd,
‘From Al-Reza-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The Tawheed is a price of the Paradise’ – the Hadeeth’.[3]
4- ع، علل الشرائع ل، الخصال فِي خَبَرِ أَسْمَاءِ النَّبِيِّ وَ أَوْصَافِهِ ص وَ جَعَلَ اسْمِي فِي التَّوْرَاةِ أُحَيْدَ فَبِالتَّوْحِيدِ حَرَّمَ أَجْسَادَ أُمَّتِي عَلَى النَّارِ
‘Ilal Al Sharaie’, ‘Al-Khisaal’ – In a Hadeeth of the names of the Prophet-saww and his-saww description: ‘And my-saww name has been Made to be in the Torah as ‘Aheed’, so by the Tawheed, the bodies of my-saww community are Prohibited unto the Fire’’.[4]
5- ثو، ثواب الأعمال يد، التوحيد ابْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ هِلَالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ مَا مِنْ شَيْءٍ أَعْظَمَ ثَوَاباً مِنْ شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَا يَعْدِلُهُ شَيْءٌ وَ لَا يَشْرَكُهُ فِي الْأَمْرِ أَحَدٌ
‘Sawaab Al Amaal’, ‘Al Tawheed’ – Ibn Al Waleed, from Sa’ad, from Ahmad Bin Hilal, from Ibn Fazal, from Abu Hamza,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I heard him-asws saying: ‘There is nothing of a greater Reward that the testimony, ‘There is no god except Allah-azwj’, because Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is such, nothing can equate Him-azwj, nor can anyone associate with Him-azwj in the Command.[5]
6- يد، التوحيد ابْنُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنِ الْأَسَدِيِّ عَنِ النَّخَعِيِّ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى ضَمِنَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِ ضَمَاناً قَالَ قُلْتُ وَ مَا هُوَ
‘Al Tawheed’ – Ibn Al Mutawakkal, from Al Asady, from Al Nakhaie, from Al Nowfaly, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Al Mufazzal who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted has Guaranteed a guarantee for the Momin’. He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘And what is it?’
قَالَ ضَمِنَ لَهُ إِنْ هُوَ أَقَرَّ لَهُ بِالرُّبُوبِيَّةِ وَ لِمُحَمَّدٍ ص بِالنُّبُوَّةِ وَ لِعَلِيٍّ ع بِالْإِمَامَةِ وَ أَدَّى مَا افْتَرَضَهُ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُسْكِنَهُ فِي جِوَارِهِ
He-asws said: ‘He-azwj Guaranteed for him that if he were to acknowledge to Him-azwj with the Lordship, and to Muhammad-saww with the Prophet-hood, and to Ali-asws with the Imamate, and fulfil whatever is Obligated upon him, that He-azwj would Settle him in His-azwj vicinity’.
قَالَ قُلْتُ فَهَذِهِ وَ اللَّهِ هِيَ الْكَرَامَةُ الَّتِي لَا يُشْبِهُهَا كَرَامَةُ الْآدَمِيِّينَ
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘By Allah-azwj these are the honours which cannot be resembled by the honours of the human beings.
قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع اعْمَلُوا قَلِيلًا تَتَنَعَّمُوا كَثِيراً
He (the narrator) said, ‘Then Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Do a few (good) deeds, you would be Favoured a lot’’.[6]
7- يد، التوحيد الْهَمَدَانِيُّ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْكَرْخِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ مَاتَ وَ لَا يُشْرِكُ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئاً أَحْسَنَ أَوْ أَسَاءَ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ
‘Al Tawheed’ – Al Hamdany, from Ali, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Ibrahim Bin Ziyad Al Karkhy,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from his-asws grandfather-asws, having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘One who dies and did not associate anything with Allah-azwj (i.e., from his choice or analogy), good or bad, would enter the Paradise’.[7]
8 يد، التوحيد ابْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ عَنِ الْبَطَائِنِيِ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ هُوَ أَهْلُ التَّقْوى وَ أَهْلُ الْمَغْفِرَةِ قَالَ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَنَا أَهْلٌ أَنْ أُتَّقَى وَ لَا يُشْرِكَ بِي عَبْدِي شَيْئاً وَ أَنَا أَهْلٌ إِنْ لَمْ يُشْرِكْ بِي عَبْدِي شَيْئاً أَنْ أُدْخِلَهُ الْجَنَّةَ
‘Ibn Al Tawheed’ – bn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Ibn Abu Al Khattab, from Ibn Asbat, from Al Batainy, from Abu Baseer,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: He is rightful to be feared and rightful for (Granting) the Forgiveness [74:56]. He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Said: “I-azwj am rightful of being feared, and that My-azwj servant should not associate anything with Me-azwj, and I-azwj am rightful that My-azwj servant does not associate anything with Me-azwj and that I-azwj Enter him into the Paradise”.
وَ قَالَ ع إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَقْسَمَ بِعِزَّتِهِ وَ جَلَالِهِ أَنْ لَا يُعَذِّبَ أَهْلَ تَوْحِيدِهِ بِالنَّارِ أَبَداً
And he-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Swore by His-azwj Might and His-azwj Majesty that He-azwj will not Punish the people professing His-azwj Tawheed, with the Fire, ever!”’.[8]
9- يد، التوحيد السِّنَانِيُّ عَنِ الْأَسَدِيِّ عَنِ النَّخَعِيِّ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى حَرَّمَ أَجْسَادَ الْمُوَحِّدِينَ عَلَى النَّارِ
‘Al Tawheed’ – Al Sinany, from Al Asady, from Al Nakhaie, from Al Nowfaly, from Ali Bin Saalim, from Abu Baseer who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted has Prohibited the bodies of the Unitarians upon the Fire.[9]
10- ثو، ثواب الأعمال يد، التوحيد أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَيْفٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَاةَ عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص أَنَّهُ قَالَ: الْمُوجِبَتَانِ مَنْ مَاتَ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ وَ مَنْ مَاتَ يُشْرِكُ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئاً يَدْخُلُ النَّارَ
‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – My father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Isa, from Al Husayn Bin Sayf, from his brother Ali, from his brother Sayf Bin Umeyra, from Al Hajaj Bin Artat, from Al Zubeyr, from Jabir Bin Abdullah,
‘From the Prophet-saww having said: ‘There are two Obligated ones – one who dies testifying that there is no god except Allah-azwj Alone, there being no associates for Him-azwj (and Masomeen-asws are the Conditions of the Oneness, see the Hadith no. 16) would enter the Paradise, and one who dies associating something with Allah-azwj would enter the Fire.[10]
11- ثو، ثواب الأعمال لي، الأمالي للصدوق يد، التوحيد بِالْإِسْنَادِ الْمُتَقَدِّمِ عَنْ سَيْفٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ عَنْ أَنَسٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص قَالَ: كُلُّ جَبَّارٍ عَنِيدٍ مَنْ أَبَى أَنْ يَقُولَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ
‘Sawaab Al Amaal’, ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq’, ‘Al Tawheed’ – By the preceding chain from Sayf, from Al Hassan Bin Al Sabah, from Anas,
‘From the Prophet-saww having said: ‘every stubborn tyrant [14:15], is one who refuses to say, ‘There is no god except Allah-azwj’’.[11]
12- يد، التوحيد أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْخُوزِيُّ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ الْخُوزِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْجُوَيْبَارِيِّ وَ يُقَالُ لَهُ الْهَرَوِيُّ وَ النَّهْرَوَانِيُّ وَ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ عَنِ الرِّضَا عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَا جَزَاءُ مَنْ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَيْهِ بِالتَّوْحِيدِ إِلَّا الْجَنَّةُ
‘Al Tawheed’ – Ahmad Bin Ibrahim Bin Abu Bakr Al Khowzy, from Ibrahim Bin Muhammad Bin Marwan Al Khowzy, from Ahmad Bin Abdullah Al Juweybari, and he is called Al Howzy, and Al Nahrwany, and Al Shaybani,
‘From Al-Reza Ali-asws Bin Musa-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws, from Ali-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘What is the Recompense of one upon whom Allah-azwj has Favoured with the Tawheed, except the Paradise?.[12]
13- يد، التوحيد وَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ كَلِمَةٌ عَظِيمَةٌ كَرِيمَةٌ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَنْ قَالَهَا مُخْلِصاً اسْتَوْجَبَ الْجَنَّةَ وَ مَنْ قَالَهَا كَاذِباً عَصَمَتْ مَالَهُ وَ دَمَهُ وَ كَانَ مَصِيرُهُ إِلَى النَّارِ
‘Al Tawheed’ – And by this chain,
‘He-asws said, ‘Rasool-Allah-saww: Surely, ‘There is no god except Allah-azwj’ is a great phrase unto Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic. One who says it sincerely would be Obligated the Paradise, and one who says it falsely, disobeying by his wealth (arrogance) and his blood (illegitimate), his destination would be to the Fire’’.[13]
14- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام يد، التوحيد مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الشَّاهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّيْسَابُورِيِّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ الطَّائِيُّ بِالْبَصْرَةِ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي فِي سَنَةِ سِتِّينَ وَ مِائَتَيْنِ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُوسَى الرِّضَا ع سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ وَ سِتِّينَ وَ مِائَةٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص يَقُولُ اللَّهُ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ حِصْنِي فَمَنْ دَخَلَهُ أَمِنَ مِنْ عَذَابِي
‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’, ‘Al Tawheed’ 0 Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Al Shah, from Muhammad Bin Abdullah Al Naysaboury, from Abu Al Qasim Abdullah Bin Ahmad bin Abbas Al Taaie at Al Basra who said, ‘My father narrated to be in the year two hundred and sixty saying,
‘It was narrated to me by Ali-asws Bin Musa Al-Reza-asws in the year two hundred and sixty-four (264 A.H.), saying: ‘It was narrated to me-asws by my-asws father-asws Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws who said, ‘It was narrated to me-asws by my-asws father-asws Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, who said, ‘It was narrated to me-asws by my-asws father-asws Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws who said, ‘It was narrated to me-asws by my-asws father-asws Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws who said, ‘It was narrated to me-asws by my-asws father-asws Al-Husayn-asws Bin Ali-asws who said, ‘It was narrated to me-asws by my-asws father Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj, Mighty is His-azwj Majesty Says: “(The phrase) ‘There is no god except Allah-azwj’ is My-azwj Fortress, so the one who enters it would be safe from My-azwj Punishment’’.[14]
15- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام يد، التوحيد مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْخَزْرَجِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي الصَّلْتِ الْهَرَوِيِ قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَعَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُوسَى الرِّضَا ع حِينَ رَحَلَ مِنْ نَيْسَابُورَ وَ هُوَ رَاكِبٌ بَغْلَةً شَهْبَاءَ فَإِذَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ وَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ وَ يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى وَ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ رَاهَوَيْهِ وَ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ قَدْ تَعَلَّقُوا بِلِجَامِ بَغْلَتِهِ فِي الْمُرَبَّعَةِ فَقَالُوا بِحَقِّ آبَائِكَ الطَّاهِرِينَ حَدِّثْنَا بِحَدِيثٍ سَمِعْتَهُ مِنْ أَبِيكَ
‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’, ‘Al Tawheed’ – Muhammad Bin Al Fazal Al Naysaboury, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Al Khazrajy, from Abu Al Salt Al Harwy who said,
‘I was with Ali-asws Bin Musa Al-Reza-asws when he-saww departed from Naysabour, and he-asws was riding a white-haired mule, when Muhammad Bin Rafaie, and Ahmad Bin Harb, and Yahya Bin Yahya, and Is’haq Bin Rahwiya, and a number of the people of knowledge had grabbed hold of the reins of his-asws mule in the square, and they said, ‘By the right of your-asws pure forefathers-asws! Narrate a Hadeeth to us you-asws heard from your-asws father-asws’.
فَأَخْرَجَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الْعَمَّارِيَّةِ وَ عَلَيْهِ مِطْرَفُ خَزٍّ ذُو وَجْهَيْنِ وَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي الْعَبْدُ الصَّالِحُ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي الصَّادِقُ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ بَاقِرُ عِلْمِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ سَيِّدُ الْعَابِدِينَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي سَيِّدُ شَبَابِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ الْحُسَيْنُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع قَالَ
So, he-asws brought out his-asws head from the palanquin – and upon it was a two-faceted curtain – and he-asws said: ‘It was narrated to me-asws by my-asws father-asws, the righteous servant Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws saying, ‘It was narrated to me-asws by my-asws father-asws the truthful Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws saying: ‘It was narrated to me-asws by my-asws father Abu Ja’far Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws, the expounder of the knowledge of the Prophets-as, saying: ‘It was narrated to me-asws by my-asws father Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws, chief of the worshippers, saying: ‘It was narrated to me-asws by my-asws father-asws, the chief of the youths of the people of the Paradise, Al-Husayn-asws, saying: ‘It was narrated to me-asws by my-asws father Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws saying:
سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ص يَقُولُ قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ إِنِّي أَنَا اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنَا فَاعْبُدُونِي وَ مَنْ جَاءَ مِنْكُمْ بِشَهَادَةِ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ بِالْإِخْلَاصِ دَخَلَ فِي حِصْنِي وَ مَنْ دَخَلَ فِي حِصْنِي أَمِنَ مِنْ عَذَابِي
‘I-asws heard the Prophet-saww saying: ‘Allah-azwj, Mighty is His-azwj Majesty, Said: “Me-azwj, I-azwj am Allah-azwj! There is no god except I-azwj, therefore worship Me-azwj. And one from you who comes with the testimony that there is no god except Allah-azwj, with the sincerity, would enter into My-azwj Fortress, and one who enters into My-azwj Fortress is safe from My-azwj Punishment’’.[15]
16- ثو، ثواب الأعمال مع، معاني الأخبار ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام يد، التوحيد ابْنُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنِ الْأَسَدِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الصُّوفِيِّ عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ رَاهَوَيْهِ قَالَ: لَمَّا وَافَى أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع نَيْسَابُورَ وَ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ مِنْهَا إِلَى الْمَأْمُونِ اجْتَمَعَ عَلَيْهِ أَصْحَابُ الْحَدِيثِ فَقَالُوا لَهُ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ تَرْحَلُ عَنَّا وَ لَا تُحَدِّثُنَا بِحَدِيثٍ فَنَسْتَفِيدَهُ مِنْكَ وَ كَانَ قَدْ قَعَدَ فِي الْعَمَّارِيَّةِ
‘Sawab Al Amaal, ‘Ma’any Al Akhbar’, ‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’, ‘Al Tawheed’ – Ibn Al Mutawakkal, from Al Asady, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn Al Sowfy, from Yusuf Bin Aqeel, from Is’haq Bin Rahwiya who said,
‘When Abu Al-Hassan Al-Reza-asws came to Naysabour and wanted to exit from it to (Caliph) Al-Mamoun, the companions of the Hadeeth gathered to him-asws and they said to him-asws, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! You-asws are departing from us and are not narrating a Hadeeth to us we could be benefitting with it, from you-asws’ – and he-asws was seated in the palanquin, so he-asws brought out his-asws head and said:
فَأَطْلَعَ رَأْسَهُ وَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبِي مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ أَبِي جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ أَبِي مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ أَبِي عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ أَبِي الْحُسَيْنَ بْنَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ أَبِي أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ جَبْرَئِيلَ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ اللَّهَ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ يَقُولُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ حِصْنِي فَمَنْ دَخَلَ حِصْنِي أَمِنَ عَذَابِي
‘I-asws heard my-asws father Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws saying, ‘I-asws heard my-asws father-asws Ja’far Bin Muhammad-asws saying: ‘I-asws heard my-asws father-asws Muhammad Bin Ali-asws saying: ‘I-asws heard my-asws father-asws Ali Bin Al Husayn-asws saying: ‘I-asws heard my-asws father-asws Al Husayn Bin Ali Bin Abu Talib-asws saying: ‘I-asws heard my-asws father-asws Amir Al Momineen Ali Bin Abu Talib-asws saying: ‘I-asws heard Rasool-Allah-saww saying: ‘I-saww heard Allah-azwj, Mighty is His-azwj Majesty Saying: “(The phrase) There is no god except Allah-azwj is My-azwj Fortress, so the one who enters My-azwj Fortress would be safe from My-azwj Punishment!”.
قَالَ فَلَمَّا مَرَّتِ الرَّاحِلَةُ نَادَانَا بِشُرُوطِهَا وَ أَنَا مِنْ شُرُوطِهَا
He (the narrator) said, ‘So when the riding animal passed by, he-asws called out to us: ‘With its conditions (stipulations), and I-asws am from its conditions (stipulations)!’’.[16]
17- يد، التوحيد أَبُو نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ تَمِيمٍ السَّرَخْسِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّامِيِّ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِسْرَائِيلَ عَنْ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ قَالَ: خَرَجْتُ لَيْلَةً مِنَ اللَّيَالِي فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص يَمْشِي وَحْدَهُ لَيْسَ مَعَهُ إِنْسَانٌ فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَمْشِيَ مَعَهُ أَحَدٌ
‘Al Tawheed’ – Abu Nasr Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Tameem Al Sarkhasy, from Muhammad Bin Idrees Al Shamy, from Is’haq Bin Israil, from Jareyr, from Abdul Aziz, from Zayd Bin Wahab,
‘From Abu Zarr-ra who said, ‘I-ra went out on a night from the night and there was Rasool-Allah-saww walking alone, there wasn’t any person with him-saww. I-ra thought that he-saww disliked that anyone walks with him-saww.
قَالَ فَجَعَلْتُ أَمْشِي فِي ظِلِّ الْقَمَرِ فَالْتَفَتَ فَرَآنِي فَقَالَ مَنْ هَذَا قُلْتُ أَبُو ذَرٍّ جَعَلَنِيَ اللَّهُ فِدَاكَ
He-ra said, ‘So, I went on to walk in the shade of the moon, and he-saww turned around and saw me-ra. He-saww said: ‘Who is this?’ I-ra said, ‘Abu Zarr-ra, may Allah-azwj Make me-ra to be sacrificed for you-saww!’
قَالَ يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ تَعَالَ فَمَشَيْتُ مَعَهُ سَاعَةً فَقَالَ إِنَّ الْمُكْثِرِينَ هُمُ الْأَقَلُّونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ إِلَّا مَنْ أَعْطَاهُ اللَّهُ خَيْراً فَنَفَخَ فِيهِ بِيَمِينِهِ وَ شِمَالِهِ وَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَ وَرَاءَهُ وَ عَمِلَ فِيهِ خَيْراً
He-saww said: ‘O Abu Zarr-ra, come!’ I-ra walked with him-saww for a while, and he-saww said: ‘They the majority, they would be the minority on the Day of Qiyamah, except one whom Allah-azwj Gives good’ – and he-saww blew on his-saww right, and on his-saww left, and in front of him-saww, and behind him-saww – ‘and does good (deeds) in it’.
قَالَ فَمَشَيْتُ مَعَهُ سَاعَةً فَقَالَ اجْلِسْ هَاهُنَا وَ أَجْلَسَنِي فِي قَاعٍ حَوْلَهُ حِجَارَةٌ فَقَالَ لِي اجْلِسْ حَتَّى أَرْجِعَ إِلَيْكَ
He-ra said, ‘I-ra walked with him-saww for a while, and he-saww said: ‘Be seated over here!’ – and he-saww made me-ra sit in a low level around which were rocks, and he-saww said to me-ra: ‘Remain seated until I-saww return to you-ra’.
قَالَ وَ انْطَلَقَ فِي الْحَرَّةِ حَتَّى لَمْ أَرَهُ وَ تَوَارَى عَنِّي فَأَطَالَ اللَّبْثَ ثُمَّ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُهُ ع وَ هُوَ مُقْبِلٌ وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ وَ إِنْ زَنَى وَ إِنْ سَرَقَ
He-ra said, ‘And he-saww went into the (mount) Al-Hira to the extent that I-ra did not see him-saww, and was hidden from me-ra. The wait was prolonged, then I-ra heard him-saww and he-saww was in front of me-ra, and was saying: ‘And even if he commits adultery, and even if he steals’.
قَالَ فَلَمَّا جَاءَ لَمْ أَصْبِرْ حَتَّى قُلْتُ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ جَعَلَنِيَ اللَّهُ فِدَاكَ مَنْ تُكَلِّمُهُ فِي جَانِبِ الْحَرَّةِ فَإِنِّي مَا سَمِعْتُ أَحَداً يَرُدُّ عَلَيْكَ شَيْئاً
He-ra said, ‘When he-saww came, I-ra could not be patient until I-ra said, ‘O Prophet-saww of Allah-azwj! May Allah-azwj Make me-ra to be sacrificed for you-saww! Who were you-saww speaking to in the side of the (mount) Hira, for I-ra did not hear anyone responding to you-saww with anything?’
قَالَ ذَاكَ جَبْرَئِيلُ عَرَضَ لِي فِي جَانِبِ الْحَرَّةِ فَقَالَ بَشِّرْ أُمَّتَكَ أَنَّهُ مَنْ مَاتَ لَا يُشْرِكُ بِاللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ شَيْئاً دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ
He-saww said: ‘That was Jibraeel-as who presented to me-saww by the side of Al-Hira, and he-as said: ‘Give glad tidings to your-saww community that the one who dies, not having associated anything with Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, would enter the Paradise’.
قَالَ قُلْتُ يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ وَ إِنْ زَنَى وَ إِنْ سَرَقَ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَ إِنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ
He (the narrator) said, ‘I-saww said: ‘And even if he commits adultery, and even if he steals?’ He-as said: ‘Yes, and even if he drinks the wine.[17]
18- ما، الأمالي للشيخ الطوسي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ بِلَالٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ الدَّهَّانِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا الصَّادِقَ ع فَقَالَ لَهُ أَخْبِرْنِي أَيُّ الْأَعْمَالِ أَفْضَلُ قَالَ تَوْحِيدُكَ لِرَبِّكَ
‘Al Amaali’ of the sheykh Al Tusi – Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Al Hassan Bin Shazan, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ali Bin Bilal, from Muhammad Bin Bashir Al Dahan, from Muhammad Bin Sama’at who said,
‘One of our companions asked Al-Sadiq-asws, saying to him-asws, ‘Inform me, which is the superior deed?’ He-asws said: ‘Your professing the Tawheed to your Lord-azwj’.
قَالَ فَمَا أَعْظَمُ الذُّنُوبِ قَالَ تَشْبِيهُكَ لِخَالِقِكَ
He said, ‘What is the greatest sin?’ He-asws said: ‘You giving a resemblance (i.e., creating an image) to your Creator.[18]
19- يد، التوحيد أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ غَالِبٍ الْأَنْمَاطِيُّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ غَزْوَانَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص بَيْنَمَا رَجُلٌ مُسْتَلْقٍ عَلَى ظَهْرِهِ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَ إِلَى النُّجُومِ وَ يَقُولُ وَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ لَكَ لَرَبّاً هُوَ خَالِقُكَ اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي قَالَ فَنَظَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهِ فَغَفَرَ لَهُ
‘Al Tawheed’ – Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Ghalib Al Namaty, from Ahmad Bin Al Hassan Bin Gazwan, from Ibrahim Bin Ahmad, from Dawood Bin Amro, from Abdullah Bin Ja’far, from Zayd Bin Aslam, from Ata’a Bin Yasar, from Abu Hureyra (a well-known fabricator) who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘While a man is lying on his back, looking at the sky and to the stars, and (even if) he says, ‘By Allah-azwj! If there was a lord for You-azwj, he would be Your-azwj creator. (And then says) O Allah-azwj! Forgive me’. He-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Looks at him (Considers), and Forgives him’’.[19]
20- يد، التوحيد عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ أَبِي يَزِيدَ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ الْمُزَنِيِّ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عِيسَى الْبِسْطَامِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْوَارِثِ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ عَنْ أَبِي بَشِيرٍ الْعَنْبَرِيِّ عَنْ حُمْرَانَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ مَاتَ وَ هُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ حَقٌّ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ
‘Al Tawheed’ – Abdul Hameed Bin Abdul Rahman, from Abu Yazeed Bin Mahboub Al Muzny, from Al Husayn Ibn Isa Al Bastamy, from Abdul Samad Bin Abdul Waris, from Sha’ba, from Khalid Al Haza’a, from Abu Bashir Al Anbary, from Humran,
‘From Usman Bin Affan who said, ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘One who dies and he knows that Allah-azwj is True, would enter the Paradise.[20]
21- يد، التوحيد الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَحْمُودٍ عَنْ حُمْرَانَ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ قَالَ: كُنْتُ رَدِفَ النَّبِيَّ ص قَالَ يَا مُعَاذُ هَلْ تَدْرِي مَا حَقُّ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى الْعِبَادِ يَقُولُهَا ثَلَاثاً قَالَ قُلْتُ اللَّهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ
‘Al Tawheed’ – Al-Hassan Bin Ali Bin Muhammad Al Attar, from Muhammad Bin Mahmoud, from Humran, from Malik Bin Ibrahim, from Haseyn, from Al Aswad Bin Hilal,
‘From Muaz Bin Jabal (an enemy of Allah-azwj – the one who testified against Syeda Fatima regarding the matter of Fadak) said, ‘I was walking behind the Prophet-saww. He-saww said: ‘O Muaz! Do you know what is a right of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic upon the servants?’ – saying it thrice. He (Muaz) said, ‘I said, ‘Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww are more knowing’.
فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص حَقُّ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى الْعِبَادِ أَنْ لَا يُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئاً
Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘A right of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic upon the servants is that they would not associate anything with Him-azwj’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ ص هَلْ تَدْرِي مَا حَقُّ الْعِبَادِ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِذَا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ قَالَ قُلْتُ اللَّهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ
Then, he-saww said: ‘Do you know what is a right of the servants upon Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, when they do that?’ He (Muaz) said, ‘I said, ‘Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww are more knowing’.
قَالَ أَنْ لَا يُعَذِّبَهُمْ أَوْ قَالَ أَنْ لَا يُدْخِلَهُمُ النَّارَ
He-saww said: ‘That He-azwj would not Punish them’. Or he-saww said: ‘That He-azwj would not Enter them into the Fire’’.[21]
22- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام أَبُو نَصْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ النَّقِيِّ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص عَنْ جَبْرَئِيلَ سَيِّدِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ سَيِّدُ السَّادَاتِ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ إِنِّي أَنَا اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنَا مَنْ أَقَرَّ لِي بِالتَّوْحِيدِ دَخَلَ حِصْنِي وَ مَنْ دَخَلَ حِصْنِي أَمِنَ عَذَابِي
‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’ – Abu Nasr Ahmad Bin Al Husayn, from Abu Al Qasim Muhammad Bin Ubeydullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Ibn Ibrahim Bin Hashim,
‘From Al-Hassan Bin Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Ali son of Musa Bin Ja’far-asws, from his father-asws Ali Bin Muhammad Al-Naqi-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws, from Amir Al-Momineen-asws, from the Prophet-saww, from Jibraeel-as, chief of the Angels who said, ‘So Said, the Chief of all chiefs, the Mighty and Majestic: “Me-azwj, I-azwj am Allah-azwj! There is no god except I-azwj. One who acknowledges to me with the Tawheed would enter My-azwj Fortress, and one who enters My-azwj Fortress is safe from My-azwj Punishment”’.[22]
– 23- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام ع، علل الشرائع فِي عِلَلِ الْفَضْلِ عَنِ الرِّضَا ع فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ لِمَ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ الْخَلْقَ بِالْإِقْرَارِ بِاللَّهِ وَ بِرُسُلِهِ وَ حُجَجِهِ وَ بِمَا جَاءَ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قِيلَ لِعِلَلٍ كَثِيرَةٍ
‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’ – In (the book) Illal Al Fazl –
‘From Al-Reza-asws: ‘If a speaker were to say, ‘Why did Allah-azwj Command the creatures with the acknowledgement with Allah-azwj, and with His-azwj Rasool-saww, and His-azwj Divine Authorities (Infallible Imams-asws), and with whatever came from the Presence of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic?’ It would be said, ‘For many reasons: –
مِنْهَا أَنَّ مَنْ لَمْ يُقِرَّ بِاللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَمْ يَجْتَنِبْ مَعَاصِيَهُ وَ لَمْ يَنْتَهِ عَنِ ارْتِكَابِ الْكَبَائِرِ وَ لَمْ يُرَاقِبْ أَحَداً فِيمَا يَشْتَهِي وَ يَسْتَلِذُّ مِنَ الْفَسَادِ وَ الظُّلْمِ
From these is that one who does not acknowledge with Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic would not be shunning His-azwj disobedience, and would not be finished from indulging in the major sins, and would not be observing anyone in what he desires and derives pleasure from the corruption and the injustice.
فَإِذَا فَعَلَ النَّاسُ هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءَ وَ ارْتَكَبَ كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ مَا يَشْتَهِي وَ يَهْوَاهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ مُرَاقَبَةٍ لِأَحَدٍ كَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ فَسَادُ الْخَلْقِ أَجْمَعِينَ وَ وُثُوبُ بَعْضِهِمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ فَغَصَبُوا الْفُرُوجَ وَ الْأَمْوَالَ وَ أَبَاحُوا الدِّمَاءَ وَ النِّسَاءَ وَ قَتَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضاً مِنْ غَيْرِ حَقٍّ وَ لَا جُرْمٍ فَيَكُونُ فِي ذَلِكَ خَرَابُ الدُّنْيَا وَ هَلَاكُ الْخَلْقِ وَ فَسَادُ الْحَرْثِ وَ النَّسْلِ
When the people do these things, and every person indulges in whatever he desires and his whims, from without observing anyone, in that would be corruption of the entirety of the people, and their leaping upon each other. They would usurp the marriages and the wealth, and legalise the blood and the women, and they would kill each other without a right or a crime. Thus, there would happen to be the ruination of the world and the destruction of the people, and the spoiling of the farms and the lineages.
وَ مِنْهَا أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حَكِيمٌ وَ لَا يَكُونُ الْحَكِيمُ وَ لَا يُوصَفُ بِالْحِكْمَةِ إِلَّا الَّذِي يَحْظُرُ الْفَسَادَ وَ يَأْمُرُ بِالصَّلَاحِ وَ يَزْجُرُ عَنِ الظُّلْمِ وَ يَنْهَى عَنِ الْفَوَاحِشِ وَ لَا يَكُونُ حَظْرُ الْفَسَادِ وَ الْأَمْرُ بِالصَّلَاحِ وَ النَّهْيُ عَنِ الْفَوَاحِشِ إِلَّا بَعْدَ الْإِقْرَارِ بِاللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ مَعْرِفَةِ الْآمِرِ وَ النَّاهِي
And from these is that Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Wise, and he cannot happen to be the wise nor can he be described to be with the wisdom, except the one who warns of the corruption and enjoins with the correction, and rebukes from the injustice, and forbids from the immoralities. And there can neither happen to be a caution of the corruption, and enjoining with the correction, and the forbiddance from the immoralities, except after the acknowledgement with Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and the recognition of the enjoinment and the forbiddances.
فَلَوْ تُرِكَ النَّاسُ بِغَيْرِ إِقْرَارٍ بِاللَّهِ وَ لَا مَعْرِفَتِهِ لَمْ يَثْبُتْ أَمْرٌ بِصَلَاحٍ وَ لَا نَهْيٌ عَنْ فَسَادٍ إِذْ لَا آمِرَ وَ لَا نَاهِيَ
If the people were to be left to be without acknowledgement of Allah-azwj, or having His-azwj recognition, the enjoinment would not be affirmed with the correction, nor forbiddance from corruption when they would neither enjoin nor forbid.
وَ مِنْهَا أَنَّا وَجَدْنَا الْخَلْقَ قَدْ يُفْسِدُونَ بِأُمُورٍ بَاطِنِيَّةٍ مَسْتُورَةٍ عَنِ الْخَلْقِ فَلَوْ لَا الْإِقْرَارُ بِاللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ خَشْيَتُهُ بِالْغَيْبِ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدٌ إِذَا خَلَا بِشَهْوَتِهِ وَ إِرَادَتِهِ يُرَاقِبُ أَحَداً فِي تَرْكِ مَعْصِيَةٍ وَ انْتِهَاكِ حُرْمَةٍ وَ ارْتِكَابِ كَبِيرَةٍ إِذَا كَانَ فِعْلُهُ ذَلِكَ مَسْتُوراً عَنِ الْخَلْقِ غَيْرَ مُرَاقَبٍ لِأَحَدٍ وَ كَانَ يَكُونُ فِي ذَلِكَ هَلَاكُ الْخَلْقِ أَجْمَعِينَ
If the people, and from these, is that we find the people to be corrupting the esoteric matters, veiled from the people. If they do not acknowledge the acknowledgement with Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic and fearing Him-azwj in the private, there would not happen to be anyone, when he is alone with his desires and his intentions observe anyone in leaving the disobedience and violating the sanctity, and indulging in major sins, when that deed of his was veiled from the people, not being observed by anyone, and there would happen to be in that, the destruction of the entirety of the people.
فَلَمْ يَكُنْ قِوَامُ الْخَلْقِ وَ صَلَاحُهُمْ إِلَّا بِالْإِقْرَارِ مِنْهُمْ بِعَلِيمٍ خَبِيرٍ يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ وَ أَخْفى آمِرٍ بِالصَّلَاحِ نَاهٍ عَنِ الْفَسَادِ وَ لَا تَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ خَافِيَةٌ لِيَكُونَ فِي ذَلِكَ انْزِجَارٌ لَهُمْ عَمَّا يَخْلُونَ بِهِ مِنْ أَنْوَاعِ الْفَسَادِ
The uprightness of the people and their correction cannot happen except with the acknowledgement from them with the All-Knowing, All-Informed Knowing (all) the secrets and hidden matters, Commanding with the correction, Forbidding from the corruption, and no hidden matter being hidden from Him-azwj, there would happen to be in that, rebukes for them from what they are along with, from the variety of the corruptions.
فَإِنْ قَالَ فَلِمَ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْإِقْرَارُ وَ الْمَعْرِفَةُ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى وَاحِدٌ أَحَدٌ قِيلَ لِعِلَلٍ مِنْهَا أَنَّهُ لَوْ لَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْإِقْرَارُ وَ الْمَعْرِفَةُ لَجَازَ أَنْ يَتَوَهَّمُوا مُدَبِّرَيْنِ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ
If he says, ‘Why is it Obligated upon them, the acknowledgement and the recognition with that Allah-azwj the Exalted is One, Individual?’ It would be said, ‘For the reasons, from these is that if it was not Obligated upon them, the acknowledgement and the recognition, it would be allowed that they could be planning fancifully, or more than that.
وَ إِذَا جَازَ ذَلِكَ لَمْ يَهْتَدُوا إِلَى الصَّانِعِ لَهُمْ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ لِأَنَّ كُلَّ إِنْسَانٍ مِنْهُمْ كَانَ لَا يَدْرِي لَعَلَّهُ إِنَّمَا يَعْبُدُ غَيْرَ الَّذِي خَلَقَهُ وَ يُطِيعُ غَيْرَ الَّذِي أَمَرَهُ فَلَا يَكُونُونَ عَلَى حَقِيقَةٍ مِنْ صَانِعِهِمْ وَ خَالِقِهِمْ وَ لَا يَثْبُتُ عِنْدَهُمْ أَمْرُ آمِرٍ وَ لَا نَهْيُ نَاهٍ إِذْ لَا يَعْرِفُ الْآمِرَ بِعَيْنِهِ وَ لَا النَّاهِيَ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ
And when that is allowed, they would not be guided to the Maker of theirs from someone else, because every human being from them does not know, perhaps, rather, he is worshipping other than the One Who Created him, and obeying other than the One Who Commanded him. Therefore, they would not happen to be upon the reality of the One Who Made them and Created them, nor would it be proved with them, a Command of the Commander, nor a Forbiddance from the Forbidder, when they neither recognise the Commander with exactness, nor the Forbidder from someone else.
وَ مِنْهَا أَنْ لَوْ جَازَ أَنْ يَكُونَ اثْنَيْنِ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدُ الشَّرِيكَيْنِ أَوْلَى بِأَنْ يُعْبَدَ وَ يُطَاعَ مِنَ الْآخَرِ وَ فِي إِجَازَةِ أَنْ يُطَاعَ ذَلِكَ الشَّرِيكُ إِجَازَةُ أَنْ لَا يُطَاعَ اللَّهُ وَ فِي أَنْ لَا يُطَاعَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الْكُفْرُ بِاللَّهِ وَ بِجَمِيعِ كُتُبِهِ وَ رُسُلِهِ وَ إِثْبَاتُ كُلِّ بَاطِلٍ وَ تَرْكُ كُلِّ حَقٍّ وَ تَحْلِيلُ كُلِّ حَرَامٍ وَ تَحْرِيمُ كُلِّ حَلَالٍ وَ الدُّخُولُ فِي كُلِّ مَعْصِيَةٍ وَ الْخُرُوجُ مِنْ كُلِّ طَاعَةٍ وَ إِبَاحَةُ كُلِّ فَسَادٍ وَ إِبْطَالُ كُلِّ حَقٍّ
And from these is that, if it were allowed that there happen to be two, not one of the two associates would be foremost in being worshipped and obeyed than the other. And in the allowance of that associate is an allowance that Allah-azwj is not obeyed, and in not obeying Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is the Kufr with Allah-azwj, and with the entirety of His-azwj Books, and His-azwj Rasools-as, and proof of every falsehood and neglect of every truth, and permission of every Prohibition, and prohibition of every Permissible, and the entry into every disobedience, and the exit from every obedience, and considering neutral of every corruption, and invalidation of every truth.
وَ مِنْهَا أَنَّهُ لَوْ جَازَ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ وَاحِدٍ لَجَازَ لِإِبْلِيسَ أَنْ يَدَّعِيَ أَنَّهُ ذَلِكَ الْآخَرُ حَتَّى يُضَادَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى فِي جَمِيعِ حُكْمِهِ وَ يَصْرِفَ الْعِبَادَ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ فَيَكُونُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَعْظَمُ الْكُفْرِ وَ أَشَدُّ النِّفَاقِ
And from these is that, if it was allowed that there happen to be more than one (God), it would be allowed for Iblees-la that he-la is that other one, until he-la opposes Allah-azwj the Exalted in the entirety of His-azwj Judgments, and disperse the people to himself-la. Thus, there would happen to be in that, the greatest of the Kufr, and the most intense of the hypocrisy.
فَإِنْ قَالَ فَلِمَ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْإِقْرَارُ بِاللَّهِ بِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ قِيلَ لِعِلَلٍ مِنْهَا أَنْ يَكُونُوا قَاصِدِينَ نَحْوَهُ بِالْعِبَادَةِ وَ الطَّاعَةِ دُونَ غَيْرِهِ غَيْرَ مُشْتَبِهٍ عَلَيْهِمْ أَمْرُ رَبِّهِمْ وَ صَانِعِهِمْ وَ رَازِقِهِمْ
If he says, ‘Why is it Obligated upon them, the acknowledgement to Allah-azwj that there isn’t anything like Him-azwj?’ It would be said, ‘From these is that there would happen to be two similar aims with the worship and the obedience besides someone else, it would not be doubtful upon them the Command of their Lord-azwj, and their Maker, and their Sustainer.
وَ مِنْهَا أَنَّهُمْ لَوْ لَمْ يَعْلَمُوا أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ لَمْ يَدْرُوا لَعَلَّ رَبَّهُمْ وَ صَانِعَهُمْ هَذِهِ الْأَصْنَامُ الَّتِي نَصَبَتْهَا لَهُمْ آبَاؤُهُمْ وَ الشَّمْسُ وَ الْقَمَرُ وَ النِّيرَانُ إِذَا كَانَ جَائِزاً أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ مُشْتَبِهَةٌ وَ كَانَ يَكُونُ فِي ذَلِكَ الْفَسَادُ وَ تَرْكُ طَاعَاتِهِ كُلِّهَا وَ ارْتِكَابُ مَعَاصِيهِ كُلِّهَا عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا يَتَنَاهَى إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَخْبَارِ هَذِهِ الْأَرْبَابِ وَ أَمْرِهَا وَ نَهْيِهَا
And from these – they, if they do not know that there isn’t anything like Him-azwj, they would not know, perhaps their Lord-azwj and their Maker are these idols which have been established by their fathers for them, and the sun, and the moon, and the fires, when it was allowed that the doubt happen to be upon them, and there would happen to be in that, the corruption and the neglect of His-azwj obedience, all of it, and indulging in His-azwj disobediences, all of these upon a measurement of what is Forbidden to them from the news of these lords and their orders and their forbiddances.
وَ مِنْهَا أَنَّهُ لَوْ لَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَعْرِفُوا أَنْ لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ لَجَازَ عِنْدَهُمْ أَنْ يَجْرِيَ عَلَيْهِ مَا يَجْرِي عَلَى الْمَخْلُوقِينَ مِنَ الْعَجْزِ وَ الْجَهْلِ وَ التَّغَيُّرِ وَ الزَّوَالِ وَ الْفَنَاءِ وَ الْكَذِبِ وَ الِاعْتِدَاءِ وَ مَنْ جَازَتْ عَلَيْهِ هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءُ لَمْ يُؤْمَنْ فَنَاؤُهُ وَ لَمْ يُوثَقْ بِعَدْلِهِ وَ لَمْ يُحَقَّقْ قَوْلُهُ وَ أَمْرُهُ وَ نَهْيُهُ وَ وَعْدُهُ وَ وَعِيدُهُ وَ ثَوَابُهُ وَ عِقَابُهُ وَ فِي ذَلِكَ فَسَادُ الْخَلْقِ وَ إِبْطَالُ الرُّبُوبِيَّةِ
And from these is that if it was not Obligated upon them that they recognise that, there isn’t anything like him, it would be allowed with them that there flows upon them what flows upon the people, from the frustration, and the ignorance, and the changes, and the decline, and the perishing, and the lies, and the transgression. And the one upon whom these things are allowed, would not be safe from perishing, and would not be firm with his justice, and His-azwj Words would not be proven true, and His-azwj Commands, and His-azwj Forbiddances, and His-azwj Promises, and His-azwj Appointments, and His-azwj Rewards, and His-azwj Punishments; and in that is the corruption of the people and invalidation of the Lordship’’.[23]
24- ثو، ثواب الأعمال أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى وَ ابْنِ هَاشِمٍ وَ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْكُوفِيِّ جَمِيعاً عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَيْفٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ الْمَدِينِيِّ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ ما كُنْتَ بِجانِبِ الطُّورِ إِذْ نادَيْنا قَالَ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ كِتَاباً قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ الْخَلْقَ بِأَلْفَيْ عَامٍ
‘Sawab Al Amaal’ – My father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Isa, and Ibn Hashim, and Al Hassan Bin Ali Al Kufi, altogether from Al Husayn Bin Sayf, from his father, from Abu Hazim Al Madainy, from Sahl Bin Sa’ad Al Ansary who said,
‘I asked Rasool-Allah-saww about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: And you were not by the side of the (mount) Toor when We Called out [28:46]. He-saww said: ‘He-asws said: ‘A Book which Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Wrote in a Parchment Demonstrating in it, before Allah-azwj Created the creatures by two thousand years.
فِي وَرَقِ آسٍ ثُمَّ وَضَعَهَا عَلَى الْعَرْشِ ثُمَّ نَادَى يَا أُمَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ إِنَّ رَحْمَتِي سَبَقَتْ غَضَبِي أَعْطَيْتُكُمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَسْأَلُونِي وَ غَفَرْتُ لَكُمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَسْتَغْفِرُونِي فَمَنْ لَقِيَنِي مِنْكُمْ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنَا وَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدِي وَ رَسُولِي أَدْخَلْتُهُ الْجَنَّةَ بِرَحْمَتِي
In it was Inscribed: ‘O Shias of the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww! I-azwj Give you before you ask Me-azwj, and Forgive you before you seek Forgiveness from Me-azwj – the one from you who Meets Me-azwj, having testified that there is no god except Allah-azwj and that Muhammad-saww is My-azwj servant and My-azwj Rasool-saww, I-azwj shall Enter him into paradise by My-azwj Mercy’’.[24]
25- سن، المحاسن الْوَشَّاءُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَائِذٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ السَّوَّاقِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ تَغْلِبَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: يَا أَبَانُ إِذَا قَدِمْتَ الْكُوفَةَ فَارْوِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مَنْ شَهِدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ مُخْلِصاً وَجَبَتْ لَهُ الْجَنَّةُ
‘Al Mahasin’ – Al Washa’a, from Ahmad Bin Aiz, from Abu Al Hassan Al Sawaq, from Aban Bin Taglub,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘O Aban! When you proceed to Al-Kufa, then report this Hadeeth: ‘One who testifies that there is no god except Allah-azwj, sincerely, the Paradise would be Obligated for him’.
قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّهُ يَأْتِينِي كُلُّ صِنْفٍ مِنَ الْأَصْنَافِ فَأَرْوِي لَهُمْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘There would be coming to be, every type from the types (of people), so shall I report this Hadeeth to them (all)?’
قَالَ نَعَمْ يَا أَبَانُ إِنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ جَمَعَ اللَّهُ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَ الْآخِرِينَ فَيُسْلَبُ مِنْهُمْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ إِلَّا مَنْ كَانَ عَلَى هَذَا الْأَمْرِ
He-asws said: ‘Yes, O Aban! When it will be the Day of Qiyamah and Allah-azwj Gathers the former ones and the latter ones, He-azwj would Confiscate from them, ‘There is no god except Allah-azwj’, except from the ones who were upon this matter (Wilayah)’’.[25]
26- سن، المحاسن صَالِحُ بْنُ السِّنْدِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ عَنِ الصَّبَّاحِ الْحَذَّاءِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ تَغْلِبَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ نَادَى مُنَادٍ مَنْ شَهِدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ فَيَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ
‘Al Mahasin’ – Salih Bin Al Sindy, from Ja’far Bin Bashir, from Al Sabah Al Haza’a, from Aban Bin Taglib,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When it will be the Day of Qiyamah, a Caller would Call out: ‘Whoever testified that there is no god except Allah-azwj, so let him enter the Paradise!’
قَالَ قُلْتُ فَعَلَامَ تَخَاصُمُ النَّاسِ إِذَا كَانَ مَنْ شَهِدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ
He (the narrator) said, ‘Then upon what would He-azwj Contend the people when the ones who had testified that there is no god except Allah-azwj enter the Paradise?’
فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ نَسُوهَا
He-asws said: ‘When it will be the Day of Qiyamah, they would forget it’’.[26]
27- صح، صحيفة الرضا عليه السلام عَنِ الرِّضَا عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ حِصْنِي فَمَنْ دَخَلَ حِصْنِي أَمِنَ مِنْ عَذَابِي
From Al-Reza-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: “(The phrase) ‘There is no god except Allah-azwj’ is My-azwj Fortress, so the one who enters My-azwj Fortress would be safe from My-azwj Punishment”’.[27]
28- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام نَرْوِي أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص أَنَّهُ قَالَ مَنْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ
‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’ – We are reporting that a man came to Abu Ja’far-asws about the Hadeeth being reported from Rasool-Allah-saww having said: ‘One who says, ‘There is no god except Allah-azwj’ would enter the Paradise’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع الْخَبَرُ حَقٌّ فَوَلَّى الرَّجُلُ مُدْبِراً فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ أَمَرَ بِرَدِّهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا هَذَا إِنَّ لِلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ شُرُوطاً أَلَا وَ إِنِّي مِنْ شُرُوطِهَا
Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘The Hadeeth is true’. The man turned around, and when he had gone out, he-asws ordered for returning him. Then he-asws said: ‘O you! For (the phrase), ‘There is no god except Allah-azwj’ there are conditions (stipulations), and I-asws am from these conditions (stipulations).[28]
29- غو، غوالي اللئالي قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص مَنْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ وَ إِنْ زَنَى وَ إِنْ سَرَقَ
‘Gawaly Al La’ali’ – The Prophet-saww said: ‘One who says, ‘There is no god except Allah-azwj’, would enter the Paradise, and even if he has committed adultery, and even if he has stolen.[29]
30- ما، الأمالي للشيخ الطوسي جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ أَبِي الْمُفَضَّلِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ عَنْ مُعَتِّبٍ مَوْلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ع قَالَ: جَاءَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ص فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَلْ لِلْجَنَّةِ مِنْ ثَمَنٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ مَا ثَمَنُهَا
‘Al Amaali’ of the sheykh Al Tusi – A group, from Abu Al Mufazzal, from Ahmad Bin Isa Bin Muhammad, from Al Qasim Bin Ismail, from Ibrahim Bin Abdul Hameed,
‘From Mo’tab, a slave of Abu Abdullah-asws, from him-asws, from his-asws father-asws having said: ‘A Bedouin came to the Prophet-saww and he said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! Is there a price to be paid for the Paradise?’ He-saww said: ‘Yes’. He said, ‘What is its price?’
قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ يَقُولُهَا الْعَبْدُ مُخْلِصاً بِهَا قَالَ وَ مَا إِخْلَاصُهَا قَالَ الْعَمَلُ بِمَا بُعِثْتُ بِهِ فِي حَقِّهِ وَ حُبُّ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي قَالَ فِدَاكَ أَبِي وَ أُمِّي وَ إِنَّ حُبَّ أَهْلِ الْبَيْتِ لَمِنْ حَقِّهَا قَالَ إِنَّ حُبَّهُمْ لَأَعْظَمُ حَقِّهَا
He-saww said: ‘(The phrase) ‘There is no god except Allah-azwj’. The servant says it and is sincere with it. He said, ‘And what is its sincerity?’ He-saww said: ‘The acting with what he-saww had been Sent with, regarding its rights, and love of the People-asws of my-saww Household’. He said, ‘May my father and my mother be sacrificed for you! And to love the People-asws of the Household is from its rights?’ He-saww said: ‘Having their-asws love is the greatest of its rights’’.[30]
31 كَنْزُ الْكَرَاجُكِيِّ، رُوِيَ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ رَفَعَ دَرَجَةَ اللِّسَانِ فَأَنْطَقَهُ بِتَوْحِيدِهِ مِنْ بَيْنِ الْجَوَارِحِ
‘Kanz’ of Al Karajaky –
‘It is reported from Amir Al-Momineen-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj Raised the rank of the tongue, so it spoke with His-azwj Tawheed, from between the (other) limbs’’.[31]
32- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا افْتَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَى عِبَادِهِ وَ أَوْجَبَ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ مَعْرِفَةُ الْوَحْدَانِيَّةِ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى وَ ما قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِ يَقُولُ مَا عَرَفُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ مَعْرِفَتِهِ
‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’ – The first of what Allah-azwj Necessitated upon His-azwj servants, and Obligated upon His-azwj creatures is the recognition of the Oneness. Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Said: And they are not appreciating Allah with the appreciation that is due to Him [39:67]. He-azwj is Saying: “And they did not recognise Allah-azwj with His-azwj rightful recognition’’.[32]
33- وَ نَرْوِي عَنْ بَعْضِ الْعُلَمَاءِ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي تَفْسِيرِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ هَلْ جَزاءُ الْإِحْسانِ إِلَّا الْإِحْسانُ مَا جَزَاءُ مَنْ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ بِالْمَعْرِفَةِ إِلَّا الْجَنَّةُ
And it is reported from one of the Scholars-asws having said regarding the interpretation of this Verse: Is the Recompense of goodness except the goodness? [55:60]: ‘What is a Recompense of one upon whom Allah-azwj Favoured with the recognition, except the Paradise?’’.[33]
34- وَ أَرْوِي أَنَّ الْمَعْرِفَةَ التَّصْدِيقُ وَ التَّسْلِيمُ وَ الْإِخْلَاصُ فِي السِّرِّ وَ الْعَلَانِيَةِ
And it is reported that the ratification, and the submission, and the sincerity is (to be) in the secrecy and openly.
وَ أَرْوِي أَنَّ حَقَّ الْمَعْرِفَةِ أَنْ تُطِيعَ وَ لَا تَعْصِيَ وَ تَشْكُرَ وَ لَا تَكْفُرَ
And it is reported that a right of the recognition is that you will obey and not disobey, and you will be thankful and not commit Kufr’.[34]
35- مص، مصباح الشريعة قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع الْعَارِفُ شَخْصُهُ مَعَ الْخَلْقِ وَ قَلْبُهُ مَعَ اللَّهِ لَوْ سَهَا قَلْبُهُ عَنِ اللَّهِ طَرْفَةَ عَيْنٍ لَمَاتَ شَوْقاً إِلَيْهِ
‘Misbah Al Sharie’ – Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘The spiritualist, his person is with the people and his heart is with Allah-azwj. If his heart is inattentive to Allah-azwj even for the blink of an eye, his desire for Him-azwj would die.
وَ الْعَارِفُ أَمِينُ وَدَائِعِ اللَّهِ وَ كَنْزُ أَسْرَارِهِ وَ مَعْدِنُ نُورِهِ وَ دَلِيلُ رَحْمَتِهِ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ وَ مَطِيَّةُ عُلُومِهِ وَ مِيزَانُ فَضْلِهِ وَ عَدْلِهِ قَدْ غَنِيَ عَنِ الْخَلْقِ وَ الْمُرَادِ وَ الدُّنْيَا
And the spiritualist is a trustee and a depository of Allah-azwj and a treasure deposit of His-azwj Secrets, and a Mine of His-azwj Light, and evidence of His-azwj Mercy upon His-azwj creatures, and a carrier of His-azwj Knowledge, and a scale of His-azwj Merits and His-azwj Justice, having become needless of the people, and the wants, and the world.
فَلَا مُونِسَ لَهُ سِوَى اللَّهِ وَ لَا نُطْقَ وَ لَا إِشَارَةَ وَ لَا نَفَسَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ وَ لِلَّهِ وَ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَ مَعَ اللَّهِ فَهُوَ فِي رِيَاضِ قُدْسِهِ مُتَرَدِّدٌ وَ مِنْ لَطَائِفِ فَضْلِهِ إِلَيْهِ مُتَزَوِّدٌ وَ الْمَعْرِفَةُ أَصْلٌ فَرْعُهُ الْإِيمَانُ
There is no comforter for him besides Allah-azwj, and he neither speaks, nor gestures, nor breathes except with Allah-azwj, and for Allah-azwj, and from Allah-azwj, and with Allah-azwj. Thus, he is in a robe of His-azwj Holiness, and being Supplied from the subtleties of His-azwj Merits, and the recognition is the root, and its branch is the Eman’’.[35]
36- جع، جامع الأخبار جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ مَا رَأْسُ الْعِلْمِ
A man came to Rasool-Allah-saww and said, ‘What is the head of the knowledge?’
قَالَ مَعْرِفَةُ اللَّهِ حَقَّ مَعْرِفَتِهِ
He-saww said: ‘Recognition of Allah-azwj as is the right of His-azwj recognition’.
قَالَ وَ مَا حَقُّ مَعْرِفَتِهِ
He said, ‘And what is a right of His-azwj recognition?’
قَالَ أَنْ تَعْرِفَهُ بِلَا مِثَالٍ وَ لَا شَبَهٍ وَ تَعْرِفَهُ إِلَهاً وَاحِداً خَالِقاً قَادِراً أَوَّلًا وَ آخِراً وَ ظَاهِراً وَ بَاطِناً لَا كُفْوَ لَهُ وَ لَا مِثْلَ لَهُ فَذَاكَ مَعْرِفَةُ اللَّهِ حَقَّ مَعْرِفَتِهِ
He-saww said: ‘That your recognising Him-azwj as being without an example or a resemblance, and your recognising Him-azwj as One God, Creator, Powerful, First, Last, Manifest, Hidden, there being no match for Him-azwj nor an example for Him-azwj. So that is a recognition of Allah-azwj as is the right of His-azwj recognition (understanding)’’.[36]
37- جع، جامع الأخبار قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص أَفْضَلُكُمْ إِيمَاناً أَفْضَلُكُمْ مَعْرِفَةً
‘Jamie Al Akhbaar’ – The Prophet-saww said: ‘The most superior of you all in Eman is the one most superior of you in recognition (of Allah-azwj)’’.[37]
38- أَقُولُ، رَوَى الصَّدُوقُ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِ صِفَاتِ الشِّيعَةِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ رَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَحَدِهِمْ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: بَعْضُكُمْ أَكْثَرُ صَلَاةً مِنْ بَعْضٍ وَ بَعْضُكُمْ أَكْثَرُ حَجّاً مِنْ بَعْضٍ وَ بَعْضُكُمْ أَكْثَرُ صَدَقَةً مِنْ بَعْضٍ وَ بَعْضُكُمْ أَكْثَرُ صِيَاماً مِنْ بَعْضٍ وَ أَفْضَلُكُمْ أَفْضَلُكُمْ مَعْرِفَةً
I am saying, ‘Al Sadouq reported in the book Sifaat Al Shia, from his father, from Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Ibn Abu Umeyr,
‘Raising it to one of them-asws having said: ‘Some of you are more frequent of Salat than some, and some of you are more frequent of Hajj than some, and some of you are more charitable than some, and some of you are more frequent of Fasts than some, and the most superior of you all is the one most superior of recognition (of Allah-azwj)’’.[38]
39- ما، الأمالي للشيخ الطوسي جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ أَبِي الْمُفَضَّلِ عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَنْبَرِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ عَنْ خَالِهِ أَبِي الصَّلْتِ الْهَرَوِيِّ قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَعَ الرِّضَا ع لَمَّا دَخَلَ نَيْسَابُورَ وَ هُوَ رَاكِبٌ بَغْلَةً شَهْبَاءَ وَ قَدْ خَرَجَ عُلَمَاءُ نَيْسَابُورَ فِي اسْتِقْبَالِهِ فَلَمَّا صَارَ إِلَى الْمُرَبَّعَةِ تَعَلَّقُوا بِلِجَامِ بَغْلَتِهِ وَ قَالُوا يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ حَدِّثْنَا بِحَقِّ آبَائِكَ الطَّاهِرِينَ حَدِيثاً عَنْ آبَائِكَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ أَجْمَعِينَ
‘Al Amaali’ of the sheykh Al Tusi – A group, from Abu Al Mufazzal, from Al Lays Bin Muhammad Al Anbary, from Ahmad Bin Abdul Samad, from his uncle Abu Al Salt Al Harwy who said,
‘I was with Al-Reza-asws when he-asws entered Naysabour, and he-asws was riding a white-haired mule, and the scholars of Naysabour had come out in welcoming him-asws. When he-asws came to the square, they attached themselves with the reins of his-asws mule, and they said, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! Narrate to us, by a right of your-asws pure forefathers-asws, a Hadeeth, from your-asws forefathers-asws, may the Salawaat of Allah-azwj be upon them-asws all!’
فَأَخْرَجَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الْهَوْدَجِ وَ عَلَيْهِ مِطْرَفُ خَزٍّ فَقَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ- عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ الْحُسَيْنِ سَيِّدِ شَبَابِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ
He-asws brought out his-asws head from the carriage, and upon it was a woollen shawl, and he-asws said: ‘It was narrated to me-asws by my-asws father Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws, from his-asws father Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws, from his-asws father Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws, from his-asws father Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws, from his-asws father-asws Al-Husayn-asws, chief of the youths of the people of Paradise, from Amir Al-Momineen-asws, from Rasool-Allah-saww having said:
أَخْبَرَنِي جَبْرَئِيلُ الرُّوحُ الْأَمِينُ عَنِ اللَّهِ تَقَدَّسَتْ أَسْمَاؤُهُ وَ جَلَّ وَجْهُهُ قَالَ إِنِّي أَنَا اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنَا وَحْدِي عِبَادِي فَاعْبُدُونِي وَ لْيَعْلَمْ مَنْ لَقِيَنِي مِنْكُمْ بِشَهَادَةِ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ مُخْلِصاً بِهَا أَنَّهُ قَدْ دَخَلَ حِصْنِي وَ مَنْ دَخَلَ حِصْنِي أَمِنَ عَذَابِي
‘Jibraeel-as the trustworthy spirit informed me-saww from Allah-azwj, Holy are His-azwj Names, and Majestic is His-azwj Face, Said: “Me-azwj, I-asws am Allah-azwj! There is no god except I-asws, Alone. My-azwj servants! Worship Me-azwj, and let him know, one from your who Meets Me-azwj with the testimony that there is no god except Allah-azwj, being sincere with it, he would have entered My-azwj Fortress, and one who enters My-azwj Fortress is safe from My-azwj Punishment”’.
قَالُوا يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَ مَا إِخْلَاصُ الشَّهَادَةِ لِلَّهِ قَالَ طَاعَةُ اللَّهِ وَ رَسُولِهِ وَ وَلَايَةُ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ ع
They said, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! And what is the sincere testimony of Allah-azwj?’ He-asws said: ‘Obedience of Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww, and Wilayah of the People-asws of his-saww Household’’.[39]
باب 2 علة احتجاب الله عز و جل عن خلقه
CHAPTER 2 – REASON FOR THE VEILING OF ALLAH-azwj MIGHTY AND MAJESTIC FROM HIS-azwj CREATURES
1- ع، علل الشرائع الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بُنْدَارَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ خَادِمِ الرِّضَا ع قَالَ: قَالَ بَعْضُ الزَّنَادِقَةِ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع لِمَ احْتَجَبَ اللَّهُ
‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – Al Husayn Bin Ahmad, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Bandar, from Muhammad Bin Ali, from Muhammad Bin Abdullah Al Khurasany,
‘A servant of Al-Reza-asws said, ‘One of the atheists said to Abu Al-Hassan-asws, ‘Why did Allah-azwj Veil Himself-azwj?’
فَقَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع إِنَّ الْحِجَابَ عَنِ الْخَلْقِ لِكَثْرَةِ ذُنُوبِهِمْ فَأَمَّا هُوَ فَلَا يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ خَافِيَةٌ فِي آنَاءِ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ
Abu Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘The Veils from the creatures is due to the frequency of their sins. But, as for Him-azwj no hidden thing is hidden upon Him-azwj in the duration of the night and the day.
قَالَ فَلِمَ لَا تُدْرِكُهُ حَاسَّةُ الْبَصَرِ
He said, ‘Why can He-azwj not be realised by the sense of sight?’
قَالَ لِلْفَرْقِ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ خَلْقِهِ الَّذِينَ تُدْرِكُهُمْ حَاسَّةُ الْأَبْصَارِ ثُمَّ هُوَ أَجَلُّ مِنْ أَنْ تُدْرِكَهُ الْأَبْصَارُ أَوْ يُحِيطَ بِهِ وَهْمٌ أَوْ يَضْبِطَهُ عَقْلٌ
He-asws said: ‘For the differentiation between Him-azwj and His-azwj creatures, those that understand by the sense of sight. Then, He-azwj is more Majestic than for Him-azwj to be realised by the sights, or be encompassed by imagination, or be captured by an intellect’.
قَالَ فَحُدَّهُ لِي قَالَ إِنَّهُ لَا يُحَدُّ قَالَ لِمَ قَالَ لِأَنَّ كُلَّ مَحْدُودٍ مُتَنَاهٍ إِلَى حَدٍّ فَإِذَا احْتَمَلَ التَّحْدِيدُ احْتَمَلَ الزِّيَادَةُ وَ إِذَا احْتَمَلَ الزِّيَادَةُ احْتَمَلَ النُّقْصَانُ فَهُوَ غَيْرُ مَحْدُودٍ وَ لَا مُتَزَايِدٍ وَ لَا مُتَجَزٍّ وَ لَا مُتَوَهَّمٍ
He said, ‘Then limit Him-azwj for me’. He-asws said: ‘He-azwj cannot be limited’. He said, ‘Why’. He-asws said: ‘Because every limited (thing), its extreme is to its limit. When the limitation is borne, it would carry the increase, and when the increase is born, it would carry the reduction. Thus, He-azwj is without limitation, or increase, or division, decrease, or cannot be imagined’’.[40]
2- ع، علل الشرائع عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ حَمْدَانَ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيِّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع لِأَيِّ عِلَّةٍ حَجَبَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الْخَلْقَ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ
‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – Ali Bin Hatim, from Al Qasim Bin Muhammad, from Hamdan Bin Al Husayn, from Al Husayn Bin Al Waleed, from Abdullah Bin Sinan, from Abu Hamza Al Sumaly who said,
‘I said to Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws, ‘For which reason did Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Veil the people from Himself?’
قَالَ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى بَنَاهُمْ بُنْيَةً عَلَى الْجَهْلِ فَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَمَا كَانُوا بِالَّذِينَ يَهَابُونَهُ وَ لَا يُعَظِّمُونَهُ
He-asws said: ‘Because Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Built a building for them upon the ignorance. If they would have (been able to) look at Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, they would have been those who would have loved Him-azwj and not Magnified Him-azwj.
نَظِيرُ ذَلِكَ أَحَدُكُمْ إِذَا نَظَرَ إِلَى بَيْتِ اللَّهِ الْحَرَامِ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ عَظَّمَهُ فَإِذَا أَتَتْ عَلَيْهِ أَيَّامٌ وَ هُوَ يَرَاهُ لَا يَكَادُ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ إِلَيْهِ إِذَا مَرَّ بِهِ وَ لَا يُعَظِّمُهُ ذَلِكَ التَّعْظِيمَ
A parallel of that is when one of you looks at the Sacred House of Allah-azwj (Kabah) for the first time, he magnifies (reveres) it. But when days pass by, and he sees it frequently, he can hardly look at it when he passes by, and he no longer glorifies it.[41]
باب 3 إثبات الصانع و الاستدلال بعجائب صنعه على وجوده و علمه و قدرته و سائر صفاته
CHAPTER 3 – PROOF OF THE MAKER, AND THE EVIDENCE OF THE WONDERS OF HIS-azwj MAKING, UPON HIS-azwj EXISTENCE, AND HIS-azwj KNOWLEDGE, AND HIS-azwj POWER, AND THE REST OF HIS-azwj ATTRIBUTES
الآيات البقرة الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ فِراشاً وَ السَّماءَ بِناءً وَ أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً فَأَخْرَجَ بِهِ مِنَ الثَّمَراتِ رِزْقاً لَكُمْ فَلا تَجْعَلُوا لِلَّهِ أَنْداداً وَ أَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ
The Verses – (Surah) Al-Baqarah: Who Made the earth a resting place for you and the sky a canopy and (Who) Sends down water from the sky then brings forth the fruits by it as a sustenance for you; therefore, do not set up rivals to Allah while you are knowing [2:22].
و قال تعالى إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ اخْتِلافِ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهارِ وَ الْفُلْكِ الَّتِي تَجْرِي فِي الْبَحْرِ بِما يَنْفَعُ النَّاسَ وَ ما أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنَ السَّماءِ مِنْ ماءٍ فَأَحْيا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِها وَ بَثَّ فِيها مِنْ كُلِّ دَابَّةٍ وَ تَصْرِيفِ الرِّياحِ وَ السَّحابِ الْمُسَخَّرِ بَيْنَ السَّماءِ وَ الْأَرْضِ لَآياتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ
And the Exalted Said: Surely in the Creation of the skies and the earth, and the interchange of the night and the day, and the ships which sail in the sea with what benefits the people, and what Allah Sends down from the sky, from a water, so the earth is revived by it after its death, and the dispersal therein from every animal, and the changing of the winds, and the clouds subservient between the sky and the earth, there are signs for a people who are using their intellects [2:164].
يونس إِنَّ فِي اخْتِلافِ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهارِ وَ ما خَلَقَ اللَّهُ فِي السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ لَآياتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَتَّقُونَ
(Surah) Yunus-as: Surely in the interchange of the night and the day, and whatever Allah has Created in the skies and the earth, there are Signs for a people who are fearing [10:6].
و قال قُلِ انْظُرُوا ما ذا فِي السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ ما تُغْنِي الْآياتُ وَ النُّذُرُ عَنْ قَوْمٍ لا يُؤْمِنُونَ
And He-azwj Said: Say: ‘Look at what is in the skies and the earth, and the Signs and the warners do not avail a people not believing [10:101].
الرعد اللَّهُ الَّذِي رَفَعَ السَّماواتِ بِغَيْرِ عَمَدٍ تَرَوْنَها ثُمَّ اسْتَوى عَلَى الْعَرْشِ وَ سَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَ الْقَمَرَ كُلٌّ يَجْرِي لِأَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى يُدَبِّرُ الْأَمْرَ يُفَصِّلُ الْآياتِ لَعَلَّكُمْ بِلِقاءِ رَبِّكُمْ تُوقِنُونَ
(Surah) Al Ra’ad: Allah is the One Who Raised the skies without a pillar you can see. Then He Established upon the Throne, and He Subdued the sun and the moon, each flowing to a Specified term. He Regulates the affair Clarifying the Signs, perhaps they would be convinced of meeting their Lord [13:2].
وَ هُوَ الَّذِي مَدَّ الْأَرْضَ وَ جَعَلَ فِيها رَواسِيَ وَ أَنْهاراً وَ مِنْ كُلِّ الثَّمَراتِ جَعَلَ فِيها زَوْجَيْنِ اثْنَيْنِ يُغْشِي اللَّيْلَ النَّهارَ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآياتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ
And He is the One Who Extended the earth and Made therein mountains and rivers. And from each of the fruits He Made two pairs in these. He Makes the night to cover the day. Surely in that are Signs for a people who ponder [13:3].
وَ فِي الْأَرْضِ قِطَعٌ مُتَجاوِراتٌ وَ جَنَّاتٌ مِنْ أَعْنابٍ وَ زَرْعٌ وَ نَخِيلٌ صِنْوانٌ وَ غَيْرُ صِنْوانٍ يُسْقى بِماءٍ واحِدٍ وَ نُفَضِّلُ بَعْضَها عَلى بَعْضٍ فِي الْأُكُلِ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآياتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ
And in the earth, there are neighbouring tracts and gardens of grapes cultivated, and single-rooted palm trees other than single-rooted, being irrigated by one water source, and We Prefer some of it upon the others regarding the eating. Surely, in that there are Signs for a people using their intellects [13:4].
إبراهيم اللَّهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ وَ أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً فَأَخْرَجَ بِهِ مِنَ الثَّمَراتِ رِزْقاً لَكُمْ وَ سَخَّرَ لَكُمُ الْفُلْكَ لِتَجْرِيَ فِي الْبَحْرِ بِأَمْرِهِ وَ سَخَّرَ لَكُمُ الْأَنْهارَ
(Surah) Ibrahim-as: Allah is the One Who Created the skies and the earth, and Sent down water from the sky, and He Extract by it the fruits being a sustenance for you. And He Subdued for you the ships to flow in the sea by His Command, and Subdued the rivers for you [14:32].
وَ سَخَّرَ لَكُمُ الشَّمْسَ وَ الْقَمَرَ دائِبَيْنِ وَ سَخَّرَ لَكُمُ اللَّيْلَ وَ النَّهارَ
And He Subdued for you the sun and the moon constantly pursuing their courses, and Subdued for you the night and the day [14:33].
وَ آتاكُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ ما سَأَلْتُمُوهُ وَ إِنْ تَعُدُّوا نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ لا تُحْصُوها إِنَّ الْإِنْسانَ لَظَلُومٌ كَفَّارٌ
And He Gives you from all that you ask Him for, and if you were to count the Favours of Allah, you would not (be able to) number these. Surely the human being is unjust, ungrateful [14:34].
الحجر وَ لَقَدْ جَعَلْنا فِي السَّماءِ بُرُوجاً وَ زَيَّنَّاها لِلنَّاظِرِينَ
And We have Made constellations to be in the sky and Adorned it for the spectators [15:16].
وَ حَفِظْناها مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْطانٍ رَجِيمٍ
And We Guard these against every Pelted Satan [15:17].
إِلَّا مَنِ اسْتَرَقَ السَّمْعَ فَأَتْبَعَهُ شِهابٌ مُبِينٌ
Except one who steals the hearing, so there pursued him a visible flame [15:18].
وَ الْأَرْضَ مَدَدْناها وَ أَلْقَيْنا فِيها رَواسِيَ وَ أَنْبَتْنا فِيها مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مَوْزُونٍ
And the earth – We Extended it and Cast mountains to be therein and Grew therein from every suitable thing [15:19].
وَ جَعَلْنا لَكُمْ فِيها مَعايِشَ وَ مَنْ لَسْتُمْ لَهُ بِرازِقِينَ
And We Made livelihood to be in it for you and ones you are not the sustainers for [15:20].
وَ إِنْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا عِنْدَنا خَزائِنُهُ وَ ما نُنَزِّلُهُ إِلَّا بِقَدَرٍ مَعْلُومٍ
And there is not a thing except in Our Presence is its store, and We do not Send it down except by a known measure [15:21].
وَ أَرْسَلْنَا الرِّياحَ لَواقِحَ فَأَنْزَلْنا مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً فَأَسْقَيْناكُمُوهُ وَ ما أَنْتُمْ لَهُ بِخازِنِينَ
And We Send the winds for fertilisation and We Send down water from the sky, so We Quench you, and you are not the keepers for its storage [15:22].
وَ إِنَّا لَنَحْنُ نُحْيِي وَ نُمِيتُ وَ نَحْنُ الْوارِثُونَ
And surely (it is) for Us. We Cause to live and We Cause to die and We are the Inheritors [15:23].
النحل خَلَقَ الْإِنْسانَ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ فَإِذا هُوَ خَصِيمٌ مُبِينٌ
(Surah) Al Nahl – He Created the human being from a seed, but then he is an open contender [16:4].
وَ الْأَنْعامَ خَلَقَها لَكُمْ فِيها دِفْءٌ وَ مَنافِعُ وَ مِنْها تَأْكُلُونَ
And the cattle, He Created these for you. In these you have warm clothing and benefits, and from these you are eating [16:5].
وَ لَكُمْ فِيها جَمالٌ حِينَ تُرِيحُونَ وَ حِينَ تَسْرَحُونَ
And for you is beauty in these when you are bringing them in (to rest) and when you are taking them out (to pasture) [16:6].
وَ تَحْمِلُ أَثْقالَكُمْ إِلى بَلَدٍ لَمْ تَكُونُوا بالِغِيهِ إِلَّا بِشِقِّ الْأَنْفُسِ إِنَّ رَبَّكُمْ لَرَؤُفٌ رَحِيمٌ
And they carry your loads to cities you could not reach except with difficulties of the self. Surely your Lord is Kind, Merciful [16:7].
وَ الْخَيْلَ وَ الْبِغالَ وَ الْحَمِيرَ لِتَرْكَبُوها وَ زِينَةً وَ يَخْلُقُ ما لا تَعْلَمُونَ
And (Created) the horses and the mules and the donkeys for you to ride these and as an adornment, and He Created what you do not know (about) [16:8].
و قال تعالى هُوَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً لَكُمْ مِنْهُ شَرابٌ وَ مِنْهُ شَجَرٌ فِيهِ تُسِيمُونَ
And the Exalted Said: He is the One Who Sends down water from the sky for you; from it (you drink), and from it trees (grow), wherein you are pasturing [16:10].
يُنْبِتُ لَكُمْ بِهِ الزَّرْعَ وَ الزَّيْتُونَ وَ النَّخِيلَ وَ الْأَعْنابَ وَ مِنْ كُلِّ الثَّمَراتِ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآيَةً لِقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ
With it He Grows for you the crops, and the olives, and the palm trees, and the grapes, and from all fruits. Surely in that is a Sign for a people who ponder [16:11].
وَ سَخَّرَ لَكُمُ اللَّيْلَ وَ النَّهارَ وَ الشَّمْسَ وَ الْقَمَرَ وَ النُّجُومُ مُسَخَّراتٌ بِأَمْرِهِ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآياتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ
And He Made subservient for you the night, and the day, and the sun, and the moon; and the stars are made subservient by His Command. Surely there are signs in this for a people who use their intellects [16:12].
وَ ما ذَرَأَ لَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُخْتَلِفاً أَلْوانُهُ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآيَةً لِقَوْمٍ يَذَّكَّرُونَ
And what He has Multiplied for you in the earth of various types. Surely in that is a Sign for a people who are mindful [16:13].
وَ هُوَ الَّذِي سَخَّرَ الْبَحْرَ لِتَأْكُلُوا مِنْهُ لَحْماً طَرِيًّا وَ تَسْتَخْرِجُوا مِنْهُ حِلْيَةً تَلْبَسُونَها وَ تَرَى الْفُلْكَ مَواخِرَ فِيهِ وَ لِتَبْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ
And He is the One Who Made the sea subservient for you to be eating fresh flesh from it, and (for) you to extract ornaments from it to wear, and you see the ships cleaving in it, and for you to seek His Grace, and perhaps you would be grateful [16:14].
وَ أَلْقى فِي الْأَرْضِ رَواسِيَ أَنْ تَمِيدَ بِكُمْ وَ أَنْهاراً وَ سُبُلًا لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ
And He Cast firm mountains in the earth lest it shakes with you, and rivers and roads, perhaps you may go aright [16:15].
وَ عَلاماتٍ وَ بِالنَّجْمِ هُمْ يَهْتَدُونَ
And directional signs, and by the star they are being guided [16:16].
و قال تعالى وَ اللَّهُ أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً فَأَحْيا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِها إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآيَةً لِقَوْمٍ يَسْمَعُونَ
And the Exalted Said: And Allah Sends down water from the sky, so He Revives the earth by it after its death. Surely in that is a Sign for a people who listen [16:65].
وَ إِنَّ لَكُمْ فِي الْأَنْعامِ لَعِبْرَةً نُسْقِيكُمْ مِمَّا فِي بُطُونِهِ مِنْ بَيْنِ فَرْثٍ وَ دَمٍ لَبَناً خالِصاً سائِغاً لِلشَّارِبِينَ
And surely there is a lesson for you in the cattle. We Quench you from what is in their bellies – from what is between dung and blood – pure milk, palatable for the drinkers [16:66].
وَ مِنْ ثَمَراتِ النَّخِيلِ وَ الْأَعْنابِ تَتَّخِذُونَ مِنْهُ سَكَراً وَ رِزْقاً حَسَناً إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآيَةً لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ
And from fruits of the palms and the grapes, you are taking intoxicants from it and a goodly sustenance. Surely in that there is a Sign for people using their intellects [16:67].
وَ أَوْحى رَبُّكَ إِلَى النَّحْلِ أَنِ اتَّخِذِي مِنَ الْجِبالِ بُيُوتاً وَ مِنَ الشَّجَرِ وَ مِمَّا يَعْرِشُونَ
And your Lord Revealed unto the bee saying: “Take houses from the mountains and from the trees and from what they are constructing [16:68].
ثُمَّ كُلِي مِنْ كُلِّ الثَّمَراتِ فَاسْلُكِي سُبُلَ رَبِّكِ ذُلُلًا يَخْرُجُ مِنْ بُطُونِها شَرابٌ مُخْتَلِفٌ أَلْوانُهُ فِيهِ شِفاءٌ لِلنَّاسِ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآيَةً لِقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ
Then eat from all the fruits and travel the Way of your Lord submissively’. There comes out from their bellies a drink of different colours wherein is healing for the people. Surely in that there is a Sign for a thinking people” [16:69].
وَ اللَّهُ خَلَقَكُمْ ثُمَّ يَتَوَفَّاكُمْ وَ مِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُرَدُّ إِلى أَرْذَلِ الْعُمُرِ لِكَيْ لا يَعْلَمَ بَعْدَ عِلْمٍ شَيْئاً إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ قَدِيرٌ
And Allah Created you, then He Causes you to die, and from you is one who is returned to the worst age so that he does not know anything, after knowing. Surely Allah is All-Knowing, Powerful [16:70].
و قال تعالى وَ اللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَزْواجاً وَ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَزْواجِكُمْ بَنِينَ وَ حَفَدَةً وَ رَزَقَكُمْ مِنَ الطَّيِّباتِ أَ فَبِالْباطِلِ يُؤْمِنُونَ وَ بِنِعْمَتِ اللَّهِ هُمْ يَكْفُرُونَ
And Allah Made wives for you from yourselves and Made sons to be for you from your wives, and grandsons, and Graced you from the good things. Is it the falsehood they are believing in and with the Favour of Allah they are committing Kufr? [16:72].
و قال تعالى وَ اللَّهُ أَخْرَجَكُمْ مِنْ بُطُونِ أُمَّهاتِكُمْ لا تَعْلَمُونَ شَيْئاً وَ جَعَلَ لَكُمُ السَّمْعَ وَ الْأَبْصارَ وَ الْأَفْئِدَةَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ
And the Exalted Said: And Allah Extracted you from the bellies of your mothers, you were not knowing anything, and Made for you the hearing, and the sight, and the heart, perhaps you would be grateful [16:78].
أَ لَمْ يَرَوْا إِلَى الطَّيْرِ مُسَخَّراتٍ فِي جَوِّ السَّماءِ ما يُمْسِكُهُنَّ إِلَّا اللَّهُ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآياتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ
Are they not looking at the birds controlled in the atmosphere of the sky? What is withholding them except Allah? Surely in that are Signs for a believing people [16:79].
وَ اللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ بُيُوتِكُمْ سَكَناً وَ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ جُلُودِ الْأَنْعامِ بُيُوتاً تَسْتَخِفُّونَها يَوْمَ ظَعْنِكُمْ وَ يَوْمَ إِقامَتِكُمْ وَ مِنْ أَصْوافِها وَ أَوْبارِها وَ أَشْعارِها أَثاثاً وَ مَتاعاً إِلى حِينٍ
And Allah Made dwellings to be for you from your houses and Made houses to be for you from the skins of the cattle. You find these light on the day of your departing and the day of your staying; and from their wool, and their fur, and their hair (you make) furnishings and a provision for a while [16:80].
وَ اللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِمَّا خَلَقَ ظِلالًا وَ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنَ الْجِبالِ أَكْناناً وَ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ سَرابِيلَ تَقِيكُمُ الْحَرَّ وَ سَرابِيلَ تَقِيكُمْ بَأْسَكُمْ كَذلِكَ يُتِمُّ نِعْمَتَهُ عَلَيْكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُسْلِمُونَ
And Allah Made shades for you from what He Created, and Made shelters for you from the mountains, and Made garments for you to save you from the heat and garments to save you from your fighting. Like that He Completes His Favours upon you, perhaps you would be submitting [16:81].
الإسراء وَ جَعَلْنَا اللَّيْلَ وَ النَّهارَ آيَتَيْنِ فَمَحَوْنا آيَةَ اللَّيْلِ وَ جَعَلْنا آيَةَ النَّهارِ مُبْصِرَةً لِتَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَ لِتَعْلَمُوا عَدَدَ السِّنِينَ وَ الْحِسابَ وَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ فَصَّلْناهُ تَفْصِيلًا
(Surah) Al Asra’a: And We Made the night and the day as two Signs, then We Erased the Sign of the night and We Made the Sign of the day to be visible, for you to seek Grace from your Lord and for you to know the number of the years and the calculation. And all things, We have Explained it in detail [17:12].
و قال تعالى رَبُّكُمُ الَّذِي يُزْجِي لَكُمُ الْفُلْكَ فِي الْبَحْرِ لِتَبْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ إِنَّهُ كانَ بِكُمْ رَحِيماً
Your Lord is He Who Drives on the ships for you in the sea for you to be seeking from His Grace. Surely, He was always Merciful with you [17:66].
وَ إِذا مَسَّكُمُ الضُّرُّ فِي الْبَحْرِ ضَلَّ مَنْ تَدْعُونَ إِلَّا إِيَّاهُ فَلَمَّا نَجَّاكُمْ إِلَى الْبَرِّ أَعْرَضْتُمْ وَ كانَ الْإِنْسانُ كَفُوراً
And when harm touches you in the sea, lost are the ones you are calling to except Him. So, when He Rescues you to the land, you turn away, and the human being was ever ungrateful [17:67].
طه الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ مَهْداً وَ سَلَكَ لَكُمْ فِيها سُبُلًا وَ أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً فَأَخْرَجْنا بِهِ أَزْواجاً مِنْ نَباتٍ شَتَّى
(Surah) Ta Ha: He Who Made the earth an expanse for you and Made pathways for you therein, and Sent down water from the sky, so He Extracts by it pairs from species of vegetation [20:53].
كُلُوا وَ ارْعَوْا أَنْعامَكُمْ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآياتٍ لِأُولِي النُّهى
Eat and pasture your cattle. Surely in that are Signs for the possessors of intellect [20:54].
مِنْها خَلَقْناكُمْ وَ فِيها نُعِيدُكُمْ وَ مِنْها نُخْرِجُكُمْ تارَةً أُخْرى
From it We Created you and into it We will Return you, and from it We will Extract you once again [20:55].
الأنبياء أَ وَ لَمْ يَرَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ كانَتا رَتْقاً فَفَتَقْناهُما وَ جَعَلْنا مِنَ الْماءِ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَيٍّ أَ فَلا يُؤْمِنُونَ
(Surah) Al Anbiya: Or do they not see, those who are committing Kufr, that the skies and the earth were joined up, and We Separated them? And We Made from the water, all living things, so will they not believe? [21:30].
وَ جَعَلْنا فِي الْأَرْضِ رَواسِيَ أَنْ تَمِيدَ بِهِمْ وَ جَعَلْنا فِيها فِجاجاً سُبُلًا لَعَلَّهُمْ يَهْتَدُونَ
And We Made stable mountains in the earth lest it might shake with them, and We have made therein wide ways perhaps they would be guided [21:31].
وَ جَعَلْنَا السَّماءَ سَقْفاً مَحْفُوظاً وَ هُمْ عَنْ آياتِها مُعْرِضُونَ
And We Made the sky a guarding ceiling, and (yet) they are turning aside from its Signs [21:32].
وَ هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ اللَّيْلَ وَ النَّهارَ وَ الشَّمْسَ وَ الْقَمَرَ كُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ
And He is the One Who Created the night and the day, and the sun and the moon; all floating in their orbits [21:33].
المؤمنون وَ أَنْزَلْنا مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً بِقَدَرٍ فَأَسْكَنَّاهُ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَ إِنَّا عَلى ذَهابٍ بِهِ لَقادِرُونَ
(Surah) Al Mominoun: And We send down water from the sky by a measurement, so We Settle it in the earth, and We are Able upon Doing away with it [23:18]
فَأَنْشَأْنا لَكُمْ بِهِ جَنَّاتٍ مِنْ نَخِيلٍ وَ أَعْنابٍ لَكُمْ فِيها فَواكِهُ كَثِيرَةٌ وَ مِنْها تَأْكُلُونَ
Then We Grow gardens of palms trees and grapes by it for you, wherein are many fruits, and from these you are eating [23:19]
وَ شَجَرَةً تَخْرُجُ مِنْ طُورِ سَيْناءَ تَنْبُتُ بِالدُّهْنِ وَ صِبْغٍ لِلْآكِلِينَ
And a tree coming out from (mount) Toor of Sinai, growing with the oil and a relish for the eaters [23:20]
وَ إِنَّ لَكُمْ فِي الْأَنْعامِ لَعِبْرَةً نُسْقِيكُمْ مِمَّا فِي بُطُونِها وَ لَكُمْ فِيها مَنافِعُ كَثِيرَةٌ وَ مِنْها تَأْكُلُونَ
And there is a lesson for you in the cattle. We Quench you from what is in their bellies, and for you there are many benefits, and from these you are eating [23:21]
وَ عَلَيْها وَ عَلَى الْفُلْكِ تُحْمَلُونَ
And upon these and upon the ships you are being carried [23:22]
و قال تعالى وَ هُوَ الَّذِي ذَرَأَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَ إِلَيْهِ تُحْشَرُونَ
And the Exalted Said: And is the One Who Multiplied you in the earth, and to Him you will be gathering [23:79]
وَ هُوَ الَّذِي يُحْيِي وَ يُمِيتُ وَ لَهُ اخْتِلافُ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهارِ أَ فَلا تَعْقِلُونَ
And is the One Who Gives life and Causes to die, and for him is the interchanging of the night and the day; are you not using your intellects? [23:80]
و قال تعالى قُلْ لِمَنِ الْأَرْضُ وَ مَنْ فِيها إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ
Say: ‘For whom is the earth and the ones there, if you were knowing?’ [23:84]
سَيَقُولُونَ لِلَّهِ قُلْ أَ فَلا تَذَكَّرُونَ
They will be saying, ‘For Allah’. Say: ‘So why are you not minding?’ [23:85]
قُلْ مَنْ رَبُّ السَّماواتِ السَّبْعِ وَ رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ
Say: ‘Who is Lord of the seven skies and Lord of the Magnificent Throne?’ [23:86]
سَيَقُولُونَ لِلَّهِ قُلْ أَ فَلا تَتَّقُونَ
They will be saying, ‘(This is) Allah’s’. Say: ‘So why are you not fearing?’ [23:87]
قُلْ مَنْ بِيَدِهِ مَلَكُوتُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَ هُوَ يُجِيرُ وَ لا يُجارُ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ
Say: ‘In Whose Hand is the Kingdom of all things, and he Shelters and is not sheltered against, if you were knowing?’ [23:88]
سَيَقُولُونَ لِلَّهِ قُلْ فَأَنَّى تُسْحَرُونَ
They will be saying, ‘(This is) Allah’s. Say: ‘So why are you then deluded?’ [23:89]
النور أَ لَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ مَنْ فِي السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ الطَّيْرُ صَافَّاتٍ كُلٌّ قَدْ عَلِمَ صَلاتَهُ وَ تَسْبِيحَهُ وَ اللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِما يَفْعَلُونَ
(Surah) Al Noor: Do you not see that Allah, there Glorify to Him the ones in the skies and the earth, and the birds in rows? Each has known its Salat and its Glorification, and Allah is All-Knowing with what they are doing [24:41]
وَ لِلَّهِ مُلْكُ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ إِلَى اللَّهِ الْمَصِيرُ
And for Allah is the Kingdom of the skies and the earth, and to Allah is the destination [24:42]
أَ لَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُزْجِي سَحاباً ثُمَّ يُؤَلِّفُ بَيْنَهُ ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُهُ رُكاماً فَتَرَى الْوَدْقَ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ خِلالِهِ وَ يُنَزِّلُ مِنَ السَّماءِ مِنْ جِبالٍ فِيها مِنْ بَرَدٍ فَيُصِيبُ بِهِ مَنْ يَشاءُ وَ يَصْرِفُهُ عَنْ مَنْ يَشاءُ يَكادُ سَنا بَرْقِهِ يَذْهَبُ بِالْأَبْصارِ
Do you not see that Allah Drives the clouds? Then He Composes between it, then Makes it piled up, so you see the rain coming out from its midst and descends from the sky on a mountain wherein is hail. So He Hits the ones He so Desires to and Turns it away from the ones He so Desires to. The flash of its lightning almost takes away the sight [24:43]
يُقَلِّبُ اللَّهُ اللَّيْلَ وَ النَّهارَ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَعِبْرَةً لِأُولِي الْأَبْصارِ
Allah Alternates the night and the day. There is a lesson in this for the ones with insight [24:44]
وَ اللَّهُ خَلَقَ كُلَّ دَابَّةٍ مِنْ ماءٍ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَمْشِي عَلى بَطْنِهِ وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَمْشِي عَلى رِجْلَيْنِ وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَمْشِي عَلى أَرْبَعٍ يَخْلُقُ اللَّهُ ما يَشاءُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
And Allah Created every creature from water. So from them is one who walks upon its belly, and from them is one who walks upon two legs, and from them is one who walks upon four. Allah Creates whatever He so Desires to. Surely, Allah is Able upon all things [24:45]
الفرقان أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلى رَبِّكَ كَيْفَ مَدَّ الظِّلَّ وَ لَوْ شاءَ لَجَعَلَهُ ساكِناً ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَا الشَّمْسَ عَلَيْهِ دَلِيلًا
(Surah) Al Furqan – Do you not look at your Lord how He Extends the shade? And had he so Desired, He would have Made it stationary. Then We Made the sun as an indicator upon it [25:45]
ثُمَّ قَبَضْناهُ إِلَيْنا قَبْضاً يَسِيراً
Then We Seize it to Ourselves with an easy seizure [25:46]
وَ هُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ اللَّيْلَ لِباساً وَ النَّوْمَ سُباتاً وَ جَعَلَ النَّهارَ نُشُوراً
And He is the One Who Made the night as an apparel for you, and the sleep as rest, and Made the day as a resurrection [25:47]
وَ هُوَ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَ الرِّياحَ بُشْراً بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَحْمَتِهِ وَ أَنْزَلْنا مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً
And He is the One Who Sends the winds as glad tidings before His Mercy. And We Send down clean water from the sky [25:48]
طَهُوراً لِنُحْيِيَ بِهِ بَلْدَةً مَيْتاً وَ نُسْقِيَهُ مِمَّا خَلَقْنا أَنْعاماً وَ أَناسِيَّ كَثِيراً
In order to revive by it a dead land, and We Quench it from what We Created, cattle and a lot of people [25:49]
و قال تعالى وَ هُوَ الَّذِي مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ هذا عَذْبٌ فُراتٌ وَ هذا مِلْحٌ أُجاجٌ وَ جَعَلَ بَيْنَهُما بَرْزَخاً وَ حِجْراً مَحْجُوراً
And the Exalted Said: And He is the One Who Released the two oceans – this one fresh, sweet, and this one salty, bitter; and We Made to be between the two, a barrier and a partition of quarantine [25:53]
وَ هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ مِنَ الْماءِ بَشَراً فَجَعَلَهُ نَسَباً وَ صِهْراً وَ كانَ رَبُّكَ قَدِيراً
And He it is Who Created a person from the water, so He Made for him relationships of lineage and marriage; and your Lord was always Powerful [25:54]
و قال تعالى تَبارَكَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ فِي السَّماءِ بُرُوجاً وَ جَعَلَ فِيها سِراجاً وَ قَمَراً مُنِيراً
Blessed is He Who Made the constellations in the skies and Made therein a lamp and a shining moon [25:61]
وَ هُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ اللَّيْلَ وَ النَّهارَ خِلْفَةً لِمَنْ أَرادَ أَنْ يَذَّكَّرَ أَوْ أَرادَ شُكُوراً
And He is the One Who Made the night and the day in succession (to each other), for the one who intends to do Zikr or intends gratefulness [25:62]
الشعراء أَ وَ لَمْ يَرَوْا إِلَى الْأَرْضِ كَمْ أَنْبَتْنا فِيها مِنْ كُلِّ زَوْجٍ كَرِيمٍ
(Surah) Al Shoara: Or do they not look at the earth, how many of every noble kind of pairs We have Grown therein? [26:7]
إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآيَةً وَ ما كانَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ
Surely, there is a Sign in that, but most of them are not Momineen [26:8]
القصص قُلْ أَ رَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمُ اللَّيْلَ سَرْمَداً إِلى يَوْمِ الْقِيامَةِ مَنْ إِلهٌ غَيْرُ اللَّهِ يَأْتِيكُمْ بِضِياءٍ أَ فَلا تَسْمَعُونَ
(Surah) Al Qasas: Say: ‘Can you see, if Allah were to Make the night to be upon you incessantly up to the Day of Qiyamah, which god apart from Allah can come to you will light? Are you not listening?’ [28:71]
قُلْ أَ رَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمُ النَّهارَ سَرْمَداً إِلى يَوْمِ الْقِيامَةِ مَنْ إِلهٌ غَيْرُ اللَّهِ يَأْتِيكُمْ بِلَيْلٍ تَسْكُنُونَ فِيهِ أَ فَلا تُبْصِرُونَ
Say: ‘Can you see, if Allah were to Make the day to be upon you incessantly up to the Day of Qiyamah, which god apart from Allah can come to you with night you can be resting in? Are you not seeing?’ [28:72]
وَ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ جَعَلَ لَكُمُ اللَّيْلَ وَ النَّهارَ لِتَسْكُنُوا فِيهِ وَ لِتَبْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ
And from His Mercy, He Made for you the night and the day for you so rest during it and to be seeking from His Grace, and perhaps you would be thankful [28:73]
العنكبوت خَلَقَ اللَّهُ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ بِالْحَقِّ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآيَةً لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
(Surah) Al Ankabout: Allah Created the skies and the earth with the Truth; Surely in that there is a Sign for the Momineen [29:44]
و قال تعالى وَ لَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ مَنْ نَزَّلَ مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً فَأَحْيا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَوْتِها لَيَقُولُنَّ اللَّهُ قُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لا يَعْقِلُونَ
And the Exalted Said: And if you were to ask them: ‘Who Sends down the water from the sky, so the earth is revived by it from after its death?’ They would be saying, ‘Allah’. Say: ‘The Praise is for Allah’. But, most of them do not understand [29:63]
و قال تعالى فَإِذا رَكِبُوا فِي الْفُلْكِ دَعَوُا اللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ فَلَمَّا نَجَّاهُمْ إِلَى الْبَرِّ إِذا هُمْ يُشْرِكُونَ
So, when they sail in the ship, they supplicate to Allah, being sincere to Him of the Religion. But when He Rescues them to the land, then they are associating (others with Him) [29:65]
الروم وَ مِنْ آياتِهِ أَنْ خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ تُرابٍ ثُمَّ إِذا أَنْتُمْ بَشَرٌ تَنْتَشِرُونَ
(Surah) Al Room: And from His Signs is that He Created you from soil, then you are human beings, scattered (far and wide) [30:20]
وَ مِنْ آياتِهِ أَنْ خَلَقَ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَزْواجاً لِتَسْكُنُوا إِلَيْها وَ جَعَلَ بَيْنَكُمْ مَوَدَّةً وَ رَحْمَةً إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآياتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ
And from His Signs is that He Created for you spouses from yourselves that you may find rest in them, and He Made cordiality and mercy to be between you. Surely, in that there are Signs for a people who ponder [30:21]
وَ مِنْ آياتِهِ خَلْقُ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ اخْتِلافُ أَلْسِنَتِكُمْ وَ أَلْوانِكُمْ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآياتٍ لِلْعالِمِينَ
And from His Signs is the Creation of the skies and the earth and the diversity of your tongues and your colours. Surely there are Signs in that for the learned [30:22]
وَ مِنْ آياتِهِ مَنامُكُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهارِ وَ ابْتِغاؤُكُمْ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآياتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَسْمَعُونَ
And from His Signs is your sleeping at night and the day, and your seeking His Grace. Surely there are Signs in that for a people who listen [30:23]
وَ مِنْ آياتِهِ يُرِيكُمُ الْبَرْقَ خَوْفاً وَ طَمَعاً وَ يُنَزِّلُ مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً فَيُحْيِي بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِها إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآياتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ
And from His Signs is that He Shows you the lightning for fear and for hope, and Sends down water from the clouds, so He Revives the earth by it after its death. Surely there are Signs in that for a people using their intellects [30:24]
وَ مِنْ آياتِهِ أَنْ تَقُومَ السَّماءُ وَ الْأَرْضُ بِأَمْرِهِ ثُمَّ إِذا دَعاكُمْ دَعْوَةً مِنَ الْأَرْضِ إِذا أَنْتُمْ تَخْرُجُونَ
And from His Signs is standing of the sky and the earth by His Command. Then when He will Call you with a Call from the earth, then you will be coming out [30:25]
وَ لَهُ مَنْ فِي السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ كُلٌّ لَهُ قانِتُونَ
And for Him are the ones in the skies and the earth. All are humbly obedient to him [30:26]
و قال عز و جل وَ مِنْ آياتِهِ أَنْ يُرْسِلَ الرِّياحَ مُبَشِّراتٍ وَ لِيُذِيقَكُمْ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ وَ لِتَجْرِيَ الْفُلْكُ بِأَمْرِهِ وَ لِتَبْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ
And the Mighty and Majestic Said: And from His Signs is that He Sends the winds as glad tidings for Him to Make you taste His Mercy, and for you to sail the ships by His Command, and for you to seek from His Grace, and perhaps you would be thankful [30:46]
و قال تعالى اللَّهُ الَّذِي يُرْسِلُ الرِّياحَ فَتُثِيرُ سَحاباً فَيَبْسُطُهُ فِي السَّماءِ كَيْفَ يَشاءُ وَ يَجْعَلُهُ كِسَفاً فَتَرَى الْوَدْقَ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ خِلالِهِ فَإِذا أَصابَ بِهِ مَنْ يَشاءُ مِنْ عِبادِهِ إِذا هُمْ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ
Allah is the One Who Sends the winds, so they raise clouds. Then He Extends them in the sky however He so Desires to. And He Makes these as fragments, so you will see the drizzle coming out from its midst. Then, when He Pours it upon ones He so Desires to from His servant, then they are happy [30:48]
وَ إِنْ كانُوا مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يُنَزَّلَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ لَمُبْلِسِينَ
And surely, before its descent upon them, they were in despair from it [30:49]
فَانْظُرْ إِلى آثارِ رَحْمَتِ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ يُحْيِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِها إِنَّ ذلِكَ لَمُحْيِ الْمَوْتى وَ هُوَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
So, look at the impact of the Mercy of Allah, how He Revives the land after its death. Surely that (is Allah), Reviver of the dead, and He is Able upon all things [30:50]
و قال تعالى اللَّهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ ضَعْفٍ ثُمَّ جَعَلَ مِنْ بَعْدِ ضَعْفٍ قُوَّةً ثُمَّ جَعَلَ مِنْ بَعْدِ قُوَّةٍ ضَعْفاً وَ شَيْبَةً يَخْلُقُ ما يَشاءُ وَ هُوَ الْعَلِيمُ الْقَدِيرُ
And the Exalted Said: Allah is the One Who Created you from (a state of) weakness, then He Made strength to be from after weakness, then He Makes weakness and grey hair to be from after strength. He Creates whatever He so Desires to, and He is the Knower, the Powerful [30:54]
لقمان خَلَقَ السَّماواتِ بِغَيْرِ عَمَدٍ تَرَوْنَها وَ أَلْقى فِي الْأَرْضِ رَواسِيَ أَنْ تَمِيدَ بِكُمْ وَ بَثَّ فِيها مِنْ كُلِّ دابَّةٍ وَ أَنْزَلْنا مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً فَأَنْبَتْنا فِيها مِنْ كُلِّ زَوْجٍ كَرِيمٍ
(Surah) Luqman: He Created the skies without pillars you can see, and Cast mountains in the earth lest it shakes with you all, and Sent therein every (kind of) animal; and We Send down water from the sky, so We Grow therein from every noble pair [31:10]
هذا خَلْقُ اللَّهِ فَأَرُونِي ما ذا خَلَقَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ دُونِهِ بَلِ الظَّالِمُونَ فِي ضَلالٍ مُبِينٍ
‘This is Allah’s creation, so show me what those besides Him have created’. But, the unjust are in manifest straying [31:11]
و قال تعالى أَ لَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُولِجُ اللَّيْلَ فِي النَّهارِ وَ يُولِجُ النَّهارَ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَ سَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَ الْقَمَرَ كُلٌّ يَجْرِي إِلى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى وَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ بِما تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ
And the Exalted Said: Do you not see that Allah Merges the night into the day and Merges the day into the night, and Subdued the sun and the moon? Each flows to a specified term, and surely Allah is Aware of what you are doing [31:29]
ذلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ وَ أَنَّ ما يَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِهِ الْباطِلُ وَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْكَبِيرُ
That is because Allah, He is the Truth, and that what they are supplicating to from besides Him, is the falsehood, and surely Allah, He is the Exalted, the Great [31:30]
أَ لَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ الْفُلْكَ تَجْرِي فِي الْبَحْرِ بِنِعْمَتِ اللَّهِ لِيُرِيَكُمْ مِنْ آياتِهِ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآياتٍ لِكُلِّ صَبَّارٍ شَكُورٍ
Do you not see that the ships sail in the sea by a Favour of Allah, for Him to Show you His Signs? Surely, there are Signs in that for every patient, grateful one [31:31]
وَ إِذا غَشِيَهُمْ مَوْجٌ كَالظُّلَلِ دَعَوُا اللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ فَلَمَّا نَجَّاهُمْ إِلَى الْبَرِّ فَمِنْهُمْ مُقْتَصِدٌ وَ ما يَجْحَدُ بِآياتِنا إِلَّا كُلُّ خَتَّارٍ كَفُورٍ
And whenever a wave overwhelms them like a canopy, they supplicate to Allah, being sincere to Him in the Religion. But when He Rescues them to the land, then from them are moderates ones; and none denies Our Signs except every treacherous, ungrateful one [31:32]
التنزيل أَ وَ لَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّا نَسُوقُ الْماءَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ الْجُرُزِ فَنُخْرِجُ بِهِ زَرْعاً تَأْكُلُ مِنْهُ أَنْعامُهُمْ وَ أَنْفُسُهُمْ أَ فَلا يُبْصِرُونَ
(Surah Al Tanzeel): Or do they not see that We Drive the water to a barren land, then We Extract crops with it. Their cattle eat from it and (so do) they themselves. Can they not see? [32:27]
فاطر الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ فاطِرِ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ جاعِلِ الْمَلائِكَةِ رُسُلًا أُولِي أَجْنِحَةٍ مَثْنى وَ ثُلاثَ وَ رُباعَ يَزِيدُ فِي الْخَلْقِ ما يَشاءُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
(Surah) Faatir: The Praise is for Allah, Originator of the skies and the earth, Maker of the Angels as primary messengers, two-winged, and three, and four. He Increases in the creation whatever He so Desires to. Surely, Allah is Able upon all things [35:1]
ما يَفْتَحِ اللَّهُ لِلنَّاسِ مِنْ رَحْمَةٍ فَلا مُمْسِكَ لَها وَ ما يُمْسِكْ فَلا مُرْسِلَ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَ هُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ
Whatever Mercy Allah Opens to the people, so there is none to withhold it, and whatever He Withholds, there is no sender to him from after Him, and He is the Mighty, the Wise [35:2]
و قال تعالى وَ اللَّهُ خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ تُرابٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ جَعَلَكُمْ أَزْواجاً
And Allah Created you from soil, then from a seed, then He Made you pairs [35:11]
و قال تعالى أَ لَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً فَأَخْرَجْنا بِهِ ثَمَراتٍ مُخْتَلِفاً أَلْوانُها وَ مِنَ الْجِبالِ جُدَدٌ بِيضٌ وَ حُمْرٌ مُخْتَلِفٌ أَلْوانُها وَ غَرابِيبُ سُودٌ
And the Exalted Said: Do you not see that Allah Sends down water from the sky, then We Bring out by it fruits of different colours, and from the mountain tracts – white, and red, of various colours, and shades of black? [35:27]
وَ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَ الدَّوَابِّ وَ الْأَنْعامِ مُخْتَلِفٌ أَلْوانُهُ كَذلِكَ إِنَّما يَخْشَى اللَّهَ مِنْ عِبادِهِ الْعُلَماءُ
And from the people, and beasts and cattle are various species of it, similar to that. But rather, Allah is feared by those from His knowledgeable servants. [35:28]
يس وَ آيَةٌ لَهُمُ الْأَرْضُ الْمَيْتَةُ أَحْيَيْناها وَ أَخْرَجْنا مِنْها حَبًّا فَمِنْهُ يَأْكُلُونَ
(Surah) Yaseen: And a Sign for them is the dead ground. We Revive it and Extract seeds from it, so they are eating from it [36:33]
وَ جَعَلْنا فِيها جَنَّاتٍ مِنْ نَخِيلٍ وَ أَعْنابٍ وَ فَجَّرْنا فِيها مِنَ الْعُيُونِ
And We Make therein gardens of palms and grapevines, and We Make springs to gush forth in it [36:34]
لِيَأْكُلُوا مِنْ ثَمَرِهِ وَ ما عَمِلَتْهُ أَيْدِيهِمْ أَ فَلا يَشْكُرُونَ
For them to eat from its fruits, and what their hands had not worked for. So will they not be thankful? [36:35]
سُبْحانَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ الْأَزْواجَ كُلَّها مِمَّا تُنْبِتُ الْأَرْضُ وَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَ مِمَّا لا يَعْلَمُونَ
Glory be to Him Who Created the pairs of all things, from what the earth grows, and from their own selves, and from what they do not know [36:36]
وَ آيَةٌ لَهُمُ اللَّيْلُ نَسْلَخُ مِنْهُ النَّهارَ فَإِذا هُمْ مُظْلِمُونَ
And a Sign to them is the night. We Withdraw the day from it, so then they are in darkness [36:37]
وَ الشَّمْسُ تَجْرِي لِمُسْتَقَرٍّ لَها ذلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ
And the sun flows to a term Appointed for it. That is an Ordainment of the Mighty, the Knower [36:38]
وَ الْقَمَرَ قَدَّرْناهُ مَنازِلَ حَتَّى عادَ كَالْعُرْجُونِ الْقَدِيمِ
And the moon, We Measure stages for it until it returns to be like the old palm branch [36:39]
لَا الشَّمْسُ يَنْبَغِي لَها أَنْ تُدْرِكَ الْقَمَرَ وَ لَا اللَّيْلُ سابِقُ النَّهارِ وَ كُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ
The sun, it is not befitting for it that it should overtake the moon, nor for the night to precede the day, and all are floating in an orbit [36:40]
وَ آيَةٌ لَهُمْ أَنَّا حَمَلْنا ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ فِي الْفُلْكِ الْمَشْحُونِ
And a Sign to them – We Carry their offspring in the laden ship [36:41]
وَ خَلَقْنا لَهُمْ مِنْ مِثْلِهِ ما يَرْكَبُونَ
And We Created for them the like of it, what they are riding upon [36:42]
وَ إِنْ نَشَأْ نُغْرِقْهُمْ فَلا صَرِيخَ لَهُمْ وَ لا هُمْ يُنْقَذُونَ
And if We so Desire, We can Drown them, then there will be no responder to them, nor would they be rescued [36:43]
إِلَّا رَحْمَةً مِنَّا وَ مَتاعاً إِلى حِينٍ
But (it is) a Mercy from Us and an enjoyment for a while [36:44]
و قال تعالى أَ وَ لَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّا خَلَقْنا لَهُمْ مِمَّا عَمِلَتْ أَيْدِينا أَنْعاماً فَهُمْ لَها مالِكُونَ
And the Exalted Said: Or do they not see that We Created cattle for them from what Our Hands Worked, so they are owners of these? [36:71]
وَ ذَلَّلْناها لَهُمْ فَمِنْها رَكُوبُهُمْ وَ مِنْها يَأْكُلُونَ
And We Humbled these for them, so from these they are riding upon, and from these they are eating [36:72]
وَ لَهُمْ فِيها مَنافِعُ وَ مَشارِبُ أَ فَلا يَشْكُرُونَ
And for them are benefits therein and drinks, so will they not be grateful? [36:73]
و قال سبحانه أَ وَ لَمْ يَرَ الْإِنْسانُ أَنَّا خَلَقْناهُ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ فَإِذا هُوَ خَصِيمٌ مُبِينٌ
And the Glorious Said: Does not the human being see that We Created him from a seed? So (now) he is an open disputant? [36:77]
الصافات فَاسْتَفْتِهِمْ أَ هُمْ أَشَدُّ خَلْقاً أَمْ مَنْ خَلَقْنا إِنَّا خَلَقْناهُمْ مِنْ طِينٍ لازِبٍ
(Surah) Al Saafat: So, ask them, are they stronger as a creation or (other) ones We Created? We Created them from sticky clay [37:11]
الزمر خَلَقَ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ بِالْحَقِّ يُكَوِّرُ اللَّيْلَ عَلَى النَّهارِ وَ يُكَوِّرُ النَّهارَ عَلَى اللَّيْلِ وَ سَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَ الْقَمَرَ كُلٌّ يَجْرِي لِأَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى أَلا هُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْغَفَّارُ
(Surah) Al Zumar: He Created the skies and the earth by the Truth. He Wraps the night upon the day, and Wraps the day upon the night, and He subjugated the sun and the moon, each flowing to a specified term. Indeed! He is the Mighty, the Forgiver [39:5]
خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ واحِدَةٍ ثُمَّ جَعَلَ مِنْها زَوْجَها وَ أَنْزَلَ لَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَنْعامِ ثَمانِيَةَ أَزْواجٍ يَخْلُقُكُمْ فِي بُطُونِ أُمَّهاتِكُمْ خَلْقاً مِنْ بَعْدِ خَلْقٍ فِي ظُلُماتٍ ثَلاثٍ ذلِكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبُّكُمْ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ لا إِلهَ إِلَّا هُوَ فَأَنَّى تُصْرَفُونَ
He Created you from a single soul, then Made its pair from it, and Sent down for you eight pairs of the cattle. He Created you in the bellies of your mothers a creation from after a creation in triple darkness. That is Allah, your Lord! For Him is the kingdom. There is no god except Him, so why are you turning away? [39:6]
و قال تعالى أَ لَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً فَسَلَكَهُ يَنابِيعَ فِي الْأَرْضِ ثُمَّ يُخْرِجُ بِهِ زَرْعاً مُخْتَلِفاً أَلْوانُهُ ثُمَّ يَهِيجُ فَتَراهُ مُصْفَرًّا ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُهُ حُطاماً إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَذِكْرى لِأُولِي الْأَلْبابِ
Do you not see that Allah Sends down water from the sky, then Flows it as springs in the earth? Then He Brings out by it a variety of plants of different colours. Then it withers, so you see it as pale. Then He Makes it fragmented. Surely in that is a reminder for the ones of understanding [39:21]
المؤمن هُوَ الَّذِي يُرِيكُمْ آياتِهِ وَ يُنَزِّلُ لَكُمْ مِنَ السَّماءِ رِزْقاً وَ ما يَتَذَكَّرُ إِلَّا مَنْ يُنِيبُ
(Surah) Al Momin: He is the One Who Shows you His Signs and Sends down for you, sustenance from the sky, and none heed except the penitent (repentant) one [40:13]
و قال تعالى اللَّهُ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ اللَّيْلَ لِتَسْكُنُوا فِيهِ وَ النَّهارَ مُبْصِراً إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَ لكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لا يَشْكُرُونَ
And the Exalted Said: Allah is the One Who Made for you the night for you to rest in, and the day to visualise. Surely, Allah is with Grace upon the people, but most of the people are not grateful [40:61]
ذلِكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبُّكُمْ خالِقُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ لا إِلهَ إِلَّا هُوَ فَأَنَّى تُؤْفَكُونَ
That is Allah, your Lord, the Creator of all things. There is no god except Him, so why are you deluded? [40:62]
كَذلِكَ يُؤْفَكُ الَّذِينَ كانُوا بِآياتِ اللَّهِ يَجْحَدُونَ
Like that are deluded, those who fought against the Signs of Allah [40:63]
اللَّهُ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ قَراراً وَ السَّماءَ بِناءً وَ صَوَّرَكُمْ فَأَحْسَنَ صُوَرَكُمْ وَ رَزَقَكُمْ مِنَ الطَّيِّباتِ ذلِكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبُّكُمْ
Allah is the One Who Made the earth for you for settlement, and the sky as a canopy, and Fashioned you, so excellent is your image, and Sustained you from the good things. That is Allah, your Lord. Blessed is Allah, Lord of the worlds [40:64]
فَتَبارَكَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعالَمِينَ هُوَ الْحَيُّ لا إِلهَ إِلَّا هُوَ فَادْعُوهُ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعالَمِينَ
He is the Living. There is no god except Him, therefore supplicate to Him, being sincere to Him in Religion. The Praise is for Allah, Lord of the worlds [40:65]
قُلْ إِنِّي نُهِيتُ أَنْ أَعْبُدَ الَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ لَمَّا جاءَنِي الْبَيِّناتُ مِنْ رَبِّي وَ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُسْلِمَ لِرَبِّ الْعالَمِينَ
Say: ‘I am Forbidden to worship those you are supplicating to from besides Allah, when the clear proofs from my Lord have already come to me, and I am Commanded to submit to the Lord of the Worlds [40:66]
هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ تُرابٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ عَلَقَةٍ ثُمَّ يُخْرِجُكُمْ طِفْلًا ثُمَّ لِتَبْلُغُوا أَشُدَّكُمْ ثُمَّ لِتَكُونُوا شُيُوخاً وَ مِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُتَوَفَّى مِنْ قَبْلُ وَ لِتَبْلُغُوا أَجَلًا مُسَمًّى وَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ
He is the One Who Created you from soil, then from a seed, then from a cloth, then He Extracted you as a child, then you reached your adulthood, then you became old. And from you is one He Caused to die from before, and for you to reach a specified term, and perhaps you would use your intellects [40:67]
هُوَ الَّذِي يُحْيِي وَ يُمِيتُ فَإِذا قَضى أَمْراً فَإِنَّما يَقُولُ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ
He is the One Who Revives and Causes to die. So, whenever He Decrees a matter, so rather He is Saying to it: “Be!” And it comes into being [40:68]
و قال عز و جل اللَّهُ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَنْعامَ لِتَرْكَبُوا مِنْها وَ مِنْها تَأْكُلُونَ
Allah is the One Who Made for you the cattle in order for you to ride from these, and from these you are eating [40:79]
وَ لَكُمْ فِيها مَنافِعُ وَ لِتَبْلُغُوا عَلَيْها حاجَةً فِي صُدُورِكُمْ وَ عَلَيْها وَ عَلَى الْفُلْكِ تُحْمَلُونَ
And there are benefits in these for you, and for you to reach upon these to your needs which are in your chests, and upon these and upon the ships you are being carried [40:80]
وَ يُرِيكُمْ آياتِهِ فَأَيَّ آياتِ اللَّهِ تُنْكِرُونَ
And He shows you His Signs, so which of the Signs of Allah will you be denying? [40:81]
فصلت قُلْ أَ إِنَّكُمْ لَتَكْفُرُونَ بِالَّذِي خَلَقَ الْأَرْضَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ وَ تَجْعَلُونَ لَهُ أَنْداداً ذلِكَ رَبُّ الْعالَمِينَ
(Surah) Al Sajdah (Fussilat): Say: ‘You are disbelieving in the One Who Created the earth in two periods, and you are setting up equals to Him? That is Lord of the worlds [41:9]
وَ جَعَلَ فِيها رَواسِيَ مِنْ فَوْقِها وَ بارَكَ فِيها وَ قَدَّرَ فِيها أَقْواتَها فِي أَرْبَعَةِ أَيَّامٍ سَواءً لِلسَّائِلِينَ
And He Made in it mountains from above it, and He Blessed therein, and Measured out its livelihoods (to be) in it in four periods, complete for the seekers [41:10]
ثُمَّ اسْتَوى إِلَى السَّماءِ وَ هِيَ دُخانٌ فَقالَ لَها وَ لِلْأَرْضِ ائْتِيا طَوْعاً أَوْ كَرْهاً قالَتا أَتَيْنا طائِعِينَ
Then He Directed Himself to the sky and it was a smoke, so He Said to it and to the earth: “Come, willingly or unwillingly!” They both said: ‘We come willingly’ [41:11]
فَقَضاهُنَّ سَبْعَ سَماواتٍ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ وَ أَوْحى فِي كُلِّ سَماءٍ أَمْرَها وَ زَيَّنَّا السَّماءَ الدُّنْيا بِمَصابِيحَ وَ حِفْظاً ذلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ
So, He Ordained them to be seven skies in two periods, and Revealed in every sky, its regulation. And We Adorned the sky of the world with lamps and Guarded it. That is a Decree of the Mighty, the Knowing [41:12]
و قال تعالى سَنُرِيهِمْ آياتِنا فِي الْآفاقِ وَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ أَ وَ لَمْ يَكْفِ بِرَبِّكَ أَنَّهُ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ
And the Exalted Said: We will be Showing them Our Signs in the horizons and within their own selves, until it becomes clear to them that it is the Truth. Or, does is not suffice that your Lord is a Witness upon all things? [41:53]
أَلا إِنَّهُمْ فِي مِرْيَةٍ مِنْ لِقاءِ رَبِّهِمْ أَلا إِنَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ مُحِيطٌ
Indeed! They are in doubt of meeting their Lord. Indeed! He Encompasses all things [41:54]
حمعسق فاطِرُ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَزْواجاً وَ مِنَ الْأَنْعامِ أَزْواجاً يَذْرَؤُكُمْ فِيهِ
Originator of the skies and the earth. He Made for your (comfort) mates for you from among yourselves, and also mates of the cattle, multiplying you thereby. [42:11]
و قال تعالى وَ مِنْ آياتِهِ خَلْقُ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ ما بَثَّ فِيهِما مِنْ دابَّةٍ وَ هُوَ عَلى جَمْعِهِمْ إِذا يَشاءُ قَدِيرٌ
And the Exalted Said: And from His Signs is the Creation of the skies and the earth and whatever from the animals Allah Spreads therein, and He is Able upon the entirety of them, when He so Desires [42:29]
و قال سبحانه وَ مِنْ آياتِهِ الْجَوارِ فِي الْبَحْرِ كَالْأَعْلامِ
And the Glorious Said: And from His Signs are the ships in the sea like the banners [42:32]
إِنْ يَشَأْ يُسْكِنِ الرِّيحَ فَيَظْلَلْنَ رَواكِدَ عَلى ظَهْرِهِ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآياتٍ لِكُلِّ صَبَّارٍ شَكُورٍ
If He so Desires, He could Calm the winds, so it would be motionless upon its back. Surely, there are Signs in that for every patient, grateful one [42:33]
أَوْ يُوبِقْهُنَّ بِما كَسَبُوا وَ يَعْفُ عَنْ كَثِيرٍ
Or He could Destroy these due to what they earned, and He Pardons a lot [42:34]
وَ يَعْلَمَ الَّذِينَ يُجادِلُونَ فِي آياتِنا ما لَهُمْ مِنْ مَحِيصٍ
And those who are disputing regarding Our Signs may know there is no way out for them [42:35]
الزخرف وَ لَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ مَنْ خَلَقَ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ لَيَقُولُنَّ خَلَقَهُنَّ الْعَزِيزُ الْعَلِيمُ
(Surah) Al Zukhruf – And if you were to ask them: ‘Who Created the skies and the earth?’ They would be saying, ‘The Mighty, the Wise Created these’. [43:9]
الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ مَهْداً وَ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ فِيها سُبُلًا لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ
The One Who Made the earth as a resting-place for you, and Made therein ways for you, perhaps you would be Guided [43:10]
وَ الَّذِي نَزَّلَ مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً بِقَدَرٍ فَأَنْشَرْنا بِهِ بَلْدَةً مَيْتاً كَذلِكَ تُخْرَجُونَ
And the One Who Sends down water from the sky in a measured way, so We Revive a dead land by it. Like that you would be coming out (from your graves) [43:11]
وَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ الْأَزْواجَ كُلَّها وَ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنَ الْفُلْكِ وَ الْأَنْعامِ ما تَرْكَبُونَ
And the One Who Created the pairs, all of them, and Made for you of the ships and the cattle what you are riding [43:12]
لِتَسْتَوُوا عَلى ظُهُورِهِ ثُمَّ تَذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ رَبِّكُمْ إِذَا اسْتَوَيْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ وَ تَقُولُوا سُبْحانَ الَّذِي سَخَّرَ لَنا هذا وَ ما كُنَّا لَهُ مُقْرِنِينَ
For you to sit evenly upon their backs. Then remember the Favour of your lord when you are sitting evenly upon it, and you should be saying, ‘Glory be to the One Who Subjugated this one for us, and we were not capable for it [43:13]
وَ إِنَّا إِلى رَبِّنا لَمُنْقَلِبُونَ
And we would be returning to our Lord’ [43:14]
الجاثية إِنَّ فِي السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ لَآياتٍ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
(Surah) Al Jaasiya: Surely in the skies and the earth there are Signs for the Momineen [45:3]
وَ فِي خَلْقِكُمْ وَ ما يَبُثُّ مِنْ دابَّةٍ آياتٌ لِقَوْمٍ يُوقِنُونَ
And in your (own) creation, and what He Spread out from animals, there are Signs for a people who are certain [45:4]
وَ اخْتِلافِ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهارِ وَ ما أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنَ السَّماءِ مِنْ رِزْقٍ فَأَحْيا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِها وَ تَصْرِيفِ الرِّياحِ آياتٌ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ
And the variation of the night and the day, and What sustenance Allah Sends down from the sky, so He Revives the land by it after its death, and the changing of the winds, are Signs for a people using their intellects [45:5]
و قال تعالى اللَّهُ الَّذِي سَخَّرَ لَكُمُ الْبَحْرَ لِتَجْرِيَ الْفُلْكُ فِيهِ بِأَمْرِهِ وَ لِتَبْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ
And the Exalted Said: Allah is the One Who Subdued for you the sea in order for the ships to sail in it by His Command, and for you to seek from His Grace, and perhaps you would be grateful [45:12]
وَ سَخَّرَ لَكُمْ ما فِي السَّماواتِ وَ ما فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعاً مِنْهُ إِنَّ فِي ذلِكَ لَآياتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ
And He Subdued for you whatever is in the skies and whatever is in the earth altogether from it. Surely, in that are Signs for a people who think [45:13]
و قال سبحانه وَ قالُوا ما هِيَ إِلَّا حَياتُنَا الدُّنْيا نَمُوتُ وَ نَحْيا وَ ما يُهْلِكُنا إِلَّا الدَّهْرُ وَ ما لَهُمْ بِذلِكَ مِنْ عِلْمٍ إِنْ هُمْ إِلَّا يَظُنُّونَ
And the Glorious Said: And they are saying, ‘It is not except our life of the world. We are dying and we live and nothing destroys us except the time’. And there is no knowledge for them with that. Surely, they are only guessing [45:24]
الذاريات وَ فِي الْأَرْضِ آياتٌ لِلْمُوقِنِينَ
(Surah) Al Zariyaat: And in the earth there are Signs for the convinced ones [51:20]
وَ فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَ فَلا تُبْصِرُونَ
And within themselves (too). So, will you not see? [51:21]
و قال جل و علا وَ السَّماءَ بَنَيْناها بِأَيْدٍ وَ إِنَّا لَمُوسِعُونَ
And the Mighty and Majestic Said: And the sky, We Built it by Hand, and We are the Expanders [51:47]
وَ الْأَرْضَ فَرَشْناها فَنِعْمَ الْماهِدُونَ
And the earth, We Spread it out, so how excellent are the spreaders [51:48]
وَ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنا زَوْجَيْنِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ
And from all things, We Created pairs, perhaps you would take heed [51:49]
الطور أَمْ خُلِقُوا مِنْ غَيْرِ شَيْءٍ أَمْ هُمُ الْخالِقُونَ
(Surah) Al Toor: Or were they created from nothing, or are they the creators? [52:35]
أَمْ خَلَقُوا السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ بَلْ لا يُوقِنُونَ
Or did they create the skies and the earth? But, they are not certain [52:36]
الرحمن الرَّحْمنُ عَلَّمَ الْقُرْآنَ خَلَقَ الْإِنْسانَ إلى آخر الآيات
(Surah) Al Rahman – The Beneficent [55:1] Taught the Quran [55:2] Created the human being [55:3] – up to the last Verses.
الواقعة نَحْنُ خَلَقْناكُمْ فَلَوْ لا تُصَدِّقُونَ
(Surah) Al Waqia: We Created you, so why are you not ratifying? [56:57]
أَ فَرَأَيْتُمْ ما تُمْنُونَ
Have you considered what you sow? [56:58]
أَ أَنْتُمْ تَخْلُقُونَهُ أَمْ نَحْنُ الْخالِقُونَ
Is it you that Create it or are We the Creators? [56:59]
نَحْنُ قَدَّرْنا بَيْنَكُمُ الْمَوْتَ وَ ما نَحْنُ بِمَسْبُوقِينَ
We Ordained death among you and We will not be outrun [56:60]
عَلى أَنْ نُبَدِّلَ أَمْثالَكُمْ وَ نُنْشِئَكُمْ فِي ما لا تَعْلَمُونَ
Nevertheless, We will replace the likes of you and We will Grow you into what you do not know [56:61]
وَ لَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمُ النَّشْأَةَ الْأُولى فَلَوْ لا تَذَكَّرُونَ
And you have known the first growth, so why are you not taking heed? [56:62]
أَ فَرَأَيْتُمْ ما تَحْرُثُونَ
Have you considered what you cultivate? [56:63]
أَ أَنْتُمْ تَزْرَعُونَهُ أَمْ نَحْنُ الزَّارِعُونَ
Are you its growers or are We the Growers? [56:64]
لَوْ نَشاءُ لَجَعَلْناهُ حُطاماً فَظَلْتُمْ تَفَكَّهُونَ
If We so Desire, We can Make it to be debris, then you would be upset [56:65]
إِنَّا لَمُغْرَمُونَ
(Saying), ‘We have been penalised! [56:66]
بَلْ نَحْنُ مَحْرُومُونَ
But, we have been deprived!’ [56:67]
أَ فَرَأَيْتُمُ الْماءَ الَّذِي تَشْرَبُونَ
Have you considered the water, which you are drinking? [56:68]
أَ أَنْتُمْ أَنْزَلْتُمُوهُ مِنَ الْمُزْنِ أَمْ نَحْنُ الْمُنْزِلُونَ
Are you it’s senders from the clouds or are We the Senders? [56:69]
لَوْ نَشاءُ جَعَلْناهُ أُجاجاً فَلَوْ لا تَشْكُرُونَ
If We so Desire, We can Make it salty, so why are you not grateful? [56:70]
أَ فَرَأَيْتُمُ النَّارَ الَّتِي تُورُونَ
Have you considered the fire, which you ignite? [56:71]
أَ أَنْتُمْ أَنْشَأْتُمْ شَجَرَتَها أَمْ نَحْنُ الْمُنْشِؤُنَ
Are you growing its trees or are We the Growers? [56:72]
نَحْنُ جَعَلْناها تَذْكِرَةً وَ مَتاعاً لِلْمُقْوِينَ
We Made it a have made it a reminder and a provision for the wayfarers of the desert [56:73]
فَسَبِّحْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الْعَظِيمِ
Therefore, Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Magnificent [56:74]
الطلاق اللَّهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَ سَبْعَ سَماواتٍ وَ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ مِثْلَهُنَّ يَتَنَزَّلُ الْأَمْرُ بَيْنَهُنَّ لِتَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ وَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَحاطَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عِلْماً
(Surah) Al Talaaq: Allah is the One Who Created the seven skies, and from the earth similar to these. The Command descends between these for you to know that Allah is Able upon all things, and that Allah has Encompassed with all things in Knowledge [65:12]
الملك الَّذِي خَلَقَ سَبْعَ سَماواتٍ طِباقاً ما تَرى فِي خَلْقِ الرَّحْمنِ مِنْ تَفاوُتٍ فَارْجِعِ الْبَصَرَ هَلْ تَرى مِنْ فُطُورٍ
(Surah) Al Mulk – Who Created the seven skies as layers. You will not see in the Creation by the Beneficent any disparity. Then return the sight, can you see any flaw? [67:3]
ثُمَّ ارْجِعِ الْبَصَرَ كَرَّتَيْنِ يَنْقَلِبْ إِلَيْكَ الْبَصَرُ خاسِئاً وَ هُوَ حَسِيرٌ
Then return the sight once again. The sight will come back to you humbled and it would be fatigued [67:4]
وَ لَقَدْ زَيَّنَّا السَّماءَ الدُّنْيا بِمَصابِيحَ وَ جَعَلْناها رُجُوماً لِلشَّياطِينِ
And We have Adorned the sky of the world with lamps, and We Made these to be missiles for (pelting) the satans [67:5]
و قال تعالى أَ وَ لَمْ يَرَوْا إِلَى الطَّيْرِ فَوْقَهُمْ صافَّاتٍ وَ يَقْبِضْنَ ما يُمْسِكُهُنَّ إِلَّا الرَّحْمنُ إِنَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ بَصِيرٌ
And the Exalted Said: Or do they not look at the birds above them, spreading (their wings) and folding them? What withholds them except the Beneficent? He is Sees all things [67:19]
و قال سبحانه أَمَّنْ هذَا الَّذِي يَرْزُقُكُمْ إِنْ أَمْسَكَ رِزْقَهُ بَلْ لَجُّوا فِي عُتُوٍّ وَ نُفُورٍ
Or who is the one will sustain you if He were to Withhold His Sustenance? But, they persist in insolence and reluctance [67:21]
و قال تعالى قُلْ هُوَ الَّذِي أَنْشَأَكُمْ وَ جَعَلَ لَكُمُ السَّمْعَ وَ الْأَبْصارَ وَ الْأَفْئِدَةَ قَلِيلًا ما تَشْكُرُونَ
And the Exalted Said: Say: ‘He is the One Who Caused you to grow, and Made for you the hearing, and the sight, and the heart – little it is what you are thanking for’ [67:23]
قُلْ هُوَ الَّذِي ذَرَأَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَ إِلَيْهِ تُحْشَرُونَ
Say: ‘He is the One Who Multiplied you in the earth, and to Him you would be gathered’ [67:24]
و قال سبحانه قُلْ هُوَ الرَّحْمنُ آمَنَّا بِهِ وَ عَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلْنا فَسَتَعْلَمُونَ مَنْ هُوَ فِي ضَلالٍ مُبِينٍ
And the Glorious Said: Say: ‘He is the Beneficent! We believe in Him, and upon Him we Rely. Soon you shall come to know who is in clear straying’ [67:29]
قُلْ أَ رَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ أَصْبَحَ ماؤُكُمْ غَوْراً فَمَنْ يَأْتِيكُمْ بِماءٍ مَعِينٍ
Say: ‘Have you considered if your water were to become sunken, so who can come to you with flowing water?’ [67:30]
المرسلات أَ لَمْ نَخْلُقْكُمْ مِنْ ماءٍ مَهِينٍ
(Surah) Al Mursilaat: Did We not Create you all from contemptible water? [77:20]
فَجَعَلْناهُ فِي قَرارٍ مَكِينٍ
Then We Made it to be in a secure place [77:21]
إِلى قَدَرٍ مَعْلُومٍ
Up to a known determination [77:22]
فَقَدَرْنا فَنِعْمَ الْقادِرُونَ
So, We Determine, and We are excellent Determiners [77:23]
وَيْلٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلْمُكَذِّبِينَ
Woe on that Day is for the beliers [77:24]
أَ لَمْ نَجْعَلِ الْأَرْضَ كِفاتاً
Did We not Make the earth like a receptacle [77:25]
أَحْياءً وَ أَمْواتاً
(For) the living and the dead? [77:26]
وَ جَعَلْنا فِيها رَواسِيَ شامِخاتٍ وَ أَسْقَيْناكُمْ ماءً فُراتاً
And made therein lofty peaks, and Quench you fresh water? [77:27]
وَيْلٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلْمُكَذِّبِينَ
Woe on that Day is for the beliers [77:28]
النبأ أَ لَمْ نَجْعَلِ الْأَرْضَ مِهاداً
(Surah) Al Naba: Have We not made the earth a cradle? [78:6]
وَ الْجِبالَ أَوْتاداً
And the mountains as pegs? [78:7]
وَ خَلَقْناكُمْ أَزْواجاً
And We Created you as pairs [78:8]
وَ جَعَلْنا نَوْمَكُمْ سُباتاً
And We Made your sleep to be rest [78:9]
وَ جَعَلْنَا اللَّيْلَ لِباساً
And We Made the night a covering [78:10]
وَ جَعَلْنَا النَّهارَ مَعاشاً
And We Made the day for livelihood [78:11]
وَ بَنَيْنا فَوْقَكُمْ سَبْعاً شِداداً
And We Built seven strong (skies) above you [78:12]
وَ جَعَلْنا سِراجاً وَهَّاجاً
And We Made a burning lamp [78:13]
وَ أَنْزَلْنا مِنَ الْمُعْصِراتِ ماءً ثَجَّاجاً
And We Send down from the clouds abundant water [78:14]
لِنُخْرِجَ بِهِ حَبًّا وَ نَباتاً
To Bring forth thereby corn and That We may bring forth thereby crawlers and vegetation [78:15]
وَ جَنَّاتٍ أَلْفافاً
And the gardens thick foliaged gardens [78:16]
النازعات أَ أَنْتُمْ أَشَدُّ خَلْقاً أَمِ السَّماءُ بَناها
(Surah) Al Naziyaat: Are you the harder to create or the sky? He Built it [79:27]
رَفَعَ سَمْكَها فَسَوَّاها
He Raised its ceiling, then Evened it [79:28]
وَ أَغْطَشَ لَيْلَها وَ أَخْرَجَ ضُحاها
And He Covered its night and Extracted its brightness [79:29]
وَ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ ذلِكَ دَحاها
And the earth, He Spread it after that [79:30]
أَخْرَجَ مِنْها ماءَها وَ مَرْعاها
He Brings forth from it, its water and its pasturage [79:31]
وَ الْجِبالَ أَرْساها
And the mountains, He Affirmed these [79:32]
مَتاعاً لَكُمْ وَ لِأَنْعامِكُمْ
Being a provision for you and for your cattle [79:33]
عبس فَلْيَنْظُرِ الْإِنْسانُ إِلى طَعامِهِ
(Surah) Abasa: Then let the human being look at his food (intake) [80:24]
أَنَّا صَبَبْنَا الْماءَ صَبًّا
Surely, We Pour the water with (abundant) pouring [80:25]
ثُمَّ شَقَقْنَا الْأَرْضَ شَقًّا
Then We Cleave the earth, with a cleaving [80:26]
فَأَنْبَتْنا فِيها حَبًّا
So We Grow grain therein [80:27]
وَ عِنَباً وَ قَضْباً
And grapes and green fodder [80:28]
وَ زَيْتُوناً وَ نَخْلًا
And olive and palm [80:29]
وَ حَدائِقَ غُلْباً
And thick foliaged gardens [80:30]
وَ فاكِهَةً وَ أَبًّا
And fruits and grass [80:31]
مَتاعاً لَكُمْ وَ لِأَنْعامِكُمْ
Being a provision for you and for your cattle [80:32]
الغاشية أَ فَلا يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَى الْإِبِلِ كَيْفَ خُلِقَتْ
(Surah) Al Ghashiya: So why are they not looking at the camel, how it is Created, [88:17]
وَ إِلَى السَّماءِ كَيْفَ رُفِعَتْ
And at the sky, how it is raised, [88:18]
وَ إِلَى الْجِبالِ كَيْفَ نُصِبَتْ
And at the mountains, how they are established, [88:19]
وَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ كَيْفَ سُطِحَتْ
And at the earth, how it is spread out? [88:20].
1- ج، الإحتجاج عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَ لَوْ فَكَّرُوا فِي عَظِيمِ الْقُدْرَةِ وَ جَسِيمِ النِّعْمَةِ لَرَجَعُوا إِلَى الطَّرِيقِ وَ خَافُوا عَذَابَ الْحَرِيقِ وَ لَكِنِ الْقُلُوبُ عَلِيلَةٌ وَ الْأَبْصَارُ مَدْخُولَةٌ
‘Al Ihtijaj’ – From Amir Al-Momineen-asws: ‘If they were to think regarding the Magnificence of the Power, and the vastness of the Bounties, they would have returned to the path, and would have feared the Punishment of burning. But the hearts are sick, and the sights are diseased.
أَ فَلَا يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَى صَغِيرِ مَا خَلَقَ كَيْفَ أَحْكَمَ خَلْقَهُ وَ أَتْقَنَ تَرْكِيبَهُ وَ فَلَقَ لَهُ السَّمْعَ وَ الْبَصَرَ وَ سَوَّى لَهُ الْعَظْمَ وَ الْبَشَرَ انْظُرُوا إِلَى النَّمْلَةِ فِي صِغَرِ جُثَّتِهَا وَ لِطَافَةِ هَيْئَتِهَا لَا تَكَادُ تُنَالُ بِلَحْظِ الْبَصَرِ وَ لَا بِمُسْتَدْرَكِ الْفِكَرِ كَيْفَ دَبَّتْ عَلَى أَرْضِهَا وَ ضَنَّتْ عَلَى رِزْقِهَا تَنْقُلُ الْحَبَّةَ إِلَى جُحْرِهَا وَ تُعِدُّهَا فِي مُسْتَقَرِّهَا تَجْمَعُ فِي حَرِّهَا لِبَرْدِهَا وَ فِي وُرُودِهَا لِصُدُورِهَا
Are they not looking at the small of what He-azwj Created? How He-azwj Judged His-azwj creatures and Mastered its composition, and Opened for it the hearing and the sight, and Evened for it the bones and the skin. Look at the ant, at the smallness of its body and the subtleness of its form. It cannot be seen with a glance of the sight, nor by the awareness of the thought. How it walks upon its ground, and strives upon its sustenance. It transfers the grain to its hole and deposits it in its dwelling. It gathers during its heat (summer) and its cold (winter), and its strength for its weakness.
مَكْفُولٌ بِرِزْقِهَا مَرْزُوقَةٌ بِوَفْقِهَا لَا يُغْفِلُهَا الْمَنَّانُ وَ لَا يَحْرِمُهَا الدَّيَّانُ وَ لَوْ فِي الصَّفَا الْيَابِسِ وَ الْحَجَرِ الْجَامِسِ لَوْ فَكَّرْتَ فِي مَجَارِي أَكْلِهَا وَ فِي عُلْوِهَا وَ سُفْلِهَا وَ مَا فِي الْجَوْفِ مِنْ شَرَاسِيفِ بَطْنِهَا وَ مَا فِي الرَّأْسِ مِنْ عَيْنِهَا وَ أُذُنِهَا لَقَضَيْتَ مِنْ خَلْقِهَا عَجَباً وَ لَقِيتَ مِنْ وَصْفِهَا تَعَباً
It is guaranteed with its sustenance, sustained with its fitness. Neither is the Provider Heedless of it nor is it deprived by the Judge, and even if it was inside the dry stone or a split rock. If you were to think about the flow of its meal consumed, and regarding its upper part and its lower part, and what is in the inside from the coverings of its belly, and what is in the head, from its eyes and its ears, you would realise its creation is wondrous and would be exhausted from describing it.
فَتَعَالَى الَّذِي أَقَامَهَا عَلَى قَوَائِمِهَا وَ بَنَاهَا عَلَى دَعَائِمِهَا لَمْ يَشْرَكْهُ فِي فِطْرَتِهَا فَاطِرٌ وَ لَمْ يُعِنْهُ عَلَى خَلْقِهَا قَادِرٌ وَ لَوْ ضَرَبْتَ فِي مَذَاهِبِ فِكْرِكَ لِتَبْلُغَ غَايَاتِهِ مَا دَلَّتْكَ الدَّلَالَةُ إِلَّا عَلَى أَنَّ فَاطِرَ النَّمْلَةِ هُوَ فَاطِرُ النَّحْلَةِ لِدَقِيقِ تَفْصِيلِ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَ غَامِضِ اخْتِلَافِ كُلِّ حَيٍّ وَ مَا الْجَلِيلُ وَ اللَّطِيفُ وَ الثَّقِيلُ وَ الْخَفِيفُ وَ الْقَوِيُّ وَ الضَّعِيفُ فِي خَلْقِهِ إِلَّا سَوَاءٌ
Exalted is the One-azwj Who Up-righted it upon its legs, and Built it upon its foundations. No originator participated with Him-azwj in Originating it, and no power assisted Him-azwj upon its creation. If you were to strike in the doctrines of your thought to reach its peak, the evidence would not point you to anything else except that the Originator of the ant, He-azwj is the Originator of the bee, due to the tiny details of all things and mysterious differences of all living beings, and the majestic, and the subtle, and the heavy, and the light, and the strong, and the weak, in His-azwj creation, are they not, except the same?
كَذَلِكَ السَّمَاءُ وَ الْهَوَاءُ وَ الرِّيحُ وَ الْمَاءُ فَانْظُرْ إِلَى الشَّمْسِ وَ الْقَمَرِ وَ النَّبَاتِ وَ الشَّجَرِ وَ الْمَاءِ وَ الْحَجَرِ وَ اخْتِلَافِ هَذَا اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ وَ تَفَجُّرِ هَذِهِ الْبِحَارِ وَ كَثْرَةِ هَذِهِ الْجِبَالِ وَ طُولِ هَذِهِ الْقِلَالِ وَ تَفَرُّقِ هَذِهِ اللُّغَاتِ وَ الْأَلْسُنِ الْمُخْتَلِفَاتِ
Similar to that is the sky, and the air, and the wind, and the water. Look at the sun, and the moon, and the vegetation, and the tree, and the water, and the rock, and the interchange of this night and the day, and the flowing of these oceans, and the abundance of these mountains, and the length of these peaks, and the difference between the languages and various tongues.
فَالْوَيْلُ لِمَنْ أَنْكَرَ الْمُقَدِّرَ وَ جَحَدَ الْمُدَبِّرَ زَعَمُوا أَنَّهُمْ كَالنَّبَاتِ مَا لَهُمْ زَارِعٌ وَ لَا لِاخْتِلَافِ صُوَرِهِمْ صَانِعٌ لَمْ يَلْجَئُوا إِلَى حُجَّةٍ فِيمَا ادَّعَوْا وَ لَا تَحْقِيقٍ لِمَا وَعَوْا وَ هَلْ يَكُونُ بِنَاءٌ مِنْ غَيْرِ بَانٍ أَوْ جِنَايَةٌ مِنْ غَيْرِ جَانٍ
Woe be unto the one who denies the Plan, and rejects the Planner, alleging that these are plantations having no planter for them, nor is there a Maker for the variety of their images. They did not resort to any proof regarding what they claim, nor any investigation of what they retained (heard). And can there be a building from without, there being a builder, or a crime from without there being a criminal?
وَ إِنْ شِئْتَ قُلْتَ فِي الْجَرَادَةِ إِذْ خَلَقَ لَهَا عَيْنَيْنِ حَمْرَاوَيْنِ وَ أَسْرَجَ لَهَا حَدَقَتَيْنِ قَمْرَاوَيْنِ وَ جَعَلَ لَهَا السَّمْعَ الْخَفِيَّ وَ فَتَحَ لَهَا الْفَمَ السَّوِيَّ وَ جَعَلَ لَهَا الْحِسَّ الْقَوِيَّ وَ نَابَيْنِ بِهِمَا تَقْرِضُ وَ مِنْجَلَيْنِ بِهِمَا تَقْبِضُ تَرْهَبُهَا الزُّرَّاعُ فِي زَرْعِهِمْ وَ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ ذَبَّهَا وَ لَوْ أَجْلَبُوا بِجَمْعِهِمْ حَتَّى تَرِدَ الْحَرْثَ فِي نَزَوَاتِهَا وَ تَقْضِيَ مِنْهُ شَهَوَاتِهَا وَ خَلْقُهَا كُلُّهُ لَا يَكُونُ إِصْبَعاً مُسْتَدِقَّةً
And if you so desire, I could say regarding the locust, when He-azwj has Created for it, two red eyes, and Lighted for it two moon-like holes, and Made for it the hidden ears, and Opened for it the even mouth, and Made for it the strong senses, and two incisors to cut with these, and two feet to catch these with. It scares the farmers in their farms, they not able to stop it, and even if they were to gather together, until it returns the farms to their former state, and fulfils its desires from it, and its creation, all of it does not happen to be (more than) a thin finger.
فَتَبَارَكَ الَّذِي يَسْجُدُ لَهُ مَنْ فِي السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ طَوْعاً وَ كَرْهاً وَ يُعَفِّرُ لَهُ خَدّاً وَ وَجْهاً وَ يُلْقِي بِالطَّاعَةِ إِلَيْهِ سِلْماً وَ ضَعْفاً وَ يُعْطِي لَهُ الْقِيَادَ رَهْبَةً وَ خَوْفاً
Blessed is the One-azwj to Whom perform Sajdah, ones in the skies and the earth, willingly and unwillingly [13:15], and is scorched for him a cheek and a face, and they cast with the obedience to Him-azwj, the strong one and the weak one, and give the Guidance to Him-azwj in awe and fear.
فَالطَّيْرُ مُسَخَّرَةٌ لِأَمْرِهِ أَحْصَى عَدَدَ الرِّيشِ مِنْهَا وَ النَّفَسِ وَ أَرْسَى قَوَائِمَهَا عَلَى النَّدَى وَ الْيَبَسِ قَدَّرَ أَقْوَاتَهَا وَ أَحْصَى أَجْنَاسَهَا فَهَذَا غُرَابٌ وَ هَذَا عُقَابٌ وَ هَذَا حَمَامٌ وَ هَذَا نَعَامٌ دَعَا كُلَّ طَائِرٍ بِاسْمِهِ وَ كَفَلَ لَهُ بِرِزْقِهِ
The bird is subservient to His-azwj Command. He-azwj has Enumerated the number of the feathers from it and the breaths (it takes), and it lays down its legs upon the water and the dry (land). He-azwj Determines its livelihood, and Knows its species. So, this is a crow, and this is an eagle, and this is a dove, and this is an ostrich, Calling every bird by its name, and Guarantees its sustenance for it.
وَ أَنْشَأَ السَّحَابَ الثِّقَالَ فَأَهْطَلَ دِيَمَهَا وَ عَدَّدَ قِسَمَهَا فَبَلَّ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ جُفُوفِهَا وَ أَخْرَجَ نَبْتَهَا بَعْدَ جُدُوبِهَا
And He Raises the heavy cloud [13:12], Producing torrential downpour, and Enumerates its distribution, so it revives the earth after its dryness, and its vegetation comes out after its barrenness.[42]
2- ج، الإحتجاج عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْبَاقِرِ ع فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى وَ مَنْ كانَ فِي هذِهِ أَعْمى فَهُوَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ أَعْمى قَالَ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَدُلَّهُ خَلْقُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ اخْتِلَافُ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ وَ دَوَرَانُ الْفَلَكِ بِالشَّمْسِ وَ الْقَمَرِ وَ الْآيَاتُ الْعَجِيبَاتُ عَلَى أَنَّ وَرَاءَ ذَلِكَ أَمْراً هُوَ أَعْظَمُ مِنْهُ فَهُوَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ أَعْمَى قَالَ فَهُوَ عَمَّا لَمْ يُعَايِنْ أَعْمَى وَ أَضَلُّ سَبِيلًا
‘Al Ihtijaj’ – Muhammad Bin Muslim,
‘From Abu Ja’far Al-Baqir-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: And one who was blind regarding this, so he would be blind in the Hereafter [17:72]. He-asws said: ‘He-asws said: ‘One who does not get indications by the Creation of the skies and the earth, and interchange of the night and the day, and circling of the planets and the sun and the moon, and the wondrous Signs, upon the fact that behind that is a Grand Command, (evidenced) from it, so he would be blind in the Hereafter and more straying from the way [17:72]’’.[43]
3- ج، الإحتجاج رُوِيَ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَ مِنْ سُؤَالِ الزِّنْدِيقِ الَّذِي أَتَى أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ مَا الدَّلِيلُ عَلَى صَانِعِ الْعَالَمِ
‘Al Ihtijaj’ – It is reported from Hisham In Al Hakam having said,
‘It was from the questions of the atheist who came to Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘What is the evidence upon the Maker of the universe?’
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وُجُودُ الْأَفَاعِيلِ الَّتِي دَلَّتْ عَلَى أَنَّ صَانِعَهَا صَنَعَهَا أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّكَ إِذَا نَظَرْتَ إِلَى بِنَاءٍ مُشَيَّدٍ مَبْنِيٍّ عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ لَهُ بَانِياً وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ لَمْ تَرَ الْبَانِيَ وَ لَمْ تُشَاهِدْهُ
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Existence of the deeds which point to the fact that a Maker has done these. Do you not see that you, when you look at a building, a built building, you know that there is a builder for it, and even if you do not see the builder and did not witness it (being built)?’
قَالَ وَ مَا هُوَ قَالَ هُوَ شَيْءٌ بِخِلَافِ الْأَشْيَاءِ ارْجِعْ بِقَوْلِي شَيْءٌ إِلَى إِثْبَاتِهِ وَ أَنَّهُ شَيْءٌ بِحَقِيقَةِ الشَّيْئِيَّةِ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ لَا جِسْمٌ وَ لَا صُورَةٌ وَ لَا يُحَسُّ وَ لَا يُجَسُّ وَ لَا يُدْرَكُ بِالْحَوَاسِّ الْخَمْسِ لَا تُدْرِكُهُ الْأَوْهَامُ وَ لَا تَنْقُصُهُ الدُّهُورُ وَ لَا يُغَيِّرُهُ الزَّمَانُ
He said, ‘What is He-azwj?’ He-asws said: ‘A thing which is different from the things. I return to my-asws words to prove the meaning, and He-azwj is a thing in the reality of the ‘thing-ness’. He-azwj neither has a body nor an image, nor can He-azwj be felt, nor touched, nor can He-azwj be realised by the five senses. Neither can the imaginations grasp Him-azwj, nor does the age reduce Him-azwj, nor does the time change Him-azwj’.
قَالَ السَّائِلُ فَإِنَّا لَمْ نَجِدْ مَوْهُوماً إِلَّا مَخْلُوقاً
The questioner said, ‘But we do not find imaginations except as creations!’
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لَوْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ كَمَا تَقُولُ لَكَانَ التَّوْحِيدُ مِنَّا مُرْتَفِعاً فَإِنَّا لَمْ نُكَلَّفْ أَنْ نَعْتَقِدَ غَيْرَ مَوْهُومٍ لَكِنَّا نَقُولُ كُلُّ مَوْهُومٍ بِالْحَوَاسِّ مُدْرَكٌ بِهَا تَحُدُّهُ الْحَوَاسُّ مُمَثَّلًا فَهُوَ مَخْلُوقٌ وَ لَا بُدَّ مِنْ إِثْبَاتِ صَانِعِ الْأَشْيَاءِ خَارِجاً مِنَ الْجِهَتَيْنِ الْمَذْمُومَتَيْنِ إِحْدَاهُمَا النَّفْيُ إِذْ كَانَ النَّفْيُ هُوَ الْإِبْطَالَ وَ الْعَدَمَ وَ الْجِهَةُ
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘If it were that, just as you are saying, the Tawheed (Oneness) would be raised (negated), because we are not encumbered without imagination. But we are saying that every imagination with the senses realised is limited by the senses, and is a resemblance; thus, it is a creation. When it was the negation, so it is the invalidation, and the nothingness (non-entity) and the modality.
الثَّانِيَةُ التَّشْبِيهُ بِصِفَةِ الْمَخْلُوقِ الظَّاهِرِ التَّرْكِيبِ وَ التَّأْلِيفِ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ بُدٌّ مِنْ إِثْبَاتِ الصَّانِعِ لِوُجُودِ الْمَصْنُوعِينَ وَ الِاضْطِرَارِ مِنْهُمْ إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُمْ مَصْنُوعُونَ وَ أَنَّ صَانِعَهُمْ غَيْرُهُمْ وَ لَيْسَ مِثْلَهُمْ
The second is the resemblance. When there was a resemblance, it would be a quality of the creation, the apparent, the assembled, and the composed. So, it would not happen to be inevitable from proving the Maker due to the existence of the manufactured items and the necessity for them that they are manufactured and that their Maker is other than them, and is not like them.
إِذْ كَانَ مِثْلُهُمْ شَبِيهاً بِهِمْ فِي ظَاهِرِ التَّرْكِيبِ وَ التَّأْلِيفِ وَ فِيمَا يَجْرِي عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ حُدُوثِهِمْ بَعْدَ أَنْ لَمْ يَكُونُوا وَ تَنَقُّلِهِمْ مِنْ صِغَرٍ إِلَى كِبَرٍ وَ سَوَادٍ إِلَى بَيَاضٍ وَ قُوَّةٍ إِلَى ضَعْفٍ وَ أَحْوَالٍ مَوْجُودَةٍ لَا حَاجَةَ بِنَا إِلَى تَفْسِيرِهَا لِثَبَاتِهَا وَ وُجُودِهَا
If He-azwj was like them, He-azwj would have resembled them in the apparent, and the assemblage, and the composition, with regards to what flows upon them from their coming into being afterwards when they did not exist (beforehand), and their transformation from the smallness to the largeness, and blackness to whiteness, and strength to weakness, and their existing states. There is no need for us-asws to interpret these in order to explain these and their existences.
قَالَ السَّائِلُ فَأَنْتَ قَدْ حَدَدْتَهُ إِذْ أَثْبَتَّ وُجُودَهُ
The questioner said to him-asws, ‘But you-asws would have limited Him-azwj when you proved His-azwj existence’.
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لَمْ أَحْدُدْهُ وَ لَكِنْ أَثْبَتُّهُ إِذْ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَيْنَ الْإِثْبَاتِ وَ النَّفْيِ مَنْزِلَةٌ
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘I-asws did not limit Him-azwj. But I-asws proved Him-azwj when there does not happen to be a stage between the negation and the proofs’.
قَالَ السَّائِلُ فَقَوْلُهُ الرَّحْمنُ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ اسْتَوى
The questioner said, ‘(What about) His-azwj Words: The Beneficent, Established upon the Throne [20:5]?’
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع بِذَلِكَ وَصَفَ نَفْسَهُ وَ كَذَلِكَ هُوَ مُسْتَوْلٍ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ بَائِنٌ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْعَرْشُ حَامِلًا لَهُ وَ لَا أَنَّ الْعَرْشَ مَحَلٌّ لَهُ لَكِنَّا نَقُولُ هُوَ حَامِلٌ لِلْعَرْشِ وَ مُمْسِكٌ لِلْعَرْشِ وَ نَقُولُ فِي ذَلِكَ مَا قَالَ وَسِعَ كُرْسِيُّهُ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘By that, He-azwj Described Himself-azwj, and similar to that, He-azwj is Stretched upon the Throne, in that the One-azwj Who Created it from without the Throne happening to be bearing Him-azwj, and not that the Throne is a place for Him-azwj (to be). But, we-asws are saying: ‘He-azwj is a Carrier of the Throne and attached to the Throne’, and we-asws saying regarding that what He-azwj Said: His Chair contains the skies and the earth [2:255].
فَثَبَّتْنَا مِنَ الْعَرْشِ وَ الْكُرْسِيِّ مَا ثَبَّتَهُ وَ نَفَيْنَا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْعَرْشُ وَ الْكُرْسِيُ حَاوِياً لَهُ وَ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مُحْتَاجاً إِلَى مَكَانٍ أَوْ إِلَى شَيْءٍ مِمَّا خَلَقَ بَلْ خَلْقُهُ مُحْتَاجُونَ إِلَيْهِ
Thus, we-asws proved from the Throne and the Chair what is proved, and we-asws negate that the Throne and the Chair happen to be a container for Him-azwj, and that the Mighty and Majestic would happen to be needy to a place, or to a thing from what He-azwj Created. But, His-azwj creations are needy to Him-azwj’.
قَالَ السَّائِلُ فَمَا الْفَرْقُ بَيْنَ أَنْ تَرْفَعُوا أَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَ بَيْنَ أَنْ تَخْفِضُوهَا نَحْوَ الْأَرْضِ
The questioner said, ‘What is the difference between you raising your hands to the sky (for asking for needs) and between lowering them to the ground?’
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع ذَلِكَ فِي عِلْمِهِ وَ إِحَاطَتِهِ وَ قُدْرَتِهِ سَوَاءٌ وَ لَكِنَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَمَرَ أَوْلِيَاءَهُ وَ عِبَادَهُ بِرَفْعِ أَيْدِيهِمْ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ نَحْوَ الْعَرْشِ لِأَنَّهُ جَعَلَهُ مَعْدِنَ الرِّزْقِ فَثَبَّتْنَا مَا ثَبَّتَهُ الْقُرْآنُ وَ الْأَخْبَارُ عَنِ الرَّسُولِ ص حِينَ قَالَ ارْفَعُوا أَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ هَذَا تُجْمِعُ عَلَيْهِ فِرَقُ الْأُمَّةِ كُلُّهَا
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘That, in His-azwj Knowledge, and His-azwj Encompassing, and His-azwj Power, He-azwj is the same, but He-azwj Mighty and Majestic Commanded His-azwj Guardians-asws and His-azwj servants with raising their hands towards the sky, around the Throne, because He-azwj Made it a Mine of the sustenance. Thus, we-asws prove what the Quran and the Hadeeth from Rasool-Allah-azwj have proved, where he-saww said: ‘Raise your hands to Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic’, and this (is something which) all of the sects of the community are united upon’’.[44]
4- ج، الإحتجاج عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: دَخَلَ ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ عَلَى الصَّادِقِ ع فَقَالَ لَهُ الصَّادِقُ يَا ابْنَ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ أَ مَصْنُوعٌ أَنْتَ أَمْ غَيْرُ مَصْنُوعٍ قَالَ لَسْتُ بِمَصْنُوعٍ
‘Al Ihtijaj’ – From Hisham Bin Al Hakam who said,
‘Ibn Abu Al-Awja came to Al-Sadiq-asws, and Al-Sadiq-asws said to him: ‘O Ibn Abu Al-Awja! Are you made or without a maker?’ He said, ‘I am not made’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ الصَّادِقُ ع فَلَوْ كُنْتَ مَصْنُوعاً كَيْفَ كُنْتَ تَكُونُ فَلَمْ يُحِرِ ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ جَوَاباً وَ قَامَ وَ خَرَجَ
Al-Sadiq-asws said to him: ‘Supposing you were made, how would you have happened to be?’ But, Ibn Abu Al-Awja would not muster an answer, and he arose and went out’’.[45]
5- ج، الإحتجاج دَخَلَ أَبُو شَاكِرٍ الدَّيَصَانِيُّ وَ هُوَ زِنْدِيقٌ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ دُلَّنِي عَلَى مَعْبُودِي فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ اجْلِسْ فَإِذَا غُلَامٌ صَغِيرٌ فِي كَفِّهِ بَيْضَةٌ يَلْعَبُ بِهَا فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع نَاوِلْنِي يَا غُلَامُ الْبَيْضَةَ فَنَاوَلَهُ إِيَّاهَا
Abu Shakir Al-Daysani came, and he was an atheist, to Abu Abdullah-asws, and said to him-asws, ‘O Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws! Point me to my Deity’ (Sustainer/Lord). Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Be seated’ – and there was a young boy playing with an egg in his hand, so Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘O boy! Give me-asws the egg. He gave it to him-asws.
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَا دَيَصَانِيُّ هَذَا حِصْنٌ مَكْنُونٌ لَهُ جِلْدٌ غَلِيظٌ وَ تَحْتَ الْجِلْدِ الْغَلِيظِ جِلْدٌ رَقِيقٌ وَ تَحْتَ الْجِلْدِ الرَّقِيقِ ذَهَبَةٌ مَائِعَةٌ وَ فِضَّةٌ ذَائِبَةٌ فَلَا الذَّهَبَةُ الْمَائِعَةُ تَخْتَلِطُ بِالْفِضَّةِ الذَّائِبَةِ وَ لَا الْفِضَّةُ الذَّائِبَةُ تَخْتَلِطُ بِالذَّهَبَةِ الْمَائِعَةِ فَهِيَ عَلَى حَالِهَا لَمْ يَخْرُجْ مِنْهَا خَارِجٌ مُصْلِحٌ فَيُخْبِرَ عَنْ إِصْلَاحِهَا وَ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ فِيهَا دَاخِلٌ مُفْسِدٌ فَيُخْبِرَ عَنْ إِفْسَادِهَا لَا يُدْرَى لِلذَّكَرِ خُلِقَتْ أَمْ لِلْأُنْثَى تَنْفَلِقُ عَنْ مِثْلِ أَلْوَانِ الطَّوَاوِيسِ أَ تَرَى لَهَا مُدَبِّراً
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘O Daysani! This (egg) is a hidden fortress. There is a thick (outer) skin for it, and underneath the thick skin is a thin skin, and beneath the thin skin is gold water and silver fluid. Neither does the gold water mix with the silver fluid, nor does the silver fluid mix with the gold water. It is upon its state. Neither does a repairer come out from it so he could inform of its correctness nor does a spoiler enter into it so he could inform about its spoiling. It is not known whether it is Created to be a male or a female (to come out after incubation). It could burst out like the colours of peacocks. Do you see that there is a Mastermind for it?’
قَالَ فَأَطْرَقَ مَلِيّاً ثُمَّ قَالَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ وَ أَنَّكَ إِمَامٌ وَ حُجَّةٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ وَ أَنَا تَائِبٌ مِمَّا كُنْتُ فِيهِ
He (the narrator) said, ‘He thought for a while, then said, ‘I testify that there is no god except for Allah-azwj, there being no associates for Him-azwj, and that Muhammad-saww is His-azwj servant and His-azwj Rasool-saww, and that you-asws an Imam-asws and a Divine Authority from Allah-azwj upon His-azwj creatures, and that I am repentant from what I was in’’.[46]
6- يد، التوحيد ابْنُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْخَفَّافِ عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ الدَّيَصَانِيَّ أَتَى بَابَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَاسْتَأْذَنَ عَلَيْهِ فَأَذِنَ لَهُ فَلَمَّا قَعَدَ قَالَ لَهُ يَا جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ دُلَّنِي عَلَى مَعْبُودِي
‘Al Tawheed’ – Ibn Al Mutawakkal, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Abu Is’haq Al Khafaf, from a number of our companions,
Abu Al-Daysani came to the door of Abu Abdullah-asws and sought permission to see him-asws. He-asws permitted for him. When he was seated, he said to him-asws, ‘O Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws! Point me upon my Deity’(Sustainer/Lord).
فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا اسْمُكَ فَخَرَجَ عَنْهُ وَ لَمْ يُخْبِرْهُ بِاسْمِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَصْحَابُهُ كَيْفَ لَمْ تُخْبِرْهُ بِاسْمِكَ
Abu Abdullah-asws said to him: ‘What is your name?’ But he went out from him-asws and did not inform him-asws of his name. His companions said to him, ‘How come you did not inform him-asws of your name?’
قَالَ لَوْ كُنْتُ قُلْتُ لَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ كَانَ يَقُولُ مَنْ هَذَا الَّذِي أَنْتَ لَهُ عَبْدٌ فَقَالُوا لَهُ عُدْ إِلَيْهِ فَقُلْ يَدُلُّكَ عَلَى مَعْبُودِكَ وَ لَا يَسْأَلُكَ عَنِ اسْمِكَ
He said, ‘If I had said to him-asws, ‘(It is) Abdullah’, he-asws would have said: ‘Who is this One you are a servant of?’ They said to him, ‘Return to him-asws, and say to him-asws to point you upon your Deity and not to ask about your name’.
فَرَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا جَعْفَرُ دُلَّنِي عَلَى مَعْبُودِي وَ لَا تَسْأَلْنِي عَنِ اسْمِي فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع اجْلِسْ وَ إِذَا غُلَامٌ صَغِيرٌ إِلَى آخِرِ الْخَبَرِ
He returned to him-asws and said to him-asws, ‘O Ja’far-asws! Point me upon my Deity, and do not ask me about my name’. Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Be seated’ – and there was a young boy – up to the end of the Hadeeth’’.[47]
7- ج، الإحتجاج عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ يُونُسَ قَالَ: كَانَ ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ مِنْ تَلَامِذَةِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ فَانْحَرَفَ عَنِ التَّوْحِيدِ فَقِيلَ لَهُ تَرَكْتَ مَذْهَبَ صَاحِبِكَ وَ دَخَلْتَ فِيمَا لَا أَصْلَ لَهُ وَ لَا حَقِيقَةَ
From Isa Bin Yunus, who said, ‘Ibn Abu Al-Awja was from the students of Al-Hassan Al-Basry, and he deviated from the Oneness (Tawheed). It was said to him, ‘You neglected the doctrine of your master, and entered into what there is no origin for it, nor any reality.
قَالَ إِنَّ صَاحِبِي كَانَ مِخْلَطاً يَقُولُ طَوْراً بِالْقَدَرِ وَ طَوْراً بِالْجَبْرِ فَمَا أَعْلَمُهُ اعْتَقَدَ مَذْهَباً دَامَ عَلَيْهِ
He said, ‘My master was muddled up and was speaking sometimes with the pre-destination, and sometimes with the compulsion, and I do not know him believing a doctrine he is constant upon’.
فَقَدِمَ مَكَّةَ تَمَرُّداً وَ إِنْكَاراً عَلَى مَنْ يَحُجُّ وَ كَانَ يَكْرَهُ الْعُلَمَاءُ مُجَالَسَتَهُ وَ مُسَاءَلَتَهُ لِخُبْثِ لِسَانِهِ وَ فَسَادِ ضَمِيرِهِ فَأَتَى أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَجَلَسَ إِلَيْهِ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ مِنْ نُظَرَائِهِ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ الْمَجَالِسَ بِالْأَمَانَاتِ وَ لَا بُدَّ لِكُلِّ مَنْ بِهِ سُعَالٌ أَنْ يَسْعُلَ أَ فَتَأْذَنُ لِي فِي الْكَلَامِ
And he went to Makkah in rebellion and denial of the ones who performed Hajj, and the scholars used to dislike sitting with him and his questioning due to his bad language and his corrupt conscience. He came over to Abu Abdullah-asws and sat with him-asws among a group of his like-minded people. He said, ‘O Abu Abdullah-asws! The gatherings are a safety, and it is inevitable for the one who needs to cough, so he coughs. Do you-asws permit me with regards to speaking?’
فَقَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع تَكَلَّمْ بِمَا شِئْتَ
Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘Speak with whatever you like to’.
فَقَالَ إِلَى كَمْ تَدُوسُونَ هَذَا الْبَيْدَرَ وَ تَلُوذُونَ بِهَذَا الْحَجَرِ وَ تَعْبُدُونَ هَذَا الْبَيْتَ الْمَرْفُوعَ بِالطُّوبِ وَ الْمَدَرِ وَ تُهَرْوِلُونَ حَوْلَهُ كَهَرْوَلَةِ الْبَعِيرِ إِذَا نَفَرَ إِنَّ مَنْ فَكَّرَ فِي هَذَا وَ قَدَّرَ عَلِمَ أَنَّ هَذَا فِعْلٌ أَسَّسَهُ غَيْرُ حَكِيمٍ وَ لَا ذِي نَظَرٍ فَقُلْ فَإِنَّكَ رَأْسُ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ وَ سَنَامُهُ وَ أَبُوكَ أُسُّهُ وَ نِظَامُهُ
He said, ‘For how long will you-asws be trampling this threshing surface, and seeking refuge with this (Black) Stone, and worshipping this House (Kabah), built with bricks and mud, and running around it with the running of the camels when they flee? The one who thinks about this and surveys, would know that this deed is unfounded, without wisdom, nor with consideration. Therefore, speak, for you-asws are a head of this matter and its peak, and your-asws father-saww founded it and organised it’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ مَنْ أَضَلَّهُ اللَّهُ وَ أَعْمَى قَلْبَهُ اسْتَوْخَمَ الْحَقَّ وَ لَمْ يَسْتَعْذِبْهُ وَ صَارَ الشَّيْطَانُ وَلِيَّهُ يُورِدُهُ مَنَاهِلَ الْهَلَكَةِ ثُمَّ لَا يُصْدِرُهُ
Abu Abdullah-asws said; ‘The one whom Allah-azwj Lets to stray and Blinds his heart is obscured from the Truth and does not seek refuge with it, and the Satan-la becomes his guardian, and his lord, and his pair, preparing his return to destruction, then he cannot come out of it.
وَ هَذَا بَيْتٌ اسْتَعْبَدَ اللَّهُ بِهِ عِبَادَهُ لِيَخْتَبِرَ طَاعَتَهُمْ فِي إِتْيَانِهِ فَحَثَّهُمْ عَلَى تَعْظِيمِهِ وَ زِيَارَتِهِ وَ جَعَلَهُ مَحَلَّ أَنْبِيَائِهِ وَ قِبْلَةً لِلْمُصَلِّينَ لَهُ
And this House, Allah-azwj is worshipped at by His-azwj creatures in order for their obedience to be Tested in their coming to it. They are urged upon its reverence, and its visitation, and He-azwj Made it as a place of His-azwj Prophets-as and a Qiblah (direction) for the Praying ones to it.
فَهُوَ شُعْبَةٌ مِنْ رِضْوَانِهِ وَ طَرِيقٌ يُؤَدِّي إِلَى غُفْرَانِهِ مَنْصُوبٌ عَلَى اسْتِوَاءِ الْكَمَالِ وَ مُجْتَمَعِ الْعَظَمَةِ وَ الْجَلَالِ خَلَقَهُ اللَّهُ قَبْلَ دَحْوِ الْأَرْضِ بِأَلْفَيْ عَامٍ فَأَحَقُّ مَنْ أُطِيعَ فِيمَا أَمَرَ وَ انْتُهِيَ عَمَّا نَهَى عَنْهُ وَ زَجَرَ اللَّهُ الْمُنْشِئُ لِلْأَرْوَاحِ وَ الصُّوَرِ
Thus, it is a branch from attaining His-azwj Pleasure, and a road to get to His-azwj Forgiveness. It is established upon the balance of perfection, and is a summary of the Magnificence and the Majesty. Allah-azwj Created it before the spread of the land, by two thousand years. Thus, He-azwj is the most rightful of being obeyed regarding whatever He-azwj Commands, and refrained from whatever He-azwj Forbids from and Enjoins. Allah-azwj is the Originator of the souls and the images’.
فَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ ذَكَرْتَ اللَّهَ فَأَحَلْتَ عَلَى غَائِبٍ
Ibn Abu Al-Awja said, ‘You-asws mentioned Allah-azwj, so you-asws referred to an absentee’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَيْلَكَ كَيْفَ يَكُونُ غَائِباً مَنْ هُوَ مَعَ خَلْقِهِ شَاهِدٌ وَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَقْرَبُ مِنْ حَبْلِ الْوَرِيدِ يَسْمَعُ كَلَامَهُمْ وَ يَرَى أَشْخَاصَهُمْ وَ يَعْلَمُ أَسْرَارَهُمْ
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Woe be unto you-asws! How can He-azwj happen to be absent, the One-azwj Who is with His-azwj creatures as a Witness, and is closer to them than the jugular vein? He-azwj Hears their speech and Sees their persons, and Knows their secrets?’
فَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ فَهُوَ فِي كُلِّ مَكَانٍ أَ لَيْسَ إِذَا كَانَ فِي السَّمَاءِ كَيْفَ يَكُونُ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَ إِذَا كَانَ فِي الْأَرْضِ كَيْفَ يَكُونُ فِي السَّمَاءِ
Ibn Abu Al-Awja’a said, ‘He-azwj in every place? Is it not so that if He-azwj was in the sky, how could He-azwj happen to be on the earth, and when He-azwj was in the earth, how could He-azwj happen to be in the sky?’
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّمَا وَصَفْتَ الْمَخْلُوقَ الَّذِي إِذَا انْتَقَلَ مِنْ مَكَانٍ اشْتَغَلَ بِهِ مَكَانٌ وَ خَلَا مِنْهُ مَكَانٌ فَلَا يَدْرِي فِي الْمَكَانِ الَّذِي صَارَ إِلَيْهِ مَا حَدَثَ فِي الْمَكَانِ الَّذِي كَانَ فِيهِ فَأَمَّا اللَّهُ الْعَظِيمُ الشَّأْنِ الْمَلِكُ الدَّيَّانُ فَلَا يَخْلُو مِنْهُ مَكَانٌ وَ لَا يَشْتَغِلُ بِهِ مَكَانٌ وَ لَا يَكُونُ إِلَى مَكَانٍ أَقْرَبَ مِنْهُ إِلَى مَكَانٍ
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘But rather, you are describing the created being who, when he transfers from a place, a place is occupied by him and a space is empty from him, so he does not know (when he) is in the place in which he came to be in, what occurs in the place which he was in. But, as for Allah-azwj, the Magnificent of Glory, the King, the Judge, neither is a place empty from Him-azwj nor is a space occupied by Him-azwj, nor does He-azwj happen to be nearer to a place than to a (another) place’’.[48]
8- يد، التوحيد الدَّقَّاقُ عَنْ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ الْعَلَوِيِّ عَنِ الْبَرْمَكِيِّ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ يُونُسَ مِثْلَهُ وَ زَادَ فِي آخِرِهِ وَ الَّذِي بَعَثَهُ بِالْآيَاتِ الْمُحْكَمَةِ وَ الْبَرَاهِينِ الْوَاضِحَةِ وَ أَيَّدَهُ بِنَصْرِهِ وَ اخْتَارَهُ لِتَبْلِيغِ رِسَالَتِهِ صَدَّقْنَا قَوْلَهُ بِأَنَّ رَبَّهُ بَعَثَهُ وَ كَلَّمَهُ
Al Daqaq, from Hamza Bin Al Qasim Al Alawy, from Al Barmakky, from Dawood Bin Abdullah, form Amro Bin Muhammad, from Isa Bin Yunus – similar to it, and there is an increase at the end of it:
‘(He-asws said): ‘By the One-azwj Who Sent him-saww with the Decisive Verses, and the clear proofs, and Supported him-saww with His-azwj Help, and Chose him-saww for the delivery of His-azwj Message. We-asws ratify his-saww words that his-saww Lord-azwj Sent him-asws, and Spoke to him-saww’.
فَقَامَ عَنْهُ ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ وَ قَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ مَنْ أَلْقَانِي فِي بَحْرِ هَذَا
Ibn Abu Al-Awja stood up and said to his companions, ‘Who pushed me into this sea?’’
وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ مَنْ أَلْقَانِي فِي بَحْرِ هَذَا سَأَلْتُكُمْ أَنْ تَلْتَمِسُوا لِي خُمْرَةً فَأَلْقَيْتُمُونِي عَلَى جَمْرَةٍ قَالُوا مَا كُنْتَ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ إِلَّا حَقِيراً قَالَ إِنَّهُ ابْنُ مَنْ حَلَقَ رُءُوسَ مَنْ تَرَوْنَ
And in the narration of Ibn Al Waleed: ‘One who has thrown me into this sea, I asked you to seek for me a small mat, but you cast me upon a burning ember!’ They said, ‘You were nothing but insignificant in his gathering’. He replied, ‘He-asws is the son-asws of the one-asws who shaved the heads of those you see!’ [49]
9- ج، الإحتجاج وَ رُوِيَ أَنَّ الصَّادِقَ ع قَالَ لِابْنِ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ إِنْ يَكُنِ الْأَمْرُ كَمَا تَقُولُ وَ لَيْسَ كَمَا تَقُولُ نَجَوْنَا وَ نَجَوْتَ وَ إِنْ يَكُنِ الْأَمْرُ كَمَا نَقُولُ نَجَوْنَا وَ هَلَكْتَ
‘Al Ihtijaj’ – And it is reported that Al-Sadiq-asws said to Ibn Abu Al-Awja: ‘If the matter (Existence of God) happens to be just as you are saying it (if there happens to be no God in the Hereafter), and it isn’t as you are saying it, we-asws are saved and you are saved, and if the matter happens to be just as we-asws are saying (that God exists), we-asws are saved, but you are destroyed’’.[50]
10- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام م، تفسير الإمام عليه السلام ج، الإحتجاج وَ بِالْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي تَفْسِيرِ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ فِراشاً الْآيَةَ جَعَلَهَا مُلَائِمَةً لِطَبَائِعِكُمْ مُوَافِقَةً لِأَجْسَادِكُمْ لَمْ يَجْعَلْهَا شَدِيدَةَ الْحَمْيِ وَ الْحَرَارَةِ فَتُحْرِقَكُمْ وَ لَا شَدِيدَةَ الْبُرُودَةِ فَتُجْمِدَكُمْ وَ لَا شَدِيدَةَ طِيبِ الرِّيحِ فَتُصَدَّعَ هَامَاتُكُمْ وَ لَا شَدِيدَةَ النَّتْنِ فَتُعْطِبَكُمْ وَ لَا شَدِيدَةَ اللِّينِ كَالْمَاءِ فَتُغْرِقَكُمْ وَ لَا شَدِيدَةَ الصَّلَابَةِ فَتَمْتَنِعَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي حَرْثِكُمْ وَ أَبْنِيَتِكُمْ وَ دَفْنِ مَوْتَاكُمْ
‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’, ‘Tafseer of the Imam (Hassan Al-Askari-asws), ‘Al Ihtijaj’, and by the chain,
‘From Abu Muhammad-asws having said in (his-asws) Tafseer regarding the Words of the Exalted: Who Made the earth a resting place for you and the sky a canopy [2:22] – the Verse: ‘Made it compatible with your nature and appropriate for your bodies, not Making it at extreme temperatures and heat so it would incinerate you, nor extremely cold so it would freeze you, nor of extremely aromatic smell so it would pain your heads, nor extremely septic so it would disintegrate you, nor extremely fluid like the water so it would drown you, nor extremely solid so it would prevent you in your farming and your building and burying your dead.
وَ لَكِنَّهُ جَعَلَ فِيهَا مِنَ الْمَتَانَةِ مَا تَنْتَفِعُونَ بِهِ وَ تَتَمَاسَكُونَ وَ تَتَمَاسَكُ عَلَيْهَا أَبْدَانُكُمْ وَ جَعَلَ فِيهَا مِنَ اللِّينِ مَا تَنْقَادُ بِهِ لِحَرْثِكُمْ وَ قُبُورِكُمْ وَ كَثِيرٍ مِنْ مَنَافِعِكُمْ فَلِذَلِكَ جَعَلَ الْأَرْضَ فِرَاشاً لَكُمْ
But, the Mighty and Majestic Made therein from the durable materials what you would be benefitting with and what your bodies and buildings would be coherent upon, and Made therein from what is compatible for your farming and your graves, and many of your benefits. Thus, due to that, He-azwj Made the earth a resting place for you [2:22].
ثُمَّ قَالَ وَ السَّماءَ بِناءً يَعْنِي سَقْفاً مِنْ فَوْقِكُمْ مَحْفُوظاً يُدَبِّرُ فِيهَا شَمْسَهَا وَ قَمَرَهَا وَ نُجُومَهَا لِمَنَافِعِكُمْ
Then the Mighty and Majestic Said and the sky a canopy – a ceiling from above as a protection orbiting its sun and its moon and its stars for your benefits.
ثُمَّ قَالَ وَ أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً يَعْنِي الْمَطَرَ يُنْزِلُهُ مِنْ عَلًا لِيَبْلُغَ قُلَلَ جِبَالِكُمْ وَ تِلَالَكُمْ وَ هِضَابَكُمْ وَ أَوْهَادَكُمْ ثُمَّ فَرَّقَهُ رَذَاذاً وَ وَابِلًا وَ هَطْلًا وَ طَلًّا لِتَنْشَفَهُ أَرْضُكُمْ وَ لَمْ يَجْعَلْ ذَلِكَ الْمَطَرَ نَازِلًا عَلَيْكُمْ قِطْعَةً وَاحِدَةً فَتَفْسُدَ أَرْضُكُمْ وَ أَشْجَارُكُمْ وَ زُرُوعُكُمْ وَ ثِمَارُكُمْ
Then the Mighty and Majestic Said and (Who) Sends down water from the sky – Meaning the rain, Sending it down from high to reach the peak of your mountains and your hills, and your plateaus, and low grounds. It is distributed as drizzle, and a barrage, follow-up downpour, light (one-off) shower, in order to moisturise your lands, and did not Make that rain to descend upon you all in one go, so it would spoil your lands, and your trees, and your plantations, and your fruits.
ثُمَّ قَالَ فَأَخْرَجَ بِهِ مِنَ الثَّمَراتِ رِزْقاً لَكُمْ يَعْنِي مِمَّا يُخْرِجُهُ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ رِزْقاً لَكُمْ فَلا تَجْعَلُوا لِلَّهِ أَنْداداً أَيْ أَشْبَاهاً وَ أَمْثَالًا مِنَ الْأَصْنَامِ الَّتِي لَا تَعْقِلُ وَ لَا تَسْمَعُ وَ لَا تُبْصِرُ وَ لَا تَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ وَ أَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهَا لَا تَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ النِّعَمِ الْجَلِيلَةِ الَّتِي أَنْعَمَهَا عَلَيْكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ
Then the Mighty and Majestic Said then brings forth the fruits by it as a sustenance for you – Meaning from what comes out from the ground as a sustenance for you all therefore do not set up rivals to Allah, i.e. resemblances and examples from the idols which neither have intellect, nor hear, nor see, nor are these able upon anything while you are knowing, that these are not able upon anything from these majestic Bounties which your Lord-azwj has Favoured upon you all’’.[51]
11- يد، التوحيد لي، الأمالي للصدوق ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام الْعَطَّارُ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُوسَى الرِّضَا ع أَنَّهُ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ مَا الدَّلِيلُ عَلَى حُدُوثِ الْعَالَمِ
Al Attar, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Hashim, from Ali Bin Ma’bad, from Al Husayn Bin Khalid,
‘From Abu Al-Hassan Ali-asws Bin Musa Al-Reza-asws, a man having had come to him-asws, and said to him-asws, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! What is the evidence upon the occurrence of the universe?’
فَقَالَ أَنْتَ لَمْ تَكُنْ ثُمَّ كُنْتَ وَ قَدْ عَلِمْتَ أَنَّكَ لَمْ تُكَوِّنْ نَفْسَكَ وَ لَا كَوَّنَكَ مَنْ هُوَ مِثْلُكَ
He-asws said: ‘You did not exist, then you were, and you have known that you did not come into existence by yourself, nor is your existence from the one who is like you’’.[52]
– 12- يد، التوحيد ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ عَنْ عَمِّهِ أَبِي سَمِينَةَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْكُوفِيِّ الصَّيْرَفِيِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ خَادِمِ الرِّضَا ع قَالَ: دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الزَّنَادِقَةِ عَلَى الرِّضَا ع وَ عِنْدَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَانَ الْقَوْلُ قَوْلَكُمْ وَ لَيْسَ هُوَ كَمَا تَقُولُونَ أَ لَسْنَا وَ إِيَّاكُمْ شَرَعاً سَوَاءً وَ لَا يَضُرُّنَا مَا صَلَّيْنَا وَ صُمْنَا وَ زَكَّيْنَا وَ أَقْرَرْنَا فَسَكَتَ
‘Al Tawheed’, ‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’ – Majaylawiya, from his uncle, from Abu Sameena Muhammad Bin Ali Al Kufi Al Sayrafi,
‘From Muhammad Bin Abdullah Al-Khurasany, a servant of Al-Reza-asws who said, ‘A man from the atheists came to Al-Reza-asws and in his-asws presence was a group, so Abu Al-Hassan-asws said to him: ‘What is your view, if the word was your word (that there is no God) – and it isn’t as what you are saying – wouldn’t we and you (atheists) be rightfully the same, and it would not harm us, what we are praying, and are Fasting, and are giving Zakat, and our acknowledgement (of existence of God)?’ He was silent.
فَقَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع إِنْ يَكُنْ الْقَوْلُ قَوْلَنَا وَ هُوَ كَمَا نَقُولُ أَ لَسْتُمْ قَدْ هَلَكْتُمْ وَ نَجَوْنَا
Abu Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘If the word happens to be our-asws word (that God does exist) – and it is what we-asws are saying – wouldn’t you be destroyed and we-asws would be saved?’
قَالَ رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ فَأَوْجِدْنِي كَيْفَ هُوَ وَ أَيْنَ هُوَ
He said, ‘May Allah-azwj have Mercy on you-asws! Summarise for me how He-azwj is and where is He-azwj?’
قَالَ وَيْلَكَ إِنَّ الَّذِي ذَهَبْتَ إِلَيْهِ غَلَطٌ هُوَ أَيَّنَ الْأَيْنَ وَ كَانَ وَ لَا أَيْنَ وَ هُوَ كَيَّفَ الْكَيْفَ وَ كَانَ وَ لَا كَيْفَ فَلَا يُعْرَفُ بِكَيْفُوفِيَّةٍ وَ لَا بِأَيْنُونِيَّةٍ وَ لَا بِحَاسَّةٍ وَ لَا يُقَاسُ بِشَيْءٍ
He-asws said: ‘Woe be unto you! That which you are going towards, is wrong. He-azwj is the ‘where’ of the where-ness, and He-azwj existed, and there was no ‘where’, and He-azwj is ‘how’ of the ‘how-ness’, and He-azwj existed, and there was no ‘how’. Therefore, He-azwj cannot be recognised by the how-ness (qualitative state) nor by the where-ness, nor by the feelings, nor can He-azwj be analogised with anything’.
قَالَ الرَّجُلُ فَإِذَنْ إِنَّهُ لَا شَيْءَ إِذَا لَمْ يُدْرَكْ بِحَاسَّةٍ مِنَ الْحَوَاسِّ
The man said, ‘Then He-azwj is nothing, when He-azwj cannot be felt from the sensory perceptions’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع وَيْلَكَ لَمَّا عَجَزَتْ حَوَاسُّكَ عَنْ إِدْرَاكِهِ أَنْكَرْتَ رُبُوبِيَّتَهُ وَ نَحْنُ إِذَا عَجَزَتْ حَوَاسُّنَا عَنْ إِدْرَاكِهِ أَيْقَنَّا أَنَّهُ رَبُّنَا وَ أَنَّهُ شَيْءٌ بِخِلَافِ الْأَشْيَاءِ
Abu Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘Woe be unto you! When your sensory perceptions are unable of realising Him-azwj (so) you are denying His-azwj Lordship, and us-asws, when our-asws sensory perception are frustrated from realising Him-azwj, we-asws are convinced that He-azwj is our-asws Lord-azwj, and He-azwj something different to the things’.
قَالَ الرَّجُلُ فَأَخْبِرْنِي مَتَى كَانَ
The man said, ‘Inform me, when did He-azwj come into existence?’
قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع أَخْبِرْنِي مَتَى لَمْ يَكُنْ فَأُخْبِرَكَ مَتَى كَانَ
Abu Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘Inform me-asws when He-azwj did not exist, and I-asws will inform you when He-saww came into being’.
قَالَ الرَّجُلُ فَمَا الدَّلِيلُ عَلَيْهِ
The man said, ‘So what is the evidence upon Him-azwj?’
قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع إِنِّي لَمَّا نَظَرْتُ إِلَى جَسَدِي فَلَمْ يُمْكِنِّي فِيهِ زِيَادَةٌ وَ لَا نُقْصَانٌ فِي الْعَرْضِ وَ الطُّولِ وَ دَفْعُ الْمَكَارِهِ عَنْهُ وَ جَرُّ الْمَنْفَعَةِ إِلَيْهِ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ لِهَذَا الْبُنْيَانِ بَانِياً فَأَقْرَرْتُ بِهِ مَعَ مَا أَرَى مِنْ دَوَرَانِ الْفَلَكِ بِقُدْرَتِهِ وَ إِنْشَاءِ السَّحَابِ وَ تَصْرِيفِ الرِّيَاحِ وَ مَجْرَى الشَّمْسِ وَ الْقَمَرِ وَ النُّجُومِ وَ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ الْعَجِيبَاتِ الْمُتْقَنَاتِ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ لِهَذَا مُقَدِّراً وَ مُنْشِئاً
Abu Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘I-asws, when I-asws look at my-asws body, and I-asws am unable upon increasing it nor reducing it regarding the width and the height, and repelling the abhorrence from it, and flow the benefits to it, I-asws know that for this built up body, there is a Builder, so I-asws acknowledge with it, along with what I-asws from the circling of the planets by His-azwj Determination, and the growth of the clouds, and the dispersal of the winds, and the flowing of the sun, and the moon, and the stars, and other than that from the wondrous signs, the Crafted, I-asws know that for these there is a Determiner, and a Grower’.
قَالَ الرَّجُلُ فَلِمَ احْتَجَبَ
The man said, ‘Why did He-azwj Veil Himself-azwj?’
فَقَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع إِنَّ الْحِجَابَ عَلَى الْخَلْقِ لِكَثْرَةِ ذُنُوبِهِمْ فَأَمَّا هُوَ فَلَا تَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ خَافِيَةٌ فِي آنَاءِ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ
Abu Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘The veils are upon the creatures due to the frequency of their sins. But, as far as He-azwj is concerned, nothing is hidden from Him-azwj in the duration of the night and the day’.
قَالَ فَلِمَ لَا تُدْرِكُهُ حَاسَّةُ الْبَصَرِ
He said, ‘Why can’t the sense of sight realise Him-azwj?’
قَالَ لِلْفَرْقِ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ خَلْقِهِ الَّذِينَ تُدْرِكُهُمْ حَاسَّةُ الْأَبْصَارِ مِنْهُمْ وَ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ ثُمَّ هُوَ أَجَلُّ مِنْ أَنْ يُدْرِكَهُ بَصَرٌ أَوْ يُحِيطَ بِهِ وَهْمٌ أَوْ يَضْبِطَهُ عَقْلٌ
He-asws said: ‘For the differentiation between Him-azwj and His-azwj creatures, those whom the sense of sight can realise differentiating them and the from the others. Then, He-azwj is more Majestic than to be realised by a sight, or be encompassed by imagination, or be grasped by intellect’.
قَالَ فَحُدَّهُ لِي فَقَالَ لَا حَدَّ لَهُ
He said, ‘Limit Him-azwj for me’. He-asws said: ‘There are no limitations for Him-azwj’.
قَالَ وَ لِمَ قَالَ لِأَنَّ كُلَّ مَحْدُودٍ مُتَنَاهٍ إِلَى حَدٍّ وَ إِذَا احْتَمَلَ التَّحْدِيدَ احْتَمَلَ الزِّيَادَةَ وَ إِذَا احْتَمَلَ الزِّيَادَةَ احْتَمَلَ النُّقْصَانَ فَهُوَ غَيْرُ مَحْدُودٍ وَ لَا مُتَزَايِدٍ وَ لَا مُتَنَاقِصٍ وَ لَا مُتَجَزِّئٍ وَ لَا مُتَوَهَّمٍ
He said, ‘And why?’ He-asws said: ‘Because every limited, its extreme is up to its limit, and when the limitations are borne, the increase would be borne, and when the increase is borne, the reduction would be borne. Thus, He-azwj is without limitation, neither being increased nor reduced, nor divisible, nor imagined’.
قَالَ الرَّجُلُ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِكُمْ إِنَّهُ لَطِيفٌ وَ سَمِيعٌ وَ بَصِيرٌ وَ عَلِيمٌ وَ حَكِيمٌ أَ يَكُونُ السَّمِيعُ إِلَّا بِالْأُذُنِ وَ الْبَصِيرُ إِلَّا بِالْعَيْنِ وَ اللَّطِيفُ إِلَّا بِعَمَلِ الْيَدَيْنِ وَ الْحَكِيمُ إِلَّا بِالصَّنْعَةِ
The man said, ‘Inform me about your-asws words that He-azwj is Aware of subtleties, and Hears, and Sees, and Knows, and is Wise. Can the hearing be except with the ears, and the seeing except with the eyes, and the subtleties except with the work of the hands, and the Wise except with the making?’
فَقَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع إِنَّ اللَّطِيفَ مِنَّا عَلَى حَدِّ اتِّخَاذِ الصَّنْعَةِ أَ وَ مَا رَأَيْتَ الرَّجُلَ يَتَّخِذُ شَيْئاً فَيَلْطُفُ فِي اتِّخَاذِهِ فَيُقَالُ مَا أَلْطَفَ فُلَاناً فَكَيْفَ لَا يُقَالُ لِلْخَالِقِ الْجَلِيلِ لَطِيفٌ إِذْ خَلَقَ خَلْقاً لَطِيفاً وَ جَلِيلًا وَ رَكَّبَ فِي الْحَيَوَانِ مِنْهُ أَرْوَاحَهَا وَ خَلَقَ كُلَّ جِنْسٍ مُتَبَايِناً مِنْ جِنْسِهِ فِي الصُّورَةِ وَ لَا يُشْبِهُ بَعْضُهُ بَعْضاً فَكُلٌّ لَهُ لُطْفٌ مِنَ الْخَالِقِ اللَّطِيفِ الْخَبِيرِ فِي تَرْكِيبِ صُورَتِهِ
Abu Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘The subtle one from us is upon a limit of taking the workmanship, or did you not see the man taking something, so he is subtle in his taking, and it is said, ‘How subtle is so and so!’ So, how can it not be said to the Majestic Creator, ‘He-azwj is Subtle when He-azwj Creates a creature, Subtle and Majestic, and He-azwj Installs in the animals from it, its soul, and Created all species, filled from its genus in the image and they do not resemble each other? All of it is subtle from the Subtle Creator in the composition of its image.
ثُمَّ نَظَرْنَا إِلَى الْأَشْجَارِ وَ حَمْلِهَا أَطَايِبَهَا الْمَأْكُولَةَ مِنْهَا وَ غَيْرَ الْمَأْكُولَةِ فَقُلْنَا عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ إِنَّ خَالِقَنَا لَطِيفٌ لَا كَلُطْفِ خَلْقِهِ فِي صَنْعَتِهِمْ وَ قُلْنَا إِنَّهُ سَمِيعٌ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ أَصْوَاتُ خَلْقِهِ مَا بَيْنَ الْعَرْشِ إِلَى الثَّرَى مِنَ الذَّرَّةِ إِلَى أَكْبَرَ مِنْهَا فِي بَرِّهَا وَ بَحْرِهَا وَ لَا تَشْتَبِهُ عَلَيْهِ لُغَاتُهَا
Then we look at the trees and its carrying its goodness, the consumable from these and non-consumables. We-asws said during that, that our-asws Creator is Subtle, not like the subtleness of His-azwj creation in their making, and we-asws said that He-azwj is Hearing, because He-azwj is such that no sounds of His-azwj creatures are hidden from Him-azwj, from what is between the Throne to the ground, from the particle to the thing greater than it, in its land and its sea, and their languages are not confusing upon Him-azwj.
فَقُلْنَا عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ إِنَّهُ سَمِيعٌ لَا بِأُذُنٍ وَ قُلْنَا إِنَّهُ بَصِيرٌ لَا بِبَصَرٍ لِأَنَّهُ يَرَى أَثَرَ الذَّرَّةِ السَّحْمَاءِ فِي اللَّيْلَةِ الظَّلْمَاءِ عَلَى الصَّخْرَةِ السَّوْدَاءِ وَ يَرَى دَبِيبَ النَّمْلِ فِي اللَّيْلَةِ الدُّجُنَّةِ وَ يَرَى مَضَارَّهَا وَ مَنَافِعَهَا وَ أَثَرَ سِفَادِهَا وَ فِرَاخَهَا وَ نَسْلَهَا فَقُلْنَا عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ إِنَّهُ بَصِيرٌ لَا كَبَصَرِ خَلْقِهِ
We-asws say at that, that He-azwj is Hearing, not by ears, and we say that He-azwj is Seeing, not by eyes, because He-azwj sees the impacts of the small particle in the darkness of the night upon a black rock, and He-azwj Sees the walking of the ant in the dark night, and He-azwj Observes its harms and its benefits, and impacts of its procreation, and its young ones, and its offspring. So, we-asws say that He-azwj is Seeing not like the seeing of His-azwj creatures’.
قَالَ فَمَا بَرِحَ حَتَّى أَسْلَمَ وَ فِيهِ كَلَامٌ غَيْرُ هَذَا
He (the narrator) said, ‘He did not depart until he had become a Muslim’’.[53]
13- لي، الأمالي للصدوق أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: دَخَلَ أَبُو شَاكِرٍ الدَّيَصَانِيُّ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّادِقِ ع فَقَالَ لَهُ إِنَّكَ أَحَدُ النُّجُومِ الزَّوَاهِرِ وَ كَانَ آبَاؤُكَ بُدُوراً بَوَاهِرَ وَ أُمَّهَاتُكَ عَقِيلَاتٍ عَبَاهِرَ وَ عُنْصُرُكَ مِنْ أَكْرَمِ الْعَنَاصِرِ وَ إِذَا ذُكِرَ الْعُلَمَاءُ فَبِكَ تُثْنَى الْخَنَاصِرُ فَخَبِّرْنِي أَيُّهَا الْبَحْرُ الْخِضَمُّ الزَّاخِرُ مَا الدَّلِيلُ عَلَى حُدُوثِ الْعَالَمِ
‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – Ahmad Bin Ali Bin Ibrahim Bin Hashim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Al Hakam who said,
‘Abu Shakir Al-Daysani came to Abu Abdullah Al-Sadiq-asws and he said to him-asws (in prose), ‘You-asws are one of the shining stars, your-asws fathers-asws were dazzling moons, and your-asws mothers-as were of exquisite intelligence, and your-asws roots are from the most honourable of the roots, and when the scholars are mentioned, it is by you-asws they are praised. So, inform me, O, ocean of treasures! What is the evidence upon the occurrence of the universe?’
فَقَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع يُسْتَدَلُّ عَلَيْهِ بِأَقْرَبِ الْأَشْيَاءِ قَالَ وَ مَا هُوَ
Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘The nearest of the things evidence upon Him-azwj’. He said, ‘And what is it?’
قَالَ فَدَعَا الصَّادِقُ ع بِبَيْضَةٍ فَوَضَعَهَا عَلَى رَاحَتِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ هَذَا حِصْنٌ مَلْمُومٌ دَاخِلُهُ غِرْقِئٌ رَقِيقٌ تُطِيفُ بِهِ فِضَّةٌ سَائِلَةٌ وَ ذَهَبَةٌ مَائِعَةٌ ثُمَّ تَنْفَلِقُ عَنْ مِثْلِ الطَّاوُسِ أَ دَخَلَهَا شَيْءٌ
He (the narrator) said, ‘Al-Sadiq-asws called for an egg and placed it upon his-asws palm, then said: ‘This is a collective fortress. Inside it is a thin droplet, covered by liquid silver and fluid gold. Then it breaks down like the peacock. Can anything enter it?’
قَالَ لَا
He said, ‘No’.
قَالَ فَهَذَا الدَّلِيلُ عَلَى حُدُوثِ الْعَالَمِ
He-asws said: ‘So this is the evidence upon the occurrence of the universe’.
قَالَ أَخْبَرْتَ فَأَوْجَزْتَ وَ قُلْتَ فَأَحْسَنْتَ وَ قَدْ عَلِمْتَ أَنَّا لَا نَقْبَلُ إِلَّا مَا أَدْرَكْنَاهُ بِأَبْصَارِنَا أَوْ سَمِعْنَاهُ بِآذَانِنَا أَوْ لَمَسْنَاهُ بِأَكُفِّنَا أَوْ شَمِمْنَاهُ بِمَنَاخِرِنَا أَوْ ذُقْنَاهُ بِأَفْوَاهِنَا أَوْ تُصُوِّرَ فِي الْقُلُوبِ بَيَاناً وَ اسْتَنْبَطَتْهُ الرِّوَايَاتُ إِيقَاناً
He said, ‘I have been informed, and it has been summarised, and you-asws have said it well, and I have known that we cannot accept except what we realise by our sights, and we hear by our ears, and we touch by hour palms, or we smell with our nostrils, or we taste with our mouths, or an explanation of an imagination in the hearts and we extract it as convincing reports’.
فَقَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع ذَكَرْتَ الْحَوَاسَّ الْخَمْسَ وَ هِيَ لَا تَنْفَعُ شَيْئاً بِغَيْرِ دَلِيلٍ كَمَا لَا تُقْطَعُ الظُّلْمَةُ بِغَيْرِ مِصْبَاحٍ
Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘You mentioned the five sensory perceptions, and these do not benefit anything without evidence, just as you cannot cut through the darkness without a lamp’’.[54]
14- م، تفسير الإمام عليه السلام ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ الْمُفَسِّرُ عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَيَّارٍ عَنْ أَبَوَيْهِمَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ الرِّضَا عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع قَالَ
‘Tafseer of the Imam (Hassan Al-Askari-asws), ‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’ – Muhammad Bin Al Qasim Al Mufassir, from Yusuf Bin Muhammad Bin Ziyad, and Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Sayar, from their two fathers,
‘From Al-Hassan-asws Bin Ali-asws, from his-asws father Ali-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, from his-asws father Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws, from his-asws father Al-Reza Ali-asws Bin Musa-asws, from his-asws father Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws, from his-asws father Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, from his-asws father Muhammad-asws Ibn Ali-asws, from his-asws father Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws, from his-asws father Al-Husayn-asws Bin Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws having said:
قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ لَكُمْ ما فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعاً ثُمَّ اسْتَوى إِلَى السَّماءِ فَسَوَّاهُنَّ سَبْعَ سَماواتٍ وَ هُوَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ
‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: He is the (One) Who Created for you the entirety of what is in the earth, then He Directed towards the sky, so He Created these as seven skies, and He is a Knower of all things [2:29]:
قَالَ هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ لَكُمْ ما فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعاً لِتَعْتَبِرُوا بِهِ وَ تَتَوَصَّلُوا بِهِ إِلَى رِضْوَانِهِ وَ تَتَوَقَّوْا بِهِ مِنْ عَذَابِ نِيرَانِهِ ثُمَّ اسْتَوى إِلَى السَّماءِ أَخَذَ فِي خَلْقِهَا وَ إِتْقَانِهَا فَسَوَّاهُنَّ سَبْعَ سَماواتٍ وَ هُوَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ وَ لِعِلْمِهِ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِمَ الْمَصَالِحَ فَخَلَقَ لَكُمْ كُلَّ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ لِمَصَالِحِكُمْ يَا بَنِي آدَمَ
He-asws said: ‘He-azwj is the One-azwj Who Created for you what is in the whole earth for you to take a lesson with it, and for you to arrive to His-azwj Pleasure, and to crave with Him-azwj to be saved from the Punishment of His-azwj Fires. Then He-azwj Directed towards the sky Taking in its creation and its mastery. He-azwj Made these as seven skies, and He-azwj is a Knower of all things, knowledge of what is correct for these, so He-azwj Created for you all, everything what is in the earth for your interests, O children of Adam-as!’’[55]
15- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام الطَّالَقَانِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عُقْدَةَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ لِمَ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الْخَلْقَ عَلَى أَنْوَاعٍ شَتَّى وَ لَمْ يَخْلُقْهُمْ نَوْعاً وَاحِداً
‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’ – Al Talaqany, from Ibn Aqda, from Bin Al Hassan Bin Fazaal, from his father,
‘From Abu Al-Hassan Al-Reza-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘Why did Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Create the people upon various types, and not Created them upon one type?’
فَقَالَ لِئَلَّا يَقَعَ فِي الْأَوْهَامِ أَنَّهُ عَاجِزٌ فَلَا تَقَعُ صُورَةٌ فِي وَهْمِ مُلْحِدٍ إِلَّا وَ قَدْ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَيْهَا خَلْقاً وَ لَا يَقُولَ قَائِلٌ هَلْ يَقْدِرُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى أَنْ يَخْلُقَ عَلَى صُورَةِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا إِلَّا وَجَدَ ذَلِكَ فِي خَلْقِهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى فَيَعْلَمُ بِالنَّظَرِ إِلَى أَنْوَاعِ خَلْقِهِ أَنَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
He-asws said: ‘Lest it may occur in the imaginations that He-azwj is frustrated, therefore there does not occur an image in the imagination of an atheist, and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has already Created a creature, and a speak cannot be saying, ‘If Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic was able upon creating such and such an image’, except that he finds that in His-azwj in the Creation of the Blessed and Exalted. Thus, he would know with the looking at the variety of His-azwj creatures, He-azwj is Able upon all things’’.[56]
16- م، تفسير الإمام عليه السلام مع، معاني الأخبار مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ الْمُفَسِّرُ عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَيَّارٍ وَ كَانَا مِنَ الشِّيعَةِ الْإِمَامِيَّةِ عَنْ أَبَوَيْهِمَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ هُوَ الَّذِي يَتَأَلَّهُ إِلَيْهِ عِنْدَ الْحَوَائِجِ وَ الشَّدَائِدِ كُلُّ مَخْلُوقٍ عِنْدَ انْقِطَاعِ الرَّجَاءِ مِنْ كُلِّ مَنْ دُونَهُ وَ تَقَطُّعِ الْأَسْبَابِ مِنْ جَمِيعِ مَنْ سِوَاهُ تَقُولُ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ أَيْ أَسْتَعِينُ عَلَى أُمُورِي كُلِّهَا بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا تَحِقُّ الْعِبَادَةُ إِلَّا لَهُ الْمُغِيثُ إِذَا اسْتُغِيثَ وَ الْمُجِيبُ إِذَا دُعِيَ
‘Tafseer of the Imam (Hassan Al-Askari-asws) – Muhammad Bin Al Qasim Al Mufassir, from Yusuf Bin Muhammad Bin Ziyad, and Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Sayyar – and they were both from the Imamite Shias – from their fathers,
‘From Al-Hassan-asws Bin Ali-asws Bin Muhammad-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: In the Name of Allah the Beneficent, the Merciful [1:1]. He-asws said: ‘‘He-azwj is Allah-azwj to Whom it is resorted to during the need and difficulties by every creature, during the cutting-off of hopes from everyone who is besides Him-azwj, and the reasons are cut off from the entirety of the ones besides Him-azwj, you are (then) saying, ‘In the Name of Allah-azwj’. That is, ‘I am Assisted upon my affairs, all of them, by Allah-azwj, Who, no one is rightful of the worship except for Him-azwj, and the Helper when He-azwj is Cried to for help, and the Answerer when supplicated to.
وَ هُوَ مَا قَالَ رَجُلٌ لِلصَّادِقِ ع يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ دُلَّنِي عَلَى اللَّهِ مَا هُوَ فَقَدْ أَكْثَرَ عَلَيَّ الْمُجَادِلُونَ وَ حَيَّرُونِي فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ هَلْ رَكِبْتَ سَفِينَةً قَطُّ قَالَ نَعَمْ
And it is what a man said to Al-Sadiq-asws, O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! Point me to Allah-azwj, what is He-azwj, for the debaters are numerous against me and they are confusing me?’ He-asws said to him: ‘O servant of Allah-azwj! Have you every sailed a ship at all?’ He said, ‘Yes’.
قَالَ فَهَلْ كُسِرَ بِكَ حَيْثُ لَا سَفِينَةَ تُنْجِيكَ وَ لَا سِبَاحَةَ تُغْنِيكَ قَالَ نَعَمْ
He-asws said: ‘Has it ever broken with you where there is no (other) ship to save you, nor could the swimming (to the shore) suffice you?’ He said, ‘Yes’.
قَالَ فَهَلْ تَعَلَّقَ قَلْبُكَ هُنَالِكَ أَنَّ شَيْئاً مِنَ الْأَشْيَاءِ قَادِرٌ عَلَى أَنْ يُخَلِّصَكَ مِنْ وَرْطَتِكَ قَالَ نَعَمْ
He-asws said: ‘Did your heart attach over there, that there is something from the things which has the ability upon finishing you from your predicament?’ He said, ‘Yes’.
قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع فَذَلِكَ الشَّيْءُ هُوَ اللَّهُ الْقَادِرُ عَلَى الْإِنْجَاءِ حَيْثُ لَا مُنْجِيَ وَ عَلَى الْإِغَاثَةِ حَيْثُ لَا مُغِيثَ
Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘So that thing, He-azwj is Allah-azwj, the One Able upon the rescuing when there is no Rescuer, and upon the helping when there is no helper’.[57]
17- ل، الخصال الْفَامِيُّ وَ ابْنُ مَسْرُورٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بُطَّةَ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ع أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَامَ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِمَا عَرَفْتَ رَبَّكَ
‘Al Khisaal’ – Al Faamy and Ibn Masrour, from Muhammad Bin Ja’far Bin Batat, from Al Barqy, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Salim,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, having said: ‘I-asws heard my-asws father-asws narrate from his-asws father-asws that a man stood up to Amir Al-Momineen-asws and said to him-asws, ‘O Amir Al-Momineen-asws! With what do you-asws recognise your-asws Lord-azwj?’
قَالَ بِفَسْخِ الْعَزْمِ وَ نَقْضِ الْهِمَمِ لَمَّا أَنْ هَمَمْتُ حَالَ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَ هَمِّي وَ عَزَمْتُ فَخَالَفَ الْقَضَاءُ عَزْمِي فَعَلِمْتُ أَنَّ الْمُدَبِّرَ غَيْرِي
He-asws said: ‘By the annulments of the determination, and the breaking of the aspirations, when I-asws think of a state between me-asws and my-asws thoughts and determine (to do something), and it (turns out to be) different to the decision of my-asws determination, then I-asws know that the Planner is other than me-asws’.
قَالَ فَبِمَا ذَا شَكَرْتَ نَعْمَاءَهُ قَالَ نَظَرْتُ إِلَى بَلَاءٍ قَدْ صَرَفَهُ عَنِّي وَ أَبْلَى بِهِ غَيْرِي فَعَلِمْتُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ أَنْعَمَ عَلَيَّ فَشَكَرْتُهُ
He said, ‘What Bounties do you-asws thank Him-azwj for?’ He-asws said: ‘I-asws at an affliction which has been turned away from me, and someone else gets tried with it, then I-asws know that He-azwj has Favoured upon me-asws, so I-asws thank Him-azwj’.
قَالَ فَبِمَا ذَا أَحْبَبْتَ لِقَاءَهُ قَالَ لَمَّا رَأَيْتُهُ قَدِ اخْتَارَ لِي دِينَ مَلَائِكَتِهِ وَ رُسُلِهِ وَ أَنْبِيَائِهِ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ الَّذِي أَكْرَمَنِي بِهَذَا لَيْسَ يَنْسَانِي فَأَحْبَبْتُ لِقَاءَهُ
He said, ‘What makes you-asws love to meet Him-azwj?’ He-asws said: ‘When I-asws Him-azwj to have Chosen for me-asws a Religion of His-azwj Angels, and His-azwj Rasools-as, and His-azwj Prophets-as, I-asws know that He-azwj is the One-azwj Whom Honoured me with this. He-azwj didn’t Forget me-asws, so I-asws love to meet Him-azwj’’.[58]
18- يد، التوحيد مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ عَنْ عَمِّهِ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْكُوفِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَسِّنٍ الْمِيثَمِيِّ قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي مَنْصُورٍ الْمُتَطَبِّبِ فَقَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِي قَالَ كُنْتُ أَنَا وَ ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ وَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُقَفَّعِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ فَقَالَ ابْنُ الْمُقَفَّعِ تَرَوْنَ هَذَا الْخَلْقَ وَ أَوْمَى بِيَدِهِ إِلَى مَوْضِعِ الطَّوَافِ مَا مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ أُوجِبُ لَهُ اسْمَ الْإِنْسَانِيَّةِ إِلَّا ذَلِكَ الشَّيْخُ الْجَالِسُ يَعْنِي جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ ع فَأَمَّا الْبَاقُونَ فَرَعَاعٌ وَ بَهَائِمُ
‘Al Tawheed’ – Majaylawiya, from his uncle, from Al Barqy, from Muhammad Bin Ali Al Kufy, from Abdul Rahman Bin Muhammad bin Abu Hashim, from Ahmad Bin Mohsin Al Maysami who said,
‘I was in the presence of Abu Mansour Al-Motatabbab, and he said, ‘A man from my companions informed me saying, ‘I, and Ibn Abu Al-Awja, and Abdullah Al-Maqfa was in the Sacred Masjid, and Ibn Maqfa said, ‘Are you seeing these people?’ – and he gestured by his hand towards the place of the Tawaaf – ‘There is no one from them upon whom the name of ‘human being’ can be obligated, except for that seated Sheykh’ – meaning Ja’far-asws Ibn Muhammad-asws – ‘As for the rest, they are a mob of animals’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ وَ كَيْفَ أَوْجَبْتَ هَذَا الِاسْمَ لِهَذَا الشَّيْخِ دُونَ هَؤُلَاءِ قَالَ لِأَنِّي رَأَيْتُ عِنْدَهُ مَا لَمْ أَرَ عِنْدَهُمْ
Ibn Abu Al-Awja said to him, ‘And how come this name (human) can be obligated for this Sheykh, besides those ones?’ He said, ‘Because I saw in his-asws presence what I did not see with them’.
فَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ مَا بُدٌّ مِنِ اخْتِبَارِ مَا قُلْتَ فِيهِ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ الْمُقَفَّعِ لَا تَفْعَلْ فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ يُفْسِدَ عَلَيْكَ مَا فِي يَدِكَ
Ibn Abu Al-Awja said, ‘It is inevitable that I be informed of what they say regarding him-asws, from him-asws’. Ibn Al-Maqfa said, ‘Do not do it, for I fear that he-asws would spoil what (ideology) there is in your hands’.
فَقَالَ لَيْسَ ذَا رَأْيَكَ وَ لَكِنَّكَ تَخَافُ أَنْ يَضْعُفَ رَأْيُكَ عِنْدِي فِي إِحْلَالِكَ إِيَّاهُ الْمَحَلَّ الَّذِي وَصَفْتَ
He said, ‘That isn’t your view, but you fear that your opinions would be weakened in my presence in your replacing his-asws status which you described’.
فَقَالَ ابْنُ الْمُقَفَّعِ أَمَّا إِذَا تَوَهَّمْتَ عَلَيَّ هَذَا فَقُمْ إِلَيْهِ وَ تَحَفَّظْ مَا اسْتَطَعْتَ مِنَ الزَّلَلِ وَ لَا تَثْنِ عِنَانَكَ إِلَى اسْتِرْسَالٍ يُسَلِّمْكَ إِلَى عِقَالٍ وَ سِمْهُ مَا لَكَ أَوْ عَلَيْكَ
Ibn Al-Maqfa said, ‘But, when you are now accusing this upon me, then go to him-asws, and protect yourself as much as you can from the errors, and do not be discouraged from your head being turned, and name him-asws master, or it would be against you’.
قَالَ فَقَامَ ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ وَ بَقِيتُ وَ ابْنُ الْمُقَفَّعِ فَرَجَعَ إِلَيْنَا وَ قَالَ يَا ابْنَ الْمُقَفَّعِ مَا هَذَا بِبَشَرٍ وَ إِنْ كَانَ فِي الدُّنْيَا رُوحَانِيٌّ يَتَجَسَّدُ إِذَا شَاءَ ظَاهِراً وَ يَتَرَوَّحُ إِذَا شَاءَ بَاطِناً فَهُوَ هَذَا فَقَالَ لَهُ وَ كَيْفَ ذَاكَ
He (the narrator) said, ‘Ibn Abu Al-Awja stood up, and there remained Ibn Al-Maqfa. Then he returned to us and said, ‘O Ibn Al-Maqfa, this one is not a mortal! And if there ever was a spiritualist in this world, embodying himself whenever he so desires to and appears, and becomes a spirit whenever he so desires to, becoming hidden, so it is this one’. He said to him, ‘And how is that so?’
قَالَ جَلَسْتُ إِلَيْهِ فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَبْقَ عِنْدَهُ غَيْرِي ابْتَدَأَنِي فَقَالَ إِنْ يَكُنِ الْأَمْرُ عَلَى مَا يَقُولُ هَؤُلَاءِ وَ هُوَ عَلَى مَا يَقُولُونَ يَعْنِي أَهْلَ الطَّوَافِ فَقَدْ سَلِمُوا وَ عَطِبْتُمْ وَ إِنْ يَكُنِ الْأَمْرُ كَمَا تَقُولُونَ وَ لَيْسَ كَمَا تَقُولُونَ فَقَدِ اسْتَوَيْتُمْ وَ هُمْ
He said, ‘I sat down to him-asws, and when there did not remain in his-asws presence apart from me, he-asws initiated me and said: ‘If the matter happens to be upon what they are saying (that God exists), and it is upon what they are saying – meaning the people doing Tawaaf – so they would be safe and you would be destroyed. And if the matter is as you are saying (that God does not exist) – and it isn’t as you are saying – then you and them would be the same’.
فَقُلْتُ لَهُ يَرْحَمُكَ اللَّهُ وَ أَيَّ شَيْءٍ نَقُولُ وَ أَيَّ شَيْءٍ يَقُولُونَ مَا قَوْلِي وَ قَوْلُهُمْ إِلَّا وَاحِدٌ
I said to him-asws, ‘May Allah-azwj have Mercy on you-asws! And which thing are we saying? And which thing are they saying? My word and their word are not, except one’.
فَقَالَ كَيْفَ يَكُونُ قَوْلُكَ وَ قَوْلُهُمْ وَاحِداً وَ هُمْ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ لَهُمْ مَعَاداً وَ ثَوَاباً وَ عِقَاباً وَ يَدِينُونَ بِأَنَّ لِلسَّمَاءِ إِلَهاً وَ أَنَّهَا عُمْرَانٌ وَ أَنْتُمْ تَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ السَّمَاءَ خَرَابٌ لَيْسَ فِيهَا أَحَدٌ
He-asws said: ‘How can your word and their word happen to be one, and they are saying that for them there is a Hereafter, and Rewards, and Punishments, and they are making it a Religion with that for the sky there is a God, and these are constructed, and you are alleging that the sky is a ruin and there isn’t anyone in it’.
قَالَ فَاغْتَنَمْتُهَا مِنْهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ مَا مَنَعَهُ إِنْ كَانَ الْأَمْرُ كَمَا تَقُولُ أَنْ يَظْهَرَ لِخَلْقِهِ وَ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى عِبَادَتِهِ حَتَّى لَا يَخْتَلِفَ مِنْهُمُ اثْنَانِ وَ لِمَا احْتَجَبَ عَنْهُمْ وَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمُ الرُّسُلَ وَ لَوْ بَاشَرَهُمْ بِنَفْسِهِ كَانَ أَقْرَبَ إِلَى الْإِيمَانِ بِهِ
He (Ibn Abu Al-Awja) said, ‘I was gloomy from it and said to him-asws, ‘What prevents Him-azwj, if the matter was as you-asws are saying, from appearing to His-azwj creatures and Calling them to His-azwj worship until no two of them would differ, and why does He-azwj Veil from them, and Sends the Messengers-as to them? And if He-azwj were to Deal with them Himself-azwj, they would have been closer to believing in Him-azwj’.
فَقَالَ لِي وَيْلَكَ وَ كَيْفَ احْتَجَبَ عَنْكَ مَنْ أَرَاكَ قُدْرَتَهُ فِي نَفْسِكَ نُشُوءَكَ وَ لَمْ تَكُنْ وَ كِبَرَكَ بَعْدَ صِغَرِكَ وَ قُوَّتَكَ بَعْدَ ضَعْفِكَ وَ ضَعْفَكَ بَعْدَ قُوَّتِكَ وَ سُقْمَكَ بَعْدَ صِحَّتِكَ وَ صِحَّتَكَ بَعْدَ سُقْمِكَ وَ رِضَاكَ بَعْدَ غَضَبِكَ وَ غَضَبَكَ بَعْدَ رِضَاكَ وَ حُزْنَكَ بَعْدَ فَرَحِكَ وَ فَرَحَكَ بَعْدَ حُزْنِكَ وَ حُبَّكَ بَعْدَ بُغْضِكَ وَ بُغْضَكَ بَعْدَ حُبِّكَ وَ عَزْمَكَ بَعْدَ إِبَائِكَ وَ إِبَاءَكَ بَعْدَ عَزْمِكَ وَ شَهْوَتَكَ بَعْدَ كَرَاهَتِكَ وَ كَرَاهَتَكَ بَعْدَ شَهْوَتِكَ وَ رَغْبَتَكَ بَعْدَ رَهْبَتِكَ وَ رَهْبَتَكَ بَعْدَ رَغْبَتِكَ وَ رَجَاءَكَ بَعْدَ يَأْسِكَ وَ يَأْسَكَ بَعْدَ رَجَائِكَ وَ خَاطِرَكَ بِمَا لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي وَهْمِكَ وَ عُزُوبَ مَا أَنْتَ مُعْتَقِدُهُ مِنْ ذِهْنِكَ
He-asws said to me: ‘Woe be unto you! And how can He-azwj be Veiled from you, One-azwj Who Shows you His-azwj Power within yourself? You are growing and did not exist (before), and you are older after your youth, and your strength after your weakness, and your weakness after your strength, and your illness after your health, and your health after your sickness, and your pleasure after your anger, and your anger after your pleasure, and your grief after your happiness, and your happiness after your grief, and your love after your hatred, and your hatred after your love, and your determination after your refusal, and your refusal after your determination, and your desire after your abhorrence, and your abhorrence after your desires, and your security after your fear, and your fear after your security, and your hope after your despair, and your despair after your hope, and your fear of what does not happen to be in your imagination, and the setting of what you are believing in from your mind’.
وَ مَا زَالَ يَعُدُّ عَلَيَّ قُدْرَتَهُ الَّتِي فِي نَفْسِي الَّتِي لَا أَدْفَعُهَا حَتَّى ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ سَيَظْهَرُ فِيمَا بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَهُ
And he-asws did not cease to count upon me, His-azwj Powers which are within myself, which I could not defend these until I thought that He-azwj would appear in what is between me and him-asws’’.[59]
19- يد، التوحيد ابْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جَنَاحٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ خَلْقاً أَصْغَرَ مِنَ الْبَعُوضِ وَ الْجِرْجِسُ أَصْغَرُ مِنَ الْبَعُوضِ وَ الَّذِي يُسَمُّونَهُ الْوَلَغَ أَصْغَرَ مِنَ الْجِرْجِسِ وَ مَا فِي الْفِيلِ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا وَ فِيهِ مِثْلُهُ وَ فُضِّلَ عَلَى الْفِيلِ بِالْجَنَاحَيْنِ
‘Al Tawheed’ – Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Ibn Isa, from his father, from Saeed Bin Janah, from one of our companions,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj did not Created anything smaller than the mosquito, and the ‘Jarjis’ (a smaller species of mosquito) is smaller than the mosquito, and that which is named as ‘Al Walag’ (an even smaller species of mosquito) is smaller than the ‘Jarjis’, and there is nothing in the elephant except and in it is similar to it, and it has a merit upon the elephant with having the two wings’’.[60]
20- يد، التوحيد الدَّقَّاقُ عَنِ الْكُلَيْنِيِّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ رَفَعَ الْحَدِيثَ أَنَّ ابْنَ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ حِينَ كَلَّمَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَادَ إِلَيْهِ فِي الْيَوْمِ الثَّانِي فَجَلَسَ وَ هُوَ سَاكِتٌ لَا يَنْطِقُ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع كَأَنَّكَ جِئْتَ تُعِيدُ بَعْضَ مَا كُنَّا فِيهِ
‘Al Tawheed’ – Al Daqaqm from Al Kulayni, by his chain, raising the Hadeeth: –
‘Ibn Abu Al-Awja, when Abu Abdullah-asws spoke to him, he returned to him-asws on the second day. But, he sat down and he was silent, not speaking (at all). Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘It is as if you have come to reiterate part of what we were (discussing) with’.
فَقَالَ أَرَدْتُ ذَاكَ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ
He said, ‘I did intend that, O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww!’
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا أَعْجَبَ هَذَا تُنْكِرُ اللَّهَ وَ تَشْهَدُ أَنِّي ابْنُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ
Abu Abdullah-asws said to him: ‘How strange this is! You deny Allah-azwj, and you testify that I-asws am a son-asws of a Rasool-saww of Allah-azwj!’
فَقَالَ الْعَادَةُ تَحْمِلُنِي عَلَى ذَلِكَ
He said, ‘The habit carried me upon that’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ الْعَالِمُ ع فَمَا يَمْنَعُكَ مِنَ الْكَلَامِ
The scholar-asws said to him: ‘So what prevented you from speaking?’
قَالَ إِجْلَالًا لَكَ وَ مَهَابَةً مَا يَنْطِقُ لِسَانِي بَيْنَ يَدَيْكَ فَإِنِّي شَاهَدْتُ الْعُلَمَاءَ وَ نَاظَرْتُ الْمُتَكَلِّمِينَ فَمَا تَدَاخَلَنِي هَيْبَةٌ قَطُّ مِثْلُ مَا تَدَاخَلَنِي مِنْ هَيْبَتِكَ
He said, ‘As a homage to you-asws and reverence. My tongue could not unfreeze in front of you-asws, for I have witnessed the scholars and debated the theologians, but there did not enter awe into me at all like what awe entered into me from you-asws’.
قَالَ يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ وَ لَكِنْ أَفْتَحُ عَلَيْكَ بِسُؤَالٍ وَ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَ مَصْنُوعٌ أَنْتَ أَوْ غَيْرُ مَصْنُوعٍ
He-asws said: ‘That happens, but I-asws would like to open upon you with a question’, and he-asws turned to face him. He-asws said to him: ‘Are you made (Created) or not made?’
فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ بْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ بَلْ أَنَا غَيْرُ مَصْنُوعٍ
Abdul Kareem Bin Abu Al-Awja’a said, ‘But, I am not made’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ الْعَالِمُ ع فَصِفْ لِي لَوْ كُنْتَ مَصْنُوعاً كَيْفَ كُنْتَ تَكُونُ
The scholar-asws said to him: ‘Describe to me, if you had been Made, how would you have happened to be?’
فَبَقِيَ عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ مَلِيّاً لَا يُحِيرُ جَوَاباً وَ وَلِعَ بِخَشَبَةٍ كَانَتْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ طَوِيلٌ عَرِيضٌ عَمِيقٌ قَصِيرٌ مُتَحَرِّكٌ سَاكِنٌ كُلُّ ذَلِكَ صِفَةُ خَلْقِهِ
Abdul Kareem remained reflecting, too baffled to answer, and he played around with a piece of wood which was in front of him, and he was saying, ‘Long, wide, deep, short, moving, still, all of that is a description of His-azwj creatures’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ الْعَالِمُ ع فَإِنْ كُنْتَ لَمْ تَعْلَمْ صِفَةَ الصَّنْعَةِ غَيْرَهَا فَاجْعَلْ نَفْسَكَ مَصْنُوعاً لِمَا تَجِدُ فِي نَفْسِكَ مِمَّا يَحْدُثُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمُورِ
The scholar-asws said to him: ‘If you do not know the qualities of the made (creation) apart from these, then consider yourself to be as a Made (Created) to what you find within yourself, from what occurs from these matters’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ سَأَلْتَنِي عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ لَمْ يَسْأَلْنِي عَنْهَا أَحَدٌ قَبْلَكَ وَ لَا يَسْأَلُنِي أَحَدٌ بَعْدَكَ عَنْ مِثْلِهَا
Abdul Kareem said to him-asws, ‘You-asws have asked me a question no one has asked me before you-asws, nor will anyone ask me after you-asws, the likes of it’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع هَبْكَ عَلِمْتَ أَنَّكَ لَمْ تُسْأَلْ فِيمَا مَضَى فَمَا عِلْمُكَ أَنَّكَ لَا تُسْأَلُ فِيمَا بَعْدُ عَلَى أَنَّكَ يَا عَبْدَ الْكَرِيمِ نَقَضْتَ قَوْلَكَ لِأَنَّكَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّ الْأَشْيَاءَ مِنَ الْأَوَّلِ سَوَاءٌ فَكَيْفَ قَدَّمْتَ وَ أَخَّرْتَ
Abu Abdullah-asws said, ‘Given that you know that you have not been asked in what is past, so what makes you know that you will not be asked in what is afterwards? O Abdul Kareem! You break your own words, because you are alleging that the things have been the same from before, so how come you are bringing them forward and delaying (talking about past and future)?’
ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا عَبْدَ الْكَرِيمِ أَزِيدُكَ وُضُوحاً أَ رَأَيْتَ لَوْ كَانَ مَعَكَ كِيسٌ فِيهِ جَوَاهِرُ فَقَالَ لَكَ قَائِلٌ هَلْ فِي الْكِيسِ دِينَارٌ فَنَفَيْتَ كَوْنَ الدِّينَارِ فِي الْكِيسِ فَقَالَ لَكَ قَائِلٌ صِفْ لِيَ الدِّينَارَ وَ كُنْتَ غَيْرَ عَالِمٍ بِصِفَتِهِ هَلْ كَانَ لَكَ أَنْ تَنْفِيَ كَوْنَ الدِّينَارِ عَنِ الْكِيسِ وَ أَنْتَ لَا تَعْلَمُ قَالَ لَا
Then he-asws said: ‘O Abdul Kareem! I-asws shall increase its clarification. What is your view if there was a bag with you wherein were jewels, and someone says to you, ‘Is there a Dinar in the bag?’ But you deny the existence of the Dinar in the bag, and he says to you, ‘Describe the Dinar to me’, and you are not knowledgeable of its description, would that be for you that you should deny the existence of the Dinar in the bag, and you don’t know?’ He said, ‘No’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَالْعَالَمُ أَكْبَرُ وَ أَطْوَلُ وَ أَعْرَضُ مِنَ الْكِيسِ فَلَعَلَّ فِي الْعَالَمِ صَنْعَةً مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا تَعْلَمُ صِفَةَ الصَّنْعَةِ مِنْ غَيْرِ الصَّنْعَةِ
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘The universe is longer and wider than the bag. Perhaps in the universe there is a created being from where you do not know the description of the Made being from the one not Made’.
فَانْقَطَعَ عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ وَ أَجَابَ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِهِ وَ بَقِيَ مَعَهُ بَعْضٌ
But Abdul Kareem cut-off (the discussion, and some of his companions answered to Al-Islam (became Muslims), and some remained with him.
فَعَادَ فِي الْيَوْمِ الثَّالِثِ فَقَالَ أَقْلِبُ السُّؤَالَ
He returned on the third day, and he said, ‘I would like to overturn the questioning’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع اسْأَلْ عَمَّا شِئْتَ
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Ask about whatever you so desire to’.
فَقَالَ مَا الدَّلِيلُ عَلَى حُدُوثِ الْأَجْسَامِ
He said, ‘What is the evidence of the occurrence (coming into being) of the bodies?’
فَقَالَ إِنِّي مَا وَجَدْتُ شَيْئاً صَغِيراً وَ لَا كَبِيراً إِلَّا وَ إِذَا ضُمَّ إِلَيْهِ مِثْلُهُ صَارَ أَكْبَرَ وَ فِي ذَلِكَ زَوَالٌ وَ انْتِقَالٌ عَنِ الْحَالَةِ الْأُولَى وَ لَوْ كَانَ قَدِيماً مَا زَالَ وَ لَا حَالَ لِأَنَّ الَّذِي يَزُولُ وَ يَحُولُ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُوجَدَ وَ يُبْطَلَ
He-asws said: ‘I-asws have not found anything, neither small nor big, except that when the likes of it is combined to it, it gets bigger; and in that is the decline (deterioration) and the change from the former state. And had (all things) being eternal, they would neither deteriorate nor change state, because that which deteriorates and changes, it is allowed that it comes into being and gets abolished.
فَيَكُونُ بِوُجُودِهِ بَعْدَ عَدَمِهِ دُخُولٌ فِي الْحُدُوثِ وَ فِي كَوْنِهِ فِي الْأَزَلِ دُخُولُهُ فِي الْقِدَمِ وَ لَنْ تَجْتَمِعَ صِفَةُ الْأَزَلِ وَ الْحُدُوثِ وَ الْقِدَمِ وَ الْعَدَمِ فِي شَيْءٍ وَاحِدٍ
Thus, it would happen to be, by its existence after its non-existence, entering into the occurrence and in its coming into being in the beginning, it would enter into the non-existence, and there would never gather together the qualities of the eternity and the and the occurrence (coming into being), and the infinity, and the non-existenceinto one thing’.
فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ هَبْكَ عَلِمْتَ فِي جَرْيِ الْحَالَتَيْنِ وَ الزَّمَانَيْنِ عَلَى مَا ذَكَرْتَ وَ اسْتَدْلَلْتَ عَلَى حُدُوثِهِا فَلَوْ بَقِيَتِ الْأَشْيَاءُ عَلَى صِغَرِهَا مِنْ أَيْنَ كَانَ لَكَ أَنْ تَسْتَدِلَّ عَلَى حُدُوثِهِا
Abdul Kareem said, ‘Given, that you-asws know regarding the flow of the two states and the two times upon what you-asws mentioned, and evidence with that upon its occurrence (coming into being). If the things were to remain upon its smallness, from where would that be for you to evidence upon their occurrence?’
فَقَالَ الْعَالِمُ ع إِنَّمَا نَتَكَلَّمُ عَلَى هَذَا الْعَالَمِ الْمَوْضُوعِ فَلَوْ رَفَعْنَاهُ وَ وَضَعْنَا عَالَماً آخَرَ كَانَ لَا شَيْءَ أَدَلَّ عَلَى الْحُدُوثِ مِنْ رَفْعِنَا إِيَّاهُ وَ وَضْعِنَا غَيْرَهُ
The scholar-asws said: ‘But rather, we-asws speak upon this universe as the subject. If we were to raise it and place another universe, the nothingness would be evidenced upon the occurrence from our raising it and replacing it with another.
وَ لَكِنْ أَجَبْتُكَ مِنْ حَيْثُ قَدَّرْتَ أَنْ تُلْزِمَنَا وَ نَقُولَ إِنَّ الْأَشْيَاءَ لَوْ دَامَتْ عَلَى صِغَرِهَا لَكَانَ فِي الْوَهْمِ أَنَّهُ مَتَى مَا ضُمَّ شَيْءٌ إِلَى مِثْلِهِ كَانَ أَكْبَرَ وَ فِي جَوَازِ التَّغْيِيرِ عَلَيْهِ خُرُوجُهُ مِنَ الْقِدَمِ كَمَا بَانَ فِي تَغْيِيرِهِ دُخُولُهُ فِي الْحَدَثِ لَيْسَ لَكَ وَرَاءَهُ شَيْءٌ يَا عَبْدَ الْكَرِيمِ
But, I-asws shall answer you from where you measured out to compel us-asws. We-asws are saying that the things, had they remained eternally upon their smallness, it would always be in the mind that when something is combined to something the like of it, it would be greater (than before), and with regards to the permissibility of the change upon it, is its exit from the eternity, just as its change is its entry into the occurrence. There is nothing for you beyond it, O Abdul Kareem’.
فَانْقَطَعَ وَ خَزِيَ فَلَمَّا أَنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْعَامِ الْقَابِلِ الْتَقَى مَعَهُ فِي الْحَرَمِ فَقَالَ لَهُ بَعْضُ شِيعَتِهِ إِنَّ ابْنَ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ قَدْ أَسْلَمَ
He cut-off (the discussion) and went out. When it was the following year, I met up with him-asws in the Sanctuary. One of his-asws Shias said to him-asws, ‘Ibn Abu Al-Awja’a has become a Muslim’.
فَقَالَ الْعَالِمُ ع هُوَ أَعْمَى مِنْ ذَلِكَ لَا يُسْلِمُ
The scholar-asws said: ‘He is too blind from that and will not become a Muslim’.
فَلَمَّا بَصُرَ بِالْعَالِمِ قَالَ سَيِّدِي وَ مَوْلَايَ
When he (Abdul Kareem) saw the scholar-asws, he said, ‘My chief and my master!’
فَقَالَ لَهُ الْعَالِمُ ع مَا جَاءَ بِكَ عَلَى هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ
The scholar-asws said to him: ‘What brings you here to this place?’
فَقَالَ عَادَةُ الْجَسَدِ وَ سُنَّةُ الْبَلَدِ وَ لِنُبْصِرَ مَا النَّاسُ فِيهِ مِنَ الْجُنُونِ وَ الْحَلْقِ وَ رَمْيِ الْحِجَارَةِ
He said, ‘Habit of the body and ways of the country, and to see what the people are indulging in from the insanity, and the shaving (of the heads), and pelting the rocks (Hajj rituals)’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ الْعَالِمُ أَنْتَ بَعْدُ عَلَى عُتُوِّكَ وَ ضَلَالِكَ يَا عَبْدَ الْكَرِيمِ
The scholar-asws said to him: ‘After (all) you are still upon your insolence and your straying, O Abdul Kareem!’
فَذَهَبَ يَتَكَلَّمُ فَقَالَ لَهُ لَا جِدَالَ فِي الْحَجِّ وَ نَفَضَ رِدَاءَهُ مِنْ يَدِهِ
He went on to speak, but he-asws said to him: ‘There will be no contentious arguments during the Hajj’, and he-asws shook off his-asws robe from his hands.
وَ قَالَ إِنْ يَكُنِ الْأَمْرُ كَمَا تَقُولُ وَ لَيْسَ كَمَا تَقُولُ نَجَوْنَا وَ نَجَوْتَ وَ إِنْ يَكُنِ الْأَمْرُ كَمَا نَقُولُ وَ هُوَ كَمَا نَقُولُ نَجَوْنَا وَ هَلَكْتَ
And he-asws said: ‘If the matter happens to be just as you are saying it to be, and it is not as you are saying it to be, we-asws would be saved and you would be saved; but if the matter happens to be just as we-asws are saying it to be, and it is just as we-asws are saying it to be, we-asws would be Saved and you would be destroyed’.
فَأَقْبَلَ عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ عَلَى مَنْ مَعَهُ فَقَالَ وَجَدْتُ فِي قَلْبِي حَرَارَةً فَرُدُّونِي
Abdul Kareem turned towards the one who was with him and he said, ‘I find heat (of anger) in my heart, so return me’.
فَرَدُّوهُ وَ مَاتَ لَا رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ
They returned him, and he died. May Allah-azwj not have Mercy on him’’.[61]
21- يد، التوحيد ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ هِشَامِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقِيلَ لَهُ بِمَ عَرَفْتَ رَبَّكَ
‘Al Tawheed’ – Ibn Idrees, from his father, from Ibn Hashim, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Salim who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws was asked, and it was said to him-asws, ‘By what do you-asws recognise your-asws Lord-azwj?’
قَالَ بِفَسْخِ الْعَزْمِ وَ نَقْضِ الْهَمِّ عَزَمْتُ فَفُسِخَ عَزْمِي وَ هَمَمْتُ فَنُقِضَ هَمِّي
He-asws said: ‘By the annulment of the determination and breaking of the aspiration. I determine (to do something), and my-asws determination gets annulled, and I-asws aspire (to do something), but my-asws aspiration breaks’’.[62]
22 يد، التوحيد المكتب عن الأسدي عن البرمكي عن محمد بن عبد الرحمن الخزاز عن سليمان بن جعفر عن علي بن الحكم عن هشام بن سالم قال حضرت محمد بن نعمان الأحول فقام إليه رجل فقال له بم عرفت ربك
‘Al Tawheed’ – Al Maktab, from Al Asady, from Al Barmakky, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Rahman Al Khazaz, from Suleyman Bin Ja’far, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Hisham Bin Salim who said,
‘Muhammad Bin Al-Numan Al-Ahowl arrived, and a man stood up to him and said to him, ‘By what do you recognise your Lord-azwj?’
قال بتوفيقه و إرشاده و تعريفه و هدايته
He said, ‘By His-azwj Inclination, and His-azwj Correctness, and His-azwj Introduction, and His-azwj Guidance’.
قال فخرجت من عنده فلقيت هشام بن الحكم فقلت له ما أقول لمن يسألني فيقول لي بم عرفت ربك
He said, ‘I went out from him and I met Hisham Bin Al Hakam and said to him, ‘What shall I said to the one who asks me and says to me, ‘By what do you recognise your Lord-azwj?’’
فقال إن سأل سائل فقال بم عرفت ربك قلت عرفت الله جل جلاله بنفسي لأنها أقرب الأشياء إلي و ذلك أني أجدها أبعاضا مجتمعة و أجزاء مؤتلفة ظاهرة التركيب متينة الصنعة مبنية على ضروب من التخطيط و التصوير زائدة من بعد نقصان و ناقصة من بعد زيادة
He said, ‘If a questioner asks and says, ‘With what do you recognise your Lord-azwj?’ Say, ‘I recognised Allah-azwj, Majestic is His-azwj Majesty with myself, because He-azwj is the closest of the things to me, and that I found its parts to be together, and its parts combined, its apparent composition, its durable workmanship, based upon the planning and the imagery, increase from after the deficiency, and deficiency from after an increase.
قد أنشئ لها حواس مختلفة و جوارح متبائنة من بصر و سمع و شام و ذائق و لامس مجبولة على الضعف و النقص و المهانة لا تدرك واحدة منها مدرك صاحبتها و لا تقوى على ذلك عاجزة عن اجتلاب المنافع إليها و دفع المضار عنها و استحال في العقول وجود تأليف لا مؤلف له و ثبات صورة لا مصور لها
Different senses have been grown for it, and jointed limbs, from the sight, and hearing, and smell, and taste, and the touch; bound upon the weakness, and the defect, and the humiliation. One of these cannot realise the realisation of its counterpart, nor can a frustrated one be strong upon that from bringing benefits to these, and repel the harm from these. And it is impossible in the intellects the existence of the composition there being no Composer for it, and the establishment of an imager, there being no Imager for it.
فعلمت أن لها خالقا خلقها و مصورا صورها مخالفا لها في جميع جهاتها قال الله جل جلاله وَ فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَ فَلا تُبْصِرُونَ
Therefore, I know that for these, there is a Creator Who Created these, and an Imager Who Imaged it, Giving a difference to these in the entirety of their aspects. Allah-azwj, Mighty is His-azwj Majesty Said: And within themselves (too). So, will you not see? [51:21]’’.[63] (P.s. – this is not a Hadeeth)
23- يد، التوحيد الدَّقَّاقُ عَنِ الْأَسَدِيِّ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْمَأْمُونِ الْقُرَشِيِ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي أَبُو شَاكِرٍ الدَّيَصَانِيُّ إِنَّ لِي مَسْأَلَةً تَسْتَأْذِنُ لِي عَلَى صَاحِبِكَ فَإِنِّي قَدْ سَأَلْتُ عَنْهَا جَمَاعَةً مِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ فَمَا أَجَابُونِي بِجَوَابٍ مُشْبِعٍ فَقُلْتُ هَلْ لَكَ أَنْ تُخْبِرَنِي بِهَا فَلَعَلَّ عِنْدِي جَوَاباً تَرْتَضِيهِ فَقَالَ إِنِّي أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَلْقَى بِهَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع
‘Al Tawheed’ – Al Daqaq, from Al Asady, from Al Husayn Bin Al Mamoun Al Qarshy, from Umar Bin Abdul Aziz, from Hisham Bin Al Hakam who said,
‘Abu Shakir Al-Daysani said to me, ‘There are issues for me. Will you seek permission for me to see your Master-asws, for I have asked about these a group of scholars, but they did not answer me with a satisfactory answer’. I said, ‘Is it for you that you inform me with these, perhaps with me there are answers you would be pleased with?’ He said, ‘I would love to cast these to Abu Abdullah-asws’.
فَاسْتَأْذَنْتُ لَهُ فَدَخَلَ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَ تَأْذَنُ لِي فِي السُّؤَالِ
I sought permission for him, and he came and said to him-asws, ‘Will you-asws permit me regarding the questions?’
فَقَالَ لَهُ سَلْ عَمَّا بَدَا لَكَ
He-asws said to him: ‘Ask about whatever comes to you’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ مَا الدَّلِيلُ عَلَى أَنَّ لَكَ صَانِعاً
He said to him-asws, ‘What is the evidence that there is a Maker for you-asws?’
فَقَالَ وَجَدْتُ نَفْسِي لَا تَخْلُو مِنْ إِحْدَى جِهَتَيْنِ إِمَّا أَنْ أَكُونَ صَنَعْتُهَا أَنَا فَلَا أَخْلُو مِنْ أَحَدِ مَعْنَيَيْنِ إِمَّا أَنْ أَكُونَ صَنَعْتُهَا وَ كَانَتْ مَوْجُودَةً أَوْ صَنَعْتُهَا وَ كَانَتْ مَعْدُومَةً فَإِنْ كُنْتُ صَنَعْتُهَا وَ كَانَتْ مَوْجُودَةً فَقَدِ اسْتَغْنَيْتُ بِوُجُودِهَا عَنْ صَنْعَتِهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ مَعْدُومَةً فَإِنَّكَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ الْمَعْدُومَ لَا يُحْدِثُ شَيْئاً
He-asws said: ‘I-asws found myself-asws as not being empty from one of the two aspects – Either I-asws have made myself-asws – then I-asws would not be empty from one of the two meanings – either I-asws made it and I-asws was existing, or I-asws made it and was non-existent. If I-asws made it and was existent, then I-asws was needless of its existence from making it, and if I-asws was non-existent, then (even) you know that the non-existent cannot make anything.
فَقَدْ ثَبَتَ الْمَعْنَى الثَّالِثُ أَنَّ لِي صَانِعاً وَ هُوَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ فَقَامَ وَ مَا أَجَابَ جَوَاباً
Thus, the third meaning has been proved that there is a Maker for me, and He-azwj is Allah-azwj, Lord-azwj of the worlds’. He arose and did not respond with an answer’.[64]
24- يد، التوحيد أَبِي وَ ابْنُ الْوَلِيدِ مَعاً عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ وَ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ سَهْلٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ الْهَاشِمِيِّ عَنْ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: دَخَلَ ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقَالَ أَ لَيْسَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ خَالِقُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع بَلَى
My father, and Ibn Al Waleed both together, from Ahmad Bin Idrees, and Muhammad Al Attar, from Al Ashary, from Sahl, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Ali Bin Yaqoub Al Hashimy, from Marwan Bin Muslim who said,
‘Ibn Abu Al-Awja came to Abu Abdullah-asws and he said, ‘Aren’t you claiming that Allah-azwj Created all things?’ Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Yes’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ أَنَا أَخْلُقُ فَقَالَ لَهُ كَيْفَ تَخْلُقُ
He said to him-asws, ‘I (also) create’. He said, ‘How do you create?’
قَالَ أُحْدِثُ فِي الْمَوْضِعِ ثُمَّ أَلْبَثُ عَنْهُ فَيَصِيرُ دوابا [دَوَابَ] فَأَكُونُ أَنَا الَّذِي خَلَقْتُهَا
He said, ‘I excrete in a place, then I leave from it, and insects come to be, therefore I would be the one who created these’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَ لَيْسَ خَالِقُ الشَّيْءِ يَعْرِفُ كَمْ خَلَقَهُ قَالَ لَهُ بَلَى
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Wouldn’t a creator of the thing know much he creates?’ He said to him-asws, ‘Yes’.
قَالَ فَتَعْرِفُ الذَّكَرَ مِنْهَا مِنَ الْأُنْثَى وَ تَعْرِفُ كَمْ عُمُرُهَا فَسَكَتَ
He-asws said: ‘Then, do you recognise the male from these (insects) from the females, and do you recognise how old these are?’ He was silent.[65]
25- يد، التوحيد ابْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ لِي هِشَامُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ كَانَ زِنْدِيقٌ بِمِصْرَ يَبْلُغُهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَخَرَجَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لِيُنَاظِرَهُ فَلَمْ يُصَادِفْهُ بِهَا فَقِيلَ لَهُ هُوَ بِمَكَّةَ فَخَرَجَ الزِّنْدِيقُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ وَ نَحْنُ مَعَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقَارَبَنَا الزِّنْدِيقُ وَ نَحْنُ مَعَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي الطَّوَافِ
‘Al Tawheed’ – Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Ibn Hashim, from Muhammad Bin Hamad, from Al Hassan Bin Ibrahim, from Yunus Bin Abdul Rahman, from Yunus Bin Yaqoub who said,
‘Ali Bin Mansour said to me, ‘Hisham Bin Al-Hakam said to me. There was an atheist in Egypt. Certain things about Abu Abdullah-asws reached him, so he went out to Al-Medina in order to debate with him-asws. But he could not come across him-asws, and it was said to him that he-asws had gone out to Makkah. So, he went out to Makkah, and we were with Abu Abdullah-asws. He came across us while we were with Abu Abdullah-asws during the Tawaaf.
فَضَرَبَ كَتِفَهُ كَتِفَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقَالَ لَهُ جَعْفَرٌ ع مَا اسْمُكَ قَالَ اسْمِي عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ
He struck his-asws shoulder, a shoulder of Abu Abdullah-asws, so Ja’far-asws said to him: ‘ ‘What is your name?’ He said, ‘My name is Abdul Malik (Slave of the king)’.
قَالَ فَمَا كُنْيَتُكَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ
He-asws said: ‘What is your teknonym?’ He said, ‘My teknonym is Abu Abdullah (Father of the slave of Allah-azwj)’.
قَالَ فَمَنِ الْمَلِكُ الَّذِي أَنْتَ لَهُ عَبْدٌ أَ مِنْ مُلُوكِ السَّمَاءِ أَمْ مِنْ مُلُوكِ الْأَرْضِ وَ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ ابْنِكَ أَ عَبْدُ إِلَهِ السَّمَاءِ أَمْ عَبْدُ إِلَهِ الْأَرْضِ فَسَكَتَ
Abu Abdullah-asws said to him: ‘So who is this king whose slave you are? Is he from the kings of the sky or from the kings of the earth? And, inform me-asws about your son, is he a slave of a god of the sky, or a slave of a god of the earth?’ He was silent.
فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قُلْ مَا شِئْتَ تُخْصَمْ
Abu Abdullah-asws said to him: ‘Say whatever you like, you will be refuted’.
قَالَ هِشَامُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ قُلْتُ لِلزِّنْدِيقِ أَ مَا تَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِ فَقَبَّحَ قَوْلِي
Hisham Bin Al-Hakam said, ‘I said to the atheist, ‘You are not replying to him-asws?’ But, he disliked my words.
فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِذَا فَرَغْتَ مِنَ الطَّوَافِ فَأْتِنَا
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘When we are free from the Tawaaf, then come over to us’.
فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَتَاهُ الزِّنْدِيقُ فَقَعَدَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَ نَحْنُ مُجْتَمِعُونَ عِنْدَهُ فَقَالَ لِلزِّنْدِيقِ أَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ لِلْأَرْضِ تَحْتاً وَ فَوْقاً قَالَ نَعَمْ
When Abu Abdullah-asws was free, the atheist came over to him-asws, and he sat himself in front of Abu Abdullah-asws, and we gathered in his-asws presence. He-asws said to the atheist: ‘Do you know that for the earth there is an underneath and an above?’ He said, ‘Yes’.
قَالَ فَدَخَلْتَ تَحْتَهَا قَالَ لَا
He-asws said: ‘Have you entered underneath it?’ He said, ‘No’.
قَالَ فَمَا يُدْرِيكَ بِمَا تَحْتَهَا قَالَ لَا أَدْرِي إِلَّا أَنِّي أَظُنُّ أَنْ لَيْسَ تَحْتَهَا شَيْءٌ
He-asws said: ‘What would makes you know what is underneath it?’ He said, ‘I don’t know except that I guess that there is nothing underneath it’.
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَالظَّنُّ عَجْزٌ مَا لَمْ تَسْتَيْقِنْ
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘So the guess shows the frustration (inability) due to what you are not certain of’.
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَصَعِدْتَ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ قَالَ لَا
Then Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Have you ascended to the sky?’ He said, ‘No’.
قَالَ فَتَدْرِي مَا فِيهَا قَالَ لَا
He-asws said: ‘Do you know what is therein?’ He said, ‘No’.
قَالَ فَعَجَباً لَكَ لَمْ تَبْلُغِ الْمَشْرِقَ وَ لَمْ تَبْلُغِ الْمَغْرِبَ وَ لَمْ تَنْزِلْ تَحْتَ الْأَرْضِ وَ لَمْ تَصْعَدْ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَ لَمْ تَجُزْ هُنَالِكَ فَتَعْرِفَ مَا خَلَقَهُنَّ وَ أَنْتَ جَاحِدٌ مَا فِيهِنَّ وَ هَلْ يَجْحَدُ الْعَاقِلُ مَا لَا يَعْرِفُ
He-asws said: ‘It is strange for you that you have not reached the east and not reached the west, and not descended into the earth and not ascended to the sky, and not exceeded over there as to what is beyond these, and you are denying with what is in these? And would the intellectual deny what he does not recognise?’
فَقَالَ الزِّنْدِيقُ مَا كَلَّمَنِي بِهَذَا أَحَدٌ غَيْرُكَ
The atheist said, ‘No one has spoken with me with this apart from you-asws’.
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَأَنْتَ فِي شَكٍّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَلَعَلَّ هُوَ أَوْ لَعَلَّ لَيْسَ هُوَ قَالَ الزِّنْدِيقُ وَ لَعَلَّ ذَاكَ
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘So you are in doubt with regards to that. Perhaps He-azwj is (Existent), and perhaps He-azwj is not (Existent)’. The atheist said: ‘And perhaps it is that’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَيُّهَا الرَّجُلُ لَيْسَ لِمَنْ لَا يَعْلَمُ حُجَّةٌ عَلَى مَنْ يَعْلَمُ فَلَا حُجَّةَ لِلْجَاهِلِ يَا أَخَا أَهْلِ مِصْرَ تَفَهَّمْ عَنِّي فَإِنَّا لَا نَشُكُّ فِي اللَّهِ أَبَداً
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘O you man! There is no argument for the one who does not know over the one who does know, and there is no argument for the ignorance either. O brother of the people of Egypt! Understand from me-asws, for we-asws do not doubt regarding Allah-azwj, ever!
أَ مَا تَرَى الشَّمْسَ وَ الْقَمَرَ وَ اللَّيْلَ وَ النَّهَارَ يَلِجَانِ لَيْسَ لَهُمَا مَكَانٌ إِلَّا مَكَانُهُمَا فَإِنْ كَانَا يَقْدِرَانِ عَلَى أَنْ يَذْهَبَا وَ لَا يَرْجِعَانِ فَلِمَ يَرْجِعَانِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُونَا مُضْطَرَّيْنِ فَلِمَ لَا يَصِيرُ اللَّيْلُ نَهَاراً وَ النَّهَارُ لَيْلًا
But, do you not see the sun and the moon, and the night and the day following their course, so they do not get confused and do not retract, (but are) being Forced? There is no place for them except for their respective placing. If they had power upon the going, they would not be returning, and if they were not being Forced, the night would not become a day, and the day, a night.
اضْطُرَّا وَ اللَّهِ يَا أَخَا أَهْلِ مِصْرَ إِلَى دَوَامِهِمَا وَ الَّذِي اضْطَرَّهُمَا أَحْكَمُ مِنْهُمَا وَ أَكْبَرُ مِنْهُمَا
They are being forced, by Allah-azwj, O brother of the people of Egypt! The One-azwj Who Forces them to their shifts is Wiser than both of them and greater than them’.
قَالَ الزِّنْدِيقُ صَدَقْتَ
The atheist said, ‘You-asws speak the truth’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَا أَخَا أَهْلِ مِصْرَ الَّذِي تَذْهَبُونَ إِلَيْهِ وَ تَظُنُّونَهُ بِالْوَهْمِ فَإِنْ كَانَ الدَّهْرُ يَذْهَبُ بِهِمْ لِمَ لَا يَرُدُّهُمْ وَ إِنْ كَانَ يَرُدُّهُمْ لِمَ لَا يَذْهَبُ بِهِمُ الْقَوْمُ مُضْطَرُّونَ
Then Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘O brother of the people of Egypt! That what they (people) are going towards, and you are thinking that it is the time. If it was the time going with them, why is it not returning them, and if it was returning them, why is it not going with them. The people are being Forced.
يَا أَخَا أَهْلِ مِصْرَ السَّمَاءُ مَرْفُوعَةٌ وَ الْأَرْضُ مَوْضُوعَةٌ لِمَ لَا تَسْقُطُ السَّمَاءُ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ وَ لِمَ لَا تَنْحَدِرُ الْأَرْضُ فَوْقَ طِبَاقِهَا فَلَا يَتَمَاسَكَانِ وَ لَا يَتَمَاسَكُ مَنْ عَلَيْهِمَا
O brother of the people of Egypt! Why is the sky elevated and the earth is laid? Why doesn’t the sky fall upon the earth? Why doesn’t the earth stoop above its layers, and they are neither attached nor are they attached to the ones above it?’
فَقَالَ الزِّنْدِيقُ أَمْسَكَهُمَا وَ اللَّهِ رَبُّهُمَا وَ سَيِّدُهُمَا
The atheist said, ‘Allah-azwj their Lord-azwj and their Master Keeps them attached’.
فَآمَنَ الزِّنْدِيقُ عَلَى يَدَيْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقَالَ لَهُ حُمْرَانُ بْنُ أَعْيَنَ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنْ آمَنَتِ الزَّنَادِقَةُ عَلَى يَدَيْكَ فَقَدْ آمَنَتِ الْكُفَّارُ عَلَى يَدَيْ أَبِيكَ
He (the narrator) said, ‘The atheist believed upon the hands of Abu Abdullah-asws. Humran said to him-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! The atheist professed belief upon your-asws hands, and the disbelievers had professed belief upon the hands of your-asws father-asws’.
فَقَالَ الْمُؤْمِنُ الَّذِي آمَنَ عَلَى يَدَيْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع اجْعَلْنِي مِنْ تَلَامِذَتِكَ
The Believer who had just professed belief upon the hands of Abu Abdullah-asws said, ‘Make me to be from your-asws students’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لِهِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ خُذْهُ إِلَيْكَ فَعَلِّمْهُ
Abu Abdullah-asws said, ‘O Hisham Bin Al-Hakam! Keep him to yourself (company) and teach him’.
فَعَلَّمَهُ هِشَامٌ فَكَانَ مُعَلِّمَ أَهْلِ مِصْرَ وَ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ وَ حَسُنَتْ طَهَارَتُهُ حَتَّى رَضِيَ بِهَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع
Hisham taught him, and he became a teacher of the people of Eman in Syria and the people of Egypt, and his purity was good to the extent that Abu Abdullah-asws was pleased with it’’.[66]
26- م، تفسير الإمام عليه السلام قَالَ الْإِمَامُ ع لَمَّا تَوَعَّدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْيَهُودَ وَ النَّوَاصِبَ فِي جَحْدِ النُّبُوَّةِ وَ الْخِلَافَةِ قَالَ مَرَدَةُ الْيَهُودِ وَ عُتَاةُ النَّوَاصِبِ مَنْ هَذَا الَّذِي يَنْصُرُ مُحَمَّداً وَ عَلِيّاً عَلَى أَعْدَائِهِمَا
The Imam (Al-Hassan Al-Askari-asws) said: ‘When Rasool-Allah-saww rebuked the Jews and the Nasibis (Hostile ones) for rejecting the Prophet-hood and the Caliphate, the apostate Jews and the transgressing Nasibis (Hostile ones) said, ‘Who is the one who helps Muhammad-saww and Ali-asws against their-asws enemies?’
فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ بِلَا عَمَدٍ مِنْ تَحْتِهَا وَ لَا عِلَاقَةٍ مِنْ فَوْقِهَا تَحْبِسُهَا مِنَ الْوُقُوعِ عَلَيْكُمْ
Allah-azwj Revealed: In the Creation of the skies and the earth [2:164] – without there being any pillars underneath, nor any connection from above it, withholding it from falling upon you.
وَ أَنْتُمْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْعِبَادُ وَ الْإِمَاءُ أُسَرَائِي وَ فِي قَبْضِي الْأَرْضُ مِنْ تَحْتِكُمْ لَا مَنْجَى لَكُمْ مِنْهَا إِنْ هَرَبْتُمْ وَ السَّمَاءُ مِنْ فَوْقِكُمْ وَ لَا مَحِيصَ لَكُمْ عَنْهَا إِنْ ذَهَبْتُمْ فَإِنْ شِئْتُ أَهْلَكْتُكُمْ بِهَذِهِ وَ إِنْ شِئْتُ أَهْلَكْتُكُمْ بِتِلْكَ
“And you, O servants, and the maids, are My-azwj prisoners and in My-azwj Grip. The ground is beneath you, there is no rescue for you from it that you should flee, and the sky is above you, and there is no refuge for you from it that you can go away. If I-azwj so Desire, I-azwj could Destroy you all with this, and if I-azwj so Desire, I-azwj could Destroy you with that”.
ثُمَّ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ مِنَ الشَّمْسِ الْمُنِيرَةِ فِي نَهَارِكُمْ لِتَنْتَشِرُوا فِي مَعَايِشِكُمْ وَ مِنَ الْقَمَرِ الْمُضِيءِ لَكُمْ فِي لَيْلِكُمْ لِتُبْصِرُوا فِي ظُلُمَاتِهِ وَ إِلْجَائِكُمْ بِالاسْتِرَاحَةِ بِالظُّلْمَةِ إِلَى تَرْكِ مُوَاصَلَةِ الْكَدِّ الَّذِي يَنْهَكُ أَبْدَانَكُمْ وَ اخْتِلافِ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهارِ الْمُتَتَابِعَيْنِ الْكَادَّيْنِ عَلَيْكُمْ بِالْعَجَائِبِ الَّتِي يُحْدِثُهَا رَبُّكُمْ فِي عَالَمِهِ مِنْ إِسْعَادٍ وَ إِشْقَاءٍ وَ إِعْزَازٍ وَ إِذْلَالٍ وَ إِغْنَاءٍ وَ إِفْقَارٍ وَ صَيْفٍ وَ شِتَاءٍ وَ خَرِيفٍ وَ رَبِيعٍ وَ خِصْبٍ وَ قَحْطٍ وَ خَوْفٍ وَ أَمْنٍ
Then, whatever is in the skies, from the radiating sun during your day, for you to disperse regarding your livelihoods, and from the moon reflecting for you during your night for you to see in its darkness, and your shelter with the resting in the darkness to leave the hardness which drains your bodies, and the alternation of the night and the day [2:164], the consecutive, Planned upon you with the wonder which your Lord-azwj Brings about in His-azwj universe, from the fortunacy and the wretchedness, and the honour and the disgrace, and the richness and the poverty, and summer and the winter, and autumn and spring, and harvest and drought, and fear and safety.
وَ الْفُلْكِ الَّتِي تَجْرِي فِي الْبَحْرِ بِما يَنْفَعُ النَّاسَ الَّتِي جَعَلَهَا اللَّهُ مَطَايَاكُمْ لَا تَهْدَأُ لَيْلًا وَ لَا نَهَاراً وَ لَا تَقْتَضِيكُمْ عَلَفاً وَ لَا مَاءً وَ كَفَاكُمْ بِالرِّيَاحِ مَئُونَةً تُسَيِّرُهَا بِقُوَاكُمْ الَّتِي كَانَتْ لَا تَقُومُ بِهَا لَوْ رَكَدَتْ عَنْهَا الرِّيَاحُ لِتَمَامِ مَصَالِحِكُمْ وَ مَنَافِعِكُمْ وَ بُلُوغِ الْحَوَائِجِ لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ
and the ships which sail in the sea with what benefits the people – Which Allah-azwj has Made to be obedient to you, neither wavering by night nor by day, neither asking you for the grass (feed) nor the water. And He-azwj Suffice you all with the wind as an assistant to sail it with your strengths – which otherwise would not have been strong enough for it if the winds had stood still – in order to complete your betterment and your benefits, and your reaching the needs for yourselves.
وَ ما أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنَ السَّماءِ مِنْ ماءٍ وَابِلًا وَ هَطْلًا وَ رَذَاذاً لَا يُنْزِلُ عَلَيْكُمْ دَفْعَةً وَاحِدَةً فَيُغْرِقَكُم وَ يُهْلِكَ مَعَايِشَكُمْ لَكِنَّهُ يُنْزِلُ مُتَفَرِّقاً مِنْ عَلًا حَتَّى يَعُمَّ الْأَوْهَادَ وَ التِّلَالَ وَ التِّلَاعَ فَأَحْيا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِها فَيُخْرِجُ نَبَاتَهَا وَ ثِمَارَهَا وَ حُبُوبَهَا
and what Allah Sends down from the sky, from a water – a barrage, and a downpour, and a sprinkle, not descending upon you in one go, so it would drown you and destroy your dwellings. But it descends separately from high above until it fills up the valleys and the hillocks and the high ground. So, the earth is revived by it after its death – So its vegetation comes out, (along with) its fruits and its grains.
وَ بَثَّ فِيها مِنْ كُلِّ دَابَّةٍ مِنْهَا مَا هُوَ لِأَكْلِكُمْ وَ مَعَايِشِكُمْ وَ مِنْهَا سِبَاعٌ ضَارِيَةٌ حَافِظَةٌ عَلَيْكُمْ لِأَنْعَامِكُمْ لِئَلَّا تَشُذَّ عَلَيْكُمْ خَوْفاً مِنِ افْتِرَاسِهَا لَهَا
and the dispersal therein from every animal – from these are what is for your consumption, and your livelihood, and from these are the predatory wild animals, ferocious, a preservation upon you and for your cattle, perhaps they would withdraw to you out of fear from being a prey to it.
وَ تَصْرِيفِ الرِّياحِ الْمُرَبِّيَةِ لِحُبُوبِكُمْ الْمُبَلِّغَةِ لِثِمَارِكُمْ النَّافِيَةِ لركد [لِرُكُودِ] الْهَوَاءِ وَ الْأَقْتَارِ عَنْكُمْ وَ السَّحابِ الْمُسَخَّرِ بَيْنَ السَّماءِ وَ الْأَرْضِ يَحْمِلُ أَمْطَارَهَا وَ يَجْرِي بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَ يَصُبُّهَا مِنْ حَيْثُ يُؤْمَرُ
and the changing of the winds – the nourisher of your seeds, the ripener of your fruits, the negator of stagnation of the atmosphere, and the reducer of tiredness from you, and the clouds – the ones paused, subservient – the humbled, between the sky and the earth – carrying its rain and they flow, by the Permission of Allah-azwj, and pour it wherever Commanded to.
لَآياتٍ دَلَائِلَ وَاضِحَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ بِعُقُولِهِمْ أَنَّ مَنْ هَذِهِ الْعَجَائِبُ مِنْ آثَارِ قُدْرَتِهِ قَادِرٌ عَلَى نُصْرَةِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ آلِهِمَا ع عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ
there are signs – clear evidence, for a people who are understanding – pondering by their intellects that from these wonders there is One-azwj Whose Power is Impacted, is Able upon helping Muhammad-saww and Ali-asws and their-asws Progeny-asws, against the one He-azwj Desires to.’’[67]
27- جع، جامع الأخبار سُئِلَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع عَنْ إِثْبَاتِ الصَّانِعِ فَقَالَ الْبَعْرَةُ تَدُلُّ عَلَى الْبَعِيرِ وَ الرَّوْثَةُ تَدُلُّ عَلَى الْحَمِيرِ وَ آثَارُ الْقَدَمِ تَدُلُّ عَلَى الْمَسِيرِ فَهَيْكَلٌ عُلْوِيٌّ بِهَذِهِ اللَّطَافَةِ وَ مَرْكَزٌ سُفْلِيٌّ بِهَذِهِ الْكَثَافَةِ كَيْفَ لَا يَدُلَّانِ عَلَى اللَّطِيفِ الْخَبِيرِ
‘Jamie Al Akhbaar’ – Amir Al-Momineen-asws was asked about proof of the Maker, he-asws said: ‘The camel dung evidences upon the camel, and the donkey dung evidences upon the donkey, and the footprint evidences upon the traveller, and structures higher than these are with these subtleties, and centres lower than this filth, how can it not evidence upon the Subtle, the Aware?’’[68]
28- وَ قَالَ ع بِصُنْعِ اللَّهِ يُسْتَدَلُّ عَلَيْهِ وَ بِالْعُقُولِ تُعْتَقَدُ مَعْرِفَتُهُ وَ بِالتَّفَكُّرِ تَثْبُتُ حُجَّتُهُ مَعْرُوفٌ بِالدَّلَالاتِ مَشْهُورٌ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ
And he-asws said: ‘By the Handiwork of Allah-azwj, you can point to Him-azwj, and by the intellects you can think of His-azwj recognition, and by the pondering His-azwj Divine Authorities-asws are proven, well-known with the evidences, famous with the proofs’’.[69]
29- جع، جامع الأخبار سُئِلَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ مَا الدَّلِيلُ عَلَى إِثْبَاتِ الصَّانِعِ
Amir Al-Momineen-asws was asked, ‘What is the evidence upon proving the Maker?’
قَالَ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْيَاءَ تَحْوِيلُ الْحَالِ وَ ضَعْفُ الْأَرْكَانِ وَ نَقْضُ الْهِمَّةِ
‘Jamie Al Akhbaar’ – He-asws said: ‘Three things – changing of the states, and the weakness of the body parts, and the breaking of aspirations’’.[70]
باب 4 الخبر المشتهر بتوحيد المفضل بن عمر
CHAPTER 4 – THE HADEETH WELL KNOWN AS ‘TAWHEED OF AL-MUFAZZAL BIN UMAR’
1- رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الْمُفَضَّلُ بْنُ عُمَرَ قَالَ: كُنْتُ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ جَالِساً فِي الرَّوْضَةِ بَيْنَ الْقَبْرِ وَ الْمِنْبَرِ وَ أَنَا مُفَكِّرٌ فِيمَا خَصَّ اللَّهُ بِهِ سَيِّدَنَا مُحَمَّداً ص مِنَ الشَّرَفِ وَ الْفَضَائِلِ وَ مَا مَنَحَهُ وَ أَعْطَاهُ وَ شَرَّفَهُ بِهِ وَ حَبَاهُ مِمَّا لَا يَعْرِفُهُ الْجُمْهُورُ مِنَ الْأُمَّةِ وَ مَا جَهِلُوهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَ عَظِيمِ مَنْزِلَتِهِ وَ خَطَرِ مَرْتَبَتِهِ فَإِنِّي لَكَذَلِكَ إِذْ أَقْبَلَ ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ فَجَلَسَ بِحَيْثُ أَسْمَعُ كَلَامَهُ
It is reported by Muhammad Bin Sinan who said, ‘It was narrated to us by Al Mufazzal Bin Umar who said,
‘One day, after Al-Asr (afternoon), I was seated in the garden between the grave (of Rasool-Allah-saww and the pulpit, and I was thinking regarding what Allah-azwj has Particularised our Master Muhammad-saww with, from the nobility, and the merits, and what He-azwj had Favoured him-saww, and Gave him-saww, and Ennobled him-saww with, and Gifted him-saww, from what the majority of the community do not recognise, and how ignorant they are of his-saww merits, and his-saww great status, and the importance of his-saww rank. While I was like that, when Ibn Abu Al-Awja came and sat down where I could hear his speech.
فَلَمَّا اسْتَقَرَّ بِهِ الْمَجْلِسُ إِذَا رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ قَدْ جَاءَ فَجَلَسَ إِلَيْهِ فَتَكَلَّمَ ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ فَقَالَ لَقَدْ بَلَغَ صَاحِبُ هَذَا الْقَبْرِ الْعِزَّ بِكَمَالِهِ وَ حَازَ الشَّرَفَ بِجَمِيعِ خِصَالِهِ وَ نَالَ الْحُظْوَةَ فِي كُلِّ أَحْوَالِهِ
When he settled down in sitting, a man from his companions came and sat (facing) him. Ibn Abu Al-Awja spoke, ‘The occupant of this grave has reached the honour with its perfection, and possesses the nobility with the entirety of its qualities, and attained the favours in all of its states’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ صَاحِبُهُ إِنَّهُ كَانَ فَيْلَسُوفاً ادَّعَى الْمَرْتَبَةَ الْعُظْمَى وَ الْمَنْزِلَةَ الْكُبْرَى وَ أَتَى عَلَى ذَلِكَ بِمُعْجِزَاتٍ بَهَرَتِ الْعُقُولَ وَ ضَلَّتْ فِيهَا الْأَحْلَامُ وَ غَاصَتِ الْأَلْبَابُ عَلَى طَلَبِ عِلْمِهَا فِي بِحَارِ الْفِكْرِ فَرَجَعَتْ خَاسِئَاتٌ وَ هِيَ حَسِيرٌ فَلَمَّا اسْتَجَابَ لِدَعْوَتِهِ الْعُقَلَاءُ وَ الْفُصَحَاءُ وَ الْخُطَبَاءُ دَخَلَ النَّاسُ فِي دِينِهِ أَفْوَاجاً
His companion said to him, ‘He-saww was a philosopher who claimed the magnificent rank and the great position, and he-saww came upon that with miracles which dazzled the intellects, and the imaginations were lost in it, and the knowledgeable ones plunged upon seeking its knowledge in the oceans of thought, but they returned as losers and it (their thoughts) were exhausted. So, when there was a response to his-saww invitation from the intellectuals, and the eloquent ones and the preachers, the people entered into his-saww Religion in hordes.
فَقَرَنَ اسْمَهُ بِاسْمِ نَامُوسِهِ فَصَارَ يَهْتِفُ بِهِ عَلَى رُءُوسِ الصَوَامِعِ فِي جَمِيعِ الْبُلْدَانِ وَ الْمَوَاضِعِ الَّتِي انْتَهَتْ إِلَيْهَا دَعْوَتُهُ وَ عَلَتْ بِهَا كَلِمَتُهُ وَ ظَهَرَتْ فِيهَا حُجَّتُهُ بَرّاً وَ بَحْراً وَ سَهْلًا وَ جَبَلًا فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَ لَيْلَةٍ خَمْسُ مَرَّاتٍ مُرَدَّداً فِي الْأَذَانِ وَ الْإِقَامَةِ لِيَتَجَدَّدَ فِي كُلِّ سَاعَةٍ ذِكْرُهُ لِئَلَّا يُخْمَلَ أَمْرُهُ
Then he-saww paired his-saww name with the name of His-azwj Law, and went on to announce with it over the heads of the towers in the entirety of the cities, and places which his-saww invitation ended to, and his-saww ‘Kalima’ (There is no god except Allah-azwj and Muhammad-saww is a Rasool-saww of Allah-azwj) could be said with, and in it his-saww proof appeared in land, and sea, and coast, and mountain, during every day and night, five times, being repeated in the Azaan and the Iqamah (Calls to the Salat), for you to renew his mention during all times, lest his-saww matter stagnates’.
فَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ دَعْ ذِكْرَ مُحَمَّدٍ ص فَقَدْ تَحَيَّرَ فِيهِ عَقْلِي وَ ضَلَّ فِي أَمْرِهِ فِكْرِي وَ حَدِّثْنَا فِي ذِكْرِ الْأَصْلِ الَّذِي يَمْشِي بِهِ
Ibn Abu Al-Awja said, ‘Leave the mention of Muhammad-saww, for my intellect is confused regarding him-saww, and my thoughts are lost in his-saww matter, and let us discuss regarding the mention of the origins which he-saww walked with’.
ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ ابْتِدَاءً الْأَشْيَاءَ وَ زَعَمَ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ بِإِهْمَالٍ لَا صَنْعَةَ فِيهِ وَ لَا تَقْدِيرَ وَ لَا صَانِعَ لَهُ وَ لَا مُدَبِّرَ بَلِ الْأَشْيَاءُ تَتَكَوَّنُ مِنْ ذَاتِهَا بِلَا مُدَبِّرٍ وَ عَلَى هَذَا كَانَتِ الدُّنْيَا لَمْ تَزَلْ وَ لَا تَزَالُ
Then they mentioned the beginning of the things and claimed that is by negligence, there is not any workmanship in it, nor any determination, nor is there a Maker for it, nor a manager, but, the thing came into existence from their own selves, without any pre-meditation, and upon this was the existence of the world, nor is it declining nor will it be declining.
قَالَ الْمُفَضَّلُ فَلَمْ أَمْلِكْ نَفْسِي غَضَباً وَ غَيْظاً وَ حَنَقاً فَقُلْتُ يَا عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ أَلْحَدْتَ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ وَ أَنْكَرْتَ الْبَارِئَ جَلَّ قُدْسُهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكَ فِي أَحْسَنِ تَقْوِيمٍ وَ صَوَّرَكَ فِي أَتَمِّ صُورَةٍ وَ نَقَلَكَ فِي أَحْوَالِكَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ بِكَ إِلَى حَيْثُ انْتَهَيْتَ فَلَوْ تَفَكَّرْتَ فِي نَفْسِكَ وَ صَدَقَكَ لَطِيفُ حِسِّكَ لَوَجَدْتَ دَلَائِلَ الرُّبُوبِيَّةِ وَ آثَارَ الصَّنْعَةِ فِيكَ قَائِمَةً وَ شَوَاهِدَهُ جَلَّ وَ تَقَدَّسَ فِي خَلْقِكَ وَاضِحَةً وَ بَرَاهِينَهُ لَكَ لَائِحَةً
Al-Mufazzal said, ‘I could not control myself from anger, and rage and resentment, and I said, ‘O enemy of Allah-azwj! Are you reneging in the Religion of Allah-azwj, and denying the Creator, Majestic is His-azwj Holiness, Who Created you in the best formation, and Imaged you in a complete image, and Transferred you in our states until you reached where you have ended up? If you were to think regarding your own self, and you ratify the subtleness of your senses, you would find evidence of the Lordship and traces of the Making in your standing, and His-azwj Witness – Majestic and Holy – in your creation, clearly, and His-azwj proofs to you would be apparent’.
فَقَالَ يَا هَذَا إِنْ كُنْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكَلَامِ كَلَّمْنَاكَ فَإِنْ ثَبَتَ لَكَ حُجَّةٌ تَبِعْنَاكَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ مِنْهُمْ فَلَا كَلَامَ لَكَ وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّادِقِ فَمَا هَكَذَا يُخَاطِبُنَا وَ لَا بِمِثْلِ دَلِيلِكَ يُجَادِلُنَا وَ لَقَدْ سَمِعَ مِنْ كَلَامِنَا أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا سَمِعْتَ
He said, ‘O you! If you were from the people of speech, I would talk to you. So, if the argument is proved for you, we would follow you, and if you do not happen to be from them, then there is not talking for you. And if you were from the companions of Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad Al-Sadiq-asws, then this is not how you should be addressing us, nor with the likes of your evidence would you be arguing with us, and you have heard from our speech more than what you should have heard.
فَمَا أَفْحَشَ فِي خِطَابِنَا وَ لَا تَعَدَّى فِي جَوَابِنَا وَ إِنَّهُ لَلْحَلِيمُ الرَّزِينُ الْعَاقِلُ الرَّصِينُ لَا يَعْتَرِيهِ خُرْقٌ وَ لَا طَيْشٌ وَ لَا نَزَقٌ وَ يَسْمَعُ كَلَامَنَا وَ يُصْغِي إِلَيْنَا وَ يَسْتَعْرِفُ حُجَّتَنَا حَتَّى اسْتَفْرَغْنَا مَا عِنْدَنَا وَ ظَنَنَّا أَنَّا قَدْ قَطَعْنَاهُ أَدْحَضَ حُجَّتَنَا بِكَلَامٍ يَسِيرٍ وَ خِطَابٍ قَصِيرٍ يُلْزِمُنَا بِهِ الْحُجَّةَ وَ يَقْطَعُ الْعُذْرَ وَ لَا نَسْتَطِيعُ لِجَوَابِهِ رَدّاً فَإِنْ كُنْتَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَخَاطِبْنَا بِمِثْلِ خِطَابِهِ
So, do not be foolish in addressing us, and do not exceed in answering us, and he-asws is the forbearing, the calm, and the intellectual, composed. He-asws neither gets hit by a breach, nor stupidity, nor rudeness, and he-asws hears our speech and listens to us, and he-asws recognises our arguments until when we are free from what is with us, and we think that we have cut him-asws, he-asws refutes our arguments with little speech, and short address, necessitating us with the proof with him-asws, and he-asws cuts off the excuses, and we are not able to answer him-asws in response. If you were from his-asws companions, then address us with the like of his-asws address’.
قَالَ الْمُفَضَّلُ فَخَرَجْتُ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ مَحْزُوناً مُفَكِّراً فِيمَا بُلِيَ بِهِ الْإِسْلَامُ وَ أَهْلُهُ مِنْ كُفْرِ هَذِهِ الْعِصَابَةِ وَ تَعْطِيلِهَا فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى مَوْلَايَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ فَرَآنِي مُنْكَسِراً فَقَالَ مَا لَكَ
Al-Mufazzal said, ‘I went out from the Masjid in grief, thinking regarding what Al-Islam and are people being afflicted with from the Kufr of these groups and their followers. Then I went to my Master-asws, and he-asws saw me as broken, he-asws said: ‘What is the matter with you?’
فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِمَا سَمِعْتُ مِنَ الدَّهْرِيِّينَ وَ بِمَا رَدَدْتُ عَلَيْهِمَا
I informed him-asws of what I had heard from the two eternalists (apostates), and of what I had responded with upon them both.
فَقَالَ لَأُلْقِيَنَّ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ حِكْمَةِ الْبَارِئِ جَلَّ وَ عَلَا وَ تَقَدَّسَ اسْمُهُ فِي خَلْقِ الْعَالَمِ وَ السِّبَاعِ وَ الْبَهَائِمِ وَ الطَّيْرِ وَ الْهَوَامِّ وَ كُلِّ ذِي رُوحٍ مِنَ الْأَنْعَامِ وَ النَّبَاتِ وَ الشَّجَرَةِ الْمُثْمِرَةِ وَ غَيْرِ ذَاتِ الثَّمَرِ وَ الْحُبُوبِ وَ الْبُقُولِ الْمَأْكُولِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَ غَيْرِ الْمَأْكُولِ مَا يَعْتَبِرُ بِهِ الْمُعْتَبِرُونَ وَ يَسْكُنُ إِلَى مَعْرِفَتِهِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَ يَتَحَيَّرُ فِيهِ الْمُلْحِدُونَ فَبَكِّرْ عَلَيَّ غَداً
He-asws said: ‘I-asws shall cast to you, from the Wisdom of the Creator – Majestic and Exalted, and Holy is His-azwj Name – in the creation of the universe, and the predators, and the beasts, and the birds, and the insects, and all with a soul from the animals, and the plants, and the trees, ones with fruits and ones without fruits, and the grains, and the vegetables, the consumable from that and non-consumables, what the relying ones can be relying with, and the Momineen can be at rest to its recognition, and atheists would be bewildered, therefore come to me-asws tomorrow morning.
قَالَ الْمُفَضَّلُ فَانْصَرَفْتُ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ فَرِحاً مَسْرُوراً وَ طَالَتْ عَلَيَّ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةُ انْتِظَاراً لِمَا وَعَدَنِي بِهِ فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحْتُ غَدَوْتُ فَاسْتُوذِنَ لِي فَدَخَلْتُ وَ قُمْتُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَأَمَرَنِي بِالْجُلُوسِ فَجَلَسْتُ ثُمَّ نَهَضَ إِلَى حُجْرَةٍ كَانَ يَخْلُو فِيهَا فَنَهَضْتُ بِنُهُوضِهِ فَقَالَ اتْبَعْنِي فَتَبِعْتُهُ فَدَخَلَ وَ دَخَلْتُ خَلْفَهُ فَجَلَسَ وَ جَلَسْتُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ
Al-Mufazzal said, ‘I left from his-asws presence, happy, cheerful, and that night prolonged upon me in awaiting to what he-asws had promised me with. When it was morning, I went and he-asws permitted for me, so I entered and stood in front of him. He-asws instructed me with sitting down. I sat down. Then he-asws arose to go to a room where he-asws used to be alone therein, and we got up and went. He-asws said: ‘Follow me’. I followed him-asws. He-asws entered, and I entered (the room) behind him-asws. He-asws sat down, and I sat in front of him-asws.
فَقَالَ يَا مُفَضَّلُ كَأَنِّي بِكَ وَ قَدْ طَالَتْ عَلَيْكَ هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةُ انْتِظَاراً لِمَا وَعَدْتُكَ فَقُلْتُ أَجَلْ يَا مَوْلَايَ
He-asws said: ‘O Mufazzal! I-asws am with you as if last night had prolonged upon you in awaiting to what I-asws had promised you?’ I said, ‘Yes, O my Master-asws!’
فَقَالَ يَا مُفَضَّلُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ وَ لَا شَيْءَ قَبْلَهُ وَ هُوَ بَاقٍ وَ لَا نِهَايَةَ لَهُ فَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ عَلَى مَا أَلْهَمَنَا وَ لَهُ الشُّكْرُ عَلَى مَا مَنَحَنَا وَ قَدْ خَصَّنَا مِنَ الْعُلُومِ بِأَعْلَاهَا وَ مِنَ الْمَعَالِي بِأَسْنَاهَا وَ اصْطَفَانَا عَلَى جَمِيعِ الْخَلْقِ بِعِلْمِهِ وَ جَعَلَنَا مُهَيْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِحِكَمِهِ
He-asws said: ‘O Mufazzal! Allah-azwj existed and there was nothing before Him-azwj, and He-azwj will remain and there is no end-point for Him-azwj. For Him-azwj is the Praise upon what He-azwj has Inspired us-asws with, and for Him-azwj are the thanks upon what He-azwj has Favoured us, and He-azwj has Especialised upon us-asws from the knowledges with its topmost, and from the excellencies of its peak, and Chose us-asws over the entirety of the creatures with His-azwj Knowledge, and Made us-asws, as controllers upon them with His-azwj Wisdom’.
فَقُلْتُ يَا مَوْلَايَ أَ تَأْذَنُ لِي أَنْ أَكْتُبَ مَا تَشْرَحُهُ وَ كُنْتُ أَعْدَدْتُ مَعِي مَا أَكْتُبُ فِيهِ فَقَالَ لِي افْعَلْ
I said, ‘O my Master-asws! Will you permit me that I write down what your-asws explanation is?’ – and I had prepared with me what I could write in. He-asws said: ‘Do it!’
يَا مُفَضَّلُ إِنَّ الشُّكَّاكَ جَهِلُوا الْأَسْبَابَ وَ الْمَعَانِيَ فِي الْخِلْقَةِ وَ قَصُرَتْ أَفْهَامُهُمْ عَنْ تَأَمُّلِ الصَّوَابِ وَ الْحِكْمَةِ فِيمَا ذَرَأَ الْبَارِئُ جَلَّ قُدْسُهُ وَ بَرَأَ مِنْ صُنُوفِ خَلْقِهِ فِي الْبَرِّ وَ الْبَحْرِ وَ السَّهْلِ وَ الْوَعْرِ
O Mufazzal! The doubters are ignorant of the causes and the meanings in the creation, and their imaginations are deficient from contemplating the correctness and the wisdom in what is Created by the Creator – Majestic is His-azwj Holiness – and His-azwj Creating from the types of His-azwj creatures in the land and the sea, and the coast, and the inland.
فَخَرَجُوا بِقِصَرِ عُلُومِهِمْ إِلَى الْجُحُودِ وَ بِضَعْفِ بَصَائِرِهِمْ إِلَى التَّكْذِيبِ وَ الْعُنُودِ حَتَّى أَنْكَرُوا خَلْقَ الْأَشْيَاءِ وَ ادَّعَوْا أَنَّ كَوْنَهَا بِالْإِهْمَالِ لَا صَنْعَةَ فِيهَا وَ لَا تَقْدِيرَ وَ لَا حِكْمَةَ مِنْ مُدَبِّرٍ وَ لَا صَانِعٍ تَعَالَى اللَّهُ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ وَ قاتَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ أَنَّى يُؤْفَكُونَ
They came out with the short-comings of their knowledge, to the rejection, and the weakness of their insights to the belying and being quarrelsome, until they denied the creation of the things, and claimed that their existence is with neglect, there being no Handiwork therein, nor any Determination, nor Wisdom from a Planner or a Maker. Allah-azwj is Exalted from what they are describing, and may Allah-azwj Curse them, how deluded they are!
فَهُمْ فِي ضَلَالِهِمْ وَ عَمَاهُمْ وَ تَحَيُّرِهِمْ بِمَنْزِلَةِ عُمْيَانٍ دَخَلُوا دَاراً قَدْ بُنِيَتْ أَتْقَنَ بِنَاءٍ وَ أَحْسَنَهُ وَ فُرِشَتْ بِأَحْسَنِ الْفُرُشِ وَ أَفْخَرِهِ وَ أُعِدَّ فِيهَا ضُرُوبُ الْأَطْعِمَةِ وَ الْأَشْرِبَةِ وَ الْمَلَابِسِ وَ الْمَآرِبِ الَّتِي يُحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهَا لَا يُسْتَغْنَى عَنْهَا وَ وُضِعَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَوْضِعَهُ عَلَى صَوَابٍ مِنَ التَّقْدِيرِ وَ حِكْمَةٍ مِنَ التَّدْبِيرِ
They, in their straying and their blindness and their confusion, are at the status of the blind people who enter a house which has been built, masterful in its built and excellent, and it has been furnished with the best furnishing and pride-worthy things. There have been prepared therein the food, and the drinks, and the clothes and the utensils, which they could be needy to, not being needless from it. And every thing from that is placed upon its correct placing from the determination and wisdom of the determination.
فَجَعَلُوا يَتَرَدَّدُونَ فِيهَا يَمِيناً وَ شِمَالًا وَ يَطُوفُونَ بُيُوتَهَا إِدْبَاراً وَ إِقْبَالًا مَحْجُوبَةً أَبْصَارُهُمْ عَنْهَا لَا يُبْصِرُونَ بُنْيَةَ الدَّارِ وَ مَا أُعِدَّ فِيهَا وَ رُبَّمَا عَثَرَ بَعْضُهُمْ بِالشَّيْءِ الَّذِي قَدْ وُضِعَ مَوْضِعَهُ وَ أُعِدَّ لِلْحَاجَةِ إِلَيْهِ وَ هُوَ جَاهِلٌ بِالْمَعْنَى فِيهِ وَ لِمَا أُعِدَّ وَ لِمَا ذَا جُعِلَ كَذَلِكَ فَتَذَمَّرَ وَ تَسَخَّطَ وَ ذَمَّ الدَّارَ وَ بَانِيَهَا
The go on to hesitate in it, left and right, and are circling backwards and forwards, their sights having been veiled from it, not seeing the construction of the house and what has been prepared in it. Sometimes, one of them would find something which had been placed in its (proper) place prepared for the need to it, and he is ignorant with the meaning with regards to it, and for what it has been prepared, and why it has been made like that. So, he grumbles and gets angered and condemns the house and its builder.
فَهَذِهِ حَالُ هَذَا الصِّنْفِ فِي إِنْكَارِهِمْ مَا أَنْكَرُوا مِنْ أَمْرِ الْخِلْقَةِ وَ ثَبَاتِ الصَّنْعَةِ فَإِنَّهُمْ لَمَّا غَرَبَتْ أَذْهَانُهُمْ عَنْ مَعْرِفَةِ الْأَسْبَابِ وَ الْعِلَلِ فِي الْأَشْيَاءِ صَارُوا يَجُولُونَ فِي هَذَا الْعَالَمِ حَيَارَى وَ لَا يَفْهَمُونَ مَا هُوَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ إِتْقَانِ خِلْقَتِهِ وَ حُسْنِ صَنْعَتِهِ وَ صَوَابِ تَهْيِئَتِهِ
This is the state of this type in their denial from the matter of the creation and proving the Making, so they, when their minds were set from recognising the causes and the reasons of the things, they came to be roaming around in this world in confusion, not understanding what he is upon from the mastery of His-azwj Creation, and the excellence of His-azwj Making, and the correctness of its configuration.
وَ رُبَّمَا وَقَفَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى الشَّيْءِ لِجَهْلِ سَبَبِهِ وَ الْإِرْبِ فِيهِ فَيُسْرِعُ إِلَى ذَمِّهِ وَ وَصْفِهِ بِالْإِحَالَةِ وَ الْخَطَإِ كَالَّذِي أَقْدَمَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْمَانَوِيَّةُ الْكَفَرَةُ وَ جَاهَرَتْ بِهِ الْمُلْحِدَةُ الْمَارِقَةُ الْفَجَرَةُ وَ أَشْبَاهُهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الضَّلَالِ الْمُعَلِّلِينَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ بِالْمُحَالِ
And sometimes one of them would pause upon the thing being ignorant of its cause and the purpose in it, so he is quick to condemn it, and describes it with the absurdity and the error, like the ones who preceded upon it, the Kufr of the dualists, and the atheists were aloud with it, the immoral rogues, and those that resemble them from the people of straying, the announcers of their own selves with the place (for Allah-azwj).
فَيَحِقُّ عَلَى مَنْ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ بِمَعْرِفَتِهِ وَ هَدَاهُ لِدِينِهِ وَ وَفَّقَهُ لِتَأَمُّلِ التَّدْبِيرِ فِي صَنْعَةِ الْخَلَائِقِ وَ الْوُقُوفِ عَلَى مَا خُلِقُوا لَهُ مِنْ لَطِيفِ التَّدْبِيرِ وَ صَوَابِ التَّعْبِيرِ بِالدَّلَالَةِ الْقَائِمَةِ الدَّالَّةِ عَلَى صَانِعِهَا أَنْ يُكْثِرَ حَمْدَ اللَّهِ مَوْلَاهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَ يَرْغَبَ إِلَيْهِ فِي الثَّبَاتِ عَلَيْهِ وَ الزِّيَادَةِ مِنْهُ فَإِنَّهُ جَلَّ اسْمُهُ يَقُولُ لَئِنْ شَكَرْتُمْ لَأَزِيدَنَّكُمْ وَ لَئِنْ كَفَرْتُمْ إِنَّ عَذابِي لَشَدِيدٌ
It is a right upon the one whom Allah-azwj Favoured upon him with His-azwj recognition, and His-azwj Guidance to His-azwj Religion, and his pausing for meditating upon the strategy in the making of the creatures, and the pausing upon what has been Created for him, from the subtleness of the strategy and the correct strategy, with the upright evidence pointing to its Maker, that he should frequent the Praise Allah-azwj his Master-azwj upon that, and he should be desirous to Him-azwj in the proofs to Him-azwj, and the increase from Him-azwj, for He-azwj, Majestic is His-azwj Name, is Saying: “If you are grateful, I would Increase it for you, and if you are ungrateful, then My Punishment is Severe” [14:7].
يَا مُفَضَّلُ أَوَّلُ الْعِبَرِ وَ الْأَدِلَّةِ عَلَى الْبَارِئِ جَلَّ قُدْسُهُ تَهْيِئَةُ هَذَا الْعَالَمِ وَ تَأْلِيفُ أَجْزَائِهِ وَ نَظْمُهَا عَلَى مَا هِيَ عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّكَ إِذَا تَأَمَّلْتَ الْعَالَمَ بِفِكْرِكَ وَ مَيَّزْتَهُ بِعَقْلِكَ وَجَدْتَهُ كَالْبَيْتِ الْمَبْنِيِّ الْمُعَدِّ فِيهِ جَمِيعُ مَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ عِبَادُهُ
O Mufazzal! The first of the lessons and the evidence upon the Creator, Majestic is His-azwj Holiness, is the configuration of this world, and the composition of its parts, and its system upon what it is upon. You, when you contemplate on the world with your thoughts, and distinguish with your intellect, you would find it to be like the built house in which is the preparation of the entirety what His-azwj servants would be needy to.
فَالسَّمَاءُ مَرْفُوعَةٌ كَالسَّقْفِ وَ الْأَرْضُ مَمْدُودَةٌ كَالْبِسَاطِ وَ النُّجُومُ مَنْضُودَةٌ كَالْمَصَابِيحِ وَ الْجَوَاهِرُ مَخْزُونَةٌ كَالذَّخَائِرِ وَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ فِيهَا لِشَأْنِهِ مُعَدٌّ وَ الْإِنْسَانُ كَالْمُمَلَّكِ ذَلِكَ الْبَيْتَ وَ الْمُخَوَّلِ جَمِيعَ مَا فِيهِ وَ ضُرُوبُ النَّبَاتِ مُهَيَّأَةٌ لِمَآرِبِهِ وَ صُنُوفُ الْحَيَوَانِ مَصْرُوفَةٌ فِي مَصَالِحِهِ وَ مَنَافِعِهِ
The sky is raised like the ceiling, and the ground is stretched out like the rug, and the stars are bound consistently like the lanterns, and the gems are hoarded like the treasures, and all thing therein are prepared for its affair, and the human being is like the slave of that house, and the Conferment of the entirety of what is therein. And the parts of the plants are ready for its nourishment, and the variety of the animals are dispersed in its service and its benefits.
فَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ وَاضِحَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْعَالَمَ مَخْلُوقٌ بِتَقْدِيرٍ وَ حِكْمَةٍ وَ نِظَامٍ وَ مُلَائَمَةٍ وَ أَنَّ الْخَالِقَ لَهُ وَاحِدٌ وَ هُوَ الَّذِي أَلَّفَهُ وَ نَظَّمَهُ بَعْضاً إِلَى بَعْضٍ جَلَّ قُدْسُهُ وَ تَعَالَى جَدُّهُ وَ كَرُمَ وَجْهُهُ وَ لَا إِلَهَ غَيْرُهُ تَعَالَى عَمَّا يَقُولُ الْجَاحِدُونَ وَ جَلَّ وَ عَظُمَ عَمَّا يَنْتَحِلُهُ الْمُلْحِدُونَ
Thus, in this there is clear evidence upon that the world is a creation by a determination and wisdom, and a system, and relevance; and that (there is a) Creator for it, the One, and He-azwj is the One Who Composed it, and Organised it, some of it to the other, Majestic is His-azwj Holiness, and Exalted is His-azwj Diligence, and Honourable is His-azwj Face, and there is no god apart from Him-azwj. Exalted is He-azwj from what the rejecters are saying, and More Majestic and Magnificent from what atheists are arrogating.
نَبْتَدِئُ يَا مُفَضَّلُ بِذِكْرِ خَلْقِ الْإِنْسَانِ فَاعْتَبِرْ بِهِ فَأَوَّلُ ذَلِكَ مَا يُدَبَّرُ بِهِ الْجَنِينُ فِي الرَّحِمِ وَ هُوَ مَحْجُوبٌ فِي ظُلُمَاتٍ ثَلَاثٍ ظُلْمَةِ الْبَطْنِ وَ ظُلْمَةِ الرَّحِمِ وَ ظُلْمَةِ الْمَشِيمَةِ حَيْثُ لَا حِيلَةَ عِنْدَهُ فِي طَلَبِ غِذَاءٍ وَ لَا دَفْعِ أَذًى وَ لَا اسْتِجْلَابِ مَنْفَعَةٍ وَ لَا دَفْعِ مَضَرَّةٍ
O Mufazzal! With the mention of the creation of the human being, take a lesson with it. The first of that what can be pondered with is the foetus in the womb, and it is veiled in three (layers of) darkness – a darkness of the belly, and a darkness of the womb, and a darkness of the placenta, where there is no means with it in seeking sustenance nor to dispel any discomfort, nor bring any benefits, nor repel any harm.
فَإِنَّهُ يَجْرِي إِلَيْهِ مِنْ دَمِ الْحَيْضِ مَا يَغْذُوهُ كَمَا يَغْذُو الْمَاءُ النَّبَاتَ فَلَا يَزَالُ ذَلِكَ غِذَاؤَهُ حَتَّى إِذَا كَمَلَ خَلْقُهُ وَ اسْتَحْكَمَ بَدَنُهُ وَ قَوِيَ أَدِيمُهُ عَلَى مُبَاشَرَةِ الْهَوَاءِ وَ بَصَرُهُ عَلَى مُلَاقَاةِ الضِّيَاءِ هَاجَ الطَّلْقُ بِأُمِّهِ فَأَزْعَجَهُ أَشَدَّ إِزْعَاجٍ وَ أَعْنَفَهُ حَتَّى يُولَدَ
So there flows to it from the blood of the menstruation, what provides it, just as the water provides the vegetation. That provision does not cease until when its creation is complete and its body is stronger, and its surface is strong enough to face the direct air, and its eyes upon meeting the light, agitated by being separated from its mother, and is uncomfortable with intense discomfort, and convolutes until it is born.
وَ إِذَا وُلِدَ صَرَفَ ذَلِكَ الدَّمَ الَّذِي كَانَ يَغْذُوهُ مِنْ دَمِ أُمِّهِ إِلَى ثَدْيَيْهَا فَانْقَلَبَ الطَّعْمُ وَ اللَّوْنُ إِلَى ضَرْبٍ آخَرَ مِنَ الْغِذَاءِ وَ هُوَ أَشَدُّ مُوَافَقَةً لِلْمَوْلُودِ مِنَ الدَّمِ فَيُوَافِيهِ فِي وَقْتِ حَاجَتِهِ إِلَيْهِ
And when it is born, that blood from the blood of its mother which used to nourish it, gets diverted to her breasts, and the taste and the colour changes to another variety of the provision, and becomes intensely compatible for the new born that the blood, and it suffices him in the time of its need to it.
فَحِينَ يُولَدُ قَدْ تَلَمَّظَ وَ حَرَّكَ شَفَتَيْهِ طَلَباً لِلرَّضَاعِ فَهُوَ يَجِدُ ثَدْيَيْ أُمِّهِ كَالْإِدَاوَتَيْنِ الْمُعَلَّقَتَيْنِ لِحَاجَتِهِ إِلَيْهِ فَلَا يَزَالُ يَغْتَذِي بِاللَّبَنِ مَا دَامَ رَطْبَ الْبَدَنِ رَقِيقَ الْأَمْعَاءِ لَيِّنَ الْأَعْضَاءِ حَتَّى إِذَا تَحَرَّكَ وَ احْتَاجَ إِلَى غِذَاءٍ فِيهِ صَلَابَةٌ لِيَشْتَدَّ وَ يَقْوَى بَدَنُهُ
When the new born trembles and moves its lips seeking the breast-feeding, he finds the breast of its mother like the two instruments (fruits) hanging for his need to it. So, he does not cease to be nourished with the milk for as he is of wet body, delicate intestines, soft limbs, until when he moves and is needy to a provision wherein is solidity for the intensity and strength of his body.
طَلَعَتْ لَهُ الطَّوَاحِنُ مِنَ الْأَسْنَانِ وَ الْأَضْرَاسِ لِيَمْضَغَ بِهِ الطَّعَامَ فَيَلِينَ عَلَيْهِ وَ يَسْهُلَ لَهُ إِسَاغَتُهُ فَلَا يَزَالُ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى يُدْرِكَ
There emerge for him the grinders from the teeth and the molars, for him to chew the food with it, and it is softened for him, and easier for him to absorb. He does not cease to be like that until he becomes aware (older).
فَإِذَا أَدْرَكَ وَ كَانَ ذَكَراً طَلَعَ الشَّعْرُ فِي وَجْهِهِ فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عَلَامَةَ الذَّكَرِ وَ عِزَّ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي يَخْرُجُ بِهِ مِنْ حَدِّ الصَّبَا وَ شِبْهِ النِّسَاءِ وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ أُنْثَى يَبْقَى وَجْهُهَا نَقِيّاً مِنَ الشَّعْرِ لِتَبْقَى لَهَا الْبَهْجَةُ وَ النَّضَارَةُ الَّتِي تُحَرِّكُ الرِّجَالَ لِمَا فِيهِ دَوَامُ النَّسْلِ وَ بَقَاؤُهُ
When he is older, and was a male, the hair emerges in his face, and that was a sing of the male, and an honour of the man which comes out with it from the limit of the child, and (from) resembling the women. And if it was a female, her face would remain pure from the hair, or the glory and the freshness to remain for her, which makes the man move to what is in it the permanence of the lineage and its remaining.
اعْتَبِرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ فِيمَا يُدَبَّرُ بِهِ الْإِنْسَانُ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَحْوَالِ الْمُخْتَلِفَةِ هَلْ تَرَى يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يَكُونَ بِالْإِهْمَالِ أَ فَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ لَمْ يَجْرِ إِلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ الدَّمُ وَ هُوَ فِي الرَّحِمِ أَ لَمْ يَكُنْ سَيَذْوِي وَ يَجِفُّ كَمَا يَجِفُّ النَّبَاتُ إِذَا فَقَدَ الْمَاءَ
Consider, O Mufazzal, regarding what the human being is regulated with in these various stages. Do you see any possibility that it would happen to be with the neglect (without planning)? Do you see, if that blood had not flowed to it, and he was in the womb, wouldn’t he be impeded and whither just as the plants whither when there is absence of water?
وَ لَوْ لَمْ يُزْعِجْهُ الْمَخَاضُ عِنْدَ اسْتِحْكَامِهِ أَ لَمْ يَكُنْ سَيَبْقَى فِي الرَّحِمِ كَالْمَوْءُودِ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَ لَوْ لَمْ يُوَافِقْهُ اللَّبَنُ مَعَ وِلَادَتِهِ أَ لَمْ يَكُنْ سَيَمُوتُ جُوعاً أَوْ يَغْتَذِي بِغِذَاءٍ لَا يُلَائِمُهُ وَ لَا يَصْلُحُ عَلَيْهِ بَدَنُهُ وَ لَوْ لَمْ تَطْلُعْ عَلَيْهِ الْأَسْنَانُ فِي وَقْتِهَا أَ لَمْ يَكُنْ سَيَمْتَنِعُ عَلَيْهِ مَضْغُ الطَّعَامِ وَ إِسَاغَتُهُ أَوْ يُقِيمُهُ عَلَى الرَّضَاعِ فَلَا يَشُدُّ بَدَنُهُ وَ لَا يَصْلُحُ لِعَمَلٍ ثُمَّ كَانَ تَشْتَغِلُ أُمُّهُ بِنَفْسِهِ عَنْ تَرْبِيَةِ غَيْرِهِ مِنَ الْأَوْلَادِ
And if, he does not get uncomfortable with labour when it is stronger, wouldn’t it happen to remain in the womb like the deposits inside the ground? And if the milk was not compatible with its birth, would it not just die of hunger, or be provided with food which is unsuitable for it and its body would not be correct upon it? And if the teeth do not emerge upon him during its time, wouldn’t he have been prevented upon chewing the food and swallowing it, or stay upon the breastfeeding, and his body would not have strengthened nor be correct for the work? Then his mother would have been too busy from bringing up her other children.
وَ لَوْ لَمْ يَخْرُجِ الشَّعْرُ فِي وَجْهِهِ فِي وَقْتِهِ أَ لَمْ يَكُنْ سَيَبْقَى فِي هَيْئَةِ الصِّبْيَانِ وَ النِّسَاءِ فَلَا تَرَى لَهُ جَلَالَةً وَ لَا وَقَاراً
And if the hair had not come out in his face during its time, would he not have remained upon the form of the children, and the women, and you have neither seen for him a majesty nor dignity?’
فَقَالَ الْمُفَضَّلُ فَقُلْتُ يَا مَوْلَايَ فَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ مَنْ يَبْقَى عَلَى حَالَتِهِ وَ لَا يَنْبُتُ الشَّعْرُ فِي وَجْهِهِ وَ إِنْ بَلَغَ حَالَ الْكِبَرِ
Al-Mufazzal said, ‘I said, ‘O my Master-asws! I have seen one who remain upon his state and the hair does not grow in his face, and even if he reaches the state of being old’.
فَقَالَ ذَلِكَ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَيْسَ بِظَلَّامٍ لِلْعَبِيدِ
He-asws said: ‘That is due to what their own hands have sent ahead, and that Allah is not in the least unjust to the servants [3:182].
فَمَنْ هَذَا الَّذِي يَرْصُدُهُ حَتَّى يُوَافِيَهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْمَآرِبِ إِلَّا الَّذِي أَنْشَأَهُ خَلْقاً بَعْدَ أَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ ثُمَّ تَوَكَّلَ لَهُ بِمَصْلَحَتِهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ كَانَ فَإِنْ كَانَ الْإِهْمَالُ يَأْتِي بِمِثْلِ هَذَا التَّدْبِيرِ فَقَدْ يَجِبُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْعَمْدُ وَ التَّقْدِيرُ يَأْتِيَانِ بِالْخَطَإِ وَ الْمُحَالِ لِأَنَّهُمَا ضِدُّ الْإِهْمَالِ وَ هَذَا فَظِيعٌ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ وَ جَهْلٌ مِنْ قَائِلِهِ لِأَنَّ الْإِهْمَالَ لَا يَأْتِي بِالصَّوَابِ وَ التَّضَادَّ لَا يَأْتِي بِالنِّظَامِ تَعَالَى اللَّهُ عَمَّا يَقُولُ الْمُلْحِدُونَ عُلُوّاً كَبِيراً
From this is which is observed until all things from these goals are achieved, except the One-azwj Who Grew the creation after it did not exist. Then, rely upon Him-azwj with His-azwj Purpose, after it has existed, for it is the neglect (without a plan), he (the atheist) should come with the like of this strategy. Thus, it is obligated that the deliberation and the determination happen to be with the errors and the impossibilities, because these two are contradictory to the neglect. And this is an exaggeration from the words and ignorance of the one saying it, because the neglect cannot come with the correctness, and the contradiction(s) are unsustainable within a (sound) system. Exalted is Allah-azwj from what the atheists are saying, Loftier, Greater.
وَ لَوْ كَانَ الْمَوْلُودُ يُولَدُ فَهِماً عَاقِلًا لَأَنْكَرَ الْعَالَمَ عِنْدَ وِلَادَتِهِ وَ لَبَقِيَ حَيْرَانَ تَائِهَ الْعَقْلِ إِذَا رَأَى مَا لَمْ يَعْرِفْ وَ وَرَدَ عَلَيْهِ مَا لَمْ يَرَ مِثْلَهُ مِنِ اخْتِلَافِ صُوَرِ الْعَالَمِ مِنَ الْبَهَائِمِ وَ الطَّيْرِ إِلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا يُشَاهِدُهُ سَاعَةً بَعْدَ سَاعَةٍ وَ يَوْماً بَعْدَ يَوْمٍ
And if the new born had been born with understanding, intellectual, he would have denied the world at its birth and would remain confused, of lost intellect, when he sees what he does not recognise which come to him, not having had seen the like of it from the different images of the world, from the animals, and the birds to other than that, from what he witnesses hour after hour, and day after day.
وَ اعْتَبِرْ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ مَنْ سُبِيَ مِنْ بَلَدٍ إِلَى بَلَدٍ وَ هُوَ عَاقِلٌ يَكُونُ كَالْوَالِهِ الْحَيْرَانِ فَلَا يُسْرِعُ فِي تَعَلُّمِ الْكَلَامِ وَ قَبُولِ الْأَدَبِ كَمَا يُسْرِعُ الَّذِي يُسْبَى صَغِيراً غَيْرَ عَاقِلٍ
And consider that with one who is a prisoner taken from a city to another city, and he is with intellect, he would be like one puzzled and perplexed. So, he (the old prisoner) would not be quick in learning the speech and accepting the education, just as the young prisoner would be, without intellect.
ثُمَّ لَوْ وُلِدَ عَاقِلًا كَانَ يَجِدُ غَضَاضَةً إِذَا رَأَى نَفْسَهُ مَحْمُولًا مُرْضَعاً مُعَصَّباً بِالْخِرَقِ مُسَجًّى فِي الْمَهْدِ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَسْتَغْنِي عَنْ هَذَا كُلِّهِ لِرِقَّةِ بَدَنِهِ وَ رُطُوبَتِهِ حِينَ يُولَدُ ثُمَّ كَانَ لَا يُوجَدُ لَهُ مِنَ الْحَلَاوَةِ وَ الْوَقْعِ مِنَ الْقُلُوبِ مَا يُوجَدُ لِلطِّفْلِ فَصَارَ يَخْرُجُ إِلَى الدُّنْيَا غَبِيّاً غَافِلًا عَمَّا فِيهِ أَهْلُهُ فَيَلْقَى الْأَشْيَاءَ بِذِهْنٍ ضَعِيفٍ وَ مَعْرِفَةٍ نَاقِصَةٍ
Then, if he had been born intellectual, he would find insulted when he sees himself being carried, breast-fed, wrapped with the clothes, lying down in the cradle, because he is not needless from all of this due to the fragility of his body and the wetness when he was born. Then, he would not find the sweetness for him and the occurrences in the hearts what the child finds, so he would go out into the world being stupid and heedless about what is therein from its people, so he would meet the things with a weak mind and with deficient understanding.
ثُمَّ لَا يَزَالُ يَتَزَايَدُ فِي الْمَعْرِفَةِ قَلِيلًا قَلِيلًا وَ شَيْئاً بَعْدَ شَيْءٍ وَ حَالًا بَعْدَ حَالٍ حَتَّى يَأْلَفَ الْأَشْيَاءَ وَ يَتَمَرَّنَ وَ يَسْتَمِرَّ عَلَيْهَا فَيَخْرُجَ مِنْ حَدِّ التَّأَمُّلِ لَهَا وَ الْحَيْرَةِ فِيهَا إِلَى التَّصَرُّفِ وَ الِاضْطِرَابِ إِلَى الْمَعَاشِ بِعَقْلِهِ وَ حِيلَتِهِ وَ إِلَى الِاعْتِبَارِ وَ الطَّاعَةِ وَ السَّهْوِ وَ الْغَفْلَةِ وَ الْمَعْصِيَةِ
Then he would not cease being increased in the understanding, little by little, and a thing after a thing, and a situation after a situation, until he is familiar with the things and continues upon them. He goes out from a limit of observation of it and the confusion regarding it, to the dispersing and the desperation to the livelihood with his intellect and his means, and to the learning of lessons, and the obedience, and the forgetfulness, and the heedlessness, and the disobedience.
وَ فِي هَذَا أَيْضاً وُجُوهٌ أُخَرُ فَإِنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ يُولَدُ تَامَّ الْعَقْلِ مُسْتَقِلًّا بِنَفْسِهِ لَذَهَبَ مَوْضِعُ حَلَاوَةِ تَرْبِيَةِ الْأَوْلَادِ وَ مَا قُدِّرَ أَنْ يَكُونَ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ فِي الِاشْتِغَالِ بِالْوَلَدِ مِنَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ وَ مَا يُوجِبُ تَرْبِيَةً لِلْآبَاءِ عَلَى الْأَبْنَاءِ مِنَ الْمُكَلَّفَاتِ بِالْبِرِّ وَ الْعَطْفِ عَلَيْهِمْ عِنْدَ حَاجَتِهِمْ إِلَى ذَلِكَ مِنْهُمْ
And in this as well, there is another aspect. If he had been born with complete intellect, independent with himself, the subject of the sweetness of the upbringing of the children would be gone, and it would not happen for the parents in their engagement with the child for its interests, and it would not obligate the upbringing for the parents upon the children from the educating with the righteousness, and the kindness upon them during their need to that from them.
ثُمَّ كَانَ الْأَوْلَادُ لَا يَأْلَفُونَ آبَاءَهُمْ وَ لَا يَأْلَفُ الْآبَاءُ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ لِأَنَّ الْأَوْلَادَ كَانُوا يَسْتَغْنُونَ عَنْ تَرْبِيَةِ الْآبَاءِ وَ حِيَاطَتِهِمْ فَيَتَفَرَّقُونَ عَنْهُمْ حِينَ يُولَدُونَ فَلَا يَعْرِفُ الرَّجُلُ أَبَاهُ وَ أُمَّهُ وَ لَا يَمْتَنِعُ مِنْ نِكَاحِ أُمِّهِ وَ أُخْتِهِ وَ ذَوَاتِ الْمَحَارِمِ مِنْهُ إِذَا كَانَ لَا يَعْرِفُهُنَّ
Then, the children would not be familiar with their parents nor would the parents be familiar with their children, because the children would have been needless from the upbringing of the parents and their protection. They would be separate from them when they are born, and the man would not recognise his father and his mother, not be prevented from marrying his own mother, and his sister, and the ones of sanctity from him when he does not recognise them.
وَ أَقَلُّ مَا فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْقَبَاحَةِ بَلْ هُوَ أَشْنَعُ وَ أَعْظَمُ وَ أَفْظَعُ وَ أَقْبَحُ وَ أَبْشَعُ لَوْ خَرَجَ الْمَوْلُودُ مِنْ بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ وَ هُوَ يَعْقِلُ أَنْ يَرَى مِنْهَا مَا لَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ وَ لَا يُحْسِنُ بِهِ أَنْ يَرَاهُ
And the least of the ugliness of what is in that – but, it is the most terrible, and most grievous, and the most horrible, and the ugliest, and the worst is – if the new born had come out from the belly of its mother and he is of intellect, he would see from her what is not Permissible for him, nor is it good with him that he sees it.
أَ فَلَا تَرَى كَيْفَ أُقِيمَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْخِلْقَةِ عَلَى غَايَةِ الصَّوَابِ وَ خَلَا مِنَ الْخَطَإِ دَقِيقُهُ وَ جَلِيلُهُ
Do you not see how upright everything from the creation is, being upon a peak of the correctness, and devoid of the errors, accurate and sublime?
اعْرِفْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ مَا لِلْأَطْفَالِ فِي الْبُكَاءِ مِنَ الْمَنْفَعَةِ وَ اعْلَمْ أَنَّ فِي أَدْمِغَةِ الْأَطْفَالِ رُطُوبَةً إِنْ بَقِيَتْ فِيهَا أَحْدَثَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ أَحْدَاثاً جَلِيلَةً وَ عِلَلًا عَظِيمَةً مِنْ ذَهَابِ الْبَصَرِ وَ غَيْرِهِ فَالْبُكَاءُ يُسِيلُ تِلْكَ الرُّطُوبَةَ مِنْ رُءُوسِهِمْ فَيُعْقِبُهُمْ ذَلِكَ الصِّحَّةَ فِي أَبْدَانِهِمْ وَ السَّلَامَةَ فِي أَبْصَارِهِمْ
Understand, O Mufazzal, what benefits there are for the children in their crying, and know that in the brain of the children there is a moisture, if it were to remain in these, a serious event would occur upon them, and a big illness, from the going away of the sight, and something else. The crying flows that moisture away from their heads, and that is followed by the health in their bodies, and the safety of their sights.
أَ فَلَيْسَ قَدْ جَازَ أَنْ يَكُونَ الطِّفْلُ يَنْتَفِعُ بِالْبُكَاءِ وَ وَالِدَاهُ لَا يَعْرِفَانِ ذَلِكَ فَهُمَا دَائِبَانِ لِيُسْكِتَاهُ وَ يَتَوَخَّيَانِ فِي الْأُمُورِ مَرْضَاتَهُ لِئَلَّا يَبْكِيَ وَ هُمَا لَا يَعْلَمَانِ أَنَّ الْبُكَاءَ أَصْلَحُ لَهُ وَ أَجْمَلُ عَاقِبَةً
Isn’t it allowed that the child would happen to be benefitting by the crying, and his parents do not understand that, so they go on to silence it and they are thinking of its pleasure not to let the baby cry, and both of them are not knowing that the crying is correct for him and of lovely consequences.
فَهَكَذَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْأَشْيَاءِ مَنَافِعُ لَا يَعْرِفُهَا الْقَائِلُونَ بِالْإِهْمَالِ وَ لَوْ عَرَفُوا ذَلِكَ لَمْ يَقْضُوا عَلَى الشَّيْءِ أَنَّهُ لَا مَنْفَعَةَ فِيهِ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُمْ لَا يَعْرِفُونَهُ وَ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ السَّبَبَ فِيهِ فَإِنَّ كُلَّ مَا لَا يَعْرِفُهُ الْمُنْكِرُونَ يَعْلَمُهُ الْعَارِفُونَ وَ كَثِيرٌ مِمَّا يَقْصُرُ عَنْهُ عِلْمُ الْمَخْلُوقِينَ مُحِيطٌ بِهِ عِلْمُ الْخَالِقِ جَلَّ قُدْسُهُ وَ عَلَتْ كَلِمَتُهُ
So, this is how it is allowed that there happen to be benefits in many things, the speakers are not understanding these with the negligence, and had they understood that, they would not decide upon the thing that there is no benefit in it, from the reason that they are not understanding it, nor are they knowing the reason of it, for everything what the deniers are not understanding, the understanding ones are knowing it, and a lot of what the knowledge of the creatures are deficient from it, the Knowledge of the Creator Encompasses it, Majestic is His-azwj Holiness, and Exalted is His-azwj Speech.
فَأَمَّا مَا يَسِيلُ مِنْ أَفْوَاهِ الْأَطْفَالِ مِنَ الرِّيقِ فَفِي ذَلِكَ خُرُوجُ الرُّطُوبَةِ الَّتِي لَوْ بَقِيَتْ فِي أَبْدَانِهِمْ لَأَحْدَثَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْأُمُورَ الْعَظِيمَةَ كَمَنْ تَرَاهُ قَدْ غَلَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ الرُّطُوبَةُ فَأَخْرَجَتْهُ إِلَى حَدِّ الْبَلَهِ وَ الْجُنُونِ وَ التَّخْلِيطِ إِلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْأَمْرَاضِ الْمُخْتَلِفَةِ كَالْفَالِجِ وَ اللَّقْوَةِ وَ مَا أَشْبَهَهُمَا
As for what flows from the mouth of the child from the saliva, it that is the exit of the wetness which, had it remained in their bodies, a grievous matter would have occurred upon them, like the one who sees that the wetness have overcome upon it, so he takes it out to its apparent limit, and the insanity and the weak intellect, to other than that from the different diseases, like the paralysis of the body and the paralysis of the face, and what resembles these.
فَجَعَلَ اللَّهُ تِلْكَ الرُّطُوبَةَ تَسِيلُ مِنْ أَفْوَاهِهِمْ فِي صِغَرِهِمْ لِمَا لَهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ الصِّحَّةِ فِي كِبَرِهِمْ فَتَفَضَّلَ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ بِمَا جَهِلُوهُ وَ نَظَرَ لَهُمْ بِمَا لَمْ يَعْرِفُوهُ وَ لَوْ عَرَفُوا نِعَمَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ لَشَغَلَهُمْ ذَلِكَ عَنِ التَّمَادِي فِي مَعْصِيَتِهِ فَسُبْحَانَهُ مَا أَجَلَّ نِعْمَتَهُ وَ أَسْبَغَهَا عَلَى الْمُسْتَحِقِّينَ وَ غَيْرِهِمْ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ وَ تَعَالَى عَمَّا يَقُولُ الْمُبْطِلُونَ عُلُوّاً كَبِيراً
Thus, Allah-azwj Makes that wetness to flow out from their mouths during their smallness, to what is healthy for them during their old age. He-azwj has Graced upon His-azwj creatures with what they are ignorant of, and Looks out for them with that they do not understand, and had they understood His-azwj Favour upon them, that would have pre-occupied them from deliberating to the acts of disobedience. Glorious is He-azwj! How Majestic are His-azwj Favours and His-azwj Bestowment upon the beneficiaries and others from His-azwj creatures, and Exalted is He-azwj from what the falsifiers are saying, Loftier, Greater.
انْظُرِ الْآنَ يَا مُفَضَّلُ كَيْفَ جُعِلَتْ آلَاتُ الْجِمَاعِ فِي الذَّكَرِ وَ الْأُنْثَى جَمِيعاً عَلَى مَا يُشَاكِلُ ذَلِكَ فَجُعِلَ لِلذَّكَرِ آلَةٌ نَاشِزَةٌ تَمْتَدُّ حَتَّى تَصِلَ النُّطْفَةُ إِلَى الرَّحِمِ إِذْ كَانَ مُحْتَاجاً إِلَى أَنْ يَقْذِفَ مَاءَهُ فِي غَيْرِهِ وَ خُلِقَ لِلْأُنْثَى وِعَاءٌ قَعِرٌ لِيَشْتَمِلَ عَلَى الْمَاءَيْنِ جَمِيعاً وَ يَحْتَمِلَ الْوَلَدَ وَ يَتَّسِعَ لَهُ وَ يَصُونَهُ حَتَّى يَسْتَحْكِمَ أَ لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ تَدْبِيرِ حَكِيمٍ لَطِيفٍ سُبْحَانَهُ وَ تَعَالَى عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ
Look now, O Mufazzal, how the tools of the copulation have been Made to be in the male and the female together upon what makes it to be that. He-azwj Made an arousing tool for the male, stretching until the sperm flows to the womb, when it is needy to eject its water into something else. And He-azwj Created for the female, a concave container to contain both the waters together, and carry the child and expands for it, and protects it until it is strong. Isn’t that from the Arrangement of the Wise, the Subtle? Glorious and Exalted is He-azwj from what they are associating.
فَكِّرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ فِي أَعْضَاءِ الْبَدَنِ أَجْمَعَ وَ تَدْبِيرِ كُلٍّ مِنْهَا لِلْإِرْبِ فَالْيَدَانِ لِلْعِلَاجِ وَ الرِّجْلَانِ لِلسَّعْيِ وَ الْعَيْنَانِ لِلِاهْتِدَاءِ وَ الْفَمُ لِلِاغْتِذَاءِ وَ الْمَعِدَةُ لِلْهَضْمِ وَ الْكَبِدُ لِلتَّخْلِيصِ وَ الْمَنَافِذُ لِتَنْفِيذِ الْفُضُولِ وَ الْأَوْعِيَةُ لِحَمْلِهَا وَ الْفَرْجُ لِإِقَامَةِ النَّسْلِ وَ كَذَلِكَ جَمِيعُ الْأَعْضَاءِ إِذَا تَأَمَّلْتَهَا وَ أَعْمَلْتَ فِكْرَكَ فِيهَا وَ نَظَرَكَ وَجَدْتَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ مِنْهَا قَدْ قُدِّرَ لِشَيْءٍ عَلَى صَوَابٍ وَ حِكْمَةٍ
Think, O Mufazzal, regarding the parts of the body together and the arrangement of each of these for the purpose. The hands are for the work, and the legs are for the walking, and the eyes are for the guidance, and the mouth is for the feeding, and the stomach is for the digesting, and the liver is for the purifying, and the port is for the excretion of the excess, and the receptacles are for carrying it, and the private parts for establishing the lineages. And, similar to that are the entirety of the body parts, when you contemplate on it and concentrate your thoughts regarding these, and you look, you would find all things from these to have been determined for a thing, upon correctness and wisdom’.
قَالَ الْمُفَضَّلُ فَقُلْتُ يَا مَوْلَايَ إِنَّ قَوْماً يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ هَذَا مِنْ فِعْلِ الطَّبِيعَةِ
Al-Mufazzal said, ‘I said, ‘O my Master-asws! There are people who are alleging that this is from the work of nature’.
فَقَالَ سَلْهُمْ عَنْ هَذِهِ الطَّبِيعَةِ أَ هِيَ شَيْءٌ لَهُ عِلْمٌ وَ قُدْرَةٌ عَلَى مِثْلِ هَذِهِ الْأَفْعَالِ أَمْ لَيْسَتْ كَذَلِكَ فَإِنْ أَوْجَبُوا لَهَا الْعِلْمَ وَ الْقُدْرَةَ فَمَا يَمْنَعُهُمْ مِنْ إِثْبَاتِ الْخَالِقِ فَإِنَّ هَذِهِ صَنْعَتُهُ وَ إِنْ زَعَمُوا أَنَّهَا تَفْعَلُ هَذِهِ الْأَفْعَالَ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَ لَا عَمْدٍ وَ كَانَ فِي أَفْعَالِهَا مَا قَدْ تَرَاهُ مِنَ الصَّوَابِ وَ الْحِكْمَةِ عُلِمَ أَنَّ هَذَا الْفِعْلَ لِلْخَالِقِ الْحَكِيمِ وَ أَنَّ الَّذِي سَمَّوْهُ طَبِيعَةً هُوَ سُنَّةٌ فِي خَلْقِهِ الْجَارِيَةُ عَلَى مَا أَجْرَاهَا عَلَيْهِ
He-asws said: ‘Ask them about this nature. Is it something having knowledge and power for it upon the likes of these deeds, or it isn’t like that? If they answer that for it is that knowledge and the power, then what prevents them from proving the Creator? For this is His-azwj Making. And if they claim that it (nature) did these deeds without knowledge of deliberation, and in its deeds is what you have seen from the correctness and the wisdom, know that this is the deed of the Creator, and that which they have named it as nature, it is a manner in His-azwj creation, flowing upon what it flows upon.
فَكِّرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ فِي وُصُولِ الْغِذَاءِ إِلَى الْبَدَنِ وَ مَا فِيهِ مِنَ التَّدْبِيرِ فَإِنَّ الطَّعَامَ يَصِيرُ إِلَى الْمَعِدَةِ فَتَطْبُخُهُ وَ تَبْعَثُ بِصَفْوِهِ إِلَى الْكَبِدِ فِي عُرُوقٍ رِقَاقٍ وَاشِجَةٍ بَيْنَهَا قَدْ جُعِلَتْ كَالْمُصَفِّي لِلْغِذَاءِ لِكَيْلَا يَصِلَ إِلَى الْكَبِدِ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ فَيَنْكَأَهَا وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْكَبِدَ رَقِيقَةٌ لَا تَحْتَمِلُ الْعُنْفَ
Think, O Mufazzal, regarding the arrival of the provision to the body, and what arrangement there is in it, for the meal travels to the stomach and it cooks (digests) it, and sends its clean (part) to the liver in delicate veins and the load between it has been Made to be like the cleanser of the meal, lest something from it would arrive to the liver and knock it down, and that is because the liver is delicate, it cannot tolerate the force.
ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْكَبِدَ تَقْبَلُهُ فَيَسْتَحِيلُ بِلُطْفِ التَّدْبِيرِ دَماً وَ يَنْفُذُ إِلَى الْبَدَنِ كُلِّهِ فِي مَجَارِيَ مُهَيَّأَةٍ لِذَلِكَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْمَجَارِي الَّتِي تُهَيَّأُ لِلْمَاءِ حَتَّى يَطَّرِدَ فِي الْأَرْضِ كُلِّهَا وَ يَنْفُذُ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ مِنَ الْخَبَثِ وَ الْفُضُولِ إِلَى مَفَايِضَ قَدْ أُعِدَّتْ لِذَلِكَ
Then, the liver accepts it and releases it with subtle arrangement, as blood, and implements it to the whole body in a flow prepared for that, at the status of the flow which is prepared for the water until it is dislodged in the land, all of it, and implements what comes out from it, from the waste and the excess, to a place which has been prepared for that.
فَمَا كَانَ مِنْهُ مِنْ جِنْسِ الْمِرَّةِ الصَّفْرَاءِ جَرَى إِلَى الْمَرَارَةِ وَ مَا كَانَ مِنْ جِنْسِ السَّوْدَاءِ جَرَى إِلَى الطِّحَالِ وَ مَا كَانَ مِنَ الْبِلَّةِ وَ الرُّطُوبَةِ جَرَى إِلَى الْمَثَانَةِ فَتَأَمَّلْ حِكْمَةَ التَّدْبِيرِ فِي تَرْكِيبِ الْبَدَنِ وَ وَضْعِ هَذِهِ الْأَعْضَاءِ مِنْهُ مَوَاضِعَهَا وَ إِعْدَادِ هَذِهِ الْأَوْعِيَةِ فِيهِ لِتَحْمِلَ تِلْكَ الْفُضُولَ لِئَلَّا تَنْتَشِرَ فِي الْبَدَنِ فَتُسْقِمَهُ وَ تَنْهَكَهُ فَتَبَارَكَ مَنْ أَحْسَنَ التَّقْدِيرَ وَ أَحْكَمَ التَّدْبِيرَ وَ لَهُ الْحَمْدُ كَمَا هُوَ أَهْلُهُ وَ مُسْتَحِقُّهُ
So, whatever was from the genus of yellow, bitter, flows to the gall bladder, and whatever was from the genus of the blackness, flows to the spleen, and whatever was from the urine and the moisture flows to the bladder. Contemplate on the wisdom of the arrangement in the structure of the body, and the placing of these body parts in their places, and the preparation of these vessels in which these waste products are carried, lest they are dispersed in the body and make it sick and violate it (correctness). Blessed is the One-azwj of excellent Determination, and of Wise Determination, and for Him-azwj is the Praise as He-azwj is rightful of, and deserving of it’.
قَالَ الْمُفَضَّلُ فَقُلْتُ صِفْ نُشُوءَ الْأَبْدَانِ وَ نُمُوَّهَا حَالًا بَعْدَ حَالٍ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ التَّمَامَ وَ الْكَمَالَ
Al-Mufazzal (said), ‘I said, ‘Describe the creation of the bodies and its growth, state after state, until it reaches the completion and perfection’.
فَقَالَ ع أَوَّلُ ذَلِكَ تَصْوِيرُ الْجَنِينِ فِي الرَّحِمِ حَيْثُ لَا تَرَاهُ عَيْنٌ وَ لَا تَنَالُهُ يَدٌ وَ يُدَبِّرُهُ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ سَوِيّاً مُسْتَوْفِياً جَمِيعَ مَا فِيهِ قِوَامُهُ وَ صَلَاحُهُ مِنَ الْأَحْشَاءِ وَ الْجَوَارِحِ وَ الْعَوَامِلِ إِلَى مَا فِي تَرْكِيبِ أَعْضَائِهِ مِنَ الْعِظَامِ وَ اللَّحْمِ وَ الشَّحْمِ وَ الْمُخِّ وَ الْعَصَبِ وَ الْعُرُوقِ وَ الْغَضَارِيفِ
He-asws said: ‘The first of that is the formation of the foetus in the womb where neither can an eye see it, nor can a hand reach it, and it is managed until it comes out complete, fully with the entirety of what is in it for its uprightness, and its interests, from the intestines, and the limbs, and the factors to what is in the composition of its body parts, from the bones, and the flesh, and the fat, and the brain, and the nerves, and the veins, and the cartilages.
فَإِذَا خَرَجَ إِلَى الْعَالَمِ تَرَاهُ كَيْفَ يَنْمِي بِجَمِيعِ أَعْضَائِهِ وَ هُوَ ثَابِتٌ عَلَى شَكْلٍ وَ هَيْئَةٍ لَا تَتَزَايَدُ وَ لَا تَنْقُصُ إِلَى أَنْ يَبْلُغَ أَشُدَّهُ إِنْ مُدَّ فِي عُمُرِهِ أَوْ يَسْتَوْفِيَ مُدَّتَهُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ هَلْ هَذَا إِلَّا مِنْ لَطِيفِ التَّدْبِيرِ وَ الْحِكْمَةِ
When it comes out to the world, you see how it has been Favoured with the entirety of its body parts, and he is affirmed upon a shape and body, neither increased nor reduced, up to he reaches his strength, a term from his term, or his term expires before that. Is that, except from a subtle arrangement, and the Wisdom?’
يَا مُفَضَّلُ انْظُرْ إِلَى مَا خُصَّ بِهِ الْإِنْسَانُ فِي خَلْقِهِ تَشْرِيفاً وَ تَفْضِيلًا عَلَى الْبَهَائِمِ فَإِنَّهُ خُلِقَ يَنْتَصِبُ قَائِماً وَ يَسْتَوِي جَالِساً لِيَسْتَقْبِلَ الْأَشْيَاءَ بِيَدَيْهِ وَ جَوَارِحِهِ وَ يُمْكِنَهُ الْعِلَاجُ وَ الْعَمَلُ بِهِمَا فَلَوْ كَانَ مَكْبُوباً عَلَى وَجْهِهِ كَذَاتِ الْأَرْبَعِ لَمَا اسْتَطَاعَ أَنْ يَعْمَلَ شَيْئاً مِنَ الْأَعْمَالِ
O Mufazzal! Look at what the human being has been Specialised with in his creation, nobility and merit upon the animals, for he is a creature established upright, and sits evenly it order to face the things with his hands and his limbs, and it enables him for the treatment and the work with these. If he had been upside down upon his face, like those quadrupeds, he would not have been able to do anything from the deeds.
انْظُرِ الْآنَ يَا مُفَضَّلُ إِلَى هَذِهِ الْحَوَاسِّ الَّتِي خُصَّ بِهَا الْإِنْسَانُ فِي خَلْقِهِ وَ شُرِّفَ بِهَا عَلَى غَيْرِهِ كَيْفَ جُعِلَتِ الْعَيْنَانِ فِي الرَّأْسِ كَالْمَصَابِيحِ فَوْقَ الْمَنَارَةِ لِيَتَمَكَّنَ مِنَ مُطَالَعَةِ الْأَشْيَاءِ وَ لَمْ تُجْعَلْ فِي الْأَعْضَاءِ الَّتِي تَحْتَهُنَّ كَالْيَدَيْنِ وَ الرِّجْلَيْنِ فَتَعْرِضَهَا الْآفَاتُ وَ تُصِيبَهَا مِنْ مُبَاشَرَةِ الْعَمَلِ وَ الْحَرَكَةِ مَا يُعَلِّلُهَا وَ يُؤَثِّرُ فِيهَا وَ يَنْقُصُ مِنْهَا وَ لَا فِي الْأَعْضَاءِ الَّتِي وَسَطَ الْبَدَنِ كَالْبَطْنِ وَ الظَّهْرِ فَيَعْسُرَ تَقَلُّبُهَا وَ اطِّلَاعُهَا نَحْوَ الْأَشْيَاءِ
Look now, O Mufazzal, to the senses which the human being has been Specialised with in his creation, and Ennobled with upon others. How the eyes have been made to be in the head like the two lamps above the minaret, in order to enable to notice the things, and these were not Made to be in the limbs which are under these, like the hands, and the legs, so they would be exposed to the afflictions and be hurt by the direct actions and the movement what would affect these and its sight would be reduced from these, nor in the body parts which are in the middle of the body, like the belly, and the back, so it would be difficult for him to turn around and notice the nearby things.
فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَعْضَاءِ مَوْضِعٌ كَانَ الرَّأْسُ أَسْنَى الْمَوَاضِعِ لِلْحَوَاسِّ وَ هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الصَّوْمَعَةِ لَهَا فَجُعِلَ الْحَوَاسُّ خَمْساً تَلْقَى خَمْساً لِكَيْ لَا يَفُوتَهَا شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْمَحْسُوسَاتِ فَخُلِقَ الْبَصَرُ لِيُدْرِكَ الْأَلْوَانَ فَلَوْ كَانَتِ الْأَلْوَانُ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَصَرٌ يُدْرِكُهَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَنْفَعَةٌ فِيهَا
When there does not happen to be for these (eyes) a place from these body parts, the head would be the best of the places for the senses, and it would be at the status of the monastery for it. Thus, the five senses have been Made to obtain five, lest nothing would be lost from the sensing. The sight has been Created to realise the colour, and if the colours were not perceived by the sight, there would not be any benefit in these.
وَ خُلِقَ السَّمْعُ لِيُدْرِكَ الْأَصْوَاتَ فَلَوْ كَانَتِ الْأَصْوَاتُ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ سَمْعٌ يُدْرِكُهَا لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهَا إِرْبٌ وَ كَذَلِكَ سَائِرُ الْحَوَاسِّ ثُمَّ هَذَا يَرْجِعُ مُتَكَافِئاً فَلَوْ كَانَ بَصَرٌ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَلْوَانٌ لَمَا كَانَ لِلْبَصَرِ مَعْنًى وَ لَوْ كَانَ سَمْعٌ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَصْوَاتٌ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلسَّمْعِ مَوْضِعٌ
And the sky has been Created to realise the sounds, and if the sounds could not be realised by the hearing, there would not be any need in these. And similar to that are the rest of the senses. Then this returns sufficiently. If there was sight and the colours were not there, there would not have been any meaning for the sight; and if the hearing was there and there did not happen to be any sounds, there would not have been any place for the hearing.
فَانْظُرْ كَيْفَ قَدَّرَ بَعْضَهَا يَلْقَى بَعْضاً فَجَعَلَ لِكُلِّ حَاسَّةٍ مَحْسُوساً يَعْمَلُ فِيهِ وَ لِكُلِّ مَحْسُوسٍ حَاسَّةً تُدْرِكُهُ وَ مَعَ هَذَا فَقَدْ جُعِلَتْ أَشْيَاءُ مُتَوَسِّطَةً بَيْنَ الْحَوَاسِّ وَ الْمَحْسُوسَاتِ لَا يَتِمُّ الْحَوَاسُّ إِلَّا بِهَا كَمَثَلِ الضِّيَاءِ وَ الْهَوَاءِ فَإِنَّهُ لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ ضِيَاءٌ يُظْهِرُ اللَّوْنَ لِلْبَصَرِ لَمْ يَكُنِ الْبَصَرُ يُدْرِكُ اللَّوْنَ
Therefore, look at how the measure of some of it is facing the other, between the sensory organ and the sensation. The sensory organ cannot be complete except by these, like an example of the illumination, and the air, for if there did not happen to be any illumination manifesting the colours for the sight, the sight would not have realised the colour.
وَ لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ هَوَاءٌ يُؤَدِّي الصَّوْتَ إِلَى السَّمْعِ لَمْ يَكُنِ السَّمْعُ يُدْرِكُ الصَّوْتَ فَهَلْ يَخْفَى عَلَى مَنْ صَحَّ نَظَرُهُ وَ أَعْمَلَ فِكْرَهُ أَنَّ مِثْلَ هَذَا الَّذِي وَصَفْتُ مِنْ تَهْيِئَةِ الْحَوَاسِّ وَ الْمَحْسُوسَاتِ بَعْضُهَا يَلْقَى بَعْضاً وَ تَهْيِئَةِ أَشْيَاءَ أُخَرَ بِهَا تَتِمُّ الْحَوَاسُّ لَا يَكُونُ إِلَّا بِعَمْدٍ وَ تَقْدِيرٍ مِنْ لَطِيفٍ خَبِيرٍ
And if the air would not deliver the sound to the hearing, the hearing would not have realised the sound. It is hidden upon the one of healthy sight, and functional, though that the likes of this which I-asws have described, from the formation of the senses and the sensations, some of it linked with others, and formation of the other things with these, the senses are complete, cannot happen except with deliberation and the determination from a Subtle, Aware?’
فَكِّرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ فِيمَنْ عَدِمَ الْبَصَرَ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَ مَا يَنَالُهُ مِنَ الْخَلَلِ فِي أُمُورِهِ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَعْرِفُ مَوْضِعَ قَدَمِهِ وَ لَا يُبْصِرُ مَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَلَا يَفْرُقُ بَيْنَ الْأَلْوَانِ وَ بَيْنَ الْمَنْظَرِ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْقَبِيحِ وَ لَا يَرَى حُفْرَةً إِنْ هَجَمَ عَلَيْهَا وَ لَا عَدُوّاً إِنْ أَهْوَى إِلَيْهِ بِسَيْفٍ وَ لَا يَكُونُ لَهُ سَبِيلٌ إِلَى أَنْ يَعْمَلَ شَيْئاً مِنْ هَذِهِ الصِّنَاعَاتِ مِثْلِ الْكِتَابَةِ وَ التِّجَارَةِ وَ الصِّيَاغَةِ حَتَّى إِنَّهُ لَوْ لَا نَفَاذُ ذِهْنِهِ لَكَانَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْحَجَرِ الْمُلْقَى
Think, O Mufazzal, regarding one from the people who has lack of sight, and what he faces from the impediments in his affairs, for he cannot recognise the place of his own feet, nor does he see what is in front of him, nor can he differentiate between the colours, and between the good scenery and the ugly, nor does he see a hole if he comes upon it, nor an enemy who comes to him with a sword, nor can there happen to be a way for him to doing something from these works, like the writing, and the business, and the goldsmithing, to the extent that if he does not implement his mind, he would be at the status of the rock thrown away.
وَ كَذَلِكَ مَنْ عَدِمَ السَّمْعَ يَخْتَلُّ فِي أُمُورٍ كَثِيرَةٍ فَإِنَّهُ يَفْقِدُ رَوْحَ الْمُخَاطَبَةِ وَ الْمُحَاوَرَةِ وَ يَعْدَمُ لَذَّةَ الْأَصْوَاتِ وَ اللُّحُونِ الشَّجِيَّةِ [وَ] الْمُطْرِبَةِ وَ يُعْظِمُ الْمَئُونَةَ عَلَى النَّاسِ فِي مُحَاوَرَتِهِ حَتَّى يَتَبَرَّمُوا بِهِ وَ لَا يَسْمَعُ شَيْئاً مِنْ أَخْبَارِ النَّاسِ وَ أَحَادِيثِهِمْ حَتَّى يَكُونُ كَالْغَائِبِ وَ هُوَ شَاهِدٌ أَوْ كَالْمَيِّتِ وَ هُوَ حَيٌّ
And similar to that is one who has lack of hearing. He gets confused in many matters, for he has lost the spirit of the address and the dialogue, and he lacks the pleasure of the sounds and the tones with the singing winds, and reveres the support for the dialogue with the people, until they get bored and angry with, and he cannot hear the news of the people and their discussion, until he becomes like the absentee although he is present, or like the dead although he is alive.
فَأَمَّا مَنْ عَدِمَ الْعَقْلَ فَإِنَّهُ يُلْحَقُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْبَهَائِمِ بَلْ يَجْهَلُ كَثِيراً مِمَّا يَهْتَدِي إِلَيْهِ الْبَهَائِمُ أَ فَلَا تَرَى كَيْفَ صَارَتِ الْجَوَارِحُ وَ الْعَقْلُ وَ سَائِرُ الْخِلَالِ الَّتِي بِهَا صَلَاحُ الْإِنْسَانِ وَ الَّتِي لَوْ فَقَدَ مِنْهَا شَيْئاً لَعَظُمَ مَا يَنَالُهُ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْخَلَلِ يُوَافِي خِلْقَةً عَلَى التَّمَامِ حَتَّى لَا يَفْقِدَ شَيْئاً مِنْهَا فَلِمَ كَانَ كَذَلِكَ إِلَّا لِأَنَّهُ خُلِقَ بِعِلْمٍ وَ تَقْدِيرٍ
As for one with lack of intellect, so he is attached to the status of the beasts, but he is ignorant of many things from what the beasts are guided to. Do you not see how the body parts and the intellect and the rest of the traits by which the human being can be correct, and which, if he were to lose something from these, he would be determined to attain it, regarding that from the traits to be in accordance with the complete creation, until nothing is lost from these? So, why is he like that except that he has been Created with knowledge and discretion?
قَالَ الْمُفَضَّلُ فَقُلْتُ فَلِمَ صَارَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ يَفْقِدُ شَيْئاً مِنْ هَذِهِ الْجَوَارِحِ فَيَنَالُهُ فِي ذَلِكَ مِثْلُ مَا وَصَفْتَهُ يَا مَوْلَايَ
Al-Mufazzal said, ‘I said, ‘So why did some of the people come to be losing something from these limbs, so he could get it regarding that, the like of what you-asws described, O my Master-asws?’
قَالَ ع ذَلِكَ لِلتَّأْدِيبِ وَ الْمَوْعِظَةِ لِمَنْ يَحِلُّ ذَلِكَ بِهِ وَ لِغَيْرِهِ بِسَبَبِهِ كَمَا قَدْ يُؤَدِّبُ الْمُلُوكُ النَّاسَ لِلتَّنْكِيلِ وَ الْمَوْعِظَةِ فَلَا يُنْكَرُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ بَلْ يُحْمَدُ مِنْ رَأْيِهِمْ وَ يُصَوَّبُ مِنْ تَدْبِيرِهِمْ ثُمَّ لِلَّذِينَ يَنْزِلُ بِهِمْ هَذِهِ الْبَلَايَا مِنَ الثَّوَابِ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ إِنْ شَكَرُوا وَ أَنَابُوا مَا يَسْتَصْغِرُونَ مَعَهُ مَا يَنَالُهُمْ مِنْهَا حَتَّى إِنَّهُمْ لَوْ خُيِّرُوا بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ لَاخْتَارُوا أَنْ يُرَدُّوا إِلَى الْبَلَايَا لِيَزْدَادُوا مِنَ الثَّوَابِ
He-asws said: ‘That is for the discipline and the preaching for one to justify that with him, and for others by his reason, just as the disciplining by the king of the people for the teaching a lesson and the preaching, so he does not deny that upon them, but he is praised by the one sees them and the correction of their management. Then those afflictions which descended with them, resulted in the Rewards after death if they were thankful and were frequently belittling with Him-azwj what He-azwj had Given them from these, to the extent that, if they had the choice after death, they would choose to return to the affliction, in order to get an increase from the rewards.
فَكِّرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ فِي الْأَعْضَاءِ الَّتِي خُلِقَتْ أَفْرَاداً وَ أَزْوَاجاً وَ مَا فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْحِكْمَةِ وَ التَّقْدِيرِ وَ الصَّوَابِ فِي التَّدْبِيرِ فَالرَّأْسُ مِمَّا خُلِقَ فَرْداً وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْإِنْسَانِ صَلَاحٌ فِي أَنْ يَكُونَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ وَاحِدٍ
Think, O Mufazzal, regarding the body, which have been Created as individual and as pairs, what is in that from the wisdom and the determination, and the correct arrangement. The head is from what is Created as individual, and the correct cannot happen to be for the human being if there happens to be more than one.
أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّهُ لَوْ أُضِيفَ إِلَى رَأْسِ الْإِنْسَانِ رَأْسٌ آخَرُ لَكَانَ ثِقْلًا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ حَاجَةٍ إِلَيْهِ لِأَنَّ الْحَوَاسَّ الَّتِي يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهَا مُجْتَمِعَةٌ فِي رَأْسٍ وَاحِدٍ ثُمَّ كَانَ الْإِنْسَانُ يَنْقَسِمُ قِسْمَيْنِ لَوْ كَانَ لَهُ رَأْسَانِ
Do you not see that if another head is added to the head of the human being, it would be heavy upon him from without there being a need to it, because the senses which he is needy of are all gathered in one head. Then the human being would be divided into two parts if there were two heads for him.
فَإِنْ تَكَلَّمَ مِنْ أَحَدِهِمَا كَانَ الْآخَرُ مُعَطَّلًا لَا إِرْبَ فِيهِ وَ لَا حَاجَةَ إِلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ تَكَلَّمَ مِنْهُمَا جَمِيعاً بِكَلَامٍ وَاحِدٍ كَانَ أَحَدُهُمَا فَضْلًا لَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ تَكَلَّمَ بِأَحَدِهِمَا بِغَيْرِ الَّذِي تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ مِنَ الْآخَرِ لَمْ يَدْرِ السَّامِعُ بِأَيِّ ذَلِكَ يَأْخُذُ وَ أَشْبَاهُ هَذَا مِنَ الْأَخْلَاطِ
So, if he were to speak from one of them, the other would be irrelevant, there being neither a reason for it nor any need to it. And if he were to speak from both of these together with one speech, one of these would be extra, there being no need to it. And if he were to speak with one of them with other than the speech which the other one speaks with, the listener would not know with which he should take to, and other such things from the mix-ups.
وَ الْيَدَانِ مِمَّا خُلِقَ أَزْوَاجاً وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْإِنْسَانِ خَيْرٌ فِي أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ يَدٌ وَاحِدَةٌ لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ يُخِلُّ بِهِ فِيمَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى مُعَالَجَتِهِ مِنَ الْأَشْيَاءِ أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّ النَّجَّارَ وَ الْبَنَّاءَ لَوْ شَلَّتْ إِحْدَى يَدَيْهِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يُعَالِجَ صِنَاعَتَهُ وَ إِنْ تَكَلَّفَ ذَلِكَ لَمْ يُحْكِمْهُ وَ لَمْ يَبْلُغْ مِنْهُ مَا يَبْلُغُهُ إِذَا كَانَتْ لَهُ يَدَانِ يَتَعَاوَنَانِ عَلَى الْعَمَلِ
And the two hands are from what has been Created as pairs, and it would not happen to be good if there happens to be one hand for him, because that would be a hindrance for him regarding what he would be needy to handle the things. Do you not see that if the carpenter and the builder were to cripple one hand, would not be able to handle his world, and if he were to undertake that, it would not be administered and would not reach with it what he would have otherwise reached if there were two hands for him, assisting each other upon the work.
أَطِلِ الْفِكْرَ يَا مُفَضَّلُ فِي الصَّوْتِ وَ الْكَلَامِ وَ تَهْيِئَةِ آلَاتِهِ فِي الْإِنْسَانِ فَالْحَنْجَرَةُ كَالْأُنْبُوبَةِ لِخُرُوجِ الصَّوْتِ وَ اللِّسَانُ وَ الشَّفَتَانِ وَ الْأَسْنَانُ لِصِيَاغَةِ الْحُرُوفِ وَ النَّغْمِ أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّ مَنْ سَقَطَتْ أَسْنَانُهُ لَمْ يُقِمِ السِّينَ وَ مَنْ سَقَطَتْ شَفَتُهُ لَمْ يُصَحِّحِ الْفَاءَ وَ مَنْ ثَقُلَ لِسَانُهُ لَمْ يُفْصِحِ الرَّاءَ وَ أَشْبَهُ شَيْءٍ بِذَلِكَ الْمِزْمَارُ الْأَعْظَمُ
Stretch the thinking, O Mufazzal, regarding the sounds and the speech, and the preparation of the tools in the human being. The throat is like the tube for the voice to come out, and the tongue, and the lips and the teeth for formulating the letters and the sounds. Do you not see that the one whose teeth fall off cannot pronounce the (letter) ‘Seen’, and one whose lips fall off cannot be correct with the (letter) ‘FA’, and one whose tongue is heavy cannot be eloquence with the (letter) ‘RA’, and it resembles with that, the great flute?
فَالْحَنْجَرَةُ يُشْبِهُ قَصَبَةَ الْمِزْمَارِ وَ الرِّئَةُ يُشْبِهُ الزِّقَّ الَّذِي يُنْفَخُ فِيهِ لِتَدْخُلَ الرِّيحُ وَ الْعَضَلَاتُ الَّتِي تَقْبِضُ عَلَى الرِّئَةِ لِيَخْرُجَ الصَّوْتُ كَالْأَصَابِعِ الَّتِي تَقْبِضُ عَلَى الزِّقِّ حَتَّى تَجْرِيَ الرِّيحُ فِي الْمِزْمَارِ
The throat is resembled by the rod of a flute, and the mouth is resembled by the mouth (of the flute) in which the wind is blown, and the muscles that hold the lung to bring out the voice are like the fingers which grab upon the holes until the wind flows in the flute.
وَ الشَّفَتَانِ وَ الْأَسْنَانُ الَّتِي تَصُوغُ الصَّوْتَ حُرُوفاً وَ نَغْماً كَالْأَصَابِعِ الَّتِي يَخْتَلِفُ فِي فَمِ الْمِزْمَارِ فَتَصُوغُ صَفِيرَهُ أَلْحَاناً غَيْرُ أَنَّهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ مَخْرَجُ الصَّوْتِ يُشْبِهُ الْمِزْمَارَ بِالدَّلَالَةِ وَ التَّعْرِيفِ فَإِنَّ الْمِزْمَارَ بِالْحَقِيقَةِ هُوَ الْمُشَبَّهُ بِمَخْرَجِ الصَّوْتِ
And the lips and the teeth which formulate the voice of letters and songs are like the fingers which alternate in a mouth of the flute, like the formulation of selectable melodies, apart from that if the exit of the voice resembles the flute with the evidence, and the introduction, so the flute in reality, it resembles the exit of the voice (in the human being).
قَدْ أَنْبَأْتُكَ بِمَا فِي الْأَعْضَاءِ مِنَ الْغِنَاءِ فِي صَنْعَةِ الْكَلَامِ وَ إِقَامَةِ الْحُرُوفِ وَ فِيهَا مَعَ الَّذِي ذَكَرْتُ لَكَ مَآرِبُ أُخْرَى فَالْحَنْجَرَةُ لِيُسْلَكَ فِيهَا هَذَا النَّسِيمُ إِلَى الرِّئَةِ فَتَرَوَّحَ عَلَى الْفُؤَادِ بِالنَّفَسِ الدَّائِمِ الْمُتَتَابِعِ الَّذِي لَوِ احْتَبَسَ شَيْئاً يَسِيراً لَهَلَكَ الْإِنْسَانُ
I-asws have informed you with what is in the body parts, from the songs in the making of the speech, and establishing the letters, and therein, along with that which I-asws mentioned to you, are other uses. The throat, for this gentle breeze to travel though it to the running through, going to the heart with the perpetual breaths, the consecutive, which if something small was withheld, would destroy the human being.
وَ بِاللِّسَانِ تُذَاقُ الطُّعُومُ فَيُمَيِّزُ بَيْنَهَا وَ يَعْرِفُ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهَا حُلْوَهَا مِنْ مُرِّهَا وَ حَامِضَهَا مِنْ مُزِّهَا وَ مَالِحَهَا مِنْ عَذْبِهَا وَ طَيِّبَهَا مِنْ خَبِيثِهَا وَ فِيهِ مَعَ ذَلِكَ مَعُونَةٌ عَلَى إِسَاغَةِ الطَّعَامِ وَ الشَّرَابِ
And with the tongue he tastes the foods, and he discerns between these and recognises every one of these, its sweetness from its bitterness, and its sourness from its acidity, and its saltiness from its freshness, and its good from its bad, and in it, along with that, is an assistance upon absorption of the food and the drink.
وَ الْأَسْنَانُ تَمْضَغُ الطَّعَامَ حَتَّى تُلِينَ وَ يَسْهُلَ إِسَاغَتُهُ وَ هِيَ مَعَ ذَلِكَ كَالسَّنَدِ لِلشَّفَتَيْنِ تُمْسِكُهُمَا وَ تَدْعَمُهُمَا مِنْ دَاخِلِ الْفَمِ وَ اعْتَبِرْ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّكَ تَرَى مَنْ سَقَطَتْ أَسْنَانُهُ مُسْتَرْخِيَ الشَّفَةِ وَ مُضْطَرِبَهَا وَ بِالشَّفَتَيْنِ يَتَرَشَّفُ الشَّرَابَ حَتَّى يَكُونَ الَّذِي يَصِلُ إِلَى الْجَوْفِ مِنْهُ بِقَصْدٍ وَ قَدْرٍ لَا يَثُجُّ ثَجّاً فَيَغَصَّ بِهِ الشَّارِبُ أَوْ يَنْكَأَ فِي الْجَوْفِ ثُمَّ هُمَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ كَالْبَابِ الْمُطْبَقِ عَلَى الْفَمِ يَفْتَحُهُمَا الْإِنْسَانُ إِذَا شَاءَ وَ يُطْبِقُهُمَا إِذَا شَاءَ
And the teeth chew the food until it is soft and easy to absorb, and it, along with that, is like the support for the lips, to hold them and support them from inside the mouth. And take a lesson that if you were to see one whose teeth have fallen off, of relaxed and fluffy lips, is desperate with these, and with the lips he sips the drink until that from it flows to the insides by a purpose and measure that does not reap a morsel so the moustache may be chewed by it, or wounds in the inside. Then these two (lips), after that, are like the layered gates upon the mouth. The human being opens these whenever he so desires to, and closes them whenever he so desires to.
فَفِيمَا وَصَفْنَا مِنْ هَذَا بَيَانُ أَنَّ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَعْضَاءِ يَتَصَرَّفُ وَ يَنْقَسِمُ إِلَى وُجُوهٍ مِنَ الْمَنَافِعِ كَمَا تَتَصَرَّفُ الْأَدَاةُ الْوَاحِدَةُ فِي أَعْمَالٍ شَتَّى وَ ذَلِكَ كَالْفَأْسِ يُسْتَعْمَلُ فِي النِّجَارَةِ وَ الْحَفْرِ وَ غَيْرِهِمَا مِنَ الْأَعْمَالِ
In what we-asws described from this explanation is that everyone from these body parts is utilised and divided to its aspect from the benefits, just as the one tool is used in various works, and that is like the poleaxe being used in the carpentry, and the digging, and other from the works.
وَ لَوْ رَأَيْتَ الدِّمَاغَ إِذَا كُشِفَ عَنْهُ لَرَأَيْتَهُ قَدْ لُفَّ بِحُجُبٍ بَعْضُهَا فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ لِتَصُونَهُ مِنَ الْأَعْرَاضِ وَ تُمْسِكَهُ فَلَا يَضْطَرِبَ وَ لَرَأَيْتَ عَلَيْهِ الْجُمْجُمَةَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْبَيْضَةِ كَيْمَا يَفُتَّهُ هَدُّ الصَّدْمَةِ وَ الصَّكَّةِ الَّتِي رُبَّمَا وَقَعَتْ فِي الرَّأْسِ
And if you were to see the brain when it is uncovered, you will see it as enveloped by veils on top of each other in order to fortify it from the exposure and withhold it so it does not tremble. And you will see upon it the skull at the status of the egg, what protects it from the shock and the violent strike which sometimes occurs in the head.
ثُمَّ قَدْ جُلِّلَتِ الْجُمْجُمَةُ بِالشَّعْرِ حَتَّى صَارَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْفَرْوِ لِلرَّأْسِ يَسْتُرُهُ مِنْ شِدَّةِ الْحَرِّ وَ الْبَرْدِ فَمَنْ حَصَّنَ الدِّمَاغَ هَذَا التَّحْصِينَ إِلَّا الَّذِي خَلَقَهُ وَ جَعَلَهُ يَنْبُوعَ الْحِسِّ وَ الْمُسْتَحِقَّ لِلْحِيطَةِ وَ الصِّيَانَةِ بِعُلُوِّ مَنْزِلَتِهِ مِنَ الْبَدَنِ وَ ارْتِفَاعِ دَرَجَتِهِ وَ خَطَرِ مَرْتَبَتِهِ
Then, the skull has been rolled out with the hair being at the status of the fur for the head, veiling it from the intensity of the heat and the cold. Who can fortify the brain with this fortress except the One-azwj Who Created it and Made it a fountain of sense, and worthy of the caution, and maintenance at its highest level from the body, and of lofty degree, and high rank?
تَأَمَّلْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ الْجَفْنَ عَلَى الْعَيْنِ كَيْفَ جُعِلَ كَالْغِشَاءِ وَ الْأَشْفَارَ كَالْأَشْرَاجِ وَ أَوْلَجَهَا فِي هَذَا الْغَارِ وَ أَظَلَّهَا بِالْحِجَابِ وَ مَا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الشَّعْرِ
Contemplate, O Mufazzal, on the eyelid upon the eye. How it is Made like the membrane, and the lashes are like the vent, and inserted in this cave, and it is shaded with the veil and whatever is upon it from the hair.
يَا مُفَضَّلُ مَنْ غَيَّبَ الْفُؤَادَ فِي جَوْفِ الصَّدْرِ وَ كَسَاهُ الْمِدْرَعَةَ الَّتِي هِيَ غِشَاؤُهُ وَ حَصَّنَهُ بِالْجَوَانِحِ وَ مَا عَلَيْهَا مِنَ اللَّحْمِ وَ الْعَصَبِ لِئَلَّا يَصِلَ إِلَيْهِ مَا يَنْكَؤُهُ مَنْ جَعَلَ فِي الْحَلْقِ مَنْفَذَيْنِ أَحَدُهُمَا لِمَخْرَجِ الصَّوْتِ وَ هُوَ الْحُلْقُومُ الْمُتَّصِلُ بِالرِّئَةِ وَ الْآخَرُ مَنْفَذُ الْغِذَاءِ وَ هُوَ الْمَرِيءُ الْمُتَّصِلُ بِالْمَعِدَةِ الْمُوصِلُ الْغِذَاءِ إِلَيْهَا وَ جَعَلَ عَلَى الْحُلْقُومِ طَبَقاً يَمْنَعُ الطَّعَامَ أَنْ يَصِلَ إِلَى الرِّئَةِ فَيَقْتُلَ
O Mufazzal! Who Hid the heart in the middle of the chest, and cloaked it with the armour which it is covering, and fortified it with the thin strips and whatever is upon it from the flesh, and the nerves, lets something would flow to it what could damage it? Who Made two outlets to be in the throat? One of them is for exiting the voice, and it is the throat connected with the aeration, and the other is the outlet for the provision (food), and it is the oesophagus connected with the stomach, the deliverer of the provision (food) to it, and Made the outlets as layers preventing the food to arrive to the aeration which could kill.
مَنْ جَعَلَ الرِّئَةَ مِرْوَحَةَ الْفُؤَادِ لَا تَفْتُرُ وَ لَا تُخِلُّ لِكَيْلَا تَتَحَيَّزَ الْحَرَارَةُ فِي الْفُؤَادِ فَتُؤَدِّيَ إِلَى التَّلَفِ مَنْ جَعَلَ لِمَنَافِذِ الْبَوْلِ وَ الْغَائِطِ أَشْرَاجاً تَضْبِطُهُمَا لِئَلَّا يَجْرِيَا جَرَيَاناً دَائِماً فَيَفْسُدَ عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ عَيْشُهُ فَكَمْ عَسَى أَنْ يُحْصِيَ الْمُحْصِي مِنْ هَذَا بَلِ الَّذِي لَا يُحْصَى مِنْهُ وَ لَا يَعْلَمُهُ النَّاسُ أَكْثَرُ مَنْ جَعَلَ الْمَعِدَةَ عَصَبَانِيَّةً شَدِيدَةً وَ قَدَّرَهَا لِهَضْمِ الطَّعَامِ الْغَلِيظِ
Who made the aeration as a ventilator of the heart? It neither stalls nor does it get disturbed lets the heat in the heart gets exaggerated, so it ends up causing damage. Who Made the outlets of the urine and the faeces are two arrows controlling them? Lest they flow perpetually and spoil upon the human being, his life. So, how much can one count from this? But, it is that which cannot be counted from, nor do the people know most of it. Who Made the stomach as severely active, and Determined it for digestion of the hard food?
وَ مَنْ جَعَلَ الْكَبِدَ رَقِيقَةً نَاعِمَةً لِقَبُولِ الصَّفْوِ اللَّطِيفِ مِنَ الْغِذَاءِ وَ لِتَهْضِمَ وَ تَعْمَلَ مَا هُوَ أَلْطَفُ مِنْ عَمَلِ الْمَعِدَةِ إِلَّا اللَّهُ الْقَادِرُ أَ تَرَى الْإِهْمَالَ يَأْتِي بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ كَلَّا بَلْ هُوَ تَدْبِيرٌ مِنْ مُدَبِّرٍ حَكِيمٍ قَادِرٍ عَلِيمٍ بِالْأَشْيَاءِ قَبْلَ خَلْقِهِ إِيَّاهَا لَا يُعْجِزُهُ شَيْءٌ وَ هُوَ اللَّطِيفُ الْخَبِيرُ
Who Made the liver to be thin, delicate to accept the cleansed, subtle from the food to digest and work on what is subtle than the word of the stomach, except Allah-azwj the Determiner? Do you not see the chaos to come with something from that? Never! But, it is the arrangement from a Wise Arranger, Able, Knower of the things before He-azwj Created these. Nothing Frustrates Him-azwj and He-azwj is the Subtle, the Informed.
فَكِّرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ لِمَ صَارَتِ الْمُخُّ الرَّقِيقُ مُحَصَّناً فِي أَنَابِيبِ الْعِظَامِ هَلْ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا لِيَحْفَظَهُ وَ يَصُونَهُ لِمَ صَارَ الدَّمُ السَّائِلُ مَحْصُوراً فِي الْعُرُوقِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْمَاءِ فِي الظُّرُوفِ إِلَّا لِتَضْبِطَهُ فَلَا يَفِيضَ لِمَ صَارَتِ الْأَظْفَارُ عَلَى أَطْرَافِ الْأَصَابِعِ إِلَّا وِقَايَةً لَهَا وَ مَعُونَةً عَلَى الْعَمَلِ لِمَ صَارَ دَاخِلُ الْأُذُنِ مُلْتَوِياً كَهَيْئَةِ الْكَوْكَبِ إِلَّا لِيَطَّرِدَ فِيهِ الصَّوْتُ حَتَّى يَنْتَهِيَ إِلَى السَّمْعِ وَ لِيَتَكَسَّرَ حُمَّةُ الرِّيحِ فَلَا يَنْكَأَ فِي السَّمْعِ
Think, O Mufazzal! Why did the thin brain become fortified among the bony tubes? Is that except to protect it and fortify it? Why did the blood become flowing limitedly in the veins at the status of the water in the circumstances, except to control it so it does not overflow? Why did the nails come to be on the edges of the fingers, except as a safeguard for these and an assistance upon the work? Why did interior of the ear become coiled like the prison except to expel the sounds until it ends up to the hearing and to break heat of the wind so it does not damage in the hearing?
لِمَ حَمَلَ الْإِنْسَانُ عَلَى فَخِذَيْهِ وَ أَلْيَتَيْهِ هَذَا اللَّحْمَ إِلَّا لِيَقِيَهُ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ فَلَا يَتَأَلَّمُ مِنَ الْجُلُوسِ عَلَيْهِمَا كَمَا يَأْلَمُ مَنْ نَحَلَ جِسْمُهُ وَ قَلَّ لَحْمُهُ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ الْأَرْضِ حَائِلٌ يَقِيهِ صَلَابَتُهَا مَنْ جَعَلَ الْإِنْسَانَ ذَكَراً وَ أُنْثَى إِلَّا مَنْ خَلَقَهُ مُتَنَاسِلًا وَ مَنْ خَلَقَهُ مُتَنَاسِلًا إِلَّا مَنْ خَلَقَهُ مُؤَمِّلًا
Why does the human being carry upon his thigs and his buttocks except to save him from the ground, so that he would not be pained from the sitting on these, just as he would be pained from the bottom of his body and the scarcity of his flesh when there does not happen to be between him and the ground any obstacle preventing its hardness? Who Made the human being as male and female except One-azwj Who Created it for reproduction? And Who Created it for reproduction except One-azwj Who Created it hopeful?
وَ مَنْ خَلَقَهُ مُؤَمِّلًا وَ مَنْ أَعْطَاهُ آلَاتِ الْعَمَلِ إِلَّا مَنْ خَلَقَهُ عَامِلًا وَ مَنْ خَلَقَهُ عَامِلًا إِلَّا مَنْ جَعَلَهُ مُحْتَاجاً وَ مَنْ جَعَلَهُ مُحْتَاجاً إِلَّا مَنْ ضَرَبَهُ بِالْحَاجَةِ وَ مَنْ ضَرَبَهُ بِالْحَاجَةِ إِلَّا مَنْ تَوَكَّلَ بِتَقْوِيمِهِ مَنْ خَصَّهُ بِالْفَهْمِ إِلَّا مَنْ أَوْجَبَ لَهُ الْجَزَاءَ وَ مَنْ وَهَبَ لَهُ الْحِيلَةَ إِلَّا مَنْ مَلَّكَهُ الْحَوْلَ وَ مَنْ مَلَّكَهُ الْحَوْلَ إِلَّا مَنْ أَلْزَمَهُ الْحُجَّةَ
And who created it as hopeful, and Who Gave it the tools of the work except One-azwj Who Created it as a worker? And who created it as a worker except One-azwj Who Made it needy? And who made it needy except One-azwj Who Hit it with the need? And who hit it with the need except One-azwj Who Made it reliant with its formation? Who specialised it with the understanding except One-azwj Who Obligated the Recompense for it? And who gifted the means for it except One Controls the Might? And who controls the mighty except One-azwj Who Necessitated the Proof?
مَنْ يَكْفِيهِ مَا لَا تَبْلُغُهُ حِيلَتُهُ إِلَّا مَنْ لَمْ يَبْلُغْ مَدَى شُكْرِهِ فَكِّرْ وَ تَدَبَّرْ مَا وَصَفْتُهُ هَلْ تَجِدُ الْإِهْمَالَ عَلَى هَذَا النِّظَامِ وَ التَّرْتِيبِ تَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ
Who sufficed him with what he could not reach his means, except One-azwj Who did not reach the extent of His-azwj thanks? Think, and ponder what I-asws have described. Can you find the chaos upon this system and the arrangement?
أَصِفُ لَكَ الْآنَ يَا مُفَضَّلُ الْفُؤَادَ اعْلَمْ أَنَّ فِيهِ ثُقَباً مُوَجَّهَةً نَحْوَ الثُّقَبِ الَّتِي فِي الرِّئَةِ تُرَوِّحُ عَنِ الْفُؤَادِ حَتَّى لَوِ اخْتَلَفَتْ تِلْكَ الثُّقَبُ وَ تَزَايَلَ بَعْضُهَا عَنْ بَعْضٍ لَمَا وَصَلَ الرَّوْحُ إِلَى الْفُؤَادِ وَ لَهَلَكَ الْإِنْسَانُ أَ فَيَسْتَجِيزُ ذُو فِكْرٍ وَ رَوِيَّةٍ أَنْ يَزْعُمَ أَنَّ مِثْلَ هَذَا يَكُونُ بِالْإِهْمَالِ وَ لَا يَجِدُ شَاهِداً مِنْ نَفْسِهِ يَنْزِعُهُ عَنْ هَذَا الْقَوْلِ لَوْ رَأَيْتَ فَرْداً مِنْ مِصْرَاعَيْنِ فِيهِ كَلُّوبٌ أَ كُنْتَ تَتَوَهَّمُ أَنَّهُ جُعِلَ كَذَلِكَ بِلَا مَعْنًى
I-asws shall now describe the heart for you, O Mufazzal. Know, that in it is a directed hole approximate to the hole, which is in the aeration circulating from the heart, to the extent that if that hole was different and continued upon each other, the blood would not reach to the heart and the human being would be destroyed. And the one with thinking get up and claim that the like of this has happened with the chaos, and he cannot find a witness from himself to snatch him away from this word? If you were to see one of the two parts in which are valves, would you imagine that it has been made like that without meaning?
بَلْ كُنْتَ تَعْلَمُ ضَرُورَةً أَنَّهُ مَصْنُوعٌ يَلْقَى فَرْداً آخَرَ فَتُبْرِزُهُ لِيَكُونَ فِي اجْتِمَاعِهِمَا ضَرْبٌ مِنَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ وَ هَكَذَا تَجِدُ الذَّكَرَ مِنَ الْحَيَوَانِ كَأَنَّهُ فَرْدٌ مِنْ زَوْجٍ مُهَيَّأٌ مِنْ فَرْدٍ أُنْثَى فَيَلْتَقِيَانِ لِمَا فِيهِ مِنْ دَوَامِ النَّسْلِ وَ بَقَائِهِ فَتَبّاً وَ خَيْبَةً وَ تَعْساً لِمُنْتَحِلِي الْفَلْسَفَةِ كَيْفَ عَمِيَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْخِلْقَةِ الْعَجِيبَةِ حَتَّى أَنْكَرُوا التَّدْبِيرَ وَ الْعَمْدَ فِيهَا
But, you know the necessity that it is made so, meeting another individual (valve), so it passes it to become together out of interest. And like this you will find the male beast, as if he is an individual from a spouse prepared from an individual female. They both meet to what in it is the perpetuation of the lineage and its remaining. Woe, and disappointment, and wretchedness for the imposters, the philosophers, how their hearts are blinded from this wondrous creation, until they are denying the arrangement and the deliberation in it?
لَوْ كَانَ فَرْجُ الرَّجُلِ مُسْتَرْخِياً كَيْفَ كَانَ يَصِلُ إِلَى قَعْرِ الرَّحِمِ حَتَّى يُفْرِغَ النُّطْفَةَ فِيهِ وَ لَوْ كَانَ مُنْعَظاً أَبَداً كَيْفَ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَتَقَلَّبُ فِي الْفِرَاشِ أَوْ يَمْشِي بَيْنَ النَّاسِ وَ شَيْءٌ شَاخِصٌ أَمَامَهُ ثُمَّ يَكُونُ فِي ذَلِكَ مَعَ قُبْحِ الْمَنْظَرِ تَحْرِيكُ الشَّهْوَةِ فِي كُلِّ وَقْتٍ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَ النِّسَاءِ جَمِيعاً
If the private part of the man was relaxed, how would it arrive to the bottom of the womb until the sperm is released in it? And if it was upright for ever, how would the man turn around in the bed, or walk in between the people and something personal is in front of him? Then there would happen to be in that, along with the ugly scene, movement of the desire during all the time from the men and the women together.
فَقَدَّرَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ اسْمُهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَكْثَرَ ذَلِكَ لَا يَبْدُو لِلْبَصَرِ فِي كُلِّ وَقْتٍ وَ لَا يَكُونُ عَلَى الرِّجَالِ مِنْهُ مَئُونَةٌ بَلْ جَعَلَ فِيهِ الْقُوَّةَ عَلَى الِانْتِصَابِ وَقْتَ الْحَاجَةِ إِلَى ذَلِكَ لِمَا قَدَّرَ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِيهِ دَوَامُ النَّسْلِ وَ بَقَاؤُهُ
Thus, Allah-azwj, Majestic is His-azwj Name, Determined that most of that would not happen to manifest to the sight during all the time, nor would it happen to be a supported upon the man from it. But, He-azwj Made the strength in it upon the erection in the time of need to that, to what He-azwj has Determined that there would happen to be the perpetuity of the lineage and its remaining.
اعْتَبِرِ الْآنَ يَا مُفَضَّلُ بِعَظِيمِ النِّعْمَةِ عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ فِي مَطْعَمِهِ وَ مَشْرَبِهِ وَ تَسْهِيلِ خُرُوجِ الْأَذَى أَ لَيْسَ مِنْ حُسْنِ التَّقْدِيرِ فِي بِنَاءِ الدَّارِ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْخَلَاءُ فِي أَسْتَرِ مَوْضِعٍ فِيهَا فَكَذَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ الْمَنْفَذَ الْمُهَيَّأَ لِلْخَلَاءِ مِنَ الْإِنْسَانِ فِي أَسْتَرِ مَوْضِعٍ مِنْهُ فَلَمْ يَجْعَلْهُ بَارِزاً مِنْ خَلْفِهِ وَ لَا نَاشِراً مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ
Learn a lesson now, O Mufazzal, with the great Favour upon the human being in his food and his drink, and the easiness of the exit of the harmful (substance). Isn’t the one who is good at determination regarding building the house, that the toilet would happen to be in the most veiled place in it? That is how Allah-azwj, Glorious is He-azwj, Made a port configured for the toilet to be in the most veiled place from him, and He-azwj did not Make it prominent from behind him, not openly in front of him.
بَلْ هُوَ مُغَيَّبٌ فِي مَوْضِعٍ غَامِضٍ مِنَ الْبَدَنِ مَسْتُورٌ مَحْجُوبٌ يَلْتَقِي عَلَيْهِ الْفَخِذَانِ وَ تَحْجُبُهُ الْأَلْيَتَانِ بِمَا عَلَيْهِمَا مِنَ اللَّحْمِ فَيُوَارِيَانِهِ فَإِذَا احْتَاجَ الْإِنْسَانُ إِلَى الْخَلَاءِ وَ جَلَسَ تِلْكَ الْجِلْسَةَ أَلْفَى ذَلِكَ الْمَنْفَذَ مِنْهُ مُنْصَبّاً مُهَيَّئاً لِانْحِدَارِ الثُّفْلِ فَتَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ مَنْ تَظَاهَرَتْ آلَاؤُهُ وَ لَا تُحْصَى نَعْمَاؤُهُ
But, it is hidden in an obscure place of the body, veiled, concealed, two thighs meeting upon it, and it is veiled by the two tools (buttocks) with whatever is upon them from the flesh, and they cover it. So, when the human being is needy to the toilet, and he sits that sitting, you will find that port to be positioned for the rolling out the weight. Blessed is Allah-azwj from His-azwj Favours been shown, nor His-azwj Bounties to be counted.
فَكِّرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ فِي هَذِهِ الْطَوَاحِنِ الَّتِي جُعِلَتْ لِلْإِنْسَانِ فَبَعْضُهَا حُدَادٌ لِقَطْعِ الطَّعَامِ وَ قَرْضِهِ وَ بَعْضُهَا عُرَاضٌ لِمَضْغِهِ وَ رَضِّهِ فَلَمْ يَنْقُصْ وَاحِدٌ مِنَ الصِّفَتَيْنِ إِذْ كَانَ مُحْتَاجاً إِلَيْهِمَا جَمِيعاً
Think, O Mufazzal, regarding these grinders, which are made to be for the human being. Some of these are to cut the food and nibble it, and some are presented for chewing and softening, so he is not deficient from even one of the two qualities when he was needy to them both.
تَأَمَّلْ وَ اعْتَبِرْ بِحُسْنِ التَّدْبِيرِ فِي خَلْقِ الشَّعْرِ وَ الْأَظْفَارِ فَإِنَّهُمَا لَمَّا كَانَا مِمَّا يَطُولُ وَ يَكْثُرُ حَتَّى يُحْتَاجَ إِلَى تَخْفِيفِهِ أَوَّلًا فَأَوَّلًا جُعِلَا عَدِيمَيِ الْحِسِّ لِئَلَّا يُؤْلِمَ الْإِنْسَانَ الْأَخْذُ مِنْهُمَا وَ لَوْ كَانَ قَصُّ الشَّعْرِ وَ تَقْلِيمُ الْأَظْفَارِ مِمَّا يُوجَدُ لَهُ مَسٌّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ لَكَانَ الْإِنْسَانُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ بَيْنَ مَكْرُوهَيْنِ إِمَّا أَنْ يَدَعَ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا حَتَّى يَطُولَ فَيَثْقُلَ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِمَّا أَنْ يُخَفِّفَهُ بِوَجَعٍ وَ أَلَمٍ يَتَأَلَّمُ مِنْهُ
Contemplate and learn a lesson with the excellent arrangement in the creation of the hair and the nails, for these two if they were too long and too much until they are needy to its lightening or not. First, they had been made to be senseless, lest they would be in pain when the human being takes from these. And if the shortening of the hair and clipping of the nails are what from the touch is to be found from that, the human being would be between two abhorrence(s) – Either he leaves each one of these until they are elongated so it become heavy upon him, or he lightens it by suffering pain and hurting from it’.
قَالَ الْمُفَضَّلُ فَقُلْتُ فَلِمَ لَمْ يَجْعَلْ ذَلِكَ خِلْقَةً لَا تَزِيدُ فَيَحْتَاجُ الْإِنْسَانُ إِلَى النُّقْصَانِ مِنْهُ
Al-Mufazzal said, ‘I said, ‘Why has that not been created, not to increase, so the human being would not be needy to reduce from it?’
فَقَالَ ع إِنَّ لِلَّهِ تَبَارَكَ اسْمُهُ فِي ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْعَبْدِ نِعَماً لَا يَعْرِفُهَا فَيَحْمَدَ عَلَيْهَا اعْلَمْ أَنَّ آلَامَ الْبَدَنِ وَ أَدْوَاءَهُ تَخْرُجُ بِخُرُوجِ الشَّعْرِ فِي مَسَامِّهِ وَ بِخُرُوجِ الْأَظْفَارِ مِنْ أَنَامِلِهَا وَ لِذَلِكَ أُمِرَ الْإِنْسَانُ بِالنُّورَةِ وَ حَلْقِ الرَّأْسِ وَ قَصِّ الْأَظْفَارِ فِي كُلِّ أُسْبُوعٍ لِيُسْرِعَ الشَّعْرُ وَ الْأَظْفَارُ فِي النَّبَاتِ
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj, Blessed is His-azwj Name has Favoured the servant upon that which he does not recognise so he would praise upon it. Know that the aches of the body and its symptoms exit by the coming of the hair from its pores, and by the clipping out of the nail from its finger tips, and for that the human being has been instructed with the waxing and shaving the head, and shortening the nails every week in order to accelerate the growth of the hair and the nails.
فَتَخْرُجَ الْآلَامُ وَ الْأَدْوَاءُ بِخُرُوجِهَا وَ إِذَا طَالا تَحَيَّرَا وَ قَلَّ خُرُوجُهُمَا فَاحْتُبِسَتِ الْآلَامُ وَ الْأَدْوَاءُ فِي الْبَدَنِ فَأَحْدَثَتْ عِلَلًا وَ أَوْجَاعاً وَ مَنَعَ مَعَ ذَلِكَ الشَّعْرَ مِنَ الْمَوَاضِعِ الَّتِي يُضِرُّ بِالْإِنْسَانِ وَ يُحْدِثُ عَلَيْهِ الْفَسَادَ وَ الضَّرَرَ
The pain and the disease come out with their coming out. And when they are long, they stall (slower growth), and they coming out is little, so the aches and the diseases get withheld in the body and innovates (new) pains and aches, and with that (shortening), the hair would be prevented from the placed which would harm the human being and the occurrence(s) upon him of the spoiling and the harm.
لَوْ نَبَتَ الشَّعْرُ فِي الْعَيْنِ أَ لَمْ يَكُنْ سَيَعْمَى الْبَصَرُ وَ لَوْ نَبَتَ فِي الْفَمِ أَ لَمْ يَكُنْ سَيَغَصُّ عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ طَعَامَهُ وَ شَرَابَهُ وَ لَوْ نَبَتَ فِي بَاطِنِ الْكَفِّ أَ لَمْ يَكُنْ سَيَعُوقُهُ عَنْ صِحَّةِ اللَّمْسِ وَ بَعْضِ الْأَعْمَالِ فَلَوْ نَبَتَ فِي فَرْجِ الْمَرْأَةِ أَوْ عَلَى ذَكَرِ الرَّجُلِ أَ لَمْ يَكُنْ سَيُفْسِدُ عَلَيْهِمَا لَذَّةَ الْجِمَاعِ
If the hair were to grow in the eyes, would it not have blinded the sight? And if it had grown in the mouth, would it not have clung upon the human being, to his food and his drink? And if it had grown in the bottom of the palm, would it not have hindered him upon the correct touch, and some of the works? And if it had grown in the private part of the woman or upon the private part of the male, would it not have spoilt the pleasure of the copulation upon them?
فَانْظُرْ كَيْفَ تَنَكَّبَ الشَّعْرُ هَذِهِ الْمَوَاضِعَ لِمَا فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ ثُمَّ لَيْسَ هَذَا فِي الْإِنْسَانِ فَقَطْ بَلْ تَجِدُهُ فِي الْبَهَائِمِ وَ السِّبَاعِ وَ سَائِرِ الْمُتَنَاسِلاتِ فَإِنَّكَ تَرَى أَجْسَامَهُنَّ مُجَلَّلَةً بِالشَّعْرِ وَ تَرَى هَذِهِ الْمَوَاضِعَ خَالِيَةً مِنْهُ لِهَذَا السَّبَبِ بِعَيْنِهِ
Look at how the hair is deviated from these places to what is in that from the interest. Then, this isn’t in the human beings only, but you will find it in the beasts, and the predators, and the rest of the intermediaries. You will see their bodies veered (enriched) with the hair, and you will see these places empty from it, for this reason exactly.
فَتَأَمَّلِ الْخِلْقَةَ كَيْفَ تَتَحَرَّزُ وُجُوهَ الْخَطَإِ وَ الْمَضَرَّةِ وَ تَأْتِي بِالصَّوَابِ وَ الْمَنْفَعَةِ إِنَّ الْمَنَّانِيَّةَ وَ أَشْبَاهَهُمْ حِينَ اجْتَهَدُوا فِي عَيْبِ الْخِلْقَةِ وَ الْعَمْدِ عَابُوا الشَّعْرَ النَّابِتَ عَلَى الرَّكَبِ وَ الْإِبْطَيْنِ وَ لَمْ يَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ رُطُوبَةٍ تَنْصَبُّ إِلَى هَذِهِ الْمَوَاضِعِ فَيَنْبُتُ فِيهَا الشَّعْرُ كَمَا يَنْبُتُ الْعُشْبُ فِي مُسْتَنْقَعِ الْمِيَاهِ
Contemplate the creation, how it protects the aspects of mistakes and harm, and comes with the correct and the benefit. The old religious beliefs and their likes where they strived in faulting the creation and the deliberation, faulted the growth of hair on the knees and the armpits, and they did not know that, that is from the humidity hitting to these places, so the hair would grow in these, just as the grass grows in the swampy water.
أَ فَلَا تَرَى إِلَى هَذِهِ الْمَوَاضِعِ أَسْتَرَ وَ أَهْيَأَ لِقَبُولِ تِلْكَ الْفَضْلَةِ مِنْ غَيْرِهَا ثُمَّ إِنَّ هَذِهِ تُعَدُّ مِمَّا يَحْمِلُ الْإِنْسَانُ مِنْ مَئُونَةِ هَذَا الْبَدَنِ وَ تَكَالِيفِهِ لِمَا لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ فَإِنَّ اهْتِمَامَهُ بِتَنْظِيفِ بَدَنِهِ وَ أَخْذِ مَا يَعْلُوهُ مِنَ الشَّعْرِ مِمَّا يَكْسِرُ بِهِ شِرَّتَهُ وَ يَكُفُّ عَادِيَتَهُ وَ يَشْغَلُهُ عَنْ بَعْضِ مَا يُخْرِجُهُ إِلَيْهِ الْفَرَاغُ مِنَ الْأَشَرِ وَ الْبِطَالَةِ
Do you not look at these places are more concealed and more facilitated for accepting that refuse than others? Then, in these excess from that the human being carries from the provisions of this body, and its encumberment to what, for him is an interest in that. It is in his interest with cleanliness of his body to take from what is the top of the hair, from what he breaks its violations with it, and restrains his habits, and pre-occupies him from some of what would come out to him, being free from the evil and idleness.
تَأَمَّلِ الرِّيقَ وَ مَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْمَنْفَعَةِ فَإِنَّهُ جُعِلَ يَجْرِي جَرَيَاناً دَائِماً إِلَى الْفَمِ لِيَبُلَّ الْحَلْقَ وَ اللَّهَوَاتِ فَلَا يَجِفَ فَإِنَّ هَذِهِ الْمَوَاضِعَ لَوْ جُعِلَتْ كَذَلِكَ كَانَ فِيهِ هَلَاكُ الْإِنْسَانِ ثُمَّ كَانَ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يُسِيغَ طَعَاماً إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي الْفَمِ بِلَّةٌ تُنْفِذُهُ تَشْهَدُ بِذَلِكَ الْمُشَاهَدَةُ
Contemplate on the saliva and what is therein from the benefits, for it has been made to flow a perpetual flow to the mouth, to lubricate the throat and the stomach so they do not dry up. In these places, if it had not been like that, there would have been destruction of the human beings. Then he would not have been able to chew the food, when there did not happen to be any dampness in the mouth to implement it. You can witness that, watching.
وَ اعْلَمْ أَنَّ الرُّطُوبَةَ مَطِيَّةُ الْغِذَاءِ وَ قَدْ تَجْرِي مِنْ هَذِهِ الْبِلَّةِ إِلَى مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ مِنَ الْمِرَّةِ فَيَكُونُ فِي ذَلِكَ صَلَاحٌ تَامٌّ لِلْإِنْسَانِ وَ لَوْ يَبِسَتِ الْمِرَّةُ لَهَلَكَ الْإِنْسَانُ
And know that the wetness is a ride for the food, and it has flowed from this wetness to another place from the bile, and there happens to be in that, the complete correctness for the human being. And if the bile were to dry up the human being would be destroyed.
وَ لَقَدْ قَالَ قَوْمٌ مِنْ جَهَلَةِ الْمُتَكَلِّمِينَ وَ ضَعَفَةِ الْمُتَفَلْسِفِينَ بِقِلَّةِ التَّمَيُّزِ وَ قُصُورِ الْعِلْمِ لَوْ كَانَ بَطْنُ الْإِنْسَانِ كَهَيْئَةِ الْقَبَاءِ يَفْتَحُهُ الطَّبِيبُ إِذَا شَاءَ فَيُعَايِنُ مَا فِيهِ وَ يُدْخِلُ يَدَهُ فَيُعَالِجُ مَا أَرَادَ عِلَاجَهُ أَ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَصْلَحَ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُصْمَتاً مَحْجُوباً عَنِ الْبَصَرِ وَ الْيَدِ لَا يُعْرَفُ مَا فِيهِ إِلَّا بِدَلَالاتٍ غَامِضَةٍ كَمِثْلِ النَّظَرِ إِلَى الْبَوْلِ وَ حِسِّ الْعِرْقِ وَ مَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا يَكْثُرُ فِيهِ الْغَلَطُ وَ الشُّبْهَةُ حَتَّى رُبَّمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ سَبَباً لِلْمَوْتِ
And a group has said, from the ignorant speakers, and weak philosophers due to the scarcity of the discipline, and deficiency of the knowledge, ‘If the belly of the human being had been in the shape of a robe, the physician could have opened it whenever he so desired, and he could have witnessed what is in it, and insert his hand and treat whatever treatment he wanted. Would it not have happened to be more correct than from it happening to be solid, barred from the sight and the hand? No one can recognise what is in it except by the ambiguous evidence, like the looking at the urine, and feeling the nerves, and what resembles that, from what most of it is wrong, and doubtful, until sometimes that would be the cause of death’.
فَلَوْ عَلِمَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْجَهَلَةُ أَنَّ هَذَا لَوْ كَانَ هَكَذَا كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَا فِيهِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَسْقُطُ عَنِ الْإِنْسَانِ الْوَجَلُ مِنَ الْأَمْرَاضِ وَ الْمَوْتِ وَ كَانَ يَسْتَشْعِرُ الْبَقَاءَ وَ يَغْتَرُّ بِالسَّلَامَةِ فَيُخْرِجُهُ ذَلِكَ إِلَى الْعُتُوِّ وَ الْأَشَرِ
If these ignoramuses knew that this, had it been like that, the first of what is in it, it would have fallen from the human being, the feeling from the sickness and the death, and he would feel safe for the remaining and stay with the safety. That would exit him to the transgression and the evil.
ثُمَّ كَانَتِ الرُّطُوبَاتُ الَّتِي فِي الْبَطْنِ تَتَرَشَّحُ وَ تَتَحَلَّبُ فَيُفْسِدُ عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ مَقْعَدَهُ وَ مَرْقَدَهُ وَ ثِيَابَ بِذْلَتِهِ وَ زِينَتِهِ بَلْ كَانَ يُفْسِدُ عَلَيْهِ عَيْشَهُ ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْمَعِدَةَ وَ الْكَبِدَ وَ الْفُؤَادَ إِنَّمَا تَفْعَلُ أَفْعَالَهَا بِالْحَرَارَةِ الْغَرِيزِيَّةِ الَّتِي جَعَلَهَا اللَّهُ مُحْتَبِسَةً فِي الْجَوْفِ فَلَوْ كَانَ فِي الْبَطْنِ فَرْجٌ يَنْفَتِحُ حَتَّى يَصِلَ الْبَصَرُ إِلَى رُؤْيَتِهِ وَ الْيَدُ إِلَى عِلَاجِهِ لَوَصَلَ بَرْدُ الْهَوَاءِ إِلَى الْجَوْفِ فَمَازَجَ الْحَرَارَةَ الْغَرِيزِيَّةَ وَ بَطَلَ عَمَلُ الْأَحْشَاءِ فَكَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ هَلَاكُ الْإِنْسَانِ
Then, that wetness (from the open stomach) which is in the belly would sprinkle and spill over, spoiling upon the human being, his seat, and his abode, and his garments, and his adornments, but it would spoil his life upon him. Then the stomach, and the liver, and the heart, rather do their work with the innate (inherent) heat, which Allah-azwj Made to be withheld in the inside. If in the belly was a hole to be opened until the sight would arrive to see it, and the hand to treat it, the cold air would arrive to the inside, and it would be mixed with the innate heat, and invalidate the works of the guts, so in that would be the destruction of the human being.
أَ فَلَا تَرَى أَنَّ كُلَّ مَا تَذْهَبُ إِلَيْهِ الْأَوْهَامُ سِوَى مَا جَاءَتْ بِهِ الْخِلْقَةُ خَطَأٌ وَ خَطَلٌ
Do you not see that everything what the imaginations go to, besides what the creation has come with, is a mistake and wrong?
فَكِّرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ فِي الْأَفْعَالِ الَّتِي جُعِلَتْ فِي الْإِنْسَانِ مِنَ الطَّعْمِ وَ النَّوْمِ وَ الْجِمَاعِ وَ مَا دُبِّرَ فِيهَا فَإِنَّهُ جُعِلَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهَا فِي الطِّبَاعِ نَفْسِهِ مُحَرِّكٌ يَقْتَضِيهِ وَ يَسْتَحِثُّ بِهِ
Think, O Mufazzal, regarding the deeds, which have been made to be in human beings, from the meals, and the sleep, and the copulation, and whatever is conducted in these, for it has been made for each one from these, in the nature of his self, a movement he fulfils, and is induced by it.
فَالْجُوعُ يَقْتَضِي الطَّعْمَ الَّذِي بِهِ حَيَاةُ الْبَدَنِ وَ قِوَامُهُ وَ الْكَرَى تَقْتَضِي النَّوْمَ الَّذِي فِيهِ رَاحَةُ الْبَدَنِ وَ إِجْمَامُ قُوَاهُ وَ الشَّبَقُ يَقْتَضِي الْجِمَاعَ الَّذِي فِيهِ دَوَامُ النَّسْلِ وَ بَقَاؤُهُ
The hunger is fulfilled by the food which is the life of the body and its strength; and the slumber is fulfilled by the sleep wherein is rest of the body and the recuperation of its forces; and the eroticism is fulfilled by the copulation in which is the perpetuity of the lineage and its remaining.
وَ لَوْ كَانَ الْإِنْسَانُ إِنَّمَا يَصِيرُ إِلَى أَكْلِ الطَّعَامِ لِمَعْرِفَتِهِ بِحَاجَةِ بَدَنِهِ إِلَيْهِ وَ لَمْ يَجِدْ مِنْ طِبَاعِهِ شَيْئاً يَضْطَرُّهُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ كَانَ خَلِيقاً أَنْ يَتَوَانَى عَنْهُ أَحْيَاناً بِالتَّثَقُّلِ وَ الْكَسَلِ حَتَّى يَنْحَلَ بَدَنُهُ فَيَهْلِكَ كَمَا يَحْتَاجُ الْوَاحِدُ إِلَى الدَّوَاءِ بِشَيْءٍ مِمَّا يَصْلُحُ بِبَدَنِهِ فَيُدَافِعُ بِهِ حَتَّى يُؤَدِّيَهُ ذَلِكَ إِلَى الْمَرَضِ وَ الْمَوْتِ
And if the human being had rather come to eating the food for recognising the needs of his body to it, and did not find anything from his nature compelling him to that, he would be a creature discouraged from it due to the heaviness and the laziness until his body slims and he is destroyed, just as the one is needy to the medicine of something from what his body would be correct, but he puts it off until that leads him to the sickness and death.
وَ كَذَلِكَ لَوْ كَانَ إِنَّمَا يَصِيرُ إِلَى النَّوْمِ بِالتَّفَكُّرِ فِي حَاجَتِهِ إِلَى رَاحَةِ الْبَدَنِ وَ إِجْمَامِ قُوَاهُ كَانَ عَسَى أَنْ يَتَثَاقَلَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَيَدْمَغُهُ حَتَّى يَنْهَكَ بَدَنَهُ وَ لَوْ كَانَ إِنَّمَا يَتَحَرَّكُ لِلْجِمَاعِ بِالرَّغْبَةِ فِي الْوَلَدِ كَانَ غَيْرَ بَعِيدٍ أَنْ يَفْتُرَ عَنْهُ حَتَّى يَقِلَّ النَّسْلُ أَوْ يَنْقَطِعَ فَإِنَّ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ لَا يَرْغَبُ فِي الْوَلَدِ وَ لَا يَحْفِلُ بِهِ
And similar to that, if he was to come to the sleep with the thinking regarding his need to rest the body and recuperate his strength, it is possible that he would be heavy from that, so it would smite him until his body is exhausted; and if he were to move to the copulation with the desire of having children, it would not be far that he would cool down from it until the lineage would be little or be cut off, for, from the people there is one who does not desire the children nor is he overwhelmed with it.
فَانْظُرْ كَيْفَ جُعِلَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَفْعَالِ الَّتِي بِهَا قِوَامُ الْإِنْسَانِ وَ صَلَاحُهُ مُحَرِّكٌ مِنْ نَفْسِ الطَّبْعِ يُحَرِّكُهُ لِذَلِكَ وَ يَحْدُوهُ عَلَيْهِ
Look at how it has been made to be for each one from these deeds, that, by which is the strength of the human being, and his correctness, moving from himself the nature, moving him to that, and ushering him to it.
وَ اعْلَمْ أَنَّ فِي الْإِنْسَانِ قُوًى أَرْبَعاً قُوَّةٌ جَاذِبَةٌ تَقْبَلُ الْغِذَاءَ وَ تُورِدُهُ عَلَى الْمَعِدَةِ وَ قُوَّةٌ مُمْسِكَةٌ تَحْبِسُ الطَّعَامَ حَتَّى تَفْعَلَ فِيهِ الطَّبِيعَةُ فِعْلَهَا وَ قُوَّةٌ هَاضِمَةٌ وَ هِيَ الَّتِي تَطْبُخُهُ وَ تَسْتَخْرِجُ صَفْوَهُ وَ تَبُثُّهُ فِي الْبَدَنِ وَ قُوَّةٌ دَافِعَةٌ تَدْفَعُهُ وَ تَحْدُرُ الثُّفْلَ الْفَاضِلَ بَعْدَ أَخْذِ الْهَاضِمَةِ حَاجَتَهَا
And know that in the human being there are four forces – a force of attraction accepting the food and supplying it to the stomach; and a holding force withholding the food until nature does its work; and a force of digestion, and it is which absorbs and brings out its clean and sends it in the body; and a driving force, driving the heavy excess, after the digestion has taken its need.
تَفَكَّرْ فِي تَقْدِيرِ هَذِهِ الْقُوَى الْأَرْبَعَةِ الَّتِي فِي الْبَدَنِ وَ أَفْعَالِهَا وَ تَقْدِيرِهَا لِلْحَاجَةِ إِلَيْهَا وَ الْإِرْبِ فِيهَا وَ مَا فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ التَّدْبِيرِ وَ الْحِكْمَةِ وَ لَوْ لَا الْجَاذِبَةُ كَيْفَ يَتَحَرَّكُ الْإِنْسَانُ لِطَلَبِ الْغِذَاءِ الَّتِي بِهَا قِوَامُ الْبَدَنِ وَ لَوْ لَا الْمَاسِكَةُ كَيْفَ كَانَ يَلْبَثُ الطَّعَامُ فِي الْجَوْفِ حَتَّى تَهْضِمَهُ الْمَعِدَةُ وَ لَوْ لَا الْهَاضِمَةُ كَيْفَ كَانَ يَنْطَبِخُ حَتَّى يَخْلُصَ مِنْهُ الصَّفْوُ الَّذِي يَغْذُو الْبَدَنَ وَ يَسُدُّ خُلَلَهُ وَ لَوْ لَا الدَّافِعَةُ كَيْفَ كَانَ الثُّفْلُ الَّذِي تُخَلِّفُهُ الْهَاضِمَةُ يَنْدَفِعُ وَ يَخْرُجُ أَوَّلًا فَأَوَّلًا
Think regarding the evaluation of these four forces which are in the body, and their words, and their measurement for the need to these, and the purpose in these, and what is in that from the arrangement and the Wisdom; and had it not been for the attraction, how would the human being be move to seek the food by which his body can stand? And had it not been for the holding, how would the food remain in the inside until the stomach digests it? And had it not been for the digestion, how would it be absorbed until it is purified from it, the clean which sustains the body and fills the void? And had it not been for the driving, how would the weight which the digestion has left behind, be driven and expelled, first so first?
أَ فَلَا تَرَى كَيْفَ وَكَّلَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ بِلَطِيفِ صُنْعِهِ وَ حُسْنِ تَقْدِيرِهِ هَذِهِ الْقُوَى بِالْبَدَنِ وَ الْقِيَامِ بِمَا فِيهِ صَلَاحُهُ
Do you not see how Allah-azwj, Glorious is He-azwj, has Allocated with the subtleness of His-azwj Making, and excellence of His-azwj measurement, these forces with the body, and the standing with what is therein from his correction?
وَ سَأُمَثِّلُ لَكَ فِي ذَلِكَ مِثَالًا إِنَّ الْبَدَنَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ دَارِ الْمَلِكِ وَ لَهُ فِيهَا حَشَمٌ وَ صِبْيَةٌ وَ قُوَّامٌ مُوَكَّلُونَ بِالدَّارِ
And, I-asws shall give you an example regarding that – The body is at the status of the house of the king, and for it therein are servants, and maids, and infrastructure allocated with the house.
فَوَاحِدٌ لِإِقْضَاءِ حَوَائِجِ الْحَشَمِ وَ إِيرَادِهَا عَلَيْهِمْ وَ آخَرُ لِقَبْضِ مَا يَرِدُ وَ خَزْنِهِ إِلَى أَنْ يُعَالَجَ وَ يُهَيَّأَ وَ آخَرُ لِعِلَاجِ ذَلِكَ وَ تَهْيِئَتِهِ وَ تَفْرِيقِهِ وَ آخَرُ لِتَنْظِيفِ مَا فِي الدَّارِ مِنَ الْأَقْذَارِ وَ إِخْرَاجِهِ مِنْهَا فَالْمَلِكُ فِي هَذَا هُوَ الْخَلَّاقُ الْحَكِيمُ مَلِكُ الْعَالَمِينَ وَ الدَّارُ هِيَ الْبَدَنُ وَ الْحَشَمُ هِيَ الْأَعْضَاءِ وَ الْقُوَّامُ هِيَ هَذِهِ الْقُوَى الْأَرْبَعُ
So, one is for fulfilling the needs of the servants and its delivery to them; and the other is to withhold whatever comes, and collect it until it is processed and prepared; and another is to treat that and prepare it and disperse it; and another is to clean whatever rubbish is there in the house and take it out from it. So, the king in (all) this, he is the Creator, the Wise, King of the worlds, and the house is the body, and the servants, these are the body parts, and the infrastructure, these are the four forces.
وَ لَعَلَّكَ تَرَى ذِكْرَنَا هَذِهِ الْقُوَى الْأَرْبَعَ وَ أَفْعَالَهَا بَعْدَ الَّذِي وُصِفَتْ فَضْلًا وَ تَزْدَاداً وَ لَيْسَ مَا ذَكَرْتُهُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْقُوَى عَلَى الْجِهَةِ الَّتِي ذُكِرَتْ فِي كُتُبِ الْأَطِبَّاءِ وَ لَا قَوْلُنَا فِيهِ كَقَوْلِهِمْ لِأَنَّهُمْ ذَكَرُوهَا عَلَى مَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ فِي صِنَاعَةِ الطِّبِّ وَ تَصْحِيحِ الْأَبْدَانِ وَ ذَكَرْنَاهَا عَلَى مَا يَحْتَاجُ فِي صَلَاحِ الدِّينِ وَ شِفَاءِ النُّفُوسِ مِنَ الْغَيِّ كَالَّذِي أَوْضَحْتُهُ بِالْوَصْفِ الشَّافِي وَ الْمَثَلِ الْمَضْرُوبِ مِنَ التَّدْبِيرِ وَ الْحِكْمَةِ فِيهَا
And perhaps you view that we-asws mentioned these four forces and their works which I-asws described as an extra and additional, and I-asws didn’t mention it from these forces upon the aspect which is mentioned in the books of the physicians, nor is our-asws word like their word, because they mention it upon what they are needy to in the workings of the medicine and health of the bodies, and we-asws mention these upon what he is needy to regarding the health of the body, and healing of the souls from the error, like that which I-asws clarified with the description of the Healer, and the examples struck from the arrangement and the Wisdom in it.
تَأَمَّلْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ هَذِهِ الْقُوَى الَّتِي فِي النَّفْسِ وَ مَوْقِعَهَا مِنَ الْإِنْسَانِ أَعْنِي الْفِكْرَ وَ الْوَهْمَ وَ الْعَقْلَ وَ الْحِفْظَ وَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ أَ فَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ نُقِصَ الْإِنْسَانُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْخِلَالِ الْحِفْظَ وَحْدَهُ كَيْفَ كَانَتْ تَكُونُ حَالُهُ
Contemplate, O Mufazzal, on these powers which are in the self, and their locations from the human being, I-asws mean the thinking, and the imagination, and the intellect, and the memory and other than that. Do you see if the human being was deficient from these, the process of memorising alone, how would his state happen to be?
وَ كَمْ مِنْ خَلَلٍ كَانَ يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِ فِي أُمُورِهِ وَ مَعَاشِهِ وَ تَجَارِبِهِ إِذَا لَمْ يَحْفَظْ مَا لَهُ وَ عَلَيْهِ وَ مَا أَخَذَهُ وَ مَا أَعْطَى وَ مَا رَأَى وَ مَا سَمِعَ وَ مَا قَالَ وَ مَا قِيلَ لَهُ وَ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ مَنْ أَحْسَنَ إِلَيْهِ مِمَّنْ أَسَاءَ بِهِ وَ مَا نَفَعَهُ مِمَّا ضَرَّهُ
And how many drawbacks would enter upon him in his affairs and his life and his experiences, when he cannot memorise what is for him and against him, and what he takes and what he gives, and what he sees and what he hears, and what he says and what is said to him, and he does not remember the one who is good to him from the one who is evil with him, and what benefits him from what harms him.
ثُمَّ كَانَ لَا يَهْتَدِي لِطَرِيقٍ لَوْ سَلَكَهُ مَا لَا يُحْصَى وَ لَا يَحْفَظُ عِلْماً وَ لَوْ دَرَسَهُ عُمُرَهُ وَ لَا يَعْتَقِدُ دِيناً وَ لَا يَنْتَفِعُ بِتَجْرِبَةٍ وَ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَعْتَبِرَ شَيْئاً عَلَى مَا مَضَى بَلْ كَانَ حَقِيقاً أَنْ يَنْسَلِخَ مِنَ الْإِنْسَانِيَّةِ أَصْلًا فَانْظُرْ إِلَى النِّعْمَةِ عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ فِي هَذِهِ الْخِلَالِ وَ كَيْفَ مَوْقِعُ الْوَاحِدَةِ مِنْهَا دُونَ الْجَمِيعِ
Then he would not be guided to a path if he had travelled it what he cannot count, nor memorise a knowledge and even if he has studied it his whole life, nor beliefs of a religion, nor benefit from his experiences, nor be able to learn something upon what has passed. But, in reality, he would be cut off from the humanity originally. Therefore, look at the Favour upon the human being in these traits, and how to locate the one from these besides all?
وَ أَعْظَمُ مِنَ النِّعْمَةِ عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ فِي الْحِفْظِ النِّعْمَةُ فِي النِّسْيَانِ فَإِنَّهُ لَوْ لَا النِّسْيَانُ لَمَا سَلَا أَحَدٌ عَنْ مُصِيبَةٍ وَ لَا انْقَضَتْ لَهُ حَسْرَةٌ وَ لَا مَاتَ لَهُ حِقْدٌ وَ لَا اسْتَمْتَعَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ مَتَاعِ الدُّنْيَا مَعَ تَذَكُّرِ الْآفَاتِ وَ لَا رَجَا غَفْلَةً مِنْ سُلْطَانٍ وَ لَا فَتْرَةً مِنْ حَاسِدٍ
And greater than the Favour upon the human being regarding the memory, is the forgetfulness, for had it not been for the forgetfulness, no one would have been inattentive of his calamity, nor would the regret be terminated for him, nor would a grudge die for him, nor would be enjoy with anything from the enjoyments of the world along with the remembrance of the affliction, nor be hopeful of neglect from a ruling authority, nor would then be an interval from an envier.
أَ فَلَا تَرَى كَيْفَ جُعِلَ فِي الْإِنْسَانِ الْحِفْظُ وَ النِّسْيَانُ وَ هُمَا مُخْتَلِفَانِ مُتَضَادَّانِ وَ جُعِلَ لَهُ فِي كُلٍّ مِنْهُمَا ضَرْبٌ مِنَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ وَ مَا عَسَى أَنْ يَقُولَ الَّذِينَ قَسَّمُوا الْأَشْيَاءَ بَيْنَ خَالِقَيْنِ مُتَضَادَّيْنِ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءِ الْمُتَضَادَّةِ الْمُتَبَايَنَةِ وَ قَدْ تَرَاهَا تَجْتَمِعُ عَلَى مَا فِيهِ الصَّلَاحُ وَ الْمَنْفَعَةُ
Do you not see how it has been made to be in the human being, the memorising, and the forgetfulness, and these are both of different, opposites, and there has been made for each of these, a portion of interest? And what would they say, those who are dividing the things between two opposing creators, regarding these opposite things being joined, and you have seen these two gathered upon what therein is the interest and the benefits?
انْظُرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ إِلَى مَا خُصَّ بِهِ الْإِنْسَانُ دُونَ جَمِيعِ الْحَيَوَانِ مِنْ هَذَا الْخَلْقِ الْجَلِيلُ قَدْرُهُ الْعَظِيمُ غَنَاؤُهُ أَعْنِي الْحَيَاءَ فَلَوْلَاهُ لَمْ يُقْرَ ضَيْفٌ وَ لَمْ يُوَفَّ بِالْعِدَاتِ وَ لَمْ تُقْضَ الْحَوَائِجُ وَ لَمْ يُتَحَرَّ الْجَمِيلُ وَ لَمْ يَتَنَكَّبِ الْقَبِيحُ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْأَشْيَاءِ حَتَّى إِنَّ كَثِيراً مِنَ الْأُمُورِ الْمُفْتَرَضَةِ أَيْضاً
Look, O Mufazzal, at what the human being has been specialised with besides the entirety of the animals from this creation. The Majestic has Determined it, and the Magnificent is its formation, meaning the life. Had it not been it, a guest would not be entertained, and the entrustments would not be paid, and the needs would not be fulfilled, and the adorable would not be asked for, and the obnoxious would not be avoided in a thing from the things, to the extent as many of the necessary matters as well.
إِنَّمَا يُفْعَلُ لِلْحَيَاءِ فَإِنَّ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ لَوْ لَا الْحَيَاءُ لَمْ يَرْعَ حَقَّ وَالِدَيْهِ وَ لَمْ يَصِلْ ذَا رَحِمٍ وَ لَمْ يُؤَدِّ أَمَانَةً وَ لَمْ يَعِفَّ عَنْ فَاحِشَةٍ أَ فَلَا تَرَى كَيْفَ وُفِّيَ لِلْإِنْسَانِ جَمِيعُ الْخِلَالِ الَّتِي فِيهَا صَلَاحُهُ وَ تَمَامُ أَمْرِهِ
But rather, he does it for the life for, from the people there is one who, had it not been for the living would not see the right of the wergild, and would not help the ones with relationships, and would not pay back an entrustment, and would not absolve (liberate) himself from immoralities. Do you not see how it has been fulfilled for the human beings, the entirety of the traits in which are his interests, and the completion of his life?
تَأَمَّلْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ مَا أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ تَقَدَّسَتْ أَسْمَاؤُهُ بِهِ عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ مِنْ هَذَا النُّطْقِ الَّذِي يُعَبِّرُ بِهِ عَمَّا فِي ضَمِيرِهِ وَ مَا يَخْطُرُ بِقَلْبِهِ وَ نَتِيجَةِ فِكْرِهِ وَ بِهِ يَفْهَمُ عَنْ غَيْرِهِ مَا فِي نَفْسِهِ وَ لَوْ لَا ذَلِكَ كَانَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْبَهَائِمِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ الَّتِي لَا تُخْبِرُ عَنْ نَفْسِهَا بِشَيْءٍ وَ لَا تَفْهَمُ عَنْ مُخْبِرٍ شَيْئاً
Contemplate, O Mufazzal, what Allah-azwj, Holy are His-azwj Names, has Favoured upon the human being with, from this pronunciation which he expresses of what is in his conscience, and what he notices with his heart, and the result of his thoughts, and by it he understands about others what is within himself, and had it not been that, he would be at the status of the neglected beasts which are not informed about their own selves with anything, nor do they understand anything about the informer.
وَ كَذَلِكَ الْكِتَابَةُ الَّتِي بِهَا تُقَيَّدُ أَخْبَارُ الْمَاضِينَ لِلْبَاقِينَ وَ أَخْبَارُ الْبَاقِينَ لِلْآتِينَ وَ بِهَا تُخَلَّدُ الْكُتُبُ فِي الْعُلُومِ وَ الْآدَابِ وَ غَيْرِهَا وَ بِهَا يَحْفَظُ الْإِنْسَانُ ذِكْرَ مَا يَجْرِي بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ غَيْرِهِ مِنَ الْمُعَامَلَاتِ وَ الْحِسَابِ
And similar to that is the writing by which you observe the news of the past for the remaining ones, and the news of the remaining ones for the two, and by it the books are eternal in the knowledge, and the education and other such things, and by it the human being preserves the mention of what has flowed between him and others from the dealings and the accounting.
وَ لَوْلَاهُ لَانْقَطَعَ أَخْبَارُ بَعْضِ الْأَزْمِنَةِ عَنْ بَعْضٍ وَ أَخْبَارُ الْغَائِبِينَ عَنْ أَوْطَانِهِمْ وَ دَرَسَتِ الْعُلُومُ وَ ضَاعَتِ الْآدَابُ وَ عَظُمَ مَا يَدْخُلُ عَلَى النَّاسِ مِنَ الْخَلَلِ فِي أُمُورِهِمْ وَ مُعَامَلَاتِهِمْ وَ مَا يَحْتَاجُونَ إِلَى النَّظَرِ فِيهِ مِنْ أَمْرِ دِينِهِمْ وَ مَا رُوِيَ لَهُمْ مِمَّا لَا يَسَعُهُمْ جَهْلُهُ
And had it not been for it (writing), the news of some of the eras would be cut off from some, and the news of the ones absent from their homelands, and obliteration (destruction) of the knowledges, and the literature would be lost, and it would be grievous what would enter upon the people from the disturbances in their matters and their dealings and what they would be needy to the looking into from the matters of their Religion, and what is reported to them from what there is no leeway for them of its ignorance.
وَ لَعَلَّكَ تَظُنُّ أَنَّهَا مِمَّا يُخْلَصُ إِلَيْهِ بِالْحِيلَةِ وَ الْفِطْنَةِ وَ لَيْسَتْ مِمَّا أُعْطِيَهُ الْإِنْسَانُ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ وَ طِبَاعِهِ وَ كَذَلِكَ الْكَلَامُ إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَيْءٌ يَصْطَلِحُ عَلَيْهِ النَّاسُ فَيَجْرِي بَيْنَهُمْ وَ لِهَذَا صَارَ يَخْتَلِفُ فِي الْأُمَمِ الْمُخْتَلِفَةِ بِأَلْسُنٍ مُخْتَلِفَةٍ وَ كَذَلِكَ الْكِتَابَةُ كَكِتَابَةِ الْعَرَبِيِّ وَ السِّرْيَانِيِّ وَ الْعِبْرَانِيِّ وَ الرُّومِيِّ وَ غَيْرِهَا مِنْ سَائِرِ الْكِتَابَةِ الَّتِي هِيَ مُتَفَرِّقَةٌ فِي الْأُمَمِ
And perhaps you think that it is from what you can conclude to with the means and the wisdom, and it isn’t from what is Given to the human being from his creation and his nature. And similar to that is the speech, but rather it is something the people are agreeable upon. So, it flowed between them, and for this it became different in the different communities with the different tongues (languages). And similar to that is the writing like the writing of Arabic, and Assyrian, and Hebrew, and Roman, and others from the rest of the writings, which are different in the communities.
إِنَّمَا اصْطَلَحُوا عَلَيْهَا كَمَا اصْطَلَحُوا عَلَى الْكَلَامِ فَيُقَالُ لِمَنْ ادَّعَى ذَلِكَ إِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ فِي الْأَمْرَيْنِ جَمِيعاً فِعْلٌ أَوْ حِيلَةٌ فَإِنَّ الشَّيْءَ الَّذِي يَبْلُغُ بِهِ ذَلِكَ الْفِعْلَ وَ الْحِيلَةَ عَطِيَّةٌ وَ هِبَةٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي خَلْقِهِ فَإِنَّهُ لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِسَانٌ مُهَيَّأٌ لِلْكَلَامِ وَ ذِهْنٌ يَهْتَدِي بِهِ لِلْأُمُورِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيَتَكَلَّمَ أَبَداً وَ لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كَفٌّ مُهَيَّأَةٌ وَ أَصَابِعُ لِلْكِتَابَةِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيَكْتُبَ أَبَداً
But rather, they are as agreeable upon it as they are agreeable upon the speech, so it is said to the one who claims that, the human being, and if there were two matters for him together, be it a deed or a means, so the thing which he can reach that deed and the means with is a Present, a Gift from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic among His-azwj creatures. So, if there did not happen to be a tongue for him prepared for the speech, and a mind to be guided with for the affairs, he would not happen to speak, ever; and if there did not happen to be for him a wrist and fingers prepared for the writing, he would not happen to write, ever!
وَ اعْتَبِرْ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْبَهَائِمِ الَّتِي لَا كَلَامَ لَهَا وَ لَا كِتَابَةَ فَأَصْلُ ذَلِكَ فِطْرَةُ الْبَارِئِ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ وَ مَا تَفَضَّلَ بِهِ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ فَمَنْ شَكَرَ أُثِيبَ وَ مَنْ كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ الْعالَمِينَ
And consider that from the animal who does not have the speech for it nor a writing. The origin of that is the nature by the Creator Mighty and Majestic, and what he has been merited with over His-azwj creatures. So, the one who thanks, is affirmed, and one who commits Kufr, then Allah-azwj is needless of the worlds.
ذَكِّرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ فِيمَا أُعْطِيَ الْإِنْسَانُ عِلْمَهُ وَ مَا مُنِعَ فَإِنَّهُ أُعْطِيَ عِلْمَ جَمِيعِ مَا فِيهِ صَلَاحُ دِينِهِ وَ دُنْيَاهُ فَمِمَّا فِيهِ صَلَاحُ دِينِهِ مَعْرِفَةُ الْخَالِقِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى بِالدَّلَائِلِ وَ الشَّوَاهِدِ الْقَائِمَةِ فِي الْخَلْقِ وَ مَعْرِفَةُ الْوَاجِبِ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْعَدْلِ عَلَى النَّاسِ كَافَّةً وَ بِرِّ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَ أَدَاءِ الْأَمَانَةِ وَ مُوَاسَاةِ أَهْلِ الْخُلَّةِ وَ أَشْبَاهِ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا قَدْ تُوجَدُ مَعْرِفَتُهُ وَ الْإِقْرَارُ وَ الِاعْتِرَافُ بِهِ فِي الطَّبْعِ وَ الْفِطْرَةِ مِنْ كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ مُوَافِقَةً أَوْ مُخَالِفَةً
Remember, O Mufazzal! Among what the human being has been Given is his knowledge and what is Forbidden, and he has been Given the knowledge of the entirety of whatever wherein is the correction of his Religion and his world. So, from what is correct for his Religion is the recognition of the Creator Blessed and Exalted, with the evidences, and the existing signs in the creation, and recognition of the Obligations upon him from the justice upon the people altogether, and righteousness with the parents, and giving the entrustments, and comforting the lonely people, and the like of that, from what you would find His-azwj recognition, and the acceptance, and the acknowledgement with Him-azwj in the habits and nature of every community, be it harmonious or different.
وَ كَذَلِكَ أُعْطِيَ عِلْمَ مَا فِيهِ صَلَاحُ دُنْيَاهُ كَالزِّرَاعَةِ وَ الْغِرَاسِ وَ اسْتِخْرَاجِ الْأَرَضِينَ وَ اقْتِنَاءِ الْأَغْنَامِ وَ الْأَنْعَامِ وَ اسْتِنْبَاطِ الْمِيَاهِ وَ مَعْرِفَةِ الْعَقَاقِيرِ الَّتِي يُسْتَشْفَى بِهَا مِنْ ضُرُوبِ الْأَسْقَامِ وَ الْمَعَادِنِ الَّتِي يُسْتَخْرَجُ مِنْهَا أَنْوَاعُ الْجَوَاهِرِ وَ رُكُوبِ السُّفُنِ وَ الْغَوْصِ فِي الْبَحْرِ وَ ضُرُوبِ الْحِيَلِ فِي صَيْدِ الْوَحْشِ وَ الطَّيْرِ وَ الْحِيتَانِ وَ التَّصَرُّفِ فِي الصِّنَاعَاتِ وَ وُجُوهِ الْمَتَاجِرِ وَ الْمَكَاسِبِ وَ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا يَطُولُ شَرْحُهُ وَ يَكْثُرُ تَعْدَادُهُ مِمَّا فِيهِ صَلَاحُ أَمْرِهِ فِي هَذِهِ الدَّارِ
And similar to that is the Gift of knowledge what is therein from the correction of his world, like the planting and the sowing and the ploughing of the land, and the acquisition of the sheep and the cattle, and the development of the waters, and the recognition of the medicines which can be cured with when ones hit by the sickness, and the mines from which the variety of the gems are extracted, and sailing the ship and the diving in the ocean, and striking the tricks in hunting the wild animals, and the birds, and the fishes, and the working in the industries, and variety of the trades and the earnings, and other than that from what would prolong his life and increase his numbers from what wherein is the correction of his life in this house (world).
فَأُعْطِيَ عِلْمَ مَا يُصْلِحُ بِهِ دِينَهُ وَ دُنْيَاهُ وَ مُنِعَ مَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ مِمَّا لَيْسَ فِي شَأْنِهِ وَ لَا طَاقَتِهِ أَنْ يَعْلَمَ كَعِلْمِ الْغَيْبِ وَ مَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ وَ بَعْضُ مَا قَدْ كَانَ أَيْضاً كَعِلْمِ مَا فَوْقَ السَّمَاءِ وَ مَا تَحْتَ الْأَرْضِ وَ مَا فِي لُجَجِ الْبِحَارِ وَ أَقْطَارِ الْعَالَمِ وَ مَا فِي قُلُوبِ النَّاسِ وَ مَا فِي الْأَرْحَامِ وَ أَشْبَاهِ هَذَا مِمَّا حُجِبَ عَلَى النَّاسِ عِلْمُهُ
He is Given knowledge on what he can correct his Religion and his world with it, and has been Prevented from what is besides that, from what isn’t in his occupation, nor his strength that he knows, like knowledge of the unseen and what would be coming into existence, and some of what has happened as well, like the knowledge of what is above the sky, and what is beneath the ground, and what is in the waves of the sea, and the horizons of the universe, and what is in the hearts of the people, and what is in the wombs, and the likes of this from the knowledge of what is veiled upon the people.
وَ قَدِ ادَّعَتْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ هَذِهِ الْأُمُورَ فَأَبْطَلَ دَعْوَاهُمْ مَا بُيِّنَ مِنْ خَطَائِهِمْ فِيمَا يَقْضُونَ عَلَيْهِ وَ يَحْكُمُونَ بِهِ فِيمَا ادَّعَوْا عِلْمَهُ فَانْظُرْ كَيْفَ أُعْطِيَ الْإِنْسَانُ عِلْمَ جَمِيعِ مَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ لِدِينِهِ وَ دُنْيَاهُ وَ حُجِبَ عَنْهُ مَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ لِيَعْرِفَ قَدْرَهُ وَ نَقْصَهُ وَ كِلَا الْأَمْرَيْنِ فِيهِمَا صَلَاحُهُ
And a group of people had claimed these matters, so it invalidated their calls what is between from their errors regarding what they judged against, and are being judged with, regarding the knowledge of what they claimed. Therefore, look how the human being has been Given the knowledge of the entirety of which he is needy to for his Religion and his world, and it is veiled from him what is besides that, for him to recognise his worth and his faults, and both the matters in what is his interest.
تَأَمَّلِ الْآنَ يَا مُفَضَّلُ مَا سُتِرَ عَنِ الْإِنْسَانِ عِلْمُهُ مِنْ مُدَّةِ حَيَاتِهِ فَإِنَّهُ لَوْ عَرَفَ مِقْدَارَ عُمُرِهِ وَ كَانَ قَصِيرَ الْعُمُرِ لَمْ يَتَهَنَّأْ بِالْعَيْشِ مَعَ تَرَقُّبِ الْمَوْتِ وَ تَوَقُّعِهِ لِوَقْتٍ قَدْ عَرَفَهُ بَلْ كَانَ يَكُونُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ مَنْ قَدْ فَنِيَ مَالُهُ أَوْ قَارَبَ الْفَنَاءَ فَقَدِ اسْتَشْعَرَ الْفَقْرَ وَ الْوَجَلَ مِنْ فَنَاءِ مَالِهِ وَ خَوْفِ الْفَقْرِ
Contemplate now, O Mufazzal, from the knowledge of what is veiled from the human being, from the term of his life-span, for he, if he had known his age, and he was of a short life-span, he would not be welcoming with the life being so close to the death, and his expectation of the time he had known. But, he would be at the status of the one whose wealth has perished, or near to the perishing, so he began to feel the poverty and the grief from the perishing of his wealth and the fear of poverty.
عَلَى أَنَّ الَّذِي يَدْخُلُ عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ مِنْ فَنَاءِ الْعُمُرِ أَعْظَمُ مِمَّا يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ فَنَاءِ الْمَالِ لِأَنَّ مَنْ يَقِلُّ مَالُهُ يَأْمُلُ أَنْ يَسْتَخْلِفَ مِنْهُ فَيَسْكُنَ إِلَى ذَلِكَ وَ مَنْ أَيْقَنَ بِفَنَاءِ الْعُمُرِ اسْتَحْكَمَ عَلَيْهِ الْيَأْسُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ طَوِيلَ الْعُمُرِ ثُمَّ عَرَفَ ذَلِكَ وَثِقَ بِالْبَقَاءِ وَ انْهَمَكَ فِي اللَّذَّاتِ وَ الْمَعَاصِي وَ عَمِلَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ يَبْلُغُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَهْوَتَهُ ثُمَّ يَتُوبُ فِي آخِرِ عُمُرِهِ وَ هَذَا مَذْهَبٌ لَا يَرْضَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ وَ لَا يَقْبَلُهُ
On top of that is, that which enters upon the human being from the perishing of the age is more grievous than what enters upon him from the perishing of the wealth, because the one who is of little wealth, things that there can be a replacement of it, and he is tranquil to that, but one who is certain of the perishing of the life, the despair would take a position upon him, and even if he was of a long life. Then he would recognise that and he would grab on with the remaining (in the world), and he would engage in the pleasures and the acts of disobedience and (such) deeds. On top of that he would reach from that desires of his, then repent at the end of his life-span, and this is a doctrine which Allah-azwj is not Pleased with from His-azwj servants, nor would He-azwj Accept it.
أَ لَا تَرَى لَوْ أَنَّ عَبْداً لَكَ عَمِلَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ يُسْخِطُكَ سَنَةً وَ يُرْضِيكَ يَوْماً أَوْ شَهْراً لَمْ تَقْبَلْ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ وَ لَمْ يَحِلَّ عِنْدَكَ مَحَلَّ الْعَبْدِ الصَّالِحِ دُونَ أَنْ يُضْمِرَ طَاعَتَكَ وَ نُصْحَكَ فِي كُلِّ الْأُمُورِ وَ فِي كُلِّ الْأَوْقَاتِ عَلَى تَصَرُّفِ الْحَالاتِ
Do you not see, if a servant of yours were to work upon that he would anger you for a year, and please you for a day, or a month, you would not accept that from him, and he would not be placed in your presence at the place of the righteous servant, besides that, he would harbour your obedience and your advice in all matters and during all times on the conduct of the situations.
فَإِنْ قُلْتَ أَ وَ لَيْسَ قَدْ يُقِيمُ الْإِنْسَانُ عَلَى الْمَعْصِيَةِ حِيناً ثُمَّ يَتُوبُ فَتُقْبَلُ تَوْبَتُهُ
If you were to say, ‘Or isn’t it the case that the human being stays upon the disobedience for a while, then repents, so his repentance is Accepted?’
قُلْنَا إِنَّ ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ يَكُونُ مِنَ الْإِنْسَانِ لِغَلَبَةِ الشَّهَوَاتِ وَ تَرْكِهِ مُخَالَفَتَهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يُقَدِّرَهَا فِي نَفْسِهِ وَ يَبْنِيَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْرَهُ فَيَصْفَحُ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَ يَتَفَضَّلُ عَلَيْهِ بِالْمَغْفِرَةِ
We-asws say: ‘That is something which would happen from the human being due to being overcome by the desires and his neglecting opposing it, from other than being able upon in within himself, and he builds his life upon it, so Allah-azwj Excuses him from it, and Merits upon him with the Forgiveness.
فَأَمَّا مَنْ قَدَّرَ أَمْرَهُ عَلَى أَنْ يَعْصِيَ مَا بَدَا لَهُ ثُمَّ يَتُوبَ آخِرَ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّمَا يُحَاوِلُ خَدِيعَةَ مَنْ لَا يُخَادَعُ بِأَنْ يَتَسَلَّفَ التَّلَذُّذَ فِي الْعَاجِلِ وَ يَعِدَ وَ يُمَنِّيَ نَفْسَهُ التَّوْبَةَ فِي الْآجِلِ وَ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَفِي بِمَا يَعِدُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّ النُزُوعَ مِنَ التَّرَفُّهِ وَ التَّلَذُّذِ وَ مُعَانَاةَ التَّوْبَةِ وَ لَا سِيَّمَا عِنْدَ الْكِبَرِ وَ ضَعْفِ الْبَدَنِ أَمْرٌ صَعْبٌ وَ لَا يُؤْمَنُ عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ مَعَ مُدَافَعَتِهِ بِالتَّوْبَةِ أَنْ يُرْهِقَهُ الْمَوْتُ فَيَخْرُجَ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا غَيْرَ تَائِبٍ
As for one who determines his age upon that he would disobey whatever comes to him, then he would repent at the end of that, so rather he tries to deceive One-azwj Who cannot be deceived, by that the immediate pleasures would be fulfilled, and he would leave and prevent his self the repentance in the future, and because he does not fulfil with what he leaves from that, the tendency of the luxury and the pleasure, and the suffering of the repentance, and there is no limit in the old after and weakness of the body, it is a difficult matter, nor it is safe upon the human being with the defence of the repentance, that the death could overwhelm him, and he would exit from the world without having repented.
كَمَا قَدْ يَكُونُ عَلَى الْوَاحِدِ دَيْنٌ إِلَى أَجَلٍ وَ قَدْ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى قَضَائِهِ فَلَا يَزَالُ يُدَافِعُ بِذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَحِلَّ الْأَجَلُ وَ قَدْ نَفِدَ الْمَالُ فَيَبْقَى الدَّيْنُ قَائِماً عَلَيْهِ فَكَانَ خَيْرَ الْأَشْيَاءِ لِلْإِنْسَانِ أَنْ يُسْتَرَ عَنْهُ مَبْلَغُ عُمُرِهِ فَيَكُونَ طُولَ عُمُرِهِ يَتَرَقَّبُ الْمَوْتَ فَيَتْرُكَ الْمَعَاصِيَ وَ يُؤْثِرَ الْعَمَلَ الصَّالِحَ
It is like one upon whom is a debt for the near term, and he has the ability upon fulfilling it, he does not cease to postpone it until the next term, and the wealth has depleted, so the debt remains standing upon him. The best of things for the human being would be that He-azwj Veils from him the age of his life-span, and the prolongation of his life awaiting the death, and he would avoid the acts of disobedience, and he would prefer the righteous deeds.
فَإِنْ قُلْتَ وَ هَا هُوَ الْآنَ قَدْ سُتِرَ عَنْهُ مِقْدَارُ حَيَاتِهِ وَ صَارَ يَتَرَقَّبُ الْمَوْتَ فِي كُلِّ سَاعَةٍ يُقَارِفُ الْفَوَاحِشَ وَ يَنْتَهِكُ الْمَحَارِمَ
If you were to say, ‘And here, now the measurement of his life-span is veiled from him, and he has become awaiting the death during all times, committing the immoralities and violating the sanctity’.
قُلْنَا إِنَّ وَجْهَ التَّدْبِيرِ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ هُوَ الَّذِي جَرَى عَلَيْهِ الْأَمْرُ فِيهِ فَإِنْ كَانَ الْإِنْسَانُ مَعَ ذَلِكَ لَا يَرْعَوِي وَ لَا يَنْصَرِفُ عَنِ الْمَسَاوِي فَإِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ مِنْ مَرَحِهِ وَ مِنْ قَسَاوَةِ قَلْبِهِ لَا مِنْ خَطَإٍ فِي التَّدْبِيرِ
We-asws say: ‘An aspect of the Providence in this chapter, it is which flows upon him, the Command regarding him. If the human being, along with that does not refrain and does not turn away from the evil action, so rather that is from his happiness and from the hardness of his heart, not from an error in his arrangement.
كَمَا أَنَّ الطَّبِيبَ قَدْ يَصِفُ لِلْمَرِيضِ مَا يَنْتَفِعُ بِهِ فَإِنْ كَانَ الْمَرِيضُ مُخَالِفاً لِقَوْلِ الطَّبِيبِ لَا يَعْمَلُ بِمَا يَأْمُرُهُ وَ لَا يَنْتَهِي عَمَّا يَنْهَاهُ عَنْهُ لَمْ يَنْتَفِعْ بِصِفَتِهِ وَ لَمْ يَكُنِ الْإِسَاءَةُ فِي ذَلِكَ لِلطَّبِيبِ بَلْ لِلْمَرِيضِ حَيْثُ لَمْ يَقْبَلْ مِنْهُ
(It is) just as the physician who has prescribed for the patient what he would benefit with, but if the patient opposes the word of the physician, not acting by what he had instructed him, nor refraining from what he had forbidden him from, he would not benefit with his prescription, and it would not happen to be the damage in that for the physician, but it would be for the patient, where he did not accept from him.
وَ لَئِنْ كَانَ الْإِنْسَانُ مَعَ تَرَقُّبِهِ لِلْمَوْتِ كُلَّ سَاعَةٍ لَا يَمْتَنِعُ عَنِ الْمَعَاصِي فَإِنَّهُ لَوْ وَثِقَ بِطُولِ الْبَقَاءِ كَانَ أَحْرَى بِأَنْ يَخْرُجَ إِلَى الْكَبَائِرِ الْفَظِيعَةِ فَتَرَقُّبُ الْمَوْتِ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ خَيْرٌ لَهُ مِنَ الثِّقَةِ بِالْبَقَاءِ
And if the human being, along with waiting for the death all the time, does not refrain from the acts of disobedience, then if he had been documented with the length of the remaining, would be free with going out to the terrible major sins. Thus, awaiting death upon all states is better for him than the confidence with the remaining (alive).
ثُمَّ إِنَّ تَرَقُّبَ الْمَوْتِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ صِنْفٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ يَلْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ وَ لَا يَتَّعِظُونَ بِهِ فَقَدْ يَتَّعِظُ بِهِ صِنْفٌ آخَرُ مِنْهُمْ وَ يَنْزِعُونَ عَنِ الْمَعَاصِي وَ يُؤْثِرُونَ الْعَمَلَ الصَّالِحَ وَ يَجُودُونَ بِالْأَمْوَالِ وَ الْعَقَائِلِ النَّفِيسَةِ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ عَلَى الْفُقَرَاءِ وَ الْمَسَاكِينِ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ مِنَ الْعَدْلِ أَنْ يُحْرَمَ هَؤُلَاءِ الِانْتِفَاعَ بِهَذِهِ الْخَصْلَةِ لِتَضْيِيعِ أُولَئِكَ حَظَّهُمْ مِنْهَا
Then, if he awaits the death, and even if a type of the people take it easy from it and are not caring about it, and another type from them cares about it, and they are removed from the disobedience and are preferring the righteous deeds, and are being generous with the wealth, and the wise souls are giving the charity upon the poor and the needy. It would not happen to be from the justice if they are deprived the benefits of these characteristics, to waste those, their share from it.
فَكِّرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ فِي الْأَحْلَامِ كَيْفَ دَبَّرَ الْأَمْرَ فِيهَا فَمَزَجَ صَادِقَهَا بِكَاذِبِهَا فَإِنَّهَا لَوْ كَانَتْ كُلُّهَا تَصْدُقُ لَكَانَ النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ أَنْبِيَاءَ وَ لَوْ كَانَتْ كُلُّهَا تَكْذِبُ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهَا مَنْفَعَةٌ بَلْ كَانَتْ فَضْلًا لَا مَعْنَى لَهُ فَصَارَتْ تَصْدُقُ أَحْيَاناً فَيَنْتَفِعُ بِهَا النَّاسُ فِي مَصْلَحَةٍ يَهْتَدِي لَهَا أَوْ مَضَرَّةٍ يَتَحَذَّرُ مِنْهَا وَ تَكْذِبُ كَثِيراً لِئَلَّا يَعْتَمِدَ عَلَيْهَا كُلَّ الِاعْتِمَادِ
Think, O Mufazzal, regarding the dreams, how the matters are managed in these. The truthful of these (dreams) are mixed with its false. If all of these had been true, all of the people would have been Prophets-as; and if all of these (dreams) had been false, there would not have been any benefit, but these would have been excess with no meaning for it. Sometimes there are true, and the people benefit by these in the interest of being guided to these, or a harm they could be cautious from, and most are false, lest relying ones relying with all the reliance.
فَكِّرْ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءِ الَّتِي تَرَاهَا مَوْجُودَةً مُعَدَّةً فِي الْعَالَمِ مِنْ مَآرِبِهِمْ فَالتُّرَابُ لِلْبِنَاءِ وَ الْحَدِيدُ لِلصِّنَاعَاتِ وَ الْخَشَبُ لِلسُّفُنِ وَ غَيْرِهَا وَ الْحِجَارَةُ لِلْأَرْحَاءِ وَ غَيْرِهَا وَ النُّحَاسُ لِلْأَوَانِي وَ الذَّهَبُ وَ الْفِضَّةُ لِلْمُعَامَلَةِ وَ الْجَوْهَرُ لِلذَّخِيرَةِ وَ الْحُبُوبُ لِلْغِذَاءِ وَ الثِّمَارُ لِلتَّفَكُّهِ وَ اللَّحْمُ لِلْمَأْكَلِ وَ الطِّيبُ لِلتَّلَذُّذِ وَ الْأَدْوِيَةُ لِلتَّصْحِيحِ وَ الدَّوَابُّ لِلْحُمُولَةِ وَ الْحَطَبُ لِلتَّوَقُّدِ وَ الرَّمَادُ لِلْكِلْسِ وَ الرَّمْلُ لِلْأَرْضِ
Think, regarding these things, which you see existing in the universe, from their purpose. The soil is for the building, and the iron is for the manufacturing, and the wood is for the ship and other such things, and the stones are for the grinding and other such things, and the brass is for the utensils, and the gold and silver are for the dealings, and the gems are for the hoarding treasures, and the grains are for the provisions, and the fruits are for the enjoyment, and the meat is for the consuming, and the perfume is for the pleasure, and the medicines are for the health, and the animal are for the carrying loads, and the firewood is for the igniting, and the ash is for the lime, and the sand is for the ground.
وَ كَمْ عَسَى أَنْ يُحْصِيَ الْمُحْصِي مِنْ هَذَا وَ شِبْهِهِ أَ رَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ دَاخِلًا دَخَلَ دَاراً فَنَظَرَ إِلَى خَزَائِنَ مَمْلُوَّةٍ مِنْ كُلِّ مَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ النَّاسُ وَ رَأَى كُلَّ مَا فِيهَا مَجْمُوعاً مُعَدّاً لِأَسْبَابٍ مَعْرُوفَةٍ لَكَانَ يَتَوَهَّمُ أَنَّ مِثْلَ هَذَا يَكُونُ بِالْإِهْمَالِ وَ مِنْ غَيْرِ عَمْدٍ فَكَيْفَ يَسْتَجِيزُ قَائِلٌ أَنْ يَقُولَ هَذَا فِي الْعَالَمِ وَ مَا أُعِدَّ فِيهِ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءِ
And how many can the counter count from these, and the likes of it. Do you see, if a comer were to enter a house and he looks at the treasures filled, from all what the people could be needy to, and he sees that all what is therein is gathered, prepared for known reasons, would he imagine that the like of this would happen with the chaos (without planning), and from without a deliberation? How can a speaker have the audacity to be saying this regarding the world, and whatever has been prepared in it from these things?
اعْتَبِرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ بِأَشْيَاءَ خُلِقَتْ لِمَآرِبِ الْإِنْسَانِ وَ مَا فِيهَا مِنَ التَّدْبِيرِ فَإِنَّهُ خُلِقَ لَهُ الْحَبُّ لِطَعَامِهِ وَ كُلِّفَ طَحْنَهُ وَ عَجْنَهُ وَ خَبْزَهُ وَ خُلِقَ لَهُ الْوَبَرُ لِكِسْوَتِهِ فَكُلِّفَ نَدْفَهُ وَ غَزْلَهُ وَ نَسْجَهُ وَ خُلِقَ لَهُ الشَّجَرُ فَكُلِّفَ غَرْسَهَا وَ سَقْيَهَا وَ الْقِيَامَ عَلَيْهَا وَ خُلِقَتْ لَهُ الْعَقَاقِيرُ لِأَدْوِيَتِهِ فَكُلِّفَ لَقْطَهَا وَ خَلْطَهَا وَ صُنْعَهَا وَ كَذَلِكَ تَجِدُ سَائِرَ الْأَشْيَاءِ عَلَى هَذَا الْمِثَالِ
Consider, O Mufazzal, the things, which are created for the purpose of the human beings, and what is therein from the arrangement, for the grain is Created for him for his food, and he is encumbered with the grinding, and the kneading, and the baking. And the fur is Created for him for his clothing, and he is encumbered with its combing, and its spinning, and its weaving. And the tree is Created for him, and he is encumbered with planting it, and irrigating it, and the looking after it. And the medication has been Created for him for his cures, and he is encumbered with clipping it, and mixing it, and making it. And similar to that, you will find the rest of the things to be upon this example.
فَانْظُرْ كَيْفَ كُفِيَ الْخِلْقَةَ الَّتِي لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ فِيهَا حِيلَةٌ وَ تُرِكَ عَلَيْهِ فِي كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْأَشْيَاءِ مَوْضِعُ عَمَلٍ وَ حَرَكَةٍ لِمَا لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ الصَّلَاحِ لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ كُفِيَ هَذَا كُلُّهُ حَتَّى لَا يَكُونَ لَهُ فِي الْأَشْيَاءِ مَوْضِعُ شُغُلٍ وَ عَمَلٍ لَمَا حَمَلَتْهُ الْأَرْضُ أَشَراً وَ بَطَراً وَ لَبَلَغَ بِهِ كَذَلِكَ إِلَى أَنْ يَتَعَاطَى أُمُوراً فِيهَا تَلَفُ نَفْسِهِ
Look at how the creation sufficed that which does not happen to be with him, wherein is a means, and he is left upon it regarding all things from the things, a place of work, and movement to what there is for him an interest in that, because if he had been sufficed with all of it to the extent that there does not happen to be for him regarding the things, a place of occupation and work, the earth would be carrying him as being evil and boastful, and he would reach with it like that up to he would deal with things that damage himself.
وَ لَوْ كُفِيَ النَّاسَ كُلُّ مَا يَحْتَاجُونَ إِلَيْهِ لَمَا تَهَنَّئُوا بِالعَيْشِ وَ لَا وَجَدُوا لَهُ لَذَّةً أَ لَا تَرَى لَوْ أَنَّ امْرَأً نَزَلَ بِقَوْمٍ فَأَقَامَ حِيناً بَلَغَ جَمِيعَ مَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ مَطْعَمٍ وَ مَشْرَبٍ وَ خِدْمَةٍ لَتَبَرَّمَ بِالْفَرَاغِ وَ نَازَعَتْهُ نَفْسُهُ إِلَى التَّشَاغُلِ بِشَيْءٍ فَكَيْفَ لَوْ كَانَ طُولُ عُمُرِهِ مَكْفِيّاً لَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى شَيْءٍ
And if the people had been sufficed with all what they are needy to, they would not be happy to live not would they find any pleasure for it. Do you not see, if a man were to be a guest of a people, and stays, they would deliver to him the entirety of what he is needy to, from food and drink and service, he would be upset with the free time and remove himself to be occupied with something? How would it be for the length of his life he is suffice and not be needy to anything?
وَ كَانَ مِنْ صَوَابِ التَّدْبِيرِ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءِ الَّتِي خُلِقَتْ لِلْإِنْسَانِ أَنْ جُعِلَ لَهُ فِيهَا مَوْضِعُ شُغُلٍ لِكَيْلَا تَبَرَّمَهُ الْبِطَالَةُ وَ لِتَكُفَّهُ عَنْ تَعَاطِي مَا لَا يَنَالُهُ وَ لَا خَيْرَ فِيهِ إِنْ نَالَهُ
And it would be from the correct arrangement in these things which are Created for the human beings that there should be made for him a place of occupation, lest his free time does not end and he will refrain from doing harm of what he cannot get, and there is no good in it if he does get it.
وَ اعْلَمْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ أَنَّ رَأْسَ مَعَاشِ الْإِنْسَانِ وَ حَيَاتِهِ الْخُبْزُ وَ الْمَاءُ فَانْظُرْ كَيْفَ دُبِّرَ الْأَمْرُ فِيهِمَا فَإِنَّ حَاجَةَ الْإِنْسَانِ إِلَى الْمَاءِ أَشَدُّ مِنْ حَاجَتِهِ إِلَى الْخُبْزِ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ صَبْرَهُ عَلَى الْجُوعِ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ صَبْرِهِ عَلَى الْعَطَشِ
And know, O Mufazzal, that the head of the live of the livelihood of the human being and his life is the bread and the water, therefore look at the arrangement of the matter regarding these two, for the need of the human being to the water is more intense than his need to the bread, and that is because he can be patient upon the hunger more than he can be patient upon the thirst.
وَ الَّذِي يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمَاءِ أَكْثَرُ مِمَّا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الْخُبْزِ لِأَنَّهُ يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ لِشُرْبِهِ وَ وُضُوئِهِ وَ غُسْلِهِ وَ غَسْلِ ثِيَابِهِ وَ سَقْيِ أَنْعَامِهِ وَ زَرْعِهِ فَجُعِلَ الْمَاءُ مَبْذُولًا لَا يُشْتَرَى لِتَسْقُطَ عَنِ الْإِنْسَانِ الْمَئُونَةُ فِي طَلَبِهِ وَ تَكَلُّفِهِ وَ جُعِلَ الْخُبْزُ مُتَعَذِّراً لَا يُنَالُ إِلَّا بِالْحِيلَةِ وَ الْحَرَكَةِ لِيَكُونَ لِلْإِنْسَانِ فِي ذَلِكَ شُغُلٌ يَكُفُّهُ عَمَّا يُخْرِجُهُ إِلَيْهِ الْفَرَاغُ مِنَ الْأَشَرِ وَ الْعَبَثِ
By that which he is needy to the water is more than what he is needy to the bread, because he is needy to it for his drinking, and his ablution, and his bathing, and washing his clothes, and quenching his cattle and his plantation. Thus, the water is made to be offered (free), not bought (neither sold), to drop the provision from the human being in his seeking it and being encumbered for it; and (to make) the bread is made to be unreachable. It cannot be attained except by the means and the movement to happen for the human being, an occupation in that sufficing him from what would come out to him, being free from the evil and the absurdity.
أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّ الصَّبِيَّ يُدْفَعُ إِلَى الْمُؤَدِّبِ وَ هُوَ طِفْلٌ لَمْ يَكْمُلْ ذَاتُهُ لِلتَّعْلِيمِ كُلُّ ذَلِكَ لِيَشْتَغِلَ عَنِ اللَّعِبِ وَ الْعَبَثِ اللَّذَيْنِ رُبَّمَا جَنَيَا عَلَيْهِ وَ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ الْمَكْرُوهَ الْعَظِيمَ وَ هَكَذَا الْإِنْسَانُ لَوْ خَلَا مِنَ الشُّغُلِ لَخَرَجَ مِنَ الْأَشَرِ وَ الْعَبَثِ وَ الْبَطَرِ إِلَى مَا يَعْظُمُ ضَرَرُهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ عَلَى مَنْ قَرُبَ مِنْهُ
Do you not see that the child is handed over to the teacher, and he is a child, not perfect in his self for the learning all that being too pre-occupied from the playing and the frivolities, those sometimes are a problem upon him and upon his family, being a great dislike. And like this is the human being, if he was empty from the occupation, to come out from the evil, and the frivolities, and the boasting to what is a great harm upon him and upon the ones near to him. And consider that with one who grows up in the novelty and the well-being and luxury of whatever that brings to him.
وَ اعْتَبِرْ ذَلِكَ بِمَنْ نَشَأَ فِي الْجِدَةِ وَ رَفَاهِيَةِ الْعَيْشِ وَ التَّرَفُّهِ وَ الْكِفَايَةِ وَ مَا يُخْرِجُهُ ذَلِكَ إِلَيْهِ اعْتَبِرْ لِمَ لَا يَتَشَابَهُ النَّاسُ وَاحِدٌ بِآخَرَ كَمَا يَتَشَابَهُ الْوُحُوشُ وَ الطَّيْرُ وَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّكَ تَرَى السِّرْبَ مِنَ الظِّبَاءِ وَ الْقَطَا تَتَشَابَهُ حَتَّى لَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهَا وَ بَيْنَ الْأُخْرَى وَ تَرَى النَّاسَ مُخْتَلِفَةً صُوَرُهُمْ وَ خَلْقُهُمْ حَتَّى لَا يَكَادَ اثْنَانِ مِنْهُمْ يَجْتَمِعَانِ فِي صِفَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ
Consider how the people do not resemble one with another, just as the resemblance of the wild animals, and the birds, and other than that? You can see a flock of the antelopes and the cats resembling until there is no difference between one from these and the other. And you see the people being of difference faces and bodies until almost two of them cannot be gathering in one description.
وَ الْعِلَّةُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنَّ النَّاسَ مُحْتَاجُونَ إِلَى أَنْ يَتَعَارَفُوا بِأَعْيَانِهِمْ وَ حُلَاهُمْ لِمَا يَجْرِي بَيْنَهُمْ مِنَ الْمُعَامَلَاتِ وَ لَيْسَ يَجْرِي بَيْنَ الْبَهَائِمِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ فَيَحْتَاجُ إِلَى مَعْرِفَةِ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهَا بِعَيْنِهِ وَ حِلْيَتِهِ
And the reason in that is that the people are needy to recognise each other with their eyes and their garments for what flows between them from the dealing, and it doesn’t flow between the animals like that. So, he (the human being) is needy to recognise each one from them with his eyes and his shape.
أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّ التَّشَابُهَ فِي الطَّيْرِ وَ الْوَحْشِ لَا يَضُرُّهُمَا شَيْئاً وَ لَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ الْإِنْسَانُ فَإِنَّهُ رُبَّمَا تَشَابَهَ التَوْأَمَانِ تَشَابُهاً شَدِيداً فَتَعْظُمُ الْمَئُونَةُ عَلَى النَّاسِ فِي مُعَامَلَتِهِمَا حَتَّى يُعْطَى أَحَدُهُمَا بِالْآخَرِ وَ يُؤْخَذُ أَحَدُهُمَا بِذَنْبِ الْآخَرِ وَ قَدْ يُحْدَثُ مِثْلُ هَذَا فِي تَشَابُهِ الْأَشْيَاءِ فَضْلًا عَنْ تَشَابُهِ الصُّورَةِ
Do you not see that the resemblance in the birds and the wild animal do not harm them of anything? And it isn’t like that for the human being, for he, sometimes the twins resemble each other a lot, so the people need to be better equipped in dealing with them, until one of them is taken for the other, and one of them is seized for the sins of the other, and the like of this has occurred in the resemblances of the things as well as the image similarity.
فَمَنْ لَطُفَ لِعِبَادِهِ بِهَذِهِ الدَّقَائِقِ الَّتِي لَا تَكَادُ تَخْطُرُ بِالْبَالِ حَتَّى وَقَفَ بِهَا عَلَى الصَّوَابِ إِلَّا مَنْ وَسِعَتْ رَحْمَتُهُ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ لَوْ رَأَيْتَ تِمْثَالَ الْإِنْسَانِ مُصَوَّراً عَلَى حَائِطٍ فَقَالَ لَكَ قَائِلٌ إِنَّ هَذَا ظَهَرَ هَاهُنَا مِنْ تِلْقَاءِ نَفْسِهِ لَمْ يَصْنَعْهُ صَانِعٌ أَ كُنْتَ تَقْبَلُ ذَلِكَ بَلْ كُنْتَ تَسْتَهْزِئُ بِهِ فَكَيْفَ تُنْكِرُ هَذَا فِي تِمْثَالٍ مُصَوَّرٍ جَمَادٍ وَ لَا تُنْكِرُ فِي الْإِنْسَانِ الْحَيِّ النَّاطِقِ
Who is the One-azwj Subtle with His-azwj servants with these intricacies, which do not even come to might, and Pauses with these upon the correct, except One-azwj of Capacious Mercy on all things? If you were to see a sculpted statue of the human being standing upon a wall, and a speaker says to you, ‘This appeared over here from itself; a maker did not make it, will you accept that? But you will mock with him. So, how can you deny this in the inanimate sculpted statue, and you do not deny it in the living, speaking human being?
لِمَ صَارَتْ أَبْدَانُ الْحَيَوَانِ وَ هِيَ تَغْتَذِي أَبَداً لَا تَنْمِي بَلْ تَنْتَهِي إِلَى غَايَةٍ مِنَ النُّمُوِّ ثُمَّ تَقِفُ وَ لَا تَتَجَاوَزُهَا لَوْ لَا التَّدْبِيرُ فِي ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّ مِنْ تَدْبِيرِ الْحَكِيمِ فِيهَا أَنْ يَكُونَ أَبْدَانُ كُلِّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا عَلَى مِقْدَارٍ مَعْلُومٍ غَيْرَ مُتَفَاوِتٍ فِي الْكَبِيرِ وَ الصَّغِيرِ وَ صَارَتْ تَنْمِي حَتَّى تَصِلَ إِلَى غَايَتِهَا ثُمَّ يَقِفُ ثُمَّ لَا يَزِيدُ وَ الْغِذَاءُ مَعَ ذَلِكَ دَائِمٌ لَا يَنْقَطِعُ
Why did the bodies of the animal come to be nourished forever, and not nourishing (other animals), but, it ends up at the peak of the growth, then it stops and does not exceed it, if there was no arrangement in that? In the arrangement of the Wise in it is that there happen to be bodies of every type from these upon a known measurement, apart from the differences in the old and young, and it come to be at a growth until it reaches to its peak (most), then it stops, then it does not exceed, and the provision with that is perpetual, not cut off.
وَ لَوْ كَانَتْ تَنْمِي نُمُوّاً دَائِماً لَعَظُمَتْ أَبْدَانُهَا وَ اشْتَبَهَتْ مَقَادِيرُهَا حَتَّى لَا يَكُونَ لِشَيْءٍ مِنْهَا حَدٌّ يُعْرَفُ لِمَ صَارَتْ أَجْسَامُ الْإِنْسِ خَاصَّةً تُثْقِلُ عَنِ الْحَرَكَةِ وَ الْمَشْيِ وَ يَجْفُو عَنِ الصِّنَاعَاتِ اللَّطِيفَةِ إِلَّا لِتَعْظِيمِ الْمَئُونَةِ فِيمَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ النَّاسُ لِلْمَلْبَسِ وَ الْمَضْجَعِ وَ التَّكْفِينِ وَ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ
And if they had developed a permanent growth, their bodies would have grown larger and their measurements would have been obscured to the extent that there would not have happened to be for anything from these, a limit you could recognise. The bodies of the human beings did not become especially heavy from the moving, and the walking, and they look nice of the making, except for maximising the provision the people would be needy to, for the clothing and the mantle, and the stitching, and other than that.
لَوْ كَانَ الْإِنْسَانُ لَا يُصِيبُهُ أَلَمٌ وَ لَا وَجَعٌ بِمَ كَانَ يَرْتَدِعُ عَنِ الْفَوَاحِشِ وَ يَتَوَاضَعُ لِلَّهِ وَ يَتَعَطَّفُ عَلَى النَّاسِ أَ مَا تَرَى الْإِنْسَانَ إِذَا عَرَضَ لَهُ وَجَعٌ خَضَعَ وَ اسْتَكَانَ وَ رَغِبَ إِلَى رَبِّهِ فِي الْعَافِيَةِ وَ بَسَطَ يَدَيْهِ بِالصَّدَقَةِ وَ لَوْ كَانَ لَا يَأْلَمُ مِنَ الضَّرْبِ بِمَ كَانَ السُّلْطَانُ يُعَاقِبُ الدُّعَّارَ وَ يُذِلُّ الْعُصَاةَ الْمَرَدَةَ وَ بِمَ كَانَ الصِّبْيَانُ يَتَعَلَّمُونَ الْعُلُومَ وَ الصِّنَاعَاتِ وَ بِمَ كَانَ الْعَبِيدُ يَذِلُّونَ لِأَرْبَابِهِمْ وَ يُذْعِنُونَ لِطَاعَتِهِمْ
If the human being was such that he would neither be hit by the aches and the pains, by what would he be deterred from the immoralities and humbling to Allah-azwj, and be king upon the people? Do you not see the human being when an ache is presented to him, he would succumb and be hopeful to his Lord-azwj regarding the wellbeing and extend his hand with the charity? And if he would not be pained from the strike, by what would the ruling authority punish the obscenities and disgrace the rebellious apostates? And by what would the children learn the knowledges and the manufacturing? And by what would the slaves be abased to their masters and submit to their obedience?
أَ فَلَيْسَ هَذَا تَوْبِيخٌ لِابْنِ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ وَ ذَوِيِّهِ الَّذِينَ جَحَدُوا التَّدْبِيرَ وَ الْمَانَوِيَّةِ الَّذِينَ أَنْكَرُوا الْأَلَمَ وَ الْوَجَعَ لَوْ لَمْ يُولَدْ مِنَ الْحَيَوَانِ إِلَّا ذَكَرٌ فَقَطْ أَوْ إِنَاثٌ فَقَطْ أَ لَمْ يَكُنِ النَّسْلُ مُنْقَطِعاً وَ بَادَ مَعَ ذَلِكَ أَجْنَاسُ الْحَيَوَانِ فَصَارَ بَعْضُ الْأَوْلَادِ يَأْتِي ذُكُوراً وَ بَعْضُهَا يَأْتِي إِنَاثاً لِيَدُومَ التَّنَاسُلُ وَ لَا يَنْقَطِعُ
Isn’t this a rebuke to Ibn Abu Al-Awja and his family, those who are rejecting the (Divine) arrangement, and the old religious beliefs of those who are denying the pains and the aches, if there were not born from the animals except for males only, or females only, wouldn’t the lineages be cut off, and afterwards the races of the animals? Therefore, some of the children came to be males, and some of them came as female for the perpetuity of the lineages not being cut-off.
لِمَ صَارَ الرَّجُلُ وَ الْمَرْأَةُ إِذَا أَدْرَكَا نَبَتَتْ لَهُمَا الْعَانَةُ ثُمَّ نَبَتَتِ اللِّحْيَةُ لِلرَّجُلِ وَ تَخَلَّفَتْ عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ لَوْ لَا التَّدْبِيرُ فِي ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّهُ لَمَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى الرَّجُلَ قَيِّماً وَ رَقِيباً عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ وَ جَعَلَ الْمَرْأَةَ عِرْساً وَ خَوَلًا لِلرَّجُلِ أَعْطَى الرَّجُلَ اللِّحْيَةَ لِمَا لَهُ مِنَ الْعِزَّةِ وَ الْجَلَالَةِ وَ الْهَيْبَةِ وَ مَنَعَهَا الْمَرْأَةَ لِتَبْقَى لَهَا نِظَارَةُ الْوَجْهِ وَ الْبَهْجَةُ الَّتِي تُشَاكِلُ الْمُفَاكَهَةَ وَ الْمُضَاجَعَةَ
Why did the man and the woman become such, when they are adults, the pubic hair grows for them, then the beard grows for the man, and is different from the woman, if there was not an arrangement in that? It is so, when Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Made the man as a custodian and a watcher upon the woman, and Made the woman as a bride and a comfort for the man, Gave the man the beard what would be the honour for him and the majesty and the prestige, and Prevented it from the woman for there to remain for her the freshness of the face, and glory which is similar to the fruits and (for) the love making.
أَ فَلَا تَرَى الْخِلْقَةَ كَيْفَ يَأْتِي بِالصَّوَابِ فِي الْأَشْيَاءِ وَ تَتَخَلَّلُ مَوَاضِعَ الْخَطَإِ فَتُعْطَى وَ تَمْنَعُ عَلَى قَدْرِ الْإِرْبِ وَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ بِتَدْبِيرِ الْحَكِيمِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ
Do you not see the creation, how it comes with the correctness in the things, and is empty of the room for errors, and so it gives and prevents upon a measurement of the purpose and the interest, by an arrangement of the Wise, Mighty and Majestic?’
قَالَ الْمُفَضَّلُ ثُمَّ حَانَ وَقْتُ الزَّوَالِ فَقَامَ مَوْلَايَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ وَ قَالَ بَكِّرْ إِلَيَّ غَداً إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ
Al-Mufazzal said, ‘Then the time of midday arrived, so my Master-asws arose to (perform) the Salat, and said: ‘Early tomorrow morning, if Allah-azwj so Desires’.
فَانْصَرَفْتُ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ مَسْرُوراً بِمَا عَرَفْتُهُ مُبْتَهِجاً بِمَا أُوتِيتُهُ حَامِداً لِلَّهِ عَلَى مَا أَنْعَمَ بِهِ عَلَيَّ شَاكِراً لِأَنْعُمِهِ عَلَى مَا مَنَحَنِي بِمَا عَرَّفَنِيهِ مَوْلَايَ وَ تَفَضَّلَ بِهِ عَلَيَّ فَبِتُّ فِي لَيْلَتِي مَسْرُوراً بِمَا مَنَحَنِيهِ مَحْبُوراً بِمَا عَلَّمَنِيهِ
I left from his-asws presence cheerful with what I had understood, excited with what he-asws had given me, praising Allah-azwj upon what He-azwj had Favoured upon me, thankful for His-azwj Favour upon what my Master-asws has made me incline to understand, and preferred with upon me. I spent my night in cheerfulness with what I had been inclined to, glad with what I had been taught.
تم المجلس الأول و يتلوه المجلس الثاني من كتاب الأدلة على الخلق و التدبير و الرد على القائلين بالإهمال و منكري العمد برواية المفضل عن الصادق صلوات الله عليه و على آبائه
The first sitting is complete and it is followed by the second, from the book of the evidence upon the creation and the arrangement, and the rebuttal upon the speakers with the chaos and deniers of the deliberation, by a report of Al-Mufazzal, from Al-Sadiq-asws, may the Salawaat of Allah-azwj be upon him-asws and upon his-asws forefathers-asws.
قَالَ الْمُفَضَّلُ فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْيَوْمُ الثَّانِي بَكَّرْتُ إِلَى مَوْلَايَ فَاسْتُوذِنَ لِي فَدَخَلْتُ فَأَمَرَنِي بِالْجُلُوسِ فَجَلَسْتُ
Al-Mufazzal said, ‘When it was the second day, I went early to my Master-asws and he-asws permitted for me, so I entered and he-asws instructed me with the sitting, so I sat down.
فَقَالَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ مُدِيرِ الْأَدْوَارِ وَ مُعِيدِ الْأَكْوَارِ طَبَقاً عَنْ طَبَقٍ وَ عَالَماً بَعْدَ عَالَمٍ لِيَجْزِيَ الَّذِينَ أَساؤُا بِما عَمِلُوا وَ يَجْزِيَ الَّذِينَ أَحْسَنُوا بِالْحُسْنَى عَدْلًا مِنْهُ تَقَدَّسَتْ أَسْمَاؤُهُ وَ جَلَّتْ آلَاؤُهُ
He-asws said: ‘The Praise is for Allah-azwj, Director of the orbits, and Repeater of the planetary motions, layer on a layer, and a world after a world, for Him to Recompense those committers of evil for what they had done, and (for) Him to Recompense those did good, with the Goodness [53:31], being Just from it. Holy are His-azwj Names and Majestic are His-azwj Favours.
لا يَظْلِمُ النَّاسَ شَيْئاً وَ لكِنَّ النَّاسَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ يَشْهَدُ بِذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ جَلَّ قُدْسُهُ فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْراً يَرَهُ وَ مَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ فِي نَظَائِرَ لَهَا فِي كِتَابِهِ الَّذِي فِيهِ تِبْيَانُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَ لا يَأْتِيهِ الْباطِلُ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَ لا مِنْ خَلْفِهِ تَنْزِيلٌ مِنْ حَكِيمٍ حَمِيدٍ وَ لِذَلِكَ قَالَ سَيِّدُنَا مُحَمَّدٌ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ إِنَّمَا هِيَ أَعْمَالُكُمْ تُرَدُّ إِلَيْكُمْ ثُمَّ أَطْرَقَ هُنَيَّةً
He-azwj does not do any injustice to the people, but the people are being unjust to themselves [10:44]. That is testified by His-azwj Words, Majestic is His-azwj Holiness: So, one who does good of the weight of a particle would see it [99:7] And one who does evil of the weight of a particle would see it [9:8], in the counterpart of it in His-azwj Book in which is a clarification of all things [16:89] Neither did the falsehood come from before it, nor (would it come) from after it. (It is) a Revelation from the most Wise, the most Praised [41:42]. Our Chief Muhammad-saww said: ‘But rather these are your deeds being returned to you’’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مُفَضَّلُ الْخَلْقُ حَيَارَى عَمِهُونَ سُكَارَى فِي طُغْيَانِهِمْ يَتَرَدَّدُونَ وَ بِشَيَاطِينِهِمْ وَ طَوَاغِيتِهِمْ يَقْتَدُونَ بُصَرَاءُ عُمْيٌ لَا يُبْصِرُونَ نُطَقَاءُ بُكْمٌ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ سُمَعَاءُ صُمٌّ لَا يَسْمَعُونَ رَضُوا بِالدُّونِ وَ حَسِبُوا أَنَّهُمْ مُهْتَدُونَ
Then he-asws lowered his-asws head for a while, then said: ‘O Mufazzal! The people are confused, blinded by the intoxication, dithering in their tyranny, and they are believing in their Satan’s and their tyrants. Their sights are blinded, they are not seeing. They are spoken with, but they are not understanding, their hearing is deafened, they are not listening. They are satisfied with the world and they reckon they are guided
حَادُوا عَنْ مَدْرَجَةِ الْأَكْيَاسِ وَ رَتَعُوا فِي مَرْعَى الْأَرْجَاسِ الْأَنْجَاسِ كَأَنَّهُمْ مِنْ مُفَاجَأَةِ الْمَوْتِ آمِنُونَ وَ عَنِ الْمُجَازَاتِ مُزَحْزَحُونَ يَا وَيْلَهُمْ مَا أَشْقَاهُمْ وَ أَطْوَلَ عَنَاءَهُمْ وَ أَشَدَّ بَلَاءَهُمْ يَوْمَ لا يُغْنِي مَوْلًى عَنْ مَوْلًى شَيْئاً وَ لا هُمْ يُنْصَرُونَ إِلَّا مَنْ رَحِمَ اللَّهُ
They have strayed from the original ranks, and they rambled in the pastures of the dirt and the filth, as if they were secure from the suddenness of death, scattered from the way. O, woe be unto them! How their wretched ones are prolonging their singing, and how severe would be their affliction on A Day, neither will a friend avail anything from a friend, nor would they be helped [44:41] Except one Allah Mercies [44:42]’.
قَالَ الْمُفَضَّلُ فَبَكَيْتُ لِمَا سَمِعْتُ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ لَا تَبْكِ تَخَلَّصْتَ إِذْ قَبِلْتَ وَ نَجَوْتَ إِذْ عَرَفْتَ
Al-Mufazzal said, ‘I cried at what I heard from him-asws, so he-asws said: ‘Do not cry. You will be finished off (from it) when you accept, and saved, when you understand’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبْتَدِئُ لَكَ بِذِكْرِ الْحَيَوَانِ لِيَتَّضِحَ لَكَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ مَا وَضَحَ لَكَ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ فَكِّرْ فِي أَبْنِيَةِ أَبْدَانِ الْحَيَوَانِ وَ تَهْيِئَتِهَا عَلَى مَا هِيَ عَلَيْهِ فَلَا هِيَ صِلَابٌ كَالْحِجَارَةِ وَ لَوْ كَانَتْ كَذَلِكَ لَا تَنْثَنِي وَ لَا تَتَصَرَّفُ فِي الْأَعْمَالِ وَ لَا هِيَ عَلَى غَايَةِ اللِّينِ وَ الرَّخَاوَةِ فَكَانَتْ لَا تَتَحَامَلُ وَ لَا تَسْتَقِلُّ بِأَنْفُسِهَا
Then he-asws said: ‘I-asws shall begin for you with the mention of the animal in order to clarify for you, from its matter, what would be clear for you, from others. Think regarding the built of the bodies of the animal, and its shape upon what it is upon. It is not solid like the rocks, and had it been like that, neither could it have bent nor disperse in the works; nor is it upon the peak of softness and the looseness, for it would not have been able to carry load, nor take it off by themselves.
فَجُعِلَتْ مِنْ لَحْمٍ رَخْوٍ تَنْثَنِي تَتَدَاخَلُهُ عِظَامٌ صِلَابٌ يُمْسِكُهُ عَصَبٌ وَ عُرُوقٌ تَشُدُّهُ وَ يُضَمُّ بَعْضُهُ إِلَى بَعْضٍ وَ غُلِفَتْ فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ بِجِلْدٍ يَشْتَمِلُ عَلَى الْبَدَنِ كُلِّهِ
It has been Made from flesh, loose, flexible, inside it are solid bones, withheld by the nerves and the veins, strengthening it, and conjoined to each other, and enveloped above that with a skin covering the whole of the body.
وَ مِنْ أَشْبَاهِ ذَلِكَ هَذِهِ التَّمَاثِيلُ الَّتِي تُعْمَلُ مِنَ الْعِيدَانِ وَ تُلَفُّ بِالْخِرَقِ وَ تُشَدُّ بِالْخُيُوطِ وَ يُطَّلَى فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ بِالصَّمْغِ فَيَكُونُ الْعِيدَانُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْعِظَامِ وَ الْخِرَقُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ اللَّحْمِ وَ الْخُيُوطُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْعَصَبِ وَ الْعُرُوقِ وَ الطَّلَا بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْجِلْدِ
And from the likes of that are these statues which you work from the wood, and puncture it with the holes, and tighten with the threads and apply the glue above that. So, the woods are at the status of the bones, and the holes at the status of the flesh, and the threads at the status of the nerves and the veins, and the covering at the status of the skin.
فَإِنْ جَازَ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْحَيَوَانُ الْمُتَحَرِّكُ حَدَثَ بِالْإِهْمَالِ مِنْ غَيْرِ صَانِعٍ جَازَ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ فِي هَذِهِ التَّمَاثِيلِ الْمَيِّتَةِ فَإِنْ كَانَ هَذَا غَيْرَ جَائِزٍ فِي التَّمَاثِيلِ فَبِالْحَرِيِّ أَنْ لَا يَجُوزَ فِي الْحَيَوَانِ
If it is allowed that the animal would happen to be the mobile occurrence due to the chaos from without there being a Maker, it would be allowed that, that would happen regarding these dead statues. If this is not allowed regarding the statues, then it is appropriate that it is not allowed regarding the animal.
وَ فَكِّرْ بَعْدَ هَذَا فِي أَجْسَادِ الْأَنْعَامِ فَإِنَّهَا حِينَ خُلِقَتْ عَلَى أَبْدَانِ الْإِنْسِ مِنَ اللَّحْمِ وَ الْعَظْمِ وَ الْعَصَبِ أُعْطِيَتْ أَيْضاً السَّمْعَ وَ الْبَصَرَ لِيَبْلُغَ الْإِنْسَانُ حَاجَتَهُ فَإِنَّهَا لَوْ كَانَتْ عُمْياً صُمّاً لَمَا انْتَفَعَ بِهَا الْإِنْسَانُ وَ لَا تَصَرَّفَتْ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ مَآرِبِهِ
Think after this, regarding the bodies of the cattle, for these, where the flesh, and the bones, and the nerves were Created upon the bodies of the human being, it was Given as well, the hearing, and the sight, for the human being to reach his need. If it was blind, deaf, the human being would not have benefitted with it, nor utilise it in anything from its purpose.
ثُمَّ مُنِعَتِ الذِّهْنَ وَ الْعَقْلَ لِتَذِلَّ لِلْإِنْسَانِ فَلَا تَمْتَنِعَ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا كَدَّهَا الْكَدَّ الشَّدِيدَ وَ حَمَلَهَا الْحِمْلَ الثَّقِيلَ فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ إِنَّهُ قَدْ يَكُونُ لِلْإِنْسَانِ عَبِيدٌ مِنَ الْإِنْسِ يَذِلُّونَ وَ يُذْعِنُونَ بِالْكَدِّ الشَّدِيدِ وَ هُمْ مَعَ ذَلِكَ غَيْرُ عَدِيمِي الْعَقْلِ وَ الذِّهْنِ
Then it was prevented the mind, and the intellect to it to be humbled to the human being, so he would not be prevented upon it, when its structure is strong enough to carry the heavy load. If the speaker were to say, ‘It does happen for the human being to have slaves from the humans, humbled and loaded due to the strong body, and they, along with that, are not without the intellect and the brain’.
فَيُقَالُ فِي جَوَابِ ذَلِكَ إِنَّ هَذَا الصِّنْفَ مِنَ النَّاسِ قَلِيلٌ فَأَمَّا أَكْثَرُ النَّاسِ فَلَا يُذْعِنُونَ بِمَا تُذْعِنُ بِهِ الدَّوَابُّ مِنَ الْحَمْلِ وَ الطَّحْنِ وَ مَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ وَ لَا يُغْرَوْنَ بِمَا يُحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْهُ ثُمَّ لَوْ كَانَ النَّاسُ يُزَاوِلُونَ مِثْلَ هَذِهِ الْأَعْمَالِ بِأَبْدَانِهِمْ لَشُغِلُوا بِذَلِكَ عَنْ سَائِرِ الْأَعْمَالِ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ يُحْتَاجُ مَكَانَ الْجَمَلِ الْوَاحِدِ وَ الْبَغْلِ الْوَاحِدِ إِلَى عِدَّةِ أَنَاسِيَّ
It would be said in answer to that: ‘This type is a small minority from the people. As for most of the people, they are not being loaded with what the animals are being loaded with, from the load, and the grinders, and what resembles that, nor are they being allured by what is need to it, from it. Then, if the people were to work the likes of these works, they would be pre-occupied with that from the rest of the works, because there would be needed in place of one camel, and the one mule, to a number of the people.
فَكَانَ هَذَا الْعَمَلُ يَسْتَفْرِغُ النَّاسَ حَتَّى لَا يَكُونَ فِيهِمْ عَنْهُ فَضْلٌ لِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الصِّنَاعَاتِ مَعَ مَا يَلْحَقُهُمْ مِنَ التَّعَبِ الْفَادِحِ فِي أَبْدَانِهِمْ وَ الضِّيقِ وَ الْكَدِّ فِي مَعَاشِهِمْ
Thus, this work would free up the people until there would not happen to be among them any merit for anything from the manufacturing, along with what would, they would face, from the gross exhaustion in their bodies, and the constriction and the hardness in their lives.
فَكِّرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَصْنَافِ الثَّلَاثَةِ مِنَ الْحَيَوَانِ وَ فِي خَلْقِهَا عَلَى مَا هِيَ عَلَيْهِ بِمَا فِيهِ صَلَاحُ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهَا فَالْإِنْسُ لَمَّا قُدِّرُوا أَنْ يَكُونُوا ذَوِي ذِهْنٍ وَ فِطْنَةٍ وَ عِلَاجٍ لِمِثْلِ هَذِهِ الصِّنَاعَاتِ مِنَ الْبِنَاءِ وَ التِّجَارَةِ وَ الصِّيَاغَةِ وَ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ خُلِقَتْ لَهُمْ أَكُفٌّ كِبَارٌ ذَوَاتُ أَصَابِعَ غِلَاظٍ لِيَتَمَكَّنُوا مِنَ الْقَبْضِ عَلَى الْأَشْيَاءِ وَ أَوْكَدُهَا هَذِهِ الصِّنَاعَاتُ
Think, O Mufazzal, regarding these three types of animals, in their creation upon what it is upon, with what is therein an interest of each one of these. The human beings, at what they have been Determined that they would happen to be with a mind, and acumen, and treatment of these manufactures, from the construction, and the trade, and the formulation, and other than that, there was Created for them large hands with strong fingers, in order to be enabled for the grabbing upon the things, and produce these works.
وَ آكِلَاتُ اللَّحْمِ لَمَّا قُدِّرَ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَعَايِشُهَا مِنَ الصَّيْدِ خُلِقَتْ لَهُمْ أَكُفٌّ لِطَافٌ مُدَّمِجَةٌ ذَوَاتُ بَرَاثِنَ وَ مَخَالِيبَ تَصْلُحُ لِأَخْذِ الصَّيْدِ وَ لَا تَصْلُحُ لِلصِّنَاعَاتِ
And the flesh eaters – when it was determined that their livelihood would happen to be from the hunting, He-azwj Created for them soft hands with clutching claws, correct for taking the hunt, and it is not correct for the manufacturing.
وَ آكِلَاتُ النَّبَاتِ لَمَّا قُدِّرَ أَنْ يَكُونُوا لَا ذَاتَ صَنْعَةٍ وَ لَا ذَاتَ صَيْدٍ خُلِقَتْ لِبَعْضِهَا أَظْلَافٌ تَقِيهَا خُشُونَةَ الْأَرْضِ إِذَا حَاوَلَ طَلَبَ الرَّعْيِ وَ لِبَعْضِهَا حَوَافِرُ مُلَمْلَمَةٌ ذَوَاتُ قَعْرٍ كَأَخْمَصِ الْقَدَمِ تَنْطَبِقُ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ لِيَتَهَيَّأَ لِلرُّكُوبِ وَ الْحَمُولَةِ
And the plant eaters – when it was Determined that there would neither be with manufacturing nor with hunting, He-azwj Created hooves for some of them, to protect them from the roughness of the ground when it moves around seeking the pasture; and for some of them filled hooves with a bottom like the soles of the feet applied to the ground, ready for the riding and the load bearing.
تَأَمَّلِ التَّدْبِيرَ فِي خَلْقِ آكِلَاتِ اللَّحْمِ مِنَ الْحَيَوَانِ حِينَ خُلِقَتْ ذَوَاتُ أَسْنَانٍ حِدَادٍ وَ بَرَاثِنَ شِدَادٍ وَ أَشْدَاقٍ وَ أَفْوَاهٍ وَاسِعَةٍ فَإِنَّهُ لَمَّا قُدِّرَ أَنْ يَكُونَ طُعْمُهَا اللَّحْمَ خُلِقَتْ خِلْقَةً تُشَاكِلُ ذَلِكَ وَ أُعِينَتْ بِسِلَاحٍ وَ أَدَوَاتٍ تَصْلُحُ لِلصَّيْدِ وَ كَذَلِكَ تَجِدُ سِبَاعَ الطَّيْرِ ذَوَاتَ مَنَاقِيرَ وَ مَخَالِيبَ مُهَيَّأَةٍ لِفِعْلِهَا
Contemplate on the arrangement in the creation of the flesh eaters from the animals where they have been Created with iron-like teeth and with strong claws, and firm wide mouths. So, when it was Determined that its food would happen to be the flesh, He-azwj Created a creature consistent to that, and aided with weapons and tools correct for hunting. And like that, you will find the predatory birds being with scary beaks ready for its work.
وَ لَوْ كَانَتِ الْوُحُوشُ ذَوَاتَ مَخَالِبَ كَانَتْ قَدْ أُعْطِيَتْ مَا لَا يُحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ لِأَنَّهَا لَا تَصِيدُ وَ لَا تَأْكُلُ اللَّحْمَ وَ لَوْ كَانَتِ السِّبَاعُ ذَوَاتَ أَظْلَافٍ كَانَتْ قَدْ مُنِعَتْ مَا تَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ أَعْنِي السِّلَاحَ الَّذِي بِهِ تَصِيدُ وَ تَتَعَيَّشُ أَ فَلَا تَرَى كَيْفَ أُعْطِيَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الصِّنْفَيْنِ مَا يُشَاكِلُ صِنْفَهُ وَ طَبَقَتَهُ بَلْ مَا فِيهِ بَقَاؤُهُ وَ صَلَاحُهُ
If the wild animals had been with scary beaks, it would have been given what it is not needy to, because it does not hunt nor eat the flesh; and if the predators were with hooves, it would have been prevented what it would be needy to, I-asws mean the weapons by which it could hunt and live. Do you not see how each one from the two types has been Given what is compatible with its type and its application, but what therein is its remaining and its interest?
انْظُرِ الْآنَ إِلَى ذَوَاتِ الْأَرْبَعِ كَيْفَ تَرَاهَا تَتْبَعُ أُمَّاتِهَا مُسْتَقِلَّةً بِأَنْفُسِهَا لَا تَحْتَاجُ إِلَى الْحَمْلِ وَ التَّرْبِيَةِ كَمَا تَحْتَاجُ أَوْلَادُ الْإِنْسِ فَمِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ عِنْدَ أُمَّهَاتِهَا مَا عِنْدَ أُمَّهَاتِ الْبَشَرِ مِنَ الرِّفْقِ وَ الْعِلْمِ بِالتَّرْبِيَةِ وَ الْقُوَّةِ عَلَيْهَا بِالْأَكُفِّ وَ الْأَصَابِعِ الْمُهَيَّأَةِ لِذَلِكَ أُعْطِيَتِ النُّهُوضَ وَ الِاسْتِقْلَالَ بِأَنْفُسِهَا
Look now at the ones with four (legs – quadrupeds), how you see is following its mother independently by itself, not being needy to being carried and upbringing just as the children of the human beings. So, from the reason that, it isn’t with its mother what is with the mothers of the human, from the kindness, and the knowledge with the upbringing, and the strength upon it with the palms and the fingers prepared for that, have been Given the advancement and the independence by itself.
وَ كَذَلِكَ تَرَى كَثِيراً مِنَ الطَّيْرِ كَمِثْلِ الدَّجَاجِ وَ الدُّرَّاجِ وَ الْقَبْجِ تَدْرُجُ وَ تَلْقُطُ حِينَ يَنْقَابُ عَنْهَا الْبَيْضُ فَأَمَّا مَا كَانَ مِنْهَا ضَعِيفاً لَا نُهُوضَ فِيهِ كَمِثْلِ فِرَاخِ الْحَمَامِ وَ الْيَمَامِ وَ الْحُمَّرِ فَقَدْ جُعِلَ فِي الْأُمَّهَاتِ فَضْلُ عَطْفٍ عَلَيْهَا فَصَارَتْ تَمُجُّ الطَّعَامَ فِي أَفْوَاهِهَا بَعْدَ مَا تُوعِيهِ حَوَاصِلُهَا فَلَا تَزَالُ تَغْذُوهَا حَتَّى تَسْتَقِلَّ بِأَنْفُسِهَا
And, similar to that you see from the birds like the chicken, and the pheasant, and the partridge insert and pick up when the egg scatters away from it. As from whoever was weak from these, they do not rise like the dove, and the wild pigeon, and the (Australian) red pigeon. There has been made in the mothers, the grace of kindness upon it, so it began feeding its food in its mouth after being aware of its dedication. So, it does not cease feeding it until it (chick) is independent by itself.
وَ لِذَلِكَ لَمْ تُرْزَقِ الْحَمَامُ فِرَاخاً كَثِيرَةً مِثْلَ مَا تُرْزَقُ الدَّجَاجُ لِتَقْوَى الْأُمُّ عَلَى تَرْبِيَةِ فِرَاخِهَا فَلَا تَفْسُدَ وَ لَا تَمُوتَ فَكُلٌّ أُعْطِيَ بِقِسْطٍ مِنْ تَدْبِيرِ الْحَكِيمِ اللَّطِيفِ الْخَبِيرِ
And due to that, the dove does not sustain its chicks a lot like what the chicken sustains for the strength of the mother upon the upbringing of its chick, so it does not spoil nor does it die. Therefore, each has been Given a measure from the arrangement of the Wise, the Subtle, the Informed.
انْظُرْ إِلَى قَوَائِمِ الْحَيَوَانِ كَيْفَ تَأْتِي أَزْوَاجاً لِتَتَهَيَّأَ لِلْمَشْيِ وَ لَوْ كَانَتْ أَفْرَاداً لَمْ تَصْلُحْ لِذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ الْمَاشِيَ يَنْقُلُ قَوَائِمَهُ وَ يَعْتَمِدُ عَلَى بَعْضٍ فَذُو الْقَائِمَتَيْنِ يَنْقُلُ وَاحِدَةً وَ يَعْتَمِدُ عَلَى وَاحِدَةٍ وَ ذُو الْأَرْبَعِ يَنْقُلُ اثْنَيْنِ وَ يَعْتَمِدُ عَلَى اثْنَيْنِ وَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ خِلَافٍ لِأَنَّ ذَا الْأَرْبَعِ لَوْ كَانَ يَنْقُلُ قَائِمَيْنِ مِنْ أَحَدِ جَانِبَيْهِ وَ يَعْتَمِدُ عَلَى قَائِمَيْنِ مِنَ الْجَانِبِ الْآخَرِ لَمَا يَثْبُتُ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ كَمَا لَا يَثْبُتُ السَّرِيرُ وَ مَا أَشْبَهَهُ فَصَارَ يَنْقُلُ الْيُمْنَى مِنْ مَقَادِيمِهِ مَعَ الْيُسْرَى مِنْ مَآخِيرِهِ وَ يَنْقُلُ الْأُخْرَيَيْنِ أَيْضاً مِنْ خِلَافٍ فَيَثْبُتُ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ وَ لَا يَسْقُطُ إِذَا مَشَى
Look at the legs of the animal how it has been Given pairs prepared for the walking, and if were individual, it would not be correct for that, because the walking moves its leg and relies upon the other, therefore the ones with two legs, moves one and relies upon one, and one with four moves the two and relies upon two, and that different because the one with four, if it were to move two legs from one side and relied upon two legs from the other side, it would not be affirmed upon the ground just as the bed is affirmed, and what resembles it, so the movement of the right is from its front along with the left from its back, and the movement of the other two as well from opposite, thus affirming it upon the ground, and it does not fall when it walks.
أَ مَا تَرَى الْحِمَارَ كَيْفَ يَذِلُّ لِلطَّحْنِ وَ الْحَمُولَةِ وَ هُوَ يَرَى الْفَرَسَ مُودَعاً مُنَعَّماً وَ الْبَعِيرَ لَا يُطِيقُهُ عِدَّةُ رِجَالٍ لَوِ اسْتَعْصَى كَيْفَ كَانَ يَنْقَادُ لِلصَّبِيِّ وَ الثَّوْرَ الشَّدِيدَ كَيْفَ كَانَ يُذْعِنُ لِصَاحِبِهِ حَتَّى يَضَعَ النِّيرَ عَلَى عُنُقِهِ وَ يَحْرِثَ بِهِ وَ الْفَرَسَ الْكَرِيمَ يَرْكَبُ السُّيُوفَ وَ الْأَسِنَّةَ بِالْمُؤَاتَاةِ لِفَارِسِهِ وَ الْقَطِيعَ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ يَرْعَاهُ رَجُلٌ وَاحِدٌ وَ لَوْ تَفَرَّقَتِ الْغَنَمُ فَأَخَذَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهَا فِي نَاحِيَةٍ لَمْ يَلْحَقْهَا وَ كَذَلِكَ جَمِيعُ الْأَصْنَافِ مُسَخَّرَةٌ لِلْإِنْسَانِ فَبِمَ كَانَتْ كَذَلِكَ إِلَّا بِأَنَّهَا عُدِمَتِ الْعَقْلَ وَ الرَّوِيَّةَ
Do you not see the donkey how it is humbled for the grinding and the load bearing, and he sees the horse left safely, and the camel, a number of men cannot tolerate it if it becomes stubborn, how would it be obedient to the child? And the strong bull, how it bows to its master until he places the yoke upon its neck and ploughs with it? And the honourable horse gets hit by the swords and the arrows in helping its knight (rider), and the flock of sheep a single man, and if the sheep were to separate and each one of them takes to a corner, he would not recapture them. And similar to that is the entirety of the types, subjugated for the human being. Why is it like that? Except that these are without the intellect and the forethought.
فَإِنَّهَا لَوْ كَانَتْ تَعْقِلُ وَ تُرَوِّي فِي الْأُمُورِ كَانَتْ خَلِيقَةً أَنْ تَلْتَوِيَ عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ فِي كَثِيرٍ مِنْ مَآرِبِهِ حَتَّى يَمْتَنِعَ الْجَمَلُ عَلَى قَائِدِهِ وَ الثَّوْرُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ وَ تَتَفَرَّقُ الْغَنَمُ عَنْ رَاعِيهَا وَ أَشْبَاهُ هَذَا مِنْ الْأُمُورِ
They, if they had intellect and forethought in the affairs, it would have been disobedient upon the human being in most of its purposes, until the camel would prevent upon its guide, and the bull upon its master, and the sheep would disperse from its shepherd, and the likes of this from the affairs.
وَ كَذَلِكَ هَذِهِ السِّبَاعُ لَوْ كَانَتْ ذَاتَ عَقْلٍ وَ رَوِيَّةٍ فَتَوَازَرَتْ عَلَى النَّاسِ كَانَتْ خَلِيقَةً أَنْ تَجْتَاحَهُمْ فَمَنْ كَانَ يَقُومُ لِلْأُسْدِ وَ الذِّئَابِ وَ النُّمُورَةِ وَ الدِّبَبَةِ لَوْ تَعَاوَنَتْ وَ تَظَاهَرَتْ عَلَى النَّاسِ أَ فَلَا تَرَى كَيْفَ حُجِرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهَا وَ صَارَتْ مَكَانَ مَا كَانَ يُخَافُ مِنْ إِقْدَامِهَا وَ نِكَايَتِهَا تَهَابُ مَسَاكِنَ النَّاسِ وَ تُحْجِمُ عَنْهَا ثُمَّ لَا تَظْهُرُ وَ لَا تَنْشُرُ لِطَلَبِ قُوتِهَا إِلَّا بِاللَّيْلِ
And similar to that are these predators. Had they been with the intellect and forethought, they would have backed each other against the people, becoming creatures, which destroyed them. So, who could have withstood to the lions, and the wolves, and the tigers, and the bears, if they had backed each other against the people? Do you not see how that is Forbidden upon them, and they have come to a place that would have been fearful from its advent, and its snakes terrorising the dwellings of the people and are refraining from it, then they do not back each other, and do not disperse to seek their livelihood except at night?
فَهِيَ مَعَ صَوْلَتِهَا كَالْخَائِفِ لِلْإِنْسِ بَلْ مَقْمُوعَةٍ مَمْنُوعَةٍ مِنْهُمْ وَ لَوْ لَا ذَلِكَ لَسَاوَرَتْهُمْ فِي مَسَاكِنِهِمْ وَ ضَيَّعَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ
These, along with their access, are scared of the human beings, but (as if) oppressed, prevented from them. And had it not been that, they would have been in their dwelling and constricted upon them.
ثُمَّ جُعِلَ فِي الْكَلْبِ مِنْ بَيْنِ هَذِهِ السِّبَاعِ عَطْفٌ عَلَى مَالِكِهِ وَ مُحَامَاةٌ عَنْهُ وَ حِفَاظٌ لَهُ فَهُوَ يَنْتَقِلُ عَلَى الْحِيطَانِ وَ السُّطُوحِ فِي ظُلْمَةِ اللَّيْلِ لِحِرَاسَةِ مَنْزِلِ صَاحِبِهِ وَ ذَبِّ الدَّغَّارِ عَنْهُ وَ يَبْلُغُ مِنْ مَحَبَّتِهِ لِصَاحِبِهِ أَنْ يَبْذُلَ نَفْسَهُ لِلْمَوْتِ دُونَهُ وَ دُونَ مَاشِيَتِهِ وَ مَالِهِ وَ يَأْلَفُهُ غَايَةَ الْإِلْفِ حَتَّى يَصْبِرَ مَعَهُ عَلَى الْجُوعِ وَ الْجَفْوَةِ
Then, it has been Made to be in the dog, from between these predators, kindness upon its owner and defending from him, and protecting him. It moves upon the walls and the rooves in the darkness of the night to safeguard the house of its master, and defend the treachery from him, and reaches from its love for its master that it gives itself for the death instead of him and his livelihood and his wealth, and is intimate at the peak of intimacy to the extent that it is patient upon the hunger and the disloyalty.
فَلِمَ طُبِعَ الْكَلْبُ عَلَى هَذَا الْإِلْفِ إِلَّا لِيَكُونَ حَارِساً لِلْإِنْسَانِ لَهُ عَيْنٌ بِأَنْيَابٍ وَ مَخَالِبَ وَ نُبَاحٌ هَائِلٌ لِيُذْعَرَ مِنْهُ السَّارِقُ وَ يَتَجَنَّبَ الْمَوَاضِعَ الَّتِي يَحْمِيهَا وَ يَخْفِرُهَا
Why is the dog natured upon this intimacy except for it to become a safeguard for the human being, for it being eyes, with fangs, and claws, and a loud bark to frighten the thief from it to avoid the places which are to be protected, and discourages him?
يَا مُفَضَّلُ تَأَمَّلْ وَجْهَ الدَّابَّةِ كَيْفَ هُوَ فَإِنَّكَ تَرَى الْعَيْنَيْنِ شَاخِصَتَيْنِ أَمَامَهَا لِتُبْصِرَ مَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهَا لِئَلَّا تَصْدِمَ حَائِطاً أَوْ تَتَرَدَّى فِي حُفْرَةٍ وَ تَرَى الْفَمَ مَشْقُوقاً شَقّاً فِي أَسْفَلِ الْخَطْمِ وَ لَوْ شُقَّ كَمَكَانِ الْفَمِ مِنَ الْإِنْسَانِ فِي مُقَدَّمِ الذَّقَنِ لَمَا اسْتَطَاعَ أَنْ يَتَنَاوَلَ بِهِ شَيْئاً مِنَ الْأَرْضِ أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ لَا يَتَنَاوَلُ الطَّعَامَ بِفِيهِ وَ لَكِنْ بِيَدِهِ تَكْرِمَةً لَهُ عَلَى سَائِرِ الْآكِلَاتِ
O Mufazzal! Contemplate on the face of an animal, how it is, and you will see the two eyes as two fixed in front of it to see what is in front of it, lest it bangs into a wall or falls into a hole. And you see the mouth as ripped, cracked at the bottom of the nose, and if the mouth had been ripped just as it was from the human being in front of the chin, it would not have been able to attain anything with it from the ground. Do you not see that the human being cannot attain the food with his mouth, but with his hand, being an honour for him over the rest of the eaters?
فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلدَّابَّةِ يَدٌ تَتَنَاوَلُ بِهَا الْعَلَفَ جُعِلَ خَطْمُهَا مَشْقُوقاً مِنْ أَسْفَلِهِ لِتَقْبِضَ بِهِ عَلَى الْعَلَفِ ثُمَّ تَقْضَمُهُ وَ أُعِينَتْ بِالْجَحْفَلَةِ تَتَنَاوَلُ بِهَا مَا قَرُبَ وَ مَا بَعُدَ
When there does not happen to be a hand for the animal to take the fodder with it, its mouth has been Made to be ripped from its bottom to grab upon the fodder with it, then cut it, and it is assisted by the lips to take with these what is near and what is far.
اعْتَبِرْ بِذَنَبِهَا وَ الْمَنْفَعَةِ لَهَا فِيهِ فَإِنَّهُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الطَّبَقِ عَلَى الدُّبُرِ وَ الْحَيَاءِ جَمِيعاً يُوَارِيهِمَا وَ يَسْتُرُهُمَا وَ مِنْ مَنَافِعِهَا فِيهِ أَنَّ مَا بَيْنَ الدُّبُرِ وَ مَرَاقَّيِ الْبَطْنِ مِنْهَا وَضَرٌ يَجْتَمِعُ عَلَيْهِ الذُّبَابُ وَ الْبَعُوضُ فَجُعِلَ لَهَا الذَّنَبُ كَالْمَذَبَّةِ تَذُبُّ بِهَا عَنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَوْضِعِ
Consider its tail and the benefit for it in it, for it is at the status of the lid upon the back, and the shame altogether, covering these and hiding these. And from its benefits is that what is between the back and the stomach from these is excreta upon which the flies and the mosquitoes gather, so the tail has been Made for it like the whisk to drive them away from that place.
وَ مِنْهَا أَنَّ الدَّابَّةَ تَسْتَرِيحُ إِلَى تَحْرِيكِهِ وَ تَصْرِيفِهِ يَمْنَةً وَ يَسْرَةً فَإِنَّهُ لَمَّا كَانَ قِيَامُهَا عَلَى الْأَرْبَعِ بِأَسْرِهَا وَ شُغِلَتِ الْمُقَدِّمَتَانِ بِحَمْلِ الْبَدَنِ عَنِ التَّصَرُّفِ وَ التَّقَلُّبِ كَانَ لَهَا فِي تَحْرِيكِ الذَّنَبِ رَاحَةٌ وَ فِيهِ مَنَافِعُ أُخْرَى يَقْصُرُ عَنْهَا الْوَهْمُ يُعْرَفُ مَوَاقِعُهَا فِي وَقْتِ الْحَاجَةِ إِلَيْهَا
And from it is that the animal rests to move it and discharge it right and left, for if was standing upon the four (legs) as a whole, and the two front (legs) were occupied with carrying the body from the discharging and the moving, for it in the movement of the tail, there is rest. And in it are other benefits which the imaginations are deficient from knowing its occurrences in the time of need to it.
فَمِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ الدَّابَّةَ تَرْتَطِمُ فِي الْوَحَلِ فَلَا يَكُونُ شَيْءٌ أَعْوَنَ عَلَى نُهُوضِهَا مِنَ الْأَخْذِ بِذَنَبِهَا وَ فِي شَعْرِ الذَّنَبِ مَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ كَثِيرَةٌ يَسْتَعْمِلُونَهَا فِي مَآرِبِهِمْ ثُمَّ جُعِلَ ظَهْرُهَا مُسَطَّحاً مَبْطُوحاً عَلَى قَوَائِمَ أَرْبَعٍ لِيَتَمَكَّنَ مِنْ رُكُوبِهَا وَ جُعِلَ حَيَاهَا بَارِزاً مِنْ وَرَائِهَا لِيَتَمَكَّنَ الْفَحْلُ مِنْ ضَرْبِهَا وَ لَوْ كَانَ أَسْفَلَ الْبَطْنِ كَمَكَانِ الْفَرْجِ مِنَ الْمَرْأَةِ لَمْ يَتَمَكَّنِ الْفَحْلُ مِنْهَا أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّهُ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَهَا كِفَاحاً كَمَا يَأْتِي الرَّجُلُ الْمَرْأَةَ
From that is that the animal falls in the mud, and there does not happen to be anything more assisting upon extracting it than grabbing it by its tail. And in the hair of the tail there are many benefits for the people utilising these in their purposes. Then, its back is Made as a flat surface upon the four legs to enable one to ride them, and its shame has been made prominent from its back in order to enable the stallion from achieving it. And if it was below the belly just as the private part of the woman, the stallion would not have been able from it. Do you not see that it would not be able to come to its spouse just as the man come to the woman?
تَأَمَّلْ مِشْفَرَ الْفِيلِ وَ مَا فِيهِ مِنْ لَطِيفِ التَّدْبِيرِ فَإِنَّهُ يَقُومُ مَقَامَ الْيَدِ فِي تَنَاوُلِ الْعَلَفِ وَ الْمَاءِ وَ ازْدِرَادِهِمَا إِلَى جَوْفِهِ وَ لَوْ لَا ذَلِكَ مَا اسْتَطَاعَ أَنْ يَتَنَاوَلَ شَيْئاً مِنَ الْأَرْضِ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَتْ لَهُ رَقَبَةٌ يَمُدُّهَا كَسَائِرِ الْأَنْعَامِ
Contemplate on the lips of the elephant and is therein from the subtleness of the arrangement, so it stands of a place of the hand in taking the fodder and the water, and delivers these to its inside. And had it not been that, it would not have been able to take anything from the ground, because there isn’t for it an extended neck like the rest of the animals.
فَلَمَّا عَدِمَ الْعُنُقَ أُعِينَ مَكَانَ ذَلِكَ بِالْخُرْطُومِ الطَّوِيلِ لِيَسْدُلَهُ فَيَتَنَاوَلَ بِهِ حَاجَتَهُ فَمَنْ ذَا الَّذِي عَوَّضَهُ مَكَانَ الْعُضْوِ الَّذِي عَدِمَهُ مَا يَقُومُ مَقَامَهُ إِلَّا الرَّءُوفُ بِخَلْقِهِ وَ كَيْفَ يَكُونُ هَذَا بِالْإِهْمَالِ كَمَا قَالَتِ الظَّلَمَةُ
When the neck was fixed, there in place of that the long trunk for it in order to attain its needs. Who is that Who Replaced it in place of the organ which is fixed, what could stand in its place except the One-azwj Who is Kind with His-azwj creatures? And can this happen with the chaos (non-planning) just as the unjust ones are saying?
فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ فَمَا بَالُهُ لَمْ يَخْلُقْ ذَا عُنُقٍ كَسَائِرِ الْأَنْعَامِ قِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّ رَأْسَ الْفِيلِ وَ أُذُنَيْهِ أَمْرٌ عَظِيمٌ وَ ثِقْلٌ ثَقِيلٌ وَ لَوْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى عُنُقٍ عَظِيمَةٍ لَهَدَّهَا وَ أَوْهَنَهَا فَجَعَلَ رَأْسَهُ مُلْصَقاً بِجِسْمِهِ لِكَيْلَا يَنَالَ مِنْهُ مَا وَصَفْنَا وَ خَلَقَ لَهُ مَكَانَ الْعُنُقِ هَذَا الْمِشْفَرَ لِيَتَنَاوَلَ بِهِ غِذَاءَهُ فَصَارَ مَعَ عَدَمِهِ الْعُنُقَ مُسْتَوْفِياً مَا فِيهِ بُلُوغُ حَاجَتِهِ
If the speaker says, ‘What is the matter with Him-azwj not Creating that neck (of the elephant) like the rest of the animals?’ It would be said to him, ‘The head of the elephant, and its ears are a great matter and a heavy load, and had that great load been upon a neck, it would break it and weaken it. Its head is Made to be stuck to its body, lest it would face from it what we-asws described, and there has been Created for it in place of the neck, this trunk to attain its fodder with it. Thus, its fixed neck has been sufficed with what therein is a reachability of its need.
انْظُرِ الْآنَ كَيْفَ جُعِلَ حَيَاءُ الْأُنْثَى مِنَ الْفِيَلَةِ فِي أَسْفَلِ بَطْنِهَا فَإِذَا هَاجَتْ لِلضِّرَابِ ارْتَفَعَ وَ بَرَزَ حَتَّى يَتَمَكَّنَ الْفَحْلُ مِنْ ضَرْبِهَا فَاعْتَبِرْ كَيْفَ جُعِلَ حَيَاءُ الْأُنْثَى مِنَ الْفِيَلَةِ عَلَى خِلَافِ مَا عَلَيْهِ فِي غَيْرِهَا مِنَ الْأَنْعَامِ ثُمَّ جُعِلَتْ فِيهِ هَذِهِ الْخَلَّةُ لِيَتَهَيَّأَ لِلْأَمْرِ الَّذِي فِيهِ قِوَامُ النَّسْلِ وَ دَوَامُهُ
Look not, how the shame of the female of the elephant has been Made to be in the lower part of its belly. When there is a need for union, it raises and comes out until the (male) elephant is enabled from attaining it. Take a lesson, how the shame of the female has been Made to be differently of what is in others from the animal. Then this manner has been Made to be in it for the matter in which is the establishment of the lineage and its perpetuity.
فَكِّرْ فِي خَلْقِ الزَّرَافَةِ وَ اخْتِلَافِ أَعْضَائِهَا وَ شِبْهِهَا بِأَعْضَاءِ أَصْنَافٍ مِنَ الْحَيَوَانِ فَرَأْسُهَا رَأْسُ فَرَسٍ وَ عُنُقُهَا عُنُقُ جَمَلٍ وَ أَظْلَافُهَا أَظْلَافُ بَقَرَةٍ وَ جِلْدُهَا جِلْدُ نَمِرٍ وَ زَعَمَ نَاسٌ مِنَ الْجُهَّالِ بِاللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنَّ نِتَاجَهَا مِنْ فُحُولٍ شَتَّى قَالُوا وَ سَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ أَصْنَافاً مِنْ حَيَوَانِ الْبَرِّ إِذَا وَرَدَتِ الْمَاءَ تَنْزُو عَلَى بَعْضِ السَّائِمَةِ وَ يُنْتَجُ مِثْلُ هَذَا الشَّخْصِ الَّذِي هُوَ كَالْمُلْتَقَطِ مِنْ أَصْنَافٍ شَتَّى وَ هَذَا جَهْلٌ مِنْ قَائِلِهِ وَ قِلَّةُ مَعْرِفَتِهِ بِالْبَارِئِ جَلَّ قُدْسُهُ
Think regarding the creation of the giraffe and its different body part and its resemblance with the body parts of a variety of the animals. Its head is the head of a horse, and its neck is a neck of the camel, and its hooves are the hooves of a cow, and its skin is a skin of a tiger, and the people from the ones ignorant with Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic claim that it is a product from a variety of types! They are saying, ‘And the reason of that is that types of animals of the land, when they came to the water, they imaged upon some of the livestock, and it resulted in the likes of this individual which it is like a collection from various types. And this is ignorance of the one who says it, and scarcity of his understanding of the Creator, Majestic is His-azwj Holiness.
وَ لَيْسَ كُلُّ صِنْفٍ مِنَ الْحَيَوَانِ يُلْقِحُ كُلَّ صِنْفٍ فَلَا الْفَرَسُ يُلْقِحُ الْجَمَلَ وَ لَا الْجَمَلُ يُلْقِحُ الْبَقَرَ وَ إِنَّمَا يَكُونُ التَّلْقِيحُ مِنْ بَعْضِ الْحَيَوَانِ فِيمَا يُشَاكِلُهُ وَ يَقْرُبُ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ كَمَا يُلْقِحُ الْفَرَسَ الحمارة [الْحِمَارُ] فَيَخْرُجُ بَيْنَهُمَا الْبَغْلُ وَ يُلْقِحُ الذِّئْبُ الضَّبُعَ فَيَخْرُجُ بَيْنَهُمَا السِّمْعُ
And it isn’t so that every type of animal can impregnate every type. The horse cannot impregnate the camel, nor can the camel impregnate the cow, and rather the impregnation happens from some of the animals in what is similar to it and is near from its own creation, just like the horse impregnates the donkey, so the mule comes out from between the two, and the wolf impregnates the hyena so the mongoose comes out between the two.
عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ يَكُونُ فِي الَّذِي يَخْرُجُ مِنْ بَيْنِهِمَا عُضْوٌ مِنْ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا كَمَا فِي الزَّرَافَةِ عُضْوٌ مِنَ الْفَرَسِ وَ عُضْوٌ مِنَ الْجَمَلِ وَ أَظْلَافٌ مِنَ الْبَقَرَةِ بَلْ يَكُونُ كَالْمُتَوَسِّطِ بَيْنَهُمَا الْمُمْتَزِجِ مِنْهُمَا كَالَّذِي تَرَاهُ فِي الْبَغْلِ فَإِنَّكَ تَرَى رَأْسَهُ وَ أُذُنَيْهِ وَ كَفَلَهُ وَ ذَنَبَهُ وَ حَوَافِرَهُ وَسَطاً بَيْنَ هَذِهِ الْأَعْضَاءِ مِنَ الْفَرَسِ وَ الْحِمَارِ وَ شَحِيجَهُ كَالْمُمْتَزِجِ مِنْ صَهِيلِ الْفَرَسِ وَ نَهِيقِ الْحِمَارِ
On top of that, it cannot happen to be in the one who comes out from between the two, a body part from each on the two, just as is in the giraffe, a part from the horse, and a part from the camel, and the hooves from the cow. But, it would happen to be in the middle of the two, the mixed one from them like that which you see in the mule, for you see its head, and its ears, and its posterior, and its tail, and its hooves to be as a compromise between these body part from the horse and the donkey, and its diffusion like the mixture of a racing of the horse and sharpness of the donkey.
فَهَذَا دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَيْسَتِ الزَّرَافَةُ مِنْ لِقَاحِ أَصْنَافٍ شَتَّى مِنَ الْحَيَوَانِ كَمَا زَعَمَ الْجَاهِلُونَ بَلْ هِيَ خَلْقٌ عَجِيبٌ مِنْ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ لِلدَّلَالَةِ عَلَى قُدْرَتِهِ الَّتِي لَا يُعْجِزُهَا شَيْءٌ وَ لِيُعْلِمَ أَنَّهُ خَالِقُ أَصْنَافِ الْحَيَوَانِ كُلِّهَا يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مَا يَشَاءُ مِنْ أَعْضَائِهَا فِي أَيِّهَا شَاءَ وَ يُفَرِّقُ مَا شَاءَ مِنْهَا فِي أَيِّهَا شَاءَ وَ يَزِيدُ فِي الْخِلْقَةِ مَا شَاءَ وَ يَنْقُصُ مِنْهَا مَا شَاءَ دَلَالَةً عَلَى قُدْرَتِهِ عَلَى الْأَشْيَاءِ وَ أَنَّهُ لَا يُعْجِزُهُ شَيْءٌ أَرَادَهُ جَلَّ وَ تَعَالَى
This is evidence upon that the giraffe isn’t from an impregnation of a variety of types from the animals just as the ignorant ones are alleging. But, it is a wondrous creation from the creatures of Allah-azwj, evidencing upon His-azwj Power which He-azwj is not frustrated by anything, and for it to be known that He-azwj is the Creator of all the types of the animals, Gathering between whatever He-azwj so Desires from their body parts into whichever He-azwj so Desires, and Differentiating whatever He-azwj so Desires from these, and Increasing in the creation whatever He-azwj so Desires, and Reducing whatever He-azwj so Desires, evidencing upon His-azwj Power upon the things, and nothing frustrates Him-azwj, Majestic and Exalted, in His-azwj Intentions.
فَأَمَّا طُولُ عُنُقِهَا وَ الْمَنْفَعَةُ لَهَا فِي ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّ مَنْشَأَهَا وَ مَرْعَاهَا فِي غَيَاطِلَ ذَوَاتِ أَشْجَارٍ شَاهِقَةٍ ذَاهِبَةٍ طُولًا فِي الْهَوَاءِ فَهِيَ تَحْتَاجُ إِلَى طُولِ الْعُنُقِ لِتَنَاوَلَ بِفِيهَا أَطْرَافَ تِلْكَ الْأَشْجَارِ فَتَتَقَوَّتَ مِنْ ثِمَارِهَا
As for the length of its neck and the benefits for it in that, so its feed and its pastures are in high-rise foliage from the trees that go up in the air, therefore it is needy of a long neck in order to take by its mouth the ends of those trees, and it feeds from its fruits.
تَأَمَّلْ خَلْقَ الْقِرْدِ وَ شِبْهَهُ بِالْإِنْسَانِ فِي كَثِيرٍ مِنْ أَعْضَائِهِ أَعْنِي الرَّأْسَ وَ الْوَجْهَ وَ الْمَنْكِبَيْنِ وَ الصَّدْرَ وَ كَذَلِكَ أَحْشَاؤُهُ شَبِيهَةٌ أَيْضاً بِأَحْشَاءِ الْإِنْسَانِ وَ خُصَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ بِالذِّهْنِ وَ الْفِطْنَةِ الَّتِي بِهَا يَفْهَمُ عَنْ سَائِسِهِ مَا يُومِئُ إِلَيْهِ وَ يَحْكِي كَثِيراً مِمَّا يَرَى الْإِنْسَانَ يَفْعَلُهُ حَتَّى إِنَّهُ يَقْرُبُ مِنْ خَلْقِ الْإِنْسَانِ وَ شَمَائِلِهِ فِي التَّدْبِيرِ فِي خِلْقَتِهِ عَلَى مَا هِيَ عَلَيْهِ
Contemplate on the creation of the monkey and its resemblance with the human being in most of its body parts. I-asws mean the head, and the face, and the shoulders, and the chest, and like that. And similar to that are its bones as well resembling the bones of the humans, and especially from that with the mind, and the acumen by which its feelings can be understood by what it is gestured to, and relates a lot from what it sees the human being does, to the extent that it is the closest from the creation of the human being and his beauty in the arrangement in its creation upon what it is upon.
أَنْ يَكُونَ عِبْرَةً لِلْإِنْسَانِ فِي نَفْسِهِ فَيَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ مِنْ طِينَةِ الْبَهَائِمِ وَ سِنْخِهَا إِذْ كَانَ يَقْرُبُ مِنْ خَلْقِهَا هَذَا الْقُرْبَ وَ أَنَّهُ لَوْ لَا فَضِيلَةٌ فَضَّلَهُ اللَّهُ بِهَا فِي الذِّهْنِ وَ الْعَقْلِ وَ النُّطْقِ كَانَ كَبَعْضِ الْبَهَائِمِ
That would happen to be a lesson for the human being in himself, so he would know that he is from the essence of the animals and their origins, when he was so close from its creation with this closeness, and he, if he had not been for a Grace which Allah-azwj Graced him with, regarding the mind, and the intellect, and the talking, he would be like some of the animals.
عَلَى أَنَّ فِي جِسْمِ الْقِرْدِ فُضُولًا أُخْرَى يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ الْإِنْسَانِ كَالْخَطْمِ وَ الذَّنَبِ الْمُسَدَّلِ وَ الشَّعْرِ الْمُجَلِّلِ لِلْجِسْمِ كُلِّهِ وَ هَذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَانِعاً لِلْقِرْدِ أَنْ يُلْحَقَ بِالْإِنْسَانِ لَوْ أُعْطِيَ مِثْلَ ذِهْنِ الْإِنْسَانِ وَ عَقْلِهِ وَ نُطْقِهِ وَ الْفَصْلُ الْفَاصِلُ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ الْإِنْسَانِ بِالصِّحَّةِ هُوَ النَّقْصُ فِي الْعَقْلِ وَ الذِّهْنِ وَ النُّطْقِ
On top of that, in the body of the monkey are other extras which differentiate between it and the human beings, like the snout and the uncurled tail, and the hair covering the whole body. And this would not prevent the monkey that he catches up with the human being if it had been Given a mind similar to the human being, and his intellect, and his talk, and the distance distancing between it and the human being with the correctness, it is deficient in the intellect, and the mind, and the talking.
انْظُرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ إِلَى لُطْفِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ اسْمُهُ بِالْبَهَائِمِ كَيْفَ كُسِيَتْ أَجْسَامُهُمْ هَذِهِ الْكِسْوَةَ مِنَ الشَّعْرِ وَ الْوَبَرِ وَ الصُّوفِ لِيَقِيَهَا مِنَ الْبَرْدِ وَ كَثْرَةِ الْآفَاتِ وَ أُلْبِسَتْ قَوَائِمُهَا الْأَظْلَافَ وَ الْحَوَافِرَ وَ الْأَخْفَافَ لِيَقِيَهَا مِنَ الْحَفَا إِذْ كَانَتْ لَا أَيْدِيَ لَهَا وَ لَا أَكُفَّ وَ لَا أَصَابِعَ مُهَيَّأَةً لِلْغَزْلِ وَ النَّسْجِ
Look, O Mufazzal, at the Subtlety of Allah-azwj, Majestic is His-azwj Name, with the animals, how He-azwj Cladded them with this cladding, from the hair, and the fur, and the wool for its facing the cold and a lot of the afflictions, and Clothed their legs with the pointed hooves, and the flat hooves, and the footwear to protect them from the bare-footedness, when there was neither any hand for it, nor a palm, nor fingers prepared for the spinning and weaving?
فَكُفُوا بِأَنْ جُعِلَ كِسْوَتُهُمْ فِي خِلْقَتِهِمْ بَاقِيَةً عَلَيْهِمْ مَا بَقُوا لَا يَحْتَاجُونَ إِلَى تَجْدِيدِهَا وَ الِاسْتِبْدَالِ بِهَا فَأَمَّا الْإِنْسَانُ فَإِنَّهُ ذُو حِيلَةٍ وَ كَفٍّ مُهَيَّأَةٍ لِلْعَمَلِ فَهُوَ يَنْسِجُ وَ يَغْزِلُ وَ يَتَّخِذُ لِنَفْسِهِ الْكِسْوَةَ وَ يَسْتَبْدِلُ بِهَا حَالًا بَعْدَ حَالٍ وَ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ صَلَاحٌ مِنْ جِهَاتٍ
Thus, they are stopped, that their cladding is Made to be remaining on their bodies for as long as they remain, not been needy to renew these, and the replacing it. As for the human being, so he is with the mean and a palm ready for the work, so he weaves and he spins and takes the clothing for himself, and changes it year after year, and for him, in that, is an interest from some aspects.
مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ يَشْتَغِلُ بِصَنْعَةِ اللِّبَاسِ عَنِ الْعَبَثِ وَ مَا يُخْرِجُهُ إِلَيْهِ الْكِفَايَةُ وَ مِنْهَا أَنَّهُ يَسْتَرِيحُ إِلَى خَلْعِ كِسْوَتِهِ إِذَا شَاءَ وَ لُبْسِهَا إِذَا شَاءَ وَ مِنْهَا أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ لِنَفْسِهِ مِنَ الْكِسْوَةِ ضُرُوباً لَهَا جَمَالٌ وَ رَوْعَةٌ فَيَتَلَذَّذُ بِلُبْسِهَا وَ تَبْدِيلِهَا
From that – he is busy in making the clothing’s from the tampering and whatever comes out as sufficient. And from it is that he rests to take off his clothes whenever he so desires and wears whenever he so desires. And from it is that he takes the various clothes for himself as a beauty and splendour, and he derives pleasure by wearing them and changing them.
وَ كَذَلِكَ يَتَّخِذُ بِالرِّفْقِ مِنَ الصَّنْعَةِ ضُرُوباً مِنَ الْخِفَافِ وَ النِّعَالِ يَقِي بِهَا قَدَمَيْهِ وَ فِي ذَلِكَ مَعَايِشُ لِمَنْ يَعْمَلُهُ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَ مَكَاسِبُ يَكُونُ فِيهَا مَعَاشُهُمْ وَ مِنْهَا أَقْوَاتُهُمْ وَ أَقْوَاتُ عِيَالِهِمْ فَصَارَ الشَّعْرُ وَ الْوَبَرُ وَ الصُّوفُ يَقُومُ لِلْبَهَائِمِ مَقَامَ الْكِسْوَةِ وَ الْأَظْلَافُ وَ الْحَوَافِرُ وَ الْأَخْفَافُ مَقَامَ الْحِذَاءِ
And similar to that he takes with the gentleness from the making of various types of shoes, and slippers to save his feet with these, and in that is a livelihood for one who makes it, from the people, and an earning for a livelihood to happen to be for them. And from it is their subsistence and the subsistence for their dependants. Thus, the hair, and the fur, and the wool become stand for the animals in the place of the clothing, and the pointed hooves, and the flat hooves, and the footwear in the place of the shoes.
فَكِّرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ فِي خِلْقَةٍ عَجِيبَةٍ جُعِلَتْ فِي الْبَهَائِمِ فَإِنَّهُمْ يُوَارُونَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ إِذَا مَاتُوا كَمَا يُوَارِي النَّاسُ مَوْتَاهُمْ وَ إِلَّا فَأَيْنَ جِيَفُ هَذِهِ الْوُحُوشِ وَ السِّبَاعِ وَ غَيْرِهَا لَا يُرَى مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ وَ لَيْسَتْ قَلِيلَةً فَتَخْفَى لِقِلَّتِهَا بَلْ لَوْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ إِنَّهَا أَكْثَرُ مِنَ النَّاسِ لَصَدَقَ
Think, O Mufazzal, regarding the wondrous creation Made to be in the animals, for they are burying themselves when they are dying just as the people bury their deceased, or else so where is the decay (carcasses) of these beasts and the predators and others, nothing is seen from these? And they aren’t a few, so they could be hidden for their scarcity. But, if a speaker were to say, ‘These are more (in number) than the people’, he would have spoken the truth.
فَاعْتَبِرْ ذَلِكَ بِمَا تَرَاهُ فِي الصَّحَارِي وَ الْجِبَالِ مِنْ أَسْرَابِ الظِّبَاءِ وَ الْمَهَا وَ الْحَمِيرِ وَ الْوُعُولِ وَ الْأَيَائِلِ وَ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْوُحُوشِ وَ أَصْنَافِ السِّبَاعِ مِنَ الْأُسْدِ وَ الضِّبَاعِ وَ الذِّئَابِ وَ النُّمُورِ وَ غَيْرِهَا وَ ضُرُوبِ الْهَوَامِّ وَ الْحَشَرَاتِ وَ دَوَابِّ الْأَرْضِ
Consider that with what you see in the deserts, and the mountains from the flocks of the antelopes, and the oxen, and the donkeys, and ibexes, and the deers, and other than that from the animals, and the types of predators from the lions, and the hyenas, and the wolves, and the tigers, and others, and variety of the vermins, and the insects, and the livestock of the earth.
وَ كَذَلِكَ أَسْرَابُ الطَّيْرِ مِنَ الْغِرْبَانِ وَ الْقَطَا وَ الْإِوَزِّ وَ الْكَرَاكِي وَ الْحَمَامِ وَ سِبَاعِ الطَّيْرِ جَمِيعاً وَ كُلُّهَا لَا يُرَى مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ إِذَا مَاتَتْ إِلَّا الْوَاحِدَ بَعْدَ الْوَاحِدِ يَصِيدُهُ قَانِصٌ أَوْ يَفْتَرِسُهُ سَبُعٌ
And similar to that are the flocks of the birds from the crows, and the pigeons, and the geese, and the shorebirds, and the doves, and predatorily birds altogether, and all of these, nothing is seen from them when they die, except the one after the one gets hunted or devoured by a predator.
فَإِذَا أَحَسُّوا بِالْمَوْتِ كَمَنُوا فِي مَوَاضِعَ خَفِيَّةٍ فَيَمُوتُونَ فِيهَا وَ لَوْ لَا ذَلِكَ لَامْتَلَأَتِ الصَّحَارِي مِنْهَا حَتَّى تَفْسُدَ رَائِحَةُ الْهَوَاءِ وَ يُحْدَثُ الْأَمْرَاضُ وَ الْوَبَاءُ
When they sense the death, they disappear in a hidden place and they are dying therein, and had it not been that, the deserts would be filled up from these to the extent that it would spoil the smell of the air, and diseases and the plague would occur.
فَانْظُرْ إِلَى هَذَا الَّذِي يَخْلُصُ إِلَيْهِ النَّاسُ وَ عَمِلُوهُ بِالتَّمْثِيلِ الْأَوَّلِ الَّذِي مُثِّلَ لَهُمْ كَيْفَ جُعِلَ طَبْعاً وَ ادِّكَاراً فِي الْبَهَائِمِ وَ غَيْرِهَا لِيَسْلَمَ النَّاسُ مِنْ مَعَرَّةِ مَا يُحْدَثُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الْأَمْرَاضِ وَ الْفَسَادِ
Therefore, look at this which the people are ending up to, and understand it with the first example which had been struck for them (Qabeel-la burying Habeel-as), how it has been Made to be a nature and burying among the animals and others, for the safety of the people from the harm which would occur upon them from the diseases and the spoiling.
فَكِّرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ فِي الْفَطَنِ الَّتِي جُعِلَتْ فِي الْبَهَائِمِ لِمَصْلَحَتِهَا بِالطَّبْعِ وَ الْخِلْقَةِ لُطْفاً مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهُمْ لِئَلَّا يَخْلُوَ مِنْ نِعَمِهِ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ أَحَدٌ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ لَا بِعَقْلٍ وَ رَوِيَّةٍ
Think, O Mufazzal regarding the acumen which has been Made to be in the animals for their interests with the natures and the subtle creation from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic for them, lest anyone from His-azwj creatures would be devoid from the Favour of the Majestic and Mighty, not by intellect and acumen.
فَإِنَّ الْأُيَّلَ يَأْكُلُ الْحَيَّاتِ فَيَعْطَشُ عَطَشاً شَدِيداً فَيَمْتَنِعُ مِنْ شُرْبِ الْمَاءِ خَوْفاً مِنْ أَنْ يَدِبَّ السَّمُّ فِي جِسْمِهِ فَيَقْتُلَهُ وَ يَقِفُ عَلَى الْغَدِيرِ وَ هُوَ مَجْهُودٌ عَطَشاً فَيَعِجُّ عَجِيجاً عَالِياً وَ لَا يَشْرَبُ مِنْهُ وَ لَوْ شَرِبَ لَمَاتَ مِنْ سَاعَتِهِ فَانْظُرْ إِلَى مَا جُعِلَ مِنْ طِبَاعِ هَذِهِ الْبَهِيمَةِ مِنْ تَحَمُّلِ الظَّمَاءِ الْغَالِبِ خَوْفاً مِنَ الْمَضَرَّةِ فِي الشُّرْبِ وَ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا لَا يَكَادُ الْإِنْسَانُ الْعَاقِلُ الْمُمَيِّزُ يَضْبِطُهُ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ
The deer eats the snake, and it gets thirsty with intense thirst, but it prevents from drinking the water fearing from spread of the poison in its body which would kill it, and it pauses upon the well and it is a thirsty effort, so it shrieks a loud shriek and does not drink from it, and if it were to drink, it would die immediately. Look at what is Made to be from the nature of these animals from the overwhelming thirst fearing from the harm in the drinking, and that is from what the intellectual human almost cannot grasp in himself.
وَ الثَّعْلَبَ إِذَا أَعْوَزَهُ الطُّعْمُ تَمَاوَتَ وَ نَفَخَ بَطْنَهُ حَتَّى يَحْسَبَهُ الطَّيْرُ مَيِّتاً فَإِذَا وَقَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ لِتَنْهَشَهُ وَثَبَ عَلَيْهَا فَأَخَذَهَا فَمَنْ أَعَانَ الثَّعْلَبَ الْعَدِيمَ النُّطْقِ وَ الرَّوِيَّةِ بِهَذِهِ الْحِيلَةِ إِلَّا مَنْ تَوَكَّلَ بِتَوْجِيهِ الرِّزْقِ لَهُ مِنْ هَذَا وَ شِبْهِهِ
And the fox, when it lacks food and blows its belly until the bird reckons it is dead. But, when it falls upon it, it surprises it and leaps upon it and grabs it. Who assisted the fox who is speechless and the deliberateness with this trick, except the One-azwj Who Guaranteed its sustenance for it from this, and it’s like?
فَإِنَّهُ لَمَّا كَانَ الثَّعْلَبُ يَضْعُفُ عَنْ كَثِيرٍ مِمَّا يَقْوَى عَلَيْهِ السِّبَاعُ مِنْ مُسَاوَرَةِ الصَّيْدِ أُعِينَ بِالدَّهَاءِ وَ الْفِطْنَةِ وَ الِاحْتِيَالِ لِمَعَاشِهِ وَ الدُّلْفِينَ يَلْتَمِسُ صَيْدَ الطَّيْرِ فَيَكُونُ حِيلَتُهُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ السَّمَكَ فَيَقْتُلَهُ وَ يَشْرَحَهُ حَتَّى يَطْفُوَ عَلَى الْمَاءِ يَكْمُنُ تَحْتَهُ وَ يُثَوِّرُ الْمَاءَ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى لَا يَتَبَيَّنَ شَخْصُهُ فَإِذَا وَقَعَ الطَّيْرُ عَلَى السَّمَكِ الطَّافِي وَثَبَ إِلَيْهَا فَاصْطَادَهَا فَانْظُرْ إِلَى هَذِهِ الْحِيلَةِ كَيْفَ جُعِلَتْ طَبْعاً فِي هَذِهِ الْبَهِيمَةِ لِبَعْضِ الْمَصْلَحَةِ
It is so that when the fox is weak from most of the predators which are stronger upon him, from acquiring the hunt, eyes with the plotting, and the acumen, and the trickery for its livelihood, and the dolphins seeking a prey of the bird, so its trickery in that would happen to be that it would take the fish and kill it, and tear it until it floats upon the water. He hides under it and the water which is upon it, its person not being seen. So, when the bird falls upon the floating fish, it leaps towards it and catches it. Therefore, look at this trickery, how it is made to be a nature in this animal for some of its interests?’
قَالَ الْمُفَضَّلُ فَقُلْتُ خَبِّرْنِي يَا مَوْلَايَ عَنِ التِّنِّينِ وَ السَّحَابِ
Al-Mufazzal said, ‘I said, ‘Inform me, O my Master-asws, about the dragon and the cloud’.
فَقَالَ ع إِنَّ السَّحَابَ كَالْمُوَكَّلِ بِهِ يَخْتَطِفُهُ حَيْثُمَا ثَقِفَهُ كَمَا يَخْتَطِفُ حَجَرُ الْمِغْنَاطِيسِ الْحَدِيدَ فَهُوَ لَا يَطْلُعُ رَأْسَهُ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَوْفاً مِنَ السَّحَابِ وَ لَا يَخْرُجُ إِلَّا فِي الْقَيْظِ مَرَّةً إِذَا صَحَتِ السَّمَاءُ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهَا نُكْتَةٌ مِنْ غَيْمَةٍ
He-asws said: ‘The cloud is allocated with it, snatching it away wherever it may be, just as a rock snatches away the magnetism of the iron, and it does not emerge its head in the ground fearing from the cloud, not does it come out except in the heat when the sky is correct and there does not happen to be in it a speck of a cloud’.
قُلْتُ فَلِمَ وَكَّلَ السَّحَابَ بِالتِّنِّينِ يَرْصُدُهُ وَ يَخْتَطِفُهُ إِذَا وَجَدَهُ
I said, ‘Why is the cloud allocated with the dragon, lying in wait for it, and snatching it when it finds it?’
قَالَ لِيَدْفَعَ عَنِ النَّاسِ مَضَرَّتَهُ
He-asws said: ‘To defend the people from being wounded’.
قَالَ الْمُفَضَّلُ فَقُلْتُ قَدْ وَصَفْتَ لِي مَوْلَايَ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْبَهَائِمِ مَا فِيهِ مُعْتَبَرٌ لِمَنِ اعْتَبَرَ فَصِفْ لِيَ الذَّرَّةَ وَ النَّمْلَ وَ الطَّيْرَ
Al-Mufazzal said, ‘I said, ‘You-asws have described to me, O my Master-asws, from the matters of the animals what is there in a deliberation for one who considers, so described to me the small red bee, and the ant, and the bird’.
فَقَالَ ع يَا مُفَضَّلُ تَأَمَّلْ وَجْهَ الذَّرَّةِ الْحَقِيرَةِ الصَّغِيرَةِ هَلْ تَجِدُ فِيهَا نَقْصاً عَمَّا فِيهِ صَلَاحُهَا فَمِنْ أَيْنَ هَذَا التَّقْدِيرُ وَ الصَّوَابُ فِي خَلْقِ الذَّرَّةِ إِلَّا مِنَ التَّدْبِيرِ الْقَائِمِ فِي صَغِيرِ الْخَلْقِ وَ كَبِيرِهِ
He-asws said: ‘O Mufazzal! Contemplate on the face of the small red bee, the petty, the little. Do you find any deficiency in it from what wherein is its interest? From where is this determination and the correctness in the creation of the red bee except from the arrangement of the Custodian in the small of the creatures and its large ones?
انْظُرْ إِلَى النَّمْلِ وَ احْتِشَادِهَا فِي جَمْعِ الْقُوتِ وَ إِعْدَادِهِ فَإِنَّكَ تَرَى الْجَمَاعَةَ مِنْهَا إِذَا نَقَلَتِ الْحَبَّ إِلَى زُبْيَتِهَا بِمَنْزِلَةِ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ يَنْقُلُونَ الطَّعَامَ أَوْ غَيْرَهُ بَلْ لِلنَّمْلِ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْجِدِّ وَ التَّشْمِيرِ مَا لَيْسَ لِلنَّاسِ مِثْلُهُ
Look at the ant and its accumulation in collecting the subsistence and its preparation, and you will see the community from it transferring the grain to its home, being at the status of a community from the people transferring the food or something else. But, for the ant, in that, from the struggle and the activity what isn’t for the people, the like of it.
أَ مَا تَرَاهُمْ يَتَعَاوَنُونَ عَلَى النَّقْلِ كَمَا يَتَعَاوَنُ النَّاسُ عَلَى الْعَمَلِ ثُمَّ يَعْمِدُونَ إِلَى الْحَبِّ فَيُقَطِّعُونَهُ قِطَعاً لِكَيْلَا يَنْبُتَ فَيَفْسُدَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَإِنْ أَصَابَهُ نَدًى أَخْرَجُوهُ فَنَشَرُوهُ حَتَّى يَجِفَّ ثُمَّ لَا يَتَّخِذُ النَّمْلُ الزُّبْيَةَ إِلَّا فِي نشر [نَشَزٍ] مِنَ الْأَرْضِ كَيْ لَا يُفِيضَ السَّيْلُ فَيُغْرِقَهَا فَكُلُّ هَذَا مِنْهُ بِلَا عَقْلٍ وَ لَا رَوِيَّةٍ بَلْ خِلْقَةٌ خُلِقَ عَلَيْهَا لِمَصْلَحَةٍ لُطْفاً مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ
But, do you not see them assisting each other upon the transfer just as the people assist each other upon the work? Then, they are deliberating to the grain, and they are cutting it into pieces lest it grows, and it spoils upon them, and if wetness hits it, so they separate it until it dries up. Then, the ant does not take to a place except in a high part from the ground so that the flood does not flow to it and drowns it. (Is) all this without intellect or acumen (insight)? But, it is a manner Created upon it for its subtle interest from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic.
انْظُرْ إِلَى هَذَا الَّذِي يُقَالُ لَهُ اللَّيْثُ وَ تُسَمِّيهِ الْعَامَّةُ أَسَدَ الذُّبَابِ وَ مَا أُعْطِيَ مِنَ الْحِيلَةِ وَ الرِّفْقِ فِي مَعَاشِهِ فَإِنَّكَ تَرَاهُ حِينَ يُحِسُّ بِالذُّبَابِ قَدْ وَقَعَ قَرِيباً مِنْهُ تَرَكَهُ مَلِيّاً حَتَّى كَأَنَّهُ مَوَاتٌ لَا حَرَاكَ بِهِ فَإِذَا رَأَى الذُّبَابَ قَدِ اطْمَأَنَّ وَ غَفَلَ عَنْهُ دَبَّ دَبِيباً دَقِيقاً حَتَّى يَكُونَ مِنْهُ بِحَيْثُ يَنَالُهُ وَثْبُهُ ثُمَّ يَثِبُ عَلَيْهِ فَيَأْخُذُهُ فَإِذَا أَخَذَهُ اشْتَمَلَ عَلَيْهِ بِجِسْمِهِ كُلِّهِ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَنْجُوَ مِنْهُ فَلَا يَزَالُ قَابِضاً عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يُحِسَّ بِأَنَّهُ قَدْ ضَعُفَ وَ اسْتَرْخَى ثُمَّ يُقْبِلُ عَلَيْهِ فَيَفْتَرِسُهُ وَ يَحْيَا بِذَلِكَ مِنْهُ
Look at this which is called ‘Al Lays’ (dragonfly), and the generality have named it as ‘lion of the flies’, and what it has been Given from the tricks, and the kindness in its life, and you will see it senses as being with the flies to be nearby from it, leave it for a while until as if it is dead, there being no movement with it. When the fly sees it, and feels secure and become neglectful from it, until it is at a precise distance from it where it can attain it, then leaps upon it and grabs it. When it does take it, covers upon it with its whole body fearing that it might be rescued from it. It does not cease to be capturing upon it until it senses that it has weakened and relaxed, then it faces towards it and pierces it, so it eats it and live with that from it.
فَأَمَّا الْعَنْكَبُوتُ فَإِنَّهُ يَنْسِجُ ذَلِكَ النَّسْجَ فَيَتَّخِذُهُ شَرَكاً وَ مَصْيَدَةً لِلذُّبَابِ ثُمَّ يَكْمُنُ فِي جَوْفِهِ فَإِذَا نَشِبَ فِيهِ الذُّبَابُ أَجَالَ عَلَيْهِ يَلْدَغُهُ سَاعَةً بَعْدَ سَاعَةٍ فَيَعِيشُ بِذَلِكَ مِنْهُ فَكَذَلِكَ يُحْكَى صَيْدُ الْكِلَابِ وَ الْفُهُودِ وَ هَكَذَا يُحْكَى صَيْدُ الْأَشْرَاكِ وَ الْحَبَائِلِ
As for the spider, so it weaves that web and takes it as a trap and a snare for the flies, then it hides inside it. When the fly thrusts into it, it attacks upon it, stinging it time after time, and it live with that from it. Like that, it is related of the prey of the dogs and the leopards, like this is related of the prey of the snares and the ropes.
فَانْظُرْ إِلَى هَذِهِ الدُّوَيْبَّةِ الضَّعِيفَةِ كَيْفَ جُعِلَ فِي طَبْعِهَا مَا لَا يَبْلُغُهُ الْإِنْسَانُ إِلَّا بِالْحِيلَةِ وَ اسْتِعْمَالِ آلَاتٍ فِيهَا فَلَا تَزْدَرِ بِالشَّيْءِ إِذَا كَانَتِ الْعِبْرَةُ فِيهِ وَاضِحَةً كَالذَّرَّةِ وَ النَّمْلَةِ وَ مَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّ الْمَعْنَى النَّفِيسَ قَدْ يُمَثَّلُ بِالشَّيْءِ الْحَقِيرِ فَلَا يَضَعُ مِنْهُ ذَلِكَ كَمَا لَا يَضَعُ مِنَ الدِّينَارِ وَ هُوَ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ أَنْ يُوزَنَ بِمِثْقَالٍ مِنْ حَدِيدٍ
Look at these weak animals how it has been Made to be in its nature what the human being cannot reach except by means and utilising the tools in it. Do not be despising with anything when there was a clear lesson in it, like the red bee and the ant, and what resembles that, for the noble meaning has been represented with the despicable thing, therefore do not waste that just as one does not waste the Dinar, and it is from gold, that one would weight its weight from iron.
تَأَمَّلْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ جِسْمَ الطَّائِرِ وَ خِلْقَتَهُ فَإِنَّهُ حِينَ قُدِّرَ أَنْ يَكُونَ طَائِراً فِي الْجَوِّ خُفِّفَ جِسْمُهُ وَ أُدْمِجَ خَلْقُهُ فَاقْتَصَرَ بِهِ مِنَ الْقَوَائِمِ الْأَرْبَعِ عَلَى اثْنَتَيْنِ وَ مِنَ الْأَصَابِعِ الْخَمْسِ عَلَى أَرْبَعٍ وَ مِنْ مَنْفَذَيْنِ لِلزِّبْلِ وَ الْبَوْلِ عَلَى وَاحِدٍ يَجْمَعُهُمَا
Contemplate, O Mufazzal, on the body of the bird and its creation, for where it is able to be able to fly in the air, lightness of its body and integration of its creation. It has been reduced with from the four legs, to be upon two, and from the five fingers to be upon four, and from the two implements of the droop and the urine upon one combined.
ثُمَّ خُلِقَ ذَا جُؤْجُؤٍ مُحَدَّدٍ لِيَسْهُلَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَخْرِقَ الْهَوَاءَ كَيْفَ مَا أَخَذَ فِيهِ كَمَا جُعِلَ السَّفِينَةُ بِهَذِهِ الْهَيْئَةِ لِتَشُقَّ الْمَاءَ وَ تَنْفُذَ فِيهِ وَ جُعِلَ فِي جَنَاحَيْهِ وَ ذَنَبِهِ رِيشَاتٌ طِوَالٌ مِتَانٌ لِيَنْهَضَ بِهَا لِلطَّيَرَانِ وَ كُسِيَ كُلُّهُ الرِّيشَ لِيُدَاخِلَهُ الْهَوَاءُ فَيُقِلَّهُ
Then, it has been Created with limited breasts to ease upon it when it breaks through the atmosphere, how it takes off in it, just as the ship has been made with these preparations to break the water and be implemented in it. And there has been Made to be long feathers in its wings and its tail to ease with it for the flying, and the whole of it is covered with the feathers to enter into the air and stay there.
وَ لَمَّا قُدِّرَ أَنْ يَكُونَ طُعْمُهُ الْحَبَّ وَ اللَّحْمَ يَبْلَعُهُ بَلْعاً بِلَا مَضْغٍ نُقِصَ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ الْأَسْنَانُ وَ خُلِقَ لَهُ مِنْقَارٌ صُلْبٌ جَاسٍ يَتَنَاوَلُ بِهِ طُعْمَهُ فَلَا ينسجح [يَنْسَحِجُ] مِنْ لَقْطِ الْحَبِّ وَ لَا يَتَقَصَّفُ مِنْ نَهْشِ اللَّحْمِ وَ لَمَّا عَدِمَ الْأَسْنَانَ وَ صَارَ يَزْدَرِدُ الْحَبَ صَحِيحاً وَ اللَّحْمَ غَرِيضاً أُعِينَ بِفَضْلِ حَرَارَةٍ فِي الْجَوْفِ تَطْحَنُ لَهُ الطُّعْمَ طَحْناً يَسْتَغْنِي بِهِ عَنِ الْمَضْغِ
And when it is determined that its food should happen to be the seed and the flesh, it swallows without chewing, being deficient of the teeth in its creation, and there has been created for it a solid, rigid beak, taking by its food by it, and it does not wear off from picking the seed, not does it break from piercing the meat. And when it has no teeth and becomes swallowing the whole grain, and the chunks of meat, it is assisted by the extra heat in the inside grinding the food for it, becoming needless with it from the chewing.
وَ اعْتَبِرْ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ عَجَمَ الْعِنَبِ وَ غَيْرِهِ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ أَجْوَافِ الْإِنْسِ صَحِيحاً وَ يُطْحَنُ فِي أَجْوَافِ الطَّيْرِ لَا يُرَى لَهُ أَثَرٌ ثُمَّ جُعِلَ مِمَّا يَبِيضُ بَيْضاً وَ لَا يَلِدُ وِلَادَةً لِكَيْلَا يَثْقُلَ عَنِ الطَّيَرَانِ فَإِنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَتِ الْفِرَاخُ فِي جَوْفِهِ تَمْكُثُ حَتَّى تَسْتَحْكِمَ لَأَثْقَلَتْهُ وَ عَاقَتْهُ عَنِ النُّهُوضِ وَ الطَّيَرَانِ فَجُعِلَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ مُشَاكِلًا لِلْأَمْرِ الَّذِي قُدِّرَ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلَيْهِ
And consider that the seed of the grape and other comes out from the inside of the human being, whole, and it gets grinded in the inside of the bird, no trace being seen for it. Then it is Made from what lays the eggs and does not give birth directly, lets it becomes too heavy from the flying, for had it been a chick in its inside, it would remain until it is burdened and weighed down from the advancing and the flying. All things from its creation have been Made similar for the matter, which is Ordained to happen upon it.
ثُمَّ صَارَ الطَّائِرُ السَّائِحُ فِي هَذَا الْجَوِّ يَقْعُدُ عَلَى بَيْضِهِ فَيَحْضُنُهُ أُسْبُوعاً وَ بَعْضُهَا أُسْبُوعَيْنِ وَ بَعْضُهَا ثَلَاثَةَ أَسَابِيعَ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ الْفَرْخُ مِنَ الْبَيْضَةِ ثُمَّ يُقْبِلُ عَلَيْهِ فَيَزُقُّهُ الرِّيحَ لِتَتَّسِعَ حَوْصَلَتُهُ لِلْغِذَاءِ ثُمَّ يُرَبِّيهِ وَ يُغَذِّيهِ بِمَا يَعِيشُ بِهِ فَمَنْ كَلَّفَهُ أَنْ يَلْقُطَ الطُّعْمَ وَ يَسْتَخْرِجَهُ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَسْتَقِرَّ فِي حَوْصَلَتِهِ وَ يَغْذُو بِهِ فِرَاخَهُ وَ لِأَيِّ مَعْنًى يَحْتَمِلُ هَذِهِ الْمَشَقَّةَ وَ لَيْسَ بِذِي رَوِيَّةٍ وَ لَا تَفَكُّرٍ
Then the travelling bird comes in the air and sits upon its egg preparing it for a week, and some of them for two weeks, and some of them for three weeks until the chick hatches from the egg. Then it turns towards it and opens (its throat) for the wind to widen its throat for the food intake. Then it raises it and feeds it with what it can live with. So, who encumbered it that it should hold the food and bring it out after it had settled in his throat, and feed its chick with it? And for which meaning does it bear these difficulties and it isn’t with acumen nor any thinking?
وَ لَا يَأْمُلُ فِي فِرَاخِهِ مَا يَأْمُلُ الْإِنْسَانُ فِي وَلَدِهِ مِنَ الْعِزِّ وَ الرَّفْدِ وَ بَقَاءِ الذِّكْرِ فَهَذَا هُوَ فِعْلٌ يَشْهَدُ بِأَنَّهُ مَعْطُوفٌ عَلَى فِرَاخِهِ لِعِلَّةٍ لَا يَعْرِفُهَا وَ لَا يُفَكِّرُ فِيهَا وَ هِيَ دَوَامُ النَّسْلِ وَ بَقَاؤُهُ لُطْفاً مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى ذِكْرُهُ
And it does not hope in its chick what the human being hopes for in his children from the honour and the help, and remaining of the male? This, it is a deed testifying that it is king upon its chick, perhaps it does not recognise it nor does it think regarding it, and it is a perpetuation (propagation) of the lineage and its remaining, a kindness from Allah-azwj, Exalted is His-azwj Mention.
انْظُرْ إِلَى الدَّجَاجَةِ كَيْفَ تُهَيَّجُ لِحِضْنِ الْبَيْضِ وَ التَّفْرِيخِ وَ لَيْسَ لَهَا بَيْضٌ مُجْتَمَعٌ وَ لَا وَكْرٌ مُوَطَّأٌ بَلْ تَنْبَعِثُ وَ تَنْتَفِخُ وَ تُقَوْقِي وَ تَمْتَنِعُ مِنَ الطُّعْمِ حَتَّى يُجْمَعَ لَهَا الْبَيْضُ فَتَحْضُنُهُ وَ تُفْرِخُ فَلِمَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهَا إِلَّا لِإِقَامَةِ النَّسْلِ وَ مَنْ أَخَذَهَا بِإِقَامَةِ النَّسْلِ وَ لَا رَوِيَّةَ وَ لَا تَفَكُّرَ لَوْ لَا أَنَّهَا مَجْبُولَةٌ عَلَى ذَلِكَ
Look at the chicken, how it gets excited for the incubation of the egg and the hatching, gathering of eggs for it or a nest as a home, but it emits, and swells, and clenches and refrains from the food until the eggs are gathered for it, so it incubates and hatches. So, why was that from it except for the establishment of the lineage? And who took it with establishing the lineage, and there is neither any acumen nor any thinking, if it had not been a natural propensity (inclination) upon that?
اعْتَبِرْ بِخَلْقِ الْبَيْضَةِ وَ مَا فِيهَا مِنَ الْمُحِّ الْأَصْفَرِ الْخَاثِرِ وَ الْمَاءِ الْأَبْيَضِ الرَّقِيقِ فَبَعْضُهُ لِيَنْتَشِرَ مِنْهُ الْفَرْخُ وَ بَعْضُهُ لِيُغَذَّى بِهِ إِلَى أَنْ تَنْقَابَ عَنْهُ الْبَيْضَةُ وَ مَا فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ التَّدْبِيرِ فَإِنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ نُشُوءُ الْفَرْخِ فِي تِلْكَ الْقِشْرَةِ الْمُسْتَحْصَنَةِ الَّتِي لَا مَسَاغَ لِشَيْءٍ إِلَيْهَا لَجُعِلَ مَعَهُ فِي جَوْفِهَا مِنَ الْغِذَاءِ مَا يَكْتَفِي بِهِ إِلَى وَقْتِ خُرُوجِهِ مِنْهَا كَمَنْ يُحْبَسُ فِي حَبْسٍ حَصِينٍ لَا يُوصَلُ إِلَى مَنْ فِيهِ فَيُجْعَلُ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْقُوتِ مَا يَكْتَفِي بِهِ إِلَى وَقْتِ خُرُوجِهِ مِنْهُ
Consider the creation of the egg and what is therein from the yellow coagulated yolk, and the thin while water. Part of it, the chick would come from it, and part of it would feed with it, until the egg is broken from it, and what is therein from the arrangement. If the chick had been born in that fortified crust which nothing can reach to it, it is made to be with it in its inside from the feed what it could be sufficed with until the time of its exit from it, like the one who is withheld in a fortified prison, no one can arrive to him in it, so it is made to be with him, from the feed, what he could be sufficed with up to the time of his exit from it.
فَكِّرْ فِي حَوْصَلَةِ الطَّائِرِ وَ مَا قُدِّرَ لَهُ فَإِنَّ مَسْلَكَ الطُّعْمِ إِلَى الْقَانِصَةِ ضَيِّقٌ لَا يَنْفُذُ فِيهِ الطَّعَامُ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا قَلِيلًا فَلَوْ كَانَ الطَّائِرُ لَا يَلْقُطُ حَبَّةً ثَانِيَةً حَتَّى تَصِلَ الْأُولَى إِلَى الْقَانِصَةِ لَطَالَ عَلَيْهِ وَ مَتَى كَانَ يَسْتَوْفِي طُعْمَهُ فَإِنَّمَا يَخْتَلِسُهُ اخْتِلَاساً لِشِدَّةِ الْحَذَرِ
Think regarding the crop (food collection pouch) of the bird and what is determined for it, for the course of the food to its stomach is narrow, the food cannot go through it except little by little. So, if the bird cannot swallow a second seed until the first one arrives to its stomach, it would be prolonged upon it, and when would it finish its meal? So, rather, the misappropriation confuses it due to the severity of the caution.
فَجُعِلَتِ الْحَوْصَلَةُ كَالْمِخْلَاةِ الْمُعَلَّقَةِ أَمَامَهُ لِيُوعِيَ فِيهَا مَا أَدْرَكَ مِنَ الطُّعْمِ بِسُرْعَةٍ ثُمَّ تُنْفِذُهُ إِلَى الْقَانِصَةِ عَلَى مَهْلٍ وَ فِي الْحَوْصَلَةِ أَيْضاً خَلَّةٌ أُخْرَى فَإِنَّ مِنَ الطَّائِرِ مَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى أَنْ يَزُقَّ فِرَاخَهُ فَيَكُونُ رَدُّهُ لِلطُّعْمِ مِنْ قُرْبٍ أَسْهَلَ عَلَيْهِ
The crop has been Made to be like the temporary storage for undigested (feed) in order to store in it whatever it gets from the food quickly, then move it to the stomach upon an opportunity. And in the crop as well there is another behaviour, for, from the birds is one which is needy to feed it’s chick, so its return to the feed from nearby would be easy upon it.
قَالَ الْمُفَضَّلُ فَقُلْتُ يَا مَوْلَايَ إِنَّ قَوْماً مِنَ الْمُعَطِّلَةِ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ اخْتِلَافَ الْأَلْوَانِ وَ الْأَشْكَالِ فِي الطَّيْرِ إِنَّمَا يَكُونُ مِنْ قِبَلِ امْتِزَاجِ الْأَخْلَاطِ وَ اخْتِلَافِ مَقَادِيرِهَا بِالْمَرَجِ وَ الْإِهْمَالِ
Al-Mufazzal said, ‘I said, ‘O my Master-asws! There are a people from the philosophers are alleging that the variation of the colours and the faces in the bird are, rather existing from before a mixture of inter-mingling and different pastures of theirs, and the chaos.
فَقَالَ يَا مُفَضَّلُ هَذَا الْوَشْيُ الَّذِي تَرَاهُ فِي الطَّوَاوِيسِ وَ الدُّرَّاجِ وَ التَّدَارِجِ عَلَى اسْتِوَاءٍ وَ مُقَابَلَةٍ كَنَحْوِ مَا يَخُطُّ بِالْأَقْلَامِ كَيْفَ يَأْتِي بِهِ الِامْتِزَاجُ الْمُهْمَلُ عَلَى شَكْلٍ وَاحِدٍ لَا يَخْتَلِفُ وَ لَوْ كَانَ بِالْإِهْمَالِ لَعَدِمَ الِاسْتِوَاءَ وَ لَكَانَ مُخْتَلِفاً
He-asws said: ‘O Mufazzal! This decoration which you see in the peacock, and the pheasant, and the parrots are upon the same and parallel, like what is written with the pens, how it comes with the mixture borne upon one face, not different? And if it was with the chaos, the sameness would not be there, but it would be different.
تَأَمَّلْ رِيشَ الطَّيْرِ كَيْفَ هُوَ فَإِنَّكَ تَرَاهُ مَنْسُوجاً كَنَسْجِ الثَّوْبِ مِنْ سُلُوكٍ دِقَاقٍ قَدْ أُلِّفَ بَعْضُهُ إِلَى بَعْضٍ كَتَأْلِيفِ الْخَيْطِ إِلَى الْخَيْطِ وَ الشَّعْرَةِ إِلَى الشَّعْرَةِ ثُمَّ تَرَى ذَلِكَ النَّسْجَ إِذَا مَدَدْتَهُ يَنْفَتِحُ قَلِيلًا وَ لَا يَنْشَقُّ لِتُدَاخِلَهُ الرِّيحُ فَيَقِلَّ الطَّائِرُ إِذَا طَارَ
Contemplate a feather of the bird, how it is, and you will see it inter-woven like the weaving of the cloth from thin thread interlaced upon each other, like a composition of the thread to the thread, and the hair to the hair. Then, you see that weaving, if it is extended, it opens up a little but it does not go apart for the wind to enter, so the bird would drop off when it (nest) flies.
وَ تَرَى فِي وَسَطِ الرِّيشَةِ عَمُوداً غَلِيظاً مَتِيناً قَدْ نُسِجَ عَلَيْهِ الَّذِي هُوَ مِثْلُ الشَّعْرِ لِيُمْسِكَهُ بِصَلَابَتِهِ وَ هُوَ الْقَصَبَةُ الَّتِي هُوَ فِي وَسَطِ الرِّيشَةِ وَ هُوَ مَعَ ذَلِكَ أَجْوَفُ لِيَخِفَّ عَلَى الطَّائِرِ وَ لَا يَعُوقَهُ عَنِ الطَّيَرَانِ
And you see in the middle of the feather, a heavy, solid column which has been woven upon by that which is like the hair to withhold it by its hardness, and it is the reed which is in the middle of the feather, and it, along with that, is hollow for it to be light upon the bird, and not hinder it from the flying.
هَلْ رَأَيْتَ يَا مُفَضَّلُ هَذَا الطَّائِرَ الطَّوِيلَ السَّاقَيْنِ وَ عَرَفْتَ مَا لَهُ مِنَ الْمَنْفَعَةِ فِي طُولِ سَاقَيْهِ فَإِنَّهُ أَكْثَرُ ذَلِكَ فِي ضَحْضَاحٍ مِنَ الْمَاءِ فَتَرَاهُ بِسَاقَيْنِ طَوِيلَيْنِ كَأَنَّهُ رَبِيئَةٌ فَوْقَ مَرْقَبٍ وَ هُوَ يَتَأَمَّلُ مَا يَدِبُّ فِي الْمَاءِ
Have you seen, O Mufazzal, this bird with long legs? And you will understand what is for it from the benefits in having long legs, for most of the time it is in shallow water, and you see it with long legs as if it is a guard above a watchtower, and it is contemplating what is crawling in the water.
فَإِذَا رَأَى شَيْئاً مِمَّا يَتَقَوَّتُ بِهِ خَطَا خُطُوَاتٍ رَقِيقاً حَتَّى يَتَنَاوَلَهُ وَ لَوْ كَانَ قَصِيرَ السَّاقَيْنِ وَ كَانَ يَخْطُو نَحْوَ الصَّيْدِ لِيَأْخُذَهُ يُصِيبُ بَطْنُهُ الْمَاءَ فَيَثُورُ وَ يُذْعَرُ مِنْهُ فَيَتَفَرَّقُ عَنْهُ فَخُلِقَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ الْعَمُودَانِ لِيُدْرِكَ بِهِمَا حَاجَتَهُ وَ لَا يَفْسُدَ عَلَيْهِ مَطْلَبُهُ
When it sees something from what it anticipates with it gradually, with delicate steps until it catches it. And had it been of short legs, and stepped near to the prey in order to seize it, its belly would have hit the water and it would have rippled and shook from it. Therefore, those pillars (long legs) have been Created for it, to achieve its needs by them and its aim would not be spoilt upon it.
تَأَمَّلْ ضُرُوبَ التَّدْبِيرِ فِي خَلْقِ الطَّائِرِ فَإِنَّكَ تَجِدُ كُلَّ طَائِرٍ طَوِيلِ السَّاقَيْنِ طَوِيلَ الْعُنُقِ وَ ذَلِكَ لِيَتَمَكَّنَ مِنْ تَنَاوُلِ طُعْمِهِ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ وَ لَوْ كَانَ طَوِيلَ السَّاقَيْنِ قَصِيرَ الْعُنُقِ لَمَا اسْتَطَاعَ أَنْ يَتَنَاوَلَ شَيْئاً مِنَ الْأَرْضِ وَ رُبَّمَا أُعِينَ مَعَ طُولِ الْعُنُقِ بِطُولِ الْمَنَاقِيرِ لِيَزْدَادَ الْأَمْرُ عَلَيْهِ سُهُولَةً لَهُ وَ إِمْكَاناً أَ فَلَا تَرَى أَنَّكَ لَا تُفَتِّشُ شَيْئاً مِنَ الْخِلْقَةِ إِلَّا وَجَدْتَهُ عَلَى غَايَةِ الصَّوَابِ وَ الْحِكْمَةِ
Contemplate the variety of arrangements in the creation of the bird, and you will find every bird with long legs being with the long neck, and that is to enable it to attain its food from the ground, and if the legs were long and a short neck, it would not have been able to attain anything from the ground. And sometimes it is assisted with the long neck by the long beak, in order to increase the matter of ease upon it, and enablement. Do you not see it? Dont you investigate anything from the creation? And you would have it upon a peak of correctness and the Wisdom?
انْظُرْ إِلَى الْعَصَافِيرِ كَيْفَ تَطْلُبُ أُكُلَهَا بِالنَّهَارِ فَهِيَ لَا تَفْقِدُهُ وَ لَا هِيَ تَجِدُهُ مَجْمُوعاً مُعَدّاً بَلْ تَنَالُهُ بِالْحَرَكَةِ وَ الطَّلَبِ وَ كَذَلِكَ الْخَلْقُ كُلُّهُ فَسُبْحَانَ مَنْ قَدَّرَ الرِّزْقَ كَيْفَ قَوَّتَهُ
Look at the sparrow how it seeks its meal by the day and it does not lose it? And it does not find it gathered deliberately, but it attains it by the movement and the seeking. And, similar to that is the whole of creation. Glorious is the One-azwj Who Determined the sustenance, how is His-azwj Strength?
فَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ مِمَّا لَا يُقْدَرُ عَلَيْهِ إِذْ جَعَلَ لِلْخَلْقِ حَاجَةً إِلَيْهِ وَ لَمْ يَجْعَلْهُ مَبْذُولًا وَ يُنَالُ بِالْهُوَيْنَا إِذْ كَانَ لَا صَلَاحَ فِي ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ يُوجَدُ مَجْمُوعاً مُعَدّاً كَانَتِ الْبَهَائِمُ تَتَقَلَّبُ عَلَيْهِ وَ لَا تَنْقَلِعُ حَتَّى تَبْشَمَ فَتَهْلِكَ
He-azwj has not Made, from what He-azwj has not Determined upon it, When He-azwj Made for the people, a need to it, and did not Made it a waste, and it can be attained with ease, what if there was no interest in that. If it had count (food) gathered, prepared, the animals would have fluctuated upon it, and not moved (from it) until they slept, and be destroyed.
وَ كَانَ النَّاسُ أَيْضاً يَصِيرُونَ بِالْفَرَاغِ إِلَى غَايَةِ الْأَشَرِ وَ الْبَطَرِ حَتَّى يَكْثُرَ الْفَسَادُ وَ يَظْهَرَ الْفَوَاحِشُ أَ عَلِمْتَ مَا طُعْمُ هَذِهِ الْأَصْنَافِ مِنَ الطَّيْرِ الَّتِي لَا تَخْرُجُ إِلَّا بِاللَّيْلِ كَمِثْلِ الْبُومِ وَ الْهَامِ وَ الْخُفَّاشِ
And the people as well, being with the free time, are coming to the peak of evil and the wicked until the corruption abound and the immoralities appear. Didn’t I-asws let you know what food there is for these types from the birds which do not come out except at night, like the owl, and the masked owl, and the bat?’
قُلْتُ لَا يَا مَوْلَايَ
I said, ‘No, my Master-asws!’
قَالَ إِنَّ مَعَاشَهَا مِنْ ضُرُوبٍ تَنْتَشِرُ فِي هَذَا الْجَوِّ مِنَ الْبَعُوضِ وَ الْفَرَاشِ وَ أَشْبَاهِ الْجَرَادِ وَ الْيَعَاسِيبِ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الضُّرُوبَ مَبْثُوثَةٌ فِي الْجَوِّ لَا يَخْلُو مِنْهَا مَوْضِعٌ وَ اعْتَبِرْ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّكَ إِذَا وَضَعْتَ سِرَاجاً بِاللَّيْلِ فِي سَطْحٍ أَوْ عَرْصَةِ دَارٍ اجْتَمَعَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ هَذَا شَيْءٌ كَثِيرٌ فَمِنْ أَيْنَ يَأْتِي ذَلِكَ كُلُّهُ إِلَّا مِنَ الْقُرْبِ
He-asws said: ‘Their livelihood is from a variety scattered in the air, from the mosquitoes, and the butterflies, and it’s like the grasshopper, and the dragonflies, and that is because these varieties are sent in the air and no place is empty from these. And consider that when you place a lantern at night or a roof, or a courtyard of a house, a lot of these would gather to it. From where do all of that come from, except from nearby?
فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ إِنَّهُ يَأْتِي مِنَ الصَّحَارِي وَ الْبَرَارِي قِيلَ لَهُ كَيْفَ يُوَافِي تِلْكَ السَّاعَةَ مِنْ مَوْضِعٍ بَعِيدٍ وَ كَيْفَ يُبْصِرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْبُعْدِ سِرَاجاً فِي دَارٍ مَحْفُوفَةٍ بِالدُّورِ فَيَقْصِدُ إِلَيْهِ
If a speaker says, ‘They come from the desert and the prairies’, it would be said to him, ‘How can they meet up at that very moment from a remote place? And how can they see a lantern in a house from that distance, perilous (dying for) with the circling, so it aims to it?’
مَعَ أَنَّ هَذِهِ عِيَاناً تَتَهَافَتُ عَلَى السِّرَاجِ مِنْ قُرْبٍ فَيَدُلُّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّهَا مُنْتَشِرَةٌ فِي كُلِّ مَوْضِعٍ مِنَ الْجَوِّ فَهَذِهِ الْأَصْنَافُ مِنَ الطَّيْرِ تَلْتَمِسُهَا إِذَا خَرَجَتْ فَتَتَقَوَّتُ بِهَا فَانْظُرْ كَيْفَ وُجِّهَ الرِّزْقُ لِهَذِهِ الطُّيُورِ الَّتِي لَا تَخْرُجُ إِلَّا بِاللَّيْلِ مِنْ هَذِهِ الضُّرُوبِ الْمُنْتَشِرَةِ فِي الْجَوِّ وَ اعْرِفْ مَعَ ذَلِكَ الْمَعْنَى فِي خَلْقِ هَذِهِ الضُّرُوبِ الْمُنْتَشِرَةِ الَّتِي عَسَى أَنْ يَظُنَّ ظَانٌّ أَنَّهَا فَضْلٌ لَا مَعْنَى لَهُ
Along with that is that these can been seen altered to the lantern from nearby, so that evidence upon that these are scattered in every place from the air. These types of the birds seek them when they come out and live by it. Look at how is the aspect of the sustenance for these birds which do not come out except at night, from these varieties scattered in the air, and recognise along with that, the meaning in the creation of these scattered varieties which perhaps a thinker would think that it is an extra, there being no meaning for it.
خُلِقَ الْخُفَّاشُ خِلْقَةً عَجِيبَةً بَيْنَ خِلْقَةِ الطَّيْرِ وَ ذَوَاتِ الْأَرْبَعِ [بَلْ هُوَ إِلَى ذَوَاتِ الْأَرْبَعِ] أَقْرَبُ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ ذُو أُذُنَيْنِ نَاشِزَتَيْنِ وَ أَسْنَانٍ وَ وَبَرٍ وَ هُوَ يَلِدُ وِلَاداً وَ يَرْضِعُ وَ يَبُولُ وَ يَمْشِي إِذَا مَشَى عَلَى أَرْبَعٍ وَ كُلُّ هَذَا خِلَافُ صِفَةِ الطَّيْرِ ثُمَّ هُوَ أَيْضاً مِمَّا يَخْرُجُ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ يَتَقَوَّتُ مِمَّا يَسْرِي فِي الْجَوِّ مِنَ الْفَرَاشِ وَ مَا أَشْبَهَهُ
Creation of the bat is a wondrous creation between the birds, and with the four is closer, and that is because it is with two protruding ears, and teeth and furs, and it begets children, and breastfeeds, and urinates, and walks when it walks upon four. And all this is opposite to the attributes of the bird. Then it, as well, is from what comes out at night and feeds from what flies in the air, from the butterflies and what resembles it.
وَ قَدْ قَالَ قَائِلُونَ إِنَّهُ لَا طُعْمَ لِلْخُفَّاشِ وَ إِنَّ غِذَاءَهُ مِنَ النَّسِيمِ وَحْدَهُ وَ ذَلِكَ يَفْسُدُ وَ يَبْطُلُ مِنْ جِهَتَيْنِ إِحْدَاهُمَا خُرُوجُ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ مِنَ الثُّفْلِ وَ الْبَوْلِ فَإِنَّ هَذَا لَا يَكُونُ مِنْ غَيْرِ طُعْمٍ وَ الْأُخْرَى أَنَّهُ ذُو أَسْنَانٍ وَ لَوْ كَانَ لَا يَطْعَمُ شَيْئاً لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْأَسْنَانِ فِيهِ مَعْنًى وَ لَيْسَ فِي الْخِلْقَةِ شَيْءٌ لَا مَعْنَى لَهُ
And the speakers have said, ‘There is no food for the bat, and that its feed is from the gentle breeze alone’. And that is invalid and false from two aspects – one of that is the excretion what comes out from it from the excreta and the urine, and that cannot happen from without food; and the other is that it is with teeth, and if it was not eating anything, there would have been no meaning for the teeth in it, and there is nothing in the creation which has no meaning to it.
وَ أَمَّا الْمَآرِبُ فِيهِ فَمَعْرُوفَةٌ حَتَّى إِنَّ زِبْلَهُ يَدْخُلُ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَعْمَالِ وَ مِنْ أَعْظَمِ الْإِرْبِ فِيهِ خِلْقَتُهُ الْعَجِيبَةُ الدَّالَّةُ عَلَى قُدْرَةِ الْخَالِقِ جَلَّ شَأْنُهُ وَ تَصَرُّفِهَا فِيمَا شَاءَ كَيْفَ شَاءَ لِضَرْبٍ مِنَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ
And as for the purpose in it, it is well known to the extent that its droop entered into some of the treatments, and from the great purpose in it is that its wondrous creation evidences upon the Determination of the Creator, Majestic is His-azwj Glory, and His-azwj Utilisation in whatever He-azwj so Desires, howsoever He-azwj Desires from for a variety of interests.
فَأَمَّا الطَّائِرُ الصَّغِيرُ الَّذِي يُقَالُ لَهُ ابْنُ تُمَّرَةَ فَقَدْ عَشَّشَ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَوْقَاتِ فِي بَعْضِ الشَّجَرِ فَنَظَرَ إِلَى حَيَّةٍ عَظِيمَةٍ قَدْ أَقْبَلَتْ نَحْوَ عُشِّهِ فَاغِرَةً فَاهَا لِتَبْلَعَهُ فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ يَتَقَلَّبُ وَ يَضْطَرِبُ فِي طَلَبِ حِيلَةٍ مِنْهَا إِذَا وَجَدَ حَسَكَةً فَحَمَلَهَا فَأَلْقَاهَا فِي فَمِ الْحَيَّةِ فَلَمْ تَزَلِ الْحَيَّةُ تَلْتَوِي وَ تَتَقَلَّبُ حَتَّى مَاتَتْ أَ فَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ لَمْ أُخْبِرْكَ بِذَلِكَ كَانَ يَخْطُرُ بِبَالِكَ أَوْ بِبَالِ غَيْرِكَ أَنَّهُ يَكُونُ مِنْ حَسَكَةٍ مِثْلُ هَذِهِ الْمَنْفَعَةِ الْعَظِيمَةِ أَوْ يَكُونُ مِنْ طَائِرٍ صَغِيرٍ أَوْ كَبِيرٍ مِثْلُ هَذِهِ الْحِيلَةِ
As for the small bird which is called ‘Ibn Tamrat’ (Pipit). It lives in some of the times in some of the trees. Look at a great snake which has come around its nest and opened its mouth to devour it. While it turns around and is desperate in seeking a means from it, when it finds bones, so it carries it and throws it in the mouth of the snake, and the snake does not cease to twist and turn until it dies. Do you see that if I-asws had not informed you with that, it would have come in your mind or in someone else’s mid that it happens from the bone, a great benefit like this, or it happens from a small bird or a big one, the like of this ploy?
اعْتَبِرْ بِهَذَا وَ كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْأَشْيَاءِ تَكُونُ فِيهَا مَنَافِعُ لَا تُعْرَفُ إِلَّا بِحَادِثٍ يُحْدَثُ بِهِ أَوْ خَبَرٍ يُسْمَعُ بِهِ انْظُرْ إِلَى النَّحْلِ وَ احْتِشَادِهِ فِي صَنْعَةِ الْعَسَلِ وَ تَهْيِئَةِ الْبُيُوتِ الْمُسَدَّسَةِ وَ مَا تَرَى فِي ذَلِكَ اجْتِمَاعَهُ مِنْ دَقَائِقِ الْفِطْنَةِ فَإِنَّكَ إِذَا تَأَمَّلْتَ الْعَمَلَ رَأَيْتَهُ عَجِيباً لَطِيفاً وَ إِذَا رَأَيْتَ الْمَعْمُولَ وَجَدْتَهُ عَظِيماً شَرِيفاً مَوْقِعُهُ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَ إِذَا رَجَعْتَ إِلَى الْفَاعِلِ أَلْفَيْتَهُ غَبِيّاً جَاهِلًا بِنَفْسِهِ فَضْلًا عَمَّا سِوَى ذَلِكَ
Consider this and a lot of things happening to have benefits in these which you do not recognise except by an event occurring with it or a news you hear with it. Look at the bee and its confluence in making the honey, and the construction of the hexagonal homes, and what you see in that is its gathering from the miniscule cleverness. So, when you contemplate the work, you will see it as wondrous, subtle; and when you see the worker you will find it great, nobler than the people. And when you return to the doer, you will find him stupid, ignorant with himself, and more from besides that.
فَفِي هَذَا أَوْضَحُ الدَّلَالَةِ عَلَى أَنَّ الصَّوَابَ وَ الْحِكْمَةَ فِي هَذِهِ الصَّنْعَةِ لَيْسَ لِلنَّحْلِ بَلْ هِيَ لِلَّذِي طَبَعَهُ عَلَيْهَا وَ سَخَّرَهُ فِيهَا لِمَصْلَحَةِ النَّاسِ
In this, there is clear evidence upon that the correctness and the wisdom in this construction isn’t of the bee, but it is of the One-azwj Who Natured it upon this and Subdued it with regards to it for the interest of the people.
انْظُرْ إِلَى هَذَا الْجَرَادِ مَا أَضْعَفَهُ وَ أَقْوَاهُ فَإِنَّكَ إِذَا تَأَمَّلْتَ خَلْقَهُ رَأَيْتَهُ كَأَضْعَفِ الْأَشْيَاءِ وَ إِنْ دَلَفَتْ عَسَاكِرُهُ نَحْوَ بَلَدٍ مِنَ الْبُلْدَانِ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ أَحَدٌ أَنْ يَحْمِيَهُ مِنْهُ أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّ مَلِكاً مِنْ مُلُوكِ الْأَرْضِ لَوْ جَمَعَ خَيْلَهُ وَ رَجِلَهُ لِيَحْمِيَ بِلَادَهُ مِنَ الْجَرَادِ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ الدَّلَائِلِ عَلَى قُدْرَةِ الْخَالِقِ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ أَضْعَفَ خَلْقِهِ إِلَى أَقْوَى خَلْقِهِ فَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُ دَفْعَهُ
Look at this locust how weak it is and how strong (at the same time). When you contemplate its creation (body), you would see it like a weak thing, and if it advances its army to a city from the cities, no one is able to protect himself from it. Do you not see that a king from the kings of the earth, if he were to gather his cavalry and his infantry to protect his country from the locust, he would not be able upon that? Isn’t it from the evidence upon the Power of the Creator that He-azwj Sends the weakest of His-azwj creatures to the strongest of His-azwj creatures, but they are not able to repel it?
انْظُرْ إِلَيْهِ كَيْفَ يَنْسَابُ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ مِثْلَ السَّيْلِ فَيُغْشِي السَّهْلَ وَ الْجَبَلَ وَ الْبَدْوَ وَ الْحَضَرَ حَتَّى يَسْتُرَ نُورَ الشَّمْسِ بِكَثْرَتِهِ فَلَوْ كَانَ هَذَا مِمَّا يُصْنَعُ بِالْأَيْدِي مَتَى كَانَ يَجْتَمِعُ مِنْهُ هَذِهِ الْكَثْرَةُ وَ فِي كَمْ مِنْ سَنَةٍ كَانَ يَرْتَفِعُ فَاسْتَدِلَّ بِذَلِكَ عَلَى الْقُدْرَةِ الَّتِي لَا يَئُودُهَا شَيْءٌ وَ يُكْثِرُ عَلَيْهَا
Look at how its glides upon the surface of the earth like the flood, and it overwhelms the coast, and the mountain, and the valleys and the rural areas, until it veils the light of the sun due to their numbers. If this had been from what the hands make, when would this number of them gather, and in how many years would they arise. Thus, it evidences with that upon the Power of the One-azwj Who, is not assisted upon anything, and He-azwj Multiplies upon it.
تَأَمَّلْ خَلْقَ السَّمَكِ وَ مُشَاكَلَتَهُ لِلْأَمْرِ الَّذِي قُدِّرَ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّهُ خُلِقَ غَيْرَ ذِي قَوَائِمَ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى الْمَشْيِ إِذَا كَانَ مَسْكَنُهُ الْمَاءَ وَ خُلِقَ غَيْرَ ذِي رِيَةٍ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَتَنَفَّسَ وَ هُوَ مُنْغَمِسٌ فِي اللُّجَّةِ وَ جُعِلَتْ لَهُ مَكَانَ الْقَوَائِمَ أَجْنِحَةٌ شِدَادٌ يَضْرِبُ بِهَا فِي جَانِبَيْهِ كَمَا يَضْرِبُ الْمَلَّاحُ بِالْمَجَاذِيفِ مِنْ جَانِبَيِ السَّفِينَةِ وَ كُسِيَ جِسْمُهُ قُشُوراً مِتَاناً مُتَدَاخِلَةً كَتَدَاخُلِ الدُّرُوعِ وَ الْجَوَاشِنِ لِتَقِيَهُ مِنَ الْآفَاتِ
Contemplate of the creation of the fish and its similarities for the affairs which have been Determined to happen upon it, for it has been Created without legs because there is no need for it to walk when its dwelling is the water, and Created without aeration because it is not able to breathe while it is immersed in the depths of the sea. And there have been Made for it, in place of the legs, strong fins to strike with these by its side just as the sailor strikes with the paddles from the two sides of the ship. And its body is cladded with hard interlocking crusts like overlapping shields to protect it from the afflictions.
فَأُعِينَ بِفَضْلِ حِسٍّ فِي الشَّمِّ لِأَنَّ بَصَرَهُ ضَعِيفٌ وَ الْمَاءُ يَحْجُبُهُ فَصَارَ يَشَمُّ الطُّعْمَ مِنَ الْبُعْدِ الْبَعِيدِ فَيَنْتَجِعُهُ وَ إِلَّا فَكَيْفَ يَعْلَمُ بِهِ وَ بِمَوْضِعِهِ وَ اعْلَمْ أَنَّ مِنْ فِيهِ إِلَى صِمَاخَيْهِ مَنَافِذَ فَهُوَ يَعُبُّ الْمَاءَ بِفِيهِ وَ يُرْسِلُهُ مِنْ صِمَاخَيْهِ فَتَرَوَّحَ إِلَى ذَلِكَ كَمَا يَتَرَوَّحُ غَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْحَيَوَانِ إِلَى تَنَسُّمِ هَذَا النَّسِيمِ
Thus, it is assisted by the excellent sense of smell because its sight is weakened and the water veils it, so it comes smelling the food from a remote distance and seeks it, or else how would it know of its place? And know that from its mouth to its inner ear, there are outlets, and it takes in the water with its mouth and sends it out from its outlets, and it circulates to that just as the others from the animals circulate to a breeze, this gentle breeze.
فَكِّرِ الْآنَ فِي كَثْرَةِ نَسْلِهِ وَ مَا خُصَّ بِهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّكَ تَرَى فِي جَوْفِ السَّمَكَةِ الْوَاحِدَةِ مِنَ الْبَيْضِ مَا لَا يُحْصَى كَثْرَةً وَ الْعِلَّةُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَتَّسِعَ لِمَا يَغْتَذِي بِهِ مِنْ أَصْنَافِ الْحَيَوَانِ فَإِنَّ أَكْثَرَهَا يَأْكُلُ السَّمَكَ حَتَّى إِنَّ السِّبَاعَ أَيْضاً فِي حَافَاتِ الْآجَامِ عَاكِفَةٌ عَلَى الْمَاءِ أَيْضاً كَيْ تُرْصِدَ السَّمَكَ فَإِذَا مَرَّ بِهَا خَطِفَتْهُ
Think now regarding the abundance of its species and what it has been specialised with from that, and you will see in the inside of the one fish, the eggs which its numbers cannot be counted, and the reason regarding that is that there is capacity for the variety of the animal to feed from it, for most of it is eaten by the fish, to the extent that the predators as well in the edges of the depths engaging upon the water as well preying upon the fish, and when it passes by it, ravishes (overcomes) it.
فَلَمَّا كَانَتِ السِّبَاعُ تَأْكُلُ السَّمَكَ وَ الطَّيْرُ يَأْكُلُ السَّمَكَ وَ النَّاسُ يَأْكُلُونَ السَّمَكَ وَ السَّمَكُ يَأْكُلُ السَّمَكَ كَانَ مِنَ التَّدْبِيرِ فِيهِ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلَى مَا هُوَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْكَثْرَةِ
So, when the predators eat the fish, and the bird eat the fish, and the people are eating the fish, and the fish eat the fish, it was from the arrangement in it that these would happen to be upon an abundance.
فَإِذَا أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تَعْرِفَ سَعَةَ حِكْمَةِ الْخَالِقِ وَ قِصَرَ عِلْمِ الْمَخْلُوقِينَ فَانْظُرْ إِلَى مَا فِي الْبِحَارِ مِنْ ضُرُوبِ السَّمَكِ وَ دَوَابِّ الْمَاءِ وَ الْأَصْدَافِ وَ الْأَصْنَافِ الَّتِي لَا تُحْصَى وَ لَا تُعْرَفُ مَنَافِعُهَا إِلَّا الشَّيْءُ بَعْدَ الشَّيْءِ يُدْرِكُهُ النَّاسُ بِأَسْبَابٍ تُحْدَثُ مِثْلُ الْقِرْمِزِ
When you want to recognise the capacious Wisdom of the Creator and the deficient knowledge of the created beings, then look at that is in the seas from the variety of the fishes, and creatures of the sea and the shells, and the varieties which cannot be counted nor can its benefits be recognised except the thing after the thing, which the people realise by the causes of the occurrences, like the cochineal.
فَإِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا عَرَفَ النَّاسُ صِبْغَهُ بِأَنَّ كَلْبَةً تَجُولُ عَلَى شَاطِئِ الْبَحْرِ فَوَجَدَتْ شَيْئاً مِنَ الصِّنْفِ الَّذِي يُسَمَّى الْحَلَزُونَ فَأَكَلَتْهُ فَاخْتَضَبَ خَطْمُهَا بِدَمِهِ فَنَظَرَ النَّاسُ إِلَى حُسْنِهِ فَاتَّخَذُوهُ صِبْغاً وَ أَشْبَاهُ هَذَا مِمَّا يَقِفُ النَّاسُ عَلَيْهِ حَالًا بَعْدَ حَالٍ وَ زَمَاناً بَعْدَ زَمَانٍ
But rather the people recognised its colour by a dog wandering upon the beach of the sea, and it finds something from the type which is called a snail, so it ate it, and its nose was coloured by its blood. So, the people looked are its beauty and took it as a dye, and the likes of this from what the people pause upon, year after year, and era after an era’.
قَالَ الْمُفَضَّلُ حَانَ وَقْتُ الزَّوَالِ فَقَامَ مَوْلَايَ ع إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ وَ قَالَ بَكِّرْ إِلَيَّ غَداً إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى
Al-Mufazzal said, ‘The time for midday came, so my Master-asws arose to perform the Salat, and said: ‘Come to me-asws early tomorrow, if Allah-azwj the Exalted so Desires’.
فَانْصَرَفْتُ وَ قَدْ تُضَاعَفُ سُرُورِي بِمَا عَرَّفَنِيهِ مُبْتَهِجاً بِمَا مَنَحَنِيهِ حَامِداً لِلَّهِ عَلَى مَا آتَانِيهِ فَبِتُّ لَيْلَتِي مَسْرُوراً مُبْتَهِجاً
I left and my cheerfulness has doubled with what he-asws had made me understand, excited with what he-asws had inclined me towards, praising to Allah-azwj upon what I had been given, and I spent my night cheerful, happy’.
الْمَجْلِسُ الثَّالِثُ قَالَ الْمُفَضَّلُ فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْيَوْمُ الثَّالِثُ بَكَّرْتُ إِلَى مَوْلَايَ فَاسْتُوذِنَ لِي فَدَخَلْتُ فَأَذِنَ لِي بِالْجُلُوسِ فَجَلَسْتُ
The third sitting – Al-Mufazzal said, ‘When it was the third day, I went early morning to my Master-asws, and he-asws permitted for me and I entered, and he-asws permitted for me with the sitting, so I sat.
فَقَالَ ع الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي اصْطَفَانَا وَ لَمْ يَصْطَفِ عَلَيْنَا اصْطَفَانَا بِعِلْمِهِ وَ أَيَّدَنَا بِحِلْمِهِ مَنْ شَذَّ عَنَّا فَالنَّارُ مَأْوَاهُ وَ مَنْ تَفَيَّأَ بِظِلِّ دَوْحَتِنَا فَالْجَنَّةُ مَثْوَاهُ
He-asws said: ‘The Praise is for Allah-azwj Who Chose us-asws and did not Choose against us-asws. He-azwj Chose us-asws by His-azwj Knowledge, and Assisted us-asws by His-azwj Forbearance. One who turns against us-asws, so the Fire would be his abode, and one who suffices with the shade of our-asws tree (Family), the Paradise would be his resting place.
قَدْ شَرَحْتُ لَكَ يَا مُفَضَّلُ خَلْقَ الْإِنْسَانِ وَ مَا دُبِّرَ بِهِ وَ تَنَقُّلَهُ فِي أَحْوَالِهِ وَ مَا فِيهِ مِنَ الِاعْتِبَارِ وَ شَرَحْتُ لَكَ أَمْرَ الْحَيَوَانِ وَ أَنَا أَبْتَدِئُ الْآنَ بِذِكْرِ السَّمَاءِ وَ الشَّمْسِ وَ الْقَمَرِ وَ النُّجُومِ وَ الْفَلَكِ وَ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ وَ الْحَرِّ وَ الْبَرْدِ وَ الرِّيَاحِ وَ الْجَوَاهِرِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَرْضِ وَ الْمَاءِ وَ الْهَوَاءِ وَ النَّارِ وَ الْمَطَرِ وَ الصَّخْرِ وَ الْجِبَالِ وَ الطِّينِ وَ الْحِجَارَةِ وَ الْمَعَادِنِ وَ النَّبَاتِ وَ النَّخْلِ وَ الشَّجَرِ وَ مَا فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْأَدِلَّةِ وَ الْعِبَرِ
I-asws have expounded for you, O Mufazzal, the creation of the human being and what is arranged with him, and his transfer in his situation and what is therein from the lessons, and I-asws expounded for you the matter of the animals, and I-asws am beginning now with the mention of the sky, and the sun, and the moon, and the stars, and the orbits, and the night, and the day, and the heat, and the cold, and the winds, and the four seasons, the earth, and the water, and the air, and the fire, and the rain, and the rocks, and the mountains, and the clay, and the stones, and the mines, and the vegetation, and the palm trees, and the tree, and what is in that from the evidence and the lesson.
فَكِّرْ فِي لَوْنِ السَّمَاءِ وَ مَا فِيهِ مِنْ صَوَابِ التَّدْبِيرِ فَإِنَّ هَذَا اللَّوْنَ أَشَدُّ الْأَلْوَانِ مُوَافَقَةً لِلْبَصَرِ وَ تَقْوِيَةً حَتَّى إِنَّ مِنْ صِفَاتِ الْأَطِبَّاءِ لِمَنْ أَصَابَهُ شَيْءٌ أَضَرَّ بِبَصَرِهِ إِدْمَانَ النَّظَرِ إِلَى الْخُضْرَةِ وَ مَا قَرُبَ مِنْهَا إِلَى السَّوَادِ وَ قَدْ وَصَفَ الْحُذَّاقُ مِنْهُمْ لِمَنْ كَلَّ بَصَرُهُ الْإِطْلَاعَ فِي إِجَّانَةٍ خَضْرَاءَ مَمْلُوَّةٍ مَاءً
Think, regarding the colour of the sky and what is therein from the correctness of the arrangement, for if this colour is the most intense of the colours compatible with the sight and strength to the extent that from the qualities of the physicians to one who has been hit by something harmful for his sight, to habituate the looking at the green and whatever is closer from it to the black (dark green) to the extent that he would prescribe one to look with all his view into a green container filled with water.
فَانْظُرْ كَيْفَ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ وَ تَعَالَى أَدِيمَ السَّمَاءِ بِهَذَا اللَّوْنِ الْأَخْضَرِ إِلَى السَّوَادِ لِيُمْسِكَ الْأَبْصَارَ الْمُنْقَلِبَةَ عَلَيْهِ فَلَا يَنْكِيَ فِيهَا بِطُولِ مُبَاشَرَتِهَا لَهُ فَصَارَ هَذَا الَّذِي أَدْرَكَهُ النَّاسُ بِالْفِكْرِ وَ الرَّوِيَّةِ وَ التَّجَارِبِ يُوجَدُ مَفْرُوغاً مِنْهُ فِي الْخِلْقَةِ حِكْمَةٌ بالِغَةٌ لِيَعْتَبِرَ بِهَا الْمُعْتَبِرُونَ وَ يُفَكِّرَ فِيهَا الْمُلْحِدُونَ قاتَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ أَنَّى يُؤْفَكُونَ
Look at how Allah-azwj, Majestic and Exalted, has Made the lining of the sky in this green colour to the black, in order to hold the gaze turned towards it, and he does not give up in it with the prolonged looking at it. So, this has come by which the people realised with the thinking and the seeing, and the experimentation found, taken for granted from it regarding the creation, a conclusive Wisdom for the lesson learners to take lessons from it, and the atheists to think with regards to it, May Allah Fight them! How deluded they are [9:30].
فَكِّرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ فِي طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَ غُرُوبِهَا لِإِقَامَةِ دَوْلَتَيِ النَّهَارِ وَ اللَّيْلِ فَلَوْ لَا طُلُوعُهَا لَبَطَلَ أَمْرُ الْعَالَمِ كُلِّهِ فَلَمْ يَكُنِ النَّاسُ يَسْعَوْنَ فِي مَعَايِشِهِمْ وَ يَتَصَرَّفُونَ فِي أُمُورِهِمْ وَ الدُّنْيَا مُظْلِمَةٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ لَمْ يَكُونُوا يَتَهَنَّئُونَ بِالْعَيْشِ مَعَ فَقْدِهِمْ لَذَّةَ النُّورِ وَ رَوْحَهُ وَ الْإِرْبُ فِي طُلُوعِهَا ظَاهِرٌ مُسْتَغْنٍ بِظُهُورِهِ عَنِ الْإِطْنَابِ فِي ذِكْرِهِ وَ الزِّيَادَةِ فِي شَرْحِهِ
Think, O Mufazzal, regarding the rising of the sun and its setting for the establishment of the two states of the day and the night. Had it not been for its rising, the affairs of the world would have been invalidated and the people would not have strived in the livelihood and disperse regarding their affairs, and the world would have been dark upon them, and they would have been welcoming with the live along with losing their pleasure of the light and its cheerfulness. And the purpose in its rising is apparent. It is needless from exaggerating its mention and the increase in its explanation.
بَلْ تَأَمَّلِ الْمَنْفَعَةَ فِي غُرُوبِهَا فَلَوْ لَا غَرْبُهَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلنَّاسِ هَدْءٌ وَ لَا قَرَارٌ مَعَ عِظَمِ حَاجَتِهِمْ إِلَى الْهَدْءِ وَ الرَّاحَةِ لِسُكُونِ أَبْدَانِهِمْ وَ جُمُومِ حَوَاسِّهِمْ وَ انْبِعَاثِ الْقُوَّةِ الْهَاضِمَةِ لِهَضْمِ الطَّعَامِ وَ تَنْفِيذِ الْغِذَاءِ إِلَى الْأَعْضَاءِ ثُمَّ كَانَ الْحِرْصُ يَسْتَحْمِلُهُمْ مِنْ مُدَاوَمَةِ الْعَمَلِ وَ مُطَاوَلَتِهِ عَلَى مَا يَعْظُمُ نِكَايَتُهُ فِي أَبْدَانِهِمْ فَإِنَّ كَثِيراً مِنَ النَّاسِ لَوْ لَا جُثُومُ هَذَا اللَّيْلِ لِظُلْمَتِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ هَدْءٌ وَ لَا قَرَارٌ حِرْصاً عَلَى الْكَسْبِ وَ الْجَمْعِ وَ الِادِّخَارِ
But, contemplate on the benefits in its setting. If there did not happen to be for the people any calm or tranquillity along with a great need of theirs to the relaxation and the rest to settle their bodies, and resting of their senses, and recuperation of the strength of the digestion to digest the food, and implement the food to the body parts, then the greed would have carried them from the perpetual work and its prolongation upon what would magnify its complaint in their bodies, for a lot of people, if it hadn’t been for the squatting of the night of the darkness upon them, there would neither have been any calm nor tranquillity for them, being greedy upon the earning and amassing and hoarding.
ثُمَّ كَانَتِ الْأَرْضُ تَسْتَحْمِي بِدَوَامِ الشَّمْسِ بِضِيَائِهَا وَ تُحْمِي كُلَّ مَا عَلَيْهَا مِنْ حَيَوَانٍ وَ نَبَاتٍ فَقَدَّرَهَا اللَّهُ بِحِكْمَتِهِ وَ تَدْبِيرِهِ تَطْلُعُ وَقْتاً وَ تَغْرُبُ وَقْتاً بِمَنْزِلَةِ سِرَاجٍ يُرْفَعُ لِأَهْلِ الْبَيْتِ تَارَةً لِيَقْضُوا حَوَائِجَهُمْ ثُمَّ يَغِيبُ عَنْهُمْ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ لِيَهْدَءُوا وَ يَقِرُّوا فَصَارَ النُّورُ وَ الظُّلْمَةُ مَعَ تَضَادِّهِمَا مُنْقَادَيْنِ مُتَظَاهِرَيْنِ عَلَى مَا فِيهِ صَلَاحُ الْعَالَمِ وَ قِوَامُهُ
Then the earth would have heated up by the perpetual sunshine and heat up all what is upon it, from the animals, and vegetation. Therefore, Allah-azwj Determined it, by His-azwj Wisdom, and His-azwj Arrangement, to make it emerge at a time and set at a time, being at the status of a lamp sometimes raised for the people of the house for them to fulfil their needs, and it disappears from them like them, for them to calm down and acknowledge. So, the light and the darkness came to be with their opposite (qualities) Guided demonstrators upon with what is therein an interest of the world and its standing.
ثُمَّ فَكِّرْ بَعْدَ هَذَا فِي ارْتِفَاعِ الشَّمْسِ وَ انْحِطَاطِهَا لِإِقَامَةِ هَذِهِ الْأَزْمِنَةِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ مِنَ السَّنَةِ وَ مَا فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ التَّدْبِيرِ وَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ فَفِي الشِّتَاءِ تَعُودُ الْحَرَارَةُ فِي الشَّجَرِ وَ النَّبَاتِ فَيَتَوَلَّدُ فِيهِمَا مَوَادُّ الثِّمَارِ وَ يَسْتَكْثِفُ الْهَوَاءُ فَيَنْشَأُ مِنْهُ السَّحَابُ وَ الْمَطَرُ وَ تَشُدُّ أَبْدَانُ الْحَيَوَانِ وَ تَقْوَى
Then think after this, regarding the rising of the sun and its setting to establish these four times (seasons) of the year, and what is in that from the arrangement and the interest. In the winter, the heat acclimatises in the tree and the vegetation, and there are born fruit plants in these, and the air condenses and from it the clouds and the rains are raised, and the bodies of the animals are strengthened.
وَ فِي الرَّبِيعِ تَتَحَرَّكُ وَ تَظْهَرُ الْمَوَادُّ الْمُتَوَلِّدَةُ فِي الشِّتَاءِ فَيَطْلُعُ النَّبَاتُ وَ تَنَوَّرُ الْأَشْجَارُ وَ يَهِيجُ الْحَيَوَانُ لِلسِّفَادِ
And in the spring, the plants which were born in the winter stir and appear and the vegetation appears, and the trees radiate, and the animals get excited for the copulation.
وَ فِي الصَّيْفِ يَحْتَدِمُ الْهَوَاءُ فَتَنْضَجُ الثِّمَارُ وَ تَتَحَلَّلُ فُضُولُ الْأَبْدَانِ وَ يَجِفُّ وَجْهُ الْأَرْضِ فَتَهَيَّأُ لِلْبِنَاءِ وَ الْأَعْمَالِ
And in the summer, the air rages and the fruits ripen, and the excretion of the bodies disintegrates, and the surface of the earth dries up preparing for the construction and the work.
وَ فِي الْخَرِيفِ يَصْفُو الْهَوَاءُ وَ يَرْتَفِعُ الْأَمْرَاضُ وَ يَصِحُّ الْأَبْدَانُ وَ يَمْتَدُّ اللَّيْلُ فَيُمْكِنُ فِيهِ بَعْضُ الْأَعْمَالِ لِطُولِهِ وَ يَطِيبُ الْهَوَاءُ فِيهِ إِلَى مَصَالِحَ أُخْرَى لَوْ تَقَصَّيْتُ لِذِكْرِهَا لَطَالَ فِيهَا الْكَلَامُ
And in the autumn the air clears, and the diseases are raised, and the bodies are healthy, and the night is extended, and some of the works are enabled due to its length, and the air is good in it to other interest, if you were to search its mention, the speech would be prolonged regarding it.
فَكِّرِ الْآنَ فِي تَنَقُّلِ الشَّمْسِ فِي الْبُرُوجِ الِاثْنَيْ عَشَرَ لِإِقَامَةِ دَوْرِ السَّنَةِ وَ مَا فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ التَّدْبِيرِ فَهُوَ الدَّوْرُ الَّذِي تَصِحُّ بِهِ الْأَزْمِنَةُ الْأَرْبَعَةُ مِنَ السَّنَةِ الشِّتَاءُ وَ الرَّبِيعُ وَ الصَّيْفُ وَ الْخَرِيفُ وَ يَسْتَوْفِيهَا عَلَى التَّمَامِ وَ فِي هَذَا الْمِقْدَارِ مِنْ دَوَرَانِ الشَّمْسِ تُدْرِكُ
Think now regarding the transfer of the sun in the twelve constellations to establish the circle of the year, and what is in that from the arrangement, for it is the circle which the four times from the year are correct with it – the winter, and the spring, and the summer, and the autumn, and are fulfilled upon the perfection; and in that is the measurement from the rotation of the sun and the achievement of the yields and the fruits, and these to their peaks, then repeats to resume the development and growth.
الْغَلَّاتُ وَ الثِّمَارُ وَ تَنْتَهِي إِلَى غَايَاتِهَا ثُمَّ تَعُودُ فَيَسْتَأْنِفُ النُّشُوءُ وَ النُّمُوُّ أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّ السَّنَةَ مِقْدَارُ مَسِيرِ الشَّمْسِ مِنَ الْحَمَلِ إِلَى الْحَمَلِ فَبِالسَّنَةِ وَ أَخَوَاتِهَا يُكَالُ الزَّمَانُ مِنْ لَدُنْ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الْعَالَمَ إِلَى كُلِّ وَقْتٍ وَ عَصْرٍ مِنْ غَابِرِ الْأَيَّامِ وَ بِهَا يَحْسُبُ النَّاسُ الْأَعْمَالَ وَ الْأَوْقَاتَ الْمُوَقَّتَةَ لِلدُّيُونِ وَ الْإِجَارَاتِ وَ الْمُعَامَلَاتِ وَ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أُمُورِهِمْ وَ بِمَسِيرِ الشَّمْسِ يَكْمُلُ السَّنَةُ وَ يَقُومُ حِسَابُ الزَّمَانِ عَلَى الصِّحَّةِ انْظُرْ إِلَى شُرُوقِهَا عَلَى الْعَالَمِ كَيْفَ دُبِّرَ أَنْ يَكُونَ فَإِنَّهَا لَوْ كَانَتْ تَبْزُغُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَتَقِفُ لَا تَعْدُوهُ لَمَا وَصَلَ شُعَاعُهَا وَ مَنْفَعَتُهَا إِلَى كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْجِهَاتِ لِأَنَّ الْجِبَالَ وَ الْجُدْرَانَ كَانَتْ تَحْجُبُهَا عَنْهَا فَجُعِلَتْ تَطْلُعُ فِي أَوَّلِ النَّهَارِ مِنَ الْمَشْرِقِ فَتَشْرُقُ عَلَى مَا قَابَلَهَا مِنْ وَجْهِ الْمَغْرِبِ ثُمَّ لَا تَزَالُ تَدُورُ وَ تَمْشِي جِهَةً بَعْدَ جِهَةٍ حَتَّى تَنْتَهِيَ إِلَى الْمَغْرِبِ فَتَشْرُقَ عَلَى مَا اسْتَتَرَ عَنْهَا فِي أَوَّلِ النَّهَارِ فَلَا يَبْقَى مَوْضِعٌ مِنَ الْمَوَاضِعِ إِلَّا أَخَذَ بِقِسْطِهِ مِنَ الْمَنْفَعَةِ مِنْهَا وَ الْإِرْبِ الَّتِي قُدِّرَتْ لَهُ وَ لَوْ تَخَلَّفَتْ مِقْدَارَ عَامٍ أَوْ بَعْضَ عَامٍ كَيْفَ كَانَ يَكُونُ حَالُهُمْ بَلْ كَيْفَ كَانَ يَكُونُ لَهُمْ مَعَ ذَلِكَ بَقَاءٌ أَ فَلَا يَرَى النَّاسُ كَيْفَ هَذِهِ الْأُمُورُ الْجَلِيلَةُ الَّتِي لَمْ تَكُنْ عِنْدَهُمْ فِيهَا حِيلَةٌ فَصَارَ تَجْرِي عَلَى مَجَارِيهَا لَا تَعْتَلُّ وَ لَا تَتَخَلَّفُ عَنْ مَوَاقِيتِهَا لِصَلَاحِ الْعَالَمِ وَ مَا فِيهِ بَقَاؤُهُ اسْتَدِلَّ بِالْقَمَرِ فَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ جَلِيلَةٌ تَسْتَعْمِلُهَا الْعَامَّةُ فِي مَعْرِفَةِ الشُّهُورِ وَ لَا يَقُومُ عَلَيْهِ حِسَابُ السَّنَةِ لِأَنَّ دَوْرَهُ لَا يَسْتَوْفِي الْأَزْمِنَةَ الْأَرْبَعَةَ وَ نُشُوءَ الثِّمَارِ وَ تَصَرُّمَهَا وَ لِذَلِكَ صَارَتْ شُهُورُ الْقَمَرِ وَ سِنُوهُ تَتَخَلَّفُ عَنْ شُهُورِ الشَّمْسِ وَ سِنِيهَا وَ صَارَ الشَّهْرُ مِنْ شُهُورِ الْقَمَرِ يَنْتَقِلُ فَيَكُونُ مَرَّةً بِالشِّتَاءِ وَ مَرَّةً بِالصَّيْفِ فَكِّرْ فِي إِنَارَتِهِ فِي ظُلْمَةِ اللَّيْلِ وَ الْإِرْبِ فِي ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّهُ مَعَ الْحَاجَةِ إِلَى الظُّلْمَةِ لِهَدْءِ الْحَيَوَانِ وَ بَرْدِ الْهَوَاءِ عَلَى النَّبَاتِ لَمْ يَكُنْ صَلَاحٌ فِي أَنْ يَكُونَ اللَّيْلُ ظُلْمَةً دَاجِيَةً لَا ضِيَاءَ فِيهَا فَلَا يُمْكِنُ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْعَمَلِ لِأَنَّهُ رُبَّمَا احْتَاجَ النَّاسُ إِلَى الْعَمَلِ بِاللَّيْلِ لِضِيقِ الْوَقْتِ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي تَقَصِّي الْأَعْمَالِ بِالنَّهَارِ أَوْ لِشِدَّةِ الْحَرِّ وَ إِفْرَاطِهِ فَيَعْمَلُ فِي ضَوْءِ الْقَمَرِ أَعْمَالًا
Do you not see the year is measured by the sun from the (constellation) Aries to the Aries. So, by the year and its counterparts the times are weighed from the time Allah-azwj the Exalted Created the world to all times and periods from the bygone days, and by it the people account the deeds, and the timings timed for the debts, and the wages, and the dealings and other than that from their matters. And the course of the sun perfects the year and establishes the accounting of the times upon the correctness.
انْظُرْ إِلَى شُرُوقِهَا عَلَى الْعَالَمِ كَيْفَ دُبِّرَ أَنْ يَكُونَ فَإِنَّهَا لَوْ كَانَتْ تَبْزُغُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَتَقِفُ لَا تَعْدُوهُ لَمَا وَصَلَ شُعَاعُهَا وَ مَنْفَعَتُهَا إِلَى كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْجِهَاتِ لِأَنَّ الْجِبَالَ وَ الْجُدْرَانَ كَانَتْ تَحْجُبُهَا عَنْهَا فَجُعِلَتْ تَطْلُعُ فِي أَوَّلِ النَّهَارِ مِنَ الْمَشْرِقِ فَتَشْرُقُ عَلَى مَا قَابَلَهَا مِنْ وَجْهِ الْمَغْرِبِ ثُمَّ لَا تَزَالُ تَدُورُ وَ تَمْشِي جِهَةً بَعْدَ جِهَةٍ حَتَّى تَنْتَهِيَ إِلَى الْمَغْرِبِ فَتَشْرُقَ عَلَى مَا اسْتَتَرَ عَنْهَا فِي أَوَّلِ النَّهَارِ فَلَا يَبْقَى مَوْضِعٌ مِنَ الْمَوَاضِعِ إِلَّا أَخَذَ بِقِسْطِهِ مِنَ الْمَنْفَعَةِ مِنْهَا
Look at its rising upon the world, how it is regulation to happen, for it were to emerge in a particular place of the sky and it stops, not returning to what its rays have arrive to, and their benefits to a lot of the entities, because the mountains and the walls would be obstructing these (rays). Therefore, the emergence has been Made to be in the first part of the day from the east, and its shines upon what is in front of it from the face of the west, then it does not cease to circle and overwhelm an entity after an entity until it ends up to the west, so it shines upon what had been veiled from it in the beginning of the day. Thus, there does not remain any place from the places except it takes its instalment from the benefits from it.
وَ الْإِرْبِ الَّتِي قُدِّرَتْ لَهُ وَ لَوْ تَخَلَّفَتْ مِقْدَارَ عَامٍ أَوْ بَعْضَ عَامٍ كَيْفَ كَانَ يَكُونُ حَالُهُمْ بَلْ كَيْفَ كَانَ يَكُونُ لَهُمْ مَعَ ذَلِكَ بَقَاءٌ أَ فَلَا يَرَى النَّاسُ كَيْفَ هَذِهِ الْأُمُورُ الْجَلِيلَةُ الَّتِي لَمْ تَكُنْ عِنْدَهُمْ فِيهَا حِيلَةٌ فَصَارَ تَجْرِي عَلَى مَجَارِيهَا لَا تَعْتَلُّ وَ لَا تَتَخَلَّفُ عَنْ مَوَاقِيتِهَا لِصَلَاحِ الْعَالَمِ وَ مَا فِيهِ بَقَاؤُهُ
And the purpose which has been Determined for it, and if the measurement of the year or part of the year was to differ, how would their state come to be? But, how would it happen for them, along with that, any survival? Don’t the people see how these sublime affairs are for which there are no means with them regarding these? Thus, the flow upon its flows came to be not to be suspended, nor delayed from its timings for the interest of the world and what is therein in its survival.
اسْتَدِلَّ بِالْقَمَرِ فَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ جَلِيلَةٌ تَسْتَعْمِلُهَا الْعَامَّةُ فِي مَعْرِفَةِ الشُّهُورِ وَ لَا يَقُومُ عَلَيْهِ حِسَابُ السَّنَةِ لِأَنَّ دَوْرَهُ لَا يَسْتَوْفِي الْأَزْمِنَةَ الْأَرْبَعَةَ وَ نُشُوءَ الثِّمَارِ وَ تَصَرُّمَهَا وَ لِذَلِكَ صَارَتْ شُهُورُ الْقَمَرِ وَ سِنُوهُ تَتَخَلَّفُ عَنْ شُهُورِ الشَّمْسِ وَ سِنِيهَا وَ صَارَ الشَّهْرُ مِنْ شُهُورِ الْقَمَرِ يَنْتَقِلُ فَيَكُونُ مَرَّةً بِالشِّتَاءِ وَ مَرَّةً بِالصَّيْفِ
Deduce with the moon, for in it is sublime evidence which the general people are using in recognising the months, and the accounting of the year cannot stand upon it, because its rotation does not equate to the four seasons and emergence of the fruits and their ripening, and due to that the months came to be the moon (lunar), and its year is difference from the sun and its (solar) year, and the month from the lunar months came to be changing, so these happen to be with the winter at times, and at times with the summer.
فَكِّرْ فِي إِنَارَتِهِ فِي ظُلْمَةِ اللَّيْلِ وَ الْإِرْبِ فِي ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّهُ مَعَ الْحَاجَةِ إِلَى الظُّلْمَةِ لِهَدْءِ الْحَيَوَانِ وَ بَرْدِ الْهَوَاءِ عَلَى النَّبَاتِ لَمْ يَكُنْ صَلَاحٌ فِي أَنْ يَكُونَ اللَّيْلُ ظُلْمَةً دَاجِيَةً لَا ضِيَاءَ فِيهَا فَلَا يُمْكِنُ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْعَمَلِ لِأَنَّهُ رُبَّمَا احْتَاجَ النَّاسُ إِلَى الْعَمَلِ بِاللَّيْلِ لِضِيقِ الْوَقْتِ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي تَقَصِّي الْأَعْمَالِ بِالنَّهَارِ أَوْ لِشِدَّةِ الْحَرِّ وَ إِفْرَاطِهِ فَيَعْمَلُ فِي ضَوْءِ الْقَمَرِ أَعْمَالًا شَتَّى كَحَرْثِ الْأَرْضِ وَ ضَرْبِ اللَّبَنِ وَ قَطْعِ الْخَشَبِ وَ مَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ
Think regarding its radiating in the darkness of the night and the purpose in that, for it is with the need to the darkness to guide the animals and cool the air upon the vegetation. It is not correct in the night becoming completely dark, there being no illumination in it, so nothing from the work is enabled, because sometime the people are needy to the work at night due to the constriction of the time upon them to fulfil the deeds by the day, or due to the intensity of the heat and its excessiveness, so he works in the illumination of the moonlight, various works like ploughing the ground, and milking, and cutting the wood, and what resembles that.
فَجُعِلَ ضَوْءُ الْقَمَرِ مَعُونَةً لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى مَعَايِشِهِمْ إِذَا احْتَاجُوا إِلَى ذَلِكَ وَ أُنْساً لِلسَّائِرِينَ وَ جُعِلَ طُلُوعُهُ فِي بَعْضِ اللَّيْلِ دُونَ بَعْضٍ وَ نُقِصَ مَعَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ نُورِ الشَّمْسِ وَ ضِيَائِهَا لِكَيْلَا تَنْبَسِطَ النَّاسُ فِي الْعَمَلِ انْبِسَاطَهُمْ بِالنَّهَارِ وَ يَمْتَنِعُوا مِنَ الْهَدْءِ وَ الْقَرَارِ فَيُهْلِكَهُمْ ذَلِكَ وَ فِي تَصَرُّفِ الْقَمَرِ خَاصَّةً فِي مُهَلِّهِ وَ مُحَاقِهِ وَ زِيَادَتِهِ وَ نُقْصَانِهِ وَ كُسُوفِهِ مِنَ التَّنْبِيهِ عَلَى قُدْرَةِ اللَّهِ خَالِقِهِ الْمُصَرِّفِ لَهُ هَذَا التَّصْرِيفَ لِصَلَاحِ الْعَالَمِ مَا يَعْتَبِرُ بِهِ الْمُعْتَبِرُونَ
The illumination of the moon was Made as an assistance to the people upon their lives when they are needy to that, and a comfort for the walkers, and its ascent in some of the night besides some, and a reduction with that from the light of the sun and its illumination, lest the people spread in the word, their spreading by the day, and be prevented from the calm and the tranquillity, and that would destroy them. And in the behaviour of the moon especially in its crescent and its fullness, and its increase and its reduction, and its eclipse is an alertness upon the Power of Allah-azwj, its Creator, the behaviour of it with this behaviour is for the interest of the world, what the lesson learners take a lesson from.
فَكِّرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ فِي النُّجُومِ وَ اخْتِلَافِ مَسِيرِهَا فَبَعْضُهَا لَا تُفَارِقُ مَرَاكِزَهَا مِنَ الْفَلَكِ وَ لَا تَسِيرُ إِلَّا مُجْتَمِعَةً وَ بَعْضُهَا مُطْلَقَةٌ تَنْتَقِلُ فِي الْبُرُوجِ وَ تَفْتَرِقُ فِي مَسِيرِهَا فَكُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهَا يَسِيرُ سَيْرَيْنِ مُخْتَلِفَيْنِ أَحَدُهُمَا عَامٌّ مَعَ الْفَلَكِ نَحْوَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ الْآخَرُ خَاصٌّ لِنَفْسِهِ نَحْوَ الْمَشْرِقِ كَالنَّمْلَةِ الَّتِي تَدُورُ عَلَى الرَّحَى فَالرَّحَى تَدُورُ ذَاتَ الْيَمِينِ وَ النَّمْلَةُ تَدُورُ ذَاتَ الشِّمَالِ وَ النَّمْلَةُ فِي تِلْكَ تَتَحَرَّكُ حَرَكَتَيْنِ مُخْتَلِفَتَيْنِ إِحْدَاهُمَا بِنَفْسِهَا فَتَتَوَجَّهُ أَمَامَهَا وَ الْأُخْرَى مُسْتَكْرَهَةٌ مَعَ الرَّحَى تَجْذِبُهَا إِلَى خَلْفِهَا
Think, O Mufazzal, regarding the stars and the difference in their courses. Some of these do not separate from their place from the orbits not travels except together, and some of these are separately transferring in the constellation in their courses. Each one of these travel two difference courses – one of it is a year from the orbit around the west, and other especially for itself around the east, like the ant, which circles upon the hand-mill. So, the hand-mill turn clockwise and the ant travels counter-clockwise, and the ant, in that movement has two different movements – one of these is with itself, so it heads in front of it, and the other reclining with the hand-mill attracting it backwards.
فَاسْأَلِ الزَّاعِمِينَ أَنَّ النُّجُومَ صَارَتْ عَلَى مَا هِيَ عَلَيْهِ بِالْإِهْمَالِ مِنْ غَيْرِ عَمْدٍ وَ لَا صَانِعٍ لَهَا مَا مَنَعَهَا أَنْ تَكُونَ كُلُّهَا رَاتِبَةً أَوْ تَكُونَ كُلُّهَا مُنْتَقِلَةً فَإِنَّ الْإِهْمَالَ مَعْنًى وَاحِدٌ فَكَيْفَ صَارَ يَأْتِي بِحَرَكَتَيْنِ مُخْتَلِفَتَيْنِ عَلَى وَزْنٍ وَ تَقْدِيرٍ فَفِي هَذَا بَيَانُ أَنَّ مَسِيرَ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ عَلَى مَا يَسِيرَانِ عَلَيْهِ بِعَمْدٍ وَ تَدْبِيرٍ وَ حِكْمَةٍ وَ تَقْدِيرٍ وَ لَيْسَ بِإِهْمَالٍ كَمَا تَزْعُمُ الْمُعَطِّلَةُ
Ask the claimants, if the stars came to be what these are upon, by the chaos from without there being any deliberation nor a Maker for it, what is its meaning that all of it happens to be in rotation? Or all of it happens to be moving? If the meaning of chaos was one, then how did these come to be two different movements upon a weight and determination? In this is an explanation of the two courses upon what they are travelling with deliberation, and wisdom, and determination, and it isn’t with chaos just as the negators are alleging.
فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ وَ لِمَ صَارَ بَعْضُ النُّجُومِ رَاتِباً وَ بَعْضُهَا مُنْتَقِلًا
If a speaker says, ‘And why did some of the stars become rotating and some of them moving?’
قُلْنَا إِنَّهَا لَوْ كَانَتْ كُلُّهَا رَاتِبَةً لَبَطَلَتِ الدَّلَالاتُ الَّتِي يُسْتَدَلُّ بِهَا مِنْ تَنَقُّلِ الْمُنْتَقِلَةِ وَ مَسِيرِهَا فِي كُلِّ بُرْجٍ مِنَ الْبُرُوجِ كَمَا قَدْ يُسْتَدَلُّ عَلَى أَشْيَاءَ مِمَّا يُحْدَثُ فِي الْعَالَمِ بِتَنَقُّلِ الشَّمْسِ وَ النُّجُومِ فِي مَنَازِلِهَا
We-asws say: ‘If all of these had been in rotation it would have invalidated the evidences which can be evidenced with from the Mover of the movement and its course in every constellation from the constellations, just as it evidences upon the things from what occurs in the world by the movement of the sun and the stars in their places.
وَ لَوْ كَانَتْ كُلُّهَا مُنْتَقِلَةً لَمْ يَكُنْ لِمَسِيرِهَا مَنَازِلُ تُعْرَفُ وَ لَا رَسْمٌ يُوقَفُ عَلَيْهِ لِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يُوقَفُ بِمَسِيرِ الْمُنْتَقِلَةِ مِنْهَا بِتَنَقُّلِهَا فِي الْبُرُوجِ الرَّاتِبَةِ كَمَا يُسْتَدَلُّ عَلَى سَيْرِ السَّائِرِ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ بِالْمَنَازِلِ الَّتِي يَجْتَازُ عَلَيْهَا وَ لَوْ كَانَ تَنَقُّلُهَا بِحَالٍ وَاحِدَةٍ لَاخْتَلَطَ نِظَامُهَا وَ بَطَلَتِ الْمَآرِبُ فِيهَا وَ لَسَاغَ لِقَائِلٍ أَنْ يَقُولَ إِنَّ كَيْنُونَتَهَا عَلَى حَالٍ وَاحِدَةٍ تُوجِبُ عَلَيْهَا الْإِهْمَالَ مِنَ الْجِهَةِ الَّتِي وَصَفْنَا فَفِي اخْتِلَافِ سَيْرِهَا وَ تَصَرُّفِهَا وَ مَا فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْمَآرِبِ وَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ أَبْيَنُ دَلِيلٍ عَلَى الْعَمْدِ وَ التَّدْبِيرِ فِيهَا
And if all of these had been moving, there would not have been any places in its course which could be recognised nor a mark to stop upon, because it would stop in a course of the movement from it by its movement in the constellation rotating, just as it would evidence upon the course of the rest upon the earth by station which traverses upon it. And if had been moving with ones state its system not mixing, it would invalidate the purpose in it, and it would be allowed for a speaker that he should be saying, ‘Its being upon one state obligates the chaos upon it’, from the aspect which we-asws described and in the difference in its courses and its behaviour and what is in that from the purpose and the interest, clear evidence upon the deliberation and the arrangement in it.
فَكِّرْ فِي هَذِهِ النُّجُومِ الَّتِي تَظْهَرُ فِي بَعْضِ السَّنَةِ وَ تَحْتَجِبُ فِي بَعْضِهَا كَمِثْلِ الثُّرَيَّا وَ الْجَوْزَاءِ وَ الشِّعْرَيَيْنِ وَ سُهَيْلٍ فَإِنَّهَا لَوْ كَانَتْ بِأَسْرِهَا تَظْهَرُ فِي وَقْتٍ وَاحِدٍ لَمْ تَكُنْ لِوَاحِدٍ فِيهَا عَلَى حِيَالِهِ دَلَالاتٌ يَعْرِفُهَا النَّاسُ وَ يَهْتَدُونَ بِهَا لِبَعْضِ أُمُورِهِمْ كَمَعْرِفَتِهِمُ الْآنَ بِمَا يَكُونُ مِنْ طُلُوعِ الثَّوْرِ وَ الْجَوْزَاءِ إِذَا طَلَعَتْ وَ احْتِجَابِهَا إِذَا احْتَجَبَتْ
Think regarding these stars which appear in part of the year and are hidden in part of it, like the Pleiades, and the Betelgeuse, and the ‘Al-Sha’rayn’ (The star emerging after Betelgeuse), and the Canopus, so these had been its prisoners, would have appeared in one time, it would not happen for one among these upon its state, any evidence the people could have recognised and be guided by these to some of their matters, like their recognising now with at what would happen from the emergence of the Taurus and the Betelgeuse when they emerge, and their hiding when they are hidden.
فَصَارَ ظُهُورُ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ وَ احْتِجَابُهُ فِي وَقْتٍ غَيْرِ وَقْتِ الْآخَرِ لِيَنْتَفِعَ النَّاسُ بِمَا يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهَا عَلَى حِدَتِهِ وَ كَمَا جُعِلَتِ الثُّرَيَّا وَ أَشْبَاهُهَا تَظْهَرُ حِيناً وَ تَحْجُبُ حِيناً لِضَرْبٍ مِنَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ كَذَلِكَ جُعِلَتْ بَنَاتُ النَّعْشِ ظَاهِرَةً لَا تَغِيبُ لِضَرْبٍ آخَرَ مِنَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ فَإِنَّهَا بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْأَعْلَامِ الَّتِي يَهْتَدِي بِهَا النَّاسُ فِي الْبَرِّ وَ الْبَحْرِ لِلطُّرُقِ الْمَجْهُولَةِ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهَا لَا تَغِيبُ وَ لَا تَتَوَارَى
Thus, the appearance of each one and its hiding in a time other than another time came to be of benefit to the people with what evidence upon it by each one from these upon its limit, and just as the Pleiades and the likes of it have been Made to appear for a while and be hidden for a while is for a variety of interests. Similar to that the daughters of Canopus have been Made to be visible, not hiding, is for another variety of interests, for these are at the status of the world by which the people are guided with in the land, and the sea, and to the unknown roads, and that is because these are not hidden and do not get covered.
فَهُمْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيْهَا مَتَى أَرَادُوا أَنْ يَهْتَدُوا بِهَا إِلَى حَيْثُ شَاءُوا وَ صَارَ الْأَمْرَانِ جَمِيعاً عَلَى اخْتِلَافِهِمَا مُوَجَّهَيْنِ نَحْوَ الْإِرْبِ وَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ وَ فِيهِمَا مَآرِبُ أُخْرَى عَلَامَاتٌ وَ دَلَالاتٌ عَلَى أَوْقَاتٍ كَثِيرَةٍ مِنَ الْأَعْمَالِ كَالزِّرَاعَةِ وَ الْغِرَاسِ وَ السَّفَرِ فِي الْبَرِّ وَ الْبَحْرِ وَ أَشْيَاءَ مِمَّا يَحْدُثُ فِي الْأَزْمِنَةِ مِنَ الْأَمْطَارِ وَ الرِّيَاحِ وَ الْحَرِّ وَ الْبَرْدِ وَ بِهَا يَهْتَدِي السَّائِرُونَ فِي ظُلْمَةِ اللَّيْلِ لِقَطْعِ الْقِفَارِ الْمُوحِشَةِ وَ اللُّجَجِ الْهَائِلَةِ مَعَ مَا فِي تَرَدُّدِهَا فِي كَبِدِ السَّمَاءِ مُقْبِلَةً وَ مُدْبِرَةً وَ مُشْرِقَةً وَ مُغْرِبَةً مِنَ الْعِبَرِ فَإِنَّهَا تَسِيرُ أَسْرَعَ السَّيْرِ وَ أَحَثَّهُ
They are looking at it whenever they want to be guided with it to wherever they like, and the two matters together came to be upon their difference as two dipoles for the purpose and the interest. And in these two there is another purpose – Signs, and the evidences upon the many timing from the works like the cultivation, and the planting, and the travelling in the land and the sea, and things from what occurs in the times, from the rains, and the winds, and the heat, and the cold, and by it are guided the walkers in the darkness of the night to cut through the lonely desolate parts, and the demanding vastness, along with what is in its hesitation in the middle of the sky, frontwards, and backwards, and eastwards, and westwards from the crossing, for it is a course of the quickest travel and its familiar one.
أَ رَأَيْتَ لَوْ كَانَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَ الْقَمَرُ وَ النُّجُومُ بِالْقُرْبِ مِنَّا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَنَا سُرْعَةُ سَيْرِهَا بِكُنْهِ مَا هِيَ عَلَيْهِ أَ لَمْ تَكُنْ سَتَخْطَفُ الْأَبْصَارَ بِوَهْجِهَا وَ شُعَاعِهَا كَالَّذِي يَحْدُثُ أَحْيَاناً مِنَ الْبُرُوقِ إِذَا تَوَالَتْ وَ اضْطَرَمَتْ فِي الْجَوِّ وَ كَذَلِكَ أَيْضاً لَوْ أَنَّ أُنَاساً كَانُوا فِي قُبَّةٍ مُكَلَّلَةٍ بِمَصَابِيحَ تَدُورُ حَوْلَهُمْ دَوَرَاناً حَثِيثاً لَحَارَتْ أَبْصَارُهُمْ حَتَّى يَخِرُّوا لِوُجُوهِهِمْ
Do you see, if the sun and the moon and the stars were near to us until the quickness of their courses what these are upon were seen by us, wouldn’t the sights be snatched due to their brightness and radiance? Like that which occurs in your lifetime, from the lightning when it rolls out and flashes in the atmosphere. And similar to that as well, if the people were in an inside a dome covered with lights circling around them in rapid rotations, their sights would be dazzled until they would fall upon their faces.
فَانْظُرْ كَيْفَ قُدِّرَ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَسِيرُهَا فِي الْبُعْدِ الْبَعِيدِ لِكَيْلَا تَضُرَّ فِي الْأَبْصَارِ وَ تُنْكَأَ فِيهَا وَ بِأَسْرَعِ السُّرْعَةِ لِكَيْلَا تَتَخَلَّفَ عَنْ مِقْدَارِ الْحَاجَةِ فِي مَسِيرِهَا وَ جُعِلَ فِيهَا جُزْءٌ يَسِيرٌ مِنَ الضَّوْءِ لِيَسُدَّ مَسَدَّ الْأَضْوَاءِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ قَمَرٌ وَ يُمْكِنُ فِيهِ الْحَرَكَةُ إِذَا حَدَثَتْ ضَرُورَةٌ كَمَا قَدْ يَحْدُثُ الْحَادِثُ عَلَى الْمَرْءِ فَيَحْتَاجُ إِلَى التَّجَافِي فِي جَوْفِ اللَّيْلِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الضَّوْءِ يَهْتَدِي بِهِ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ أَنْ يَبْرَحَ مَكَانَهُ
Look at how it has been Determined that their courses happen in the far distance lest it harms the sights and the effects of it, and as fast as possible lest there is a variation of the need it is course, and there has been Made to be in these a small part of the light to fill the gap when there does not happen to be a moon, and enable the movement in it when a necessity occurs just as an event may occur for the person and he becomes needy to go in the middle of the night, and if there does not happen to be anything from the light to be guided with, he would not be able to go to a place.
فَتَأَمَّلْ اللُّطْفَ وَ الْحِكْمَةَ فِي هَذَا التَّقْدِيرِ حِينَ جُعِلَ لِلظُّلْمَةِ دَوْلَةٌ وَ مُدَّةٌ لِحَاجَةٍ إِلَيْهَا وَ جُعِلَ خِلَالَهَا شَيْءٌ مِنَ الضَّوْءِ لِلْمَآرِبِ الَّتِي وَصَفْنَا
Contemplate the subtleness and the Wisdom in this arrangement where there has been Made to be for the darkness, a state and a period to a need to it, and Made to be during it, something from the light for the purpose which we-asws described.
فَكِّرْ فِي هَذَا الْفَلَكِ بِشَمْسِهِ وَ قَمَرِهِ وَ نُجُومِهِ وَ بُرُوجِهِ تَدُورُ عَلَى الْعَالَمِ فِي هَذَا الدَّوَرَانِ الدَّائِمِ بِهَذَا التَّقْدِيرِ وَ الْوَزْنِ لِمَا فِي اخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ وَ هَذِهِ الْأَزْمَانِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْمُتَوَالِيَةِ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ وَ مَا عَلَيْهَا مِنْ أَصْنَافِ الْحَيَوَانِ وَ النَّبَاتِ مِنْ ضُرُوبِ الْمَصْلَحَةِ كَالَّذِي بَيَّنْتُ وَ شَخَّصْتُ لَكَ آنِفاً وَ هَلْ يَخْفَى عَلَى ذِي لُبٍّ أَنَّ هَذَا تَقْدِيرٌ مُقَدَّرٌ وَ صَوَابٌ وَ حِكْمَةٌ مِنْ مُقَدِّرٍ حَكِيمٍ
Think regarding this orbit with its sun, and its moon, and its stars, and its constellations orbiting upon the universe in these perpetual orbits, with this arrangement and mass to what is an alternation of the night and the day, and these four consecutive seasons upon the earth, and what is upon it from the types of animals and the various vegetation for the interest like that which I-asws explained especially for you just now, and is it hidden upon the one with understanding that this arrangement has a measurement, and correctness, and wisdom from a Determiner, Wise One-azwj?
فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ إِنَّ هَذَا شَيْءٌ اتَّفَقَ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَكَذَا فَمَا مَنَعَهُ أَنْ يَقُولَ مِثْلَ هَذَا فِي دُولَابٍ تَرَاهُ يَدُورُ وَ يَسْقِي حَدِيقَةً فِيهَا شَجَرٌ وَ نَبَاتٌ فَتَرَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ مِنْ آلَتِهِ مُقَدَّراً بَعْضُهُ يَلْقَى بَعْضاً عَلَى مَا فِيهِ صَلَاحُ تِلْكَ الْحَدِيقَةِ وَ مَا فِيهَا وَ بِمَ كَانَ يُثْبِتُ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ لَوْ قَالَهُ وَ مَا تَرَى النَّاسَ كَانُوا قَائِلِينَ لَهُ لَوْ سَمِعُوهُ مِنْهُ
If a speaker says, ‘This thing is co-incidental that it is happening like this’, so what prevents him the he should be saying the like of this in a cartwheel you see rotating and quenching a garden wherein are trees and vegetation? You see all things from a tool as measured, part of it meeting a part upon what therein is an interest for that garden and whatever is in it; and with what would he prove this word if he says it? And do you view that people would be saying to him if they hear from him.
أَ فَيُنْكِرُ أَنْ يَقُولَ فِي دُولَابِ خَشَبٍ مَصْنُوعٍ بِحِيلَةٍ قَصِيرَةٍ لِمَصْلَحَةِ قِطْعَةٍ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ بِلَا صَانِعٍ وَ مُقَدِّرٍ وَ يَقْدِرُ أَنْ يَقُولَ فِي هَذَا الدُّولَابِ الْأَعْظَمِ الْمَخْلُوقِ بِحِكْمَةٍ يَقْصُرُ عَنْهَا أَذْهَانُ الْبَشَرِ لِصَلَاحِ جَمِيعِ الْأَرْضِ وَ مَا عَلَيْهَا أَنَّهُ شَيْءٌ اتَّفَقَ أَنْ يَكُونَ بِلَا صَنْعَةٍ وَ لَا تَدْبِيرٍ لَوِ اعْتَلَّ هَذَا الْفَلَكُ كَمَا تَعْتَلُّ الْآلَاتُ الَّتِي تُتَّخَذُ لِلصِّنَاعَاتِ وَ غَيْرِهَا أَيُّ شَيْءٍ كَانَ عِنْدَ النَّاسِ مِنَ الْحِيلَةِ فِي إِصْلَاحِهِ
Is he denying to be saying regarding the wooden cartwheel as being manufactured by small mean in a piece of the earth, ‘It is without a maker and a measurement’, and he is able to be saying regarding this great cartwheel Created with Wisdom, the minds of the mortals are limited from it for the interest of the entire earth and what is upon it, ‘It is a co-incidental thing and that it is happening without a maker or an arrangement’. If this orbit were to be suspended just as the as the tools are taken from the making and other such, which thing would be with the people, from the means, regarding its betterment?
فَكِّرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ فِي مَقَادِيرِ النَّهَارِ وَ اللَّيْلِ كَيْفَ وَقَعَتْ عَلَى مَا فِيهِ صَلَاحُ هَذَا الْخَلْقِ فَصَارَ مُنْتَهَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا إِذَا امْتَدَّ إِلَى خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَاعَةً لَا يُجَاوِزُ ذَلِكَ أَ فَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ كَانَ النَّهَارُ يَكُونُ مِقْدَارُهُ مِائَةَ سَاعَةٍ أَوْ مِائَتَيْ سَاعَةٍ أَ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي ذَلِكَ بَوَارُ كُلِّ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ مِنْ حَيَوَانٍ وَ نَبَاتٍ
Think, O Mufazzal, regarding the measurements of the day and the night, how they occur upon what is therein an interest of this people, each one of them ends up, when it extends to fifteen hours, it does not exceed that. Do you see, if the measurement of the day was a hundred hours or two hundred hours, would there not happen to be a ruination in that of all what is in the earth, from animals and vegetation?
أَمَّا الْحَيَوَانُ فَكَانَ لَا يَهْدَأُ وَ لَا يَقِرُّ طُولَ هَذِهِ الْمُدَّةِ وَ لَا الْبَهَائِمُ كَانَتْ تُمْسِكُ عَنِ الرَّعْيِ لَوْ دَامَ لَهَا ضَوْءُ النَّهَارِ وَ لَا الْإِنْسَانُ كَانَ يَفْتُرُ عَنِ الْعَمَلِ وَ الْحَرَكَةِ وَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ سَيُهْلِكُهَا أَجْمَعَ وَ يُؤَدِّيهَا إِلَى التَّلَفِ وَ أَمَّا النَّبَاتُ فَكَانَ يَطُولُ عَلَيْهِ حَرُّ النَّهَارِ وَ وَهْجُ الشَّمْسِ حَتَّى يَجِفَّ وَ يَحْتَرِقَ
As for the animals, they would neither settle nor calm down for the prolonged duration, nor would beasts be withheld from the pastures if the light of the day was perpetual on them, nor would the human being stop the work and the movement; and that would destroy them all and lead to damage. And as for the vegetation, the heat of the day and the glare of the sun would be prolonged upon these until they would dry and burn up.
وَ كَذَلِكَ اللَّيْلُ لَوِ امْتَدَّ مِقْدَارُ هَذِهِ الْمُدَّةِ كَانَ يَعُوقُ أَصْنَافَ الْحَيَوَانِ عَنِ الْحَرَكَةِ وَ التَّصَرُّفِ فِي طَلَبِ الْمَعَاشِ حَتَّى تَمُوتَ جُوعاً وَ تَخْمُدُ الْحَرَارَةُ الطَّبِيعِيَّةُ مِنَ النَّبَاتِ حَتَّى يَعْفَنَ وَ يَفْسُدَ كَالَّذِي تَرَاهُ يَحْدُثُ عَلَى النَّبَاتِ إِذَا كَانَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ لَا تَطْلُعُ عَلَيْهِ الشَّمْسُ
And similar to that is the night, if it is extended by a measurement of this period, would hamper the types of animals from moving and dispersing in seeking the livelihood until they would die of hunger. And the natural heat would be extinguished from the vegetation until they would decompose and decay, like that which you see occurring upon the vegetation when it was in a place upon which the sun does not shine.
اعْتَبِرْ بِهَذِهِ الْحَرِّ وَ الْبَرْدِ كَيْفَ يَتَعَاوَرَانِ الْعَالَمَ وَ يَتَصَرَّفَانِ هَذَا التَّصَرُّفَ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ وَ النُّقْصَانِ وَ الِاعْتِدَالِ لِإِقَامَةِ هَذِهِ الْأَزْمِنَةِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ مِنَ السَّنَةِ وَ مَا فِيهِمَا مِنَ الْمَصَالِحِ ثُمَّ هُمَا بَعْدَ دِبَاغِ الْأَبْدَانِ الَّتِي عَلَيْهَا بَقَاؤُهُا وَ فِيهَا صَلَاحُهَا فَإِنَّهُ لَوْ لَا الْحَرُّ وَ الْبَرْدُ وَ تَدَاوُلُهُمَا الْأَبْدَانَ لَفَسَدَتْ وَ أَخْوَتْ وَ انْتَكَثَتْ
Consider how heat and cold cover the world, and they are both being utilised in this utilisation, from the increase and the decrease, and the moderation set up in these four seasons of the year, and what is in these from the interests. Then these two, after tanning the bodies upon which is their survival; and in it is its interest, for if there was no heat or cold and the circulation of the bodies, these would spoil and fall down and be neglected.
فَكِّرْ فِي دُخُولِ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَى الْآخَرِ بِهَذَا التَّدْرِيجِ وَ التَّرَسُّلِ فَإِنَّكَ تَرَى أَحَدَهُمَا يَنْقُصُ شَيْئاً بَعْدَ شَيْءٍ وَ الْآخَرَ يَزِيدُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَنْتَهِيَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مُنْتَهَاهُ فِي الزِّيَادَةِ وَ النُّقْصَانِ وَ لَوْ كَانَ دُخُولُ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَى مُفَاجَأَةً لَأَضَرَّ ذَلِكَ بِالْأَبْدَانِ وَ أَسْقَمَهَا كَمَا أَنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ لَوْ خَرَجَ مِنْ حَمَّامٍ حَارٍّ إِلَى مَوْضِعِ الْبُرُودَةِ لَضَرَّهُ ذَلِكَ وَ أَسْقَمَ
Think regarding of the entering of one upon the other with this arrangement and the gradualness, and you will see one of them reducing by something after something, and the other increasing the like of that until each one of them ends up to its end point in the increase and the reduction. And if the entry of one of them upon the other was sudden, that would harm the bodies and sicken them just as if one of you comes out from the bath heat to a cold place, that would be harmful and his body would become sick.
بَدَنَهُ فَلِمَ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ هَذَا التَّرَسُّلَ فِي الْحَرِّ وَ الْبَرْدِ إِلَّا لِلسَّلَامَةِ مِنْ ضَرَرِ الْمُفَاجَأَةِ وَ لِمَ جَرَى الْأَمْرُ عَلَى مَا فِيهِ السَّلَامَةُ مِنْ ضَرِّ الْمُفَاجَأَةِ لَوْ لَا التَّدْبِيرُ فِي ذَلِكَ
Why did Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Make this gradualness in the heat and the cold except for the safety from the harm of the suddenness? And why did the matter flow upon what wherein is the safety from harm of the suddenness, if there was no arrangement in that?
فَإِنْ زَعَمَ زَاعِمٌ أَنَّ هَذَا التَّرَسُّلَ فِي دُخُولِ الْحَرِّ وَ الْبَرْدِ إِنَّمَا يَكُونُ لِإِبْطَاءِ مَسِيرِ الشَّمْسِ فِي الِارْتِفَاعِ وَ الِانْحِطَاطِ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْعِلَّةِ فِي إِبْطَاءِ مَسِيرِ الشَّمْسِ فِي ارْتِفَاعِهَا وَ انْحِطَاطِهَا فَإِنِ اعْتَلَّ فِي الْإِبْطَاءِ بِبُعْدِ مَا بَيْنَ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْعِلَّةِ فِي ذَلِكَ فَلَا تَزَالُ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةُ تَرْقَى مَعَهُ إِلَى حَيْثُ رَقِيَ مِنْ هَذَا الْقَوْلِ حَتَّى اسْتَقَرَّ عَلَى الْعَمْدِ وَ التَّدْبِيرِ
If a claimer were to claim that this gradualness in the entry of the heat and the cold, rather happens to slow down the course of the sun in its rising, would be asked about the reason for the slowdown in the course of the sun in its rising and its declining. If there is a rise in the slow down with the remoteness of what is between the east and the west, would be asked about the reason regarding that. These questions would not cease to progress with it up to where there is preferable that this word, until it settles upon the deliberation and the arrangement.
لَوْ لَا الْحَرُّ لَمَا كَانَتِ الثِّمَارُ الْجَاسِيَةُ الْمُرَّةُ تَنْضَجُ فَتَلِينُ وَ تَعْذُبُ حَتَّى يُتَفَكَّهَ بِهَا رَطْبَةً وَ يَابِسَةً وَ لَوْ لَا الْبَرْدُ لَمَا كَانَ الزَّرْعُ يُفْرِخُ هَكَذَا وَ يَرِيعُ الرَّيْعَ الْكَثِيرَ الَّذِي يَتَّسِعُ لِلْقُوتِ وَ مَا يُرَدُّ فِي الْأَرْضِ لِلْبَذْرِ
Had it not been for the heat, the bitter, solid (unripe) fruits would not mature, so it softens and freshens until the wetness and the dryness disassociate with it. And had it not been for the cold, the plantations would not have germinated like this, and speed up the income a lot, which is sufficient for the strength, and what it provides in the land for the sowing.
أَ فَلَا تَرَى مَا فِي الْحَرِّ وَ الْبَرْدِ مِنْ عَظِيمِ الْغِنَاءِ وَ الْمَنْفَعَةِ وَ كِلَاهُمَا مَعَ غِنَائِهِ وَ الْمَنْفَعَةِ فِيهِ يُؤْلِمُ الْأَبْدَانَ وَ يَمَضُّهَا وَ فِي ذَلِكَ عِبْرَةٌ لِمَنْ فَكَّرَ وَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ مِنْ تَدْبِيرِ الْحَكِيمِ فِي مَصْلَحَةِ الْعَالَمِ وَ مَا فِيهِ
Do you not see what is in the heat and the cold, from the great abundance and the benefits, and each of these it with its abundance and the benefit in it, it (also) hurts the bodies and can burn these; and in that there is a lesson for one who thinks, and evidence upon that it is from an arrangement of the Wise in the interests of the world and whatever is in it.
وَ أُنَبِّهُكَ يَا مُفَضَّلُ عَلَى الرِّيحِ وَ مَا فِيهَا أَ لَسْتَ تَرَى رُكُودَهَا إِذَا رَكَدَتْ كَيْفَ يُحْدِثُ الْكَرْبَ الَّذِي يَكَادُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ عَلَى النُّفُوسِ وَ يُحْرِضُ الْأَصِحَّاءَ وَ يَنْهَكُ الْمَرْضَى وَ يُفْسِدُ الثِّمَارَ وَ يُعَفِّنُ الْبُقُولَ وَ يُعْقِبُ الْوَبَاءَ فِي الْأَبْدَانِ وَ الْآفَةَ فِي الْغَلَّاتِ فَفِي هَذَا بَيَانُ أَنَّ هُبُوبَ الرِّيحِ مِنْ تَدْبِيرِ الْحَكِيمِ فِي صَلَاحِ الْخَلْقِ
And wake yourself up, O Mufazzal, upon the wind and what is in it. Don’t you see its stagnation when it does stagnate, how the distress occurs which almost comes upon the breathing, and incites the healthy and weakens the sick, and spoils the fruits, and decays the vegetables, and is followed by the plague in the bodies, and the pests in the harvests? In this, there is an explanation that the blowing of the wind is from an arrangement of the Wise One-azwj in the interests of the people.
وَ أُنَبِّئُكَ عَنِ الْهَوَاءِ بِخَلَّةٍ أُخْرَى فَإِنَّ الصَّوْتَ أَثَرٌ يُؤَثِّرُهُ اصْطِكَاكُ الْأَجْسَامِ فِي الْهَوَاءِ وَ الْهَوَاءُ يُؤَدِّيهِ إِلَى الْمَسَامِعِ وَ النَّاسُ يَتَكَلَّمُونَ فِي حَوَائِجِهِمْ وَ مُعَامَلَاتِهِمْ طُولَ نَهَارِهِمْ وَ بَعْضَ لَيْلِهِمْ فَلَوْ كَانَ أَثَرُ هَذَا الْكَلَامِ يَبْقَى فِي الْهَوَاءِ كَمَا يَبْقَى الْكِتَابُ فِي الْقِرْطَاسِ لَامْتَلَأَ الْعَالَمُ مِنْهُ فَكَانَ يَكْرُبُهُمْ وَ يَفْدَحُهُمْ وَ كَانُوا يَحْتَاجُونَ فِي تَجْدِيدِهِ وَ الِاسْتِبْدَالِ بِهِ إِلَى أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا يُحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ فِي تَجْدِيدِ الْقَرَاطِيسِ لِأَنَّ مَا يُلْقَى مِنَ الْكَلَامِ أَكْثَرُ مِمَّا يُكْتَبُ
And I-asws shall inform you about the air in another manner, for the sound is an effect, impacted by the friction of the bodies in the air, and the air delivers it to the ears, and the people are talking regarding their needs and their affairs the (entire) length of their day and some of their night. If the effect of this speech was to remain in the air just as the writing remain in the paper, the world would be filled from it, and it would have disturbed them and scared them, and they would have been needy to renewing it and the replacement with it to more than what it needed to in renewing the papers, because whatever one faces from the speech is more than what is written.
فَجَعَلَ الْخَلَّاقُ الْحَكِيمُ جَلَّ قُدْسُهُ هَذَا الْهَوَاءَ قِرْطَاساً خَفِيّاً يَحْمِلُ الْكَلَامَ رَيْثَمَا يَبْلُغُ الْعَالَمُ حَاجَتَهُمْ ثُمَّ يُمْحَى فَيَعُودُ جَدِيداً نَقِيّاً وَ يَحْمِلُ مَا حَمَلَ أَبَداً بِلَا انْقِطَاعٍ وَ حَسْبُكَ بِهَذَا النَّسِيمِ الْمُسَمَّى هَوَاءً عِبْرَةً وَ مَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْمَصَالِحِ فَإِنَّهُ حَيَاةُ هَذِهِ الْأَبْدَانِ وَ الْمُمْسِكُ لَهَا مِنْ دَاخِلٍ بِمَا تَسْتَنْشِقُ مِنْهُ وَ مِنْ خَارِجٍ بِمَا تُبَاشِرُ مِنْ رَوْحِهِ وَ فِيهِ تَطَّرِدُ هَذِهِ الْأَصْوَاتُ فَيُؤَدِّي بِهَا مِنَ الْبُعْدِ الْبَعِيدِ وَ هُوَ الْحَامِلُ لِهَذِهِ الأَرَايِيحِ يَنْقُلُهَا مِنْ مَوْضِعٍ إِلَى مَوْضِعٍ
The Wise Creator, Majestic is His-azwj Holiness, Made this air as a hidden paper carrying the speech, awaiting delivery to the world of their needs, and it gets deleted and returns to be as new, clean, and it carries what it carries for ever without termination, and it should suffice you with this gentle breeze, the name ‘Hawa’ (air), as a lesson and what is therein from the interests, for the life of these bodies and the holder for these is from inside with what it inhales from it, and from outside with what it faces from its wind, and in which these voices are expelled and it (air) deposits these from the far distances, and it is the carrier of these smells, transferring it from a place to a place.
أَ لَا تَرَى كَيْفَ تَأْتِيكَ الرَّائِحَةُ مِنْ حَيْثُ تَهُبُّ الرِّيحُ فَكَذَلِكَ الصَّوْتُ وَ هُوَ الْقَابِلُ لِهَذَا الْحَرِّ وَ الْبَرْدِ اللَّذَيْنِ يَتَعَاقَبَانِ عَلَى الْعَالَمِ لِصَلَاحِهِ وَ مِنْهُ هَذِهِ الرِّيحُ الْهَابَّةُ فَالرِّيحُ تَرُوحُ عَنِ الْأَجْسَامِ وَ تُزْجِي السَّحَابَ مِنْ مَوْضِعٍ إِلَى مَوْضِعٍ لِيَعُمَّ نَفْعُهُ حَتَّى يَسْتَكْثِفَ فَيَمْطُرَ وَ تَفُضُّهُ حَتَّى يَسْتَخِفَّ فَيَتَفَشَّى وَ تُلْقِحُ الشَّجَرَ وَ تُسِيرُ السُّفُنَ وَ تُرْخِي الْأَطْعِمَةَ وَ تُبَرِّدُ الْمَاءَ وَ تَشُبُّ النَّارَ وَ تُجَفِّفُ الْأَشْيَاءَ النَّدِيَّةَ وَ بِالْجُمْلَةِ أَنَّهَا تُحْيِي كُلَّمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَلَوْ لَا الرِّيحُ لَذَوَى النَّبَاتُ وَ مَاتَ الْحَيَوَانُ وَ حُمَّتِ الْأَشْيَاءُ وَ فَسَدَتْ
Do you not see how the smell comes to you from where the wind blows? Similar to that is the sound, and it is the acceptor of this heat and the cold, those which are alternating upon the world for its interest, and from it is the blowing of the wind. The wind blows away from the objects and evoke the cloud from a place to a place to benefit it, until it condenses and it rains, and it unfolds until it lightens and spreads, and trees fertilise, and the ships sail, and it releases the food, and the waters cool, and the fires are ignited, and the moist things dry up, and in summary, it revives all what is in the earth. Had it not been for the wind, the vegetation would wilt and the animals would die, and the things would decompose and spoil.
فَكِّرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ فِيمَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَيْهِ هَذِهِ الْجَوَاهِرَ الْأَرْبَعَةَ لِيَتَّسِعَ مَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْهَا فَمِنْ ذَلِكَ سَعَةُ هَذِهِ الْأَرْضِ وَ امْتِدَادُهَا فَلَوْ لَا ذَلِكَ كَيْفَ كَانَتْ تَتَّسِعُ لِمَسَاكِنِ النَّاسِ وَ مَزَارِعِهِمْ وَ مَرَاعِيهِمْ وَ مَنَابِتِ أَخْشَابِهِمْ وَ أَحْطَابِهِمْ وَ الْعَقَاقِيرِ الْعَظِيمَةِ وَ الْمَعَادِنِ الْجَسِيمَةِ غَنَاؤُهَا
Think, O Mufazzal, regarding what Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Created these four seasons to expand upon what is needed from these. From that expansion is this earth and its spread. Had it not been that, how would it be capacious for the dwellings of the people and their farms and their pastures, and the growth of their timber and firewood, and the great real estates, and the mines of their minerals and their gems.
وَ لَعَلَّ مَنْ يُنْكِرُ هَذِهِ الْفَلَوَاتِ الْخَاوِيَةَ وَ الْقِفَارَ الْمُوحِشَةَ فَيَقُولُ مَا الْمَنْفَعَةُ فِيهَا فَهِيَ مَأْوَى هَذِهِ الْوُحُوشِ وَ مَحَالُّهَا وَ مَرْعَاهَا ثُمَّ فِيهَا بَعْدُ مُتَنَفَّسٌ وَ مُضْطَرَبٌ لِلنَّاسِ إِذَا احْتَاجُوا إِلَى الِاسْتِبْدَالِ بِأَوْطَانِهِمْ فَكَمْ بَيْدَاءَ وَ كَمْ فَدْفَدٍ حَالَتْ قُصُوراً وَ جِنَاناً بِانْتِقَالِ النَّاسِ إِلَيْهَا وَ حُلُولِهِمْ فِيهَا وَ لَوْ لَا سَعَةُ الْأَرْضِ وَ فُسْحَتُهَا لَكَانَ النَّاسُ كَمَنْ هُوَ فِي حِصَارٍ ضَيِّقٍ لَا يَجِدُ مَنْدُوحَةً عَنْ وَطَنِهِ إِذَا حَزَبَهُ أَمْرٌ يَضْطَرُّهُ إِلَى الِانْتِقَالِ عَنْهُ
And perhaps one would deny these empty voids and desolate wilderness, and he would be saying, ‘What is the benefit in these? These are a shelter for these wild beasts and their places and their pastures. Then, in these afterwards is an outlet and disturbance for the people when they are needy to change their homeland. So many deserts, and how many wastelands became castles and gardens by the transfer of the people to it and their arrival in these. And had the earth not been capacious and open spaced, the people would be like one who is in a siege, restricted, not finding an option from his homeland, when a matter of a group makes him desperate to the transfer away from it.
ثُمَّ فَكِّرْ فِي خَلْقِ هَذِهِ الْأَرْضِ عَلَى مَا هِيَ عَلَيْهِ حِينَ خُلِقَتْ رَاتِبَةً رَاكِنَةً فَتَكُونُ مَوْطِناً مُسْتَقَرّاً لِلْأَشْيَاءِ فَيَتَمَكَّنُ النَّاسُ مِنَ السَّعْيِ عَلَيْهَا فِي مَآرِبِهِمْ وَ الْجُلُوسِ عَلَيْهَا لِرَاحَتِهِمْ وَ النَّوْمِ لِهَدْئِهِمْ وَ الْإِتْقَانِ لِأَعْمَالِهِمْ
Then think about the creation of this earth upon what it is upon, where it has been created wet, static, so it would become a stable homeland for the things. The people are enabled from the capaciousness upon it in their purposes, and the sitting upon it for their rest, and the sleep for their calmness, and the workmanship for their works.
فَإِنَّهَا لَوْ كَانَتْ رَجْرَاجَةً مُتَكَفِّئَةً لَمْ يَكُونُوا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ أَنْ يُتْقِنُوا الْبِنَاءَ وَ التِّجَارَةَ وَ الصِّنَاعَةَ وَ مَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ بَلْ كَانُوا لَا يَتَهَنَّئُونَ بِالْعَيْشِ وَ الْأَرْضُ تَرْتَجُّ مِنْ تَحْتِهِمْ
So, if it had been shaking, reclining, they would not have been able to master the construction, and the trading, and the manufacturing, and what resembles that. But, they would not be enjoying the life while the ground was shaking beneath them.
وَ اعْتَبِرْ ذَلِكَ بِمَا يُصِيبُ النَّاسَ حِينَ الزَّلَازِلِ عَلَى قِلَّةِ مَكْثِهَا حَتَّى يَصِيرُوا إِلَى تَرْكِ مَنَازِلِهِمْ وَ الْهَرَبِ عَنْهَا فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ فَلِمَ صَارَتْ هَذِهِ الْأَرْضُ تُزَلْزَلُ قِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّ الزَّلْزَلَةَ وَ مَا أَشْبَهَهَا مَوْعِظَةٌ وَ تَرْهِيبٌ يُرَهَّبُ بِهَا النَّاسُ لِيَرْعَوُوا وَ يَنْزِعُوا عَنِ الْمَعَاصِي
And consider that what hits people during an earthquake lasts only for a little while, until they leave their houses and flee. If a speaker were to say, ‘Why did this earth come to be with the tremors?’ It would be said to him, ‘The earthquake and what resembles it is a preaching and an intimidation, the people being intimidated by it, to warn them and take them away from the acts of disobedience.
وَ كَذَلِكَ مَا يَنْزِلُ بِهِمْ مِنَ الْبَلَاءِ فِي أَبْدَانِهِمْ وَ أَمْوَالِهِمْ يَجْرِي فِي التَّدْبِيرِ عَلَى مَا فِيهِ صَلَاحُهُمْ وَ اسْتِقَامَتُهُمْ وَ يُدَّخَرُ لَهُمْ إِنْ صَلَحُوا مِنَ الثَّوَابِ وَ الْعِوَضِ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مَا لَا يَعْدِلُهُ شَيْءٌ مِنْ أُمُورِ الدُّنْيَا وَ رُبَّمَا عُجِّلَ ذَلِكَ فِي الدُّنْيَا إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي الدُّنْيَا صَلَاحاً لِلْخَاصَّةِ وَ الْعَامَّةِ
And like that is what descend with them from the affliction in their bodies and their wealth, flowing in the arrangement upon what therein is their correction and their integrity, and hoarding for them, if they correct themselves, the Rewards and the replacements in the Hereafter what nothing from the affairs of the world can be equated with; and sometimes hasten that in the world, when that was in the world a correction of the special ones and the general ones.
ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْأَرْضَ فِي طِبَاعِهَا الَّذِي طَبَعَهَا اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ بَارِدَةٌ يَابِسَةٌ وَ كَذَلِكَ الْحِجَارَةُ وَ إِنَّمَا الْفَرْقُ بَيْنَهَا وَ بَيْنَ الْحِجَارَةِ فَضْلُ يُبْسٍ فِي الْحِجَارَةِ أَ فَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ الْيُبْسَ أَفْرَطَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ قَلِيلًا حَتَّى تَكُونَ حَجَراً صَلْداً أَ كَانَتْ تُنْبِتُ هَذَا النَّبَاتَ الَّذِي بِهِ حَيَاةُ الْحَيَوَانِ وَ كَانَ يُمْكِنُ بِهَا حَرْثٌ أَوْ بِنَاءٌ أَ فَلَا تَرَى كَيْفَ تُنْصَبُ مِنْ يُبْسِ الْحِجَارَةِ وَ جُعِلَتْ عَلَى مَا هِيَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ اللِّينِ وَ الرَّخَاوَةِ وَ لِتَهَيَّأَ لِلِاعْتِمَادِ
Then, the earth, in its nature which Allah-azwj Natured it upon, is cold, dry, and like that are the rocks. But rather, the difference between it and the rock is the extra dryness in the rocks. Do you not see, if that dryness is overdone upon the earth a little until the rocks become rock solid, would the vegetation would grow with this growth by which is life of the animals? And would it have enabled a farm or a construction? Do you not see how the dryness is concentrated in the rock, and it has been Made what it is upon from the softness, and the laxity and the preparedness for the deliberation?
وَ مِنْ تَدْبِيرِ الْحَكِيمِ جَلَّ وَ عَلَا فِي خِلْقَةِ الْأَرْضِ أَنَّ مَهَبَّ الشَّمَالِ أَرْفَعُ مِنْ مَهَبِّ الْجَنُوبِ فَلِمَ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ كَذَلِكَ إِلَّا لِيَنْحَدِرَ الْمِيَاهُ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ فَتَسْقِيَهَا وَ تَرْوِيَهَا ثُمَّ تُفِيضَ آخِرَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى الْبَحْرِ فَكَأَنَّمَا يَرْفَعُ أَحَدُ جَانِبَيِ السَّطْحِ وَ يَخْفِضُ الْآخَرُ لِيَنْحَدِرَ الْمَاءُ عَنْهُ وَ لَا يَقُومَ عَلَيْهِ كَذَلِكَ جُعِلَ مَهَبُّ الشَّمَالِ أَرْفَعَ مِنْ مَهَبِّ الْجَنُوبِ لِهَذِهِ الْعِلَّةِ بِعَيْنِهَا وَ لَوْ لَا ذَلِكَ لَبَقِيَ الْمَاءُ مُتَحَيِّراً عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ فَكَانَ يَمْنَعُ النَّاسَ مِنْ أَعْمَالِهَا وَ يَقْطَعُ الطُّرُقَ وَ الْمَسَالِكَ
And from the arrangement of the Wise, Majestic and Exalted, in the creation of the earth is that the northern side is higher than the south. Why did Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Make it like that, except for trickling the waters upon the surface of the earth to quench it and irrigate it? Then that overflows into the sea. It is as if one side of the roof is higher and the other is lower to trickle the water away from it and not to stand still upon it. Like that He-azwj Made the northern side higher than the southern side for this reason exactly. And had it not been that, the water would have remained confused upon the surface of the earth, and it would have prevented the people from their works, and cut off the roads and the pathways.
ثُمَّ الْمَاءُ لَوْ لَا كَثْرَتُهُ وَ تَدَفُّقُهُ فِي الْعُيُونِ وَ الْأَدْوِيَةِ وَ الْأَنْهَارِ لَضَاقَ عَمَّا يَحْتَاجُ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهِ لِشُرْبِهِمْ وَ شُرْبِ أَنْعَامِهِمْ وَ مَوَاشِيهِمْ وَ سَقْيِ زُرُوعِهِمْ وَ أَشْجَارِهِمْ وَ أَصْنَافِ غَلَّاتِهِمْ وَ شُرْبِ مَا يَرِدُهُ مِنَ الْوُحُوشِ وَ الطَّيْرِ وَ السِّبَاعِ وَ تَتَقَلَّبُ فِيهِ الْحِيتَانُ وَ دَوَابُّ الْمَاءِ
Then, the water, had it not been for its abundance and its being dispelled into the rivers, and the valleys, it would have been constricted upon what the people are needy to, for their drinking, and the drinking of their cattle and their livestock, and quench their plants and their trees and types of their harvests; and the drinking of whatever comes to it from the wild animals, and the birds, and the predators, and the fishes and creatures of the water fluctuate in it.
وَ فِيهِ مَنَافِعُ أُخَرُ أَنْتَ بِهَا عَارِفٌ وَ عَنْ عِظَمِ مَوْقِعِهَا غَافِلٌ فَإِنَّهُ سِوَى الْأَمْرِ الْجَلِيلِ الْمَعْرُوفِ مِنْ غَنَائِهِ فِي إِحْيَاءِ جَمِيعِ مَا عَلَى الْأَرْضِ مِنَ الْحَيَوَانِ وَ النَّبَاتِ يَمْزُجُ بِالْأَشْرِبَةِ فَتَلِينُ وَ تَطَيَّبُ لِشَارِبِهَا وَ بِهِ تُنَظَّفُ الْأَبْدَانُ وَ الْأَمْتِعَةُ مِنَ الدَّرَنِ الَّذِي يَغْشَاهَا وَ بِهِ يُبَلُّ التُّرَابُ فَيَصْلُحُ لِلِاعْتِمَالِ وَ بِهِ يُكَفُّ عَادِيَةُ النَّارِ إِذَا اضْطَرَمَتْ وَ أَشْرَفَ النَّاسُ عَلَى الْمَكْرُوهِ وَ بِهِ يُسِيغُ الْغَصَّانُ مَا غَصَّ بِهِ وَ بِهِ يَسْتَحِمُّ الْمُتْعِبُ الْكَالُّ فَيَجِدُ الرَّاحَةَ مِنْ أَوْصَابِهِ إِلَى أَشْبَاهِ هَذَا مِنَ الْمَآرِبِ الَّتِي تَعْرِفُ عِظَمَ مَوْقِعِهَا فِي وَقْتِ الْحَاجَةِ إِلَيْهَا
And in it is another benefit. You know it, and about the greatness of its occurrence, you are heedless, for it is the same majestic matter, the well know from its abundance in reviving the entirety of what is upon the earth, from the animals and the vegetation mingling with the drinking, so it softens and becomes good for it to be drunk; and by it the bodies are cleaned, and the dead from the dust which engulfs it, and by it the soil humidifies and is correct for the utilisation, and by it the fire is doused (soaked) when it inflames and the people face upon its abhorrence, and by it the dyer dyes what he dyes with it, and by it the tired calf is bathed and finds the rest from its injuries, to the likes of this from the purposes which you recognised the greatness of its occurrence in the time of need to it.
فَإِنْ شَكَكْتَ فِي مَنْفَعَةِ هَذَا الْمَاءِ الْكَثِيرِ الْمُتَرَاكِمِ فِي الْبِحَارِ وَ قُلْتَ مَا الْإِرْبُ فِيهِ فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ مُكْتَنَفٌ وَ مُضْطَرَبٌ مَا لَا يُحْصَى مِنْ أَصْنَافِ السَّمَكِ وَ دَوَابِّ الْبَحْرِ وَ مَعْدِنِ اللُّؤْلُؤِ وَ الْيَاقُوتِ وَ الْعَنْبَرِ وَ أَصْنَافٍ شَتَّى تُسْتَخْرَجُ مِنَ الْبَحْرِ وَ فِي سَوَاحِلِهِ مَنَابِتُ الْعُودِ وَ الْيَلَنْجُوجِ وَ ضُرُوبٍ مِنَ الطِّيبِ وَ الْعَقَاقِيرِ
If you were to doubt in the benefits of this abundant water accumulating in the ocean, and you say, ‘What is the purpose in it?’, then know that it is encompassed and turbulent with what cannot be counted, from the types of fish and creatures of the sea, and a mine of pearls and the sapphire and amber, and various types being extracted from the sea; and in its coasts grows the Oud and the driftwood, and a variety of the perfumes and the medicines.
ثُمَّ هُوَ بَعْدُ مَرْكَبُ النَّاسِ وَ مَحْمِلٌ لِهَذِهِ التِّجَارَاتِ الَّتِي تُجْلَبُ مِنَ الْبُلْدَانِ الْبَعِيدَةِ كَمَثَلِ مَا يُجْلَبُ مِنَ الصِّينِ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ وَ مِنَ الْعِرَاقِ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ فَإِنَّ هَذِهِ التِّجَارَاتِ لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا مَحْمِلٌ إِلَّا عَلَى الظَّهْرِ لَبَارَتْ وَ بَقِيَتْ فِي بُلْدَانِهَا وَ أَيْدِي أَهْلِهَا لِأَنَّ أَجْرَ حَمْلِهَا كَانَ يُجَاوِزُ أَثْمَانَهَا فَلَا يَتَعَرَّضُ أَحَدٌ لِحَمْلِهَا وَ كَانَ يَجْتَمِعُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَمْرَانِ أَحَدُهُمَا فَقْدُ أَشْيَاءَ كَثِيرَةٍ تَعْظُمُ الْحَاجَةُ إِلَيْهَا وَ الْآخَرُ انْقِطَاعُ مَعَاشِ مَنْ يَحْمِلُهَا وَ يَتَعَيَّشُ بِفَضْلِهَا
Then, after its composition by the people, and carried to these trades which are brought from distant cities, like what is brought from China to Iraq, and from Iraq to China, for these trades, if there had not been a carrier for it except upon the back, would have broken and remained in its city and in the hands of its people, because the wages of carrying it would have exceeded its cost, therefore no one would be exposed (agree) to carrying it. And two matters would have gathered in that – one of that is the loss of a lot of things maximising the need to it, and the other, cutting off the livelihood of the one carrying it and living by the grace of it.
وَ هَكَذَا الْهَوَاءُ لَوْ لَا كَثْرَتُهُ وَ سَعَتُهُ لَاخْتَنَقَ هَذَا الْأَنَامُ مِنَ الدُّخَانِ وَ الْبُخَارِ الَّتِي يَتَحَيَّرُ فِيهِ وَ يَعْجِزُ عَمَّا يُحَوَّلُ إِلَى السَّحَابِ وَ الضَّبَابِ أَوَّلًا أَوَّلًا وَ قَدْ تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ صِفَتِهِ مَا فِيهِ كِفَايَةٌ
And similar to that is the air, if it had not been abundant, capacious, it would have choked the cattle from the smoke and the vapour which they would be hesitating in, and frustrated from what is turned into the cloud and the fog first of all, and there has preceded from its description what therein is sufficiency.
وَ النَّارُ أَيْضاً كَذَلِكَ فَإِنَّهَا لَوْ كَانَتْ مَبْثُوثَةً كَالنَّسِيمِ وَ الْمَاءِ كَانَتْ تُحْرِقُ الْعَالَمَ وَ مَا فِيهِ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ بُدٌّ مِنْ ظُهُورِهَا فِي الْأَحَايِينِ لِغَنَائِهَا فِي كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْمَصَالِحِ فَجُعِلَتْ كَالْمَخْزُونَةِ فِي الْأَخْشَابِ تُلْتَمَسُ عِنْدَ الْحَاجَةِ إِلَيْهَا وَ تُمْسَكُ بِالْمَادَّةِ وَ الْحَطَبِ مَا احْتِيجَ إِلَى بَقَائِهَا لِئَلَّا تَخْبُوَ
And the fire as well is like that, if it had been transmitted like the gentle breeze and the water, it would incinerate the world and whatever is in it, and it would not have been a must that it should appear in the two states of its abundance in many of the interests, so it was Made to be like the treasure inside the timber, sought during the need to it, and withheld with the essence and the firewood what is needed to is survival lest it freezes.
فَلَا هِيَ تُمْسَكُ بِالْمَادَّةِ وَ الْحَطَبِ فَتَعْظُمَ الْمَئُونَةُ فِي ذَلِكَ وَ لَا هِيَ تَظْهَرُ مَبْثُوثَةً فَتُحْرِقَ كُلَّ مَا هِيَ فِيهِ بَلْ هِيَ عَلَى تَهْيِئَةٍ وَ تَقْدِيرٍ اجْتَمَعَ فِيهَا الِاسْتِمْتَاعُ بِمَنَافِعِهَا وَ السَّلَامَةُ مِنْ ضَرَرِهَا
Therefore, it is withheld with the essence and the firewood to magnify the assistance in that, and it is not transmitted so it would incinerate all what it is in, but it is upon a preparation and a measurement gathered in it the enjoyment of its benefits and the safety from its harm.
ثُمَّ فِيهِ خَلَّةٌ أُخْرَى وَ هِيَ أَنَّهَا مِمَّا خُصَّ بِهِ الْإِنْسَانُ دُونَ جَمِيعِ الْحَيَوَانِ لِمَا لَهُ فِيهَا مِنَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ فَإِنَّهُ لَوْ فَقَدَ النَّارَ لَعَظُمَ مَا يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الضَّرَرِ فِي مَعَاشِهِ فَأَمَّا الْبَهَائِمُ فَلَا تَسْتَعْمِلُ النَّارَ وَ لَا تَسْتَمْتِعُ بِهَا وَ لَمَّا قَدَّرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا هَكَذَا خَلَقَ لِلْإِنْسَانِ كَفّاً وَ أَصَابِعَ مُهَيَّأَةً لِقَدْحِ النَّارِ وَ اسْتِعْمَالِهَا وَ لَمْ يُعْطِ الْبَهَائِمَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ لَكِنَّهَا أُعِينَتْ بِالصَّبْرِ عَلَى الْجَفَاءِ وَ الْخَلَلِ فِي الْمَعَاشِ لِكَيْلَا يَنَالَهَا فِي فَقْدِ النَّارِ مَا يَنَالُ الْإِنْسَانَ
Then, in it is another manner, it is that it is from what the human being has been particularised with, besides the entirety of the animals to what there is for him an interest in it, for if he loses the fire, it would be grievous what would enter upon him from the harm in his life. As for the animals, they do not utilise the fire not do they enjoy it, and for what Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic had Determined that this happens like that. He-azwj Created for the human being, a palm and fingers prepared to ignite the fire and utilise it, and did not Give the animals the like of that, but these are assisted with the sight upon the staleness and the disturbance in the life, lest it comes upon them regarding the loss of the fire what would come upon the human being.
وَ أُنَبِّئُكَ مِنْ مَنَافِعِ النَّارِ عَلَى خِلْقَةٍ صَغِيرَةٍ عَظِيمَ مَوْقِعِهَا وَ هِيَ هَذَا الْمِصْبَاحُ الَّذِي يَتَّخِذُهُ النَّاسُ فَيَقْضُونَ بِهِ حَوَائِجَهُمْ مَا شَاءُوا مِنْ لَيْلِهِمْ وَ لَوْ لَا هَذِهِ الْخَلَّةُ لَكَانَ النَّاسُ تُصْرَفُ أَعْمَارُهُمْ بِمَنْزِلَةِ مَنْ فِي الْقُبُورِ فَمَنْ كَانَ يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ أَوْ يَحْفَظَ أَوْ يَنْسِجَ فِي ظُلْمَةِ اللَّيْلِ وَ كَيْفَ كَانَتْ حَالُ مَنْ عَرَضَ لَهُ وَجَعٌ فِي وَقْتٍ مِنْ أَوْقَاتِ اللَّيْلِ فَاحْتَاجَ أَنْ يُعَالِجَ ضِمَاداً أَوْ سَفُوفاً أَوْ شَيْئاً يَسْتَشْفِي بِهِ
And I-asws shall inform you of the benefits of the fire upon the small creation in a great place, and it is this lamp which the people take to and they are fulfilling their needs with it, whatever they so desire from their nights. And had it not been these characteristics, the people would have utilised their building at the status of the ones in the graves. Who could have been able to write, or preserve, or weave in the darkness of the night? And how would have been the state of one exposed to a pain during a time from the times of the night, and is needy for the treatment of dressing, or (medicinal) powder, or something to be healed with?
فَأَمَّا مَنَافِعُهَا فِي نَضْجِ الْأَطْعِمَةِ وَ دَفَاءِ الْأَبْدَانِ وَ تَجْفِيفِ أَشْيَاءَ وَ تَحْلِيلِ أَشْيَاءَ وَ أَشْبَاهِ ذَلِكَ فَأَكْثَرُ مِنْ أَنْ تُحْصَى وَ أَظْهَرُ مِنْ أَنْ تَخْفَى
As for its benefits in cooking the meals, and defending the bodies, and drying the things, and analysing the things, and the likes of that are more than can be counted, and (more) apparent that are hidden.
فَكِّرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ فِي الصَّحْوِ وَ الْمَطَرِ كَيْفَ يَعْتَقِبَانِ عَلَى هَذَا الْعَالَمِ لِمَا فِيهِ صَلَاحُهُ وَ لَوْ دَامَ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا عَلَيْهِ كَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ فَسَادُهُ أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّ الْأَمْطَارَ إِذَا تَوَالَتْ عَفِنَتِ الْبُقُولُ وَ الْخُضَرُ وَ اسْتَرْخَتْ أَبْدَانُ الْحَيَوَانِ وَ خَصِرَ الْهَوَاءُ فَأَحْدَثَ ضُرُوباً مِنَ الْأَمْرَاضِ وَ فَسَدَتِ الطُّرُقُ وَ الْمَسَالِكُ
Think, O Mufazzal, regarding the clear sky and the rain, how they follow each other upon this world to what therein is its interest, and if one of them lasted upon it, in that would have been its spoiling. Do you not see that the rains, when they are prolonged, the vegetables and the greenery rots away, and the bodies of the animals relax, and the air chills? New varieties of diseases occur, and the roads and the pathways are spoilt.
وَ أَنَّ الصَّحْوَ إِذَا دَامَ جَفَّتِ الْأَرْضُ وَ احْتَرَقَ النَّبَاتُ وَ غِيضَ مَاءُ الْعُيُونِ وَ الْأَوْدِيَةِ فَأَضَرَّ ذَلِكَ بِالنَّاسِ وَ غَلَبَ الْيُبْسُ عَلَى الْهَوَاءِ فَأَحْدَثَ ضُرُوباً أُخْرَى مِنَ الْأَمْرَاضِ فَإِذَا تَعَاقَبَا عَلَى الْعَالَمِ هَذَا التَّعَاقُبَ اعْتَدَلَ الْهَوَاءُ وَ دَفَعَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا عَادِيَةَ الْآخَرِ فَصَلَحَتِ الْأَشْيَاءُ وَ اسْتَقَامَتْ
And that the clear sky, if it was perpetual, the earth would dry up, and the water of the rivers and valleys would deplete, and that would be harmful with the people, and the dryness would overcome upon the air, and another variety of the disease would be created. When there is a follow upon the world of this follow up, the air would be moderate, and each one of the two would moderate the other, and the things would be correct and straightened.
فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ وَ لِمَ لَا يَكُونُ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَضَرَّةٌ الْبَتَّةَ قِيلَ لَهُ لِيَمُضَّ ذَلِكَ الْإِنْسَانَ وَ يُؤْلِمَهُ بَعْضَ الْأَلَمِ فَيَرْعَوِيَ عَنِ الْمَعَاصِي فَكَمَا أَنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ إِذَا سَقُمَ بَدَنُهُ احْتَاجَ إِلَى الْأَدْوِيَةِ الْمُرَّةِ الْبَشِعَةِ لِيَقُومَ طِبَاعُهُ وَ يَصْلُحَ مَا فَسَدَ مِنْهُ كَذَلِكَ إِذَا طَغَى وَ أَشِرَ احْتَاجَ إِلَى مَا يَعَضُّهُ وَ يُؤْلِمُهُ لِيَرْعَوِيَ وَ يَقْصُرَ عَنْ مَسَاوِيهِ وَ يُثْبِتَهُ عَلَى مَا فِيهِ حَظُّهُ وَ رُشْدُهُ
If a speaker was to say, ‘And why does there no happen to be any harm in that anyhow?’ It would be said to him: ‘To run that human being and pain him with some of the pains, so he would be cautious of the acts of disobedience, just as the human being, when his body is sick, he is needy to the horrible bitter medicines so establish his health and correct whatever had spoilt from him, similar to that, when he is obedient and cheerful, he is need to what bites him and pains him to him to be cautious and fall short from his evil deeds and affirm him upon what therein is his share and his rightful guidance.
وَ لَوْ أَنَّ مَلِكاً مِنَ الْمُلُوكِ قَسَمَ فِي أَهْلِ مَمْلَكَتِهِ قَنَاطِيرَ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ وَ فِضَّةٍ أَ لَمْ يَكُنْ سَيَعْظُمُ عِنْدَهُمْ وَ يَذْهَبُ لَهُ بِهِ الصَّوْتُ فَأَيْنَ هَذَا مِنْ مَطْرَةٍ رَوَاءٍ إِذْ يُعْمَرُ بِهِ الْبِلَادُ وَ يَزِيدُ فِي الْغَلَّاتِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ قَنَاطِيرِ الذَّهَبِ وَ الْفِضَّةِ فِي أَقَالِيمِ الْأَرْضِ كُلِّهَا
And if a king from the kings was to distribute among the people of his kingdom containers of gold and silver, would he not be magnified in their presence and the voice would go for him due to it? So, where is this from abundant rains, when the cities are built and there is an increase in the yields, more than would be from container of the gold and the silver in all the regions of the earth?
أَ فَلَا تَرَى الْمَطْرَةَ الْوَاحِدَةَ مَا أَكْبَرَ قَدْرَهَا وَ أَعْظَمَ النِّعْمَةَ عَلَى النَّاسِ فِيهَا وَ هُمْ عَنْهَا سَاهُونَ وَ رُبَّمَا عَاقَتْ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمْ حَاجَةٌ لَا قَدْرَ لَهَا فَيَذْمُرُ وَ يَسْخَطُ إِيثَاراً لِلْخَسِيسِ قَدْرُهُ عَلَى الْعَظِيمِ نَفْعُهُ جَهْلًا بِمَحْمُودِ الْعَاقِبَةِ وَ قِلَّةَ مَعْرِفَةٍ لِعَظِيمِ الْغَنَاءِ وَ الْمَنْفَعَةِ فِيهَا
Do you not see the single rainfall, how great its measurement is and the great bounty upon the people in it, and they are heedless from it! And sometimes, one of them is in need, and there is no Ordainment for it, so he murmurs and is angered at the effects of the despicability of his Ordainment upon the great benefits of it he is ignorant of the consequences of Praised One-azwj, and scarcity of his understanding of the great yields and the benefits therein.
تَأَمَّلْ نُزُولَهُ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ وَ التَّدْبِيرَ فِي ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّهُ جُعِلَ يَنْحَدِرُ عَلَيْهَا مِنْ عُلْوٍ لِيَتَفَشَّى مَا غَلُظَ وَ ارْتَفَعَ مِنْهَا فَيُرْوِيَهُ وَ لَوْ كَانَ إِنَّمَا يَأْتِيهَا مِنْ بَعْضِ نَوَاحِيهَا لَمَا عَلَا عَلَى الْمَوَاضِعِ الْمُشْرِفَةِ مِنْهَا وَ يَقِلُّ مَا يُزْرَعُ فِي الْأَرْضِ
Contemplate its descent upon the earth and the arrangement in that, for He-azwj Made the descent upon it from the high parts to spread out whatever has thickened and raise from it so it would be irrigated. And if it had rather come to it from some of its sides, it would not have risen upon the places higher than it, and the cultivation would have been little in the earth.
أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّ الَّذِي يُزْرَعُ سَيْحاً أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَالْأَمْطَارُ هِيَ الَّتِي تُطْبِقُ الْأَرْضَ وَ رُبَّمَا تَزْرَعُ هَذِهِ الْبَرَارِيَ الْوَاسِعَةَ وَ سُفُوحَ الْجِبَالِ وَ ذُرَاهَا فَتُغِلُّ الْغَلَّةَ الْكَثِيرَةَ وَ بِهَا يَسْقُطُ عَنِ النَّاسِ فِي كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْبُلْدَانِ مَئُونَةُ سِيَاقِ الْمَاءِ مِنْ مَوْضِعٍ إِلَى مَوْضِعٍ وَ مَا يَجْرِي فِي ذَلِكَ بَيْنَهُمْ مِنَ التَّشَاجُرِ وَ التَّظَالُمِ حَتَّى يَسْتَأْثِرَ بِالْمَاءِ ذَوُو الْعِزَّةِ وَ الْقُوَّةِ وَ يُحْرَمَهُ الضُّعَفَاءُ
Do you not see that which is cultivated by the flow of water is less than that, for the rains, these are which stratify the ground, and sometimes these vast prairies are cultivated, and the mountains and its soils, so it produces a lot of yield, and by it hoard falls from the people in most of the cities by the quenching of the water from place to place; and whatever flows in that between them from the quarrels and grievances until they seize the water to be with the honour and the strength, and deprive the weak ones.
ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ حِينَ قُدِّرَ أَنْ يَنْحَدِرَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ انْحِدَاراً جُعِلَ ذَلِكَ قَطْراً شَبِيهاً بِالرَّشِّ لِيَغُورَ فِي قُطْرِ الْأَرْضِ فَيُرْوِيَهَا وَ لَوْ كَانَ يَسْكُبُهُ انْسِكَاباً كَانَ يَنْزِلُ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ فَلَا يَغُورُ فِيهَا ثُمَّ كَانَ يَحْطِمُ الزَّرْعَ الْقَائِمَةَ إِذَا انْدَفَقَ عَلَيْهَا فَصَارَ يَنْزِلُ نُزُولًا رَقِيقاً فَيُنْبِتُ الْحَبَّ الْمَزْرُوعَ وَ يُحْيِي الْأَرْضَ وَ الزَّرْعَ الْقَائِمَ
Then, when it was Ordained that it descend upon the earth with a descending, that drop was Made to resemble with a sprinkle in order to sing the drop in the earth and irrigate it. And if it had pouring with a pouring, it would have descended upon the surface of the earth, and would not have sunk in it, then it would have destroyed the existing plants when it had surged towards it. Thus, the descent became a thin descent so the sowed seeds would grow, and the ground would be revived and the plantations would stand.
وَ فِي نُزُولِهِ أَيْضاً مَصَالِحُ أُخْرَى فَإِنَّهُ يُلَيِّنُ الْأَبْدَانَ وَ يَجْلُو كَدَرَ الْهَوَاءِ فَيَرْتَفِعُ الْوَبَاءُ الْحَادِثُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَ يَغْسِلُ مَا يَسْقُطُ عَلَى
And it is in its descent as well, there are other interests, for it softens the cities, and freshen and chill the air, and lifts the plague to occur from that, and washed whatever drops off from the tree and the plants, from the illnesses named as jaundice, to the likes of this from the benefits.
الشَّجَرِ وَ الزَّرْعِ مِنَ الدَّاءِ الْمُسَمَّى بِالْيَرَقَانِ إِلَى أَشْبَاهِ هَذَا مِنَ الْمَنَافِعِ فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ أَ وَ لَيْسَ قَدْ يَكُونُ مِنْهُ فِي بَعْضِ السِّنِينَ الضَّرَرُ الْعَظِيمُ الْكَثِيرُ لِشِدَّةِ مَا يَقَعُ مِنْهُ أَوْ بَرَدٍ يَكُونُ فِيهِ تَحَطُّمُ الْغَلَّاتِ وَ بَخُورَةٍ يُحْدِثُهَا فِي الْهَوَاءِ فَيُوَلِّدُ كَثِيراً مِنَ الْأَمْرَاضِ فِي الْأَبْدَانِ وَ الْآفَاتِ فِي الْغَلَّاتِ قِيلَ بَلَى قَدْ يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ الْفَرْطُ لِمَا فِيهِ مِنْ صَلَاحِ الْإِنْسَانِ وَ كَفِّهِ عَنْ رُكُوبِ الْمَعَاصِي وَ التَّمَادِي فِيهَا فَيَكُونُ الْمَنْفَعَةُ فِيمَا يَصْلُحُ لَهُ مِنْ دِينِهِ أَرْجَحَ مِمَّا عَسَى أَنْ يُرْزَأَ فِي مَالِهِ
If a speaker says, ‘Or hasn’t it happened from it in some of the years, a lot of great harm due to the intensity of what occurs from it, or a cold in which the yields happen to be destroyed, or a vapour occurring in the air giving birth to a lot of diseases in the bodies and the affliction in the fields?’ it would be said: ‘Yes, that excess has happened to what is therein from the interest of the human beings, and restrain him from indulging in the acts of disobedience and the persisting in these. Therefore, the benefits happen to be in what is correct for him from his Religion, possibly from the difficulties in his wealth.
انْظُرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ إِلَى هَذِهِ الْجِبَالِ الْمَرْكُومَةِ مِنَ الطِّينِ وَ الْحِجَارَةِ الَّتِي يَحْسَبُهَا الْغَافِلُونَ فَضْلًا لَا حَاجَةَ إِلَيْهَا وَ الْمَنَافِعُ فِيهَا كَثِيرَةٌ فَمِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَسْقُطَ عَلَيْهَا الثُّلُوجُ فَيَبْقَى فِي قِلَالِهَا لِمَنْ يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ وَ يَذُوبَ مَا ذَابَ مِنْهُ فَتَجْرِيَ مِنْهُ الْعُيُونُ الْغَزِيرَةُ الَّتِي تَجْتَمِعُ مِنْهَا الْأَنْهَارُ الْعِظَامُ وَ يَنْبُتَ فِيهَا ضُرُوبٌ مِنَ النَّبَاتِ وَ الْعَقَاقِيرِ الَّتِي لَا يَنْبُتُ مِثْلُهَا فِي السَّهْلِ
Look, O Mufazzal, at these mountains, the collection of mud and rocks which the heedless ones reckon it has been an extra, there being no need to it, and the benefits in these are a lot. From that Is that the snow would fall upon it and would remain in its peaks for one who is needy to it, and would melt whatever melts from it, and the strong springs flow from it, and the great rivers are gathered from it, and a variety of the vegetation grows in it, and the medicine the likes of which does not grow in the coast.
وَ يَكُونَ فِيهَا كُهُوفٌ وَ مَقَايِلُ لِلْوُحُوشِ مِنَ السِّبَاعِ الْعَادِيَةِ وَ يُتَّخَذَ مِنْهَا الْحُصُونُ وَ الْقِلَاعُ الْمَنِيعَةُ لِلتَّحَرُّزِ مِنَ الْأَعْدَاءِ وَ يُنْحَتَ مِنْهَا الْحِجَارَةُ لِلْبِنَاءِ وَ الْأَرْحَاءِ وَ يُوجَدَ فِيهَا مَعَادِنُ لِضُرُوبٍ مِنَ الْجَوَاهِرِ وَ فِيهَا خِلَالٌ أُخْرَى لَا يَعْرِفُهَا إِلَّا الْمُقَدِّرُ لَهَا فِي سَابِقِ عِلْمِهِ
And there happen in these like dugouts and caves for the wild animals from the normal predators, and fortresses and forts are taken from these as a defence from the enemies, and carvings are taken from the rocks for the construction and the grinding mills, and it these are found to be mines of a variety of the gems, and therein are other uses which none understand except the Ordainer in the precedence of His-azwj Knowledge.
فَكِّرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَعَادِنِ وَ مَا يُخْرَجُ مِنْهَا مِنَ الْجَوَاهِرِ الْمُخْتَلِفَةِ مِثْلِ الْجِصِّ وَ الْكِلْسِ وَ الْجِبْسِ وَ الزَّرَانِيخِ وَ الْمَرْتَكِ وَ القونيا [التُّوتِيَاءِ] وَ الزِّئْبَقِ وَ النُّحَاسِ وَ الرَّصَاصِ وَ الْفِضَّةِ وَ الذَّهَبِ وَ الزَّبَرْجَدِ وَ الْيَاقُوتِ وَ الزُّمُرُّدِ وَ ضُرُوبِ الْحِجَارَةِ وَ كَذَلِكَ مَا يُخْرَجُ مِنْهَا مِنَ الْقَارِ وَ الْمُومِيَا وَ الْكِبْرِيتِ وَ النِّفْطِ وَ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا يَسْتَعْمِلُهُ النَّاسُ فِي مَآرِبِهِمْ
Think, O Mufazzal, regarding these mines and what comes out from these from the difference gems, like the plaster, the lime, and the gypsum, and the arsenic, and the lead monoxide, and the zinc, and the mercury, and the copper, and the lead, and the silver, and the gold, and the rubies, and the sapphire, and the emeralds and a variety of the stones. And, similar to that is what comes out from these, from the asphalt, and the bitumen, and the sulphur, and the oil, and other than that from what the people utilise in their purposes.
فَهَلْ يَخْفَى عَلَى ذِي عَقْلٍ أَنَّ هَذِهِ كُلَّهَا ذَخَائِرُ ذُخِرَتْ لِلْإِنْسَانِ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَرْضِ لِيَسْتَخْرِجَهَا فَيَسْتَعْمِلَهَا عِنْدَ الْحَاجَةِ إِلَيْهَا
Is it hidden upon the one with intellect that all these are a treasure hoarded for the human being on this earth for him to extract these and utilise during the need to it?
ثُمَّ قَصُرَتْ حِيلَةُ النَّاسِ عَمَّا حَاوَلُوا مِنْ صَنْعَتِهَا عَلَى حِرْصِهِمْ وَ اجْتِهَادِهِمْ فِي ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّهُمْ لَوْ ظَفِرُوا بِمَا حَاوَلُوا مِنْ هَذَا الْعِلْمِ كَانَ لَا مَحَالَةَ سَيَظْهَرُ وَ يَسْتَفِيضُ فِي الْعَالَمِ حَتَّى تَكْثُرَ الذَّهَبُ وَ الْفِضَّةُ وَ يَسْقُطَا عِنْدَ النَّاسِ فَلَا يَكُونَ لَهُمَا قِيمَةٌ وَ يَبْطُلَ الِانْتِفَاعُ بِهِمَا فِي الشِّرَاءِ وَ الْبَيْعِ وَ الْمُعَامَلَاتِ وَ لَا كَانَ يَجْبِي السُّلْطَانُ الْأَمْوَالَ وَ لَا يَدَّخِرُهُمَا أَحَدٌ لِلْأَعْقَابِ
Then the stunts of the people from what they are deploying from its making, upon their greed and their struggle in that, for they, if they were to be victorious with what they are deploying from this world, it would be inevitable that they be victorious and succeed in the world until the gold and the silver is abundant and fall in the presence of the people. Then there would not be any valued to these two and it would invalidate the benefits with these in buying and selling and the dealings, nor would the ruling authority come with the wealth, nor would anyone hoard these for the posterity.
وَ قَدْ أُعْطِيَ النَّاسُ مَعَ هَذَا صَنْعَةَ الشَّبَهِ مِنَ النُّحَاسِ وَ الزُّجَاجِ مِنَ الرَّمْلِ وَ الْفِضَّةِ مِنَ الرَّصَاصِ وَ الذَّهَبِ مِنَ الْفِضَّةِ وَ أَشْبَاهِ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا لَا مَضَرَّةَ فِيهِ فَانْظُرْ كَيْفَ أُعْطُوا إِرَادَتَهُمْ فِيمَا لَا ضَرَرَ فِيهِ وَ مُنِعُوا ذَلِكَ فِيمَا كَانَ ضَارّاً لَهُمْ لَوْ نَالُوهُ وَ مَنْ أَوْغَلَ فِي الْمَعَادِنِ انْتَهَى إِلَى وَادٍ عَظِيمٍ يَجْرِي مُنْصَلِتاً بِمَاءٍ غَزِيرٍ لَا يُدْرَكُ غَوْرُهُ وَ لَا حِيلَةَ فِي عُبُورِهِ وَ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ أَمْثَالُ الْجِبَالِ مِنَ الْفِضَّةِ
And the people have been Given along with this, a resemblance of the copper and the glass from the sand, and the silver from the lead, and the gold from the silver, and like that from what there is no harm in it. Therefore, look at how they have been Given their wants in what there is no harm, and Prevented that in what there would have been harm for them it they had been Given it, and from the yields in the mines ending up to a great valley flowing incessantly with abundant water, and he does not realise any way or trick in crossing it, and from behind it are the likes of the mountains of silver.
تَفَكَّرِ الْآنَ فِي هَذَا مِنْ تَدْبِيرِ الْخَالِقِ الْحَكِيمِ فَإِنَّهُ أَرَادَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ أَنْ يُرِيَ الْعِبَادَ قُدْرَتَهُ وَ سَعَةَ خَزَائِنِهِ لِيَعْلَمُوا أَنَّهُ لَوْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَمْنَحَهُمْ كَالْجِبَالِ مِنَ الْفِضَّةِ لَفَعَلَ لَكِنْ لَا صَلَاحَ لَهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ فَيَكُونُ فِيهَا كَمَا ذَكَرْنَا سُقُوطُ هَذَا الْجَوْهَرِ عِنْدَ النَّاسِ وَ قِلَّةُ انْتِفَاعِهِمْ بِهِ
Think now, regarding this from the arrangement of the Wise Creator, for He-azwj, Majestic is His-azwj Praise Intended to Show the servants His-azwj Power and the vastness of His-azwj treasures, for them to know that He-azwj, if He-azwj so Desires to Award them with the likes of mountains of silver, He-azwj can do so, but that would not be an any interest for them in that, because if it was to happen regarding these just as we-asws mentioned, this substance would fall in the presence of the people and there would be little of their benefits with it.
وَ اعْتَبِرْ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُ قَدْ يَظْهَرُ الشَّيْءُ الطَّرِيفُ مِمَّا يُحْدِثُهُ النَّاسُ مِنَ الْأَوَانِي وَ الْأَمْتِعَةِ فَمَا دَامَ عَزِيزاً قَلِيلًا فَهُوَ نَفِيسٌ جَلِيلٌ آخِذُ الثَّمَنِ فَإِذَا فَشَا وَ كَثُرَ فِي أَيْدِي النَّاسِ سَقَطَ عِنْدَهُمْ وَ خَسَتْ قِيمَتُهُ وَ نَفَاسَةُ الْأَشْيَاءِ مِنْ عِزَّتِهَا
And consider that, the things which appear as odd, from what the people innovate from the pots and the luggage, so as long as it is scarce, it would be precious, great in taking the price. But, when it is widespread and abundant in the hands of the people, its price drops in their presence and declines, and the preciousness of the things is from their esteem.
فَكِّرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ فِي هَذَا النَّبَاتِ وَ مَا فِيهِ مِنْ ضُرُوبِ الْمَآرِبِ فَالثِّمَارُ لِلْغِذَاءِ وَ الْأَتْبَانُ لِلْعَلَفِ وَ الْحَطَبُ لِلْوُقُودِ وَ الْخَشَبُ لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ مِنْ أَنْوَاعِ النِّجَارَةِ وَ غَيْرِهَا وَ اللِّحَاءُ وَ الْوَرَقُ وَ الْأُصُولُ وَ الْعُرُوقُ وَ الصُّمُوغُ لِضُرُوبٍ مِنَ الْمَنَافِعِ
Think, O Mufazzal, regarding this vegetation and what is therein from the variety of the purposes. The fruits are for the provision, and the fodder is for the feeds (of animals), and the firewood is for the igniting, and the timber is for everything from the types of carpentry etc. and the bark and the leaves and the roots and the gums are for a variety of benefits.
أَ رَأَيْتَ لَوْ كُنَّا نَجِدُ الثِّمَارَ الَّتِي نَغْتَذِي بِهَا مَجْمُوعَةً عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ وَ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَنْبُتُ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْأَغْصَانِ الْحَامِلَةِ لَهَا كَمْ كَانَ يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْنَا مِنَ الْخَلَلِ فِي مَعَاشِنَا وَ إِنْ كَانَ الْغِذَاءُ مَوْجُوداً فَإِنَّ الْمَنَافِعَ بِالْخَشَبِ وَ الْحَطَبِ وَ الْأَتْبَانِ وَ سَائِرِ مَا عَدَدْنَاهُ كَثِيرَةٌ عَظِيمٌ قَدْرُهَا جَلِيلٌ مَوْقِعُهَا هَذَا مَعَ مَا فِي النَّبَاتِ مِنَ التَّلَذُّذِ بِحُسْنِ مَنْظَرِهِ وَ نَضَارَتِهِ الَّتِي لَا يَعْدِلُهَا شَيْءٌ مِنْ مَنَاظِرِ الْعَالَمِ وَ مَلَاهِيهِ
What is your view, if we were to find the fruits which we feed with collected upon the surface of the earth, and did not happen to grow upon these branches laden with it, how much disturbance would have entered upon us in our lives, and even though the provision was existing, for the benefits of the timber and the firewood and the gums, and the rest of what is with us, is a lot, great is its worth, and abundant is its occurrence. This is with what is in the vegetation from the pleasure with the beauty of its looks and scenery, which nothing can be enumerated to it from the scenes of the world and its entertainment.
فَكِّرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ فِي هَذَا الرَّيْعِ الَّذِي جُعِلَ فِي الزَّرْعِ فَصَارَتِ الْحَبَّةُ الْوَاحِدَةُ تُخَلِّفُ مِائَةَ حَبَّةٍ وَ أَكْثَرَ وَ أَقَلَّ وَ كَانَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْحَبَّةُ تَأْتِي بِمِثْلِهَا فَلِمَ صَارَتْ تَرِيعُ هَذَا الرَّيْعَ إِلَّا لِيَكُونَ فِي الْغَلَّةِ مُتَّسَعٌ لِمَا يُرَدُّ فِي الْأَرْضِ مِنَ الْبَذْرِ وَ مَا يَتَقَوَّتُ الزُّرَّاعُ إِلَى إِدْرَاكِ زَرْعِهَا الْمُسْتَقْبَلِ
Think, O Mufazzal, regarding this crop which is made to be in the farm, so the one seed leaves behind one hundred seeds, and more, and less. And would it be allowed that the seed should happen to come with the like of it? Why did a yield of this crop come to be, except for it to happen in abundance for what is wanted in the land from the sowing, and what would the farmers be growing to realise their crops for the future?
أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّ الْمَلِكَ لَوْ أَرَادَ عِمَارَةَ بَلَدٍ مِنَ الْبُلْدَانِ كَانَ السَّبِيلُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ أَهْلَهُ مَا يَبْذُرُونَهُ فِي أَرْضِهِمْ وَ مَا يَقُوتُهُمْ إِلَى إِدْرَاكِ زَرْعِهِمْ فَانْظُرْ كَيْفَ تَجِدُ هَذَا الْمِثَالَ قَدْ تَقَدَّمَ فِي تَدْبِيرِ الْحَكِيمِ فَصَارَ الزَّرْعُ يَرِيعُ هَذَا الرَّيْعَ لِيَفِيَ بِمَا يُحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ لِلْقُوتِ وَ الزِّرَاعَةِ
Do you not see that the king, if he wanted to build a city from the cities, would have to give his people what they would sow in their lands and what they would plant to realise their harvests? Therefore, look at how you find this example, which has preceded, regarding the arrangement of the Wise One-azwj. The plantation yields this crop to fulfil what is needed for sowing and cultivation.
وَ كَذَلِكَ الشَّجَرُ وَ النَّبْتُ وَ النَّخْلُ يَرِيعُ الرَّيْعَ الْكَثِيرَ فَإِنَّكَ تَرَى الْأَصْلَ الْوَاحِدَ حَوْلَهُ مِنْ فِرَاخِهِ أَمْراً عَظِيماً فَلِمَ كَانَ كَذَلِكَ إِلَّا لِيَكُونَ فِيهِ مَا يَقْطَعُهُ النَّاسُ وَ يَسْتَعْمِلُونَهُ فِي مَآرِبِهِمْ وَ مَا يُرَدُّ فَيُغْرَسُ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَ لَوْ كَانَ الْأَصْلُ مِنْهُ يَبْقَى مُنْفَرِداً لَا يُفْرِخُ وَ لَا يَرِيعُ لَمَا أَمْكَنَ أَنْ يُقْطَعَ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ لِعَمَلٍ وَ لَا لِغَرْسٍ ثُمَّ كَانَ إِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ آفَةٌ انْقَطَعَ أَصْلُهُ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْهُ خَلَفٌ
And similar to that is the tree, and the sprout, and the palm tree yielding a lot of crop, and you will see the one source around it from its siblings, a great matter. Why was it like that, except for it to happen in it what the people would cut it out and use it in their purposes and whatever is wanted, so it would be grown in the land? If the root from it had remained individually, not sprouting nor growing, it would be possible that something could be cut out from it for a work, or for planting, then it would be so that if an affliction would hit him, he would cut out its root, but there would be no replacement of it.
تَأَمَّلْ نَبَاتَ هَذِهِ الْحُبُوبِ مِنَ الْعَدَسِ وَ الْمَاشِ وَ الْبَاقِلَاءِ وَ مَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّهَا تَخْرُجُ فِي أَوْعِيَةٍ مِثْلِ الْخَرَائِطِ لِتَصُونَهَا وَ تَحْجُبَهَا مِنَ الْآفَاتِ إِلَى أَنْ تَشُدَّ وَ تَسْتَحْكِمَ كَمَا قَدْ تَكُونُ الْمَشِيمَةُ عَلَى الْجَنِينِ لِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى بِعَيْنِهِ
Contemplate on the growth of these grains, from the lentils, and the green beans, and the broad beans and what resembles that, for these come out in a container like the leaves in order to fortify these and veil these from the afflictions, until it is stronger and upright just as what is happening in the life of the foetus, for this meaning exactly.
فَأَمَّا الْبُرُّ وَ مَا أَشْبَهَهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَخْرُجُ مَدْرَجاً فِي قُشُورٍ صِلَابٍ عَلَى رُءُوسِهَا مِثَالُ الْأَسِنَّةِ مِنَ السُّنْبُلِ لِيَمْنَعَ الطَّيْرَ مِنْهُ لِيَتَوَفَّرَ عَلَى الزُّرَّاعِ
As for the wheat and what resembles it, it comes out layered in a solid crust upon their head like the teeth, from the ear (of corn), to prevent the bird from it, to be devoted upon the cultivation.
فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ أَ وَ لَيْسَ قَدْ يَنَالُ الطَّيْرُ مِنَ الْبُرِّ وَ الْحُبُوبِ قِيلَ لَهُ بَلَى عَلَى هَذَا قُدِّرَ الْأَمْرُ فِيهَا لِأَنَّ الطَّيْرَ خَلْقٌ مِنْ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ وَ قَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى لَهُ فِيمَا تُخْرِجُ الْأَرْضُ حَظّاً وَ لَكِنْ حُضِنَتِ الْحُبُوبُ بِهَذِهِ الْحُجُبِ لِئَلَّا يَتَمَكَّنَ الطَّيْرُ مِنْهَا كُلَّ التَّمَكُّنِ فَيَعْبَثَ فِيهَا وَ يُفْسِدَ الْفَسَادَ الْفَاحِشَ فَإِنَّ الطَّيْرَ لَوْ صَادَفَ الْحَبَّ بَارِزاً لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ يَحُولُ دُونَهُ لَأَكَبَّ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَنْسِفَهُ أَصْلًا
If a speaker was to say, ‘Or hasn’t the bird attained from the land and the grains?’ It would be said to him: ‘Yes, upon this Ordainment there is the Command in it, because the bird is a creature from the creatures of Allah-azwj, and Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted has Made a share to be for it in what the earth brings forth, but the grains have been incubated with these veils lest the bird is enabled from it with all ability, so it play in it and spoil the spoiling of the immoral ones, for if the bird were to come to the grain which was prominent, there being nothing upon it or around it to prevent it, it would leap upon it until it breaks its twig.
فَكَانَ يَعْرِضُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَبْشَمَ الطَّيْرُ فَيَمُوتَ وَ يَخْرُجَ الزَّرَّاعُ مِنْ زَرْعِهِ صِفْراً فَجُعِلَتْ عَلَيْهِ هَذِهِ الْوَقَايَاتُ لِتَصُونَهُ فَيَنَالَ الطَّائِرُ مِنْهُ شَيْئاً يَسِيراً يَتَقَوَّتُ بِهِ وَ يَبْقَى أَكْثَرُهُ لِلْإِنْسَانِ فَإِنَّهُ أَوْلَى بِهِ إِذْ كَانَ هُوَ الَّذِي كَدَحَ فِيهِ وَ شَقِيَ بِهِ وَ كَانَ الَّذِي يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ الطَّيْرُ
The exposure from that is that the bird would fall silent, and it would die, and the farmers would come out from their plantation with zero. Thus, these coasters had been Made to be upon it to fortify it, so the bird would only attain something small from it and live by it, and most of it would remain for the human being, for he is the foremost with it, when he is the one who toiled in it and worked with it, and he would be the one more needy to it that what the bird would be needy to.
تَأَمَّلِ الْحِكْمَةَ فِي خَلْقِ الشَّجَرِ وَ أَصْنَافِ النَّبَاتِ فَإِنَّهَا لَمَّا كَانَتْ تَحْتَاجُ إِلَى الْغِذَاءِ الدَّائِمِ كَحَاجَةِ الْحَيَوَانِ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا أَفْوَاهٌ كَأَفْوَاهِ الْحَيَوَانِ وَ لَا حَرَكَةٌ تَنْبَعِثُ بِهَا لِتَنَاوُلِ الْغِذَاءِ جُعِلَتْ أُصُولُهَا مَرْكُوزَةً فِي الْأَرْضِ لِتَنْزِعَ مِنْهَا الْغِذَاءَ فَتُؤَدِّيَهُ إِلَى الْأَغْصَانِ وَ مَا عَلَيْهَا مِنَ الْوَرَقِ وَ الثَّمَرِ
Contemplate on the wisdom in the creation of the tree and the types of growth, for these, when they are need to the perpetual provision, like the need of the animal, and there does not happen to be a mouth for it like the mouths of the animals, nor any movement to take with it to attain the provision, its roots have been Made to be affirmed in the ground to snatch the provision from it, and deliver it to the branches, and whatever is upon it from the leaves and the fruits.
فَصَارَتِ الْأَرْضُ كَالْأُمِّ الْمُرَبِّيَةِ لَهَا وَ صَارَتْ أُصُولُهَا الَّتِي هِيَ كَالْأَفْوَاهِ مُلْتَقِمَةً لِلْأَرْضِ لِتَنْزِعَ مِنْهَا الْغِذَاءَ كَمَا يُرْضِعُ أَصْنَافَ الْحَيَوَانِ أُمَّهَاتُهَا
Thus, the ground became like a mother nourishing it, and its roots became like its mouths squeezing the ground to snatch the provision from it, just as various animals breastfeed from their mothers.
أَ لَا تَرَى إِلَى عَمَدِ الْفَسَاطِيطِ وَ الْخِيَمِ كَيْفَ تَمُدُّ بِالْأَطْنَابِ مِنْ كُلِّ جَانِبٍ لِتَثْبُتَ مُنْتَصِبَةً فَلَا تَسْقُطَ وَ لَا تَمِيلَ فَهَكَذَا تَجِدُ النَّبَاتَ كُلَّهُ لَهُ عُرُوقٌ مُنْتَشِرَةٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُمْتَدَّةٌ إِلَى كُلِّ جَانِبٍ لِتُمْسِكَهُ وَ تُقِيمَهُ وَ لَوْ لَا ذَلِكَ كَيْفَ كَانَ يَثْبُتُ هَذَا النَّخْلُ الطِّوَالُ وَ الدَّوْحُ الْعِظَامُ فِي الرِّيحِ الْعَاصِفِ
Do you not look at the pillars of the pavilions and the tents how it is extended with the ropes from every side to affirm its standing, and it neither falls down nor does it lean? And this is how you find the growth, all of it having scattered veins (roots) in the ground extending to every side to hold it and stand it upright. And had it not been that, how would that this tall palm tree and the great trunk, been stabilised in the stormy wind?
فَانْظُرْ إِلَى حِكْمَةِ الْخِلْقَةِ كَيْفَ سَبَقَتْ حِكْمَةَ الصِّنَاعَةِ فَصَارَتِ الْحِيلَةُ الَّتِي تَسْتَعْمِلُهَا الصُّنَّاعُ فِي ثَبَاتِ الْفَسَاطِيطِ وَ الْخِيَمِ مُتَقَدِّمَةً فِي خَلْقِ الشَّجَرِ لِأَنَّ خَلْقَ الشَّجَرِ قَبْلَ صَنْعَةِ الْفَسَاطِيطِ وَ الْخِيَمِ أَ لَا تَرَى عَمَدَهَا وَ عِيدَانَهَا مِنَ الشَّجَرِ فَالصِّنَاعَةُ مَأْخُوذَةٌ مِنَ الْخِلْقَةِ
Look at the Wisdom of the creation, how it precedes the wisdom of the making, so the means which are utilised in the making in affirmed the pavilions and the tents, have been preceded in the creation of the tree, because the creation of the tree is before the making of the pavilions and the tents. Do you not see its pillar and its rods from the tree? The making is taken from the creation.
تَأَمَّلْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ خَلْقَ الْوَرَقِ فَإِنَّكَ تَرَى فِي الْوَرَقَةِ شِبْهَ الْعُرُوقِ مَبْثُوثَةً فِيهَا أَجْمَعَ فَمِنْهَا غِلَاظٌ مُمْتَدَّةٌ فِي طُولِهَا وَ عَرْضِهَا وَ مِنْهَا دِقَاقٌ تَتَخَلَّلُ الْغِلَاظَ مَنْسُوجَةٌ نَسْجاً دَقِيقاً مُعْجَماً لَوْ كَانَ مِمَّا يُصْنَعُ بِالْأَيْدِي كَصَنْعَةِ الْبَشَرِ لَمَا فُرِغَ مِنْ وَرَقِ شَجَرَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فِي عَامٍ كَامِلٍ وَ لَاحتِيجَ إِلَى آلَاتٍ وَ حَرَكَةٍ وَ عِلَاجٍ وَ كَلَامٍ
Contemplate, O Mufazzal, on the creation of the leaves, and you will see in the leaf resembling the veins transmitted in it collectively. From these are thick ones extended in their length and width, and from these are thin ones permeating the thick ones with a precise weakness collectively. If this had been made with hands like the making of a mortal, he would not have been free from a single leaf of a tree in one complete year, and he would be needy to tools, and movement, and treatment, and speech.
فَصَارَ يَأْتِي مِنْهُ فِي أَيَّامٍ قَلَائِلَ مِنَ الرَّبِيعِ مَا يَمْلَأُ الْجِبَالَ وَ السَّهْلَ وَ بِقَاعَ الْأَرْضِ كُلَّهَا بِلَا حَرَكَةٍ وَ لَا كَلَامٍ إِلَّا بِالْإِرَادَةِ النَّافِذَةِ فِي كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَ الْأَمْرِ الْمُطَاعِ
And it has become coming from Him-azwj, in a few days from the spring that fills the mountains, and the coasts, and spots of the earth, all of them without a movement, nor a speech, except by the Will being implemented in all things and the Command being obeyed.
وَ اعْرِفْ مَعَ ذَلِكَ الْعِلَّةَ فِي تِلْكَ الْعُرُوقِ الدِّقَاقِ فَإِنَّهَا جُعِلَتْ تَتَخَلَّلُ الْوَرَقَةَ بِأَسْرِهَا لِتَسْقِيَهَا وَ تُوصِلَ الْمَاءَ إِلَيْهَا بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْعُرُوقِ الْمَبْثُوثَةِ فِي الْبَدَنِ لِتُوصِلَ الْغِذَاءَ إِلَى كُلِّ جُزْءٍ مِنْهَا
And recognise, along with that, the reason regarding those thin leaves, for these had been Made to be within the leaf being captive by it, in order to quench it and deliver the water to it, being at the status of the veins transmitting in the body to deliver the food to every part of it.
وَ فِي الْغِلَاظِ مِنْهَا مَعْنًى آخَرُ فَإِنَّهَا تُمْسِكُ الْوَرَقَةَ بِصَلَابَتِهَا وَ مِتَانَتِهَا لِئَلَّا تَنْهَتِكَ وَ تَتَمَزَّقَ فَتَرَى الْوَرَقَةَ شَبِيهَةً بِوَرَقَةٍ مَعْمُولَةٍ بِالصَّنْعَةِ مِنْ خِرَقٍ قَدْ جُعِلَتْ فِيهَا عِيدَانٌ مَمْدُودَةٌ فِي طُولِهَا وَ عَرْضِهَا لِتَتَمَاسَكَ فَلَا تَضْطَرِبَ فَالصِّنَاعَةُ تَحْكِي الْخِلْقَةَ وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ لَا تُدْرِكُهَا عَلَى الْحَقِيقَةِ
And in the thick ones from these, there is another meaning, for the leaf is attached with its solidity and its robustness lest it wilts and ruptures. You see the leaf resembling a paper made with the making from perforations, and there has been Made in these supporting pillars in its length and its width to adhere, and it does not waver. The making tells of the creation and even if you do not realise it upon the reality.
فَكِّرْ فِي هَذَا الْعَجَمِ وَ النَّوَى وَ الْعِلَّةِ فِيهِ فَإِنَّهُ جُعِلَ فِي جَوْفِ الثَّمَرَةِ لِيَقُومَ مَقَامَ الْغَرْسِ إِنْ عَاقَ دُونَ الْغَرْسِ عَائِقٌ كَمَا يُحْرَزُ الشَّيْءُ النَّفِيسُ الَّذِي تَعْظُمُ الْحَاجَةُ إِلَيْهِ فِي مَوَاضِعَ أُخَرَ
Think, regarding the seeds and the cores, and the reason in it, for it has been Made to be inside the fruit to be standing in place of the sowing, being a hindrance besides the sowing hindrance, just as one safeguards the valuable thing which is of a greater need to in another place.
فَإِنْ حَدَثَ عَلَى الَّذِي فِي بَعْضِ الْمَوَاضِعِ مِنْهُ حَادِثٌ وُجِدَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ ثُمَّ بَعْدُ يُمْسِكُ بِصَلَابَتِهِ رَخَاوَةَ الثِّمَارِ وَ رِقَّتَهَا وَ لَوْ لَا ذَلِكَ لَتَشَدَّخَتْ وَ تَفَسَّخَتْ وَ أَسْرَعَ إِلَيْهِ الْفَسَادُ وَ بَعْضُهُ يُؤْكَلُ وَ يُسْتَخْرَجُ دُهْنُهُ فَيُسْتَعْمَلُ مِنْهُ ضُرُوبٌ مِنَ الْمَصَالِحِ وَ قَدْ تَبَيَّنَ لَكَ مَوْضِعُ الْإِرْبِ فِي الْعَجَمِ وَ النَّوَى
If there occurs an event in some of the places from it, it would be found in another place, then afterwards, it would adhere with its robustness, the softness of the fruits and their leaves. And, had it not been that, it would have broken and decayed and the spoiling would be quick to it. And some of it is eaten and its oil is extracted and utilised from it in various of the interests. And it has been explained to you the subject of the purposed in the seeds and the cores.
فَكِّرِ الْآنَ فِي هَذَا الَّذِي تَجِدُهُ فَوْقَ النَّوَاةِ مِنَ الرَّطْبَةِ وَ فَوْقَ الْعَجَمِ مِنَ الْعِنَبَةِ فَمَا الْعِلَّةُ فِيهِ وَ لِمَا ذَا يَخْرُجُ فِي هَذِهِ الْهَيْئَةِ وَ قَدْ كَانَ يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَكَانَ ذَلِكَ مَا لَيْسَ فِيهِ مَأْكَلٌ كَمِثْلِ مَا يَكُونُ فِي السَّرْوِ وَ الدُّلْبِ وَ مَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ فَلِمَ صَارَ يَخْرُجُ فَوْقَهُ هَذِهِ الْمَطَاعِمُ اللَّذِيذَةُ إِلَّا لِيَسْتَمْتِعَ بِهَا الْإِنْسَانُ
Think now, regarding this, which you find to be above the core of the date, and above the seed of the grape, what is the reason in it? And for what has it come out in this shape? And is has happened that it would happen to be in that place where there isn’t any eating, like what happens in the cypress and the sycamore, and what resembles that. Why did it come to be coming out above these tasty foods, except for the human being to enjoy with it?
فَكِّرْ فِي ضُرُوبٍ مِنَ التَّدْبِيرِ فِي الشَّجَرِ فَإِنَّكَ تَرَاهُ يَمُوتُ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ مَوْتَةً فَيَحْتَبِسُ الْحَرَارَةَ الْغَرِيزِيَّةَ فِي عُودِهِ وَ يَتَوَلَّدُ فِيهِ مَوَادُّ الثِّمَارِ ثُمَّ تَحْيَا وَ تَنْتَشِرُ فَتَأْتِيكَ بِهَذِهِ الْفَوَاكِهِ نَوْعاً بَعْدَ نَوْعٍ كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ إِلَيْكَ أَنْوَاعُ الْأَطْبِخَةِ الَّتِي تُعَالَجُ بِالْأَيْدِي وَاحِداً بَعْدَ وَاحِدٍ
Think regarding a variety of the arrangements in the tree, and you will see it dying a death during every year, and it withholds the precious heat in its wood and the materials of the fruits are born in it, then it revives and scatters and comes to you with these fruits, a type after a type, just as is brought to you types of cuisines which are treated by the hands, one after another.
فَتَرَى الْأَغْصَانَ فِي الشَّجَرِ تَتَلَقَّاكَ بِثِمَارِهَا حَتَّى كَأَنَّهَا تُنَاوِلُكَهَا عَنْ يَدٍ وَ تَرَى الرَّيَاحِينَ تَلَقَّاكَ فِي أَفْنَانِهَا كَأَنَّهَا تَجِيئُكَ بِأَنْفُسِهَا فَلِمَنْ هَذَا التَّقْدِيرُ إِلَّا لِمُقَدِّرٍ حَكِيمٍ وَ مَا الْعِلَّةُ فِيهِ إِلَّا تَفْكِيهُ الْإِنْسَانِ بِهَذِهِ الثِّمَارِ وَ الْأَنْوَارِ وَ الْعَجَبُ مِنْ أُنَاسٍ جَعَلُوا مَكَانَ الشُّكْرِ عَلَى النِّعْمَةِ جُحُودَ الْمُنْعِمِ بِهَا
And you see the branches in the tree giving you its fruits until as if it is giving to you from a hand. And you see the basil meeting you in its branch as if it is coming to you by itself. From whom is this Determination except the Wise Determinater? And what is the reason in it except the satisfaction of the human being with these fruits and the lights? And the wonder from a people who are making a place of the thanks upon the bounty, regarding the Bestower with it!
اعْتَبِرْ بِخَلْقِ الرُّمَّانَةِ وَ مَا تَرَى فِيهَا مِنْ أَثَرِ الْعَمْدِ وَ التَّدْبِيرِ فَإِنَّكَ تَرَى فِيهَا كَأَمْثَالِ التِّلَالِ مِنْ شَحْمٍ مَرْكُومٍ فِي نَوَاحِيهَا وَ حَبّاً مَرْصُوفاً رَصْفاً كَنَحْوِ مَا يُنْضَدُ بِالْأَيْدِي وَ تَرَى الْحَبَّ مَقْسُوماً أَقْسَاماً وَ كُلَّ قِسْمٍ مِنْهَا مَلْفُوفاً بِلَفَائِفَ مِنْ حُجُبٍ مَنْسُوجَةٍ أَعْجَبَ النَّسْجِ وَ أَلْطَفَهُ وَ قِشْرَهُ يَضُمُّ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ
Consider the creation of the pomegranate and you see in it from the effects of the deliberation and the arrangement, and you will see in it like the small hills of lubricant heaped up in its areas, and the seed are lined up in shelves like what the hands compose, and you see the seeds distributed in section, and every section from it is enveloped with an enveloping of veils woven with wondrous weaving and subtlety, and its crust conjoins the whole of it.
فَمِنَ التَّدْبِيرِ فِي هَذِهِ الصَّنْعَةِ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ حَشْوُ الرُّمَّانَةِ مِنَ الْحَبِّ وَحْدَهُ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْحَبَّ لَا يَمُدُّ بَعْضُهُ بَعْضاً فَجُعِلَ ذَلِكَ الشَّحْمُ خِلَالَ الْحَبِّ لِيَمُدَّهُ بِالْغِذَاءِ أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّ أُصُولَ الْحَبِّ مَرْكُوزَةٌ فِي ذَلِكَ الشَّحْمِ ثُمَّ لُفَّ بِتِلْكَ اللَّفَائِفِ لِتَضُمَّهُ وَ تُمْسِكَهُ فَلَا يَضْطَرِبَ وَ غُشِيَ فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ بِالْقِشْرَةِ الْمُسْتَحْصِنَةِ لِيَصُونَهُ وَ يُحْصِنَهُ مِنَ الْآفَاتِ
From the arrangement of this making is that it is not allowed to have the pomegranate filled with the seeds alone, and that is because the seed do not extend part of it to a part, so that lining has been Made in the midst of the seeds to extend the nourishment to it. Do you not see that the root of the seed is connected in the lining? Then these are wrapped with that wrapping to embrace it and hold it, so it does get disturbed, and there is a covering above that of the pure crust to fortify it and protect is from the calamities.
فَهَذَا قَلِيلٌ مِنْ كَثِيرٍ وَ هِيَ وَصْفُ الرُّمَّانِ وَ فِيهِ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ هَذَا لِمَنْ أَرَادَ الْإِطْنَابَ وَ التَّذَرُّعَ فِي الْكَلَامِ وَ لَكِنْ فِيمَا ذَكَرْتُ لَكَ كِفَايَةٌ فِي الدَّلَالَةِ وَ الِاعْتِبَارِ
So this is a little from a lot, and it is a description of the pomegranate, and in it is more than this for one who wants the enlargement and the assertion in the speech, but in what I-asws mentioned to you is sufficient regarding the evidence and the lesson.
فَكِّرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ فِي حَمْلِ الْيَقْطِينِ الضَّعِيفِ مِثْلَ هَذِهِ الثِّمَارِ الثَّقِيلَةِ مِنَ الدُّبَّاءِ وَ الْقِثَّاءِ وَ الْبِطِّيخِ وَ مَا فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ التَّدْبِيرِ وَ الْحِكْمَةِ فَإِنَّهُ حِينَ قُدِّرَ أَنْ يَحْتَمِلَ مِثْلَ هَذِهِ الثِّمَارَ جُعِلَ نَبَاتُهُ مُنْبَسِطاً عَلَى الْأَرْضِ وَ لَوْ كَانَ يَنْتَصِبُ قَائِماً كَمَا يَنْتَصِبُ الزَّرْعُ وَ الشَّجَرُ لَمَا اسْتَطَاعَ أَنْ يَحْمِلَ مِثْلَ هَذِهِ الثِّمَارِ الثَّقِيلَةِ وَ لَيَنْقَصِفُ قَبْلَ إِدْرَاكِهَا وَ انْتِهَائِهَا إِلَى غَايَتِهَا
Think, O Mufazzal, regarding weak carrying the pumpkin like these heavy fruits, like the gourd, and the cucumbers, and the melons, and what is in that from the arrangement and the wisdom, for when it is Determined that it has to carry the like of these fruits, its growth is Made to be flat upon the ground; and had it been standing upright just as the plants and the trees, it would not have been able to carry the like of these heavy fruits, and would break before it matures and ends up to its peak.
فَانْظُرْ كَيْفَ صَارَ يَمْتَدُّ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ لِيُلْقِيَ عَلَيْهَا ثِمَارَهَا فَتَحْمِلَهَا عَنْهُ فَتَرَى الْأَصْلَ مِنَ الْقَرْعِ وَ الْبِطِّيخِ مُفْتَرِشاً لِلْأَرْضِ ثِمَارَهُ مَبْثُوثَةً عَلَيْهَا وَ حَوَالَيْهِ كَأَنَّهُ هِرَّةٌ مُمْتَدَّةٌ وَ قَدِ اكْتَنَفَتْهَا أَجْرَاؤُهَا لِتَرْضِعَ مِنْهَا
Look how it came to be extended upon the surface of the earth to cast its fruit upon it and it bears it, and you see the root of the pumpkin and the melon resting on the ground and its fruit lying upon it and around it as if it is a cat stretching out, and its vines are conducted to suckle these.
وَ انْظُرْ كَيْفَ صَارَتِ الْأَصْنَافُ تُوَافِي فِي وَقْتِ الْمُشَاكِلِ لَهَا مِنْ حَمَارَّةِ الصَّيْفِ وَ وَقْدَةِ الْحَرِّ فَتَلَقَّاهَا النُّفُوسُ بِانْشِرَاحٍ وَ تَشَوُّقٍ إِلَيْهَا وَ لَوْ كَانَتْ تُوَافِي فِي الشِّتَاءِ لَوَافَقَتْ مِنَ النَّاسِ كَرَاهَةً لَهَا وَ اقْشِعْرَاراً مِنْهَا مَعَ مَا يَكُونُ فِيهَا مِنَ الْمَضَرَّةِ لِلْأَبْدَانِ
Look at how the various types are co-incidental regarding the timing of these from the summer heat, and the power of the heat so it meets the souls which long for it. And if it had been co-incidental with the winter, it would have coincided with the abhorrence from the people towards it, and the most precious from it is what would happen during it from the illnesses of the bodies.
أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّهُ رُبَّمَا أَدْرَكَ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْخِيَارِ فِي الشِّتَاءِ فَيَمْتَنِعُ النَّاسُ مِنْ أَكْلِهِ إِلَّا الشَّرِهَ الَّذِي لَا يَمْتَنِعُ مِنْ أَكْلِ مَا يَضُرُّهُ وَ لْيَسْتَوْخِمْ مَغَبَّتَهُ
Do you not see, that sometimes one would come across something from the good in the winter, but the people are prevented from eating it, except for the evil which does not prevent one from eating what harms him, it would be his stupidity.
فَكِّرْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ فِي النَّخْلِ فَإِنَّهُ لَمَّا صَارَ فِيهِ إِنَاثٌ يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى التَّلْقِيحِ جُعِلَتْ فِيهِ ذُكُورَةٌ لِلِّقَاحِ مِنْ غَيْرِ غِرَاسٍ فَصَارَ الذَّكَرُ مِنَ النَّخْلِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الذَّكَرِ مِنَ الْحَيَوَانِ الَّذِي يُلْقِحُ الْإِنَاثَ لِتَحْمِلَ وَ هُوَ لَا يَحْمِلُ
Think, O Mufazzal, regarding the palm tree, for when there comes to be a female in it, would be in need to the pollination, there is made to be a male in it for the pollination from without a plant, and the male of the palm tree came to be at the status of the male from the animals which impregnate the female to become pregnant while he does not become pregnant.
تَأَمَّلْ خِلْقَةَ الْجِذْعِ كَيْفَ هُوَ فَإِنَّكَ تَرَاهُ كَالْمَنْسُوجِ نَسْجاً مِنْ غَيْرِ خُيُوطٍ مَمْدُودَةٍ كَالسَّدَى وَ أُخْرَى مَعَهُ مُعْتَرِضَةٌ كَاللُّحْمَةِ كَنَحْوِ مَا يُنْسَجُ بِالْأَيْدِي وَ ذَلِكَ لِيَشْتَدَّ وَ يَصْلُبَ وَ لَا يَنْقَصِفَ مِنْ حَمْلِ الْقِنْوَانِ الثَّقِيلَةِ وَ هَزِّ الرِّيَاحِ الْعَوَاصِبِ إِذَا صَارَ نَخْلَةً وَ لِيَتَهَيَّأَ لِلسُّقُوفِ وَ الْجُسُورِ وَ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا يُتَّخَذُ مِنْهُ إِذَا صَارَ جِذْعاً
Contemplate, O Mufazzal, on the creation of the trunk (of the palm tree), how it is, and you will see it like the woven fabric from without a thread spread out like the cell, and another with it cross-tied like the sideways, approximate to what is woven by the hands, and that is to tighten and solidify, and would not break from carrying the heavy bunch, and being shaken by the stormy wind when it comes to the palm tree, and to prepare it for the roofs and the bridges and other than that from what is taken from it, when it becomes a trunk.
وَ كَذَلِكَ تَرَى الْخَشَبَ مِثْلَ النَّسْجِ فَإِنَّكَ تَرَى بَعْضَهُ مُدَاخِلًا بَعْضاً طُولًا وَ عَرْضاً كَتَدَاخُلِ أَجْزَاءِ اللُّحَمِ وَ فِيهِ مَعَ ذَلِكَ مَتَانَةٌ لِيَصْلُحَ لِمَا يُتَّخَذُ مِنْهُ مِنَ الْآلَاتِ فَإِنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ مُسْتَحْصَفاً كَالْحِجَارَةِ لَمْ يُمْكِنْ أَنْ يُسْتَعْمَلَ فِي السُّقُوفِ وَ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا يُسْتَعْمَلُ فِيهِ الْخَشَبَةُ كَالْأَبْوَابِ وَ الْأَسِرَّةِ وَ التَّوَابِيتِ وَ مَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ
And similar to that you see the timber like the woven, and you will see part of it inside its length and its width like the insertion of a body part of the flesh, and in it, along with that, durability for an interest of what is taken from it from the tools, for if it had been solid like the rocks, it would not have been possible to utilise it in the roofs and other such from what the timber is used it, like the doors, and the house, and the coffins, and what resembles that.
وَ مِنْ جَسِيمِ الْمَصَالِحِ فِي الْخَشَبِ أَنَّهُ يَطْفُو عَلَى الْمَاءِ فَكُلُّ النَّاسِ يَعْرِفُ هَذَا مِنْهُ وَ لَيْسَ كُلُّهُمْ يَعْرِفُ جَلَالَةَ الْأَمْرِ فِيهِ فَلَوْ لَا هَذِهِ الْخَلَّةُ كَيْفَ كَانَتْ هَذِهِ السُّفُنُ وَ الْأَظْرَافُ تَحْمِلُ أَمْثَالَ الْجِبَالِ مِنَ الْحَمُولَةِ وَ أَنَّى كَانَ يَنَالُ النَّاسُ هَذَا الْوَفْقَ وَ خِفَّةَ الْمَئُونَةِ فِي حَمْلِ التِّجَارَاتِ مِنْ بَلَدٍ إِلَى بَلَدٍ وَ كَانَتْ تَعْظُمُ الْمَئُونَةُ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي حَمْلِهَا حَتَّى يُلْقَى كَثِيرٌ مِمَّا يُحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ فِي بَعْضِ الْبُلْدَانِ مَفْقُوداً أَصْلًا أَوْ عُسْراً وُجُودُهُ
And from great interest in the timber, it floats upon the water, and all the people recognise this from it, and all of them don’t recognise the majesty of the matter in it. If it had not been for this property, how would these ships and the glass carry the likes of the mountain from the loads, and the people could have attained this conformity and lightness, and comfort in carrying the trades from a city to a city? And the greatest assistance upon them is in carrying it until they come across a lot from what is needed to it in one of the cities, where it is already missing or difficult to find.
فَكِّرْ فِي هَذِهِ الْعَقَاقِيرِ وَ مَا خُصَّ بِهَا كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهَا مِنَ الْعَمَلِ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَدْوَاءِ فَهَذَا يَغُورُ فِي الْمَفَاصِلِ فَيَسْتَخْرِجُ الْفُضُولَ الْغَلِيظَةَ مِثْلَ الشَّيْطَرَجِ وَ هَذَا يَنْزِفُ الْمِرَّةَ السَّوْدَاءَ مِثْلَ الْأَفْتِيمُونِ وَ هَذَا يَنْفِي الرِّيَاحَ مِثْلَ السَّكْبِينَجِ وَ هَذَا يُحَلِّلُ الْأَوْرَامَ وَ أَشْبَاهِ هَذَا مِنْ أَفْعَالِهَا فَمَنْ جَعَلَ هَذِهِ الْقُوَى فِيهَا إِلَّا مَنْ خَلَقَهَا لِلْمَنْفَعَةِ
Think regarding these medicines and what has been specialised with each one of these, from the working is one of the cures. So, this depression in the joints, it takes out the thick waste like the herb ‘Al-Sheytraj’, and this detoxifies the gall bladder like the (herb) ‘Al-Efteymoun’, and this negates the wind like the (herb) ‘Al-Sakbinj’, and this reduce the swelling and the likes of this from its deeds. Who Made this strength in these except One-azwj Who Created it for the benefits?
وَ مَنْ فَطَّنَ النَّاسَ بِهَا إِلَّا مَنْ جَعَلَ هَذَا فِيهَا وَ مَتَى كَانَ يُوقَفُ عَلَى هَذَا مِنْهَا بِالْعَرَضِ وَ الِاتِّفَاقِ كَمَا قَالَ قَائِلُونَ وَ هَبِ الْإِنْسَانُ فَطَنَ لِهَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءِ بِذِهْنِهِ وَ لَطِيفِ رَوِيَّتِهِ وَ تَجَارِبِهِ فَالْبَهَائِمُ كَيْفَ فَطَنَتْ لَهَا حَتَّى صَارَ بَعْضُ السِّبَاعِ يَتَدَاوَى مِنْ جِرَاحَةٍ إِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ بِبَعْضِ الْعَقَاقِيرِ فَيَبْرَأُ وَ بَعْضُ الطَّيْرِ يَحْتَقِنُ مِنَ الْحُصْرِ يُصِيبُهُ بِمَاءِ الْبَحْرِ فَيَسْلَمُ وَ أَشْبَاهُ هَذَا كَثِيرٌ
And Who is conscious of the people with it, except One-azwj Who Made this to be in it? And when would one pause upon this from it with the objection, and (claim) the perfection as the speakers are saying? The human being has been Gifted the cleverness for these things with his mind, and the subtleness of his seeing, and experimentation, but how is the discernment of the animals to it until one of the lions would treat itself from its injuries if being hit, with some of the medicines, and it is cured? And some of the bird is saved from the injury by pouring with the water of the sea, so it is safe? And the likes of this are many.
وَ لَعَلَّكَ تُشَكِّكُ فِي هَذَا النَّبَاتِ النَّابِتِ فِي الصَّحَارِي وَ الْبَرَارِي حَيْثُ لَا أُنْسَ وَ لَا أَنِيسَ فَتَظُنُّ أَنَّهُ فَضْلٌ لَا حَاجَةَ إِلَيْهِ وَ لَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ بَلْ هُوَ طُعْمٌ لِهَذِهِ الْوُحُوشِ وَ حَبُّهُ عَلَفٌ لِلطَّيْرِ وَ عُودُهُ وَ أَفْنَانُهُ حَطَبٌ فَيَسْتَعْمِلُهُ النَّاسُ وَ فِيهِ بَعْدُ أَشْيَاءُ تُعَالَجُ بِهِ الْأَبْدَانُ وَ أُخْرَى تُدْبَغُ بِهِ الْجُلُودُ وَ أُخْرَى تُصْبَغُ بِهِ الْأَمْتِعَةُ وَ أَشْبَاهُ هَذَا مِنَ الْمَصَالِحِ
And perhaps you doubt in these plants growing in the deserts and the prairies, where there is neither any people nor any companions, so you think that it is a waste, there being no need to it. And it isn’t like that, but it is a food for these wild animals, and its seeds are a feed for the birds, and its stalks and its branches are firewood, and the people utilise these. And in it, afterwards, are things to heal the bodies with, and another to tan the skins with, and another to dye the luggage with, and the likes of this from the interests.
أَ لَسْتَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ أَخَسَّ النَّبَاتِ وَ أَحْقَرَهُ هَذَا الْبَرْدِيُ وَ مَا أَشْبَهَهَا فَفِيهَا مَعَ هَذَا مِنْ ضُرُوبِ الْمَنَافِعِ فَقَدْ يُتَّخَذُ مِنَ الْبَرْدِيِّ الْقَرَاطِيسُ الَّتِي يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهَا الْمُلُوكُ وَ السُّوقَةُ وَ الْحُصُرُ الَّتِي يَسْتَعْمِلُهَا كُلُّ صِنْفٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَ لَيُعْمَلُ مِنْهُ الْغُلُفُ الَّتِي يُوقَى بِهَا الْأَوَانِي وَ يُجْعَلُ حَشْواً بَيْنَ الظُّرُوفِ فِي الْأَسْفَاطِ لِكَيْلَا تَعِيبَ وَ تَنْكَسِرَ وَ أَشْبَاهُ هَذَا مِنَ الْمَنَافِعِ
Don’t you know that the worst plant and its most despicable is this papyrus and what resembles it, and in these, along with this are a variety of benefits. The paper is taken from the papyrus which the kings and the ordinary people are needy to, and the mat which every type of the people utilises, and the glazing is made from this, which seals the pottery; and the filling is made to be between the gaps in the bowls lest they crack or break, and the likes of this from the benefits.
فَاعْتَبِرْ بِمَا تَرَى مِنْ ضُرُوبِ الْمَآرِبِ فِي صَغِيرِ الْخَلْقِ وَ كَبِيرِهِ وَ بِمَا لَهُ قِيمَةٌ وَ مَا لَا قِيمَةَ لَهُ وَ أَخَسُّ مِنْ هَذَا وَ أَحْقَرُهُ الزِّبْلُ وَ الْعَذِرَةُ الَّتِي اجْتَمَعَتْ فِيهَا الخَسَاسَةُ وَ النَّجَاسَةُ مَعاً وَ مَوْقِعُهَا مِنَ الزُّرُوعِ وَ الْبُقُولِ وَ الْخُضَرِ أَجْمَعُ الْمَوْقِعِ الَّذِي لَا يَعْدِلُهُ شَيْءٌ حَتَّى إِنَّ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْخُضَرِ لَا يَصْلُحُ وَ لَا يَزْكُو إِلَّا بِالزِّبْلِ وَ السَّمَادِ الَّذِي يَسْتَقْذِرُهُ النَّاسُ وَ يَكْرَهُونَ الدُّنُوَّ مِنْهُ
Therefore, take a lesson with what you see from a variety of the purposes in small creatures and its big ones, and with what there is a value for it and what has no value to it, and the worst from this and its most despicable is the droop and the excreta in which are gathered the nastiness and the filthiness both together, and its place from the cultivation and the legumes and the greenery (as fertiliser), and the gathering place to which nothing would return to it, to the extent that all things from the crops would not be healthy nor pure except by the waste and the fertiliser which the people find revolting and are abhorring to go near it.
وَ اعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مَنْزِلَةُ الشَّيْءِ عَلَى حَسَبِ قِيمَتِهِ بَلْ هُمَا قِيمَتَانِ مُخْتَلِفَتَانِ بِسُوقَيْنِ وَ رُبَّمَا كَانَ الْخَسِيسُ فِي سُوقِ الْمُكْتَسَبِ نَفِيساً فِي سُوقِ الْعِلْمِ فَلَا تَسْتَصْغِرِ الْعِبْرَةَ فِي الشَّيْءِ لِصِغَرِ قِيمَتِهِ فَلَوْ فَطَنُوا طَالِبُوا الْكِيمِيَاءِ لِمَا فِي الْعَذِرَةِ لَاشْتَرَوْهَا بِأَنْفَسِ الْأَثْمَانِ وَ غَالَوْا بِهَا
And know that the status of the thins isn’t upon its price, but these are two different prices in two markets, and sometimes the rubbish in a market for earning would be invaluable in a market of knowledge, therefore do not belittle the lesson in anything due to the smallness of its price, for it they are clever, they would seek the chemicals what is in the excreta and buy it with a high price and make it even more expensive’.
قَالَ الْمُفَضَّلُ وَ حَانَ وَقْتُ الزَّوَالِ فَقَامَ مَوْلَايَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ وَ قَالَ بَكِّرْ إِلَيَّ غَداً إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ فَانْصَرَفْتُ وَ قَدْ تَضَاعَفَ سُرُورِي بِمَا عَرَّفَنِيهِ مُبْتَهِجاً بِمَا آتَانِيهِ حَامِداً لِلَّهِ عَلَى مَا مَنَحَنِيهِ فَبِتُّ لَيْلَتِي مَسْرُوراً
Al-Mufazzal said, ‘And the time of midday arrived, so my Master-asws arose to (perform) the Salat and said: ‘Come early tomorrow, if Allah-azwj so Desires’. I left and my joy had multiplied with what he-asws had made me understand, glad with what I had been given, praising to Allah-azwj upon what I been inclined to, and I spent my night cheerfully’.
الْمَجْلِسُ الرَّابِعُ قَالَ الْمُفَضَّلُ فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْيَوْمُ الرَّابِعُ بَكَّرْتُ إِلَى مَوْلَايَ فَاسْتُوذِنَ لِي فَأَمَرَنِي بِالْجُلُوسِ فَجَلَسْتُ
The fourth gathering – Al-Mufazzal said, ‘When it was the fourth day, I went early to my Master-asws, and he-asws permitted for me and instructed me with the sitting, so I sat down.
فَقَالَ ع مِنَّا التَّحْمِيدُ وَ التَّسْبِيحُ وَ التَّعْظِيمُ وَ التَّقْدِيسُ لِلِاسْمِ الْأَقْدَمِ وَ النُّورِ الْأَعْظَمِ الْعَلِيِّ الْعَلَّامِ ذِي الْجَلَالِ وَ الْإِكْرَامِ وَ مُنْشِئِ الْأَنَامِ وَ مُفْتِي الْعَوَالِمِ وَ الدُّهُورِ وَ صَاحِبِ السِّرِّ الْمَسْتُورِ وَ الْغَيْبِ الْمَحْظُورِ وَ الِاسْمِ الْمَخْزُونِ وَ الْعِلْمِ الْمَكْنُونِ
He-asws said: ‘From us-asws is the Praise, and the Glorification, and the Magnification, and the Extolling Holiness for the most ancient Name, and the Magnificent Light, the Exalted, the Lofty, with the Majesty and the Honour, and Creator of the people, and Mufti (Fatwa issuer) of the world and the eras, and Master of the hidden secrets and the forbidden hidden matters, and the Treasured Name and the hidden Knowledge.
وَ صَلَوَاتُهُ وَ بَرَكَاتُهُ عَلَى مُبَلِّغِ وَحْيِهِ وَ مُؤَدِّي رِسَالَتِهِ الَّذِي ابْتَعَثَهُ بَشِيراً وَ نَذِيراً وَ داعِياً إِلَى اللَّهِ بِإِذْنِهِ وَ سِراجاً مُنِيراً لِيَهْلِكَ مَنْ هَلَكَ عَنْ بَيِّنَةٍ وَ يَحْيى مَنْ حَيَّ عَنْ بَيِّنَةٍ
And His-azwj Salawaat and His-azwj Blessings be upon the deliverer of His-azwj Revelation, and the conductor of His-azwj Message, Sent as a bearer of glad tidings and as a warner [33:45] And as one inviting to Allah by His Permission, and as an illuminating lamp [33:46] the ones to be destroyed from a clear proof and to Revive the ones to be revived from a clear proof [8:42].
فَعَلَيْهِ وَ عَلَى آلِهِ مِنْ بَارِئِهِ الصَّلَوَاتُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ وَ التَّحِيَّاتُ الزَّاكِيَاتُ النَّامِيَاتُ وَ عَلَيْهِ وَ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلَامُ وَ الرَّحْمَةُ وَ الْبَرَكَاتُ فِي الْمَاضِينَ وَ الْغَابِرِينَ أَبَدَ الْآبِدِينَ وَ دَهْرَ الدَّاهِرِينَ وَ هُمْ أَهْلُهُ وَ مُسْتَحِقُّهُ
Upon him-saww and upon his-saww Progeny-asws, from his-saww Creator be the goodly Salawaat, the compliments, the Purified caretakers, and upon him-saww and upon them-asws be the greetings, and the Mercy, and the Blessings, among the past ones, and the ancient ones, for ever and ever, and ages and ages, and they-asws are his-saww rightful family-asws.
قَدْ شَرَحْتُ لَكَ يَا مُفَضَّلُ مِنَ الْأَدِلَّةِ عَلَى الْخَلْقِ وَ الشَّوَاهِدِ عَلَى صَوَابِ التَّدْبِيرِ وَ الْعَمْدِ فِي الْإِنْسَانِ وَ الْحَيَوَانِ وَ النَّبَاتِ وَ الشَّجَرِ وَ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا فِيهِ عِبْرَةٌ لِمَنِ اعْتَبَرَ وَ أَنَا أَشْرَحُ لَكَ الْآنَ الْآفَاتِ الْحَادِثَةَ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَزْمَانِ الَّتِي اتَّخَذَهَا أُنَاسٌ مِنَ الْجُهَّالِ ذَرِيعَةً إِلَى جُحُودِ الْخَالِقِ وَ الْخَلْقِ وَ الْعَمْدِ وَ التَّدْبِيرِ
I-asws have expounded (illustrated) for you, O Mufazzal, from the evidence upon the creation and the testimonies upon the correctness of the arrangements, and the deliberation in the human being, and the animal, and the vegetation, and the tree and other than that, what is there in a lesson for one who considers, and now I-asws shall expound for you the calamities occurring in some of the eras which the people have taken it, out of ignorance, an excuse to reject the Creator, and the creation, and the deliberation, and the arrangement.
وَ مَا أَنْكَرَتِ الْمُعَطِّلَةُ وَ الْمَنَانِيَّةُ مِنَ الْمَكَارِهِ وَ الْمَصَائِبِ وَ مَا أَنْكَرُوهُ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ وَ الْفَنَاءِ وَ مَا قَالَهُ أَصْحَابُ الطَّبَائِعِ وَ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ كَوْنَ الْأَشْيَاءِ بِالْعَرَضِ وَ الِاتِّفَاقِ لَيَتَّسِعُ ذَلِكَ الْقَوْلُ فِي الرَّدِّ عَلَيْهِمْ قاتَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ أَنَّى يُؤْفَكُونَ
And what can the suspended old religious philosophers deny from the abhorrences, and the calamities, and what can they deny from the death, and the perishing, and what the companions (claiming) nature are saying, and ones who claim that the existence of the things being with the display, and the perfection, to widen that word in the rebuttal upon them May Allah Fight them! How deluded they are [9:30].
اتَّخَذَ أُنَاسٌ مِنَ الْجُهَّالِ هَذِهِ الْآفَاتِ الْحَادِثَةَ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَزْمَانِ كَمِثْلِ الْوَبَاءِ وَ الْيَرَقَانِ وَ الْبَرْدِ وَ الْجَرَادِ ذَرِيعَةً إِلَى جُحُودِ الْخَلْقِ وَ التَّدْبِيرِ وَ الْخَالِقِ فَيُقَالُ فِي جَوَابِ ذَلِكَ إِنَّهُ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ خَالِقٌ وَ مُدَبِّرٌ فَلِمَ لَا يَكُونُ مَا هُوَ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ هَذَا وَ أَفْظَعُ فَمِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَسْقُطَ السَّمَاءُ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ وَ تَهْوِيَ الْأَرْضُ فَتَذْهَبَ سُفْلًا وَ تَتَخَلَّفَ الشَّمْسُ عَنِ الطُّلُوعِ أَصْلًا وَ تَجِفَّ الْأَنْهَارُ وَ الْعُيُونُ حَتَّى لَا يُوجَدَ مَاءٌ لِلشَّفَةِ تُحَمَّ الْأَشْيَاءُ وَ تَفْسُدَ وَ يَفِيضَ مَاءُ الْبَحْرِ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ فَيَغْرِقَهَا
The people, out of ignorance, took these calamities occurring in some of the eras like the plague, and the jaundice, and the cold, and the locusts, as an excuse to rejecting the creation, and the arrangement, and the Creator. It would be said in answer to that: ‘If there does not happen to be a Creator, then why these do not happen more frequently than this and more terrible?’ From that is the falling of the sky upon the earth, and the perishing of the earth and going lower, and the delaying of the emergence of the sun from emerging originally, and drying up of the rivers and the springs until water cannot be found for the lips, and stalling of the winds until the things stagnate and spoil, and the overflowing of the water of the seas upon the ground, and drowning it.
ثُمَّ هَذِهِ الْآفَاتُ الَّتِي ذَكَرْنَاهَا مِنَ الْوَبَاءِ وَ الْجَرَادِ وَ مَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ مَا بَالُهَا لَا تَدُومُ وَ تَمْتَدُّ حَتَّى تَجْتَاحَ كُلَّ مَا فِي الْعَالَمِ بَلْ تَحْدُثُ فِي الْأَحَايِينِ ثُمَّ لَا تَلْبَثُ أَنْ تُرْفَعَ
Then, these calamities, which we-asws mentioned, from the plagues, and the locusts and what resembles that, what is the matter they don’t last and extend until they sweep across all what is in the world? But, these occur among the living beings, then they do not remain, and arise?
أَ فَلَا تَرَى أَنَّ الْعَالَمَ يُصَانُ وَ يُحْفَظُ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْأَحْدَاثِ الْجَلِيلَةِ الَّتِي لَوْ حَدَثَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ مِنْهَا كَانَ فِيهِ بَوَارُهُ وَ يُلْذَعُ أَحْيَاناً بِهَذِهِ الْآفَاتِ الْيَسِيرَةِ لِتَأْدِيبِ النَّاسِ وَ تَقْوِيمِهِمْ ثُمَّ لَا تَدُومُ هَذِهِ الْآفَاتُ بَلْ تَكْشِفُ عَنْهُمْ عِنْدَ الْقُنُوطِ مِنْهُمْ فَتَكُونُ وُقُوعُهَا بِهِمْ مَوْعِظَةً وَ كَشْفُهَا عَنْهُمْ رَحْمَةً
Do you not see that the world is maintained and protected from these abundant occurrences which if it were to occur upon a thing from these, there would be there in its ruination, and our lives are stung with these calamities by only a little, (this is in order) to discipline the people, and their correction? Then, these calamities do not last, but these are removed from them during the despair from them, for their occurrence with them to become a preaching, and their removal from them, a Mercy.
وَ قَدْ أَنْكَرَتِ الْمُعَطِّلَةُ مَا أَنْكَرَتِ الْمَنَانِيَّةُ مِنَ الْمَكَارِهِ وَ الْمَصَائِبِ الَّتِي تُصِيبُ النَّاسَ فَكِلَاهُمَا يَقُولُ إِنْ كَانَ لِلْعَالَمِ خَالِقٌ رَءُوفٌ رَحِيمٌ فَلِمَ يُحْدِثُ فِيهِ هَذِهِ الْأُمُورَ الْمَكْرُوهَةَ وَ الْقَائِلُ بِهَذَا الْقَوْلِ يَذْهَبُ بِهِ إِلَى أَنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَكُونَ عَيْشُ الْإِنْسَانِ فِي هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا صَافِياً مِنْ كُلِّ كَدَرٍ
The stubborn old religious philosophers denied what they denied of the abhorrence’s and the calamities which hit the people, and all of them are saying, ‘If there is a Creator for the world, Kind, Merciful, then whey does He-azwj Occur in it these abhorrent matters?’ And the speaker with this word is going with it to that it is befitting that there happens to be life of the human being in this world clear from every distress.
وَ لَوْ كَانَ هَكَذَا كَانَ الْإِنْسَانُ سَيَخْرُجُ مِنَ الْأَشَرِ وَ الْعُتُوِّ إِلَى مَا لَا يَصْلُحُ فِي دِينٍ وَ دُنْيَا كَالَّذِي تَرَى كَثِيراً مِنَ الْمُتْرَفِينَ وَ مَنْ نَشَأَ فِي الْجِدَةِ وَ الْأَمْنِ يَخْرُجُونَ إِلَيْهِ حَتَّى أَنَّ أَحَدَهُمْ يَنْسَى أَنَّهُ بَشَرٌ أَوْ أَنَّهُ مَرْبُوبٌ أَوْ أَنَّ ضَرَراً يَمَسُّهُ أَوْ أَنَّ مَكْرُوهاً يَنْزِلُ بِهِ أَوْ أَنَّهُ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَرْحَمَ ضَعِيفاً أَوْ يُوَاسِيَ فَقِيراً أَوْ يَرْثِيَ لِمُبْتَلًى أَوْ يَتَحَنَّنَ عَلَى ضَعِيفٍ أَوْ يَتَعَطَّفَ عَلَى مَكْرُوبٍ
And had it been like that, the human being would have come out from being care-free and arrogance to what is not correct in Religion and world like the one you see many of the rich ones grown up in luxury and the security coming out to, until one of them forgets that he is a mortal, or he is a servant (nor a Lord), or if a harm may touch him, or an abhorrence might descend with him, or it is Obligatory upon him that he mercies a weak one, or consoles a poor one, or laments to an afflicted one, or show affection to a weak one, or be helpful to a distressed one.
فَإِذَا عَضَّتْهُ الْمَكَارِهُ وَ وَجَدَ مَضَضَهَا اتَّعَظَ وَ أَبْصَرَ كَثِيراً مِمَّا كَانَ جَهِلَهُ وَ غَفَلَ عَنْهُ وَ رَجَعَ إِلَى كَثِيرٍ مِمَّا كَانَ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ وَ الْمُنْكِرُونَ لِهَذِهِ الْأُمُورِ الْمُوذِيَةِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الصِّبْيَانِ الَّذِينَ يَذُمُّونَ الْأَدْوِيَةَ الْمُرَّةَ الْبَشِعَةَ وَ يَتَسَخَّطُونَ مِنَ الْمَنْعِ مِنَ الْأَطْعِمَةِ الضَّارَّةِ وَ يَتَكَرَّهُونَ الْأَدَبَ وَ الْعَمَلَ وَ يُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَتَفَرَّغُوا لِلَّهْوِ وَ الْبِطَالَةِ
When the abhorrence bites him, and he feels its bite, he takes a preaching and sees a lot of what he had been ignorance of and heedless from, and returns to a lot of what had been Obligated upon him. And the deniers of these matters are at the status of the children who destroy the bitter, horrible medication, and get angry at being prevented from harmful foods, and they are abhorring the discipline and the work, and they are loving it if they could be freed for the playing and the idleness.
وَ يَنَالُوا كُلَّ مَطْعَمٍ وَ مَشْرَبٍ وَ لَا يَعْرِفُونَ مَا تُؤَدِّيهِمْ إِلَيْهِ الْبِطَالَةُ مِنْ سُوءِ النُّشُوءِ وَ الْعَادَةِ وَ مَا تُعْقِبُهُمُ الْأَطْعِمَةُ اللَّذِيذَةُ الضَّارَّةُ مِنَ الْأَدْوَاءِ وَ الْأَسْقَامِ وَ مَا لَهُمْ فِي الْأَدَبِ مِنَ الصَّلَاحِ وَ فِي الْأَدْوِيَةِ مِنَ الْمَنْفَعَةِ وَ إِنْ شَابَ ذَلِكَ بَعْضُ الْكَرَاهَةِ
And, they are taking every food and drink, and they are not understanding what the idleness is leading them towards, from the evil growth and habits, and what are the consequence of the tasty (but) harmful foods, from the diseases and the illnesses, and for is for them in the discipline from the correction, and in the medication from the benefits, even if some of that is mixed with the abhorrence.
فَإِنْ قَالُوا وَ لِمَ لَمْ يَكُنِ الْإِنْسَانُ مَعْصُوماً مِنَ الْمَسَاوِي حَتَّى لَا يَحْتَاجَ إِلَى أَنْ يَلْذَعَهُ بِهَذِهِ الْمَكَارِهِ قِيلَ إِذًا كَانَ يَكُونُ غَيْرَ مَحْمُودٍ عَلَى حَسَنَةٍ يَأْتِيهَا وَ لَا مُسْتَحِقٍّ لِلثَّوَابِ عَلَيْهَا
If they say, ‘And why did the human being not be infallible from the evil until he would not be needy to be stung by these abhorrence’s?’ It would be said: ‘When it was so, he would not happen to be praiseworthy upon a good deed he does, nor deserving of the Rewards upon these’.
فَإِنْ قَالُوا وَ مَا كَانَ يَضُرُّهُ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ مَحْمُوداً عَلَى الْحَسَنَاتِ مُسْتَحِقّاً لِلثَّوَابِ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَصِيرَ إِلَى غَايَةِ النَّعِيمِ وَ اللَّذَّةِ
If they say, ‘And what was the harm if he did not happen to be praiseworthy upon the good deeds, deserving of the Rewards, after he had come to be upon a peak of the bliss and the pleasures?’
قِيلَ لَهُمُ اعْرِضُوا عَلَى امْرِئٍ صَحِيحِ الْجِسْمِ وَ الْعَقْلِ أَنْ يَجْلِسَ مُنْعَماً وَ يُكْفَى كُلَّ مَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ بِلَا سَعْيٍ وَ لَا اسْتِحْقَاقٍ فَانْظُرُوا هَلْ تَقْبَلُ نَفْسُهُ ذَلِكَ
It would be said to them, ‘You are objecting upon a person of healthy body and it tells that he sits favoured and sufficed with all what he is needy to without any striving nor being deserving, then look, is that accepted to his self?
بَلْ سَتَجِدُونَهُ بِالْقَلِيلِ مِمَّا يَنَالُهُ بِالسَّعْيِ وَ الْحَرَكَةِ أَشَدَّ اغْتِبَاطاً وَ سُرُوراً مِنْهُ بِالْكَثِيرِ مِمَّا يَنَالُهُ بِغَيْرِ الِاسْتِحْقَاقِ وَ كَذَلِكَ نَعِيمُ الْآخِرَةِ أَيْضاً يَكْمُلُ لِأَهْلِهِ بِأَنْ يَنَالُوهُ بِالسَّعْيِ فِيهِ وَ الِاسْتِحْقَاقِ لَهُ
But, you will be finding him with a little from what he attains with the striving and the movement, of intense worth and joy from him, from what he attains without being deserving. And, similar to that are the Bounties of the Hereafter as well, being perfect for its rightful ones if they attain it with the striving with regards to it, and being deserving of it.
فَالنِّعْمَةُ عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ مُضَاعَفَةٌ بِأَنْ أُعِدَّ لَهُ الثَّوَابُ الْجَزِيلُ عَلَى سَعْيِهِ فِي هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا وَ جُعِلَ لَهُ السَّبِيلُ إِلَى أَنْ يَنَالَ بِسَعْيٍ وَ اسْتِحْقَاقٍ فَيَكْمُلَ لَهُ السُّرُورُ وَ الِاغْتِبَاطُ بِمَا يَنَالُهُ مِنْهُ
The Bounty upon the human being in this matter is a multiple, if the plentiful Rewards are counted for him upon his striving in this world, and there has been Made the way for him to attain with striving and being deserved, so that the joy and the worth would be perfect for him with what he would attain from it.
فَإِنْ قَالُوا أَ وَ لَيْسَ قَدْ يَكُونُ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَرْكَنُ إِلَى مَا نَالَ مِنْ خَيْرٍ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَا يَسْتَحِقُّهُ فَمَا الْحُجَّةُ فِي مَنْعِ مَنْ رَضِيَ أَنْ يَنَالَ نَعِيمَ الْآخِرَةِ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْجُمْلَةِ
If they say, ‘Or isn’t it so that there has happened to be from the people, one who inclines to what he attains from the good, and even if he was not deserving of it? So, what is the argument in preventing one who is pleased to attain the Bounties of the Hereafter in this manner?’
قِيلَ لَهُمْ إِنَّ هَذَا بَابٌ لَوْ صَحَّ لِلنَّاسِ لَخَرَجُوا إِلَى غَايَةِ الْكَلْبِ وَ الضَّرَاوَةِ عَلَى الْفَوَاحِشِ وَ انْتِهَاكِ الْمَحَارِمِ فَمَنْ كَانَ يَكُفُّ نَفْسَهُ عَنْ فَاحِشَةٍ أَوْ يَتَحَمَّلُ الْمَشَقَّةَ فِي بَابٍ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الْبِرِّ لَوْ وَثِقَ بِأَنَّهُ صَائِرٌ إِلَى النَّعِيمِ لَا مَحَالَةَ أَوْ مَنْ كَانَ يَأْمَنُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَ أَهْلِهِ وَ مَالِهِ مِنَ النَّاسِ لَوْ لَمْ يَخَافُوا الْحِسَابَ وَ الْعِقَابَ
It would be said to them: ‘In this matter, if it was correct for the people to be coming out to a peak of the greed and the ferocity upon the immoralities and violations of the sanctities, then who would have refrained his self from an immorality or bear the difficulties in a matter from the matters of the righteousness, if he was certain that he was inevitably going to the bliss? Or, who would have been safe upon himself, and his family, and his wealth from the people, if he they did not fear the Reckoning and the Punishment?
فَكَانَ ضَرَرُ هَذَا الْبَابِ سَيَنَالُ النَّاسَ فِي هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا قَبْلَ الْآخِرَةِ فَيَكُونُ فِي ذَلِكَ تَعْطِيلُ الْعَدْلِ وَ الْحِكْمَةِ مَعاً وَ مَوْضِعٌ لِلطَّعْنِ عَلَى التَّدْبِيرِ بِخِلَافِ الصَّوَابِ وَ وَضْعُ الْأُمُورِ غَيْرَ مَوَاضِعِهَا وَ قَدْ يَتَعَلَّقُ هَؤُلَاءِ بِالْآفَاتِ الَّتِي تُصِيبُ النَّاسَ فَتَعُمُّ الْبَرَّ وَ الْفَاجِرَ أَوْ يُبْتَلَى بِهَا الْبَرُّ وَ يَسْلَمُ الْفَاجِرُ مِنْهَا
So, the harm in this matter would be that the people would be attaining in this world before the Hereafter, and they would be becoming in that, crippling the justice and the wisdom both together, and placing the slander upon the arrangement with opposite to the correctness, and placing the matters in other than their (appropriate) places, and they have cherished with the calamities which hit the people prevailing upon the righteous ones and the immoral ones, or (if) the righteous are Tried by it and the immoral ones are safe from it.
فَقَالُوا كَيْفَ يَجُوزُ هَذَا فِي تَدْبِيرِ الْحَكِيمِ وَ مَا الْحُجَّةُ فِيهِ فَيُقَالُ لَهُمْ إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْآفَاتِ وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ تَنَالُ الصَّالِحَ وَ الطَّالِحَ جَمِيعاً فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ جَعَلَ ذَلِكَ صَلَاحاً لِلصِّنْفَيْنِ كِلَيْهِمَا
And they said, ‘How is this allowed in the arrangement of the Wise one, and what is the argument in it?’ It would be said to them, ‘These calamities, and even if they hit the righteous and the bad both together, Allah-azwj has Made that as a correction for both the types together.
أَمَّا الصَّالِحُونَ فَإِنَّ الَّذِي يُصِيبُهُمْ مِنْ هَذَا يَرُدُّهُمْ نِعَمَ رَبِّهِمْ عِنْدَهُمْ فِي سَالِفِ أَيَّامِهِمْ فَيَحْدُوهُمْ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الشُّكْرِ وَ الصَّبْرِ وَ أَمَّا الطَّالِحُونَ فَإِنَّ مِثْلَ هَذَا إِذَا نَالَهُمْ كَسَرَ شِرَّتَهُمْ وَ رَدَعَهُمْ عَنِ الْمَعَاصِي وَ الْفَوَاحِشِ
As for the righteous ones, that which hits them from this reminds them of the Bounties of their Lord-azwj with them in their bygone days, and that would guide them upon the thanks and the patience. And as for the bad ones, if the like of this comes to them, it cuts short their evil and returns them from the acts of disobedience and the immoralities (to become righteous).
وَ كَذَلِكَ يَجْعَلُ لِمَنْ سَلِمَ مِنْهُمْ مِنَ الصِّنْفَيْنِ صَلَاحاً فِي ذَلِكَ أَمَّا الْأَبْرَارُ فَإِنَّهُمْ يَغْتَبِطُونَ بِمَا هُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْبِرِّ وَ الصَّلَاحِ وَ يَزْدَادُونَ فِيهِ رَغْبَةً وَ بَصِيرَةً وَ أَمَّا الْفُجَّارُ فَإِنَّهُمْ يَعْرِفُونَ رَأْفَةَ رَبِّهِمْ وَ تَطَوُّلَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالسَّلَامَةِ مِنْ غَيْرِ اسْتِحْقَاقِهِمْ فَيَحُضُّهُمْ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الرَّأْفَةِ بِالنَّاسِ وَ الصَّفْحِ عَمَّنْ أَسَاءَ إِلَيْهِمْ
And similar to that, for the ones from them who were safe, from both types, He-azwj Made an interest to be in that. As for the righteous, they would be happy with what they would be upon from the righteousness and the correctness and they would be (desiring to have) increasing in it, desire and insight. And as for the immoral, they would be recognising a Clemency of their Lord-azwj, and its prolongation upon them with the safety from without their being deserving of it, therefore that would prompt them upon the mercy with the people, and the pardon of one who is evil to them.
وَ لَعَلَّ قَائِلًا يَقُولُ إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْآفَاتِ الَّتِي تُصِيبُ النَّاسَ فِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ فَمَا قَوْلُكَ فِيمَا يُبْتَلَوْنَ بِهِ فِي أَبْدَانِهِمْ فَيَكُونُ فِيهِ تَلَفُهُمْ كَمِثْلِ الْحَرَقِ وَ الْغَرَقِ وَ السَّيْلِ وَ الْخَسْفِ
And perhaps a speaker would be saying, ‘These calamities which hit the people in their wealth, so what is your-asws word in what they are being Tried with in their bodies, and their damage happening during it, like the burning, and the drowning, and the flood, and the submerging (of the ground)?’
فَيُقَالُ لَهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَعَلَ فِي هَذَا أَيْضاً صَلَاحاً لِلصِّنْفَيْنِ جَمِيعاً أَمَّا الْأَبْرَارُ فَلِمَا لَهُمْ فِي مُفَارَقَةِ هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا مِنَ الرَّاحَةِ مِنْ تَكَالِيفِهَا وَ النَّجَاةِ مِنْ مَكَارِهِهَا وَ أَمَّا الْفُجَّارُ فَلِمَا لَهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ تَمْحِيصِ أَوْزَارِهِمْ وَ حَبْسِهِمْ عَنِ الِازْدِيَادِ مِنْهَا
It would be said to them, ‘Allah-azwj Made an interest to be in this as well, for both the types together. As for the righteous, when there would be, during their separation from this world, the rest from its difficulties and salvation from its abhorrences. And as for the immoral, when there would be for them in that, the scrutiny of their burdens (of sins), and their being withheld from increasing these.
وَ جُمْلَةُ الْقَوْلِ أَنَّ الْخَالِقَ تَعَالَى ذِكْرُهُ بِحِكْمَتِهِ وَ قُدْرَتِهِ قَدْ يَصْرِفُ هَذِهِ الْأُمُورَ كُلَّهَا إِلَى الْخِيَرَةِ وَ الْمَنْفَعَةِ فَكَمَا أَنَّهُ إِذَا قَطَعَتِ الرِّيحُ شَجَرَةً أَوْ قَطَعَتْ نَخْلَةً أَخَذَهَا الصَّانِعُ الرَّفِيقُ وَ اسْتَعْمَلَهَا فِي ضُرُوبٍ مِنَ الْمَنَافِعِ فَكَذَلِكَ يَفْعَلُ الْمُدَبِّرُ الْحَكِيمُ فِي الْآفَاتِ الَّتِي تَنْزِلُ بِالنَّاسِ فِي أَبْدَانِهِمْ وَ أَمْوَالِهِمْ فَيُصَيِّرُهَا جَمِيعاً إِلَى الْخِيَرَةِ وَ الْمَنْفَعَةِ
And the total word is that the Creator, Exalted is His-azwj Mention, by His-azwj Wisdom, and His-azwj Determination, has Diverted all these matters to the good and the beneficial. Just as the wind breaks a tree or breaks a palm tree, the kind maker and utilises is in a variety of the benefits. Similar to that is what the Wise Arranger Does regarding the calamities, which descend with the people in their bodies, and their wealth, and He-azwj Makes these altogether to the good and the beneficial.
فَإِنْ قَالَ وَ لِمَ يَحْدُثُ عَلَى النَّاسِ قِيلَ لَهُ لِكَيْلَا يَرْكَنُوا إِلَى الْمَعَاصِي مِنْ طُولِ السَّلَامَةِ فَيُبَالِغَ الْفَاجِرُ فِي رُكُوبِ الْمَعَاصِي وَ يَفْتُرَ الصَّالِحُ عَنِ الِاجْتِهَادِ فِي الْبِرِّ فَإِنَّ هَذَيْنِ الْأَمْرَيْنِ جَمِيعاً يَغْلِبَانِ عَلَى النَّاسِ فِي حَالِ الْخَفْضِ وَ الدَّعَةِ
If a speaker says, ‘And why the occurrences upon the people?’ It would be said to him: ‘Lest they incline towards the acts of disobedience from the elongation of the safety so the immoral overdoes the indulgence in the acts of disobedience, and the righteous breaks from the struggling in the righteousness, for these two matters altogether overcome upon the people is a state of ease and rest.
وَ هَذِهِ الْحَوَادِثُ الَّتِي تَحْدُثُ عَلَيْهِمْ تَرْدَعُهُمْ وَ تُنَبِّهُهُمْ عَلَى مَا فِيهِ رُشْدُهُمْ فَلَوْ أُخْلُوا مِنْهُمَا لَغَلَوْا فِي الطُّغْيَانِ وَ الْمَعْصِيَةِ كَمَا عَلَى النَّاسِ فِي أَوَّلِ الزَّمَانِ حَتَّى وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْبَوَارُ بِالطُّوفَانِ وَ تَطْهِيرِ الْأَرْضِ مِنْهُمْ
And these occurrences which occur upon them, deter them and alter them upon what therein is their rightful guidance. If they were empty from them, they would exaggerate in the tyranny and the acts of disobedience, just as it was upon the people during the former eras until the ruination was Obligated upon them by the flood, and the cleansing of the earth from them.
وَ مِمَّا يَنْتَقِدُهُ الْجَاحِدُونَ لِلْعَمْدِ وَ التَّقْدِيرِ الْمَوْتُ وَ الْفَنَاءُ فَإِنَّهُمْ يَذْهَبُونَ إِلَى أَنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّاسُ مُخَلَّدِينَ فِي هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا مُبَرَّءِينَ مِنَ الْآفَاتِ فَيَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُسَاقَ هَذَا الْأَمْرُ إِلَى غَايَتِهِ فَيُنْظَرَ مَا مَحْصُولُهُ
And from what is being criticised by the rejecters of the deliberation, and the arrangement, the death, and the perishing, they are going to that it is befitting that the people happen to be immortal in this world, free from the calamities. It is befitting that this matter be ushered to its peak, and look at what it would achieve.
أَ فَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ كَانَ كُلُّ مَنْ دَخَلَ الْعَالَمَ وَ يَدْخُلُهُ يَبْقَوْنَ وَ لَا يَمُوتُ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ أَ لَمْ تَكُنِ الْأَرْضُ تَضِيقُ بِهِمْ حَتَّى تُعْوِزَهُمُ الْمَسَاكِنُ وَ الْمَزَارِعُ وَ الْمَعَاشُ
Do you not see, if it was such that everyone who had entered the world and would be entering it, would be remaining and not any one of them dying, would not the earth become constricted with them until there would be a lack of the dwellings, and the plantations, and the livelihoods?
فَإِنَّهُمْ وَ الْمَوْتُ يَفْنِيهِمْ أَوَّلًا أَوَّلًا يَتَنَافَسُونَ فِي الْمَسَاكِنِ وَ الْمَزَارِعِ حَتَّى يَنْشَبَ بَيْنَهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ الْحُرُوبُ وَ يُسْفَكَ فِيهِمُ الدِّمَاءُ فَكَيْفَ كَانَتْ تَكُونُ حَالُهُمْ لَوْ كَانُوا يُولَدُونَ وَ لَا يَمُوتُونَ
They, and the death would exterminate them first, firstly they would be competing regarding the dwellings and the plantations until the wars would erupt between them and the blood would be spilled among them. So, how would their state be if they were giving birth and not dying?
وَ كَانَ يَغْلِبُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْحِرْصُ وَ الشَّرَهُ وَ قَسَاوَةُ الْقُلُوبِ فَلَوْ وَثِقُوا بِأَنَّهُمْ لَا يَمُوتُونَ لَمَا قَنِعَ الْوَاحِدُ مِنْهُمْ بِشَيْءٍ يَنَالُ وَ لَا أَفْرَجَ لِأَحَدٍ عَنْ شَيْءٍ يَسْأَلُهُ وَ لَا سَلَا عَنْ شَيْءٍ مِمَّا يَحْدُثُ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ كَانُوا يَمَلُّونَ الْحَيَاةَ وَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ مِنْ أُمُورِ الدُّنْيَا كَمَا قَدْ يَمَلُّ الْحَيَاةَ مَنْ طَالَ عُمُرُهُ حَتَّى يَتَمَنَّى الْمَوْتَ وَ الرَّاحَةَ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا
And there would overcome upon them the greed, and the evil, and hardness of the hearts, and if they are certain that they would not be dying, not one of them would be content with anything he attains, nor release to anyone about anything he asks him for, nor pay any attention about anything from what would occur upon him. Then they would become fed up with the life and all things from the affairs of the world, just as one of long life tends to get fed up until he covets the death and the rest from the world.
فَإِنْ قَالُوا إِنَّهُ كَانَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُرْفَعَ عَنْهُمُ الْمَكَارِهُ وَ الْأَوْصَابُ حَتَّى لَا يَتَمَنَّوُا الْمَوْتَ وَ لَا يَشْتَاقُوا إِلَيْهِ فَقَدْ وَصَفْنَا مَا كَانَ يُخْرِجُهُمْ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الْعُتُوِّ وَ الْأَشَرِ الْحَامِلِ لَهُمْ عَلَى مَا فِيهِ فَسَادُ الدِّينِ وَ الدُّنْيَا
If they say, ‘It would be befitting if the abhorrence and the difficulties were to be raised from them until they do not covet the death, nor be desirous to it’, so we-asws have described what they would be coming out to, from the arrogance and the care-freeness, carrying them upon what therein is a corruption of the Religion and the world.
وَ إِنْ قَالُوا إِنَّهُ كَانَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ لَا يَتَوَالَدُوا كَيْلَا تَضِيقَ عَنْهُمُ الْمَسَاكِنُ وَ الْمَعَاشُ قِيلَ لَهُمْ إِذاً كَانَ يَحْرُمُ أَكْثَرُ هَذَا الْخَلْقِ دُخُولَ الْعَالَمِ وَ الِاسْتِمْتَاعَ بِنِعَمِ اللَّهِ وَ مَوَاهِبِهِ فِي الدَّارَيْنِ جَمِيعاً إِذَا لَمْ يَدْخُلِ الْعَالَمَ إِلَّا قَرْنٌ وَاحِدٌ لَا يَتَوَالَدُونَ وَ لَا يَتَنَاسَلُونَ
And if they say, ‘It would be befitting if they do not beget lets the dwelling and the livelihoods are constricted upon them’, it would be said to them: ‘Then most of these people would be prevented from entering the world and not enjoy the Bounties of Allah-azwj and His-azwj Gifts in the two worlds together if there do not enter the world except for one generation, neither begetting (children) nor reproducing’.
فَإِنْ قَالُوا كَانَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَخْلُقَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْقَرْنِ الْوَاحِدِ مِنَ النَّاسِ مِثْلَ مَا خَلَقَ وَ يَخْلُقُ إِلَى انْقِضَاءِ الْعَالَمِ يُقَالُ لَهُمْ رَجَعَ الْأَمْرُ إِلَى مَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنْ ضِيقِ الْمَسَاكِنِ وَ الْمَعَاشِ عَنْهُمْ ثُمَّ لَوْ كَانُوا لَا يَتَوَالَدُونَ وَ لَا يَتَنَاسَلُونَ لَذَهَبَ مَوْضِعُ الْأُنْسِ بِالْقَرَابَاتِ وَ ذَوِي الْأَرْحَامِ وَ الِانْتِصَارِ بِهِمْ عِنْدَ الشَّدَائِدِ وَ مَوْضِعُ تَرْبِيَةِ الْأَوْلَادِ وَ السُّرُورِ بِهِمْ
If they said, ‘It would have been befitting if He-azwj had Created in that one generation the like of what He-azwj Creates, and Creates up to the expiration of the world’. It would be said to them: ‘Return the matter to what we-asws mentioned from the constriction of the dwellings and the livelihoods from them’. Then, if they are neither begetting nor reproducing, the place of the love for the relatives and ones with sanctity and the helping them would go away during the difficulties, and the place of upbringing of the children and the joy with them.
فَفِي هَذَا دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ كُلَّ مَا تَذْهَبُ إِلَيْهِ الْأَوْهَامُ سِوَى مَا جَرَى بِهِ التَّدْبِيرُ خَطَأٌ وَ سَفَاهٌ مِنَ الرَّأْيِ وَ الْقَوْلِ
And in this there is evidence upon that everywhere the imaginations go to, evil is what the arrangement flows with, being a mistake and foolishness from the opinion and the (presented) word.
وَ لَعَلَّ طَاعِناً يَطْعُنُ عَلَى التَّدْبِيرِ مِنْ جِهَةٍ أُخْرَى فَيَقُولُ كَيْفَ يَكُونُ هَاهُنَا تَدْبِيرٌ وَ نَحْنُ نَرَى النَّاسَ فِي هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا مَنْ عَزَّ بَزَّ فَالْقَوِيُّ يَظْلِمُ وَ يَغْصِبُ وَ الضَّعِيفُ يُظْلَمُ وَ يَسْأَمُ الْخَسْفَ وَ الصَّالِحُ فَقِيرٌ مُبْتَلًى وَ الْفَاسِقُ مُعَافًى مُوَسَّعٌ عَلَيْهِ وَ مَنْ رَكِبَ فَاحِشَةً أَوِ انْتَهَكَ مُحَرَّماً لَمْ يُعَاجَلْ بِالْعُقُوبَةِ
And perhaps a slandering one would slander upon the arrangement from another angle, and he would be saying, ‘How can an arrangement happen to be over here, and we see the people in this world from corruption? The strong oppresses and usurps, and the weak would be oppressed and be desolated as the debris, and the righteous would be poor, afflicted, and the mischief maker would be healthy and extended upon, and one who indulges in immoralities or violates a sanctity would not be hastened with the punishment.
فَلَوْ كَانَ فِي الْعَالَمِ تَدْبِيرٌ لَجَرَتِ الْأُمُورُ عَلَى الْقِيَاسِ الْقَائِمِ فَكَانَ الصَّالِحُ هُوَ الْمَرْزُوقَ وَ الطَّالِحُ هُوَ الْمَحْرُومَ وَ كَانَ الْقَوِيُّ يُمْنَعُ مِنْ ظُلْمِ الضَّعِيفِ وَ الْمُتَهَتِّكُ لِلْمَحَارِمِ يُعَاجَلُ بِالْعُقُوبَةِ
If there was an arrangement in the world, the matters would flow upon the existing measurement. The righteous would be sustained, and the wicked would be deprived, and the strong would be prevented from oppressing the weak, and the violator of the sanctities would be hastened with the punishment.
فَيُقَالُ فِي جَوَابِ ذَلِكَ إِنَّ هَذَا لَوْ كَانَ هَكَذَا لَذَهَبَ مَوْضِعُ الْإِحْسَانِ الَّذِي فُضِّلَ بِهِ الْإِنْسَانُ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ مِنَ الْخَلْقِ وَ حَمْلِ النَّفْسِ عَلَى الْبِرِّ وَ الْعَمَلِ الصَّالِحِ احْتِسَاباً لِلثَّوَابِ وَ ثِقَةً بِمَا وَعَدَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ وَ لَصَارَ النَّاسُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الدَّوَابِّ الَّتِي تُسَاسُ بِالْعَصَا وَ الْعَلَفِ وَ يُلْمَعُ لَهَا بِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا سَاعَةً فَسَاعَةً فَتَسْتَقِيمُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ
It would be said in answer to that: ‘If this had been like that, the matter of favouring would go away, which the human being graces upon others from the creatures, and carry the self upon the righteousness and the righteous deeds in anticipation of the Rewards, and be certain with what Allah-azwj has Prepared from it. And, the people would become at the status of the animals which are tethered with the forage and the fodder and allude to it with a time for each one of them, and the time would be divided upon that.
وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدٌ يَعْمَلُ عَلَى يَقِينٍ بِثَوَابٍ أَوْ عِقَابٍ حَتَّى كَانَ هَذَا يُخْرِجُهُمْ عَنْ حَدِّ الْإِنْسِيَّةِ إِلَى حَدِّ الْبَهَائِمِ ثُمَّ لَا يَعْرِفُ مَا غَابَ وَ لَا يَعْمَلُ إِلَّا عَلَى الْحَاضِرِ وَ كَانَ يَحْدُثُ مِنْ هَذَا أَيْضاً أَنْ يَكُونَ الصَّالِحُ إِنَّمَا يَعْمَلُ الصَّالِحَاتِ لِلرِّزْقِ وَ السَّعَةِ فِي هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا
And no one would become working upon a certainty with a Reward or a Punishment until this had exited them from a limit of humanity to a limit of the beasts. Then he would not recognise what is hidden, nor work except based upon the present. And what would occur from this as well, is that the righteous one would rather happen to be working the righteous deeds for the sustenance and the capaciousness in this world.
وَ يَكُونَ الْمُمْتَنِعُ مِنَ الظُّلْمِ وَ الْفَوَاحِشِ إِنَّمَا يَعِفُّ عَنْ ذَلِكَ لِتَرَقُّبِ عُقُوبَةٍ تَنْزِلُ بِهِ مِنْ سَاعَتِهِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ أَفْعَالُ النَّاسِ كُلُّهَا تَجْرِي عَلَى الْحَاضِرِ لَا يَشُوبُهَا شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْيَقِينِ بِمَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَ لَا يَسْتَحِقُّونَ ثَوَابَ الْآخِرَةِ وَ النَّعِيمَ الدَّائِمَ فِيهَا
And the one preventing from the injustice and the immoralities would rather become excuse from that due to the nearness of a Punishment which would befall with him straight away, to the extent that the deeds of the human beings would all come to be flowing upon the present, not mingles with anything from the certainty with what is in the Presence of Allah-azwj, nor would they be deserving of the Rewards of the Hereafter, and the perpetual Bliss therein.
مَعَ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْأُمُورَ الَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا الطَّاعِنُ مِنَ الْغِنَى وَ الْفَقْرِ وَ الْعَافِيَةِ وَ الْبَلَاءِ لَيْسَتْ بِجَارِيَةٍ عَلَى خِلَافِ قِيَاسِهِ بَلْ قَدْ تَجْرِي عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَحْيَاناً وَ الْأَمْرُ الْمَفْهُومُ فَقَدْ تَرَى كَثِيراً مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ يُرْزَقُونَ الْمَالَ لِضُرُوبٍ مِنَ التَّدْبِيرِ وَ كَيْلَا يَسْبِقَ إِلَى قُلُوبِ النَّاسِ أَنَّ الْكُفَّارَ هُمُ الْمَرْزُوقُونَ وَ الْأَبْرَارَ هُمُ الْمَحْرُومُونَ فيؤثرون [فَيُؤْثِرُوا] الْفِسْقَ عَلَى الصَّلَاحِ
Along with this is that these matters, which the wicked have mentioned, from the richness and the poverty, and the health and the afflictions, aren’t flowing upon opposite to the measurement, but our lives have flowed upon that, and the matter is understandable. You have seen many of the righteous ones being Graced the wealth for a variety of the arrangements, and lest it precedes to the hearts of the people at the Kafirs, they are the Graced ones, and the righteous ones, they are the deprives ones, so they would be preferring the immoralities over the righteousness.
وَ تَرَى كَثِيراً مِنَ الْفُسَّاقِ يُعَاجَلُونَ بِالْعُقُوبَةِ إِذَا تَفَاقَمَ طُغْيَانُهُمْ وَ عَظُمَ ضَرَرُهُمْ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ كَمَا عُوجِلَ فِرْعَوْنُ بِالْغَرَقِ وَ بُخْتَنَصَّرُ بِالتِّيهِ وَ بُلْبَيْسُ بِالْقَتْلِ وَ إِنْ أُمْهِلَ بَعْضُ الْأَشْرَارِ بِالْعُقُوبَةِ وَ أُخِّرَ بَعْضُ الْأَخْيَارِ بِالثَّوَابِ إِلَى الدَّارِ الْآخِرَةِ لِأَسْبَابٍ تَخْفَى عَلَى الْعِبَادِ
And you see a lot of the immoral ones being hastened with the Punishment when their tyranny is aggravated, and their harm is grievous upon the people and upon themselves, just as Pharaoh-la was hastened with the drowning, and Bakht Nasr with retaliation, and Bilbees with the killing, and that some of the evils ones are respited with the Punishment, and some of the good ones are delayed with the Rewards up to the Hereafter for causes hidden upon the servants.
لَمْ يَكُنْ هَذَا مِمَّا يُبْطِلُ التَّدْبِيرَ فَإِنَّ مِثْلَ هَذَا قَدْ يَكُونُ مِنْ مُلُوكِ الْأَرْضِ وَ لَا يُبْطِلُ تَدْبِيرَهُمْ بَلْ يَكُونُ تَأْخِيرُهُمْ مَا أَخَّرُوهُ أَوْ تَعْجِيلُهُمْ مَا عَجَّلُوهُ دَاخِلًا فِي صَوَابِ الرَّأْيِ وَ التَّدْبِيرِ وَ إِذَا كَانَتِ الشَّوَاهِدُ تَشْهَدُ وَ قِيَاسُهُمْ يُوجِبُ أَنَّ لِلْأَشْيَاءِ خَالِقاً حَكِيماً قَادِراً
This does not become invalidating the arrangement, for the likes of this have happened from the kings of the earth and it did not invalidate their arrangements. But, their delays what they are delayed of, or their hastening of what is hastened happens to be included in the correctness of the citizens and the arrangements. And when the evidence is attested, and their measurements obligate that for the things, there is a Creator, Wise, Able.
فَمَا يَمْنَعُهُ أَنْ يُدَبِّرَ خَلْقَهُ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَصِحُّ فِي قِيَاسِهِمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ الصَّانِعُ يُهْمِلُ صَنَعْتَهُ إِلَّا بِإِحْدَى ثَلَاثِ خِلَالٍ إِمَّا عَجْزٍ وَ إِمَّا جَهْلٍ وَ إِمَّا شَرَارَةٍ وَ كُلُّ هَذِهِ مُحَالٌ فِي صَنَعْتِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ تَعَالَى ذِكْرُهُ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْعَاجِزَ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ بِهَذِهِ الْخَلَائِقِ الْجَلِيلَةِ الْعَجِيبَةِ وَ الْجَاهِلَ لَا يَهْتَدِي لِمَا فِيهَا مِنَ الصَّوَابِ وَ الْحِكْمَةِ وَ الشَّرِيرَ لَا يَتَطَاوَلُ لِخَلْقِهَا وَ إِنْشَائِهَا
What prevents it that He-azwj Manages His-azwj creation, for it is not correct in their estimation that the maker would happen to be carrying his manufacture/working except by one of the three manners – either frustration, or ignorance, or evil. And all these are impossible in the Making by the Mighty and Majestic, Exalted is His-azwj Mention, and that is because the frustrated one is bot able to come with these creations, the majestic, the wondrous; and the ignorant one cannot guide to what therein is the correctness and the wisdom, and the evil one does not go on to create it and build it.
وَ إِذَا كَانَ هَذَا هَكَذَا وَجَبَ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْخَالِقُ لِهَذِهِ الْخَلَائِقِ يُدَبِّرُهَا لَا مَحَالَةَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَا تُدْرَكُ كُنْهُ ذَلِكَ التَّدْبِيرِ وَ مَخَارِجُهُ فَإِنَّ كَثِيراً مِنْ تَدْبِيرِ الْمُلُوكِ لَا تَفْهَمُهُ الْعَامَّةُ وَ لَا تَعْرِفُ أَسْبَابَهُ لِأَنَّهَا لَا تَعْرِفُ دَخْلَةَ أَمْرِ الْمُلُوكِ وَ أَسْرَارَهُمْ فَإِذَا عُرِفَ سَبَبَهُ وُجِدَ قَائِماً عَلَى الصَّوَابِ وَ الشَّاهِدُ الْمِحْنَةُ
And when it was like this, it obligates that there happens to be a Creator for these creations, inevitably Managing, and even if you cannot realise the essence of that arrangement and its exits, for a long from the arrangements of the kings are such that the general people do not understand it and do not recognise its reasons, because they do not understand the inner matters of the kings and their secrets. When its cause is recognised, it would be found to be standing upon the correctness, and the ordeal would be witnessed.
وَ لَوْ شَكَكْتَ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَدْوِيَةِ وَ الْأَطْعِمَةِ فَيَتَبَيَّنُ لَكَ مِنْ جِهَتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثٍ أَنَّهُ حَارٌّ أَوْ بَارِدٌ أَ لَمْ تَكُنْ سَتَقْضِي عَلَيْهِ بِذَلِكَ وَ تَنْفِي الشَّكَّ فِيهِ عَنْ نَفْسِكَ فَمَا بَالُ هَؤُلَاءِ الْجَهَلَةِ لَا يَقْضُونَ عَلَى الْعَالَمِ بِالْخَالِقِ وَ التَّدْبِيرِ مَعَ هَذِهِ الشَّوَاهِدِ الْكَثِيرَةِ وَ أَكْثَرُ مِنْهَا مَا لَا يُحْصَى كَثْرَةً
And if you were to doubt regarding some of the medicines and the foods, and it is explained to you from two aspects or three that it is hot, or cold, would you not happen to judge upon it with that and negate the doubt with regards to it from yourself? What is the matter with those ignoramuses not judging upon the world being with a Creator and the arrangement, along with these abundant evidences? And a lot of these cannot even be counted due to their abundance.
لَوْ كَانَ نِصْفُ الْعَالَمِ وَ مَا فِيهِ مُشْكِلًا صَوَابُهُ لَمَا كَانَ مِنْ حَزْمِ الرَّأْيِ وَ سَمْتِ الْأَدَبِ أَنْ يُقْضَى عَلَى الْعَالَمِ بِالْإِهْمَالِ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي النِّصْفِ الْآخَرِ وَ مَا يَظْهَرُ فِيهِ مِنَ الصَّوَابِ وَ الْإِتْقَانِ مَا يَرْدَعُ الْوَهْمَ عَنِ التَّسَرُّعِ إِلَى هَذِهِ الْقَضِيَّةِ
If it was so that half the world and whatever is in it was obscured of its correctness, how could have the one with a bunch of opinions and ways of literature judged upon the world being with the chaos, because he would be in the other half and what appears in it from the correctness and the perfection what would have deterred the imagination from the quickness to these judgments.
فَكَيْفَ وَ كُلُّ مَا كَانَ فِيهِ إِذَا فُتِّشَ وُجِدَ عَلَى غَايَةِ الصَّوَابِ حَتَّى لَا يَخْطُرُ بِالْبَالِ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا وُجِدَ مَا عَلَيْهِ الْخِلْقَةُ أَصَحَّ وَ أَصْوَبَ مِنْهُ
How, and all what was in it, when it is investigated and found to be upon a peak of correctness, until nothing comes to the mind, except and he would find what is above it, the creation healthier and more correct than it?
وَ اعْلَمْ يَا مُفَضَّلُ أَنَّ اسْمَ هَذَا الْعَالَمِ بِلِسَانِ الْيُونَانِيَّةِ الْجَارِي الْمَعْرُوفِ عِنْدَهُمْ قوسموس وَ تَفْسِيرُهُ الزِّينَةُ وَ كَذَلِكَ سَمَّتْهُ الْفَلَاسِفَةُ وَ مَنِ ادَّعَى الْحِكْمَةَ
And know, O Mufazzal, that the name of this universe in the language of the Greeks, the one flowing famously with them, is Cosmos, and its interpretations is, ‘the adornment’. And, similar to that are the philosophers and ones who claim the wisdom.
أَ فَكَانُوا يُسَمُّونَهُ بِهَذَا الِاسْمِ إِلَّا لِمَا رَأَوْا فِيهِ مِنَ التَّقْدِيرِ وَ النِّظَامِ فَلَمْ يَرْضَوْا أَنْ يُسَمُّوهُ تَقْدِيراً وَ نِظَاماً حَتَّى سَمَّوْهُ زِينَةً لِيُخْبِرُوا أَنَّهُ مَعَ مَا هُوَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الصَّوَابِ وَ الْإِتْقَانِ عَلَى غَايَةِ الْحُسْنِ وَ الْبَهَاءِ
Have they not named it with this name except due to what they saw in it from the measurement and the system? Then why are they pleased that they name it as measure, systematic, until they named it as an adornment? It was for them to inform that it is with what it is upon, from the correctness and the perfection upon a peak of the beauty and the splendour.
أَعْجَبُ يَا مُفَضَّلُ مِنْ قَوْمٍ لَا يَقْضُونَ صِنَاعَةَ الطِّبِّ بِالْخَطَإِ وَ هُمْ يَرَوْنَ الطَّبِيبَ يُخْطِئُ وَ يَقْضُونَ عَلَى الْعَالَمِ بِالْإِهْمَالِ وَ لَا يَرَوْنَ شَيْئاً مِنْهُ مُهْمَلًا بَلْ أَعْجَبُ مِنْ أَخْلَاقِ مَنِ ادَّعَى الْحِكْمَةَ حَتَّى جَهِلُوا مَوَاضِعَهَا فِي الْخَلْقِ فَأَرْسَلُوا أَلْسِنَتَهُمْ بِالذَّمِّ لِلْخَالِقِ جَلَّ وَ عَلَا
I-asws wonder, O Mufazzal, from a people who are not judging the making of the medicine as being with the error and they are seeing the physician as being mistaken, and they are judging upon the universe as being with the chaos and are not seeing anything from its as being with chaos. But, I-asws wonder from the ethics of the ones who claim the wisdom, to the extent that they are ignorant of its placing among the creation, so they are sending their tongues with the condemnation of the Creator, Majestic and Lofty?
بَلِ الْعَجَبُ مِنَ الْمَخْذُولِ مَانِي حِينَ ادَّعَى عِلْمَ الْأَسْرَارِ وَ عَمِيَ عَنْ دَلَائِلِ الْحِكْمَةِ فِي الْخَلْقِ حَتَّى نَسَبَهُ إِلَى الْخَطَإِ وَ نَسَبَ خَالِقَهُ إِلَى الْجَهْلِ تَبَارَكَ الْحَلِيمُ الْكَرِيمُ
But, the wonderment is from Mani (Manicheans – dualists), where he claims the knowledge of the secrets and is blind from the evidences of the Wisdom in the creation to the extent that he attributed it to the mistake and attributed its Creator, Blessed, the Forbearing, the Honourable, to the ignorance.
وَ أَعْجَبُ مِنْهُمْ جَمِيعاً الْمُعَطِّلَةُ الَّذِينَ رَامُوا أَنْ يُدْرَكَ بِالْحِسِّ مَا لَا يُدْرَكُ بِالْعَقْلِ فَلَمَّا أَعْوَزَهُمْ ذَلِكَ خَرَجُوا إِلَى الْجُحُودِ وَ التَّكْذِيبِ فَقَالُوا وَ لِمَ لَا يُدْرَكُ بِالْعَقْلِ قِيلَ لِأَنَّهُ فَوْقَ مَرْتَبَةِ الْعَقْلِ كَمَا لَا يُدْرِكُ الْبَصَرُ مَا هُوَ فَوْقَ مَرْتَبَتِهِ
And most strange from them all are the Al-Mo’talat, those who claim that the senses can realise what cannot be realised by the intellect. When that frustrated them, they went out to the rejection and the belying, and they said, ‘And why can He-azwj not be realised with the intellect?’ It would be said: ‘He-azwj is above the rank of the intellect just as the sight cannot realise what is above its rank.
فَإِنَّكَ لَوْ رَأَيْتَ حَجَراً يَرْتَفِعُ فِي الْهَوَاءِ عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ رَامِياً رَمَى بِهِ فَلَيْسَ هَذَا الْعِلْمُ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْبَصَرِ بَلْ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْعَقْلِ لِأَنَّ الْعَقْلَ هُوَ الَّذِي يُمَيِّزُهُ فَيَعْلَمُ أَنَّ الْحَجَرَ لَا يَذْهَبُ عُلُوّاً مِنْ تِلْقَاءِ نَفْسِهِ أَ فَلَا تَرَى كَيْفَ وَقَفَ الْبَصَرُ عَلَى حَدِّهِ فَلَمْ يَتَجَاوَزْهُ فَكَذَلِكَ يَقِفُ الْعَقْلُ عَلَى حَدِّهِ مِنْ مَعْرِفَةِ الْخَالِقِ فَلَا يَعْدُوهُ
If you were to see a rock raised in the air, you would know that a thrower has thrown it. This knowledge isn’t from a direction of the sight, but it is from a direction of the intellect, because the intellect is the one which differentiates, and one knows that the rock cannot go higher by itself. Do you not see how the sight stops upon its limit, and does not exceed it? Similar to that, the intellect stops upon its limit from recognition of the Creator, and does not exceed it.
وَ لَكِنْ يَعْقِلُهُ بِعَقْلٍ أَقَرَّ أَنَّ فِيهِ نَفْساً وَ لَمْ يُعَايِنْهَا وَ لَمْ يُدْرِكْهَا بِحَاسَّةٍ مِنَ الْحَوَاسِّ وَ عَلَى حَسَبِ هَذَا أَيْضاً نَقُولُ إِنَّ الْعَقْلَ يَعْرِفُ الْخَالِقَ مِنْ جِهَةٍ تُوجِبُ عَلَيْهِ الْإِقْرَارَ وَ لَا يَعْرِفُهُ بِمَا يُوجِبُ لَهُ الْإِحَاطَةَ بِصِفَتِهِ
But, He-azwj is understood by an intellect accepting that in Him-azwj is a Self, and he has not seen it and not realised it with a feeling from the sensory perception. And, upon this reckoning as well, we-asws are saying that the intellect recognises the Creator from an aspect upon which the acceptance is obligated, and does not recognise Him-azwj with what the awareness of (all) His-azwj Attributes are obligated upon for Him-azwj.
فَإِنْ قَالُوا فَكَيْفَ يُكَلَّفُ الْعَبْدُ الضَّعِيفُ مَعْرِفَتَهُ بِالْعَقْلِ اللَّطِيفِ وَ لَا يُحِيطُ بِهِ قِيلَ لَهُمْ إِنَّمَا كُلِّفَ الْعِبَادُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا فِي طَاقَتِهِمْ أَنْ يَبْلُغُوهُ وَ هُوَ أَنْ يُوقِنُوا بِهِ وَ يَقِفُوا عِنْدَ أَمْرِهِ وَ نَهْيِهِ وَ لَمْ يُكَلَّفُوا الْإِحَاطَةَ بِصِفَتِهِ كَمَا أَنَّ الْمَلِكَ لَا يُكَلِّفُ رَعِيَّتَهُ أَنْ يَعْلَمُوا أَ طَوِيلٌ هُوَ أَمْ قَصِيرٌ أَبْيَضُ هُوَ أَمْ أَسْمَرُ وَ إِنَّمَا يُكَلِّفُهُمُ الْإِذْعَانَ بِسُلْطَانِهِ وَ الِانْتِهَاءَ إِلَى أَمْرِهِ
If they say, ‘How come the weak servant has been encumbered with recognising Him-azwj with the intellect, the Subtle who cannot be encompassed with?’ It would be said to them: ‘But rather, the servants are encumbered from that to which their strength reaches to, and he is certain with Him-azwj, and stop at His-azwj Command and His-azwj Forbiddance, and they have not been encumbered with encompassing (all of) His-azwj Attributes, just as the king does not encumber his citizens that they know whether he is tall or short, whether he is white or black. But rather, he encumbers them with the compliance with his authority and ends up issuing his orders.
أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّ رَجُلًا لَوْ أَتَى بَابَ الْمَلِكِ فَقَالَ اعْرِضْ عَلَيَّ نَفْسَكَ حَتَّى أَتَقَصَّى مَعْرِفَتَكَ وَ إِلَّا لَمْ أَسْمَعْ لَكَ كَانَ قَدْ أَحَلَّ نَفْسَهُ الْعُقُوبَةَ فَكَذَا الْقَائِلُ إِنَّهُ لَا يُقِرُّ بِالْخَالِقِ سُبْحَانَهُ حَتَّى يُحِيطَ بِكُنْهِهِ مُتَعَرِّضٌ لِسَخَطِهِ
Do you not see that if a man were to come to a door of the king and he says, ‘Expose yourself to me until I investigate your recognition, or else I will not listen to you’, he would have released himself to the punishment? Like that is the speaker that he would not accept as being with the Creator, Glorious is He-azwj, until he encompasses His-azwj essence, he would be exposed to His-azwj Wrath.
فَإِنْ قَالُوا أَ وَ لَيْسَ قَدْ نَصِفُهُ فَنَقُولُ هُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ الْجَوَادُ الْكَرِيمُ قِيلَ لَهُمْ كُلُّ هَذِهِ صِفَاتُ إِقْرَارٍ وَ لَيْسَتْ صِفَاتِ إِحَاطَةٍ فَإِنَّا نَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ حَكِيمٌ وَ لَا نَعْلَمُ بِكُنْهِ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ وَ كَذَلِكَ قَدِيرٌ وَ جَوَادٌ وَ سَائِرُ صِفَاتِهِ كَمَا قَدْ نَرَى السَّمَاءَ وَ لَا نَدْرِي مَا جَوْهَرُهَا وَ نَرَى الْبَحْرَ وَ لَا نَدْرِي أَيْنَ مُنْتَهَاهُ
If they say, ‘Or haven’t we described Him-azwj, and we are saying, ‘He-azwj is the Mighty, the Wise, the Generous, the Honourable?’ It would be said to them: ‘All these are the descriptions of acceptance, and they aren’t description of encompassing, for we know that He-azwj is Wise, but we do not know with that essence of His-azwj from it. And like that is, Able, and Generous, and the rest of His-azwj Attributes, just as we see the sky and we do not see its essence, and we see the ocean but do not know where its end is.
بَلْ فَوْقَ هَذَا الْمِثَالِ بِمَا لَا نِهَايَةَ لَهُ لِأَنَّ الْأَمْثَالَ كُلَّهَا تَقْصُرُ عَنْهُ وَ لَكِنَّهَا تَقُودُ الْعَقْلَ إِلَى مَعْرِفَتِهِ
But, above this are the examples with what there is no end-point to it, because the examples, all of these, fall short of Him-azwj, but these ignite the intellect to recognising Him-azwj’.
فَإِنْ قَالُوا وَ لِمَ يُخْتَلَفُ فِيهِ قِيلَ لَهُمْ لِقِصَرِ الْأَوْهَامِ عَنْ مَدَى عَظَمَتِهِ وَ تَعَدِّيهَا أَقْدَارَهَا فِي طَلَبِ مَعْرِفَتِهِ وَ أَنَّهَا تَرُومُ الْإِحَاطَةَ بِهِ وَ هِيَ تَعْجِزُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ وَ مَا دُونَهُ
If they say, ‘And why is there differing regarding Him-azwj?’ It would be said to them: ‘Due to the imaginations being deficient to His-azwj Magnificence, and their being defeated in their abilities to seek His-azwj recognition, and they are intending the encompassing with Him-azwj, and it is a frustration from that and what is besides it.
فَمِنْ ذَلِكَ هَذِهِ الشَّمْسُ الَّتِي تَرَاهَا تَطْلُعُ عَلَى الْعَالَمِ وَ لَا يُوقَفُ عَلَى حَقِيقَةِ أَمْرِهَا وَ لِذَلِكَ كَثُرَتِ الْأَقَاوِيلُ فِيهَا وَ اخْتَلَفَتِ الْفَلَاسِفَةُ الْمَذْكُورُونَ فِي وَصْفِهَا فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ هُوَ فَلَكٌ أَجْوَفُ مَمْلُوٌّ نَاراً لَهُ فَمٌ يَجِيشُ بِهَذَا الْوَهَجِ وَ الشُّعَاعِ
From that is this sun which you see it emerging upon the world and does not stop upon a reality of its matter, and for that there are plenty of words regarding it, and the differing’s of the philosophers mentioned, in describing it. Some of them said, ‘It is a planet filled with fire inside, there being a mouth for it, flaring out with this glare and the rays’. And the others said, ‘It is a cloud’. And the others said, ‘It is a glass body facing fire in the world and sending its rays upon it.
وَ قَالَ آخَرُونَ هُوَ سَحَابَةٌ وَ قَالَ آخَرُونَ هُوَ جِسْمٌ زُجَاجِيٌّ يُقْبِلُ نَارِيَّةً فِي الْعَالَمِ وَ يُرْسِلُ عَلَيْهِ شُعَاعَهَا وَ قَالَ آخَرُونَ هُوَ صَفْوٌ لَطِيفٌ يَنْعَقِدُ مِنْ مَاءِ الْبَحْرِ وَ قَالَ آخَرُونَ هُوَ أَجْزَاءٌ كَثِيرَةٌ مُجْتَمِعَةٌ مِنَ النَّارِ وَ قَالَ آخَرُونَ هُوَ مِنْ جَوْهَرٍ خَامِسٍ سِوَى الْجَوَاهِرِ الْأَرْبَعِ
And other said, ‘It is a subtle coagulation of the sea water. And others said, ‘It is of many parts gathered from the fire’. And the others said, ‘It is from a fifth essence besides the four essences’.
ثُمَّ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي شَكْلِهَا فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ هِيَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ صَفِيحَةٍ عَرِيضَةٍ وَ قَالَ آخَرُونَ هِيَ كَالْكُرَةِ الْمُدَحْرَجَةِ
Then, they differed regarding its shape, so some of them said, ‘It is like the status of a wide plate’, and others said, ‘It is like the rolled disc’.
وَ كَذَلِكَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي مِقْدَارِهَا فَزَعَمَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَنَّهَا مِثْلُ الْأَرْضِ سَوَاءً وَ قَالَ آخَرُونَ بَلْ هِيَ أَقَلُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَ قَالَ آخَرُونَ هِيَ أَعْظَمُ مِنَ الْجَزِيرَةِ الْعَظِيمَةِ وَ قَالَ أَصْحَابُ الْهَنْدَسَةِ هِيَ أَضْعَافُ الْأَرْضِ مِائَةٌ وَ سَبْعُونَ مَرَّةً
And like that, they differ regarding its measurement. Some of them claimed it is like the black earth’, and others said, ‘It is less than that’. And others said, ‘It is greater than the great island’. And the masters of engineering said, ‘It is a multiple of the earth by one hundred and seventy times’.
فَفِي اخْتِلَافِ هَذِهِ الْأَقَاوِيلِ مِنْهُمْ فِي الشَّمْسِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَقِفُوا عَلَى الْحَقِيقَةِ مِنْ أَمْرِهَا وَ إِذَا كَانَتْ هَذِهِ الشَّمْسُ الَّتِي يَقَعُ عَلَيْهَا الْبَصَرُ وَ يُدْرِكُهَا الْحِسُّ قَدْ عَجَزَتِ الْعُقُولُ عَنِ الْوُقُوفِ عَلَى حَقِيقَتِهَا فَكَيْفَ مَا لَطُفَ عَنِ الْحِسِّ وَ اسْتَتَرَ عَنِ الْوَهْمِ
Thus, these differing words from them regarding the sun is evidence upon that they do not stop upon the reality from its matter. And when this sun was such that the sight can fall upon it, and the feelings can realise it, has (still) frustrated the intellects from stopping upon its realities, then how about what is too subtle from the senses, and concealed from the imaginations?’
فَإِنْ قَالُوا وَ لِمَ اسْتَتَرَ قِيلَ لَهُمْ لَمْ يَسْتَتِرْ بِحِيلَةٍ يَخْلُصُ إِلَيْهَا كَمَنْ يَحْتَجِبُ عَنِ النَّاسِ بِالْأَبْوَابِ وَ السُّتُورِ وَ إِنَّمَا مَعْنَى قَوْلِنَا اسْتَتَرَ أَنَّهُ لَطُفَ عَنْ مَدَى مَا تَبْلُغُهُ الْأَوْهَامُ كَمَا لَطُفَتِ النَّفْسُ وَ هِيَ خَلْقٌ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ وَ ارْتَفَعَتْ عَنْ إِدْرَاكِهَا بِالنَّظَرِ
If they said, ‘And why (is He-azwj) veiled?’ It would be said to them: ‘He-azwj is not veiled by a means He-azwj Concluded to, like the one who is veiled from the people by the doors and the curtains. And rather, the meaning of our-asws words is that He-azwj is veiled, is that He-azwj is too subtle from a peak of what the imaginations can reach, just as the subtlety of the soul, and it is a creation from His-azwj creations, and it is raised from their realisations with the looking’.
فَإِنْ قَالُوا وَ لِمَ لَطُفَ وَ تَعَالَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ عُلُوّاً كَبِيراً كَانَ ذَلِكَ خَطَأً مِنَ الْقَوْلِ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَلِيقُ بِالَّذِي هُوَ خَالِقُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مُبَايِناً لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ مُتَعَالِياً عَنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ سُبْحَانَهُ وَ تَعَالَى
If they said, ‘And why subtle?’ – and He-azwj is Exalted from that, Lofty, Great – that would be a mistake from the word, because it is not befitting with the One-azwj Who is a Creator of all things except that He-azwj happens to be Manifest to all things, Higher from all things, Glorious is He-azwj and Exalted’.
فَإِنْ قَالُوا كَيْفَ يُعْقَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُبَايِناً لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ مُتَعَالِياً قِيلَ لَهُمُ الْحَقُّ الَّذِي تُطْلَبُ مَعْرِفَتُهُ مِنَ الْأَشْيَاءِ هُوَ الْأَرْبَعَةُ أَوْجُهٍ فَأَوَّلُهَا أَنْ يُنْظَرَ أَ مَوْجُودٌ هُوَ أَمْ لَيْسَ بِمَوْجُودٍ وَ الثَّانِي أَنْ يُعْرَفَ مَا هُوَ فِي ذَاتِهِ وَ جَوْهَرِهِ وَ الثَّالِثُ أَنْ يُعْرَفَ كَيْفَ هُوَ وَ مَا صِفَتُهُ وَ الرَّابِعُ أَنْ يُعْلَمَ لِمَا ذَا هُوَ وَ لِأَيَّةِ عِلَّةٍ
If they said, ‘How can one understand that He-azwj happens to be Manifest to all things, Higher?’ It would be said to them: ‘The truth which seeks His-azwj recognition from the things, it is of four aspects – The first of it is that he considers, is He-azwj existing or He-azwj does not exist. And the second is that he recognises what He-azwj is in His-azwj Self and His-azwj essence. And the third is that he recognises how He-azwj is and what are His-azwj Attributes. And the fourth is that he knows what is the reason for the Wilayah?
فَلَيْسَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْوُجُوهِ شَيْءٌ يُمْكِنُ الْمَخْلُوقَ أَنْ يَعْرِفَهُ مِنَ الْخَالِقِ حَقَّ مَعْرِفَتِهِ غَيْرُ أَنَّهُ مَوْجُودٌ فَقَطْ فَإِذَا قُلْنَا كَيْفَ وَ مَا هُوَ فَمُمْتَنِعٌ عِلْمُ كُنْهِهِ وَ كَمَالُ الْمَعْرِفَةِ بِهِ
There isn’t from these aspects anything the creatures can, if he recognises from the Creator a right of His-azwj recognition apart from that He-azwj exists, only. When we-asws say, ‘How and what is He-azwj? We prevent the knowledge of His-azwj essence and the perfection of the recognition with it.
وَ أَمَّا لِمَا ذَا هُوَ فَسَاقِطٌ فِي صِفَةِ الْخَالِقِ لِأَنَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ عِلَّةُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَ لَيْسَ شَيْءٌ بِعِلَّةٍ لَهُ
And, as for ‘Why is He-azwj?’, it is a nullification regarding an Attribute of the Creator, because He-azwj is the cause of all things, and there isn’t anything with a cause for Him-azwj.
ثُمَّ لَيْسَ عِلْمُ الْإِنْسَانِ بِأَنَّهُ مَوْجُودٌ يُوجِبُ لَهُ أَنْ يَعْلَمَ مَا هُوَ كَمَا أَنَّ عِلْمَهُ بِوُجُودِ النَّفْسِ لَا يُوجِبُ أَنْ يَعْلَمَ مَا هِيَ وَ كَيْفَ هِيَ وَ كَذَلِكَ الْأُمُورُ الرُّوحَانِيَّةُ اللَّطِيفَةُ
Then, it isn’t a knowledge of the human being that He-azwj exists, obligating for him that he knows what He-azwj is, just as his knowledge with the existence of the soul does not obligate that he knows what it is and how it is. And similar to that are the matter of the subtle spiritualism.
فَإِنْ قَالُوا فَأَنْتُمُ الْآنَ تَصِفُونَ مِنْ قُصُورِ الْعِلْمِ عَنْهُ وَصْفاً حَتَّى كَأَنَّهُ غَيْرُ مَعْلُومٍ قِيلَ لَهُمْ هُوَ كَذَلِكَ مِنْ جِهَةٍ إِذَا رَامَ الْعَقْلُ مَعْرِفَةَ كُنْهِهِ وَ الْإِحَاطَةَ بِهِ وَ هُوَ مِنْ جِهَةٍ أُخْرَى أَقْرَبُ مِنْ كُلِّ قَرِيبٍ إِذَا اسْتَدَلَّ عَلَيْهِ بِالدَّلَائِلِ الشَّافِيَةِ فَهُوَ مِنْ جِهَةٍ كَالْوَاضِحِ لَا يَخْفَى عَلَى أَحَدٍ وَ هُوَ مِنْ جِهَةٍ كَالْغَامِضِ لَا يُدْرِكُهُ أَحَدٌ وَ كَذَلِكَ الْعَقْلُ أَيْضاً ظَاهِرٌ بِشَوَاهِدَ وَ مَسْتُورٌ بِذَاتِهِ
If they say, ‘You are not describing from a deficient knowledge about Him-azwj, and describing until it is as if He-azwj is not known!’ It would be said to them: ‘He-azwj is like that from an aspect, when the intellect wishes the recognition of His-azwj essence and the encompassing with Him-azwj. And He-azwj, from an aspect is like the obscure, not realised by any one. And like that is the intellect as well, apparent with evidences, and hidden with His-azwj Self.
فَأَمَّا أَصْحَابُ الطَّبَائِعِ فَقَالُوا إِنَّ الطَّبِيعَةَ لَا تَفْعَلُ شَيْئاً لِغَيْرِ مَعْنًى وَ لَا تَتَجَاوَزُ عَمَّا فِيهِ تَمَامُ الشَّيْءِ فِي طَبِيعَتِهِ وَ زَعَمُوا أَنَّ الْحِكْمَةَ تَشْهَدُ بِذَلِكَ فَقِيلَ لَهُمْ فَمَنْ أَعْطَى الطَّبِيعَةَ هَذِهِ الْحِكْمَةَ وَ الْوُقُوفَ عَلَى حُدُودِ الْأَشْيَاءِ بِلَا مُجَاوَزَةٍ لَهَا وَ هَذَا قَدْ تَعْجِزُ عَنْهُ الْعُقُولُ بَعْدَ طُولِ التَّجَارِبِ
As for the companions of the nature, they are saying, ‘The nature does not do anything without meaning, nor does it exceed from what therein is completion of the thing in its nature’, and they are claiming that the wisdom testifies with that. It would be said to them: ‘So who gave the nature this wisdom and pausing at limits of the things without overstepping it and the intellects have exceeded this after prolonged experimentation?’
فَإِنْ أَوْجَبُوا لِلطَّبِيعَةِ الْحِكْمَةَ وَ الْقُدْرَةَ عَلَى مِثْلِ هَذِهِ الْأَفْعَالِ فَقَدْ أَقَرُّوا بِمَا أَنْكَرُوا لِأَنَّ هَذِهِ هِيَ صِفَاتُ الْخَالِقِ وَ إِنْ أَنْكَرُوا أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا لِلطَّبِيعَةِ فَهَذَا وَجْهُ الْخَلْقِ يَهْتِفُ بِأَنَّ الْفِعْلَ لخالق [لِلْخَالِقِ] الْحَكِيمِ
If they are enjoining to the nature, and the wisdom, and the power upon the likes of these deeds, then they have accepted with what they had denied, because these are the Attributes of the Creator. And if they deny that this happens to be for the nature, then this is an aspect of the creation praising the deed of the Creator, the Wise.
وَ قَدْ كَانَ مِنَ الْقُدَمَاءِ طَائِفَةٌ أَنْكَرُوا الْعَمْدَ وَ التَّدْبِيرَ فِي الْأَشْيَاءِ وَ زَعَمُوا أَنَّ كَوْنَهَا بِالْعَرَضِ وَ الِاتِّفَاقِ وَ كَانَ مِمَّا احْتَجُّوا بِهِ هَذِهِ الْآفَاتُ الَّتِي تلد [تَكُونُ عَلَى] غَيْرِ مَجْرَى الْعُرْفِ وَ الْعَادَةِ كَالْإِنْسَانِ يُولَدُ نَاقِصاً أَوْ زَائِداً إِصْبَعاً أَوْ يَكُونُ الْمَوْلُودُ مُشَوَّهاً مُبَدَّلَ الْخَلْقِ فَجَعَلُوا هَذَا دَلِيلًا عَلَى أَنَّ كَوْنَ الْأَشْيَاءِ لَيْسَ بِعَمْدٍ وَ تَقْدِيرٍ بَلْ بِالْعَرَضِ كَيْفَ مَا اتَّفَقَ أَنْ يَكُونَ
And there has been a group from the ancient ones who denied the deliberation, and the arrangement in the things, and the claimed that their existence with the display and the perfection, and what they had argued with are these calamities which are births of other than the custom and the habit, like the human being born of deficient or additional fingers, or the birth happens to be distorted, altered creation. So, they made this as evidence upon that the existence of the things isn’t with deliberation and measurement, but are transitory what is co-incidental that it happens.
وَ قَدْ كَانَ أَرَسْطَاطَالِيسُ رَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ إِنَّ الَّذِي يَكُونُ بِالْعَرَضِ وَ الِاتِّفَاقِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَيْءٌ يَأْتِي فِي الْفَرْطِ مَرَّةً لِأَعْرَاضٍ تَعْرِضُ لِلطَّبِيعَةِ فَتُزِيلُهَا عَنْ سَبِيلِهَا وَ لَيْسَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْأُمُورِ الطَّبِيعِيَّةِ الْجَارِيَةِ عَلَى شَكْلٍ وَاحِدٍ جَرْياً دَائِماً مُتَتَابِعاً
And didn’t Aristotle rebut upon them and he said, ‘That which exists with the transient and the perfection, rather it is something in the excess one time to display a display of the nature, so it removes it away from its way, and it isn’t at the status of the flow of nature upon one manner, flowing perpetually, consecutively.
وَ أَنْتَ يَا مُفَضَّلُ تَرَى أَصْنَافَ الْحَيَوَانِ أَنْ يَجْرِيَ أَكْثَرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى مِثَالٍ وَ مِنْهَاجٍ وَاحِدٍ كَالْإِنْسَانِ يُولَدُ وَ لَهُ يَدَانِ وَ رِجْلَانِ وَ خَمْسُ أَصَابِعَ كَمَا عَلَيْهِ الْجُمْهُورُ مِنَ النَّاسِ فَأَمَّا مَا يُولَدُ عَلَى خِلَافِ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّهُ لِعِلَّةٍ تَكُونُ فِي الرَّحِمِ أَوْ فِي الْمَادَّةِ الَّتِي يَنْشَأُ مِنْهَا الْجَنِينُ كَمَا يَعْرِضُ فِي الصِّنَاعَاتِ حِينَ يَتَعَمَّدُ الصَّانِعُ الصَّوَابَ فِي صَنْعَتِهِ فَيَعُوقُ دُونَ ذَلِكَ
And you, O Mufazzal, you see types of animals, that most of that flows upon an example and one program, like the human being is born, for him are two hands and two legs and five fingers, just as the most of the people are upon it. As for what is born upon different to that, so that would be due to a defect happening in the womb or in the stomach from which the foetus grown, just as a demonstration in the making when the maker deliberates the correctness in his making, so he is handicapped besides that, either a handicap in the tools or in the machinery which he makes the thing in.
عَائِقٌ فِي الْأَدَاةِ أَوْ فِي الْآلَةِ الَّتِي يَعْمَلُ فِيهَا الشَّيْءَ فَقَدْ يَحْدُثُ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ فِي أَوْلَادِ الْحَيَوَانِ لِلْأَسْبَابِ الَّتِي وَصَفْنَا فَيَأْتِي الْوَلَدُ زَائِداً أَوْ نَاقِصاً أَوْ مُشَوَّهاً وَ يَسْلَمُ أَكْثَرُهَا فَيَأْتِي سَوِيّاً لَا عِلَّةَ فِيهِ فَكَمَا أَنَّ الَّذِي يُحْدِثُ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَعْمَالِ الْأَعْرَاضَ لِعِلَّةٍ فِيهِ لَا تُوجِبُ عَلَيْهَا جَمِيعاً الْإِهْمَالَ وَ عَدَمَ الصَّانِعِ كَذَلِكَ مَا يَحْدُثُ عَلَى بَعْضِ الْأَفْعَالِ الطَّبِيعِيَّةِ لِعَائِقٍ يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهَا لَا يُوجِبُ أَنْ يَكُونَ جَمِيعُهَا بِالْعَرَضِ وَ الِاتِّفَاقِ
Examples have occurred in the children of the animals for the causes which we-asws described, and the child comes with additions, or deficient, or distorted, and most of them are sound and they come full, there being no illness in it. Just as the defect which occurs in some of the works, there is a reason in it, it does not obligate the carelessness upon the entirety of it and no maker, similar to that is what occurs upon some of the works of nature, and obstacle entering upon it, does not obligate that the entirety of it happens not be with the display and the perfection.
فَقَوْلُ مَنْ قَالَ فِي الْأَشْيَاءِ إِنَّ كَوْنَهَا بِالْعَرَضِ وَ الِاتِّفَاقِ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّ شَيْئاً مِنْهَا يَأْتِي عَلَى خِلَافِ الطَّبِيعَةِ [بِعَرَضٍ] يَعْرِضُ لَهُ خَطَأٌ وَ خَطَلٌ
Thus, the word of the one who says regarding the things, ‘Its existence is with the display and the perfection, from a direction that something from it comes upon opposite to the nature, displaying a mistake for it and foolishness’.
فَإِنْ قَالُوا وَ لِمَ صَارَ مِثْلُ هَذَا يَحْدُثُ فِي الْأَشْيَاءِ قِيلَ لَهُمْ لِيُعْلَمَ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ كَوْنُ الْأَشْيَاءِ بِاضْطِرَارٍ مِنَ الطَّبِيعَةِ وَ لَا يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يَكُونَ سِوَاهُ كَمَا قَالَ قائلون [الْقَائِلُونَ] بَلْ هُوَ تَقْدِيرٌ وَ عَمْدٌ مِنْ خَالِقٍ حَكِيمٍ إِذْ جَعَلَ الطَّبِيعَةَ تَجْرِي أَكْثَرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى مَجْرًى وَ مِنْهَاجٍ مَعْرُوفٍ وَ يَزُولُ أَحْيَاناً عَنْ ذَلِكَ لِأَعْرَاضٍ تَعْرِضُ لَهَا فَيُسْتَدَلُّ بِذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّهَا مُصَرَّفَةٌ مُدَبَّرَةٌ فَقِيرَةٌ إِلَى إِبْدَاءِ الْخَالِقِ وَ قُدْرَتِهِ فِي بُلُوغِ غَايَتِهَا وَ إِتْمَامِ عَمَلِهَا فَتَبارَكَ اللَّهُ أَحْسَنُ الْخالِقِينَ
If they say, ‘And why did the like of this come to be among the things?’ It would be said to them: ‘To know that the existence of the things is not by necessity from the nature, nor is it possible that they happen to be the same, just as the speakers had said, but it is a measurement, and a deliberation from a Wise Creator, when the nature is made to flow most of that upon a flow and a well-known program. And sometimes it goes away from that to a display displayed for it, so it would evidence with that upon that it is being utilised, managed, thought out to manifest the Creator and His-azwj Power in reaching its peak and completion of its work. Blessed is Allah-azwj, the Best of the creators.
يَا مُفَضَّلُ خُذْ مَا آتَيْتُكَ وَ احْفَظْ مَا مَنَحْتُكَ وَ كُنْ لِرَبِّكَ مِنَ الشَّاكِرِينَ وَ لِآلَائِهِ مِنَ الْحَامِدِينَ وَ لِأَوْلِيَائِهِ مِنَ الْمُطِيعِينَ فَقَدْ شَرَحْتُ لَكَ مِنَ الْأَدِلَّةِ عَلَى الْخَلْقِ وَ الشَّوَاهِدِ عَلَى صَوَابِ التَّدْبِيرِ وَ الْعَمْدِ قَلِيلًا مِنْ كَثِيرٍ وَ جُزْءاً مِنْ كُلٍّ فَتَدَبَّرْهُ وَ فَكِّرْ فِيهِ وَ اعْتَبِرْ بِهِ
O Mufazzal! Take what I-asws gave you and preserve what best you can, and submit to your Lord-azwj from the grateful ones, and for His-azwj Favours, from the praising ones, and to His-azwj Guardians-asws, from the obedient ones, for I-asws have expounded for you from the evidences upon the creation and the evidences upon the correctness of the arrangement, and the deliberation, little from more, and a part from all, therefore ponder it and thing regarding it, and take a lesson with it’.
فَقُلْتُ بِمَعُونَتِكَ يَا مَوْلَايَ أَقْوَى عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَ أُبَلِّغُهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ فَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى صَدْرِي فَقَالَ احْفَظْ بِمَشِيَّةِ اللَّهِ وَ لَا تَنْسَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ
I said, ‘With your-asws assistance, O my Master-asws, I shall be stronger upon that and deliver it, if Allah-azwj so Desires’. He-asws placed his-asws hand upon my chest and he-asws said: ‘Memorise by the Desire of Allah-azwj and you will not forget, if Allah-azwj so Desires’.
فَخَرَرْتُ مَغْشِيّاً عَلَيَّ فَلَمَّا أَفَقْتُ قَالَ كَيْفَ تَرَى نَفْسَكَ يَا مُفَضَّلُ
I fell down with faintness upon me. When I woke up, he-asws said: ‘How do you see yourself, O Mufazzal?’
فَقُلْتُ قَدْ اسْتَغْنَيْتُ بِمَعُونَةِ مَوْلَايَ وَ تَأْيِيدِهِ عَنِ الْكِتَابِ الَّذِي كَتَبْتُهُ وَ صَارَ ذَلِكَ بَيْنَ يَدَيَّ كَأَنَّمَا أَقْرَؤُهُ مِنْ كَفِّي وَ لِمَوْلَايَ الْحَمْدُ وَ الشُّكْرُ كَمَا هُوَ أَهْلُهُ وَ مُسْتَحِقُّهُ
I said, ‘You-asws have made me needless of assistance, my Master-asws, and its corroboration from the book which I wrote’, and that came to be in front of me as if I could read it from my palm; and for my Master-asws is the praise and the thanks, just as he-asws is rightful and deserving of it.
فَقَالَ يَا مُفَضَّلُ فَرِّغْ قَلْبَكَ وَ اجْمَعْ إِلَيْكَ ذِهْنَكَ وَ عَقْلَكَ وَ طُمَأْنِينَتَكَ فَسَأُلْقِي إِلَيْكَ مِنْ عِلْمِ مَلَكُوتِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ فِيهِمَا مِنْ عَجَائِبِ خَلْقِهِ وَ أَصْنَافِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَ صُفُوفِهِمْ وَ مَقَامَاتِهِمْ وَ مَرَاتِبِهِمْ إِلَى سِدْرَةِ الْمُنْتَهَى وَ سَائِرِ الْخَلْقِ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَ الْإِنْسِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ السَّابِعَةِ السُّفْلَى وَ مَا تَحْتَ الثَّرَى حَتَّى يَكُونَ مَا وَعَيْتَهُ جُزْءاً مِنْ أَجْزَاءٍ
He-asws said: ‘O Mufazzal! Free your heart and gather to it your mind, and your intellect and your reassurance, and I-asws shall cast to you from the knowledge of the kingdoms of the skies and the earth, and what Allah-azwj has Created between the two, and regarding these two from the wonders of His-azwj creation, and the types of Angels and their rows and their places and their ranks up to the Lote Tree (Sidrat Al Muntaha), and the rest of the creatures from the Jinn, and the human beings up to the lowest seventh firmament and what is beneath the soil, to the extent what made you faint would be a part from the parts.
انْصَرِفْ إِذَا شِئْتُ مُصَاحَباً مَكْلُوءاً فَأَنْتَ مِنَّا بِالْمَكَانِ الرَّفِيعِ وَ مَوْضِعُكَ مِنْ قُلُوبِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَوْضِعُ الْمَاءِ مِنَ الصَّدَى وَ لَا تَسْأَلَنَّ عَمَّا وَعَدْتُكَ حَتَّى أُحْدِثَ لَكَ مِنْهُ ذِكْراً
Leave whenever you so desire to, accompanied by memorisation, for you are from us-asws with the high place, and you place from the hearts of the Momineen is a place of the water from the extreme thirst, and do not ask about what I-asws promised you until I-asws start for you a mention from it’.
قَالَ الْمُفَضَّلُ فَانْصَرَفْتُ مِنْ عِنْدِ مَوْلَايَ بِمَا لَمْ يَنْصَرِفْ أَحَدٌ بِمِثْلِهِ
Al-Mufazzal said, ‘I left from the presence of my Master-asws, no one had left the like of it.
ثم اعلم أن بعض تلك الفقرات تومئ إلى تجرّد النفس و الله يعلم و حججه صلوات الله عليهم أجمعين
Then know that some of those paragraphs gesture towards the impartiality of the self, and Allah-azwj Knows and so do His-azwj Divine Authorities, may the Salawaat of Allah-azwj be upon them-asws all.[71]
[1] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 1
[2] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 2
[3] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 3
[4] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 4
[5] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 5
[6] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 6
[7] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 7
[8] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 8
[9] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 9
[10] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 10
[11] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 11
[12] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 12
[13] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 13
[14] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 14
[15] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 15
[16] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 16
[17] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 17
[18] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 18
[19] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 19
[20] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 20
[21] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 21
[22] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 22
[23] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 23
[24] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 24
[25] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 25
[26] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 26
[27] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 27
[28] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 28
[29] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 29
[30] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 30
[31] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 31
[32] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 32
[33] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 33
[34] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 34
[35] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 35
[36] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 36
[37] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 37
[38] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 38
[39] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 1 H 39
[40] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 2 H 1
[41] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 2 H 2
[42] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 1
[43] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 2
[44] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 3
[45] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 4
[46] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 5
[47] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 6
[48] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 7
[49] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 8
[50] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 9
[51] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 10
[52] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 11
[53] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 12
[54] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 13
[55] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 14
[56] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 15
[57] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 16
[58] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 17
[59] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 18
[60] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 19
[61] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 20
[62] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 21
[63] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 22
[64] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 23
[65] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 24
[66] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 25
[67] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 26
[68] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 27
[69] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 28
[70] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 3 H 29
[71] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 3, The book of Tawheed, Ch 4 H 1