Summary:
Abbasid Caliph, Mamoun Al-Rashid requested (Imam) Ali-asws Ibn Musa Al-Reza-asws to summarise principles of the religion for him, i.e., the Permissible(s) and the Prohibition, and the obligations and the Sunnah. Therefore, a pen and paper were brought and Imam-asws dictated the principles of religion as follows:
و روي عن الإمام الهمام أبي الحسن علي بن موسى الرضا ع في طوال هذه المعاني جوابه ع للمأمون في جوامع الشريعة لما سأله
جمع ذلك – فَهَذَا أُصُولُ الدِّينِ– وَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعالَمِينَ وَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ وَ آلِهِ وَ سَلَّمَ تَسْلِيماً.
And it is reported from the magnanimous Imam-asws Abu Al-Hassan Ali-asws Bin Musa Al-Reza‑asws in length of this meaning, his-asws answer to Al-Mamoun (Al-Rashid) in summarising the Laws (of religion) of what he had asked him-asws to summarise (after finished describing these laws Imam Riza-asws says -see the last sentence at the end of the Hadith) – These are the ‘أُصُولُ الدِّينِ’ (the principals of religion) All praise is due to Allah-azwj the Lord of the worlds. All peace and blessings be upon the Lord-azwj’s Messenger and his-saww family-asws.[1]
رُوِيَ أَنَّ الْمَأْمُونَ بَعَثَ الْفَضْلَ بْنَ سَهْلٍ ذَا الرِّئَاسَتَيْنِ إِلَى الرِّضَا ع فَقَالَ لَهُ إِنِّي أُحِبُّ أَنْ تَجْمَعَ لِي مِنَ الْحَلَالِ وَ الْحَرَامِ وَ الْفَرَائِضِ وَ السُّنَنِ فَإِنَّكَ حُجَّةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ وَ مَعْدِنُ الْعِلْمِ
It is reported that Al-Mamoun dispatched Al-Fazl Bin Sahl Zul Riyasateyn (with the two governorships), to Al-Reza-asws. He said to him, ‘I would love it if you-asws could summarise for me, from the Permissibles and the Prohibition, and the obligations and the Sunnah, for you‑asws are a Divine Authority of Allah-azwj upon His-azwj creatures and the mine of knowledge’.
فَدَعَا الرِّضَا ع بِدَوَاةٍ وَ قِرْطَاسٍ وَ قَالَ ع لِلْفَضْلِ اكْتُبْ- بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ حَسْبُنَا شَهَادَةُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ أَحَداً صَمَداً لَمْ يَتَّخِذْ صاحِبَةً وَ لا وَلَداً قَيُّوماً سَمِيعاً بَصِيراً قَوِيّاً قَائِماً بَاقِياً نُوراً عَالِماً لَا يَجْهَلُ قَادِراً لَا يَعْجِزُ غَنِيّاً لَا يَحْتَاجُ عَدْلًا لَا يَجُورُ خَلَقَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ لَا شِبْهَ لَهُ وَ لَا ضِدَّ وَ لَا نِدَّ وَ لَا كُفْوَ
Al-Reza-asws called for the ink and paper, and he-asws said to Al-Fazl: ‘Write – In the Name of Allah-azwj the Beneficent, the Merciful! It suffices us to testify that there is no god except Allah‑azwj, the One, the Last. He-azwj neither Took a female companion nor a son, eternal, All-Hearing, All-Seeing, Strong, Established, Remaining, Noor, a Knower not ignorant, Able not frustrated, Needless nor needy, Just not tyrannous. He-azwj Created all things. There isn’t anything like Him-azwj. Neither is there any resembled for Him-azwj nor any opposer, nor equal, nor a match.
وَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ وَ أَمِينُهُ وَ صَفْوَتُهُ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ سَيِّدُ الْمُرْسَلِينَ وَ خَاتَمُ النَّبِيِّينَ وَ أَفْضَلُ الْعَالَمِينَ لَا نَبِيَّ بَعْدَهُ وَ لَا تَبْدِيلَ لِمِلَّتِهِ وَ لَا تَغْيِيرَ
And that Muhammad-saww is His-azwj servant, and His-azwj Rasool-saww, and His-azwj trustee, and His-azwj Elite from His-azwj creatures, Chief of the Messengers-as, and last of the Prophets-as, and most superior of the worlds. There is neither any Prophet-saww after him-saww nor any replacement of His-azwj nation (religion), nor any changes.
وَ أَنَّ جَمِيعَ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ مُحَمَّدٌ ص أَنَّهُ هُوَ الْحَقُّ الْمُبِينُ نُصَدِّقُ بِهِ وَ بِجَمِيعِ مَنْ مَضَى قَبْلَهُ مِنْ رُسُلِ اللَّهِ وَ أَنْبِيَائِهِ وَ حُجَجِهِ وَ نُصَدِّقُ بِكِتَابِهِ الصَّادِقِ-
And that entirety of what Muhammad-saww came with, surely it is the manifest truth. We ratify it, and with entirety of the Messengers-as of Allah-azwj who had passed before him-saww, and His-azwj Prophets-as, and His-azwj Divine Authorities, and we ratify His-azwj truthful Book.
لا يَأْتِيهِ الْباطِلُ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَ لا مِنْ خَلْفِهِ تَنْزِيلٌ مِنْ حَكِيمٍ حَمِيدٍ وَ أَنَّهُ كِتَابُهُ الْمُهَيْمِنُ عَلَى الْكُتُبِ كُلِّهَا وَ أَنَّهُ حَقٌّ مِنْ فَاتِحَتِهِ إِلَى خَاتِمَتِهِ نُؤْمِنُ بِمُحْكَمِهِ وَ مُتَشَابِهِهِ وَ خَاصِّهِ وَ عَامِّهِ وَ وَعْدِهِ وَ وَعِيدِهِ وَ نَاسِخِهِ وَ مَنْسُوخِهِ وَ أَخْبَارِهِ لَا يَقْدِرُ وَاحِدٌ مِنَ الْمَخْلُوقِينَ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ بِمِثْلِهِ
Neither did the falsehood come from before it, nor (would it come) from after it. (It is) a Revelation from the most Wise, the most Praised [41:42], and surely, His-azwj Book is the dominant upon all of the Books, and it is true, from its beginning to its end. We believe in its Decisive and its Allegorical, and its special and its general, and its Promises and its Threats, and its Abrogating and its Abrogated, and its news. Not one of the creatures is able upon coming with similar to it.
وَ أَنَّ الدَّلِيلَ وَ الْحُجَّةَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ الْقَائِمَ بِأُمُورِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ النَّاطِقَ عَنِ الْقُرْآنِ وَ الْعَالِمَ بِأَحْكَامِهِ أَخُوهُ وَ خَلِيفَتُهُ وَ وَصِيُّهُ وَ الَّذِي كَانَ مِنْهُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ هَارُونَ مِنْ مُوسَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ إِمَامُ الْمُتَّقِينَ وَ قَائِدُ الْغُرِّ الْمُحَجَّلِينَ يَعْسُوبُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ أَفْضَلُ الْوَصِيِّينَ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّينَ
And the guide and the Divine Authority upon the Momineen from after him-saww, and the one standing with affairs of the Muslims, and the speak on behalf of the Quran, and the learned with its Rulings, and his-saww brother-asws, and his-saww Caliph, and his-saww successor, and the one who was from him-saww at the status of Haroun-as from Musa-as, Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws Amir Al-Momineen-asws, and Imam-asws of the pious, and guide of the resplendent, leader of the Momineen, and most superior of the successors (who came) after the Prophets-as.
وَ بَعْدَهُ الْحَسَنُ وَ الْحُسَيْنُ ع وَاحِداً بَعْدَ وَاحِدٍ إِلَى يَوْمِنَا هَذَا عِتْرَةُ الرَّسُولِ وَ أَعْلَمُهُمْ بِالْكِتَابِ وَ السُّنَّةِ وَ أَعْدَلُهُمْ بِالْقَضِيَّةِ وَ أَوْلَاهُمْ بِالْإِمَامَةِ فِي كُلِّ عَصْرٍ وَ زَمَانٍ وَ أَنَّهُمُ الْعُرْوَةُ الْوُثْقَى وَ أَئِمَّةُ الْهُدَى وَ الْحُجَّةُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الدُّنْيَا حَتَّى يَرِثَ اللَّهُ الْأَرْضَ وَ مَنْ عَلَيْها وَ هُوَ خَيْرُ الْوَارِثِينَ
And after him-asws Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws, one after one, up to this day of ours, are family-asws of the Rasool-saww, and their most knowledgeable with the Book and the Sunnah, and their most judicial with the judgments, and their foremost with the Imamate in every era and time, and they-asws are the firmest handhold, and the Imams-asws of guidance, and the Divine Authorities upon people of the world until Allah-azwj Causes the earth and the ones upon it to be inherited, and He-azwj is best of the inheritors.
وَ أَنَّ كُلَّ مَنْ خَالَفَهُمْ ضَالٌّ مُضِلٌّ تَارِكٌ لِلْحَقِّ وَ الْهُدَى وَ أَنَّهُمُ الْمُعَبِّرُونَ عَنِ الْقُرْآنِ النَّاطِقُونَ عَنِ الرَّسُولِ بِالْبَيَانِ مَنْ مَاتَ لَا يَعْرِفُهُمْ وَ لَا يَتَوَلَّاهُمْ بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ وَ أَسْمَاءِ آبَائِهِمْ مَاتَ مِيتَةً جَاهِلِيَّةً
And that every one who opposes them-asws has strayed and is staying (others), neglector of the truth and the guidance, and they-asws are the articulators on behalf of the Quran, the speakers on behalf of the Rasool-saww with the explanation. One who dies not having recognised them-asws with their-asws names and names of their-asws fathers-asws nor being in their Wilayah, dies a death of the pre-Islamic period.
وَ أَنَّ مِنْ دِينِهِمُ الْوَرَعَ وَ الْعِفَّةَ وَ الصِّدْقَ وَ الصَّلَاحَ وَ الِاجْتِهَادَ وَ أَدَاءَ الْأَمَانَةِ إِلَى الْبَرِّ وَ الْفَاجِرِ وَ طُولَ السُّجُودِ وَ الْقِيَامَ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ اجْتِنَابَ الْمَحَارِمِ وَ انْتِظَارَ الْفَرَجِ بِالصَّبْرِ وَ حُسْنَ الصُّحْبَةِ وَ حُسْنَ الْجِوَارِ وَ بَذْلَ الْمَعْرُوفِ وَ كَفَّ الْأَذَى وَ بَسْطَ الْوَجْهِ وَ النَّصِيحَةَ وَ الرَّحْمَةَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
And that from their-asws religion is the devoutness, and the chastity, and the truthfulness, and the righteousness, and the striving, and paying back the entrustment to the righteous and the immoral, and lengthy Sajdah(s), and the standing at night (for Salat), and shunning the Prohibitions, and awaiting the relief with the patience, and the goodly companionship, and the goodly neighbourliness, and doing the acts of kindness, and restraining the harm, and extending the face (with smiles), and the good advice, and being merciful to the Momineen.
وَ الْوُضُوءُ كَمَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ غَسْلُ الْوَجْهِ وَ الْيَدَيْنِ وَ مَسْحُ الرَّأْسِ وَ الرِّجْلَيْنِ وَاحِدٌ فَرِيضَةٌ وَ اثْنَانِ إِسْبَاغٌ وَ مَنْ زَادَ أَثِمَ وَ لَمْ يُؤْجَرْ وَ لَا يَنْقُضُ الْوُضُوءَ إِلَّا الرِّيحُ وَ الْبَوْلُ وَ الْغَائِطُ وَ النَّوْمُ وَ الْجَنَابَةُ
And performing the Wud’u just as Allah-azwj has Commanded in His-azwj book, washing the face and the hand and wiping the head and the feet. Once is an obligation, to do each action twice is permissible, whoever exceeds more is a sinful and will not be rewarded, and nothing breaks the Wud’u except the wind, and the urine, and the faeces, and the sleep, and the sexual impurity.
وَ مَنْ مَسَحَ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ فَقَدْ خَالَفَ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ وَ كِتَابَهُ وَ لَمْ يُجْزِ عَنْهُ وُضُوؤُهُ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً ع خَالَفَ الْقَوْمَ فِي الْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ص يَمْسَحُ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع قَبْلَ نُزُولِ سُورَةِ الْمَائِدَةِ أَوْ بَعْدَهَا قَالَ لَا أَدْرِي قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع لَكِنِّي أَدْرِي أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص لَمْ يَمْسَحْ عَلَى خُفَّيْهِ مُذْ نَزَلَتْ سُورَةُ الْمَائِدَةِ
And one who wipes upon the slippers/socks has opposed Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww and His-azwj Book, and his Wud’u is not allowed from him, and that is because Ali-asws opposed the people regarding the wiping upon the sock. Umar said to him-asws, ‘I saw the Prophet-saww wiping so!’ Ali-asws said: ‘Was it before Revelation of Surah Al-Maidah or after it?’ He said, ‘I don’t know’. Ali-asws said: ‘But I-asws know that Rasool-Allah-saww did not wipe upon his-saww socks since Surah Al-Maidah was Revealed’.
وَ الِاغْتِسَالُ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ وَ الِاحْتِلَامِ وَ الْحَيْضِ وَ غُسْلُ مَنْ غَسَّلَ الْمَيِّتَ فَرْضٌ وَ الْغُسْلُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَ الْعِيدَيْنِ وَ دُخُولِ مَكَّةَ وَ الْمَدِينَةِ وَ غُسْلُ الزِّيَارَةِ وَ غُسْلُ الْإِحْرَامِ وَ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ وَ أَوَّلِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ لَيْلَةِ تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ مِنْهُ وَ إِحْدَى وَ عِشْرِينَ وَ ثَلَاثٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ مِنْهُ سُنَّةٌ وَ صَلَاةُ الْفَرِيضَةِ الظُّهْرُ أَرْبَعُ رَكَعَاتٍ
And the washing from the sexual impurity, and the bed-wetting, and the menstruation, and washing by the one who washed the deceased is obligatory, and the washing (bathing) on the day of Friday, and the two Eid(s), and entering Makkah and Al-Medina, and washing for the Ziyarat, and washing of the Ihraam on the day of Arafaat, and the first night of a month of Ramazan, and night of nineteenth from it, and twenty-first, and twenty-third from it is a Sunnah.
وَ الْعَصْرُ أَرْبَعُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ الْمَغْرِبُ ثَلَاثُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ الْعِشَاءُ الْآخِرَةُ أَرْبَعُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ الْفَجْرُ رَكْعَتَانِ فَذَلِكَ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً وَ السُّنَّةُ أَرْبَعٌ وَ ثَلَاثُونَ رَكْعَةً مِنْهَا ثَمَانٌ قَبْلَ الظُّهْرِ وَ ثَمَانٌ بَعْدَهَا وَ أَرْبَعٌ بَعْدَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ رَكْعَتَانِ مِنْ جُلُوسٍ بَعْدَ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ تُعَدُّ بِوَاحِدَةٍ وَ ثَمَانٌ فِي السَّحَرِ وَ الْوَتْرُ ثَلَاثُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ رَكْعَتَانِ بَعْدَ الْوَتْرِ
And Al-Asr is of four Cycles, and Al-Maghrib is of three Cycles, and Al-Isha the last is of four Cycles, and Al-Fajr is of two Cycles. So that is seventeen Cycles. And the Sunnah are thirty-four Cycles – from these are eight before Al-Zohr, and eight after it, and four after Al-Maghrib, and two Cycles from sitting after Al-Isha the last counted as one, and eight during the pre-dawn, and Al-Witr is of three Cycles, and two Cycles after Al-Witr.
وَ الصَّلَاةُ فِي أَوَّلِ الْأَوْقَاتِ وَ فَضْلُ الْجَمَاعَةِ عَلَى الْفَرْدِ كُلُّ رَكْعَةٍ بِأَلْفَيْ رَكْعَةٍ وَ لَا تُصَلِّ خَلْفَ فَاجِرٍ وَ لَا تَقْتَدِي إِلَّا بِأَهْلِ الْوَلَايَةِ وَ لَا تُصَلِّ فِي جُلُودِ الْمَيْتَةِ وَ لَا جُلُودِ السِّبَاعِ وَ التَّقْصِيرُ فِي أَرْبَعِ فَرَاسِخَ بَرِيدٌ ذَاهِباً وَ بَرِيدٌ جَائِياً اثْنَا عَشَرَ مِيلًا وَ إِذَا قَصَّرْتَ أَفْطَرْتَ
And the Salat is (best to be performed) in beginning of the timings, and merit of the congregation over the individual, every Cycle is with a thousand Cycles; and you cannot pray behind an immoral, nor be led except by the people of Wilayah[2], nor can you pray in skin of the dead (animals), nor skins of the lions; and the shortening is in four Farsakh(s), a Bareed going and a Bareed coming, being twelve miles; and when you shorten (the salat so) you will not fast.
وَ الْقُنُوتُ فِي أَرْبَعِ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي الْغَدَاةِ وَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ الْعَتَمَةِ وَ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ وَ صَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ وَ كُلُّ الْقُنُوتِ قَبْلَ الرُّكُوعِ وَ بَعْدَ الْقِرَاءَةِ وَ الصَّلَاةُ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ خَمْسُ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ وَ لَيْسَ فِي صَلَاةِ الْجَنَائِزِ تَسْلِيمٌ لِأَنَّ التَّسْلِيمَ فِي الرُّكُوعِ وَ السُّجُودِ وَ لَيْسَ لِصَلَاةِ الْجِنَازَةِ رُكُوعٌ وَ لَا سُجُودٌ وَ يُرَبَّعُ قَبْرُ الْمَيِّتِ وَ لَا يُسَنَّمُ
And the Qunout is in four Salat(s) – in the morning, and Al-Maghrib, and Al-Atma (Isha), and the day of Friday, and Salat Al-Zohr; and every Qunout is before the Ruk’u and after the recitation; and the Salat upon the deceased is of five Takbeer(s), and there isn’t any Salaam in the funeral Salat because the Salaam is in the Ruk’u and the Sajdah, and there is neither any Ruk’u nor Sajdah in the funeral Salat, and the grave of the deceased will be squared and not humped.
وَ الْجَهْرُ بِ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ مَعَ فَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ وَ الزَّكَاةُ الْمَفْرُوضَةُ مِنْ كُلِّ مِائَتَيْ دِرْهَمٍ خَمْسَةُ دَرَاهِمَ وَ لَا تَجِبُ فِي مَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ وَ فِي مَا زَادَ فِي كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ دِرْهَماً دِرْهَمٌ وَ لَا تَجِبُ فِي مَا دُونَ الْأَرْبَعِينَاتِ شَيْءٌ وَ لَا تَجِبُ حَتَّى يَحُولَ الْحَوْلُ وَ لَا تُعْطَى إِلَّا أَهْلَ الْوَلَايَةِ وَ الْمَعْرِفَةِ وَ فِي كُلِّ عِشْرِينَ دِينَاراً نِصْفُ دِينَارٍ
And the loudness with ‘In the Name of Allah-azwj the Beneficent, the Merciful’ in the Salat with the Surah Al-Fatiha; and the Zakat is obligatory as five Dirhams from every two hundred Dirhams, and it is not obligated in what is less than that, and in all what is more is one Dirham from every forty Dirhams, and nothing is obligated in what is less than the four hundred, and it is not obligated until the year passes by, and it will not be give except to the people of Wilayah and the recognition, and in every twenty Dinar it is half a Dinar.
وَ الْخُمُسُ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَ الْعُشْرُ مِنَ الْحِنْطَةِ وَ الشَّعِيرِ وَ التَّمْرِ وَ الزَّبِيبِ وَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ يَخْرُجُ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ مِنَ الْحُبُوبِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسُقٍ فَفِيهِ الْعُشْرُ إِنْ كَانَ يُسْقَى سَيْحاً وَ إِنْ كَانَ يُسْقَى بِالدَّوَالِي فَفِيهِ نِصْفُ الْعُشْرِ لِلْمُعْسِرِ وَ الْمُوسِرِ وَ تُخْرَجُ مِنَ الْحُبُوبِ الْقَبْضَةُ وَ الْقَبْضَتَانِ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُكَلِّفُ نَفْساً إِلَّا وُسْعَها وَ لَا يُكَلِّفُ الْعَبْدَ فَوْقَ طَاقَتِهِ
And the Khums, from entirety of the wealth is once, and the tenth from the wheat, and the barley, and the dates, and the raisins, and all things from the cereal emerging from the ground, when it reaches five ‘Awsuq’ then the tenth in it, if it had been irrigated by the rain water, and if it had been irrigated by the buckets, in it is half the tenth for the financially constrained and the affluent, and the handful and the two handful would be extracted from the cereals because Allah-azwj does not Encumber a soul except its capacity, nor does He-azwj Encumber the servant above his endurance.
وَ الْوَسْقُ سِتُّونَ صَاعاً وَ الصَّاعُ سِتَّةُ أَرْطَالٍ وَ هُوَ أَرْبَعَةُ أَمْدَادٍ وَ الْمُدُّ رِطْلَانِ وَ رُبُعٌ بِرِطْلِ الْعِرَاقِيِّ وَ قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع هُوَ تِسْعَةُ أَرْطَالٍ بِالْعِرَاقِيِّ وَ سِتَّةُ أَرْطَالٍ بِالْمَدَنِيِّ
And the ‘Awsuq’ is of sixty Sa’a, and the Sa’a is of six Ratl’s, and it is of four Mudd[3](s), and the Mudd is of two Ratl(s) and a quarter of the Iraqi Ratl. And Al-Sadiq-asws said it is of nine Ratl(s) of the Iraqis, and six Ratl(s) of the Medinites.
وَ زَكَاةُ الْفِطْرِ فَرِيضَةٌ عَلَى رَأْسِ كُلِّ صَغِيرٍ أَوْ كَبِيرٍ حُرٍّ أَوْ عَبْدٍ مِنَ الْحِنْطَةِ نِصْفُ صَاعٍ وَ مِنَ التَّمْرِ وَ الزَّبِيبِ صَاعٌ وَ لَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ تُعْطَى غَيْرَ أَهْلِ الْوَلَايَةِ لِأَنَّهَا فَرِيضَةٌ-
And Zakat of Al-Fitr is obligatory upon the head of every young and old, free or slave – half a Sa’a[4] of the wheat, and one Sa’a from the dates and the raisings; and it is not allowed to give apart from the people of Wilayah because it is an obligation.
وَ أَكْثَرُ الْحَيْضِ عَشَرَةُ أَيَّامٍ وَ أَقَلُّهُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ وَ الْمُسْتَحَاضَةُ تَغْتَسِلُ وَ تُصَلِّي وَ الْحَائِضُ تَتْرُكُ الصَّلَاةَ وَ لَا تَقْضِي وَ تَتْرُكُ الصِّيَامَ وَ تَقْضِيهِ وَ يُصَامُ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَ يُفْطَرُ لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَ لَا يَجُوزُ التَّرَاوِيحُ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ
And maximum menstruation is of ten days, and its minimum is of three days, and the one of post-childbirth bleeding will wash and pray while the menstruating one would leave the Salat and will not make up, and she will leave the fasting and (but) make up for it; and fasting of a month of Ramazan is at its sighting and breaking at its sighting, and the Taraweeh (Salat) is not allowed in congregation.
وَ صَوْمُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ سُنَّة مِنْ كُلِّ عَشَرَةِ أَيَّامٍ يَوْمٌ خَمِيسٌ مِنَ الْعَشْرِ الْأَوَّلِ وَ الْأَرْبِعَاءُ مِنَ الْعَشْرِ الْأَوْسَطِ وَ الْخَمِيسُ مِنَ الْعَشْرِ الْآخِرِ وَ صَوْمُ شَعْبَانَ حَسَنٌ وَ هُوَ سُنَّةٌ وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص شَعْبَانُ شَهْرِي وَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ شَهْرُ اللَّهِ وَ إِنْ قَضَيْتَ فَائِتَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مُتَفَرِّقاً أَجْزَأَكَ
And fasting for three days during every month is a Sunnah, from every ten days – the day of Thursday from the first ten, and the Wednesday from the middle ten, and the Thursday from the last ten; and fasting in Shaban is good, and it is a Sunnah; and Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Shaban is my-saww month, and the month of Ramazan is a month of Allah-azwj; and if you were to make up (missed fasts) of a month of Ramazan separately (separate days), it will suffice you.
وَ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا وَ السَّبِيلُ زَادٌ وَ رَاحِلَةٌ وَ لَا يَجُوزُ الْحَجُّ إِلَّا مُتَمَتِّعاً وَ لَا يَجُوزُ الْإِفْرَادُ وَ الْقِرَانُ الَّذِي تَعْمَلُهُ الْعَامَّةُ وَ الْإِحْرَامُ دُونَ الْمِيقَاتِ لَا يَجُوزُ قَالَ اللَّهُ وَ أَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَ الْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ وَ لَا يَجُوزُ فِي النُّسُكِ الْخَصِيُّ لِأَنَّهُ نَاقِصٌ وَ يَجُوزُ الْمَوْجُوءُ
And Hajj of the House (Kabah) is for one who is capable of finding a way to it, provision or transport, and the Hajj is not allowed except with ‘Tamatto’, and the individual and the pairing which the general Muslims (non-Shias) are doing is not allowed, and (wearing) of Ihraam besides the ‘Meeqaat’ (juncture) is not allowed. Allah-azwj Says: And complete the Hajj and the Umrah for Allah; [2:196]; and castrated (animal) is not allowed in the ritual (sacrificial offering) because it is deficient, and the injured (animal) is allowed.
وَ الْجِهَادُ مَعَ إِمَامٍ عَادِلٍ وَ مَنْ قَاتَلَ فَقُتِلَ دُونَ مَالِهِ وَ رَحْلِهِ وَ نَفْسِهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ وَ لَا يَحِلُ قَتْلُ أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ فِي دَارِ التَّقِيَّةِ إِلَّا قَاتِلٍ أَوْ بَاغٍ وَ ذَلِكَ إِذَا لَمْ تَحْذَرْ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ
And the Jihad with a just Imam-asws; and the one who is fought so he is killed for his wealth, and his riding animal, and himself, he is a martyr, and it is not Permissible to kill anyone from the Kafirs in the house (scope) of Taqiyyah (dissimulation) except a killer, or a rebel, and that is when there is no danger to yourself.
وَ لَا أَكْلُ أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ مِنَ الْمُخَالِفِينَ وَ غَيْرِهِمْ وَ التَّقِيَّةُ فِي دَارِ التَّقِيَّةِ وَاجِبَةٌ وَ لَا حِنْثَ عَلَى مَنْ حَلَفَ تَقِيَّةً يَدْفَعُ بِهَا ظُلْماً عَنْ نَفْسِهِ
And do not consume wealth of the people from the adversaries and other, and the Taqiyyah is obligatory in the house (scope) of Taqiyyah, and there is no sin upon the one who swears an oath out of Taqiyyah defending an injustice by it from himself.
وَ الطَّلَاقُ بِالسُّنَّةِ عَلَى مَا ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ وَ سُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ ص وَ لَا يَكُونُ طَلَاقٌ بِغَيْرِ سُنَّةٍ وَ كُلُّ طَلَاقٍ يُخَالِفُ الْكِتَابَ فَلَيْسَ بِطَلَاقٍ وَ كُلُّ نِكَاحٍ يُخَالِفُ السُّنَّةَ فَلَيْسَ بِنِكَاحٍ وَ لَا تُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ أَرْبَعِ حَرَائِرَ وَ إِذَا طُلِّقَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ لِلسُّنَّةِ لَمْ تَحِلَّ لَهُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجاً غَيْرَهُ وَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع اتَّقُوا الْمُطَلَّقَاتِ ثَلَاثاً فَإِنَّهُنَّ ذَوَاتُ أَزْوَاجٍ
And the divorce is by the Sunnah based upon what Allah-azwj Majestic and Mighty has Mentioned, and Sunnah of His-azwj Prophet-saww, and the divorce cannot take place without Sunnah, and every divorce opposing the Book is not a (valid) divorce, and every marriage opposing the Sunnah is not a marriage, and do not gather between more than four free (wives); and the woman is divorced three times on the Sunnah, she is not Permissible for him until she married another husband; and Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘Fear the women divorced thrice (in one sitting) for these are with husbands (still married to their respective husbands)[5]’.
وَ الصَّلَاةُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ص فِي كُلِّ الْمَوَاطِنِ عِنْدَ الرِّيَاحِ وَ الْعُطَاسِ وَ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ وَ حُبُّ أَوْلِيَاءِ اللَّهِ وَ أَوْلِيَائِهِمْ وَ بُغْضُ أَعْدَائِهِ وَ الْبَرَاءَةُ مِنْهُمْ وَ مِنْ أَئِمَّتِهِمْ
And the Salawaat upon the Prophet-saww is in every place, at the (stormy) winds and the sneezes, and other than that; and love for friends of Allah-azwj and their friends, and hatred of His-azwj enemies and the disavowing from them and from their leaders.
وَ بِرُّ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَ إِنْ كَانَا مُشْرِكَيْنِ فَلا تُطِعْهُما وَ صاحِبْهُما فِي الدُّنْيا مَعْرُوفاً لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ اشْكُرْ لِي وَ لِوالِدَيْكَ إِلَيَّ الْمَصِيرُ. وَ إِنْ جاهَداكَ عَلى أَنْ تُشْرِكَ بِي ما لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ فَلا تُطِعْهُما
And righteousness with the parent, and even if they were Polytheists, do not obey them, and accompany them kindly in the world; [31:15], because Allah-saww Says: “Be thankful to Me and to your parents! To Me is the destination” [31:14] And if they both strive against you upon that you should associate with Me, what there isn’t any knowledge for you of it, then do not obey them, [31:15].
قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع مَا صَامُوا لَهُمْ وَ لَا صَلَّوْا وَ لَكِنْ أَمَرُوهُمْ بِمَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ فَأَطَاعُوهُمْ
Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘They (people) neither fasted for them (Priests) nor prayed, but they instructed them with disobeying Allah-azwj, so they obeyed them’ (so they in fact worshiped their priests)[6].
ثُمَّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص يَقُولُ مَنْ أَطَاعَ مَخْلُوقاً فِي غَيْرِ طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ فَقَدْ كَفَرَ وَ اتَّخَذَ إِلَهاً مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ
Then he-asws said: ‘I-asws heard Rasool-Allah-saww saying: ‘One who obeys a created being in other than obedience of Allah-azwj Majestic and Mighty, so he has committed Kufr and has taken a god from besides Allah-azwj’.
وَ ذَكَاةُ الْجَنِينِ ذَكَاةُ أُمِّهِ وَ ذُنُوبُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ صِغَارٌ مَوْهُوبَةٌ لَهُمْ بِالنُّبُوَّةِ وَ الْفَرَائِضُ عَلَى مَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ لَا عَوْلَ فِيهَا وَ لَا يَرِثُ مَعَ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَ الْوَلَدِ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا الزَّوْجُ وَ الْمَرْأَةُ وَ ذُو السَّهْمِ أَحَقُّ مِمَّنْ لَا سَهْمَ لَهُ وَ لَيْسَتِ الْعَصَبَةُ مِنْ دِينِ اللَّهِ
And purification of the unborn (halal animal/bird) is purification (slaughtering) of its mother[7]; and the faults of the Prophets-as are regarded as insignificant and are pardoned for their Prophecy; and the obligation are based upon What Allah-azwj has Commanded, there is no tyranny in it; and no one inherits with the parents and the child except the husband and the wife, and the one with a share is more rightful than the one having no share for him; and the prejudice isn’t from the religion of Allah-azwj.
وَ الْعَقِيقَةُ عَنِ الْمَوْلُودِ الذَّكَرِ وَ الْأُنْثَى يَوْمَ السَّابِعِ وَ يُحْلَقُ رَأْسُهُ يَوْمَ السَّابِعِ وَ يُسَمَّى يَوْمَ السَّابِعِ وَ يُتَصَدَّقُ بِوَزْنِ شَعْرِهِ ذَهَباً أَوْ فِضَّةً يَوْمَ السَّابِعِ
And the ‘Aqeeqa’ from the newborn male and the female is on the seventh day, and his head would be shaved on the seventh day, and he will be named on the seventh day, and it shall be given in charity the weight of his hair in gold or silver on the seventh day.
وَ إِنَّ أَفْعَالَ الْعِبَادِ مَخْلُوقَةٌ خَلْقَ تَقْدِيرٍ لَا خَلْقَ تَكْوِينٍ وَ لَا تَقُلْ بِالْجَبْرِ وَ لَا بِالتَّفْوِيضِ وَ لَا يَأْخُذُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الْبَرِيءَ بِجُرْمِ السَّقِيمِ وَ لَا يُعَذِّبُ اللَّهُ الْأَبْنَاءَ وَ الْأَطْفَالَ بِذُنُوبِ الْآبَاءِ وَ إِنَّهُ قَالَ وَ لا تَزِرُ وازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرى وَ أَنْ لَيْسَ لِلْإِنْسانِ إِلَّا ما سَعى وَ اللَّهُ يَغْفِرُ وَ لَا يَظْلِمُ وَ لَا يَفْرِضُ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْعِبَادِ طَاعَةَ مَنْ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ يَظْلِمُهُمْ وَ يُغْوِيهِمْ
And deeds of the servants are creations, creation of the Pre-determination nor creation of the coming into being; and neither say (believe) in the compulsion nor with the delegation; and He-azwj does not Seize the cured with crimes of the sick, nor does Allah-azwj Punish the sons and the children for sins of the fathers, and He-azwj has Said: nor will it bear the burden of another; [6:164], And there wouldn’t be for the human being except what he strives for [53:39]; and Allah-azwj Forgive and does not oppress, nor does Allah-azwj Impose upon the servants obedience to the one, Allah-azwj Knows, will oppress them and deviate them.
وَ لَا يَخْتَارُ لِرِسَالَتِهِ وَ يَصْطَفِي مِنْ عِبَادِهِ مَنْ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ يَكْفُرُ وَ يَعْبُدُ الشَّيْطَانَ مِنْ دُونِهِ وَ أَنَّ الْإِسْلَامَ غَيْرُ الْإِيمَانِ وَ كُلُّ مُؤْمِنٍ مُسْلِمٌ وَ لَيْسَ كُلُّ مُسْلِمٍ مُؤْمِناً
And He-azwj does not Select for His-azwj Message and Chooses from His-azwj servants the one who Allah-azwj Knows will commit Kufr and worship the Satan-la apart from Him-azwj; and Al-Islam is other than the Eman, and every Momin is a Muslim but every Muslim isn’t a Momin.
لَا يَسْرِقُ السَّارِقُ حِينَ يَسْرِقُ وَ هُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ وَ لَا يَشْرَبُ الشَّارِبُ حِينَ يَشْرَبُ الْخَمْرَ وَ هُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ وَ لَا يَقْتُلُ النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ* بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَ هُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ وَ أَصْحَابُ الْحُدُودِ لَا بِمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ لَا بِكَافِرِينَ
A thief is faithless (not a Momin) in the moment he steals, nor does a drinker drinks the wine while he is a Momin, nor does he kill the soul which Allah-azwj has Prohibited (to kill) without the right, while he is a Momin; and companions of the legal punishments (those subject to the legal punishments) are neither Momineen nor Kafirs.
وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُدْخِلُ النَّارَ مُؤْمِناً وَ قَدْ وَعَدَهُ الْجَنَّةَ وَ الْخُلُودَ فِيهَا وَ مَنْ وَجَبَتْ لَهُ النَّارُ بِنِفَاقٍ أَوْ فِسْقٍ أَوْ كَبِيرَةٍ مِنَ الْكَبَائِرِ لَمْ يُبْعَثْ مَعَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ لَا مِنْهُمْ
And Allah-azwj will not Enter a Momin into the Fire and He-azwj has already Promised him the Paradise and being eternally in it; and the one whom the Fire is obligated due to hypocrisy, or corruption, or a major sin from the major sins will not be Resurrected with the Momineen, nor is he from them.
وَ لَا تُحِيطُ جَهَنَّمُ إِلَّا بِالْكَافِرِينَ وَ كُلُّ إِثْمٍ دَخَلَ صَاحِبُهُ بِلُزُومِهِ النَّارَ فَهُوَ فَاسِقٌ وَ مَنْ أَشْرَكَ أَوْ كَفَرَ أَوْ نَافَقَ أَوْ أَتَى كَبِيرَةً مِنَ الْكَبَائِرِ وَ الشَّفَاعَةُ جَائِزَةٌ لِلْمُسْتَشْفِعِينَ
And Hell will not encompass except the Kafirs; and every sin entering its owner into the Fire by its necessity, so he is a mischief-maker, and so is the one who associates, or commits Kufr, or hypocrisy, or commits a major sin from the major sins; and the intercession is allowed for the interceders.
وَ الْأَمْرُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَ النَّهْيُ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ بِاللِّسَانِ وَاجِبٌ وَ الْإِيمَانُ أَدَاءُ الْفَرَائِضِ وَ اجْتِنَابُ الْمَحَارِمِ وَ الْإِيمَانُ هُوَ مَعْرِفَةٌ بِالْقَلْبِ وَ إِقْرَارٌ بِاللِّسَانِ وَ عَمَلٌ بِالْأَرْكَانِ
And enjoining the good and forbidding from the evil with the tongue is obligatory; and the Eman is fulfilling the obligations and shunning the Prohibitions; and the Eman, it (Eman) is the recognition with the heart and acceptance with the tongue and action with the limbs.
وَ التَّكْبِيرُ فِي الْأَضْحَى خَلْفَ عَشْرِ صَلَوَاتٍ يُبْتَدَأُ مِنْ صَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ مِنْ يَوْمِ النَّحْرِ وَ فِي الْفِطْرِ فِي خَمْسِ صَلَوَاتٍ يُبْتَدَأُ بِصَلَاةِ الْمَغْرِبِ مِنْ لَيْلَةِ الْفِطْرِ-
And the Takbeer in (Eid) Al-Azha (Salat) comes after ten Salat(s), beginning from Salat Al-Zohr from the day of the sacrifice (the tenth of Dhu’l-Hijja). Takbir in Eid ul-Fitr comes after five prayers beginning with the Maghrib Prayer of the night (before breaking the fast); and in (Eid) Al-Fitr, in five Salat(s) beginning with Salat Al-Maghrib from the night of (Eid) Al-Fitr.
وَ النُّفَسَاءُ تَقْعُدُ عِشْرِينَ يَوْماً لَا أَكْثَرَ مِنْهَا فَإِنْ طَهُرَتْ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ صَلَّتْ وَ إِلَّا فَإِلَى عِشْرِينَ يَوْماً ثُمَّ تَغْتَسِلُ وَ تُصَلِّي وَ تَعْمَلُ عَمَلَ الْمُسْتَحَاضَةِ
And the woman with post childbirth bleeding will sit back for twenty days (not praying) for twenty days, not more than it. If she is pure before that, she should pray or else (wait) up to twenty days. Then she should wash and pray, and do the acts of worship of the one with irregular menstrual bleeding.
وَ يُؤْمِنُ بِعَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ وَ مُنْكَرٍ وَ نَكِيرٍ وَ الْبَعْثِ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ وَ الْحِسَابِ وَ الْمِيزَانِ وَ الصِّرَاطِ وَ الْبَرَاءَةِ مِنْ أَئِمَّةِ الضَّلَالِ وَ أَتْبَاعِهِمْ وَ الْمُوَالاةِ لِأَوْلِيَاءِ اللَّهِ
And believe in punishment of the grave, and Munkar and Nakeer (questioning Angels), and the Resurrection after the death, and the Reckoning, and the Scale, and the Bridge, and the disavowing from the straying leaders (false imams) and their followers, and love for the friends of Allah-azwj.
وَ تَحْرِيمِ الْخَمْرِ قَلِيلِهَا وَ كَثِيرِهَا وَ كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ خَمْرٌ وَ كُلُّ مَا أَسْكَرَ كَثِيرُهُ فَقَلِيلُهُ حَرَامٌ وَ الْمُضْطَرُّ لَا يَشْرَبُ الْخَمْرَ فَإِنَّهَا تَقْتُلُهُ
And prohibition of the wines is for its little as well as its more, and every intoxicant is ‘wine’, and all that it’s more of (consumption) intoxicates, its little is prohibited, and one under constraint ought not to drink wine as it will kill (ruin)[8] him.
وَ تَحْرِيمُ كُلِّ ذِي نَابٍ مِنَ السِّبَاعِ وَ كُلِّ ذِي مِخْلَبٍ مِنَ الطَّيْرِ وَ تَحْرِيمُ الطِّحَالِ فَإِنَّهُ دَمٌ وَ الْجِرِّيِّ وَ الطَّافِي وَ الْمَارْمَاهِي وَ الزِّمِّيرِ وَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ لَا يَكُونُ لَهُ قُشُورٌ وَ مِنَ الطَّيْرِ مَا لَا تَكُونُ لَهُ قَانِصَةٌ وَ مِنَ الْبَيْضِ كُلُّ مَا اخْتَلَفَ طَرَفَاهُ فَحَلَالٌ أَكْلُهُ وَ مَا اسْتَوَى طَرَفَاهُ فَحَرَامٌ أَكْلُهُ
And (it is) prohibited (to eat) of all (animals) with canines (fangs) from the predatory wild animals, and all from the birds with claws, and prohibition of the spleen for it is blood, and the eel, and floater (dead in the sea), and the catfish, and the (a type of) catfish, and all things (sea creatures) not having scales for it, and from the bird what does not have gizzard for it; and from the eggs, all what its two sides differ (oblong), eat it, and what its two sides are same (round), it is prohibited to eat it.
وَ اجْتِنَابِ الْكَبَائِرِ وَ هِيَ قَتْلُ النَّفْسِ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَ شُرْبُ الْخَمْرِ وَ عُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَ الْفِرَارُ مِنَ الزَّحْفِ وَ أَكْلُ مَالِ الْيَتامى ظُلْماً وَ أَكْلُ الْمَيْتَةِ وَ الدَّمِ وَ لَحْمِ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَ ما أُهِلَّ بِهِ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ ضَرُورَةٍ بِهِ وَ أَكْلُ الرِّبَا وَ السُّحْتِ بَعْدَ الْبَيِّنَةِ وَ الْمَيْسِرُ وَ الْبَخْسُ فِي الْمِيزَانِ وَ الْمِكْيَالِ وَ قَذْفُ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ
And shun the major sins, and these are – killing the soul which Allah-azwj has Prohibited, and drinking the wine, and disloyalty to the parents, and fleeing from the battle march, and devouring wealth of the orphan unjustly, and consuming the dead, and the blood, and meat of the pig, and whatever is devoted (offered) to other than Allah-azwj from without necessity with it, and consuming the interest after the clarification, and the gambling, and the underestimating in the scale and the measurement, and slandering the married women;
وَ الزِّنَا وَ اللِّوَاطُ وَ الشَّهَادَاتُ الزُّورُ وَ الْيَأْسُ مِنْ رَوْحِ اللَّهِ وَ الْأَمْنُ مِنْ مَكْرِ اللَّهِ- وَ الْقُنُوطُ مِنْ رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ وَ مُعَاوَنَةُ الظَّالِمِينَ وَ الرُّكُونُ إِلَيْهِمْ وَ الْيَمِينُ الْغَمُوسُ وَ حَبْسُ الْحُقُوقِ مِنْ غَيْرِ عُسْرٍ
And the adultery, and the sodomy, and the false testimony, and the despair from Comfort (Help) of Allah-azwj, and feeling safe from the Plan of Allah-azwj, and the despondency (hopelessness) from Mercy of Allah-azwj, and assisting the oppressors and the inclining to them, and the false oath, and withholding the rights from without having financial difficulty.
وَ الْكِبْرُ وَ الْكُفْرُ وَ الْإِسْرَافُ وَ التَّبْذِيرُ وَ الْخِيَانَةُ وَ كِتْمَانُ الشَّهَادَةِ وَ الْمَلَاهِي الَّتِي تَصُدُّ عَنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ مِثْلُ الْغِنَاءِ وَ ضَرْبُ الْأَوْتَارِ وَ الْإِصْرَارُ عَلَى الصَّغَائِرِ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ
And the arrogance, and the Kufr, and the extravagance, and the wastage, and the betrayal (embezzlement), and concealing the testimony, and the amusements which hinder from the Zikr of Allah-azwj, like the singing and striking the strings (music), and the persistence upon the minor sins.
فَهَذَا أُصُولُ الدِّينِ- وَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعالَمِينَ وَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ وَ آلِهِ وَ سَلَّمَ تَسْلِيماً
So, these are ‘أُصُولُ الدِّينِ’ the principles of religion (Usool Al-Deen), and the Praise is for Allah-azwj, Lord-azwj of the worlds, and may Allah-azwj Send Salawaat upon His-azwj Prophet-saww and his‑saww Progeny-asws, and abundant greetings’’.[9]
[1] تحف العقول، النص، ص: 415
[2] Believer in the Just Imams-asws
[3] One Mudd is approximately 750 grams
[4] One Sa’a is about 3000 grams
[5] Giving divorce three times at an occasion is a accepted as a ‘full and irrevocable’ divorce by the general Muslims but for the people of Wilayah it has to be given three times but with an interval of a menstruation period (so over a period of three to four months and when she becomes clean so a given divorce is accounts as one divorce).
[6] عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ اتَّخَذُوا أَحْبارَهُمْ وَ رُهْبانَهُمْ أَرْباباً مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ أَمَا وَ اللَّهِ مَا دَعَوْهُمْ إِلَى عِبَادَةِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَ لَوْ دَعَوْهُمْ مَا أَجَابُوهُمْ وَ لَكِنْ أَحَلُّوا لَهُمْ حَرَاماً وَ حَرَّمُوا عَلَيْهِمْ حَلَالًا فَعَبَدُوهُمْ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Abdullah Bin Yahya, from Ibn Muskan, from Abu Baseer,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘(What about the Verse) [9:31] They are taking their Rabbis and their Monks for lords besides Allah?’ So he-asws said: ‘But, by Allah-azwj! They (their priests) did not call to them their own worship. And had they called them, they would not have responded. But, they (priests) permitted for them what was Prohibited, and they prohibited what was Permissible. Thus, they worshipped them (indirectly) from where (an aspect) they were not aware’ ( Al-Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Intellect and Ignorance CH 18 H 1)
[7] The legality of the unborn (of an eatable animal) is materialized when the legality of (slaughtering of) its mother is materialized
[8] Ruin his life of the world as well as his Hereafter.
[9] تحف العقول، النص، ص: 415