ย It is very important for all Muslims to make a will, at what age and how, we shall learn from the following traditions of Masomeen-asws:
ย (1)
ุฑูู ู ุญู ุฏ ุจู ุงููุถููุ ุนู ุฃุจู ุงูุตุจุงุญ ุงูููุงูู ุนู ุฃุจู ุนุจุฏ ุงููู (ุนููู ุงูุณูุงู ) ูุงู: โ ุณุฃูุชู ุนู ุงููุตูุฉุ ููุงู: ูู ุญู ุนูู ูู ู ุณูู
Mohammed bin Faisel reports from Abi Alsabh that he asked from Abi Abdullah-asws regarding the will, Imam-asws replied: โWill is an essential duty of every Muslim.[1]
ย (2)
ย ูุฑูู ุงูุนูุงุกุ ุนู ู ุญู ุฏ ุจู ู ุณูู ูุงู ุฃุจู ุฌุนูุฑ (ุนููู ุงูุณูุงู ): โ ุงููุตูุฉ ุญูุ ููุฏ ุฃูุตู ุฑุณูู ุงููู (ุตูู ุงููู ุนููู ูุขูู)ุ ูููุจุบู ููู ุณูู ุฃู ููุตู
ย It is narrated from Mohammed Bin Muslim who heard from Imam Abu Jafar-asws: The will is an obligation, and Messenger of Allah-saww, has also left will, it is the duty of all Muslim to do the same.[2]
ย ย ุง ูู ู ุงููู ุชุจุงุฑู ูุชุนุงูู ุจู ุนูู ุนุจุฏู ุนูุฏ ุงูููุงุฉ ู ู ุฑุฏ ุจุตุฑู ูุณู ุนู ูุนููู ูููุตู
ย Allah-azwj blesses His-azwj slave before his death with restoring his sight, hearing and mind to enable him to leave a will behind.
ย ย (3)
ย ุฑูู ู ุญู ุฏ ุจู ุฃุจู ุนู ูุฑุ ุนู ุญู ุงุฏ ุจู ุนุซู ุงู ูุงู: ูุงู ุฃุจู ุนุจุฏ ุงููู (ุนููู ุงูุณูุงู ): โ ู ุงู ู ู ูุช ุชุญุถุฑู ุงูููุงุฉ ุฅูุง ุฑุฏ ุงููู ุนููู ู ู ุณู ุนู ูุจุตุฑู ูุนููู ูููุตูุฉ ุฃุฎุฐ ุงููุตูุฉ ุฃู ุชุฑู ููู ุงูุฑุงุญุฉ ุงูุชู ููุงู ููุง ุฑุงุญุฉ ุงูู ูุชุ ููู ุญู ุนูู ูู ู ุณูู โ
Mohammed bin Abi Youmar reports from Hamad bin Usman who heard from Abu Abdullah-asws: Allah azwj restores His servants vision, hearing and mind so that he may make will. It, however, depends on him to leave will or not but this is the comfort extended to him before death.ย This is the right of each Muslim (to be relieved so that he may leave will).[3]
Abandoning will is Disliked (Makruh)
ย (4)
ุฃุจู ูุนูู ุ ุนู ุฃุจู ุญู ุฒุฉุ ุนู ุฃุจู ุฌุนูุฑ ุนููู ุงูุณูุงู ูุงู: ุฅู ุงููู ุชุจุงุฑู ูุชุนุงูู ูููู: [ ูุง ] ุงุจู ุขุฏู ุชุทููุช ุนููู ุจุซูุงุซ: ุณุชุฑุช ุนููู ู ุง ูู ูุนูู ุจู ุฃููู ู ุง ูุงุฑููย ูุฃูุณุนุช ุนููู ูุงุณุชูุฑุถุช ู ูู ููู ุชูุฏู ุฎูุฑุงุ ูุฌุนูุช ูู ูุธุฑุฉ ุนูุฏ ู ูุชู ูู ุซูุซู ููู ุชูุฏู
ุฎูุฑุง.
ย Abi Naeem narrates from Abi Hamza who heard from Imam Mohammed Baqir-asws: Allah-azwj Says : [ O ] the sons of Adam I-azwj blessed you with three :1) concealed your sins from your family, if they come to know about your sins they would not (bother to) bury you. 2) I-azwj gave you wealth and asked for a loan from you (to give to poor) but you didnโt give it for good causes. 3) Before your death I-azwj returned back your senses, so that you may leave behind a will for good causes in wealth (maximum up to one third of wealth) but you didnโt consider it.[4]
The Earliest One may Make a Will
ย (5)
ุฑูู ู ุญู ุฏ ุจู ุฃุจู ุนู ูุฑ ุนู ุฃุจุงู ุจู ุนุซู ุงูุ ุนู ุนุจุฏ ุงูุฑุญู ู ุจู ุฃุจู ุนุจุฏ ุงููู ุนู ุฃุจู ุนุจุฏ ุงููู (ุนููู ุงูุณูุงู ) ุฃูู ูุงู: โ ุฅุฐุง ุจูุบ ุงูุบูุงู ุนุดุฑ ุณููู ุฌุงุฒุช ูุตูุชู
ย It is narrated by Mohammed that he heard from Abi Umar, who from Aban bin Usman who from Abdul Rahman who from Imam Abi Abdullah-asws: โ Upon reaching at the age of 10, a boy can make a will.[5]ย
Preferred amount for will
ย (6)
ุฑูู ุงูุณููููุ ุนู ุฌุนูุฑ ุจู ู ุญู ุฏุ ุนู ุฃุจููุ ุนู ุขุจุงุฆู (ุนูููู ุงูุณูุงู ) ูุงู: โ ูุงู: ุฃู ูุฑ ุงูู ุคู ููู (ุนููู ุงูุณูุงู ): ุงููุตูุฉ ุจุงูุฎู ุณ ูุงู ุงููู ุนุฒูุฌู ุฑุถู ูููุณู ุจุงูุฎู ุณุ ููุงู ุงูุฎู ุณ ุงูุชุตุงุฏุ ูุงูุฑุจุน ุฌูุฏุ ูุงูุซูุซ ุญูู โ
Al-Sakuni heard from Imam Jafar bin Mohammed-asws who from his father-asws who from his father-asws thatย Amir-ul-Momaneen-asws said: The will should be in one fifth, because Allah-azwj has preferred one fifth for Himself-azwj (for charity).ย So one fifth is preferred as the quarter would be unbearable but one third would be injustice โ[6]
[1] Manlayazahooul faqi Vol-4.Page-181
[2] Manlayazahooul faqi Vol-4.Page-181
[3] Manlayazahooul faqi Vol-4.Page-180
[4] Al-khisal Vol-1.Page 136.
[5] Manlayazahooul faqi Vol-4.Page-196
[6] Manlayazahooul faqi Vol-4.Page-185
