CHAPTER 24
AL-NOOR
(Th Light)
(64 VERSES)
VERSES 1 – 35
بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ
Brief Introduction of Al-Noor (24):
Sura Al-Noor (64 verses) was revealed in Madinah.[1] The name of Sura Al-Noor comes from the verse 24:35.
‘From Amir Al-Momineen-asws having said: ‘Their law during the pre-Islamic period was that when the woman committed adultery, she would be contained in a room and there would be a custodian for her maintenance until the death came to her and when the man committed adultery, they would expel him from their gatherings, and insult him, and hurt him, and fault (shame) him, and there did not happen to recognise other than this.
Allah-azwj the Exalted Said in the beginning of Al Islam: And those from your women who are committing the immoralities, call against them four witnesses from you. So if they do testify, then withhold them in the houses until the death claims them or Allah Makes a way for them [4:15]. And those two from you who are committing it, hurt them. So if they both repent and amend, turn aside from them both. Surely Allah would always be Oft-returning, Merciful [4:16].
When the Muslims were many, and Al-Islam was strong, and they shunned matters of the pre-Islamic period, Allah-azwj the Exalted Revealed: The adulteress and the adulterer, flog each one of them a hundred lashes, [24:2] – up to the end of the Verse. So, this Verse Abrogated the Verse of the containment and the hurting (4:15 and 4:16 have been abrogated by 24:2)’’.[2]
Abu Ja’far-asws said, regarding the Words of Allah-azwj: and let their punishment be witnessed – He-azwj is Saying, their being beaten – by a group from the Momineen [24:2] – the people should be gathered for them when they are whipped’’.[3]
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘One who says regarding a Momin what his eyes have seen and his ears have heard, he would be from those Allah-azwj Said: Those who love that the scandal should spread regarding those who believe, for them would be a painful Punishment, in the world and the Hereafter [24:19]’’.[4]
‘Abu Al-Hassan Al-Musa-asws (7th Imam), was asked by a companion, about a man from my brethren, something reaches me from him which I dislike for him. So, I ask about it and he deny that, and I have been informed about it by reliable people’.
He-asws said to me: ‘O Muhammad! Belie your hearing and your sight. Even if fifty (persons) were to testify in your presence swearing, and he says to you a word, ratify him and belie them, and do not broadcast anything against him shaming him with it and demolishing his personality by it, so you will be from those Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: Those who love that the scandal should spread regarding those who believe, for them would be a painful Punishment, in the world and the Hereafter [24:19]’’.[5]
Abu Ja`far-asws said regarding His-azwj statement, “And let not those among you who are endowed with bounty and wealth swear not to give to their kinsmen (24:22)” – Meaning the relatives of the Rasool Allah-saww, the needy, and the emigrants in the cause of Allah – “and let them pardon and overlook (24:22).” He-asws says, “Let some of you forgive others and overlook their faults.” So, if you do, it will be a mercy from Allah-azwj to you. Allah-azwj Says:, “Do you not love that Allah should forgive you? And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful (24:22).[6]
In a sermon of Amir Al-Momineen-asws at the recitation of: Men whom neither trading nor selling diverts them from the Zikr of Allah [24:37], he-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Glorious has Made the Zikr a polishing for the hearts to hear with it after the deafness and be insightful with it after the blindness, and succumb with it after the obstinacy (see the Hadeeth in Appendix I).[7]
Regarding the Words of Allah-azwj: And they are saying, ‘We believe in Allah and in the Rasool and we obey!’ Then a group of them turned back after this, and they are not with the Momineen [24:47]. Abu Abdullah-asws (6th Imam) says: ‘This Verse was Revealed regarding Amir Al-Momineen-asws and Usman, and that is because there was a dispute between them regarding a garden. Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘Are you please with Rasool-Allah-saww (as a judge between us)?’
Abdul Rahman Bin Awf said to Usman, ‘Do not seek judgment to Rasool-Allah-saww for he-saww would judge for him-asws against you, but seek judgment to Ibn Shayba the Jew’. Usman said to Amir Al-Momineen-asws, ‘I am not pleased except with Ibn Shayba the Jew’. Ibn Shayba said to Usman, ‘You are trusting Muhammad-saww upon Revelation of the sky and you are accusing him-saww regarding the judgments?’ So, Allah-azwj Revealed unto His-azwj Rasool-saww: when they are invited to Allah and His Rasool for him to judge between them [24:51] – up to His-azwj Words: But these, they are the unjust ones [24:50].
Then He-azwj Mentioned Amir Al-Momineen-asws, and He-azwj Said: But rather, the word of the Momineen when they are invited to Allah and His Rasool for him to judge between them is they are saying, ‘We hear and we obey!’ And these, they would be the successful ones [24:51]’’.[8]
The king of Rome wrote to Muawiya asking him about certain characteristics, and it was among what he asked him, ‘Inform me about nothing’. He was confused, so Amro Bin Al-Aas-la said, ‘Divert horses and show them to the camp of Ali-asws to be sold, so when it is said to the one who is with him, ‘For how much?’ He would say, ‘For nothing’. Perhaps the issue would come out’.
The man came to the camp of Ali-asws, then Ali-asws passed by him and with him-asws was Qanbar. He-asws said: ‘O Qanbar! Bargain with him’. He said, ‘How much is the horse for?’ He said, ‘For nothing’. He-asws said: ‘O Qanbar! Take it from him’. He said, ‘Give me ‘nothing’. So, he-asws took him to the desert and showed him the mirage and he-asws said: ‘That is nothing’.
He-asws said: ‘Go and inform him’. He said, ‘And how shall I say it?’ (He-asws said): ‘But, have you not heard Allah-azwj the Exalted Saying: The thirsty one reckons it to be water, until when he comes to it, he does not find anything, [24:39]’’.[9]
‘Abu Abdullah-asws (6th Imam) has said: ‘Slandering the married women is from the major sins because Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Says: they would be Cursed in the world and the Hereafter, and for them is a grievous Punishment [24:23]’’.[10]
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Shun seven destructive sins – the association (Shirk) with Allah-azwj’ – up to he-saww said: ‘And slandering the married women, married women, the unaware Mominaat, [24:23]’’.[11]
‘I said to Abu Abdullah Al-Sadiq-asws, ‘(What about): Allah is Light of the skies and the earth [24:35]?’ He-asws said: ‘Such is Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic’. I said, ‘An example of His Light [24:35]?’ He-asws said: ‘Muhammad-saww’. I said, ‘is like a niche?’ He-asws said: ‘Chest of Muhammad-saww’. I said, ‘wherein is a lamp?’ He-asws said: ‘In it is the light of Knowledge, meaning the Prophet-hood’. I said, ‘the lamp is in a glass?’ He-asws said: ‘The Knowledge of Rasool-Allah-saww passed on to the heart of Ali-asws’.
I said, ‘as if it is?’ He-asws said: ‘For which thing are you reading ‘as if it is?’ So I said, ‘So how, may I be sacrificed for you-asws?’ He-asws said: ‘as if it is a brightly shining star’. I said, ‘ignited from a Blessed olive tree, neither eastern nor western?’ He-asws said: ‘That is Amir-Al-Momineen Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, neither Jewish nor Christian’.
I said, ‘Its oil almost illuminates and even though fire does not touch it?’ He-asws said: ‘The Knowledge almost comes out from the mouth of the Knowledgeable one-asws from the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww from before he-asws speaks it’. I said, ‘Light upon Light?’ He-asws said: ‘The Imam-asws in the footsteps of the Imam-asws’’.[12]
‘Al-Reza-asws (8th Imam) wrote in a letter: ‘Our-asws example in the Book of Allah-azwj is like a niche wherein is a lamp [24:35]. So, we-asws are the niche, wherein is a lamp. The lamp is Muhammad-saww Rasool-Allah-as. the lamp is in a glass, from its pure elements – up to the Words of the Exalted: neither eastern nor western, neither disgusting nor evil.
Its oil almost illuminates and even though fire does not touch it – the Quran. Light upon Light – Imam-asws after an Imam-asws. Allah Guides to His Light ones He so Desires to, [24:35] – the Verse. So, the Light is Ali-asws. Allah-azwj Guides to our-asws Wilayah, the one He-azwj Loves, and there is a right upon Allah-azwj that He-azwj Resurrects ones is our-asws Wilayah with a bright face, His-azwj Proof being radiant, a phenomenon in the Presence of Allah-azwj of His-azwj Divine Authorities’’.[13]
It was asked from Imam Al-Sadiq-asws about His-azwj Words: (The Light is) in houses which Allah has Allowed to be Exalted and His Name is being Mentioned in these; [24:36], he-asws said: ‘These are houses of the Prophets-as and house of Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws is from these’’.[14]
‘Abu Ja’far-asws said about this Verse: ‘And those who commit Kufr,– the clan of Umayya, their deeds are like a distant mirage. The thirsty one reckons it to be water, – and the thirsty one is Na’sal (Umar). He would go with them and say, I will take you to the water’, until when he comes to it, he does not find anything, and he would find Allah, in Whose Presence He will Fulfil his Recompense, and Allah is Swift in Reckoning [24:39]’’.[15]
It was asked from Imam Al-Baqir Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws, (regarding the Verse):
وَ قَالَ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ وَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَعْمالُهُمْ كَسَرابٍ بِقِيعَةٍ يَحْسَبُهُ الظَّمْآنُ ماءً حَتَّى إِذا جاءَهُ لَمْ يَجِدْهُ شَيْئاً كَذَلِكَ النَّاصِبُ يَحْسَبُ مَا قَدَّمَ مِنْ عَمَلِهِ نَافِعَةً حَتَّى إِذَا جَاءَهُ لَمْ يَجِدْهُ شَيْئاً
And Majestic and Mighty Said: And those who commit Kufr, their deeds are like a distant mirage. The thirsty one reckons it to be water, until when he comes to it, he does not find anything, [24:39] – like that is the Nasibi (Hostile one). He reckons whatever from his deeds he has sent ahead would be beneficial, until when he comes to it, he will not find anything.[16]
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the Words of Mighty and Majestic: Or like the darkness in the fathomless ocean, a wave covers it from above a wave, – he-asws said: ‘Companions of (battles of) the camel, and Siffeen, and Al-Naharwan.
مِنْ فَوْقِهِ سَحابٌ ظُلُماتٌ بَعْضُها فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ قَالَ بَنُو أُمَيَّةَ إِذا أَخْرَجَ يَدَهُ يَعْنِي أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي ظُلُمَاتِهِمْ لَمْ يَكَدْ يَراها أَيْ إِذَا نَطَقَ بِالْحِكْمَةِ بَيْنَهُمْ لَمْ يَقْبَلْهَا مِنْهُ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا مَنْ أَقَرَّ بِوَلَايَتِهِ ثُمَّ بِإِمَامَتِهِ
(As for): ‘(and) from above it is a cloud; darkness on top of each other. – He-asws said: ‘The clan of Umayya. When he holds out his hand, – meaning Amir Al-Momineen-asws in their darkness, he almost cannot see it – i.e., when he-asws speaks with the wisdom between them, no one accepts it from him-asws except one who acknowledges with his-asws Wilayah, then with his-asws Imamate.
وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَجْعَلِ اللَّهُ لَهُ نُوراً فَما لَهُ مِنْ نُورٍ أَيْ مَنْ لَمْ يَجْعَلِ اللَّهُ لَهُ إِمَاماً فِي الدُّنْيَا فَمَا لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ نُورٍ إِمَامٍ يُرْشِدُهُ وَ يَتَّبِعُهُ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ
And one for whom Allah does not Make light to be for him, [24:40] – i.e., one for whom does not Make an Imam-asws to be for him in the world, so there would not be for him in the Hereafter any Noor (light) of an Imam-asws, guiding him, and he can follow him-asws to the Paradise’’.[17]
‘From Abu Al-Hassan Musa-asws (7th Imam) narrates from his-asws father-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Say: ‘Obey Allah and obey the Rasool; but if you turn back, so rather upon him is what is Imposed on him [24:54], he-asws said: ‘From the listening, and the obedience, and the entrustment, and the patience, and upon you is what is Imposed on you, from the Covenant which Rasool-Allah-saww had taken against you with regards to Ali-asws and what is between you all in the Quran from the Obligation of obedience.
And the Words of the Exalted: And if you were to obey him, you would be rightly Guided [24:54], i.e., if you were to obey Ali-asws you would be guided, and it is not upon the Rasool except for the clear delivery (of the Message)’ [24:54] – this is how it was Revealed’’.[18]
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws regarding His-azwj Words: There isn’t a blame upon the blind, nor a blame upon the lame, nor a blame upon the sick, [24:61]: ‘And that is because the people of Al-Medina, before they became Muslims, were isolating the blind, and the lame, and the sick. They were not eating with them, and the Helpers among them were proud and were honoured.
They said, ‘The blind cannot see the food, and the lame are not capable of crowding upon the meal, and the sick cannot eat like what the healthy ones eats’.
They would isolate their food for them in a corner, and they were viewing that there was crime upon them in their eating with them, while the blind and the sick were saying, ‘Perhaps we should not bother them by eating with them’.
When the Prophet-saww arrived, they asked him-asws about that, so Allah-azwj Revealed: There isn’t a blame upon you if you were to eat together or separately. [24:61]’’.[19]
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about this Verse, there is no blame upon you if you were to eat from your houses or houses of your fathers, [24:61] – up to end of the Verse. I said, ‘What is the meaning of His-azwj Words: or (houses of) your friends?’
He-asws said: ‘By Allah-azwj! He is the man entering a house of his friend and eats without his permission’’.[20]
‘So when you enter houses, then greet upon yourselves [24:61] – in a report by Abu Al-Jaroud, from Abu Ja’far-asws (5th Imam) having said: ‘He-azwj is Saying, whenever the man from you enters his house, if there is anyone in it, he should greet, and if there does not happen to be anyone in it, let him say, ‘The greetings be upon us from our Lord-azwj’. Allah-azwj Says: ‘being a salutation from the Presence of Allah, Blessed, Good. [24:61]’’.[21]
MERITS
ابن بابويه، بإسناده المتقدم في فضل سورة الكهف: عن الحسن، عن أبي عبد الله المؤمن، عن ابن مسكان، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: «حصنوا أموالكم و فروجكم بتلاوة سورة النور، و حصنوا بها نساءكم، فإن من أدمن قراءتها في كل يوم، أو في كل ليلة، لم ير أحد من أهل بيته سوءا حتى يموت، فإذا هو مات، شيعه إلى قبره سبعون ألف ملك، كلهم يدعون و يستغفرون الله له، حتى يدخل في قبره
Ibn Babuwayh, by his chain which preceded in the merits of Surah Al Kahf – from Al Hassan, from Abu Abdullah Al Mo’min, from Ibn Muskan, who says:
‘Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Fortify your wealth and your private parts by the recitation of Surah Al-Noor, and fortify your womenfolk by it, for the one who habitually recites it during every day, or during every night, would never see anyone from his family in evil until he dies. So when he dies, seventy thousand Angels would bid farewell to him to his grave, each one of them supplicating and seeking Forgiveness from Allah-azwj for him, until he enters into his grave’.[22]
و من (خواص القرآن): روي عن النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله) أنه قال: «من قرأ هذه السورة كان له من الحسنات بعدد كل مؤمن و مؤمنة عشر حسنات
And from Khawas Al Quran –
It has been reported from the Prophet-saww having said: ‘The one who recites this Chapter (Surah Al-Noor) would have for himself ten times the Rewards of the number of every Momin and Momina’.[23]
عدة من أصحابنا عن سهل بن زياد عن على بن اسباط عن عمه يعقوب بن سالم رفعه قال: قال أمير المؤمنين عليه السلام: لا تعلموا نساءكم سورة يوسف، ولا تقرؤهن اياها، فان فيها الفتن وعلموهن سورة النور فان فيها المواعظ
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ali Bin Asbaat, from his uncle Yaqoub Bin Salim, raising it with an unbroken chain, said,
‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘Do not teach your womenfolk Surah Yusuf (Chapter 12), and they should not recite it, for therein is the strife. And teach them Surah Al-Noor, for therein is the advice’.[24]
وقال الصادق (عليه السلام): «من كتبها و جعلها في كسائه، أو فراشه الذي ينام عليه، لم يحتلم أبدا
And Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘One who writes it (Surah Al-Noor) and makes it to be in his garment or his bed which he sleeps upon, would not bed-wet ever!’’.[25]
VERSES 1 & 2
سُورَةٌ أَنْزَلْنَاهَا وَفَرَضْنَاهَا وَأَنْزَلْنَا فِيهَا آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ {1}
A Chapter We Revealed and Obligated, and Revealed therein clear Verses perhaps you would be mindful [24:1]
الزَّانِيَةُ وَالزَّانِي فَاجْلِدُوا كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِائَةَ جَلْدَةٍ ۖ وَلَا تَأْخُذْكُمْ بِهِمَا رَأْفَةٌ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ۖ وَلْيَشْهَدْ عَذَابَهُمَا طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ {2}
The adulteress and the adulterer, flog each one of them a hundred lashes, and do not let clemency seize you with them in the Religion of Allah if you are believing in Allah and the Last Day, and let their punishment be witnessed by a group from the Momineen [24:2]
محمد بن يعقوب: عن علي بن محمد، عن بعض أصحابه، عن آدم بن إسحاق، عن عبد الرزاق ابن مهران، عن الحسين بن ميمون، عن محمد بن سالم، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: «سورة النور نزلت بعد سورة النساء، و تصديق ذلك أن الله عز و جل أنزل عليه في سورة النساء: وَ اللَّاتِي يَأْتِينَ الْفاحِشَةَ مِنْ نِسائِكُمْ فَاسْتَشْهِدُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةً مِنْكُمْ فَإِنْ شَهِدُوا فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ فِي الْبُيُوتِ حَتَّى يَتَوَفَّاهُنَّ الْمَوْتُ أَوْ يَجْعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُنَّ سَبِيلًا
Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from Ali Bin Muhammad, from one of our companions, from Adam Bin Is’haq, from Abdul Razaq Ibn Mahran, from Al Husayn Bin Maymoun, from Muhammad Bin Salim, who has narrated:
‘Abu Ja’far-asws has said: ‘Surah Al-Noor (Chapter 24) was Revealed after Surah Al-Nisa (Chapter 4), and the ratification of that is that Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed to him-saww in Surah Al-Nisa: And those from your women who are committing the immoralities, call against them four witnesses from you. So if they do testify, then withhold them in the houses until the death claims them or Allah Makes a way for them [4:15].
و السبيل الذي قال الله عز و جل: سُورَةٌ أَنْزَلْناها وَ فَرَضْناها وَ أَنْزَلْنا فِيها آياتٍ بَيِّناتٍ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ الزَّانِيَةُ وَ الزَّانِي فَاجْلِدُوا كُلَّ واحِدٍ مِنْهُما مِائَةَ جَلْدَةٍ وَ لا تَأْخُذْكُمْ بِهِما رَأْفَةٌ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَ الْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَ لْيَشْهَدْ عَذابَهُما طائِفَةٌ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
And the way which Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Speaks of is: A Chapter We Revealed and Obligated, and Revealed therein clear Verses perhaps you would be mindful [24:1] The adulteress and the adulterer, flog each one of them a hundred lashes, and do not let clemency seize you with them in the Religion of Allah if you are believing in Allah and the Last Day, and let their punishment be witnessed by a group from the Momineen [24:2]’.[26]
الشيخ: بإسناده عن الحسين بن سعيد، عن محمد بن يحيى، عن غياث بن إبراهيم، عن جعفر، عن أبيه (عليهما السلام)، عن أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)، في قول الله عز و جل: وَ لا تَأْخُذْكُمْ بِهِما رَأْفَةٌ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ، قال: «في إقامة الحدود
Al Sheykh, by his chain from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ghayas Bin Ibrahim, who narrates:
(Imam) Ja’far-asws, from his-asws father-asws, who from Amir Al-Momineen-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: and do not let clemency seize you with them in the Religion of Allah, he-asws said: ‘With regards to the establishment of the Legal punishment’.
و في قوله تعالى: وَ لْيَشْهَدْ عَذابَهُما طائِفَةٌ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، قال: «الطائفة واحد- و قال- لا يستخلف صاحب الحد
And regarding the Words of the Exalted: and let their punishment be witnessed by a group from the Momineen [24:2], he-asws said: (Even if there is) one (person), – and said: ‘The inflictor of the Legal punishment cannot stay behind (from doing it)’.[27]
علي بن إبراهيم، قال: و في رواية أبي الجارود، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، في قوله: وَ لْيَشْهَدْ عَذابَهُما يقول: «ضربهما طائِفَةٌ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يجمع لهم الناس إذا جلدوا
Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘And in a report of Abu Al Jaroud,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws (having said) regarding His-azwj Words: and let their punishment be witnessed by a group from the Momineen [24:2]: ‘They would be whipped by a group of the Momineen, from the people who would have gathered to them when they are being whipped’’.[28]
الطبرسي، في معنى الطائفة: عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام): «أقله رجل واحد
Al-Tabarsy, regarding the meaning of (the phrase) ‘The group [24:2] – from Abu Ja’far-asws (having said): ‘The least of it is one man’’.[29]
VERSE 3
الزَّانِي لَا يَنْكِحُ إِلَّا زَانِيَةً أَوْ مُشْرِكَةً وَالزَّانِيَةُ لَا يَنْكِحُهَا إِلَّا زَانٍ أَوْ مُشْرِكٌ ۚ وَحُرِّمَ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ {3}
The adulterer cannot marry except and adulteress or a Polytheist woman, and the adulteress, none can marry her except an adulterer or a Polytheist man; and that is Prohibited unto the Momineen [24:3]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ سِرْحَانَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الزَّانِي لا يَنْكِحُ إِلَّا زانِيَةً أَوْ مُشْرِكَةً قَالَ هُنَّ نِسَاءٌ مَشْهُورَاتٌ بِالزِّنَا وَ رِجَالٌ مَشْهُورُونَ بِالزِّنَا شُهِرُوا وَ عُرِفُوا بِهِ وَ النَّاسُ الْيَوْمَ بِذَلِكَ الْمَنْزِلِ فَمَنْ أُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ حَدُّ الزِّنَا أَوْ مُتَّهَمٌ بِالزِّنَا لَمْ يَنْبَغِ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُنَاكِحَهُ حَتَّى يَعْرِفَ مِنْهُ التَّوْبَةَ
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr, from Dawood Bin Sirhan, from Zurara who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: The adulterer cannot marry except and adulteress [24:3]. He-asws said: ‘These are women well known with the adultery and men well known with the adultery, being famous and recognised with it, and the people today are with that status. So the one upon whom a Legal Penalty (Hadd) has been established, or has been accused with the adultery, it is not befitting for anyone that he should marry him until the repentance is recognised from him’.[30]
حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْمِيثَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ حَكَمِ بْنِ حُكَيْمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ الزَّانِيَةُ لا يَنْكِحُها إِلَّا زانٍ أَوْ مُشْرِكٌ قَالَ إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ فِي الْجَهْرِ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَوْ أَنَّ إِنْسَاناً زَنَى ثُمَّ تَابَ تَزَوَّجَ حَيْثُ شَاءَ
Humeyd Bin Ziyad, from Al Hassan Bin Muhammad Bin Sama’at, from Ahmad Bin Al Hassan Al Maysami, from Aban, from Hakam Bin Hukeym,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of the Mighty and Majestic: The adulterer cannot marry except and adulteress or a Polytheist woman [24:3]. He-asws said: ‘But rather, that is regarding the open (blatant)’. Then he-asws said: ‘If a person commits adultery, then repents, he can marry wherever he so desires to’.[31]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) وَ أَنَا أَسْمَعُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يَتَزَوَّجُ امْرَأَةً مُتْعَةً وَ يَشْتَرِطُ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ لَا يَطْلُبَ وَلَدَهَا فَتَأْتِي بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِوَلَدٍ فَشَدَّدَ فِي إِنْكَارِ الْوَلَدِ وَ قَالَ أَ يَجْحَدُهُ إِعْظَاماً لِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ فَإِنِ اتَّهَمَهَا
Muhammad Bin Yahy, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Ismail who said,
‘A man asked Abu Al-Hassan Al-Reza-asws and I was listening, about a man who married a woman with Mut’a and stipulated upon her that he would not seek her child. So she came over after that with a child, and he was intense in the denial of the child, so he-asws said: ‘Did he fight it greatly due to that?’ The man said, ‘But, he was accusing her’.
فَقَالَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لَكَ أَنْ تَتَزَوَّجَ إِلَّا مُؤْمِنَةً أَوْ مُسْلِمَةً فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ الزَّانِي لا يَنْكِحُ إِلَّا زانِيَةً أَوْ مُشْرِكَةً وَ الزَّانِيَةُ لا يَنْكِحُها إِلَّا زانٍ أَوْ مُشْرِكٌ وَ حُرِّمَ ذلِكَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
He-asws said: ‘It is not befitting for you that you marry except for a Momina, or a Muslim woman, for Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: The adulterer cannot marry except and adulteress or a Polytheist woman, and the adulteress, none can marry her except an adulterer or a Polytheist man; and that is Prohibited unto the Momineen [24:3]’.[32]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ آدَمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ وَ أَنْزَلَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ الزَّانِي لا يَنْكِحُ إِلَّا زانِيَةً أَوْ مُشْرِكَةً وَ الزَّانِيَةُ لا يَنْكِحُها إِلَّا زانٍ أَوْ مُشْرِكٌ وَ حُرِّمَ ذلِكَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَلَمْ يُسَمِّ اللَّهُ الزَّانِيَ مُؤْمِناً وَ لَا الزَّانِيَةَ مُؤْمِنَةً
Ali Bin Muhammad, from one of his companions, from Adam Bin Is’haq, from Abdul Razzaq Bin Mihran, from Al Husayn Bin Maymoun, from Muhammad Bin Salim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: And He-azwj Revealed in Al-Medina: [24:3] The adulterer shall not marry any but a adulteress or an idolatress, and (as for) the adulteress, none shall marry her but an adulterer or an idolater; and that is Forbidden to the Momineen (plural of Momin). Allah-azwj did not Name the adulterer as a Momin nor the adulteress as a Momina (believing woman).
وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) لَيْسَ يَمْتَرِي فِيهِ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لَا يَزْنِي الزَّانِي حِينَ يَزْنِي وَ هُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ وَ لَا يَسْرِقُ السَّارِقُ حِينَ يَسْرِقُ وَ هُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ خُلِعَ عَنْهُ الْإِيمَانُ كَخَلْعِ الْقَمِيصِ
And Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘And the knowledgeable people would not doubt in it’. He-saww said: ‘An adulterer would not commit adultery when he is committing adultery while he is a Momin, nor would a Momin be a thief but when he steals, the Emān departs from him. The Emān would be removed from him like the removal of the shirt’.
وَ نَزَلَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَ الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَناتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَداءَ فَاجْلِدُوهُمْ ثَمانِينَ جَلْدَةً وَ لا تَقْبَلُوا لَهُمْ شَهادَةً أَبَداً وَ أُولئِكَ هُمُ الْفاسِقُونَ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تابُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ ذلِكَ وَ أَصْلَحُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ فَبَرَّأَهُ اللَّهُ مَا كَانَ مُقِيماً عَلَى الْفِرْيَةِ مِنْ أَنْ يُسَمَّى بِالْإِيمَانِ
And He-azwj Revealed in Al-Medina: And those who slander the chaste women then do not come with four witnesses, so whip them eighty lashes and do not accept the testimony from them, ever, and these, they are the transgressors [24:4] Except those who repent after that and amend, for surely Allah is Forgiving, Merciful [24:5]. So Allah-azwj Disavowed whoever was staying upon the lie from him being Named as being with the Emān. [33]
VERSES 4 & 5
وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ فَاجْلِدُوهُمْ ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً وَلَا تَقْبَلُوا لَهُمْ شَهَادَةً أَبَدًا ۚ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ {4}
And those who slander the chaste women then do not come with four witnesses, so whip them eighty lashes and do not accept the testimony from them, ever, and those ones, they are the transgressors [24:4]
إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَٰلِكَ وَأَصْلَحُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ {5}
Except those who repent after that and amend, for surely Allah is Forgiving, Merciful [24:5]
محمد بن يعقوب: عن عدة من أصحابنا، عن سهل بن زياد، عن عبد الرحمن بن أبي نجران، عن عاصم بن حميد، عن أبي بصير، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في الرجل يقذف الرجل بالزنا، قال: «يجلد، هو في كتاب الله عز و جل، و سنة نبيه (صلى الله عليه و آله)
Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from a number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Abdul Rahman Bin Abu Najran, from Aasim Bin Hameed, from Abu Baseer, who narrates:
From Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the man who slanders upon the man of the adultery, he-asws said: ‘Flog him, and it is in the Book of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and Sunnah of His-azwj Prophet-saww’.
قال: و سألت أبا عبد الله (عليه السلام) عن الرجل يقذف الجارية الصغيرة، فقال: «لا يجلد إلا أن تكون قد أدركت، أو قاربت
He (the narrator) said, ‘And I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the man who slanders the young girl. So he-asws said: ‘Do no whip him except if she happened to have reached adulthood, or near to it’.[34]
علي بن إبراهيم، قال: حدثني أبي، عن حماد عن حريز، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: «القاذف يجلد ثمانين جلدة، و لا تقبل له شهادة أبدا إلا بعد التوبة، أو يكذب نفسه، فإن شهد له ثلاثة و أبى واحد، يجلد الثلاثة، و لا تقبل شهادتهم، حتى يقول أربعة: رأينا مثل الميل في المكحلة و من شهد على نفسه أنه زنى، لم تقبل شهادته حتى يعيدها أربع مرات
Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘My father narrated to me, from Hamaad, from Hareyz, who narrates:
‘Abu Abdullah-asws has said: ‘The slanderer, flog him with eighty lashes, and do not accept any testimony from him ever, except after the repentance, or he belies himself. But if three were to testify, and one refuses to, flog the three of them, and do not accept their testimonies until the fourth one says, ‘We saw the like of a dip in the container. And the one who testifies against himself that he himself is an adulterer. Do not accept the testimonies until he repeats it four times’.[35]
وعنه، قال: حدثني أبي، عن عبد الرحمن بن أبي نجران، عن عاصم بن حميد، عن أبي بصير، قال: قال أبو عبد الله (عليه السلام): «إنه جاء رجل إلى أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)، فقال له: يا أمير المؤمنين، إني زنيت، فطهرني، فقال أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام): أ بك جنة؟ قال: لا. قال: فتقرأ شيئا من القرآن شيئا؟ قال: نعم. فقال له: ممن أنت؟ فقال: أنا من مزينة، أو جهينة. قال: اذهب حتى أسأل عنك. فسأل عنه، فقالوا: يا أمير المؤمنين، هذا رجل صحيح العقل، مسلم
And from him (Ali Bin Ibrahim) who said, ‘My father narrated to me, from Abdul Rahman Bin Abu Najran, from Aasim Bin Hameed, from Abu Baseer who said:
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘A man came up to Amir Al-Momineen-asws and said to him-asws, ‘O Amir Al-Momineen-asws I have committed adultery, so purify me’. Amir Al-Momineen-asws said to him: ‘Are you with insanity?’ He said, ‘No’. He-asws said: ‘So have you read anything from the Quran?’ He said, ‘Yes’. So he-asws said to him: ‘Where are you from?’ He said, ‘I am from Mazyna’, or said, ‘Jaheyna’. He-asws said: ‘Go (back) until I ask around about you’. So he-asws asked around about him, and they said, ‘O Amir Al-Momineen-asws! This is a man of correct intellect, a Muslim’.
ثم رجع إليه، فقال: يا أمير المؤمنين، إني زنيت، فطهرني، فقال: ويحك، أ لك زوجة؟ قال: نعم. قال: فكنت حاضرها، أو غائبا عنها؟ قال: بل كنت حاضرها، فقال: اذهب حتى ننظر في أمرك
Then he returned to him-asws and said, ‘O Amir Al-Momineen-asws! I have committed adultery, so purify me’. He-asws said: ‘Woe be unto you! Have you a wife?’ He said, ‘Yes’. He-asws said, ‘Was she present (you had an access to her) or were you absent from her?’ He said, ‘But, she was present’. So he-asws said: ‘Go (back), until I-asws look into your matter’.
فجاء إليه الثالثة، و ذكر له ذلك، فأعاد عليه أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)، فذهب، ثم رجع في الرابعة، فقال: إني زنيت فطهرني. فأمر أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) بحبسه
Then he came up to him-asws for a third time, and mentioned that to him-asws. So Amir Al-Momineen-asws repeated it to him, so he went away. Then he returned for a fourth time and said, ‘I have committed adultery, so purify me’. So Amir Al-Momineen-asws ordered for him to be imprisoned.
ثم نادى أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام): أيها الناس، إن هذا الرجل يحتاج أن يقام عليه حد الله، فاخرجوا متنكرين، لا يعرف بعضكم بعضا، و معكم أحجاركم
Then Amir Al-Momineen-asws called out: ‘O you people! This man here wants to have the Legal punishment established upon him, so come out disguised, so that you cannot be recognised by each other, and with you should be stones!’
فلما كان من الغد، أخرجه أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) بالغلس ، و صلى ركعتين، ثم حفر حفيرة، و وضعه فيها، ثم نادى: أيها الناس، إن هذه حقوق الله، لا يطلبها من كان عنده لله حق مثله، فمن كان لله عليه حق مثله فلينصرف، فإنه لا يقيم الحد من كان لله عليه الحد
When it was the next day, Amir Al-Momineen-asws took him out at the end part of the night, and prayed two Cycles of Salat, then dug a hole, and placed him in it, then called out: ‘O you people! These are the Rights of Allah-azwj, none should seek it (to stone) if there was a right similar to it against himself. So the one against whom is a similar right should leave, for he against who is a Legal punishment due, should not establish a Legal punishment’.
فانصرف الناس، فأخذ أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) حجرا، فكبر أربع تكبيرات، فرماه، ثم أخذ الحسن (عليه السلام) مثله، ثم فعل الحسين (عليه السلام) مثله، فلما مات أخرجه أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)، و صلى عليه، و دفنه
The people left. Amir Al-Momineen-asws took a stone, exclaimed four Takbeers, and stoned him. Then Al-Hassan-asws took a similar stone and stoned him. Then Al-Husayn-asws acted similarly. So when he had died, Amir Al-Momineen-asws took him out, and prayed Salat over him, and buried him.
فقالوا: يا أمير المؤمنين، ألا تغسله؟ قال: قد اغتسل بما هو منها طاهر إلى يوم القيامة
They (people) said, ‘O Amir Al-Momineen-asws, you-asws are not washing his body?’ He-asws said: ‘He has been washed from what he has been through and is purified until the Day of Judgement’.
ثم قال أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام): أيها الناس من أتى هذه القاذورة فليتب إلى الله تعالى فيما بينه و بين الله، فوالله لتوبة إلى الله في السر أفضل من أن يفضح نفسه، و يهتك ستره
Then Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘O you people! The one who comes with this ugly deed, and repents to Allah-azwj the Exalted regarding what is between him and between Allah-azwj, then the repentance to Allah-azwj in secret is better than that he should expose himself and violates his veil’.[36]
VERSES 6 – 9
وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ أَزْوَاجَهُمْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ شُهَدَاءُ إِلَّا أَنْفُسُهُمْ فَشَهَادَةُ أَحَدِهِمْ أَرْبَعُ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللَّهِ ۙ إِنَّهُ لَمِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ {6}
And those who accuse their wives and there do not happen to be any witnesses for them except for their own selves, so the testimony of one of them is four testimonies with Allah that he is from the truthful ones [24:6]
وَالْخَامِسَةُ أَنَّ لَعْنَتَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ {7}
And the fifth, then the Curse of Allah would be upon him if he was from the liars [24:7]
وَيَدْرَأُ عَنْهَا الْعَذَابَ أَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَرْبَعَ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللَّهِ ۙ إِنَّهُ لَمِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ {8}
And the punishment would be staved off from her if she testifies with four testimonies with Allah, that he is from the liars [24:8]
وَالْخَامِسَةَ أَنَّ غَضَبَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ {9}
And the fifth, then the Wrath of Allah would be upon her if he was from the truthful ones [24:9]
محمد بن يعقوب: عن علي بن إبراهيم، عن أبيه، عن ابن محبوب، عن عبد الرحمن بن الحجاج، قال: إن عباد البصري سأل أبا عبد الله (عليه السلام)، و أنا حاضر: كيف يلاعن الرجل المرأة؟
Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Mahboub, from Abdul Rahman Bin Al Hajaaj who said,
‘Abaad Al-Basry asked Abu Abdullah-asws and I was present, ‘How does the man curse the woman?’
فقال أبو عبد الله (عليه السلام): «إن رجلا من المسلمين أتى رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، فقال: يا رسول الله، أ رأيت لو أن رجلا دخل منزله، فوجد مع امرأته رجلا يجامعها، ما كان يصنع؟ قال: «فأعرض عنه رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، فانصرف ذلك الرجل، و كان ذلك الرجل هو الذي ابتلي بذلك من امرأته
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘A man from the Muslims came to Rasool-Allah-saww and said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! What is your-saww view, if a man were to enter his house and finds his wife with a man copulating with her, what should he do?’ But Rasool-Allah-azwj turned away from him, so that man left. And that man was the one who had been in that situation from his wife’.
قال- فنزل عليه الوحي من عند الله تعالى بالحكم فيهما، فأرسل رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) إلى ذلك الرجل فدعاه، فقال له: أنت الذي رأيت مع امرأتك رجلا؟ فقال نعم. فقال له: انطلق فأتني بامرأتك، فإن الله تعالى قد أنزل الحكم فيك و فيها
He-asws said: ‘Then the Revelation descended upon him-saww from the Presence of Allah-azwj with the Judgement regarding both of them. So Rasool-Allah-saww sent a message for the man to be called over and said to him: ‘Are you the one who saw his wife with a man?’ So he said, ‘Yes’. So he-saww said to him: ‘Go and bring your wife, for Allah-azwj the Exalted has Revealed the Judgement regarding you and her’.
قال: «فأحضرها زوجها، فأوقفهما رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، ثم قال للزوج: اشهد أربع شهادات بالله أنك لمن الصادقين فيما رميتها به- قال- فشهد، ثم قال له: اتق الله. فإن لعنة الله شديدة
He-asws said: ‘He came with his wife. Rasool-Allah-saww paused both of them, then said to the husband: ‘Do you testify four times, keeping Allah-azwj as a witness that you are from the truthful, regarding what you are accusing her of?’ He testified. Then he-saww said to him: ‘Fear Allah-azwj, for the Curse of Allah-azwj is Intense’.
ثم قال له: اشهد الخامسة أن لعنة الله عليك إن كنت من الكاذبين- قال- فشهد، ثم أمر به فنحي
Then he-saww said to him: ‘Do you testify for a fifth time that the Curse of Allah-azwj be upon you if you are from the liars?’ He testified. Then he-saww ordered him to be on the side.
ثم قال للمرأة: اشهدي أربع شهادات بالله أن زوجك لمن الكاذبين فيما رماك به- قال- فشهدت، ثم قال لها: أمسكي فوعظها، و قال لها: اتق الله، فإن غضب الله شديد
Then he-saww said to his wife: ‘Do you testify four times, keeping Allah-azwj as a Witness that your husband is from the liars regarding what he is accusing you of?’ She testified. Then he-saww said to her: ‘Hold on (for a while). So he-saww preached to her, and said to her: ‘Fear Allah-azwj, for the Wrath of Allah-azwj is Intense’.
ثم قال لها اشهدي الخامسة أن غضب الله عليك إن كان زوجك من الصادقين فيما رماك به- قال- فشهدت- قال- ففرق بينهما، و قال لهما: لا تجتمعا بنكاح أبدا بعد ما تلاعنتما
Then he-saww said to her: ‘Do you testify for the fifth time that the Wrath of Allah-azwj should be upon you if your husband is from the truthful ones regarding what he is accusing you of?’ She testified. So he-saww separated the two of them and said to the both of them: ‘Do not copulate ever after what you have cursed each other’.[37]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنِ الْمُثَنَّى عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ أَزْواجَهُمْ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ شُهَداءُ إِلَّا أَنْفُسُهُمْ قَالَ هُوَ الْقَاذِفُ الَّذِي يَقْذِفُ امْرَأَتَهُ فَإِذَا قَذَفَهَا ثُمَّ أَقَرَّ أَنَّهُ كَذَبَ عَلَيْهَا جُلِدَ الْحَدَّ وَ رُدَّتْ إِلَيْهِ امْرَأَتُهُ وَ إِنْ أَبَى إِلَّا أَنْ يَمْضِيَ فَيَشْهَدُ عَلَيْهَا أَرْبَعَ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَمِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ وَ الْخَامِسَةُ يَلْعَنُ فِيهَا نَفْسَهُ إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr, from Al Musna, from Zurara who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws was asked about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: And those who accuse their wives and there do not happen to be any witnesses for them except for their own selves [24:6]. He-asws said: ‘He is the slanderer who slanders his wife. So when he has slandered her, then he accepts that he had lied against her. He would be whipped the legal penalty (Hadd), and his wife would be returned to him. And if he refuses except that he stands by it, so he should testify against her with four testimonies by Allah-azwj that he is from the truthful ones, and fifthly he should curse himself in it, if he was from the liars.
فَإِنْ أَرَادَتْ أَنْ تَدْفَعَ عَنْ نَفْسِهَا الْعَذَابَ وَ الْعَذَابُ هُوَ الرَّجْمُ شَهِدَتْ أَرْبَعَ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَمِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ وَ الْخَامِسَةُ أَنَّ غَضَبَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلْ رُجِمَتْ وَ إِنْ فَعَلَتْ دَرَأَتْ عَنْ نَفْسِهَا الْحَدَّ ثُمَّ لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ
So, if she intends to repel the punishment from herself, and the punishment is the stoning, she should testify with four testimonies with Allah-azwj that he is from the liars, and the fifth that the Wrath of Allah-azwj would be upon her if he was from the truthful ones. So if she does not do that, she would be stoned, and if she does do it, it would stave off the legal penalty (Hadd) from her, then she would not be Permissible for him until the Day of Judgement’.
قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ لَهَا وَلَدٌ فَمَاتَ قَالَ تَرِثُهُ أُمُّهُ وَ إِنْ مَاتَتْ أُمُّهُ وَرِثَهُ أَخْوَالُهُ وَ مَنْ قَالَ إِنَّهُ وَلَدُ زِنًى جُلِدَ الْحَدَّ قُلْتُ يُرَدُّ إِلَيْهِ الْوَلَدُ إِذَا أَقَرَّ بِهِ قَالَ لَا وَ لَا كَرَامَةَ وَ لَا يَرِثُ الِابْنَ وَ يَرِثُهُ الِابْنُ
I said, ‘What is your-asws view if there is separation between the two of them and for her is a child, and it dies’. He-asws said: ‘Its mother would inherit it, and if its mother dies, its maternal uncles would inherit it, and the one who says that he is a son of adultery would be whipped the legal penalty (Hadd)’. I said, ‘Would the child be returned to him if he accepts it?’ He-asws said: ‘No, and there is no honour, and the father would not inherit it, but the son would inherit him’.[38]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ مُثَنًّى الْحَنَّاطِ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ أَزْواجَهُمْ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ شُهَداءُ إِلَّا أَنْفُسُهُمْ قَالَ هُوَ الَّذِي يَقْذِفُ امْرَأَتَهُ فَإِذَا قَذَفَهَا ثُمَّ أَقَرَّ بِأَنَّهُ كَذَبَ عَلَيْهَا جُلِدَ الْحَدَّ وَ رُدَّتْ إِلَيْهِ امْرَأَتُهُ وَ إِنْ أَبَى إِلَّا أَنْ يَمْضِيَ فَشَهِدَ عَلَيْهَا أَرْبَعَ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَمِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ وَ الْخَامِسَةُ يَلْعَنُ فِيهَا نَفْسَهُ إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr, from Musny Al Hanaat, from Zurara who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws was asked about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: And those who accuse their wives and there do not happen to be any witnesses for them except for their own selves [24:6], he-asws said: ‘He is the one who accuses his wife, so when he has accused her, then he accepts that he had lied against her, would be whipped the Penalty (Hadd), and his wife would be returned to him. So if he refuses (to admit having lied) and stands by it, so the testimony of one of them is four testimonies with Allah that he is from the truthful ones [24:6] And the fifth, then the Curse of Allah would be upon him if he was from the liars [24:7].
وَ إِنْ أَرَادَتْ أَنْ تَدْرَأَ عَنْ نَفْسِهَا الْعَذَابَ وَ الْعَذَابُ هُوَ الرَّجْمُ شَهِدَتْ أَرْبَعَ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَمِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ وَ الْخَامِسَةُ أَنَّ غَضَبَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا إِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلْ رُجِمَتْ فَإِنْ فَعَلَتْ دَرَأَتْ عَنْ نَفْسِهَا الْحَدَّ ثُمَّ لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ
And if she intends to stave off the punishment from herself, and the punishment, it is the stoning, she should testify by four testimonies with Allah-azwj that he is from the liars, and during the fifth that the Anger of Allah-azwj would be upon her if he was from the truthful ones. And if she does not do it, she would be stoned; and if she were to do it, the Penalty (Hadd) would be staved off from herself, then she would not be Permissible for him up to the Day of Judgement’.[39]
VERSE 10
وَلَوْلَا فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَتُهُ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَوَّابٌ حَكِيمٌ {10}
And except for Allah’s Grace upon you and His Mercy, and that Allah is Clement, Wise! [24:10]
العياشي: عن زرارة، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، و حمران، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قوله تعالى: وَ لَوْ لا فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَ رَحْمَتُهُ قال: «فضل الله: رسوله، و رحمته: ولاية الأئمة (عليهم السلام)
Al Ayyashi – narrates
From Zurara, from Abu Ja’far-asws as well as Hamran, from Abu Abdullah-asws – Regarding the Words of the Exalted: And except for Allah’s Grace upon you and His Mercy [24:10], he-asws said: ‘فَضْلُ اللَّهِ’ (Grace of Allah-azwj) is Rasool-Allah-saww, and His-azwj ‘رحمته’ Mercy is the Wilayah of the Imams-asws’.[40]
عن محمد بن الفضيل، عن العبد الصالح (عليه السلام)، قال: «الرحمة: رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، و الفضل: علي بن أبي طالب (عليه السلام)
From Muhammad Bin Al Fazeyl,
(It has been narrated) from Al-Abd Al-Salih-asws (7th Imam-asws) having said: ‘الرحمة’ The Mercy is Rasool-Allah-saww, and ‘الفضل’ the Grace is Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws’.[41]
VERSE 11
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ جَاءُوا بِالْإِفْكِ عُصْبَةٌ مِنْكُمْ ۚ لَا تَحْسَبُوهُ شَرًّا لَكُمْ ۖ بَلْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ ۚ لِكُلِّ امْرِئٍ مِنْهُمْ مَا اكْتَسَبَ مِنَ الْإِثْمِ ۚ وَالَّذِي تَوَلَّىٰ كِبْرَهُ مِنْهُمْ لَهُ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ {11}
Surely those who are coming with the falsehood are a group from you. Do not reckon it as being an evil for you, but it is better for you. For every person from them is what he has earned from the sin, and those who assumed its major share from them, for him would be a grievous Punishment [24:11]
في كتاب علل الشرايع باسناده الى عبد الرحمن القصير قال قال لى أبو جعفر عليه السلام: اما لو قام قائمنا ردت الحميراء حتى يجلدها الحد، وحتى ينتقم لابنة محمد فاطمة عليها السلام منها
In the book Al Illal Al Sharai’e, by his chain going up to Abdul Rahman Al Qusayr who said,
‘Abu Ja’far-asws said to me: ‘But, if our-asws Al-Qaim-asws rises, Al-Humeyra (Ayesha) would be returned until he-asws whips her the Legal punishment, and until he-asws takes revenge for the daughter-asws of Muhammad-saww, Fatima-asws, from her’.
قلت: جعلت فداك ولم يجلدها ؟ قال: لفريتها على ام ابراهيم، قلت: فيكف أخره الله للقائم ؟
I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! And why would he-asws whip her?’ He-asws said: ‘Due to her fabrication upon the mother of Ibrahim-as (Son-as of Rasool-Allah-saww)’.
فقال: لان الله تبارك وتعالى بعث محمدا صلى الله عليه واله رحمة وبعث القائم عليه السلام نقمة
So he-asws said: ‘Because Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Sent Muhammad-saww as a mercy and will Send Al Qaim-asws as an avenger’’.[42]
ابن بابويه، قال: حدثنا أبي، و محمد بن الحسن بن أحمد بن الوليد (رضي الله عنهما)، قالا: حدثنا سعد ابن عبد الله، قال حدثنا محمد بن الحسين بن أبي الخطاب، عن الحكم بن مسكين الثقفي، عن أبي الجارود، و هشام أبي ساسان، و أبي طارق السراج، عن عامر بن واثلة، عن أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)، في حديث المناشدة مع الخمسة الذين في الشورى. قال (عليه السلام): «نشدتكم بالله، هل علمتم أن عائشة قالت لرسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): إن إبراهيم ليس منك، و إنه ابن فلان القبطي. قال: يا علي، اذهب فاقتله. فقلت: يا رسول الله، إذا بعثتني أكون كالمسمار المحمي في الوبر، أو أتثبت؟ قال: لا، بل تثبت
Ibn Babuwayh said, ‘My father narrated to me, and Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Ahmad Bin Al Waleed who both narrated to us from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn Bin Abu Al Khattab, from Al Hakam Bin Maskeyn Al Saqafy, from Abu Al Jaroud, and Hisham Abu Sasaan, and Abu Tariq Al Siraaj, from Aamir Bin Waasilat, who has said:
Amir Al-Momineen-asws, in a Hadeeth, petitioning with the five who were in the consultation council. He-asws said: ‘I-asws adjure you with Allah-azwj! Do you know that Ayesha said to Rasool-Allah-saww that, ‘Ibrahim-as is not from you-saww, and that he is the son of so and so (Jareeh) the Coptic?’ He-saww said: ‘O Ali-asws! Go and kill him’. So I-asws said: ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! When you-saww send me-asws, I-asws am as steadfast as a nail, or even stronger?’ He-saww said: ‘No, but you-asws are stronger!’
فذهبت، فلما نظر إلي استند إلى حائط، فطرح نفسه فيه، فطرحت نفسي على أثره، فصعد على نخلة، فصعدت خلفه، فلما رآني قد صعدت رمى بإزاره، فإذا ليس له شيء مما يكون للرجال، فجئت فأخبرت رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، فقال: الحمد لله الذي صرف عنا السوء أهل البيت»؟
I-asws went. When he looked at me by the wall, he jumped off it, and I-asws followed him. He climbed upon the tree, so I-asws climbed up after him. So when he saw me-asws climb up, he threw off his cloth. He did not have for him anything from what he could become the man. So I-asws came and informed Rasool-Allah-saww, so he-saww said: ‘Praise is due to Allah-azwj, Who Exchanged the evil from us-asws the People-asws of the Household?’
فقالوا: اللهم، لا. فقال: «اللهم، اشهد
They said, ‘O Allah-azwj! No’. So he-asws said: ‘O Allah-azwj! I-asws testify so’.[43]
الحسين بن حمدان الخصيبي: بإسناده عن الرضا (عليه السلام)، أنه قال لمن بحضرته من شيعته: «هل علمتم ما قذفت به مارية القبطية، و ما ادعي عليها في ولادتها إبراهيم بن رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)؟ فقالوا: يا سيدنا، أنت أعلم، فخبرنا
Al Husayn Bin Hamdan Al Khaseybi, by his chain,
‘From Al-Reza-asws having said to the ones who were in his-asws presence from his-asws Shias: ‘Do you know what Mariah the Coptic was slandered with, and what was alleged upon her regarding her newborn Ibrahim-as son-as of Rasool-Allah-saww?’ They said, ‘O our Master-asws! You-asws are more knowing, therefore inform us’.
فقال: «إن مارية أهداها المقوقس إلى جدي رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، فحظي بها من دون أصحابه، و كان معها خادم ممسوح، يقال له: جريح، و حسن إسلامهما و إيمانهما
He-asws said: ‘Mariha the Coptic, Muqawqis[44] had gifted her to my-asws grandfather-saww Rasool-Allah-saww, so he-saww attained her from besides his-saww companions. And there was a eunuch servant with her called Jareeh, and both their Islam and their Eman was good.
ثم ملكت مارية قلب رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، فحسدها بعض أزواجه، فأقبلت عائشة و حفصة تشكيان إلى أبويهما ميل رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) إلى مارية، و إيثاره إياها عليهما، حتى سولت لهما و لأبويهما أنفسهما بأن يقذفوا مارية بأنها حملت بإبراهيم من جريح، و هم لا يظنون أن جريحا خادم
Then Mariah attracted the heart of Rasool-Allah-saww, and some of his-saww wives envied her. Ayesha and Hafsa came to their fathers complaining about the inclination of Rasool-Allah-saww towards Mariah, and his-saww preferring her over them, unto the extent that it induced them and their fathers themselves that they should slander Mariah that she is pregnant with Ibrahim-as, from Jareeh, and they (Abu Bakr and Umar) were not thinking that Jareeh is a servant.
فأقبل أبواهما إلى رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) و هو جالس في مسجده، فجلسا بين يديه، ثم قالا: يا رسول الله، ما يحل لنا، و لا يسعنا أن نكتم عليك ما يظهر من خيانة واقعة بك. قال: ماذا تقولان؟
When their fathers came to Rasool-Allah-saww, and he-saww was seated in his-saww Masjid, and they both sat down in front of him-saww, then said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! It is not permissible for us, nor do we have any leeway that we should conceal upon you-saww what has appeared from the occurrence of betrayal with you-saww’. He-saww said: ‘What is that you two are saying?’
قالا: يا رسول الله، إن جريحا يأتي من مارية بالفاحشة العظمى، و إن حملها من جريح، و ليس هو منك
They said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! Jareeh came to Mariah with the grievous immorality, and she is pregnant from Jareeh, and it isn’t from you-saww!’
فاربد وجه رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) و تلون، و عرضت له سهوة لعظم ما تلقياه به، ثم قال: ويحكما، ما تقولان؟
So, the face of Rasool-Allah-saww reddened and paled (out of wrath), and there was displayed to him-saww the obscenity of the grievousness of what they were facing him-saww with. Then he-saww said: ‘Woe be unto you two! What are you saying?’
قالا: يا رسول الله، إنا خلفنا جريحا و مارية في مشربتها- يعنيان حجرتها- و هو يفاكهها، و يلاعبها، و يروم منها ما يروم الرجال من النساء، فابعث إلى جريح، فإنك تجده على هذه الحال، فأنفذ فيه حكم الله
They said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! We left behind Jareeh and Mariah in her drinking place – meaning her chamber – and he was patting her and playing with her, and he was wishing from her what the man wished from the woman. Therefore send (someone) to Jareeh, and you-saww will find him upon this state, and implement with regards to him, the Judgment of Allah-azwj’.
فانثنى النبي إلى علي (عليهما السلام)، ثم قال: يا أبا الحسن، قم- يا أخي- و معك ذو الفقار، حتى تمضي إلى مشربة مارية، فإن صادفتها و جريحا كما يصفان، فأخمدهما بسيفك ضربا
The Prophet-saww bent over towards Ali-asws, then said: ‘O Abu Al Hassan-asws! Arise, O my-saww brother-asws, and with you is Zulfiqar (the sword), until you-asws go to the drinking place of Mariah. So if these two are truthful and Jareeh is as they are describing him to be, then put them both down with a strike of your-asws sword’.
فقام علي (عليه السلام)، و اتشح بسيفه و أخذه تحت ثيابه، فلما ولى من بين يدي رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، انثنى إليه، فقال: يا رسول الله، أكون في ما أمرتني كالسكة المحمية في العهن، أو الشاهد يرى ما لا يرى الغائب؟
Ali-asws arose and took his-asws sword and placed it beneath his-asws clothes. But, when he-asws turned from in front of Rasool-Allah-saww, he-asws bent down to him-saww and he-asws said: ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! I-asws happen to be, regarding what you-saww instructed me-asws for, like the knife shielded in the wool, or the one present would see what the absentees did not?’
فقال له النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله): فديتك يا علي، بل الشاهد يرى ما لا يرى الغائب
The Prophet-saww said to him-asws: ‘Your-asws sacrifice, O Ali-asws! But, the one present will see what the absentees did not’.
فأقبل علي (عليه السلام)، و سيفه في يده، حتى تسور من فوق مشربة مارية، و هي في جوف المشربة جالسة، و جريح معها يؤدبها بآداب الملوك، و يقول لها: عظمي رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، و لبيه، و كرميه، و نحو هذا الكلام، حتى التفت جريح إلى أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)، و سيفه مشهور في يده
Ali-asws went and his-asws sword was in his-asws hand, until he-asws surveyed from above, the drinking place of Mariah, and she was seated in the inside of the chamber, and Jareeh was with her, assisting her with the etiquettes of the slaves, and he was saying to her, ‘Revere Rasool-Allah-saww, and listen to him-saww, and honour him-saww’, and approximately this speech, until Jareeh turned towards Amir Al-Momineen-asws, and his-asws bare sword was in his-asws hand.
ففزع جريح إلى نخلة في المشربة، فصعد إلى رأسها، فنزل أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) إلى المشربة، و كشفت الريح عن أثواب جريح، فإذا هو خادم ممسوح، فقال له: أنزل يا جريح. فقال: يا أمير المؤمنين، آمنا على نفسي؟ فقال: آمنا على نفسك
Jareeh panicked to a palm tree in the drinking place, and climbed up to its top. Amir Al-Momineen-asws came down to the drinking place, and the wind uncovered from the clothes of Jareeh, and he was a eunuch servant. So he-asws said to him: ‘Descend, O Jareeh!’ He said, ‘O Amir Al-Momineen-asws! Is there safety upon myself?’ He-asws said: ‘There is safety upon yourself’.
فنزل جريح، و أخذ أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) بيده، و جاء به إلى رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، فأوقفه بين يديه، فقال له: يا رسول الله، إن جريحا خادم ممسوح
Jareeh descended, and Amir Al-Momineen-asws grabbed his hand and came with him to Rasool-Allah-saww, and paused him in front of him-saww, and said to him-saww: ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! Jareeh is a eunuch servant!’
فولى رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) [وجهه إلى الجدار]، فقال: حل لهما نفسك- لعنهما الله- يا جريح، حتى يتبين كذبهما، و خزيهما، و جرأتهما على الله، و على رسوله
Rasool-Allah-saww turned his-saww face towards the wall and he-saww said: ‘There is release for yourself, may Allah-azwj Curse them both, O Jareeh, to the extent that their lying’s are exposed, and their disgrace and their crime against Allah-azwj and against His-azwj Rasool-saww’.
فأسقطا بين يدي رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) و قالا: يا رسول الله، التوبة، استغفر لنا. فقال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): لا تاب الله عليكما، فما ينفعكما استغفاري و معكما هذه الجرأة
The both (Abu Bakr and Umar) fell down in front of Rasool-Allah-saww and said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! The repentance. Seek Forgiveness for us!’ Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘There is no Turning of Allah-azwj (with Mercy) upon you two, therefore my-saww seeking Forgiveness would not benefit you, and with you is this audacity’.
فأنزل الله فيهما: الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَناتِ الْغافِلاتِ الْمُؤْمِناتِ لُعِنُوا فِي الدُّنْيا وَ الْآخِرَةِ وَ لَهُمْ عَذابٌ عَظِيمٌ يَوْمَ تَشْهَدُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَلْسِنَتُهُمْ وَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَ أَرْجُلُهُمْ بِما كانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ
Then Allah-azwj Revealed regarding both of them (Abu Bakr and Umar): Surely those who accuse chaste married women, the unaware Mominaat, would be Cursed in the world and the Hereafter, and for them is a grievous Punishment [24:23] On the Day, their tongues will testify against them, and their hands, and their legs, with what they had been doing [24:24]’’.[45]
وعنه، قال: و في رواية عبد الله بن موسى، عن أحمد بن رشيد، عن مروان بن مسلم، عن عبد الله ابن بكير، قال: قلت لأبي عبد الله (عليه السلام) جعلت فداك، كان رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) أمر بقتل القبطي، و قد علم أنها قد كذبت عليه، أو لم يعلم، و إنما دفع الله عن القبطي القتل بتثبت علي (عليه السلام)؟
And from him (Ali Bin Ibrahim), said, ‘And in a report of Abdullah Bin Musa, from Ahmad Bin Rasheed, from Marwan Bin Muslim, from Abdullah Ibn Bakeyr who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! Rasool-Allah-saww ordered with the killing of the (Mariah) the Coptic, and had known that she had been lied against, or he-saww did not know, and rather Allah-azwj Defended the killing (Mariah) the Coptic by the proof of Amir Al-Momineen-asws?’
فقال: «بل كان و الله علم، و لو كانت عزيمة من رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) ما انصرف علي (عليه السلام) حتى يقتله، و لكن إنما فعل رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) لترجع عن ذنبها، فما رجعت، و لا اشتد عليها قتل رجل مسلم بكذبها
He-asws said: ‘But, by Allah-azwj, he-saww knew, and had there been determination from Rasool-Allah-saww, Ali-asws would not have left until he-asws would have killed him (Jareeh). But rather, Rasool-Allah-saww did so for her (Ayesha) to return from her sin, but she did not return, nor did the killing of a Muslim man pile up on her due to her sin’’.[46]
VERSES 12 – 18
لَوْلَا إِذْ سَمِعْتُمُوهُ ظَنَّ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتُ بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ خَيْرًا وَقَالُوا هَٰذَا إِفْكٌ مُبِينٌ {12}
Why did they, the Momineen and the Mominaat, not think good with themselves and said, ‘This is a clear falsehood’? [24:12]
لَوْلَا جَاءُوا عَلَيْهِ بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ ۚ فَإِذْ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِالشُّهَدَاءِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْكَاذِبُونَ {13}
Why did they not come with four witnesses upon it? So when they did not come with the witnesses, then they, in the Presence of Allah, they are the liars [24:13]
وَلَوْلَا فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَتُهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ لَمَسَّكُمْ فِي مَا أَفَضْتُمْ فِيهِ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ {14}
And had it not been for the Grace of Allah upon you and His Mercy, in the world and the Hereafter, there would have touched you, regarding what you rushed thoughtlessly into, a grievous Punishment [24:14]
إِذْ تَلَقَّوْنَهُ بِأَلْسِنَتِكُمْ وَتَقُولُونَ بِأَفْوَاهِكُمْ مَا لَيْسَ لَكُمْ بِهِ عِلْمٌ وَتَحْسَبُونَهُ هَيِّنًا وَهُوَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَظِيمٌ {15}
When you received it with your tongues and you were saying with your mouths what there wasn’t any knowledge for you of it, and you were reckoning it as trivial, and it, in the Presence of Allah, is grievous [24:15]
وَلَوْلَا إِذْ سَمِعْتُمُوهُ قُلْتُمْ مَا يَكُونُ لَنَا أَنْ نَتَكَلَّمَ بِهَٰذَا سُبْحَانَكَ هَٰذَا بُهْتَانٌ عَظِيمٌ {16}
And why did you not, when you heard it, say, ‘It cannot happen for us that we should be speaking with this. Glorious are You! This is a grievous slander’ [24:16]
يَعِظُكُمُ اللَّهُ أَنْ تَعُودُوا لِمِثْلِهِ أَبَدًا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ {17}
Allah Advises you, lest you repeat to the like of it, ever, if you were Momineen [24:17]
وَيُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الْآيَاتِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ {18}
And Allah Clarifies the Signs to you, and Allah is Knowing, Wise [24:18]
ابن بابويه في كتاب (من لا يحضره الفقيه) قال: قال أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) في وصيته لابنه محمد بن الحنفية (رضي الله عنه): «يا بني لا تقل ما لا تعلم، بل لا تقل كل ما تعلم، فإن الله تبارك و تعالى قد فرض على جوارحك كلها فرائض يحتج بها عليك يوم القيامة، و يسألك عنها
Ibn Babuwayh in the book ‘Man La Yahzar Al Faqeeh’, said,
Amir Al-Momineen-asws said in his-asws bequest to his-asws son Muhammad Bin Al-Hanafiyya: ‘O my-asws son! Do not say what you do not know. But, do not (even) say all what you know, for Allah-azwj, Blessed and Exalted has Imposed Obligation upon all of your body parts. He-azwj Will Argue by these against you on the Day of Judgment, and Question you about these.
و ذكرها و وعظها و حذرها و أدبها و لم يتركها سدى، فقال الله عز و جل: وَ لا تَقْفُ ما لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ إِنَّ السَّمْعَ وَ الْبَصَرَ وَ الْفُؤادَ كُلُّ أُولئِكَ كانَ عَنْهُ مَسْؤُلًا و قال عز و جل: إِذْ تَلَقَّوْنَهُ بِأَلْسِنَتِكُمْ وَ تَقُولُونَ بِأَفْواهِكُمْ ما لَيْسَ لَكُمْ بِهِ عِلْمٌ وَ تَحْسَبُونَهُ هَيِّناً وَ هُوَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَظِيمٌ
And He-azwj Mentioned it, and Advised it, and Educated it, and did not Leave it in vain. So Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: And do not stand on what there isn’t any knowledge for you of it. Surely the ears, and the eyes, and the heart, each of these would be Questioned about it [17:36]. And the Mighty and Majestic Said: When you received it with your tongues and you were saying with your mouths what there wasn’t any knowledge for you of it, and you were reckoning it as trivial, and it, in the Presence of Allah, is grievous [24:15].
ثم استعبدها بطاعته فقال عز و جل: يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ارْكَعُوا وَ اسْجُدُوا وَ اعْبُدُوا رَبَّكُمْ وَ افْعَلُوا الْخَيْرَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ فهذه فريضة جامعة واجبة على الجوارح، و قال عز و جل: وَ أَنَّ الْمَساجِدَ لِلَّهِ فَلا تَدْعُوا مَعَ اللَّهِ أَحَداً يعني بالمساجد الوجه و اليدين و الركبتين و الإبهامين
Then He-azwj Yoked these with His-azwj obedience, so the Mighty and Majestic Said: O you who believe! Perform Ruku and Sajdah and worship your Lord, and do the good, perhaps you will succeed [22:77]. So these are universal duties Obligated upon the body parts, and the Mighty and Majestic Said: And surely the parts for performing Sajdah are for Allah, therefore do not supplicate to anyone (else) with Allah [72:18] – meaning by the (term) ‘Masjids’ being the face, and the two hands, and the two knees, and the two toes.
و قال عز و جل: وَ ما كُنْتُمْ تَسْتَتِرُونَ أَنْ يَشْهَدَ عَلَيْكُمْ سَمْعُكُمْ وَ لا أَبْصارُكُمْ وَ لا جُلُودُكُمْ «4» يعني بالجلود الفروج
And the Mighty and Majestic Said: And you were not veiling yourselves that (one day) your ears, and your eyes, and your skins would be testifying against you. [41:22]’’.[47]
VERSE 19
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُحِبُّونَ أَنْ تَشِيعَ الْفَاحِشَةُ فِي الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ {19}
Those who love that the scandal should spread regarding those who believe, for them would be a painful Punishment, and Allah Knows while you are not knowing [24:19]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَنْ قَالَ فِي مُؤْمِنٍ مَا رَأَتْهُ عَيْنَاهُ وَ سَمِعَتْهُ أُذُنَاهُ فَهُوَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُحِبُّونَ أَنْ تَشِيعَ الْفاحِشَةُ فِي الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَهُمْ عَذابٌ أَلِيمٌ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from one of his companions,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The one who says regarding a Momin what he saw and what his ears heard, so he is from the ones for whom Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Says: Those who love that the scandal should spread regarding those who believe, for them would be a painful Punishment [24:19]’.[48]
سَهْلُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْأَوَّلِ (عليه السلام) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ إِخْوَانِي يَبْلُغُنِي عَنْهُ الشَّيْءُ الَّذِي أَكْرَهُهُ فَأَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَيُنْكِرُ ذَلِكَ وَ قَدْ أَخْبَرَنِي عَنْهُ قَوْمٌ ثِقَاتٌ
Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Yahya Bin Al-Mubarak, from Abdullah Bin Jabalat, from Muhammad Bin Al-Fazeyl, who has narrated the following:
Abu Al-Hassan the First-asws said, when I said to him-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws, (it’s about) a man from our brethren. A matter has reached me about him which I dislike, so I ask about that but he denies that, and it has been informed to me by reliable people’.
فَقَالَ لِي يَا مُحَمَّدُ كَذِّبْ سَمْعَكَ وَ بَصَرَكَ عَنْ أَخِيكَ فَإِنْ شَهِدَ عِنْدَكَ خَمْسُونَ قَسَامَةً وَ قَالَ لَكَ قَوْلًا فَصَدِّقْهُ وَ كَذِّبْهُمْ لَا تُذِيعَنَّ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئاً تَشِينُهُ بِهِ وَ تَهْدِمُ بِهِ مُرُوءَتَهُ فَتَكُونَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ قَالَ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُحِبُّونَ أَنْ تَشِيعَ الْفاحِشَةُ فِي الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَهُمْ عَذابٌ أَلِيمٌ
He-asws said to me: ‘O Muhammad, deny your hearing and your vision about your brother even though fifty (people) have testified in your presence under oath, and if he says something to you, so ratify him and belie them. Do not publicise anything against him which would disgrace him and destroy his magnanimity, for you will become those for whom Allah-azwj has Said in His-azwj Book: Those who love that the scandal should spread regarding those who believe, for them would be a painful Punishment, and Allah Knows while you are not knowing [24:19].[49]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَنْ بَهَتَ مُؤْمِناً أَوْ مُؤْمِنَةً بِمَا لَيْسَ فِيهِ بَعَثَهُ اللَّهُ فِي طِينَةِ خَبَالٍ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ مِمَّا قَالَ قُلْتُ وَ مَا طِينَةُ الْخَبَالِ قَالَ صَدِيدٌ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ فُرُوجِ المُومِسَاتِ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Malik Bin Atiyya, from Ibn AbuYafour,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The one who slanders a Momin or a Momina (female Believer) with what is not in him, Allah-azwj would Resurrect him in the clay of Khabaal until he exits from what he had said’. I said, ‘And what is the clay of Khabaal?’ He-asws said: ‘Pus coming out from the private part of the prostitutes’.[50]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَا نَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا يَحْيَى الْأَزْرَقَ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ( صلوات الله عليه ) مَنْ ذَكَرَ رَجُلًا مِنْ خَلْفِهِ بِمَا هُوَ فِيهِ مِمَّا عَرَفَهُ النَّاسُ لَمْ يَغْتَبْهُ وَ مَنْ ذَكَرَهُ مِنْ خَلْفِهِ بِمَا هُوَ فِيهِ مِمَّا لَا يَعْرِفُهُ النَّاسُ اغْتَابَهُ وَ مَنْ ذَكَرَهُ بِمَا لَيْسَ فِيهِ فَقَدْ بَهَتَهُ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad bin Muhammad, from Al Abbas Bin Aamir, from Aban, from a man we do not know except as Yahya Al Azraq who said,
‘Abu Al-Hassan-asws said to me: ‘The one who mentions a man from behind him with what is (to be found) in him from what the people know of, has not backbitten him; and the one who mentioned him from behind him with what (is to be found) in him from what the people do not know of, has backbitten him; and the one who mentioned him with what is not (to be found) in him, so he has slandered) him’.[51]
وعنه: عن محمد بن يحيى، عن أحمد بن محمد بن عيسى، عن محمد بن الفضيل، عن أبي حمزة، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: «يجب على المؤمن أن يستر عليه سبعين كبيرة
And from him, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Muhammad Bin Al Fazeyl, from Abu Hamza,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘It is Obligatory upon the Momin that he veils upon him, seventy major sins’’.[52]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَيَابَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ الْغِيبَةُ أَنْ تَقُولَ فِي أَخِيكَ مَا سَتَرَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ أَمَّا الْأَمْرُ الظَّاهِرُ فِيهِ مِثْلُ الْحِدَّةِ وَ الْعَجَلَةِ فَلَا وَ الْبُهْتَانُ أَنْ تَقُولَ فِيهِ مَا لَيْسَ فِيهِ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus Bin Abdul Rahman, from Abdul Rahman Bin Sayaba who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘The backbiting is that you are saying regarding your brother what Allah-azwj has Veiled upon him, and as for the apparent matters in him, like the violent anger and the haste, so no; and the slander is that you are saying regarding him what is not in him’.[53]
VERSES 20 – 26
وَلَوْلَا فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَتُهُ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ رَءُوفٌ رَحِيمٌ {20}
And except that there is the Grace of Allah upon you and His Mercy, and that Allah is Kind, Merciful [24:20]
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّبِعُوا خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ ۚ وَمَنْ يَتَّبِعْ خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ فَإِنَّهُ يَأْمُرُ بِالْفَحْشَاءِ وَالْمُنْكَرِ ۚ وَلَوْلَا فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَتُهُ مَا زَكَىٰ مِنْكُمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ أَبَدًا وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يُزَكِّي مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ {21}
O you those who believe! Do not follow the footsteps of Satan! And one who follows the footsteps of Satan, then he enjoins with the immoralities and the evil. And had it not been for the Grace of Allah upon you and His Mercy, not one of you would be purified (from his sins), ever! But, Allah Purifies ones He so Desires to, and Allah is Hearing, Knowing [24:21]
وَلَا يَأْتَلِ أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ وَالسَّعَةِ أَنْ يُؤْتُوا أُولِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينَ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۖ وَلْيَعْفُوا وَلْيَصْفَحُوا ۗ أَلَا تُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ {22}
And the possessors of Grace and abundance from you should not swear from giving to the near of kin, and the poor, and the Emigrants in the Way of Allah, and let them be pardoning and let them be excusing. Do you not love that Allah should Forgive you? And Allah is Forgiving, Merciful [24:22]
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْغَافِلَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ لُعِنُوا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ {23}
Surely, those who accuse chaste married women, the unaware Mominaat, would be Cursed in the world and the Hereafter, and for them is a grievous Punishment [24:23]
يَوْمَ تَشْهَدُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَلْسِنَتُهُمْ وَأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَرْجُلُهُمْ بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ {24}
On the Day, their tongues will testify against them, and their hands, and their legs, with what they had been doing [24:24]
يَوْمَئِذٍ يُوَفِّيهِمُ اللَّهُ دِينَهُمُ الْحَقَّ وَيَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ الْمُبِينُ {25}
On that day Allah will Fulfil them, their Religion, the Truth, and they will come to know that Allah, He is the Manifest Truth [24:25]
الْخَبِيثَاتُ لِلْخَبِيثِينَ وَالْخَبِيثُونَ لِلْخَبِيثَاتِ ۖ وَالطَّيِّبَاتُ لِلطَّيِّبِينَ وَالطَّيِّبُونَ لِلطَّيِّبَاتِ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ مُبَرَّءُونَ مِمَّا يَقُولُونَ ۖ لَهُمْ مَغْفِرَةٌ وَرِزْقٌ كَرِيمٌ {26}
Wicked women are for the wicked men, and the wicked men are for the wicked women, and the good women are for the good men, and the good men are for the good women. They are innocent from what they are saying. For them is Forgiveness and an honourable sustenance [24:26]
قال علي بن إبراهيم: و في رواية أبي الجارود، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، في قوله تعالى: وَ لا يَأْتَلِ أُولُوا الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ وَ السَّعَةِ أَنْ يُؤْتُوا أُولِي الْقُرْبى، «و هم قرابة رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)». وَ الْمَساكِينَ وَ الْمُهاجِرِينَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَ لْيَعْفُوا وَ لْيَصْفَحُوا يقول: «يعفو بعضكم عن بعض و يصفح، فإذا فعلتم، كانت رحمة من الله لكم، يقول الله: أَ لا تُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَ اللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ
Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘And in a report of Abu Al Jaroud, who says:
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws regarding the Words of the Exalted: And the possessors of Grace and abundance from you should not swear from giving to the near of kin, [24:22]: ‘And they are the near of kin of Rasool-Allah-saww’, and the poor, and the Emigrants in the Way of Allah, and let them be pardoning and let them be excusing – excuse and pardon each other. So if you were to do that, there would be for you the Mercy from Allah-azwj. Allah-azwj is Saying: Do you not love that Allah should Forgive you? And Allah is Forgiving, Merciful [24:22]’.
قوله تعالى: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ الْمُحْصَناتِ الْغافِلاتِ الْمُؤْمِناتِ يقول: «الغافلات عن الفواحش
The Words of the Exalted: Surely those who accuse chaste married women, the unaware Mominaat [24:23], he-asws said: ‘The ones who are unaware of the immoralities’.
و قد تقدمت الرواية فيمن نزلت فيه هذه الآية، في قوله تعالى: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ جاؤُ بِالْإِفْكِ عُصْبَةٌ مِنْكُمْ
And it has preceded in the report above as for whom this Verse was Revealed regarding the Words of the Exalted: Surely those who are coming with the falsehood are a group from you [24:11] (i.e., Abu Bakr and Umar)’.[54]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَظِيمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَسَنِيِّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ( صلوات الله عليه ) قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ أَبِي مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ دَخَلَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ وَ جَلَسَ تَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ الَّذِينَ يَجْتَنِبُونَ كَبائِرَ الْإِثْمِ وَ الْفَواحِشَ ثُمَّ أَمْسَكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) مَا أَسْكَتَكَ قَالَ أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَعْرِفَ الْكَبَائِرَ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Abdul Azeem Bin Abdullah Al Hasany who said,
‘Abu Ja’far-asws narrated to me saying: ‘I-asws heard my-asws father-asws saying: ‘I-asws heard my-asws father-asws Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws saying: ‘Amro Bin Ubeyd came over to Abu Abdullah-asws. So when he greeted and was seated, recited this Verse: Those who are shunning the major sins and the immoralities [53:32], then held back. So Abu Abdullah-asws said to him: ‘What made you withhold?’ He said, ‘I would love to understand the major sins from the Book of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic’.
فَقَالَ نَعَمْ يَا عَمْرُو
So he-asws said: ‘Yes – O Amro . . . .
و قذف المحصنة، لأن الله عز و جل يقول: لُعِنُوا فِي الدُّنْيا وَ الْآخِرَةِ وَ لَهُمْ عَذابٌ عَظِيمٌ
And accusing the chaste woman, because Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying Surely those who accuse chaste married women, the unaware Mominaat, would be Cursed in the world and the Hereafter, and for them is a grievous Punishment [24:23].
قال: فخرج عمرو و له صراخ من بكائه، و هو يقول: هلك من يقول برأيه، و نازعكم في الفضل و العلم
He (the narrator) said, ‘Amro went out screaming from his crying, and he was saying, ‘Destroyed is the one who is speaking from his opinion, and disputes with regards to your-asws merits and the Knowledge’.[55]
VERSES 27 – 29
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتًا غَيْرَ بُيُوتِكُمْ حَتَّىٰ تَسْتَأْنِسُوا وَتُسَلِّمُوا عَلَىٰ أَهْلِهَا ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ {27}
O you, those who believe! Do not enter houses other than your own houses until you are permitted and have greeted upon its people. That is better for you, perhaps you would be mindful [24:27]
فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدُوا فِيهَا أَحَدًا فَلَا تَدْخُلُوهَا حَتَّىٰ يُؤْذَنَ لَكُمْ ۖ وَإِنْ قِيلَ لَكُمُ ارْجِعُوا فَارْجِعُوا ۖ هُوَ أَزْكَىٰ لَكُمْ ۚ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ عَلِيمٌ {28}
But if you do not find any one therein, then do not enter them until there is permission for you. And if it is said to you, ‘Return!’, then return, and Allah is Aware of what you are doing [24:28]
لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتًا غَيْرَ مَسْكُونَةٍ فِيهَا مَتَاعٌ لَكُمْ ۚ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا تَكْتُمُونَ {29}
There isn’t any blame upon you if you were to enter houses without any dwellers, there being provisions for you therein, and Allah Knows what you are manifesting and what you are concealing [24:29]
علي بن إبراهيم، قال: قال: حدثني علي بن الحسين، قال: حدثني أحمد بن أبي عبد الله، عن أبيه، عن أبان، عن عبد الرحمن بن أبي عبد الله، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: «الاستئناس: وقع النعل، و التسليم
Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘Ali Bin Al Husayn Narrated to me, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from his father, from Abaan, from Abdul Rahman Bin Abu Abdullah,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws has said: ‘The ‘being comfortable’, is to place the shoes, and the greeting’.[56]
قال علي بن إبراهيم: ثم رخص الله تعالى، فقال: لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُناحٌ أَنْ تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتاً غَيْرَ مَسْكُونَةٍ فِيها مَتاعٌ لَكُمْ، قال الصادق (عليه السلام): «هي الحمامات، و الخانات، و الأرحية تدخلها بغير إذن
Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘Then Allah-azwj the Exalted Gave the Permission, so He-azwj Said There isn’t any blame upon you if you were to enter houses without any dwellers, there being provisions for you therein [24:29]. Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘It is the (public) bathrooms, and the granaries, and the public gatherings. You can enter these without permission’.[57]
VERSES 30 & 31
قُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَغُضُّوا مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِمْ وَيَحْفَظُوا فُرُوجَهُمْ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ أَزْكَىٰ لَهُمْ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا يَصْنَعُونَ {30}
Say to the Momineen to cast down their eyes and preserve their private parts, that is purer for them, surely Allah is Aware of what they are doing [24:30]
وَقُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ يَغْضُضْنَ مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِنَّ وَيَحْفَظْنَ فُرُوجَهُنَّ وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا ۖ وَلْيَضْرِبْنَ بِخُمُرِهِنَّ عَلَىٰ جُيُوبِهِنَّ ۖ وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا لِبُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوْ آبَائِهِنَّ أَوْ آبَاءِ بُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوْ أَبْنَائِهِنَّ أَوْ أَبْنَاءِ بُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوْ إِخْوَانِهِنَّ أَوْ بَنِي إِخْوَانِهِنَّ أَوْ بَنِي أَخَوَاتِهِنَّ أَوْ نِسَائِهِنَّ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُنَّ أَوِ التَّابِعِينَ غَيْرِ أُولِي الْإِرْبَةِ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ أَوِ الطِّفْلِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يَظْهَرُوا عَلَىٰ عَوْرَاتِ النِّسَاءِ ۖ وَلَا يَضْرِبْنَ بِأَرْجُلِهِنَّ لِيُعْلَمَ مَا يُخْفِينَ مِنْ زِينَتِهِنَّ ۚ وَتُوبُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ جَمِيعًا أَيُّهَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ {31}
And say to the Mominaat to cast down their eyes and preserve their private parts and not to display their adornments except what is apparent from these. And let them place their scarves upon their bosoms. And they should not display their adornments except to their husbands, or their fathers, or fathers of their husbands, or their sons, or sons of their husbands, or their brothers, or sons of their brothers, or sons of their sisters, or their womenfolk, or what their right hands possess, or servants without being nourished from the men, or the children, those not having been exposed to the private parts of the women, and they should not strike with their legs for it to be known what is hidden from their adornments. And repent to Allah altogether, O Momineen, perhaps you will succeed [24:31]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ سَعْدٍ الْإِسْكَافِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ اسْتَقْبَلَ شَابٌّ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ امْرَأَةً بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَ كَانَ النِّسَاءُ يَتَقَنَّعْنَ خَلْفَ آذَانِهِنَّ فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهَا وَ هِيَ مُقْبِلَةٌ فَلَمَّا جَازَتْ نَظَرَ إِلَيْهَا وَ دَخَلَ فِي زُقَاقٍ قَدْ سَمَّاهُ بِبَنِي فُلَانٍ فَجَعَلَ يَنْظُرُ خَلْفَهَا وَ اعْتَرَضَ وَجْهَهُ عَظْمٌ فِي الْحَائِطِ أَوْ زُجَاجَةٌ فَشَقَّ وَجْهَهُ فَلَمَّا مَضَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ نَظَرَ فَإِذَا الدِّمَاءُ تَسِيلُ عَلَى صَدْرِهِ وَ ثَوْبِهِ فَقَالَ وَ اللَّهِ لآَتِيَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) وَ لَأُخْبِرَنَّهُ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al hakam, from Sayf Bin Ameyra, from Sa’ad Al Askaf,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘A youth from the Helpers faced a woman in Al-Medina, and the women used to wear their scarves behind their ears. So he looked at her and he was facing him. So when she passed by he kept looking at her, and she entered into an alleyway which had been named by the clan of so and so. He went on looking at her behind, and his face scraped against a sharp bone in the wall, or a piece of glass, and his face was cut. So when the woman went away, he looked and saw that the blood was flowing upon his chest and his clothes. So he said, ‘By Allah-azwj! I shall go over to Rasool-Allah-saww and inform him-saww’.
قَالَ فَأَتَاهُ فَلَمَّا رَآهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) قَالَ لَهُ مَا هَذَا فَأَخْبَرَهُ فَهَبَطَ جَبْرَئِيلُ ( عليه السلام ) بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ قُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَغُضُّوا مِنْ أَبْصارِهِمْ وَ يَحْفَظُوا فُرُوجَهُمْ ذلِكَ أَزْكى لَهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِما يَصْنَعُونَ
He-asws said: ‘So he came over to him-saww. When Rasool-Allah-saww saw him, said to him: ‘What is this?’ He informed him-saww. Then Jibraeel-as descended with this Verse: Say to the Momineen to cast down their eyes and preserve their private parts, that is purer for them, surely Allah is Aware of what they are doing [24:30]’.[58]
وعنه: عن علي بن إبراهيم، عن أبيه، عن بكر بن صالح، عن القاسم بن بريد، قال: حدثنا أبو عمرو الزبيري، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)- في حديث- قال: «و فرض الله على البصر أن لا ينظر إلى ما حرم الله عليه، و أن يعرض عما نهى الله عنه مما لا يحل له، و هو عمله، و هو من الإيمان، قال الله تبارك و تعالى: قُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَغُضُّوا مِنْ أَبْصارِهِمْ وَ يَحْفَظُوا فُرُوجَهُمْ فنهاهم أن ينظروا إلى عوراتهم، و أن ينظر المرء إلى فرج أخيه، و يحفظ فرجه أن ينظر إليه
And from him, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Bakr Bin Salih, from Al Qasim Bin Bureyd, from Abu Amro Al Zubeyri, who has said:
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws – in a Hadeeth – having said: ‘And Allah-azwj has Necessitated upon the vision it should not look at what Allah-azwj has Forbidden to it, and that he should turn away from what Allah-azwj has Prohibited from it, that which is not Permissible for it. And it is his deed, and it is from the Eman. Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Says: Say to the Momineen to cast down their eyes and preserve their private parts, that is purer for them, surely Allah is Aware of what they are doing [24:30], so He-azwj has Prohibited them from looking at their nakedness, from a person to look at the private parts of his brother, and he should (also) protect his private parts from being looked at.
و قال: وَ قُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِناتِ يَغْضُضْنَ مِنْ أَبْصارِهِنَّ وَ يَحْفَظْنَ فُرُوجَهُنَّ من أن تنظر إحداهن إلى فرج أختها، و تحفظ فرجها من أن ينظر إليها- و قال- كل شيء في القرآن من حفظ الفرج فهو من الزنا، إلا هذه الآية، فإنها من النظر
And He-azwj Said: And say to the Mominaat to cast down their eyes and preserve their private parts [24:31], from one of them to look at the private parts of her sister, and protect her private parts from being looked at. And he-asws said: ‘Everything in the Quran, from the protection of the private parts, is to do with the adultery, except for this Verse, for it is to do with the looking’.[59]
وقال علي بن إبراهيم: و في رواية أبي الجارود، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، في قوله: وَ لا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا ما ظَهَرَ مِنْها قال: «هي الثياب، و الكحل، و الخاتم، و خضاب الكف، و السوا و الزينة ثلاثة: زينة للناس، و زينة للمحرم، و زينة للزوج فأما زينة الناس، فقد ذكرناه، و أما زينة المحرم: فموضع القلادة فما فوقها، و الدملج و ما دونه، و الخلخال و ما أسفل منه، و أما زينة الزوج: فالجسد كله
And Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘And in a report of Abu Al Jaroud,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws regarding His-azwj Words: and not to display their adornments except what is apparent from these [24:31], he-asws said: ‘It is the clothes, and the Kohl, and the ring, and the Henna upon the palm, and the face. And the adornments are three – Adornment for the people, adornment for the Mahram (one outside the ambit of marriage) and adornment for the husband. As for the adornment for the people, so we-asws have mentioned it. And as for the adornment of the Mahram, so it is the place of the neck and above it, and the bracelet and what is besides it, and the anklets and what is below it. And as for the adornment for the husband, so it is the whole body’.[60]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ سَعْدَانَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَ لا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا ما ظَهَرَ مِنْها قَالَ الْخَاتَمُ وَ الْمَسَكَةُ وَ هِيَ الْقُلْبُ
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Ahmad Bin Is’haq, from Sa’dan Bin Muslim, from Abu Baseer,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I asked him-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj the Exalted: and not to display their adornments except what is apparent from these [24:31]. He-asws said: ‘The ring, and the bracelet and it is the anklet’.[61]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى إِلَّا ما ظَهَرَ مِنْها قَالَ الزِّينَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ الْكُحْلُ وَ الْخَاتَمُ
Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Muhammad Bin Khalid, and Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Al Qasim Bin Urwat, from Abdullah Bin Bukeyr, from Zurara,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted: except what is apparent from these [24:31]. He-asws said: The apparent adornment, the kohl and the ring’.[62]
وعنه: عن محمد بن يحيى، عن أحمد بن محمد بن عيسى، عن مروك بن عبيد، عن بعض أصحابنا، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: قلت له: ما يحل للرجل أن يرى من المرأة إذا لم يكن محرما؟ قال: «الوجه، و القدمان، و الكفان
And from him, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Marwak Bin Ubeyd, from one of our companions,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘What is Permissible for the man that he can look at the woman, if she is not a Mahram (outside the ambit of marriage)?’ He-asws said: ‘The face, and the two feet, and the two wrists’.[63]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنِ الْفُضَيْلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنِ الذِّرَاعَيْنِ مِنَ الْمَرْأَةِ أَ هُمَا مِنَ الزِّينَةِ الَّتِي قَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى وَ لا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا لِبُعُولَتِهِنَّ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَ مَا دُونَ الْخِمَارِ مِنَ الزِّينَةِ وَ مَا دُونَ السِّوَارَيْنِ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ibn Mahboub, from Jameel Bin Darraj, from Al Fuzayl Bin Yasaar who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the two arms from the woman, are these two from the ornaments which Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Speaks of: And they should not display their adornments except to their husbands [24:31]?’ He-asws said: ‘Yes, and whatever is below the scarf is from the adornments, and whatever is besides the two bracelets’.[64]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ وَ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَوِ التَّابِعِينَ غَيْرِ أُولِي الْإِرْبَةِ مِنَ الرِّجالِ إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ قَالَ الْأَحْمَقُ الَّذِي لَا يَأْتِي النِّسَاءَ
Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazaan, and Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Ibn Muskan, from Zurara who said,
‘I asked Abu Ja’far-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: or servants without being nourished from the men [24:31] – up to the end of the Verse. He-asws said: ‘The idiot who does not (feel the need to) go to the women’.[65]
For more detailed Ahadeeth on this, refer to Al Kafi V 5 – The Book Of Marriage Ch 165 –
VERSE 32
وَأَنْكِحُوا الْأَيَامَىٰ مِنْكُمْ وَالصَّالِحِينَ مِنْ عِبَادِكُمْ وَإِمَائِكُمْ ۚ إِنْ يَكُونُوا فُقَرَاءَ يُغْنِهِمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ {32}
And marry the single ones from you, and the righteous ones from your slaves and maids. If they happen to be poor, Allah would Enrich them from His Grace, and Allah is Capacious, Knowing [24:32]
وَ عَنْهُ عَنِ الْجَامُورَانِيِّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ التَّمِيمِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ( عليهم السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) مَنْ تَرَكَ التَّزْوِيجَ مَخَافَةَ الْعَيْلَةِ فَقَدْ أَسَاءَ ظَنَّهُ بِاللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ إِنْ يَكُونُوا فُقَراءَ يُغْنِهِمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ
And from him, from Al Jamourany, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from Muhammad Bin Yusuf Al Taymi,
(It has been narrated) from Muhammad son of Ja’far-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The one who neglects the marriage fearing the poverty, so he has evil thoughts about Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic (with his conjecture). Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: If they happen to be poor, Allah would Enrich them from His Grace [24:32]’.[66]
وعنه: عن محمد بن علي، عن حمدويه بن عمران، عن ابن أبي ليلى، قال: حدثنا عاصم بن حميد، قال: كنت عند أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، فأتاه رجل، فشكا إليه الحاجة، فأمره بالتزويج. قال: فاشتدت به الحاجة، فأتى أبا عبد الله (صلوات الله عليه) فسأله عن حاله، فقال له: اشتدت بي الحاجة، قال: «ففارق» ثم أتاه، فسأله عن حاله، فقال: أثريت، و حسن حالي
And from him, from Muhammad Bin Ali, from Hamdawiya Bin Umran, from Ibn Abu layli, from Aasim Bin Hameed who said,
‘I was in the presence of Abu Abdullah-asws, when a man came up complaining to him-asws about the need (poverty). So he-asws ordered him to get married. His poverty intensified, and Abu Abdullah-asws came up to him and asked about his condition. He said to him-asws, ‘My poverty has intensified’. He-asws said: ‘So separate!’ Then he-asws came to ask about his condition, so he said, ‘I am enriched, and my condition is good’.
فقال أبو عبد الله (عليه السلام): «إني أمرتك بأمرين أمر الله بهما، قال الله عز و جل: وَ أَنْكِحُوا الْأَيامى مِنْكُمْ وَ الصَّالِحِينَ مِنْ عِبادِكُمْ إلى قوله: وَ اللَّهُ واسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ و قال: وَ إِنْ يَتَفَرَّقا يُغْنِ اللَّهُ كُلًّا مِنْ سَعَتِهِ
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘I-asws ordered you with two orders which Allah-azwj Commanded for. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: And marry the single ones from you, and the righteous ones from your slaves and maids. If they happen to be poor, Allah would Enrich them from His Grace, and Allah is Capacious, Knowing [24:32], and Said: And if they separate, Allah would Enrich each one from His Capaciousness; and Allah was always Ample-Giving, Wise [4:130]’.[67]
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ وَهْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ لْيَسْتَعْفِفِ الَّذِينَ لا يَجِدُونَ نِكاحاً حَتَّى يُغْنِيَهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ قَالَ يَتَزَوَّجُوا حَتَّى يُغْنِيَهُمْ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ
Abu Ali Al Ashary, from one of his companions, from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Muawiya Bin Wahab,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: And let them be chaste, those who are not finding (means for) marriage until Allah Enriches them from His Grace [24:33]. He-asws said: ‘They should keep marrying until Allah-azwj Enriches them from His-azwj Grace’.[68]
VERSE 33
وَلْيَسْتَعْفِفِ الَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ نِكَاحًا حَتَّىٰ يُغْنِيَهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ۗ وَالَّذِينَ يَبْتَغُونَ الْكِتَابَ مِمَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ فَكَاتِبُوهُمْ إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا ۖ وَآتُوهُمْ مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي آتَاكُمْ ۚ وَلَا تُكْرِهُوا فَتَيَاتِكُمْ عَلَى الْبِغَاءِ إِنْ أَرَدْنَ تَحَصُّنًا لِتَبْتَغُوا عَرَضَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۚ وَمَنْ يُكْرِهْهُنَّ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِكْرَاهِهِنَّ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ {33}
And let them be chaste, those who are not finding (means for) marriage until Allah Enriches them from His Grace. And those who are seeking the written agreement from what your right hands possess, so write it for them, if you know goodness to be in them, and give them from the wealth which Allah Gave you; and do not compel your young girls upon the immoralities if they want the chastity, in order to see the display the world of the world. And ones who are compelled, so Allah, from after their being compelled, is Forgiving, Merciful [24:33]
محمد بن يعقوب: عن أبي علي الأشعري، عن بعض أصحابه، عن صفوان بن يحيى، عن معاوية ابن وهب، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قول الله عز و جل: وَ لْيَسْتَعْفِفِ الَّذِينَ لا يَجِدُونَ نِكاحاً حَتَّى يُغْنِيَهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ قال: «يتزوجوا حتى يغنيهم الله من فضله
Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from Abu Ali Al Ash’ary, from one of his companions, from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Muawiya Ibn Wahab,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj the Mighty and Majestic: And let them be chaste, those who are not finding (means for) marriage until Allah Enriches them from His Grace [24:33], he-asws said: ‘Then should get married until Allah-azwj Enriches them from His-azwj Grace’.[69]
وعنه: عن أبي علي الأشعري، عن محمد بن عبد الجبار، عن صفوان بن يحيى، عن ابن مسكان، عن الحلبي، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال في قول الله عز و جل: فَكاتِبُوهُمْ إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْراً، قال: إن علمتم أن لهم مالا و دينا
And from him, from Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Ibn Muskaan, from Al Halby, who says:
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: so write it for them, if you know goodness to be in them [24:33], he-asws said: ‘If you know that they have wealth and debts to discharge’.[70]
ابن بابويه في (الفقيه): عن العلاء، عن محمد بن مسلم، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قول الله عز و جل: فَكاتِبُوهُمْ إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْراً، قال: «الخير أن يشهد أن لا إله إلا الله، و أن محمدا رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، و يكون بيده عمل يكتسب به، أو يكون له حرفة
Ibn Babuwayh, in Al Faqih, from Al A’la, from Muhammad Bin Muslim, who narrates:
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: so write it for them, if you know goodness to be in them [24:33] [24:33], said: ‘The good is that he should testify that there is no god except for Allah-azwj and that Muhammad-saww is His-azwj Rasool-saww, and develops a skill of his hands or a craft’.[71]
ثم قال: و في رواية أبي الجارود، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: «هذه الآية منسوخة، نسختها فَإِنْ أَتَيْنَ بِفاحِشَةٍ فَعَلَيْهِنَّ نِصْفُ ما عَلَى الْمُحْصَناتِ مِنَ الْعَذابِ
Then (Ali Bin Ibrahim) said,
‘And in a report of Abu Al-Jaroud, from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘This Verse is Abrogated. It has been Abrogated by: So when they are married and then come with an immorality, upon them would be half of the punishment of what is upon the married women [4:25]’.[72]
وَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ( عليهما السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ آتُوهُمْ مِنْ مالِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي آتاكُمْ قَالَ الَّذِي أَضْمَرْتَ أَنْ تُكَاتِبَهُ عَلَيْهِ لَا تَقُولُ أُكَاتِبُهُ بِخَمْسَةِ آلَافٍ وَ أَتْرُكُ لَهُ أَلْفاً وَ لَكِنِ انْظُرْ إِلَى الَّذِي أَضْمَرْتَ عَلَيْهِ فَأَعْطِهِ
And by his chain, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
(It has been narrated) from one of the two (5th or 6th Imam-asws), said, ‘I asked him-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: and give them from the wealth which Allah Gave you [24:33] and give them from the wealth which Allah Gave you. He-asws said: ‘The woman who thinks that she would be contracted upon him should not be saying, ‘I will contract him with five thousand, and I would leave for him a thousand’, but consider to that which she is concealing upon him, so give it’.
وَ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَكاتِبُوهُمْ إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْراً قَالَ الْخَيْرُ إِنْ عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ عِنْدَهُ مَالًا
And about the Words of the Mighty and Majestic: so write it for them, if you know goodness to be in them [24:33], he-asws said: ‘If you know that in it is wealth (profit)’.[73]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ فِي الْمُكَاتَبِ إِذَا أَدَّى بَعْضَ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ النَّاسَ كَانُوا لَا يَشْتَرِطُونَ وَ هُمُ الْيَوْمَ يَشْتَرِطُونَ وَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عِنْدَ شُرُوطِهِمْ فَإِنْ كَانَ شُرِطَ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ إِنْ عَجَزَ رَجَعَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُشْتَرَطْ عَلَيْهِ لَمْ يَرْجِعْ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hammad, from Al Halby,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said regarding the contracted slave when he pays off part of his contract. So he-asws said: ‘The people were not stipulating conditions, and today they are stipulating, and are submitting in their stipulations. So if it was such that there was a condition stipulated upon him that if he was frustrated (from paying) he would be returned (to slavery), (so he would be), and if it was not stipulated upon him, he would not be returned’.
وَ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَكاتِبُوهُمْ إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْراً قَالَ كَاتِبُوهُمْ إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ أَنَّ لَهُمْ مَالًا
And regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: so write it for them, if you know goodness to be in them [24:33]. He-asws said: ‘Contract them if you know that for them would be wealth’.
قَالَ وَ قَالَ فِي الْمُكَاتَبِ يَشْتَرِطُ عَلَيْهِ مَوْلَاهُ أَنْ لَا يَتَزَوَّجَ إِلَّا بِإِذْنٍ مِنْهُ حَتَّى يُؤَدِّيَ مُكَاتَبَتَهُ قَالَ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ لَا يَتَزَوَّجَ إِلَّا بِإِذْنٍ مِنْهُ فَإِنَّ لَهُ شَرْطَهُ
He (the narrator) said, ‘And he-asws said regarding the contracted slave: ‘If his master stipulates upon him that he would not get married except by his permission until he has paid off his contract, it is befitting for him not to get married except by permission from him, for it is a condition for him’.[74]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَكاتِبُوهُمْ إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْراً وَ آتُوهُمْ مِنْ مالِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي آتاكُمْ قَالَ تَضَعُ عَنْهُ مِنْ نُجُومِهِ الَّتِي لَمْ تَكُنْ تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَنْقُصَهُ مِنْهَا وَ لَا تَزِيدُ فَوْقَ مَا فِي نَفْسِكَ فَقُلْتُ كَمْ فَقَالَ وَضَعَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ مَمْلُوكِهِ أَلْفاً مِنْ سِتَّةِ آلَافٍ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Al A’ala Bin Al Fuzayl,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: so write it for them, if you know goodness to be in them, and give them from the wealth which Allah Gave you [24:33] so write it for them, if you know goodness to be in them, and give them from the wealth which Allah Gave you. He-asws said: ‘There would be placed aside from him, from his instalment which he did not want to be reduced from it, and it would not exceed about what in yourself’. So I said, ‘How much?’ So he-asws said: ‘Abu Ja’far-asws placed aside from his-asws owned slave, a thousand from six thousand’.[75]
VERSES 34 & 35
وَلَقَدْ أَنْزَلْنَا إِلَيْكُمْ آيَاتٍ مُبَيِّنَاتٍ وَمَثَلًا مِنَ الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ وَمَوْعِظَةً لِلْمُتَّقِينَ {34}
And We have Revealed unto you clear Verses and Examples of those who have passed away from before you, and an Advice for the pious [24:34]
اللَّهُ نُورُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۚ مَثَلُ نُورِهِ كَمِشْكَاةٍ فِيهَا مِصْبَاحٌ ۖ الْمِصْبَاحُ فِي زُجَاجَةٍ ۖ الزُّجَاجَةُ كَأَنَّهَا كَوْكَبٌ دُرِّيٌّ يُوقَدُ مِنْ شَجَرَةٍ مُبَارَكَةٍ زَيْتُونَةٍ لَا شَرْقِيَّةٍ وَلَا غَرْبِيَّةٍ يَكَادُ زَيْتُهَا يُضِيءُ وَلَوْ لَمْ تَمْسَسْهُ نَارٌ ۚ نُورٌ عَلَىٰ نُورٍ ۗ يَهْدِي اللَّهُ لِنُورِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَيَضْرِبُ اللَّهُ الْأَمْثَالَ لِلنَّاسِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ {35}
Allah is Light of the skies and the earth. An example of His Light is like a niche wherein is a lamp, the lamp is in a glass, and the glass is as if it is a brightly shining star ignited from a Blessed tree of olives, neither eastern nor western. Its oil almost illuminates and even though fire does not touch it. Light upon Light. Allah Guides to His Light ones He so Desires to, and Allah Strikes examples for the people, and Allah is Knowing of all things [24:35]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ اللَّهُ نُورُ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ فَقَالَ هَادٍ لِأَهْلِ السَّمَاءِ وَ هَادٍ لِأَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Yaqoub Bin Yazeed, from Al Abbas Bin Hilal who said,
‘I asked Al-Reza-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj: Allah is Light of the skies and the earth [24:35]. So he-asws said: ‘A Guide for the inhabitants of the sky and a Guide for the inhabitants of the earth’.
وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْبَرْقِيِّ هُدَى مَنْ فِي السَّمَاءِ وَ هُدَى مَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ
And in a report of Al-Barqy, ‘(He-asws said): ‘A Guidance for the ones in the sky and a Guidance for the ones in the earth’.[76]
وعنه: عن علي بن محمد، و محمد بن الحسن، عن سهل بن زياد، عن محمد بن الحسن بن شمون، عن عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن الأصم، عن عبد الله بن القاسم، عن صالح بن سهل الهمداني، قال: قال أبو عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قول الله عز و جل: «اللَّهُ نُورُ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ مَثَلُ نُورِهِ كَمِشْكاةٍ فاطمة (عليها السلام)، فِيها مِصْباحٌ الحسن، الْمِصْباحُ فِي زُجاجَةٍ الحسين، الزُّجاجَةُ كَأَنَّها كَوْكَبٌ دُرِّيٌّ فاطمة (عليها السلام)، كوكب دري بين نساء أهل الدنيا، يُوقَدُ مِنْ شَجَرَةٍ مُبارَكَةٍ إبراهيم (عليه السلام)، زَيْتُونَةٍ لا شَرْقِيَّةٍ وَ لا غَرْبِيَّةٍ لا يهودية، و لا نصرانية
And from him, from Ali Bin Muhammad, and Muhammad Bin Al Hassan, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Shamoun, from Abdullah Bin Abdul Rahman Al Asam, from Abdullah Bin Al Qasim, from Salih Bin Sahl Al Hamdany who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Allah is Light of the skies and the earth. An example of His Light is like a niche [24:35] – Fatima-asws, wherein is a lamp – Al-Hassan-asws, the lamp is in a glass, Al-Husayn-asws, and the glass is as if it is a brightly shining star – Fatima-asws is the brightly shining star between the women of the world, ignited from a Blessed olive tree – Ibrahim-as, neither eastern nor western – neither Jewish nor Christian.
يَكادُ زَيْتُها يُضِيءُ يكاد العلم يتفجر منها وَ لَوْ لَمْ تَمْسَسْهُ نارٌ نُورٌ عَلى نُورٍ إمام منها بعد إمام
Its oil almost illuminates – illumination of the knowledge which almost explodes from her-asws, and even though fire does not touch it. Light upon Light – an Imam-asws after an Imam-asws.
يَهْدِي اللَّهُ لِنُورِهِ مَنْ يَشاءُ يهدي الله للأئمة (عليهم السلام) من يشاء وَ يَضْرِبُ اللَّهُ الْأَمْثالَ لِلنَّاسِ
Allah Guides to His Light ones He so Desires to – Allah-azwj Guides to the Imam-asws ones He-azwj so Desires to, and Allah Strikes examples for the people [24:35]’.[77]
وعنه: عن علي بن محمد، عن علي بن العباس، عن علي بن حماد، عن عمرو بن شمر، عن جابر، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: «إن رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) وضع العلم الذي كان عنده عند الوصي، و هو قول الله عز و جل: اللَّهُ نُورُ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ مَثَلُ نُورِهِ، يقول: أنا هادي السماوات و الأرض، مثل العلم الذي أعطيته، و هو نوري الذي يهتدى به، مثل المشكاة فيها مصباح، و المشكاة: قلب محمد (صلى الله عليه و آله)، و المصباح: النور الذي فيه العلم
And from him, from Ali Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Abbas, from Ali Bin Hamaad, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir,
Abu Ja’far-asws having has narrated that Rasool-Allah-saww placed the Knowledge which was within him-saww, to be within the successor-asws, and these are the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Allah is Light of the skies and the earth. An example of His Light is like a niche [24:35]. He-azwj is Saying: “I-azwj am the Guide of the Heavens and the earth. The Example of the Knowledge which I-azwj Gave out, and it is My-azwj Light with which I-azwj Guide by, An example of His Light is like a niche wherein is a lamp [24:35], and the niche is the heart of Muhammad-saww, and the lamp is the Light in which is the Knowledge.
و قوله: الْمِصْباحُ فِي زُجاجَةٍ يقول: إني أريد أن أقبضك، فاجعل العلم الذي عندك عند الوصي، كما يجعل المصباح في الزجاجة، كَأَنَّها كَوْكَبٌ دُرِّيٌّ فأعلمهم فضل الوصي، يُوقَدُ مِنْ شَجَرَةٍ مُبارَكَةٍ فأصل الشجرة المباركة إبراهيم (عليه السلام)، و هو قول الله عز و جل: رَحْمَتُ اللَّهِ وَ بَرَكاتُهُ عَلَيْكُمْ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ إِنَّهُ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ
And His-azwj Words: the lamp is in a glass, He-azwj is Saying: “I-azwj Wanted to Make you-saww pass away, and Make that which is with you-saww to be with the successor-asws just as the lamp is made to be in a glass, and the glass is as if it is a brightly shining star, ignited from a Blessed tree of olives. So the origin of the Blessed tree is Ibrahim-as and these are the Words of the Mighty and Majestic: The Mercy of Allah and His Blessings are upon you, the People of the Household, surely He is Praised, Glorious [11:73].
و هو قول الله عز و جل: إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفى آدَمَ وَ نُوحاً وَ آلَ إِبْراهِيمَ وَ آلَ عِمْرانَ عَلَى الْعالَمِينَ ذُرِّيَّةً بَعْضُها مِنْ بَعْضٍ وَ اللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ
And these are the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Surely Allah chose Adam and Noah and the progeny of Ibrahim and the progeny of Imran above the worlds [3:33] Offspring, one being from the other; and Allah is Hearing, Knowing [3:34].
لا شَرْقِيَّةٍ وَ لا غَرْبِيَّةٍ يقول لستم بيهود فتصلون قبل المغرب، و لا نصارى فتصلون قبل المشرق، و أنتم على ملة إبراهيم (عليه السلام)، و قد قال الله عز و جل: ما كانَ إِبْراهِيمُ يَهُودِيًّا وَ لا نَصْرانِيًّا وَ لكِنْ كانَ حَنِيفاً مُسْلِماً وَ ما كانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ
(As for): neither eastern nor western [24:35] – He-azwj is saying: “You are neither Jews so that you pray in the direction of the west, nor are you Christians, so that you pray in the direction of the east, but you are the nation of Ibrahim-as”, and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Said: Ibrahim was neither a Jew nor a Christian, but he was (an) upright (man), a Muslim (submitter), and he was not from the Polytheists [3:67].
و قوله عز و جل: يَكادُ زَيْتُها يُضِيءُ وَ لَوْ لَمْ تَمْسَسْهُ نارٌ نُورٌ عَلى نُورٍ يَهْدِي اللَّهُ لِنُورِهِ مَنْ يَشاءُ يقول: مثل أولادكم الذين يولدون منكم، كمثل الزيت الذي يتخذ من الزيتون، يكاد زيتها يضيء و لو لم تمسسه نار نُورٌ عَلى نُورٍ يَهْدِي اللَّهُ لِنُورِهِ مَنْ يَشاءُ يقول: يكادون أن يتكلموا بالنبوة و لو لم ينزل عليهم ذلك
And the Words of the Mighty and Majestic: Its oil almost illuminates and even though fire does not touch it. Light upon Light. Allah Guides to His Light ones He so Desires to [24:35], He-azwj is Saying: “The example of your-asws children from you-asws, those who are born unto you-asws, is like the example of the oil which comes out from the olive, Its oil almost illuminates and even though fire does not touch it. Light upon Light. Allah Guides to His Light ones He so Desires to [24:35]. He-azwj is saying that they-asws almost speak with the Prophet-hood even though that has not been Revealed unto them-asws’.[78]
ابن بابويه، قال: حدثنا إبراهيم بن هارون بن الهيتي بمدينة السلام، قال: حدثني محمد بن أحمد ابن أبي الثلج، قال: حدثنا الحسين بن أيوب، عن محمد بن غالب، عن علي بن الحسين، عن الحسن بن أيوب، عن الحسين بن سليمان، عن محمد بن مروان الذهلي، عن الفضيل بن يسار، قال: قلت لأبي عبد الله الصادق (عليه السلام): اللَّهُ نُورُ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ؟ قال: «كذلك الله عز و جل». قال: قلت: مَثَلُ نُورِهِ؟ قال: «محمد (صلى الله عليه و آله) قلت: كَمِشْكاةٍ؟ قال: «صدر محمد (صلى الله عليه و آله). قلت: فِيها مِصْباحٌ؟ قال: «فيه نور العلم، يعني النبوة». قلت: الْمِصْباحُ فِي زُجاجَةٍ؟ قال: علم رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) صدر إلى قلب علي (عليه السلام)
Ibn Babuwayh said, ‘Ibrahim Bin Haroun Bin Al Hayti narrated to us at the city of Al Islam, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Ibn Abu Al Salj, from Al Husayn Bin Ayoub, from Muhammad Bin Ghalib, from Ali Bin Al Husayn, from Al Hassan Bin Ayoub, from Al Husayn Bin Suleyman, from Muhammad Bin Marwan Al Zahly, from Al Fazeyl Bin Yasaar who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah Al-Sadiq-asws, ‘(What about): Allah is Light of the skies and the earth [24:35]?’ He-asws said: ‘Such is Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic’. I said, ‘An example of His Light [24:35]?’ He-asws said: ‘Muhammad-saww’. I said, ‘is like a niche?’ He-asws said: ‘Chest of Muhammad-saww’. I said, ‘wherein is a lamp?’ He-asws said: ‘In it is the light of Knowledge, meaning the Prophet-hood’. I said, ‘the lamp is in a glass?’ He-asws said: ‘The Knowledge of Rasool-Allah-saww passed on to the heart of Ali-asws’.
قلت: كَأَنَّها؟ قال: «لأي شيء تقرأ كأنها؟» فقلت: فكيف، جعلت فداك؟ قال: «كأنه كوكب دري». قلت: يُوقَدُ مِنْ شَجَرَةٍ مُبارَكَةٍ زَيْتُونَةٍ لا شَرْقِيَّةٍ وَ لا غَرْبِيَّةٍ؟ قال: «ذلك أمير المؤمنين علي بن أبي طالب (عليه السلام)، لا يهودي و لا نصراني
I said, ‘as if it is?’ He-asws said: ‘For which thing are you reading ‘as if it is?’ So I said, ‘So how, may I be sacrificed for you-asws?’ He-asws said: ‘as if it is a brightly shining star’. I said, ‘ignited from a Blessed olive tree, neither eastern nor western?’ He-asws said: ‘That is Amir Al-Momineen Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, neither Jewish nor Christian’.
قلت: يَكادُ زَيْتُها يُضِيءُ وَ لَوْ لَمْ تَمْسَسْهُ نارٌ قال: «يكاد العلم يخرج من فم العالم من آل محمد (عليهم السلام) من قبل أن ينطق به». قلت: نُورٌ عَلى نُورٍ؟ قال: «الإمام في أثر الإمام
I said, ‘Its oil almost illuminates and even though fire does not touch it?’ He-asws said: ‘The Knowledge almost comes out from the mouth of the Knowledgeable one-asws from the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww from before he-asws speaks it’. I said, ‘Light upon Light?’ He-asws said: ‘The Imam-asws in the footsteps of the Imam-asws’.[79]
روي عن جابر بن عبد الله الأنصاري، قال: دخلت إلى مسجد الكوفة، و أمير المؤمنين (صلوات الله و سلامه عليه) يكتب بإصبعه و يتبسم، فقلت له: يا أمير المؤمنين، ما الذي يضحكك؟ فقال: «عجبت لمن يقرأ هذه الآية و لم يعرفها حق معرفتها». فقلت له: أي آية، يا أمير المؤمنين؟
It has been reported from Jabir Bin Abdullah Al Ansary who said,
‘I entered the Masjid Al-Kufa, and Amir Al-Momineen-asws was writing with his-asws finger and smiling. So I said to him-asws, ‘O Amir Al-Momineen-asws, what is it which make you-asws laugh?’ So he-asws said: ‘I-asws wonder at the one who recites this Verse and does not understand it as it deserves to be understood’. So I said to him, ‘Which Verse, O Amir Al-Momineen-asws?’
فقال: «قوله تعالى: اللَّهُ نُورُ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ مَثَلُ نُورِهِ كَمِشْكاةٍ، المشكاة: محمد (صلى الله عليه و آله)، فِيها مِصْباحٌ، أنا المصباح. فِي زُجاجَةٍ الزجاجة الحسن و الحسين (عليهما السلام)، كَأَنَّها كَوْكَبٌ دُرِّيٌّ و هو علي بن الحسين (عليه السلام)، يُوقَدُ مِنْ شَجَرَةٍ مُبارَكَةٍ محمد بن علي (عليه السلام)، زَيْتُونَةٍ جعفر بن محمد (عليه السلام) لا شَرْقِيَّةٍ موسى بن جعفر (عليه السلام)، وَ لا غَرْبِيَّةٍ علي بن موسى (عليه السلام)، يَكادُ زَيْتُها يُضِيءُ محمد بن علي (عليه السلام)، وَ لَوْ لَمْ تَمْسَسْهُ نارٌ علي بن محمد (عليه السلام)، نُورٌ عَلى نُورٍ الحسن ابن علي (عليه السلام)، يَهْدِي اللَّهُ لِنُورِهِ مَنْ يَشاءُ القائم المهدي (عليه السلام) وَ يَضْرِبُ اللَّهُ الْأَمْثالَ لِلنَّاسِ وَ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ
He-asws said: ‘The Words of the Exalted: Allah is Light of the skies and the earth [24:35]. The niche is Muhammad-saww, wherein is a lamp – I-asws am the lamp, the lamp is in a glass, The glass – Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws, as if it is a brightly shining star – it is Ali-asws Bin Al Husayn-asws, ignited from a Blessed tree Muhammad Bin Ali-asws, of olives – Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, neither eastern – Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws, nor western – Ali-asws Bin Musa-asws, Its oil almost illuminates – Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws – and even though fire does not touch it – Ali-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, Light upon Light – Al-Hassan-asws Ibn Ali-asws, Allah Guides to His Light ones He so Desires to – Al-Qaim Al-Mahdi-asws, and Allah Strikes examples for the people, and Allah is Knowing of all things [24:35]’.[80]
وعنه، قال: حدثنا حميد بن زياد، عن محمد بن الحسين، عن محمد بن يحيى، عن طلحة بن زيد، عن جعفر بن محمد، عن أبيه (عليهما السلام)، في هذه الآية: اللَّهُ نُورُ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ، قلت: لجعفر بن محمد (عليهما السلام): جعلت فداك- يا سيدي- إنهم يقولون: مثل نور الرب؟ قال: «سبحان الله! ليس لله مثل، قال الله: فَلا تَضْرِبُوا لِلَّهِ الْأَمْثالَ
And from him (Ali Bin Ibrahim) who said, ‘Hameed Bin Ziyad narrated to us, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Talha Bin Zayd,
(It has been narrated) from Ja’far Bin Muhammad-asws, from his-asws father-asws, regarding this Verse: Allah is Light of the skies and the earth [24:35] Allah is Light of the skies and the earth, I said to Ja’far Bin Muhammad-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws – O my Master-asws – They (people) are saying, ‘There is a resemblance for the Light of the Lord-azwj?’ He-asws said: ‘Glory be to Allah-azwj! There is no resemblance for Allah-azwj! Allah-azwj Says: Therefore, do not strike resemblances for Allah [16:74]’.[81]
الطبرسي، قال: روي عن الرضا (عليه السلام) أنه قال: «نحن المشكاة فيها، و المصباح محمد (صلى الله عليه و آله)، يَهْدِي اللَّهُ لِنُورِهِ مَنْ يَشاءُ يهدي الله لولايتنا من أحب
Al Tabarsy said,
‘It has been reported from Al-Reza-asws having said: ‘We-asws are the Niches regarding it, and the lamp is Muhammad-saww: Allah Guides to His Light ones He so Desires to [24:35], Allah-azwj Guides to our-asws Wilayah, the one whom He-azwj Loves’.[82]
وعنه، قال: حدثنا إبراهيم بن هارون الهيتي، قال: حدثنا محمد بن أحمد بن أبي الثلج، قال: حدثنا جعفر بن محمد بن الحسن الزهري قال: حدثنا أحمد بن صبيح، قال: حدثنا ظريف بن ناصح، عن عيسى ابن راشد، عن محمد بن علي بن الحسين (عليهم السلام)، في قول الله عز و جل: كَمِشْكاةٍ فِيها مِصْباحٌ، قال: «المشكاة: نور العلم في صدر محمد (صلى الله عليه و آله)
And from him, said, ‘It was narrated to us by Ibrahim Bin Haroun Al Hayti, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Abu Al Salj, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Al Zuhry, from Ahmad Bin Sabeeh, from Zareyf Bin Nasih, from Isa Ibn Rashid,
From Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws Bin Al-Hassan-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: like a niche wherein is a lamp [24:35]. He-asws said: ‘The niche is the light of knowledge in the chest of Muhammad-saww’.
الْمِصْباحُ فِي زُجاجَةٍ، قال: «الزجاجة: صدر علي (عليه السلام)، صار علم النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله) إلى صدر علي (عليه السلام)
(As for): the lamp is in a glass, he-asws said: ‘The glass is the chest of Ali-asws. The knowledge of the Prophet-saww came to the chest of Ali-asws’.
الزُّجاجَةُ كَأَنَّها كَوْكَبٌ دُرِّيٌّ يُوقَدُ مِنْ شَجَرَةٍ مُبارَكَةٍ، قال: «نور العلم
(As for): and the glass is as if it is a brightly shining star ignited from a Blessed tree, he-asws said: ‘Light of the knowledge’.
لا شَرْقِيَّةٍ وَ لا غَرْبِيَّةٍ، قال: «لا يهودية و لا نصرانية
(As for): neither eastern nor western, he-asws said: ‘Neither Jewish nor Christian’.
يَكادُ زَيْتُها يُضِيءُ وَ لَوْ لَمْ تَمْسَسْهُ نارٌ، قال: «يكاد العالم من آل محمد (عليهم السلام) يتكلم بالعلم قبل أن يسأل
(As for): Its oil almost illuminates and even though fire does not touch it, he-asws said: ‘The knowledgeable one-asws from the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww almost speaks with the knowledge before he-asws is even asked’.
نُورٌ عَلى نُورٍ، قال: «يعني إماما مؤيدا بنور العلم و الحكمة في أثر إمام، من آل محمد (عليهم السلام)، و ذلك من لدن آدم، إلى أن تقوم الساعة
(As for): Light upon Light, he-asws said: ‘It mean an Imam-asws aided by the Light of the knowledge and the wisdom in the footsteps of an Imam-asws from the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww, and that (knowledge and the wisdom) is from the time of Adam-as up to the Establishment of the Hour’’.[83]
وعنه، قال: حدثنا حميد بن زياد، عن محمد بن الحسين، عن محمد بن يحيى، عن طلحة بن زيد، عن جعفر بن محمد، عن أبيه (عليهما السلام)، في هذه الآية: اللَّهُ نُورُ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ، قال: بدأ بنور نفسه تعالى، مَثَلُ نُورِهِ مثل هداه في قلب المؤمن كَمِشْكاةٍ فِيها مِصْباحٌ الْمِصْباحُ، و المشكاة: جوف المؤمن، و القنديل: قلبه، و المصباح: النور الذي جعله الله في قلبه
And from him, said, ‘It was narrated to us by Hameed Bin Ziyad, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Talha Bin Zayd,
‘From Ja’far Bin Muhammad-asws, from his-asws father-asws regarding this Verse: Allah is Light of the skies and the earth [24:35]. He-asws said: ‘He-azwj Began by His-azwj Own Exalted Light. An example of His Light – is like an example of His-azwj Guidance in the heart of the Momin, is like a niche wherein is a lamp, the lamp – And the niche is the inside of the Momin, and the lamp is his heart, and the lamp is the light which Allah-azwj Made it to be in his heart’.
يُوقَدُ مِنْ شَجَرَةٍ مُبارَكَةٍ- قال- الشجرة: المؤمن، زَيْتُونَةٍ لا شَرْقِيَّةٍ وَ لا غَرْبِيَّةٍ على سواء الجبل، لا غربية: أي لا شرق لها، و لا شرقية: أى لا غرب لها، إذا طلعت الشمس عليها، و إذا غربت غربت عليها
(as for): ignited from a Blessed tree, he-asws said: ‘The tree is the Momin, of olives, neither eastern nor western, upon the mountain plain, neither western, i.e. there being no east for it, nor eastern, i.e. there being no west for it, when the sun emerges upon it, and when it sets, it sets upon it.
يَكادُ زَيْتُها يُضِيءُ يكاد النور الذي جعله الله في قلبه يضيء، و لو لم يتكلم نُورٌ عَلى نُورٍ فريضة على فريضة، و سنة على سنة يَهْدِي اللَّهُ لِنُورِهِ مَنْ يَشاءُ يهدي الله لفرائضه و سننه من يشاء
(As for): Its oil almost illuminates – the light which Allah-azwj Made to be in his heart almost illuminates, and even if he does not speak. Light upon Light – and Obligation upon an Obligation, and a Sunnah upon a Sunnah. Allah Guides to His Light ones He so Desires to – Allah-azwj Guides to His-azwj Obligation and His-azwj Sunnah, ones He-azwj so Desires to.
وَ يَضْرِبُ اللَّهُ الْأَمْثالَ لِلنَّاسِ فهذا مثل ضربه الله للمؤمن
(As for): and Allah Strikes examples for the people – so this is an example Allah-azwj Struck for the Momin’.
ثم قال- فالمؤمن يتقلب في خمسة من النور. مدخله نور، و مخرجه نور، و علمه نور، و كلامه نور، و مصيره يوم القيامة إلى الجنة نور
Then he-asws said: ‘Thus, the Momin turns among five of the lights. His entrance is light, and his exit is light, and his knowledge is light, and his speech is light, and his destiny on the Day of Judgment to the Paradise is light’.
قلت: لجعفر بن محمد (عليهما السلام): جعلت فداك- يا سيدي- إنهم يقولون: مثل نور الرب؟ قال: «سبحان الله! ليس لله مثل، قال الله: فَلا تَضْرِبُوا لِلَّهِ الْأَمْثالَ
I said to Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws, O my Master-asws! They (people) are saying there is a resemblance of the Light of the Lord-azwj?’ He-asws said: ‘Glorious is Allah-azwj! There isn’t a resemblance for Allah-azwj. Allah-azwj Says: Therefore, do not strike resemblances for Allah [16:74]’’.[84]
وعنه، قال: حدثني أبي، عن عبد الله بن جندب، قال: كتبت إلى أبي الحسن الرضا (عليه السلام)، أسأله عن تفسير هذه الآية، فكتب إلي الجواب: «أما بعد، فإن محمدا (صلى الله عليه و آله) كان أمين الله في خلقه، فلما قبض النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله)، كنا أهل البيت ورثته، فنحن أمناء الله في أرضه، عندنا علم المنايا، و البلايا، و أنساب العرب، و مولد الإسلام
And from him, said, ‘My father narrated to me, from Abdullah Bin Jundab who said,
‘I wrote to Abu Al-Hassan Al-Reza-asws, asking him-asws about the interpretation of this Verse (24:35). He-asws wrote the answer to me: ‘As for after, Muhammad-saww was a Trustee of Allah-azwj among His-azwj creatures. So when the Prophet-saww passed away, it was the People-asws of the Household who inherited him-saww. Thus, we-asws are the Trustees of Allah-azwj in His-azwj earth. With us-asws is the knowledge of the deaths and the afflictions, and the lineages of the Arabs, and the birth of Al Islam.
و ما من فئة تضل مائة و تهدي مائة إلا و نحن نعرف سائقها و قائدها و ناعقها، و إنا لنعرف الرجل إذا رأيناه بحقيقة الإيمان، و حقيقة النفاق، و إن شيعتنا لمكتوبون بأسمائهم و أسماء آبائهم، أخذ الله علينا و عليهم الميثاق، يردون موردنا، و يدخلون مدخلنا، ليس على ملة الإسلام غيرنا و غيرهم إلى يوم القيامة
And there is none from a group straying a hundred and guiding a hundred, except and we-asws recognise its usher, and its leader, and its caller, and we-asws recognise the man when we-asws show him the realities of the Eman, and realities of the hypocrisy, and that our-asws Shias are registered with their names and the names of their fathers. Allah-azwj Took the Covenant upon us-asws and upon them. They turn our-asws turnings and enter our-asws entrances. There wouldn’t be anyone upon the Religion of Al Islam apart from us-asws and them up to the Day of Judgment.
نحن الآخذون بحجزة نبينا (صلى الله عليه و آله)، و نبينا آخذ بحجزة ربنا، و الحجزة: النور، و شيعتنا آخذون بحجزتنا
We-asws would be grabbing an attachment of our-asws Prophet-saww, and our-asws Prophet-saww would be grabbing an Attachment of our-asws Lord-azwj – and the attachment, it is the Light – and our-asws Shias would be grabbing our-asws attachment.
من فارقنا هلك، و من تبعنا نجا، و المفارق لنا، و الجاحد لولايتنا كافر، و متبعنا و تابع أوليائنا مؤمن، لا يحبنا كافر، و لا يبغضنا مؤمن، و من مات و هو يحبنا كان حقا على الله أن يبعثه معنا
One who separates from us-asws is destroyed, and one who follows us-asws achieves salvation, and the separator from us-asws and the rejecter of our-asws Wilayah is a Kafir, and follower of us-asws and follower of our-asws friends is a Momin. A Kafir will not love us-asws and a Momin will not hate us-asws. And one who dies, and he loves us-asws, would have a right upon Allah-azwj that He-azwj Resurrects him to be with us-asws.
نحن نور لمن تبعنا، و هدى لمن اهتدى بنا، و من لم يكن منا فليس من الإسلام في شيء، و بنا فتح الله الدين، و بنا يختمه، و بنا أطعمكم الله عشب الأرض، و بنا أنزل الله قطر السماء، و بنا آمنكم الله من الغرق في بحركم، و من الخسف في بركم، و بنا نفعكم الله في حياتكم، و في قبوركم، و في محشركم، و عند الصراط، و عند الميزان، و عند دخول الجنة
We-asws are a Light for the ones who follow us-asws, and a Guidance for the one who seeks Guidance with us-asws. And one who does not happen to be from us-asws, so he isn’t from Al Islam into anything. And by us-asws Allah-azwj will Grant victory to the Religion, and by us-asws He-azwj will end it, and by us-asws Allah-azwj Feeds you all the vegetation of the earth, and by us-asws Allah-azwj Sends down the drops of the sky, and by us-asws Allah-azwj Secures you from drowning in your oceans, and ones who submerge in your lands, and by us-asws Allah-azwj Benefits you in your lives, and in your graves, and in your Resurrection, and at the Bridge, and at the Scale, and at the entrance of the Paradise.
مثلنا في كتاب الله كمثل مشكاة، و المشكاة في القنديل، فنحن المشكاة فيها مصباح، المصباح: محمد رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): الْمِصْباحُ فِي زُجاجَةٍ من عنصره الطاهر الزُّجاجَةُ كَأَنَّها كَوْكَبٌ دُرِّيٌّ يُوقَدُ مِنْ شَجَرَةٍ مُبارَكَةٍ زَيْتُونَةٍ لا شَرْقِيَّةٍ وَ لا غَرْبِيَّةٍ لا دعية، و لا منكرة
Our-asws example in the Book of Allah-azwj is like a niche, and the niche is in the lantern. Thus, we-asws are the niche wherein is a lamp [24:35]. The lamp is Muhammad-saww, Rasool-saww of Allah-azwj, the lamp is in a glass, from its pure elements, and the glass is as if it is a brightly shining star ignited from a Blessed tree of olives, neither eastern nor western – neither disgusting nor evil.
يَكادُ زَيْتُها يُضِيءُ وَ لَوْ لَمْ تَمْسَسْهُ نارٌ القرآن نُورٌ عَلى نُورٍ إمام بعد إمام، يَهْدِي اللَّهُ لِنُورِهِ مَنْ يَشاءُ وَ يَضْرِبُ اللَّهُ الْأَمْثالَ لِلنَّاسِ وَ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ فالنور علي (عليه السلام)، يهدي الله لولايتنا من أحب، و حق على الله أن يبعث ولينا مشرقا وجهه، منيرا برهانه، ظاهرة عند الله حجته
Its oil almost illuminates and even though fire does not touch it – the Quran. Light upon Light – Imam-asws after an Imam-asws. Allah Guides to His Light ones He so Desires to, and Allah Strikes examples for the people, and Allah is Knowing of all things [24:35]. So the Light is Ali-asws. Allah-azwj Guides to our-asws Wilayah, the one He-azwj Loves, and there is a right upon Allah-azwj that He-azwj Resurrects ones is our-asws Wilayah with a bright face, His-azwj Proof being radiant, a phenomenon in the Presence of Allah-azwj of His-azwj Divine Authorities.
حق على الله أن يجعل أولياءنا المتقين مع الصديقين و الشهداء و الصالحين، و حسن أولئك رفيقا، فشهداؤنا لهم فضل على الشهداء بعشر درجات، و لشهيد شيعتنا فضل على كل شهيد غيرنا بتسع درجات
There is a right upon Allah-azwj that He-azwj Makes the ones in our-asws Wilayah, the pious ones, to be with the Truthful and the Martyrs and the Righteous; and a goodly company are they! [4:69]. Thus, our-asws martyrs, for them is a merit upon the martyrs by ten Levels, and a martyr of our-asws Shias has a merit upon all martyrs apart from ours-asws, by nine Levels.
فنحن النجباء، و نحن أفراط الأنبياء، و نحن أولاد الأوصياء، و نحن المخصوصون في كتاب الله، و نحن أولى الناس برسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، و نحن الذين شرع الله لنا دينه، فقال في كتابه: شَرَعَ لَكُمْ مِنَ الدِّينِ ما وَصَّى بِهِ نُوحاً وَ الَّذِي أَوْحَيْنا إِلَيْكَ يا محمد وَ ما وَصَّيْنا بِهِ إِبْراهِيمَ وَ مُوسى وَ عِيسى
We-asws are the excellent ones, and we-asws are the excess of the Prophets-as, and we-asws are the children of the successors-as, and we-asws are the ones-asws particularise in the Book of Allah-azwj, and we-asws are the foremost of the people with Rasool-Allah-saww, and we-asws are those Allah-azwj Legislated His-azwj Religion for us-asws, so He-azwj Said in His-azwj Book: He has Legislated for you from the Religion what He Bequeathed with to Noah, and which We Revealed to you, and what We Bequeathed with to Ibrahim, and Musa, and Isa [42:13].
قد علمنا و بلغنا ما علمنا، و استودعنا علمهم، و نحن ورثة الأنبياء، و نحن ورثة اولي العلم، و اولي العزم من الرسل، أَنْ أَقِيمُوا الدِّينَ كما قال الله: وَ لا تَتَفَرَّقُوا فِيهِ كَبُرَ عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ من أشرك بولاية علي (عليه السلام) ما تَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَيْهِ من ولاية علي (عليه السلام) يا محمد، يَهْدِي إِلَيْهِ مَنْ يُنِيبُ من يجيبك إلى ولاية علي (عليه السلام)، و قد بعثت بكتاب فيه هدى، فتدبره و افهمه، فإنه شفاء لما في الصدور
We-asws have been Taught, and we-asws delivered what we-asws were Taught, and we-asws kept their-as knowledge in trust, and we-asws are the inheritors of the Prophets-as, and we-asws inherited the foremost knowledge and of the Determined ones from the Rasools-as that: “Establish the Religion and do not be divided in it!” Greatly difficult it is upon the associators [42:13] – ones who associate with the Wilayah of Ali-asws, what you are calling them to – from the Wilayah of Ali-asws, O Muhammad-saww, He Guides towards it ones who are penitent [42:13], one who answers you-saww to the Wilayah of Ali-asws, and he-saww had been Sent with a Book wherein is Guidance, therefore ponder over it, and understand it, as it is a healing for what is in the chests’’.[85]
Appendix I: Sermon of Amir Al-Momeen-asws on Zikr (Verse 24:37)
نهج، نهج البلاغة مِنْ كَلَامٍ لَهُ ع عِنْدَ تِلَاوَتِهِ رِجالٌ لا تُلْهِيهِمْ تِجارَةٌ وَ لا بَيْعٌ عَنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سُبْحَانَهُ جَعَلَ الذِّكْرَ جِلاءً لِلْقُلُوبِ تَسْمَعُ بِهِ بَعْدَ الْوَقْرَةِ وَ تُبْصِرُ بِهِ بَعْدَ الْعَشْوَةِ وَ تَنْقَادُ بِهِ بَعْدَ الْمُعَانَدَةِ
(The book) ‘Nahj Al-Balagah; –
‘From a speech of his-asws at the recitation of: Men whom neither trading nor selling diverts them from the Zikr of Allah [24:37], he-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Glorious has Made the Zikr a polishing for the hearts to hear with it after the deafness and be insightful with it after the blindness, and succumb with it after the obstinacy.
وَ مَا بَرِحَ لِلَّهِ عَزَّتْ آلَاؤُهُ فِي الْبُرْهَةِ بَعْدَ الْبُرْهَةِ وَ فِي أَزْمَانِ الْفَتَرَاتِ عِبَادٌ نَاجَاهُمْ فِي فِكْرِهِمْ وَ كَلَّمَهُمْ فِي ذَاتِ عُقُولِهِمْ
And there did not depart for Allah-azwj His-azwj Mighty Favours in the period after the period, and in times are the times of gap period (of the Prophets-as), servants He-azwj Rescued them in their thinking, and Spoke to them with their intellects.
فَاسْتَصْبَحُوا بِنُورِ يَقَظَةٍ فِي الْأَسْمَاعِ وَ الْأَبْصَارِ وَ الْأَفْئِدَةِ يُذَكِّرُونَ بِأَيَّامِ اللَّهِ وَ يُخَوِّفُونَ مَقَامَهُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْأَدِلَّةِ فِي الْفَلَوَاتِ مَنْ أَخَذَ الْقَصْدَ حَمِدُوا إِلَيْهِ طَرِيقَهُ وَ بَشَّرُوهُ بِالنَّجَاةِ وَ مَنْ أَخَذَ يَمِيناً وَ شِمَالًا ذَمُّوا إِلَيْهِ الطَّرِيقَ وَ حَذَّرُوهُ مِنَ الْهَلَكَةِ وَ كَانُوا كَذَلِكَ مَصَابِيحَ تِلْكَ الظُّلُمَاتِ وَ أَدِلَّةَ تِلْكَ الشُّبُهَاتِ
So, they became awakened by the Noor in the hearing and the sight and the heart, remembering the days of Allah-azwj and fearing His-azwj Pausing them in the status of pointers in the wilderness. One who took with the middle path was praising Him-azwj His-azwj Path and His-azwj Glad tidings with the salvation, and the one who took to the right and the left, they condemned His-azwj path, and they cautioned of the destruction, and they were like that, lamps in that darkness, and pointer in those suspicions.
وَ إِنَّ لِلذِّكْرِ لَأَهْلًا أَخَذُوهُ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا بَدَلًا فَلَمْ تَشْغَلْهُمْ تِجَارَةٌ وَ لَا بَيْعٌ عَنْهُ يَقْطَعُونَ بِهِ أَيَّامَ الْحَيَاةِ وَ يَهْتِفُونَ بِالزَّوَاجِرِ عَنْ مَحَارِمِ اللَّهِ فِي أَسْمَاعِ الْغَافِلِينَ وَ يَأْمُرُونَ بِالْقِسْطِ وَ يَأْتَمِرُونَ بِهِ وَ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَ يَتَنَاهَوْنَ عَنْهُ
And for the Zikr there are people who have taking it as a replacement from the world, so neither trade nor selling pre-occupies them from it. By (Zikr) they are cutting the days of the life, and they are alerting with the rebukes from the Prohibitions of Allah-azwj into the ears of the heedless ones, and instructing them with the fairness are practicing it, and they are forbidding from the evil and are staying away from it.
فَكَأَنَّمَا قَطَعُوا الدُّنْيَا إِلَى الْآخِرَةِ وَ هُمْ فِيهَا فَشَاهَدُوا مَا وَرَاءَ ذَلِكَ
It is as if they are cutting across the world to the Hereafter while they are in it, so they are witnessing what is beyond that.
فَكَأَنَّمَا اطَّلَعُوا غُيُوبَ أَهْلِ الْبَرْزَخِ فِي طُولِ الْإِقَامَةِ فِيهِ وَ حَقَّقَتِ الْقِيَامَةُ عَلَيْهِمْ عِدَاتِهَا فَكَشَفُوا غِطَاءَ ذَلِكَ لِأَهْلِ الدُّنْيَا حَتَّى كَأَنَّهُمْ يَرَوْنَ مَا لَا يَرَى النَّاسُ وَ يَسْمَعُونَ مَا لَا يَسْمَعُونَ
It is as if they are notified of the hidden matters of the people of purgatory regarding the length of their stay in it, and the Qiyamah has been proven true upon them of its Promises. So they uncovered that covering of people of the world until it was as if they were seeing what the people could not see, and they were hearing what they could not hear.
فَلَوْ مَثَّلْتَهُمْ لِعَقْلِكَ فِي مَقَاوِمِهِمُ الْمَحْمُودَةِ وَ مَجَالِسِهِمُ الْمَشْهُودَةِ وَ قَدْ نَشَرُوا دَوَاوِينَ أَعْمَالِهِمْ وَ فَرَغُوا لِمُحَاسَبَةِ أَنْفُسِهِمْ عَلَى كُلِّ صَغِيرَةٍ وَ كَبِيرَةٍ أُمِرُوا بِهَا فَقَصَّرُوا عَنْهَا وَ نُهُوا عَنْهَا فَفَرَّطُوا فِيهَا وَ حَمَّلُوا ثِقَلَ أَوْزَارِهِمْ ظُهُورَهُمْ فَضَعُفُوا عَنِ الِاسْتِقْلَالِ بِهَا
If you were to resemble them to your intellect in their praise-worthy positions and their witnessed gatherings, and the registers of their deeds having been published, and they are free for the Reckoning themselves upon every minor and major sin, and they have been Commanded with but there were deficient about these, and they had been Forbidden from it but there were excessive in it, and they were loaded with the weight of their burdens on their backs, so they were too weak to be independent with it.
فَنَشَجُوا نَشِيجاً وَ تَجَاوَبُوا نَحِيباً يَعِجُّونَ إِلَى رَبِّهِمْ مِنْ مَقَامِ نَدَمٍ وَ اعْتِرَافٍ لَرَأَيْتَ أَعْلَامَ هُدًى وَ مَصَابِيحَ دُجًى قَدْ حَفَّتْ بِهِمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَ نَزَلَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّكِينَةُ وَ فُتِحَتْ لَهُمْ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ وَ أُعِدَّتْ لَهُمْ مَقَاعِدُ الْكَرَامَاتِ فِي مَقَامٍ اطَّلَعَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهِ
They wept with a crying and they whimpered with whisperings, bewailing to their Lord-azwj from a position of regret, and acknowledgement, you will see (them as) flags of guidance, and lamps for darkness, the Angels to have surrounded them, and the tranquillity having descended upon them, and the gateways of the sky opened up for them, and the honourable seats to have been prepared for them in the position Allah-azwj had Notified them regarding it.
فَرَضِيَ سَعْيَهُمْ وَ حَمِدَ مَقَامَهُمْ يَتَنَسَّمُونَ بِدُعَائِهِ رَوْحَ التَّجَاوُزِ رَهَائِنُ فَاقَةٍ إِلَى فَضْلِهِ وَ أُسَارَى ذِلَّةٍ لِعَظَمَتِهِ جَرَحَ طُولُ الْأَسَى قُلُوبَهُمْ وَ طُولُ الْبُكَاءِ عُيُونَهُمْ
He-azwj is Pleased with their striving and Praised their positions, as they breathed in His-azwj Call the breeze of the aromatic transcendence. They are destitute to His-azwj Grace, and humiliation of imprisonment to His-azwj Magnificence. The prolonged imprisoned as injured their hearts, and the lengthy of the crying (has injured) their eyes.
لِكُلِّ بَابِ رَغْبَةٍ إِلَى اللَّهِ مِنْهُمْ يَدٌ قَارِعَةٌ بِهَا يَسْأَلُونَ مَنْ لَا تَضِيقُ لَدَيْهِ الْمَنَادِحُ وَ لَا يَخِيبُ عَلَيْهِ الرَّاغِبُونَ فَحَاسِبْ نَفْسَكَ لِنَفْسِكَ فَإِنَّ غَيْرَهَا مِنَ الْأَنْفُسِ لَهَا حَسِيبٌ غَيْرُكَ
For every door there is a desire to Allah-azwj from them, a hand they are knocking with. They are asking the One-azwj there is no restriction for His-azwj Generousity, nor are the desirous disappointed to Him-azwj. Therefore reckon yourself for yourself, for other souls will have a reckoning (for you) besides you’’.[86]
[1] تفسير القمي، ج2، ص: 95
[2] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 70 H 56
[3] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 70 H 4
[4] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 72 – The book of relationships – Ch 65 H 2
[5] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 72 – The book of relationships – Ch 65 H 11
[6] تفسير القمي، ج2، ص: 101
[7] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 66 – The book of Eman and Kufr – Ch 37 H 39
[8] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 9, The book of Argumentation, Ch 1 H 114
[9] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 10, The book of Argumentation, S 3 Ch 6 H 2
[10] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 68 H 9
[11] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 83 H 15
[12] Bihar Al Anwaar – V 2, The book of our Prophet-saww, Ch 11 H 42
[13] Bihar Al Anwaar – V 2, The book of our Prophet-saww, Ch 11 H 43
[14] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 23, The book of Imamate, P 1 Ch 18 H 19
[15] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 23, The book of Imamate, P 1 Ch 18 H 41
[16] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 64 The book of Eman and Kufr – Ch 3 H 21
[17] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 23, The book of Imamate, P 1 Ch 18 H 42
[18] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 23, The book of Imamate, P 1 Ch 17 H 64
[19] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 72 – The book of relationships – Ch 32 H 3
[20] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 72 – The book of relationships – Ch 88 H 5
[21] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 73 – The book of relationships – Ch 97 H 3
[22] ثواب الأعمال: 109
[23] خواص القرآن: 45 (مخطوط)
[24] Tafseer Noor Al Saqalayn – Ch 24 H 4
[25] خواص القرآن: 45 (مخطوط).
[26] الكافي 2: 27/ 1.
[27] التهذيب 10: 150/ 602
[28] تفسير القمّي 2: 95.
[29] مجمع البيان 7: 197
[30] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Marriage Ch 30 H 1
[31] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Marriage Ch 30 H 6
[32] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Marriage Ch 96 H 3
[33] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 17 H 1 (Extract)
[34] الكافي 7: 205/ 3
[35] تفسير القمّي 2: 96.
[36] تفسير القمّي 2: 96
[37] الكافي 6: 163/ 4
[38] Al Kafi – V 7 – The Book of Divorce Ch 73 H 3
[39] Al Kafi – V 7 – The Book of Legal Penalties Ch 29 H 5
[40] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 260/ 207
[41] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 261/ 209.
[42] Tafseer Noor Al-Saqalayn – Ch 21 H 199
[43] الخصال: 563/ 31.
[44] Al-Muqawqis is mentioned in Islamic history as a ruler of Egypt, who corresponded with the Islamic Prophet Muhammadsaww. He is often identified with Cyrus, Patriarch of Alexandria, who administered Egypt on behalf of the Byzantine Empire – (Wikipedia).
[45] الهداية الكبرى: 297. (Extract)
[46] تفسير القمّي 2: 319.
[47] من لا يحضره الفقيه 2: 381/ 1627
[48] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 148 H 2
[49] Al Kafi – V 8 H 14573
[50] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 148 H 5
[51] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 148 H 6
[52] الكافي 2: 165/ 8.
[53] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 148 H 7
[54] تفسير القمّي 2: 100.
[55] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 112 H 24 (Extract)
[56] تفسير القمّي 2: 101.
[57] تفسير القمّي 2: 101.
[58] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Marriage Ch 155 H 5
[59] الكافي 2: 30/ 1.
[60] تفسير القمّي 2: 101.
[61] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Marriage Ch 155 H 4
[62] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Marriage Ch 155 H 3
[63] الكافي 5: 521/ 2.
[64] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Marriage Ch 155 H 1
[65] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Marriage Ch 157 H 1
[66] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Marriage Ch 10 H 5
[67] الكافي 5: 331/ 6
[68] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Marriage Ch 10 H 7
[69] الكافي 5: 331/ 7.
[70] الكافي 6: 187/ 10
[71] من لا يحضره الفقيه 3: 87/ 287.
[72] تفسير القمّي 2: 102
[73] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Emancipation, and the Arrangement, and the Contract Ch 10 H 7
[74] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Emancipation, and the Arrangement, and the Contract Ch 10 H 9
[75] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Emancipation, and the Arrangement, and the Contract Ch 10 H 17
[76] Al Kafi V 1 – The Book Of Tawheed (Oneness of Allahazwj) CH 16 H 4
[77] الكافي 1: 151/ 5. (Extract)
[78] الكافي 8: 380/ 574
[79] التوحيد: 157/ 3.
[80] غاية المرام: 317، اللوامع النورانية: 247
[81] تفسير القمّي 2: 103 (Extract)
[82] مجمع البيان 7: 226.
[83] التوحيد: 158/ 4
[84] تفسير القمّي 2: 103
[85] تفسير القمّي 2: 104.
[86] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 66 – The book of Eman and Kufr – Ch 37 H 39