The current Islamic calendar, which is followed, starts with the month of Muharram, but the Ahadith indicate that the year starts with the month of Ramazan.
The First Month of the Islamic year is the Month of Ramazan
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ عَمْرٍو الشَّامِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِنَّ عِدَّةَ الشُّهُورِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ اثْنا عَشَرَ شَهْراً فِي كِتابِ اللَّهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ فَغُرَّةُ الشُّهُورِ شَهْرُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ ذِكْرُهُ وَ هُوَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ قَلْبُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ وَ نُزِّلَ الْقُرْآنُ فِي أَوَّلِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَاسْتَقْبِلِ الشَّهْرَ بِالْقُرْآنِ.
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Abdullah Bin Al Mugheira, from Amro Al Shamy,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The number of months in the Presence of Allah-azwj are twelve months in the Book of Allah-azwj, from the day He-azwj Created the skies and the earth.
So the commencement of the months is the Month of Allah-azwj and it is the Month of Ramazan; and the heart of the Month of Ramazan is the Night of Pre-destination; and the Quran was Revealed in the first night of the Month of Ramazan. Therefore, welcome the Month with the Quran’.[1]
وَ قَالَ ع إِيَّاكَ وَ الْغِيبَةَ فَإِنَّهَا إِدَامُ كِلَابِ النَّارِ.
And he-asws said: ‘Beware of the backbiting for it is a sauce of the dogs of the Fire’’.[2]
وَ قَالَ ع مَنِ اتَّكَلَ عَلَى حُسْنِ اخْتِيَارِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَمْ يَتَمَنَّ أَنَّهُ فِي حَالٍ غَيْرِ حَالٍ الَّتِي اخْتَارَهَا اللَّهُ لَهُ.
And he-asws said: ‘One who relies upon goodly Choice of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic (Istikhara), will not wish to be in a state other than the state which Allah-azwj has Chosen for him’.
قِيلَ تَشَاجَرَ هُوَ ع وَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ فِي مَسَائِلَ مِنَ الْفِقْهِ فَقَالَ ع يَا هَذَا إِنَّكَ لَوْ صِرْتَ إِلَى مَنَازِلِنَا لَأَرَيْنَاكَ آثَارَ جَبْرَئِيلَ فِي رِحَالِنَا أَ فَيَكُونُ أَحَدٌ أَعْلَمَ بِالسُّنَّةِ مِنَّا.
It is said that he-asws argued with one of the people regarding an issue of jurisprudence. He‑asws said: ‘O you! If you were to come to our-asws houses we-asws can show you impacts of Jibraeel‑as in our-asws belongings. Can anyone be more knowing with the Sunnah than us-asws?’’[3]
وَ قال ع [كَانَ] إِذَا صَلَّى تَبَرَّزَ إِلَى مَكَانٍ خَشِنٍ يَتَخَفَّى وَ يُصَلِّي فِيهِ وَ كَانَ كَثِيرَ الْبُكَاءِ
And whenever he-asws prayed Salat, he-asws would go to an open place to a coarse place. He‑asws would hide and pray Salat in it, and he-asws would be with a lot of crying.
قَالَ فَخَرَجَ يَوْماً فِي حَرٍّ شَدِيدٍ إِلَى الْجِبَالِ لِيُصَلِّيَ فِيهِ فَتَبِعَهُ مَوْلًى لَهُ وَ هُوَ سَاجِدٌ عَلَى الْحِجَارَةِ وَ هِيَ خَشِنَةٌ حَارَّةٌ وَ هُوَ يَبْكِي فَجَلَسَ مَوْلَاهُ حَتَّى فَرَغَ فَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَكَأَنَّهُ قَدْ غَمَسَ رَأْسَهُ وَ وَجْهَهُ فِي الْمَاءِ مِنْ كَثْرَةِ الدُّمُوعِ
He (the narrator) said, ‘He-asws went out one day in severe heat to the mountain in order to pray Salat in it. A slave of his-asws followed him-asws and he-asws was performing Sajdah upon the stones, and these were coarse, hot, and he-asws was crying. His-asws slave sat down until he-asws was free. He-asws raised his-asws head, so it was as if he-asws had immersed his-asws head and his‑asws face in the water due to the abundance of the tears.
فَقَالَ لَهُ مَوْلَاهُ يَا مَوْلَايَ أَ مَا آنَ لِحُزْنِكَ أَنْ يَنْقَضِيَ
His-asws slave said to him, ‘O my Master-asws! Is it not time for your-asws grief to terminate?’
فَقَالَ وَيْحَكَ إِنَّ يَعْقُوبَ نَبِيٌّ ابْنُ نَبِيٍّ كَانَ لَهُ اثْنَا عَشَرَ وَلَداً فَغُيِّبَ عَنْهُ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمْ فَبَكَى حَتَّى ذَهَبَ بَصَرُهُ وَ احْدَوْدَبَ ظَهْرُهُ وَ شَابَ رَأْسُهُ مِنَ الْغَمِّ وَ كَانَ ابْنُهُ حَيّاً يَرْجُو لِقَاءَهُ
He-asws said: ‘Woe be to you! Yaqoub-as was a Prophet-as, son-as of a Prophet-as. There were twelve sons for him. One of them disappeared from him-as so he-as cried until his sight was gone, and his back was arched, and his-as head was grey-haired from the sorrow, and (although) his-as son-as was alive, hoping to meet him-as (some day).
فَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُ أَبِي وَ أَخِي وَ أَعْمَامِي وَ بَنِي عَمِّي ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ مُقَتَّلِينَ صَرْعَى تَسْفِي عَلَيْهِمُ الرِّيحُ فَكَيْفَ يَنْقَضِي حُزْنِي وَ تَرْقَأُ عَبْرَتِي.
But I-asws saw my-asws father-asws, and my-asws brother-asws, and my-asws uncles-as, and sons-as of my-asws uncles, eighteen, having been killed, lying (on the ground). The winds were storming upon them. How can my-asws grief terminate, and my-asws tears dry up?’’[4]
The Month of Muharram:
حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْرُورٍ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ عَنْ عَمِّهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي مَحْمُودٍ قَالَ
It was narrated to us by Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Masrour, from Al Husayn Bin Muhammad Bin Aamir, from his uncle Abullah Bin Aamir, from Ibrahim Bin Abu Mahmoud who said,
قَالَ الرِّضَا ع إِنَّ الْمُحَرَّمَ شَهْرٌ كَانَ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يُحَرِّمُونَ فِيهِ الْقِتَالَ فَاسْتُحِلَّتْ فِيهِ دِمَاؤُنَا وَ هُتِكَ فِيهِ حُرْمَتُنَا وَ سُبِيَ فِيهِ ذَرَارِيُّنَا وَ نِسَاؤُنَا وَ أُضْرِمَتِ النِّيرَانُ فِي مَضَارِبِنَا وَ انْتُهِبَ مَا فِيهَا مِنْ ثَقَلِنَا
‘Al-Reza-asws said: ‘Al-Muharram is a month (which was even respected by) the people of the pre-Islamic period (who would be) prohibiting the fighting during it (Allah-azwj has also declared Al-Muharram as a scared month). But they (Muslims) permitted (the shedding of) our-asws blood during it, and tore apart our-asws sanctity during it, and made captives of our-asws children and our-asws womenfolk during it, and they inflamed the fires in our-asws tents, and they seized whatever was therein from our-asws belongings.
وَ لَمْ تُرْعَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ حُرْمَةٌ فِي أَمْرِنَا إِنَّ يَوْمَ الْحُسَيْنِ أَقْرَحَ جُفُونَنَا وَ أَسْبَلَ دُمُوعَنَا وَ أَذَلَّ عَزِيزَنَا بِأَرْضِ كَرْبٍ وَ بَلَاءٍ وَ أَوْرَثَتْنَا [يَا أَرْضَ كَرْبٍ وَ بَلَاءٍ أَوْرَثْتِنَا] الْكَرْبَ [وَ] الْبَلَاءَ إِلَى يَوْمِ الِانْقِضَاءِ
And they did not view a sanctity for Rasool-Allah-saww regarding our-asws (family) matters – so (during) the day of Al-Husayn-asws, our-asws eyes get ulcerated[5] (cry out blood), and our-asws tears flow, and our-asws dear ones got humiliated in the land of ‘Karb’ (distress) and ‘Bala’ (afflictions) (Karbala), and we-asws inherited, O land of distress and afflictions, you made us-asws inherit the distress and the afflictions up to the Day of Judgment.
فَعَلَى مِثْلِ الْحُسَيْنِ فَلْيَبْكِ الْبَاكُونَ فَإِنَّ الْبُكَاءَ يَحُطُّ الذُّنُوبَ الْعِظَامَ
So, upon the unprecedented (personality) of Al-Husayn-asws, let the wailing ones wail, for the wailing would reduce the sins of the bones (major sins)’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ ع كَانَ أَبِي ع إِذَا دَخَلَ شَهْرُ الْمُحَرَّمِ لَا يُرَى ضَاحِكاً وَ كَانَتِ الْكِئَابَةُ تَغْلِبُ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَمْضِيَ مِنْهُ عَشَرَةُ أَيَّامٍ فَإِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْعَاشِرِ كَانَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمُ يَوْمَ مُصِيبَتِهِ وَ حُزْنِهِ وَ بُكَائِهِ وَ يَقُولُ هُوَ الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي قُتِلَ فِيهِ الْحُسَيْنُ ع.
Then he-asws said: ‘It was so that my-asws father-asws, whenever the month of Al-Muharram entered, was not see smiling, and the gloom would overcome upon him-asws until ten days from it would pass by. So, when it was the tenth day, that was the day (of Ashura) – the day of his-asws difficulties, and his-asws grief, and his-asws wailing, and he-asws was saying: ‘It is the day in which Al-Husayn-asws was martyred’.[6]
وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ ثَوَابٌ إِلَّا الدَّمْعَةَ فِينَا.
It is narrated that:
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘There is a (known) reward for every act (of worship) except for shedding tears regarding us-asws.[7]
حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ عَنْ جَمَاعَةِ مَشَايِخِي عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ الْمُسْتَرِقِّ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: بَكَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ عَلَى أَبِيهِ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ص عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً أَوْ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً وَ مَا وُضِعَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ طعاما [طَعَامٌ] إِلَّا بَكَى عَلَى الْحُسَيْنِ حَتَّى قَالَ لَهُ مَوْلًى لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكَ أَنْ تَكُونَ مِنَ الْهَالِكِينَ قَالَ إِنَّما أَشْكُوا بَثِّي وَ حُزْنِي إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ أَعْلَمُ مِنَ اللَّهِ ما لا تَعْلَمُونَ إِنِّي لَمْ أَذْكُرْ مَصْرَعَ بَنِي فَاطِمَةَ إِلَّا خَنَقَتْنِي الْعَبْرَةُ لِذَلِكَ.
My father narrated to me from all of my scholars, from Saad ibn Abd Allah, from Mohammed ibn Hussain ibn Abil Khattab, from Abi Dawud Al-Mustariq, from some of our companions, who said:
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Ali-asws ibn Hussain-asws (Imam Sajjad-asws) cried over his-asws father-asws, Hussain-asws Ibn Ali-asws for twenty years – or forty years – and whenever food was brought to him-asws, he-asws would cry over Hussain-asws.
One day, his servant said to him, ‘May I sacrifice myself for you-asws, O son of Rasool Allah-asws! I am afraid that you-asws may die (from grief).
He (the Imam Sajjad-asws) replied: I only complain of my distress and grief to Allah, and I know from Allah what you do not know (12:86)[8]. Verily whenever I-asws remember the killing of the children of Syeda Fatimah-asws, I-asws am choked with tears over them-asws.[9]
حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُوسَى الْخَشَّابِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ ع.
It is narrated that:
Abu Abdullah-asws said:
Hussain-asws Ibn Ali-asws said:
أَنَا قَتِيلُ الْعَبْرَةِ لَا يَذْكُرُنِي مُؤْمِنٌ إِلَّا اسْتَعْبَرَ
I-asws am the Martyr of Tears. No Momin (believer) remembers me-asws without crying.[10]
Ashura Aamal (What to do on the 10th of Moharram)
حدثني حكيم بن داود بن حكيم و غيره عن محمد بن موسى الهمداني عن محمد بن خالد الطيالسي عن سيف بن عميرة و صالح بن عقبة جميعا عن علقمة بن محمد الحضرمي و محمد بن إسماعيل عن صالح بن عقبة عن مالك الجهني عن أبي جعفر الباقر ع قال من زار الحسين ع يوم عاشوراء من المحرم حتى يظل عنده باكيا لقي الله تعالى يوم القيامة بثواب ألفي ألف [ألف] حجة و ألفي [ألف] ألف عمرة و ألفي ألف غزوة و ثواب كل حجة و عمرة و غزوة كثواب من حج و اعتمر و غزا مع رسول الله ص و مع الأئمة الراشدين صلوات الله عليهم أجمعين
It has been narrated to me from Hakeem Bin Dawood Bin Hakeem, and someone else, from Muhammad Bin Musa Al Hamdany, from Muhammad Bin Khalid Al Tayalisi, from Sayf Bin Umeyra and Salih Bin Uqba together, from Alqama Bin Muhammad Al Hazramy and Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Salih Bin Uqba, from Maalik Al Jahny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far Al-Baqir-asws having said: ‘The one who performs the visitation (Ziyaarat) of Al-Husayn-asws on the tenth Day of Muharram (Ashura) and remain with him-asws in tears, would meet Allah-azwj the High on the Day of Judgement with the Rewards of two million Hajj, and two million Umra, and two million military expeditions, and the Reward of every Hajj, and Umra, and military expedition being like the one who performed the Hajj, and the Umra, and the military expedition along with Rasool-Allah-saww and with the Rightly Guided Imams-asws’.
قال قلت جعلت فداك فما لمن كان في بعد البلاد و أقاصيها و لم يمكنه المصير [المسير] إليه في ذلك اليوم قال إذا كان ذلك اليوم برز إلى الصحراء أو صعد سطحا مرتفعا في داره و أومأ إليه بالسلام و اجتهد على قاتله بالدعاء و صلى بعده ركعتين يفعل ذلك في صدر النهار قبل الزوال
(The narrator) said: ‘I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! So what is for the one who was in the distant cities and far places and it is not possible for him to travel to him-asws during that day?’ He-asws said: ‘If it was that day, he should go to the desert or ascend to a high place in his house, and gesture towards him-asws with the greetings, and strive against his-asws killers with the supplication, and Pray two Cycles after it, doing that during the forenoon before the mid-day’.
ثم ليندب الحسين ع و يبكيه و يأمر من في داره بالبكاء عليه و يقيم في داره مصيبته بإظهار الجزع عليه و يتلاقون بالبكاء بعضهم بعضا في البيوت و ليعز بعضهم بعضا بمصاب الحسين ع فأنا ضامن لهم إذا فعلوا ذلك على الله عز و جل جميع هذا الثواب
Then mourn Al-Husayn-asws and weep over him-asws, and order the ones in his house for the weeping over him-asws, and establish in his house, his-asws difficulties by manifesting the anxiety over him-asws, and meet each other with the weeping in the houses strengthening each other with the calamities (which befell) Al-Husayn-asws, so, I-asws would be a guarantor for them, if they were to do that, to Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, for all these Rewards’.
فقلت جعلت فداك و أنت الضامن لهم إذا فعلوا ذلك و الزعيم به قال أنا الضامن لهم ذلك و الزعيم لمن فعل ذلك قال قلت فكيف يعزي بعضهم بعضا قال يقولون عظم الله أجورنا بمصابنا بالحسين ع و جعلنا و إياكم من الطالبين بثأره مع وليه الإمام المهدي من آل محمد ص
So I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! And you-asws would be the guarantor for them, if they were to do that, and the leader by it?’ He-asws said: ‘I-asws am the guarantor of that for them, and the leader for the one who does that’. I said, ‘How should they strengthen each other?’ He-asws said: ‘They should be saying, ‘May Allah-azwj Magnify our Recompense by (our grieving over the) difficulties of Al-Husayn-asws, and Make us and you all to be from the seekers of his-asws revenge along with his-asws Guardian, the Imam Al-Mahdi-ajfj from the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww’.[11]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ فِي الْمِصْبَاحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ بَزِيعٍ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ لَهُ ثَوَابَ زِيَارَةِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع فِي يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ فَقَالَ لَهُ فَمَا لِمَنْ كَانَ فِي بَعِيدِ الْبِلَادِ وَ أَقَاصِيهِ وَ لَمْ يُمْكِنْهُ الْمَصِيرُ إِلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ فَقَالَ إِذَا كَانَ كَذَلِكَ بَرَزَ إِلَى الصَّحْرَاءِ أَوْ صَعِدَ سَطْحاً مُرْتَفِعاً وَ أَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِ بِالسَّلَامِ وَ اجْتَهَدَ فِي الدُّعَاءِ عَلَى قَاتِلِهِ وَ صَلَّى مِنْ بُعْدٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ لْيَكُنْ ذَلِكَ فِي صَدْرِ النَّهَارِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَزُولَ الشَّمْسُ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ زِيَارَةً طَوِيلَةً ثُمَّ قَالَ وَ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ أَنْ تَزُورَهُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مِنْ دَارِكَ بِهَذِهِ الزِّيَارَةِ فَافْعَلْ
Muhammad Bin Al Hassan in ‘Al Misbaah’, from Muhammad Bin Ismail Bin Bazi’e, from Salih Bin Uqba, from Alqamah,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws. He-asws mentioned the Rewards of the visitation (Ziyaarat) of Al-Husayn-asws during the day of Ashura, so it said to him-asws, ‘So what is for the one who was in the distant cities and far places and it is not possible for him to travel to him-asws during that day?’ So he-asws said: ‘When it is like that, he should go to the desert, or ascend to a high place, and gesture towards him-asws with the greetings, and strive regarding the supplication against his-asws killers, and Pray two Cycles after it. And this is to be done in the forenoon before the declining of the sun’. Then he-asws mentioned a lengthy Ziyaarat, then said: ‘And if you have the ability that you can visit every day from your house with this Ziyaarat, so do it’.[12]
الشَّيْخُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمَشْهَدِيِّ فِي مَزَارِهِ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي الشَّيْخُ الْفَقِيهُ الْعَالِمُ عِمَادُ الدِّينِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ الطَّبَرِيُّ قِرَاءَةً عَلَيْهِ وَ أَنَا أَسْمَعُ فِي شُهُورِ سَنَةِ ثَلَاثٍ وَ خَمْسِينَ وَ خَمْسِمِائَةٍ بِمَشْهَدِ مَوْلَانَا أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ص عَنِ الشَّيْخِ الْفَقِيهِ أَبِي عَلِيٍّ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ وَالِدِهِ الشَّيْخِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ الشَّيْخِ الْمُفِيدِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ عَنِ ابْنِ قُولَوَيْهِ وَ أَبِي جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بَابَوَيْهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ الْكُلَيْنِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ دَخَلْتُ عَلَى سَيِّدِي أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَأَلْفَيْتُهُ كَاسِفَ اللَّوْنِ ظَاهِرَ الْحُزْنِ وَ دُمُوعُهُ تَنْحَدِرُ مِنْ عَيْنَيْهِ كَاللُّؤْلُؤِ الْمُتَسَاقِطِ فَقُلْتُ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ مِمَّ بُكَاؤُكَ لَا أَبْكَى اللَّهُ عَيْنَيْكَ فَقَالَ لِي أَ وَ فِي غَفْلَةٍ أَنْتَ أَ وَ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ الْحُسَيْنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ ع قُتِلَ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا الْيَوْمِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ ع يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سِنَانٍ إِنَّ أَفْضَلَ مَا تَأْتِي بِهِ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا الْيَوْمِ أَنْ تَعْمِدَ إِلَى ثِيَابٍ طَاهِرَةٍ فَتَلْبَسَهَا وَ تَتَسَلَّبَ قُلْتُ وَ مَا التَّسَلُّبُ
Al Sheykh Muhammad Bin Al Mash’hady in his sanctuary sstaid, ‘Al Sheykh Al ‘Aalim Imaad Al Deen’ Muhammad Bin Abu Al Qasim Al Tabary narrated to me, it was recited to him and I heard, in the months of the year five hundred and fifty three in the sight of our Master Amir Al Mumineen -asws, from Al Sheykh ‘Al Faqeeh’ Abu Ali Al Hassan Bin Muhammad, from his father Al Sheykh Abu Ja’far, from Al Sheykh Al Mufeed Abu Abdullah Muhammad Bin Muhammad Bin Al Nu’man, from Ibn Qawlawayh, and Abu Ja’far Bin Babuwayh, from Muhammad Bin Yaqoub Al Kulayni, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Abdullah Bin Sinan who said,
‘I came up to my Master-asws Abu Abdullah Ja’far Bin Muhammad-asws on the day of Ashura and found him-asws to be gloomy, the grief being apparent from him-asws, and his-asws tears were rolling down his-asws cheeks like pearls dropping off. So I said, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! From what makes you-asws weep, may Allah-azwj not Make your-asws eyes to weep’. So he-asws said to me: ‘Or are you in oblivion, or do you not know that Al-Husayn-asws Bin Ali-asws was killed on a day like this! – until he-asws said: ‘O Abdullah Bin Sinan! The best of what you can come up with on a day like this is that you should resort to wearing pure garments and (performs) ‘Al Tasallab’. So I said, ‘And what is ‘Tasallab’.
قَالَ تُحَلِّلُ أَزْرَارَكَ وَ تَكْشِفُ عَنْ ذِرَاعَيْكَ كَهَيْئَةِ أَصْحَابِ الْمَصَائِبِ ثُمَّ تَخْرُجُ إِلَى أَرْضٍ مُقْفِرَةٍ أَوْ مَكَانٍ لَا يَرَاكَ أَحَدٌ أَوْ تَعْمِدَ إِلَى أَرْضٍ خَالِيَةٍ أَوْ فِي خَلْوَةٍ مُنْذُ حِينِ يَرْتَفِعُ النَّهَارُ فَتُصَلِّيَ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ تُحْسِنُ رُكُوعَهُنَّ وَ سُجُودَهُنَّ وَ تُسَلِّمُ بَيْنَ كُلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ تَقْرَأُ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأُولَى سُورَةَ الْحَمْدِ وَ قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ وَ فِي الثَّانِيَةِ الْحَمْدَ وَ قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ ثُمَّ تُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ أُخْرَيَيْنِ تَقْرَأُ فِي الْأُولَى الْحَمْدَ وَ سُورَةَ الْأَحْزَابِ وَ فِي الثَّانِيَةِ الْحَمْدَ وَ إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ أَوْ مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ ثُمَّ تُسَلِّمُ وَ تُحَوِّلُ وَجْهَكَ نَحْوَ قَبْرِ الْحُسَيْنِ ص وَ مَضْجَعِهِ فَتُمَثِّلُ لِنَفْسِكَ مَصْرَعَهُ وَ مَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ مِنْ وُلْدِهِ وَ أَهْلِهِ وَ تُسَلِّمُ وَ تُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِ وَ تَلْعَنُ قَاتِلَهُ وَ تَتَبَرَّأُ مِنْ أَفْعَالِهِمْ يَرْفَعُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَكَ بِذَلِكَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ مِنَ الدَّرَجَاتِ وَ يَحُطُّ عَنْكَ السَّيِّئَاتِ
He-asws said: ‘Open your buttons, and uncover your arms, as if you are the one in the calamities. Then you should go out to a desolate land, or a place where no one can see you, or resort to an empty land or in privacy, from when the day rises. So you should recite four Cycles, performing the best bowings and the Prostrations, and greetings between each of the two Cycles. Recite in the first Cycle Surah Al Hamd and Al Kafiroun. And in the second Cycle, Al Hamd and Al Ikhlaas. Then Pray two Cycles at the end recitingin the first Al Hamd and Surah Al Ahzaab, and in the second, Al Hamd and Al Munafiqoun, or whatever is easy (for you) from the Quran, then greetings and turn around your face towards around the grave of Al Husayn-asws and its sleeping place. So you should think of yourself as having been killed along with the ones who were with him-asws from his-asws sons-asws and his-asws family. And you should send greetings, and Pray to him-asws, and curse his-asws killers, and disavow from their deeds. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic would Raise for you, by that, Levels in the Paradise and Devalue your sins.
ثُمَّ تَسْعَى مِنَ الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي أَنْتَ فِيهِ إِنْ كَانَ صَحْرَاءَ أَوْ فَضَاءً وَ أَيَّ شَيْءٍ كَانَ خُطُوَاتٍ تَقُولُ إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَ إِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ وَ سَاقَ الدُّعَاءَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ ع فَإِنَّ هَذَا أَفْضَلُ مِنْ كَذَا وَ كَذَا حَجَّةً وَ كَذَا وَ كَذَا عُمْرَةً تَتَطَوَّعُهَا وَ تُنْفِقُ فِيهَا مَالَكَ وَ تُتْعِبُ فِيهَا بَدَنَكَ وَ تُفَارِقُ فِيهَا أَهْلَكَ وَ وَلَدَكَ وَ اعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يُعْطِي مَنْ صَلَّى هَذِهِ الصَّلَاةَ فِي هَذَا الْيَوْمِ وَ دَعَا بِهَذَا الدُّعَاءِ مُخْلِصاً وَ عَمِلَ هَذَا الْعَمَلَ مُوقِناً مُصَدِّقاً عَشْرَ خِصَالٍ مِنْهَا أَنْ يَقِيَهُ اللَّهُ مِيتَةَ السَّوْءِ وَ يُؤْمِنَهُ مِنَ الْمَكَارِهِ وَ الْفَقْرِ وَ لَا يُظْهِرَ عَلَيْهِ عَدُوّاً إِلَى أَنْ يَمُوتَ وَ يَقِيَهُ مِنَ الْجُنُونِ وَ الْبَرَصِ فِي نَفْسِهِ وَ وُلْدِهِ إِلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَعْقَابٍ لَهُ وَ لَا يَجْعَلَ لِلشَّيْطَانِ وَ لَا لِأَوْلِيَائِهِ عَلَيْهِ وَ لَا عَلَى نَسْلِهِ إِلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَعْقَابٍ سَبِيلًا
Then walk briskly from the place in which you are in, if it was the desert or any place you may be in, saying, ‘We are from Allah-azwj and to Him-azwj we are returning’, and supplicate’ – until he-asws said: ‘This is better that such and such a Hajj, and such and such an Umrah, and your wealth is spent in these, and your body gets tired, and you are separated in these from your family and your children. And know that Allah-azwj the High would Give to the one who Prays this Prayer, in this day, and supplicates with this supplication sincerely, and performs this deeds with conviction and sincerity, ten qualities from it – Allah-azwj would Shield him from the evil death, and Secure him from the plots, and the poverty, and not manifest an enemy against him until he dies, and Shield him from the insanity, and the leprosy, with regards to himself and his children, nor Make any way for the Satans-la and his-la friends, nor against any of his-asws offspring any of the four ways’.
قَالَ ابْنُ سِنَانٍ فَانْصَرَفْتُ وَ أَنَا أَقُولُ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي مَنَّ عَلَيَّ بِمَعْرِفَتِكُمْ وَ حُبِّكُمْ وَ أَسْأَلُهُ الْمَعُونَةَ عَلَى الْمُفْتَرَضِ مِنْ طَاعَتِكُمْ
Ibn Sinan said, ‘I left and I was saying, ‘The Praise is due to Allah-azwj who has Bestowed upon me your-asws recognition, and your-asws love, and I ask Him-azwj for the Assistance on the Obligation of being obedient to you-asws’.[13]
الْمَزَارُ الْقَدِيمُ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْبَاقِرِ ع قَالَ مَنْ أَرَادَ زِيَارَةَ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَ هُوَ الْيَوْمُ الْعَاشِرُ مِنَ الْمُحَرَّمِ فَيَظَلُّ فِيهِ بَاكِياً مُتَفَجِّعاً حَزِيناً لَقِيَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِثَوَابِ أَلْفَيْ حَجَّةٍ وَ أَلْفَيْ عُمْرَةٍ وَ أَلْفَيْ غَزْوَةٍ ثَوَابُ كُلُّ حَجَّةٍ وَ عُمْرَةٍ وَ غَزْوَةٍ كَثَوَابِ مَنْ حَجَّ وَ اعْتَمَرَ وَ غَزَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ مَعَ الْأَئِمَّةِ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ أَجْمَعِينَ
At the old sanctuary, from Alqama Bin Muhammad Al Hazramy,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far Al-Baqir-asws having said: ‘The one who intends the Ziyaarat of Al-Husayn-asws Bin Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws on the day of Ashura, and it is the tenth day of Muharram, should weep with lamentations in grief, and would meet Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic with the Reward of two thousand Hajj, and two thousand Umra, and two thousand military expeditions, the Rewards of each Hajj, and Umra, and military expedition being the like Rewards of the one who performed Hajj, and Umra, and participated in the military expedition along with Rasool-Allah-saww and the Imams-asws’.
قَالَ عَلْقَمَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فَمَا يَصْنَعُ مَنْ كَانَ فِي بُعْدِ الْبِلَادِ وَ أَقَاصِيهَا وَ لَمْ يُمْكِنْهُ الْمَصِيرُ إِلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ قَالَ إِذَا كَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ يَعْنِي يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَلْيَغْتَسِلْ مَنْ أَحَبَّ مِنَ النَّاسِ أَنْ يَزُورَهُ مِنْ أَقَاصِي الْبِلَادِ أَوْ قَرِيبِهَا فَلْيَبْرُزْ إِلَى الصَّحْرَاءِ أَوْ يَصْعَدُ سَطْحَ دَارِهِ فَلْيُصَلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ خَفِيفَتَيْنِ يَقْرَأُ فِيهِمَا سُورَةَ الْإِخْلَاصِ فَإِذَا سَلَّمَ أَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِ بِالسَّلَامِ وَ يَقْصِدُ إِلَيْهِ بِتَسْلِيمِهِ وَ إِشَارَتِهِ وَ نِيَّتِهِ إِلَى الْجِهَةِ الَّتِي فِيهَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحُسَيْنِ ص
Alqama Bin Muhammad Al-Hazramy said, ‘I said to Abu Ja’far-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! So what should the one do who was in the remote cities and places far away from it, and the travel is not possible for him during that day?’ He-asws said: ‘When it is that day, meaning the day of Ashura, so he should bathe himself. The one from the people is one loves to perform Ziyaarat from the far away cities or its vicinities, so he should go to the desert or ascend to the high place of his house. He should Pray two Cycles, reciting in it Surah Al-Ikhlaas. So when he has greeted (completed the Prayer) he should gesture towards him-asws with the greetings and tries to be with him by his submission, and his gestures, and his intention towards the place in which is Abu Abdullah Al-Husayn-asws.
ثُمَّ تَقُولُ وَ أَنْتَ خَاشِعٌ مُسْتَكِينٌ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا ابْنَ الْبَشِيرِ النَّذِيرِ وَ سَاقَ زِيَارَةً تُشْبِهُ الزِّيَارَةَ الْمَعْرُوفَةَ فِي غَالِبِ الْفِقَرَاتِ وَ لَيْسَ فِيهَا الْفَصْلَانِ اللَّذَانِ فِي اللَّعْنِ وَ السَّلَامِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ قَالَ عَلْقَمَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ يَا عَلْقَمَةُ أَنْ تَزُورَهُ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِهَذِهِ الزِّيَارَةِ فِي دَارِكَ وَ نَاحِيَتِكَ وَ حَيْثُ كُنْتَ مِنَ الْبِلَادِ فِي أَرْضِ اللَّهِ فَافْعَلْ ذَلِكَ وَ لَكَ ثَوَابُ جَمِيعِ ذَلِكَ فَاجْتَهِدُوا فِي الدُّعَاءِ عَلَى قَاتِلِهِ وَ عَدُوِّهِ وَ يَكُونُ فِي صَدْرِ النَّهَارِ قَبْلَ الزَّوَالِ
Then you should be saying whilst being in humbleness and servility, ‘Peace be upon you-asws, O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! Peace be upon you-asws, O son-asws of the Giver of Good News and the Warner!’ – And perform the Ziyaarat similar to the well-known Ziyaarat in most paragraphs, and there is not in it the detail of the curses and the greetings’ – until he said, ‘And Alqama Bin Muhammad Al-Hazramy said, from Abu Ja’far-asws: ‘If it is according to your ability, O Alqama that you should perform Ziyaarat every day with this Ziyaarat in your house, and your area, and wherever you may be in the cities in the land of Allah-azwj, so you should do that, and for you would be the Rewards of all that. Strive in the supplication against his-asws killers, and his-asws enemies, and do it in the forenoon before the declining of the sun’.[14]
وَ فِي الْعِلَلِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْقَزْوِينِيِّ عَنِ الْمُظَفَّرِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْقَزْوِينِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْأَسَدِيِّ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْهَاشِمِيِّ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ صَارَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمَ مُصِيبَةٍ وَ غَمٍّ وَ حُزْنٍ وَ بُكَاءٍ دُونَ الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي قُبِضَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي مَاتَتْ فِيهِ فَاطِمَةُ وَ الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي قُتِلَ فِيهِ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع وَ الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي قُتِلَ فِيهِ الْحَسَنُ بِالسَّمِّ
And in ‘Al Illal’, from Muhammad Bin Ali Al Qazminy, from Al Muzaffar Bin Ahmad Al Qazminy, from Muhammad Bin Ja’far Al Asady, from Sahl Bin ZIyad, from Suleyman Bin Abdullah, from Abdullah Bin Al Fazl Al Hashimy who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! How did the day of Ashura become the day of calamity, and sadness, and grief, and weeping apart from the in which Rasool-Allah-saww passed away, and the day in which (Syeda) Fatima-asws passed away, and the day in which Amir Al-Momineen-asws was killed, and the day in which Al-Hassan-asws was murdered by the poison’.
فَقَالَ إِنَّ يَوْمَ الْحُسَيْنِ أَعْظَمُ مُصِيبَةً مِنْ جَمِيعِ سَائِرِ الْأَيَّامِ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ أَصْحَابَ الْكِسَاءِ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا أَكْرَمَ الْخَلْقِ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ كَانُوا خَمْسَةً فَلَمَّا مَضَى عَنْهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ص بَقِيَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ فَاطِمَةُ وَ الْحَسَنُ وَ الْحُسَيْنُ فَكَانَ فِيهِمْ لِلنَّاسِ عَزَاءٌ وَ سَلْوَةٌ فَلَمَّا مَضَتْ فَاطِمَةُ كَانَ فِي أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ لِلنَّاسِ عَزَاءٌ وَ سَلْوَةٌ
So he-asws said: ‘The day of Al-Husayn-asws is of the greatest calamity from all the days and that is that the Companions of the Cloak were the ones of the most prestigious of the creatures to Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and were five. So when the Prophet-saww passed away, there remained Amir Al-Momineen-asws, and Syeda Fatima-asws, and Al-Hassan-asws, and Al-Husayn-asws. so they-asws were among the people as a solace and comfort for them. So, when (Syeda) Fatima-asws passed away, there was among them Amir Al-Momineen-asws, and Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws for the people as a solace and comfort for them.
فَلَمَّا مَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع كَانَ لِلنَّاسِ فِي الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ عَزَاءٌ وَ سَلْوَةٌ فَلَمَّا مَضَى الْحَسَنُ كَانَ لِلنَّاسِ فِي الْحُسَيْنِ عَزَاءٌ وَ سَلْوَةٌ فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ الْحُسَيْنُ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَقِيَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْكِسَاءِ أَحَدٌ لِلنَّاسِ فِيهِ بَعْدَهُ عَزَاءٌ وَ سَلْوَةٌ فَكَانَ ذَهَابُهُ كَذَهَابِ جَمِيعِهِمْ كَمَا كَانَ بَقَاؤُهُ كَبَقَاءِ جَمِيعِهِمْ فَلِذَلِكَ صَارَ يَوْمُهُ أَعْظَمَ الْأَيَّامِ مُصِيبَةً
So when Amir Al-Momineen-asws passed away, there were among them Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws as a solace and comfort for them. So when Al-Hassan-asws passed away, there was Al-Husayn-asws for the people as a solace and comfort for them. So, when Al-Husayn-asws was killed, there were not any from the Companions of the Cloak for the people after him-asws as a solace and comfort. So, his-asws going away was like the going away of all of them-asws, just as his-asws remaining was like the remaining of all of them-asws. So, it is for that (reason) that his-asws day is the day of the greatest calamity’.[15]
Salat on Day of Ashura:
محمد بن الحسن في (المصباح): عن عبد الله بن سنان،
Muhammad Bin Al Hassan in (the book) Al Misbah, from Abdullah Bin Sinan,
عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام) – في حديث – قال: أفضل ما يأتي به في هذا اليوم يعني يوم عاشورا أن تعمد إلى ثياب طاهرة فتلبسها وتتسلب، قلت: وما التسلب ؟
From Abu Abdullah-asws – in a Hadeeth – said: ‘The most superior of you can come with during this day, meaning the day of Ashoura is that you deliberate to clean clothes, so you wear these and you should be in mourning’. I said, ‘And what is being in mourning?’
قال تحلل أزرارك وتكشف عن ذراعيك كهيئة أصحاب المصائب، ثم تخرج إلى أرض مقفرة، أو مكان لا يراك به أحد، أو تعمد إلىمنزل لك خال، أو في خلوة، منذ حين يرتفع النهار، فتصلي أربع ركعات تحسن ركوعها وسجودها وخشوعها، وتسلم بين كل ركعتين،
He-asws said: ‘You loosen your (shirt) buttons and uncover from your forearms just like the ones bereaved. Then you go out to a desolate land, or a place where no one can see you, or you deliberate to a house which is empty, or in isolation, as soon as the day rises. So you pray four Rakats Salat, performing well its Rukus and its Sujouds, and its modesty, and you greet (Salam) between every two Rakats.
تقرأ في الاولى الحمد وقل (يا أيها الكافرون)، وفي الثانية الحمد و (قل هو الله أحد)، ثم تصلي ركعتين اخراوين تقرأ في الاولى الحمد وسورة الاحزاب، وفي الثانية الحمد وإذا جاءك المنافقون أو ما تيسر من القرآن،
You should recite in the first Rakat (Surah) Al-Hamd (Chapter 1), and Say: ‘O you Kafirs! [109] (Chater 109); and in the second (Rakat), Say: ‘He Allah is One [112] (Chapter 112). Then you should pray two other Rakats reciting in the first, (Surah) Al-Hamd (Chapter 1) and Surah Al-Ahzaab (Chapter 33), and in the second (Rakat), (Surah) Al-Hamd (Chapter 1) and When the hypocrites come to you [63:1] (Chapter 63) or whatever is easy from the Quran.
ثم تسلم وتحول وجهك نحو قبر الحسين (عليه السلام) ومضجعه، فتمثل لنفسك مصرعه ومن كان معه من أهله وولده، وتسلم عليه وتصلي وتلعن قاتله وتبرأ من أفعالهم يرفع الله لك بذلك في الجنة من الدرجات ويحط عنك من السيئات، ثم ذكر دعاء يدعى به بعد ذلك،
Then you should greet (Salam) and turn your face towards the grave of Al-Husayn-asws and his-asws resting place. Then resemble for yourself his-asws demise and of the ones who were with him-asws from his-asws family and his-asws children, and greet upon him-asws and send Salawat, and curse his-asws killers and disavow from their deeds. Allah-azwj would Raise for you, due to that, levels in the Paradise, and Delete the evil deeds from you. Then mention a supplication you supplicate with after that.
ثم قال: فان هذا أفضل يابن سنان من كذا وكذا حجة وكذا وكذا عمرة تطوعها، وتنفق فيها مالك، وتنصب فيها بدنك، وتفارق فيها أهلك وولدك،
Then he-asws said: ‘So this is the most superior, O Ibn Sinan, than such and such (number of) Hajj, and such and such (number of) voluntary Umrah, and your spending wealth during it, and exerting your body during it, and separating during it from your family and your children.
واعلم أن الله يعطي من صلى هذه الصلاة في هذا اليوم ودعا بهذا الدعاء مخلصا وعمل هذا العمل موقنا مصدقا عشر خصال،: منها أن يقيه الله ميتة السوء، ويؤمنه من المكاره والفقر، ولا يظهر عليه عدوا إلى أن يموت، ويوقيه الله من الجنون والجذام والبرص في نفسه وولده إلى أربعة أعقاب له، ولا يجعل للسلطان ولا لاوليائه عليه ولا على نسله إلى أربعة أعقاب سبيلا.
And know that Allah-azwj would Give the one who prays this Salat, during this day, and supplicates with this supplication sincerely, and does this deed with certainty, would be confirmed ten characteristics – from it is that Allah-azwj would Save him from evil death, and Secure him from the abhorrence and the poverty. An enemy would not be victorious upon him until when he dies, and Allah-azwj would Save him from the insanity. The leprosy and the vitiligo in himself, and his children up to four generations of his, and would not Make a way for the ruling authority upon him, nor upon his friends, nor upon his offspring, up to four generations’. [16]
‘No’ Fasting on Ashura and Arafa:
محمد بن يحيى، عن محمد بن الحسين، عن صفوان بن يحيى ; وعلي بن الحكم، عن العلاء بن رزين، عن محمد بن مسلم، عن أحدهما عليهما السلام أنه سئل عن صوم يوم عرفة فقال: [ أ ] ما أصومه اليوم وهو يوم دعاء ومسألة.
I enquired from asked from Imam-asws, regarding fasting on the day of ‘Arafa’. Imam-asws replied, I do not fast on that day as it is the day for supplications and asking for blessings.[17]
محمد بن يحيى، عن أحمد بن محمد، عن ابن فضال، عن ثعلبة بن ميمون، عن محمد بن مسلم قال: سمعت أبا جعفر (عليه السلام) يقول: إن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله لم يصم يوم عرفة منذ نزل صيام شهر رمضان.
Imam Mohammed Baqir-asws said: ‘Rasool Allah-saww did not fast on Arafa since fasting during the month of Ramazan was made obligatory.[18]
علي بن إبراهيم، عن أبيه، عن نوح بشعيب النيسابوري، عن ياسين الضرير، عن حريز، عن زرارة، عن أبي جعفر وأبي عبد الله (عليهما السلام) قالا: لا تصم في يوم عاشورا ولا عرفة بمكة ولا في المدينة ولا في وطنك ولا في مصر من الامصار.
Imam Mohammed Baqir-asws and Imam Abi Abdullah-asws both said: Don’t fast on the day of Arafa and Ashura, neither in Mecca and Medina, nor in your country and in any other city.[19]
الحسن بن علي الهاشمي، عن محمد بن موسى، عن يعقوب بن يزيد، عن الحسن بن علي الوشاء قال: حدثني نجبة بن الحارث العطار قال: سألت أبا جعفر (عليه السلام) عن صوم يوم عاشورا، فقال: صوم متروك بنزول شهر رمضان والمتروك بدعة، قال نجبة فسألت أبا عبد الله (عليه السلام) من بعد أبيه (عليه السلام) عن ذلك فأجابني بمثل جواب أبيه، ثم قال: أما إنه صوم يوم ما نزل به كتاب ولا جرت به سنة إلا سنة آل زياد بقتل الحسين بن علي صلوات الله عليهما.
I asked about ‘Soam-e-Ashor’ from Imam Mohammed Baqir-asws. Imam-asws replied: This fast was abandoned after mandatory fasting in the month of Ramazan and it is an innovation to resurrect that what has been discarded. I asked the same question from Imam Aba Abdullah-asws and received the identical answer, but Imam-asws also added, there are no words on this fast in Quran, nothing in hadith of Rasool Allah-saww. This fast is the tradition of Allay Ziad-la.[20]
وعنه، عن محمد بن الحسين، عن محمد بن سنان، عن أبان، عن عبد الملك قال: سألت أبا عبد الله (عليه السلام) عن صوم تاسوعا وعاشورا من شهر المحرم فقال: تاسوعا يوم حوصر فيه الحسين (عليه السلام) وأصحابه رضي الله عنهم بكربلا واجتمع عليه خيل أهل الشام وأناخوا عليه وفرح ابن مرجانة وعمر بن سعد بتوافر الخيل وكثرتها واستضعفوا فيه الحسين صلوات الله عليه وأصحابه رضي الله عنهم وأيقنوا أن لا يأتي الحسين (عليه السلام) ناصرولا يمده أهل العراق – بابي المستضعف الغريب – ثم قال: وأما يوم عاشورا فيوم أصيب فيه الحسين (عليه السلام) صريعا بين أصحابه وأصحابه صرعى حوله [ عراة ] أفصوم يكون في ذلك اليوم؟! كلا ورب البيت الحرام ما هو يوم صوم وما هو إلا يوم حزن ومصيبة دخلت على أهل السماء وأهل الارض وجميع المؤمنين ويوم فرح وسرور لابن مرجانة وآل زياد وأهل الشام غضب الله عليهم وعلى ذرياتهم وذلك يوم بكت عليه جميع بقاع الارض خلا بقعة الشام، فمن صامه أو تبرك به حشره الله مع آل زياد ممسوخ القلب مسخوط عليه ومن ادخر إلى منزله ذخيرة أعقبه الله تعالى نفاقا في قلبه إلى يوم يلقاه وانتزع البركة عنه وعن أهل بيته وولده وشاركه الشيطان في جميع ذلك.
I asked about the ‘Soam’ on the 9th and 10th of Moharram from Imam Aba Abdullah-asws. Imam-asws replied, Syrian army, on the planes of Karbala, rejoiced on the 9th, after forming and moving forward to surround Imam Huassin-asws and his-asws companions. Ibn Ziad-la reinforced his army and proudly looked at the endless rows of his soldiers which had outnumbered few companions of Imam Hussain-asws, he was convinced no one will come forward to join Imam Hussain-asws’s camp and people of Iraq will consider him-asws weak and will not dare to protect Imam-asws against his huge build-up. Ashora (10th) was that day when Imam Hussain-asws along with companions were lying on the sand of Karbala, with heads removed from their bodies. Is it appropriate to fast on that day? Surely not. By the Lord of Kabah! It is not a fasting day, it’s the day of sadness and moaning. All momaneen, on the earth and in the heavens should be grieving on this day. This was a day of joy for the people of Syria, decedents of Marjana and Ibn Ziad-la. Allah-azwj admonished them on this day; this is the day when all parts of the world cried expect the Syrian segment. Allah-azwj will resurrect him with ‘dead’ heart and punish him severely whoever would fast on this day for the purpose of seeking blessings. Allah-azwj will Take back His-azwj blessings and implant disbelief in his heart, to remain there, until the final day, whoever would indulge in acquiring and piling worldly goods, not only for him but also for his family and relatives. And Iblis-la will have share in their deeds and activities.[21]
An additional Hadith:
و عن محمد بن إسحاق قال حاصر رسول الله ص أهل الطائف ثلاثين ليلة أو قريبا من ذلك ثم انصرف عنهم و لم يؤذن فيهم فجاءه وفده في شهر رمضان فأسلموا.
And from Muhammad Bin Is’haq who said, ‘Rasool-Allah-saww besieged the people of Al-Taif for thirty nights or near from that, then he-saww left from them and did not permit regarding them. Then its delegate came to him-saww during the Month of Ramazan and they became Muslims.
ثم رجع رسول الله إلى الجعرانة بمن معه من الناس و قسم بها ما أصاب من الغنائم يوم حنين في المؤلفة قلوبهم من قريش و من سائر العرب و لم يكن في الأنصار منها شيء قليل و لا كثير قيل إنه جعل للأنصار شيئا يسيرا و أعطى الجمهور للمتألفين.
Then Rasool-Allah-saww returned to Al-Ja’rana with the ones with him-asws from the people, and distributed at it what he-saww had attained from the booty on the day of Hunayn in inclining their hearts from Quraysh and from the rest of the Arabs, and there did not happen to be anything for the Helpers from it, neither little nor more. It is said he-saww made something little to be for the Helpers and gave to the crowd for inclining them’.
قال محمد بن إسحاق و أعطى أبا سفيان بن حرب مائة بعير و معاوية ابنه مائة بعير و حكيم بن حزام من بني أسد بن عبد العزى مائة بعير و أعطى النضر بن الحارث بن كلدة مائة بعير و أعطى العلاء بن حارثة الثقفي حليف بني وهدة مائة بعير و أعطى الحارث بن هشام من بني مخزوم مائة
Muhammad Bin Is’haq said, ‘And he-saww gave Abu Sufyan Bin Harb one hundred camels, to his son Muawiya one hundred camels, and hakeem Bin Hazam from the clan of Asad Bin Abdul Uzza one hundred camels, and gave Al-Nazar Bin Al-Haris Bin Kaladah one hundred camels, and gave Al-A’ala Bin Haris Al-Saqafi, an ally of the clan of Wahda one hundred camels, and gave Al-Haris Bin Hisham from the clan of Makhzum one hundred (camels).
و جبير بن مطعم من بني نوفل بن عبد مناف مائة و مالك بن عوف النصري مائة فهؤلاء أصحاب المائة و قيل إنه أعطى علقمة بن علاثة مائة و الأقرع بن حابس مائة و عيينة بن حصن مائة و أعطى العباس بن مرداس أربعا فتسخطها و أنشأ يقول
| أ تجعل نهبي و نهب العبيد | بين عيينة و الأقرع | |
| فما كان حصن و لا حابس | يفوقان مرداس في مجمع | |
| و ما كنت دون امرئ منهما | و من تضع اليوم لا يرفع | |
| و قد كنت في الحرب ذا تدرأ | فلم أعط شيئا و لم أمنع. |
And to Jubeyr Bin Mat’am from the clan of Nowfal Bin Abd Manaf one hundred (camels), and to Malik Bin Awf Al-Nasry one hundred (camels). They are the companions of the hundred (camels), and it is said he-saww gave Alqamah Bin Alata one hundred (camels), and Al-Aqra Bin Habis one hundred (camels), and Uyayna Bin Hasan one hundred (camels), and gave Al-Abbas Bin Mardaas four (camels), so they were both angered and prosed saying, ‘Are you-saww making the loot and the loot is of the slaves between Uyayna and Al-Aqra, so there was not fort nor locked up and they surpassed Mardaas in the forces, and I was not below any person from them, and the one placed down today will not rise, and I had been in the war lying in wait, but I was not given anything and was not conferred upon’.
فقال له رسول الله ص أنت القائل أ تجعل نهبي و نهب العبيد بين الأقرع و عيينة فقال أبو بكر بأبي أنت و أمي لست بشاعر قال كيف قال فأنشده أبو بكر فقال رسول الله ص يا علي قم إليه فاقطع لسانه
Rasool-Allah-saww said to him: ‘Are you the speaker of, ‘Are you-saww making the loot and the loot is of the slaves between Uyayna and Al-Aqra’?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘May my father and my mother (be sacrificed) for you-saww! He isn’t a poet’. He-saww said: ‘How’. He said, ‘I prosed it, Abu Bakr’. Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘O Ali-asws! Arise and cut off his tongue’.
قال عباس فو الله لهذه الكلمة كانت أشد علي من يوم خثعم فأخذ علي بيدي فانطلق بي و قلت يا علي إنك لقاطع لساني قال إني ممض فيك ما أمرت حتى أدخلني الحظائر فقال اعقل ما بين أربعة إلى مائة
Abbas (Bin Madras) said, ‘By Allah-azwj this phrase was more severe upon me than the day of Khas’am. Ali-asws grabbed my hand and went with me, and I said, ‘O Ali-asws! You-asws are going to cut off my tongue?’ He-asws said: ‘I-asws shall accomplish regarding you until the prevention enters into me-asws’. He said, ‘Be reasonable between four to a hundred’.
قال قلت بأبي أنتم و أمي ما أكرمكم و أحلمكم و أجملكم و أعلمكم فقال لي إن رسول الله ص أعطاك أربعا و جعلك مع المهاجرين فإن شئت فخذها و إن شئت فخذ المائة و كن مع أهل المائة
He said, ‘I said, ‘May my father and my mother be (sacrificed for) you-asws! how much is your-asws benevolence, and your-asws forbearance, and your-asws knowledge’. He-saww said: ‘For me-asws is that Rasool-Allah-saww has already given you four and made you to be with the Emigrants, so if you like take it and if you like then take the hundred and be with the people of the hundred’.
فقال فقلت لعلي ع أشر أنت علي قال فإني آمرك أن تأخذ ما أعطاك و ترضى قال فإني أفعل.
He said, ‘I said to Ali-asws, ‘You-asws are indicating upon me’. He-asws said: ‘I-asws instruct you to take what I-asws give you and be pleased (with it)’. He said, ‘I shall do so’.
قال و غضب قوم من الأنصار لذلك و ظهر منهم كلام قبيح حتى قال قائلهم لقي الرجل أهله و بني عمه و نحن أصحاب كل كريهة.
He said, ‘And a group from the Helpers were angered at that and ugly talk appeared from them until their speaker said, ‘The man met his family, and a son his uncle, and we are the companions of all misfortunes’.
فلما رأى رسول الله ص ما دخل على الأنصار من ذلك أمرهم أن يقعدوا و لا يقعد معهم غيرهم ثم أتاهم شبه المغضب يتبعه علي ع حتى جلس وسطهم فقال أ لم آتكم و أنتم على شفا حفرة من النار فأنقذكم الله منها بي قالوا بلى و لله و لرسوله المن و الطول و الفضل علينا
When Rasool-Allah-saww saw what had entered from that upon the Helpers, he-saww instructed them that they should be seated and no one from the others should sit, then came to them resembling the anger. Ali-asws followed him-saww until he-saww sat in their midst and said: ‘Did I-saww not come to you and you were upon the edge of a pit of the Fire, and Allah-azwj Saved you all from it through me-saww?’ They said, ‘Yes, and for Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww is the favour, and the forbearance and the grace upon us’.
قال أ لم آتكم و أنتم أعداء فألف الله بين قلوبكم بي قالوا أجل ثم قال أ لم آتكم و أنتم قليل فكثركم الله بي و قال ما شاء الله أن يقول ثم سكت ثم قال أ لا تجيبوني قالوا بم نجيبك يا رسول الله فداك أبونا و أمنا لك المن و الفضل و الطول
He-saww said: ‘Did I-saww not come to you and you were enemies, so Allah-azwj harmonised between your heart through me-saww?’ Then he-saww said: ‘Did I-saww not come to you and you were few, so Allah-azwj Multiplied you through me-saww?’ – and he-saww said whatever Allah-azwj so Desired him-saww to say, then he-saww was silent, then said: ‘Will you not answer me-saww?’ They said, ‘With what should we answer you, O Rasool-Allah-saww, may our fathers and our mother be (sacrificed) for you-saww, and the conferment, and the grace and the forbearance’.
قال بل لو شئتم قلتم جئتنا طريدا مكذبا فآويناك و صدقناك و جئتنا خائفا فآمناك فارتفعت أصواتهم و قام إليه شيوخهم فقبلوا يديه و رجليه و ركبتيه ثم قالوا رضينا عن الله و عن رسوله و هذه أموالنا أيضا بين يديك فاقسمها بين قومك إن شئت
He-saww said: ‘If you like you can say, ‘You-saww came to us as a fugitive and we sheltered you-saww and ratified you-saww and you-saww came to us fearing and we granted you safety’. So, their voices were raised and their elders stood to him-saww and they kissed his-saww hands and his-saww legs and his-saww shoulder, then said, ‘We are pleased from Allah-azwj and from His-azwj Rasool-saww, this here is our wealth as well in front of you-saww, so distribute it between your-saww people if you-saww so like’.
فقال يا معشر الأنصار أ وجدتم في أنفسكم إذ قسمت مالا أتألف به قوما و وكلتم إلى إيمانكم أ ما ترضون أن يرجع غيركم بالشاء و النعم و رجعتم أنتم و رسول الله في سهمكم
He-saww said: ‘O community of the Helpers! Will you find within yourself (any objection) when I-saww distribute wealth to incline people with it, and you are to your Eman, are you pleased if others return with livestock and the bounties, while you return and Rasool-Allah-saww is in your share?’
ثم قال ص الأنصار كرشي و عيبتي لو سلك الناس واديا و سلك الأنصار شعبا لسلكت شعب الأنصار اللهم اغفر للأنصار و لأبناء الأنصار و لأبناء أبناء الأنصار
Then he-saww said: ‘The Helpers are like my-saww hands and my-saww feet. If the people were to travel a valley and the Helpers travel a mountain pass, I-saww would travel the mountain pass of the Helpers. O Allah-azwj! Forgive the Helpers and the sons of the Helpers and the sons of the sons of the Helpers’.
وَ رُوِيَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ: مَنْ أَمْسَكَ مِنْكُمْ بِحَقِّهِ فَلَهُ بِكُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ سِتُّ فَرَائِضَ مِنْ أَوَّلِ فَيْءٍ يُصِيبُهُ فردوا إلى الناس نساءهم و أبناءهم قال و كلمته أخته في مالك بن عوف فقال إن جاءني فهو آمن فأتاه فرد عليه ماله و أعطاه مائة من الإبل.
And in a report, ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘One from you who withholds his right, for him would be, for every human being, six Obligatory (portions) from the first ‘Fey’ he attains’. So they returned to the people, their women and their sons. And his-saww sister (from breast-feeding) spoke to him-saww regarding Malik Bin Awf. He-saww said: ‘If he comes to me-saww, then he is safe’. He came to him-saww, and he-saww returned to him his wealth and gave him one hundred camels’.
وَ رَوَى الزُّهْرِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: بَيْنَا نَحْنُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَ هُوَ يَقْسِمُ إِذْ أَتَاهُ ذُو الْخُوَيْصِرَةِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ اعْدِلْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَيْلَكَ مَنْ يَعْدِلُ إِنْ أَنَا لَمْ أَعْدِلْ وَ قَدْ خِبْتُ أَوْ خَسِرْتُ إِنْ أَنَا لَمْ أَعْدِلْ
And it is reported by Al-Zuhry, from Abu Salma, from Abu Saeed Al-Khudry who said, ‘While we were in the presence of Rasool-Allah-saww and he-saww was distributing when Zul Khuweysara, a man from the clan of Tameem came to him-saww, and he said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! Be fair’. He-saww said: ‘Woe be unto you, and who will be fair if I-saww am not fair (if) I-saww have swindled or incurred you a loss then I-saww am not being fair’.
فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ائْذَنْ لِي فِيهِ أَضْرِبْ عُنُقَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص دَعْهُ فَإِنَّ لَهُ أَصْحَاباً يُحَقِّرُ أَحَدُكُمْ صَلَاتَهُ مَعَ صَلَاتِهِ وَ صِيَامَهُ مَعَ صِيَامِهِ يَقْرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ لَا يُجَاوِزُ تَرَاقِيَهُمْ يَمْرُقُونَ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ كَمَا يَمْرُقُ السَّهْمُ مِنَ الرَّمِيَّةِ.
Umar Bin Al-Khattab said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! Can you-saww permit me regarding him, I will strike off his neck’. Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Leave him, for there are such companions for him, the Salat of one of you is degraded by his Salat, and his Fast with his Fast. They are reciting the Quran not exceeding their ways, passing from Al-Islam just as the arrow passes from the shooting.
قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فَأَشْهَدُ أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ هَذَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع قَاتَلَهُمْ وَ أَنَا مَعَهُ وَ أَمَرَ بِذَلِكَ الرَّجُلَ فَالْتُمِسَ فَوُجِدَ فَأُتِيَ بِهِ حَتَّى نَظَرْتُ إِلَيْهِ عَلَى نَعْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي نَعَتَ- رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ.
Abu Saeed said, ‘I testify that I heard this from Rasool-Allah-saww, and I testify that Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws fought them and I was with him-asws, and ordered with that man, so he-asws sought and found and came with him until I looked at him upon the description which Rasool-Allah-saww had described him with’ – It is reported by Al-Bukhari in Al-Saheeh.
قَالُوا ثُمَّ رَكِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ اتَّبَعَهُ النَّاسُ يَقُولُونَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ اقْسِمْ عَلَيْنَا فَيْئَنَا حَتَّى أَلْجَئُوهُ إِلَى شَجَرَةٍ فَانْتَزَعَ عَنْهُ رِدَاؤُهُ فَقَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسِ رُدُّوا عَلَيَّ رِدَائِي فَوَ الَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَوْ كَانَ عِنْدِي عَدَدُ شَجَرَتِهَا نَعَماً لَقَسَمْتُهُ عَلَيْكُمْ ثُمَّ مَا أَلْفَيْتُمُونِي بَخِيلًا وَ لَا جَبَاناً
They said, ‘Then Rasool-Allah-saww rode and the people followed him-saww saying, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! Distribute upon us our booty until they backed him-saww to a tree and snatched his-saww robe from him-saww. He-saww said: ‘O you people! Return my-saww robe back to me-saww! By the One-azwj in Whose Hand is my-saww soul, if there was with me-saww bounties of the number of its trees I-saww would have distributed it upon you all, then you would have neither found me-saww stingy nor a coward’.
ثُمَّ قَامَ إِلَى جَنْبِ بَعِيرٍ وَ أَخَذَ مِنْ سَنَامِهِ وَبَرَةً فَجَعَلَهَا بَيْنَ إِصْبَعَيْهِ فَقَالَ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ وَ اللَّهِ مَا لِي مِنْ فَيْئِكُمْ هَذِهِ الْوَبَرِةِ إِلَّا الْخُمُسُ وَ الْخُمُسُ مَرْدُودٌ عَلَيْكُمْ فَأَدُّوا الْخِيَاطَ وَ الْمَخِيطَ فَإِنَّ الْغُلُولَ عَارٌ وَ نَارٌ وَ شَنَارٌ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ
Then he-saww stood to the side of a camel and took fur from its hump and made it to be between his-saww fingers and said: ‘O you people! By Allah-azwj, there is not for me from your booty even this fur, except for the fifth, and the fifth it returned to you all, so deliver the sewing and the sewn, for the swindling is a shame, and fire and a disgraceful action upon it doer up to the Day of Qiyamah’.
فَجَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ بِكُبَّةٍ مِنْ خُيُوطِ شَعْرٍ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَخَذْتُ هَذَا لِأَخِيطَ بِهَا بَرْذَعَةَ بَعِيرٍ لِي فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَمَّا حَقِّي مِنْهَا فَلَكَ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ أَمَّا إِذَا بَلَغَ الْأَمْرُ هَذَا فَلَا حَاجَةَ لِي بِهَا وَ رَمَى بِهَا مِنْ يَدِهِ.
A man from the Helpers came to him-saww with a ball of hair threads and said, ‘O Rasool-Allah‑saww! I took this to sew with it a saddlecloth of a camel of mine’. Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘As for my-saww right in it, so it is for you’. The man said, ‘But when the matter has this, so there is no need for me with it’, and he threw it from his hand’.
ثم خرج رسول الله ص من الجعرانة في ذي القعدة إلى مكة فقضى بها عمرته ثم صدر إلى المدينة و خليفته على أهل مكة معاذ بن جبل و قال محمد بن إسحاق استخلف عتاب بن أسيد و خلف معه معاذا يفقه الناس في الدين و يعلمهم و حج بالناس في تلك السنة و هي سنة ثمان عتاب بن أسيد و أقام ص بالمدينة ما بين ذي الحجة إلى رجب.
Then Rasool-Allah-saww went out from Al-Ja’rana during Zil Qadah to Makkah and fulfilled his‑saww Umrah at it, then went to Al-Medina and he-saww left behind Muaz Bin Jabal in charge upon the people of Makkah. And Muhammad Bin Is’haq said, ‘He-saww left behind Ataab Bin Aseyd and left behind with him Muaz to make the people understand regarding the Religion and teach them, and Ataab Bin Aseyd performed Hajj during that year, and it is the year eight, and he-saww stayed in Al-Medina for what is between Zul Hijjah up to Rajab’’.[22]
Ziyarat Ashura:
السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا خِيَرَةَ اللَّهِ وَ ابْنَ خِيَرَتِهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا ابْنَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ ابْنَ سَيِّدِ الْوَصِيِّينَ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا ابْنَ فَاطِمَةَ سَيِّدَةِ النِّسَاءِ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا ثَارَ اللَّهِ وَ ابْنَ ثَارِهِ وَ الْوِتْرُ الْمَوْتُورُ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ وَ عَلَى الْأَرْوَاحِ الَّتِي حَلَّتْ بِفِنَائِكَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنِّي جَمِيعاً سَلَامُ اللَّهِ أَبَداً مَا بَقِيتُ وَ بَقِيَ اللَّيْلُ وَ النَّهَارُ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ لَقَدْ عَظُمَتِ الْمُصِيبَةُ بِكَ عَلَيْنَا وَ عَلَى جَمِيعِ أَهْلِ السَّمَاوَاتِ فَلَعَنَ اللَّهُ أُمَّةً أَسَّسَتْ أَسَاسَ الظُّلْمِ وَ الْجَوْرِ عَلَيْكُمْ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَ لَعَنَ اللَّهُ أُمَّةً دَفَعَتْكُمْ عَنْ مَقَامِكُمْ وَ أَزَالَتْكُمْ عَنْ مَرَاتِبِكُمُ الَّتِي رَتَّبَكُمُ اللَّهُ فِيهَا وَ لَعَنَ اللَّهُ أُمَّةً قَتَلَتْكَ وَ لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْمُمَهِّدِينَ لَهُمْ بِالتَّمْكِينِ مِنْ قِتَالِكُمْ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِنِّي سِلْمٌ لِمَنْ سَالَمَكُمْ وَ حَرْبٌ لِمَنْ حَارَبَكُمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ فَلَعَنَ اللَّهُ آلَ زِيَادٍ وَ آلَ مَرْوَانَ وَ لَعَنَ اللَّهُ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ قَاطِبَةً وَ لَعَنَ اللَّهُ ابْنَ مَرْجَانَةَ وَ لَعَنَ اللَّهُ عُمَرَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ وَ لَعَنَ اللَّهُ شِمْراً وَ لَعَنَ اللَّهُ أُمَّةً أَسْرَجَتْ وَ أَلْجَمَتْ وَ تَهَيَّأَتْ لِقِتَالِكَ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَ أُمِّي لَقَدْ عَظُمَ مُصَابِي بِكَ فَأَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ الَّذِي أَكْرَمَ مَقَامَكَ أَنْ يُكْرِمَنِي بِكَ وَ يَرْزُقَنِي طَلَبَ ثَارِكَ مَعَ إِمَامٍ مَنْصُورٍ مِنْ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْنِي وَجِيهاً بِالْحُسَيْنِ ع عِنْدَكَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَ الْآخِرَةِ يَا سَيِّدِي يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أَتَقَرَّبُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ إِلَى رَسُولِهِ وَ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ إِلَى فَاطِمَةَ وَ إِلَى الْحَسَنِ وَ إِلَيْكَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ وَ سَلَّمَ بِمُوَالَاتِكَ وَ الْبَرَاءَةِ مِمَّنْ قَاتَلَكَ وَ نَصَبَ لَكَ الْحَرْبَ وَ مِنْ جَمِيعِ أَعْدَائِكُمْ وَ بِالْبَرَاءَةِ مِمَّنْ أَسَّسَ الْجَوْرَ وَ بَنَى عَلَيْهِ بُنْيَانَهُ وَ أَجْرَى ظُلْمَهُ وَ جَوْرَهُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَ عَلَى أَشْيَاعِكُمْ بَرِئْتُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ إِلَيْكُمْ مِنْهُمْ وَ أَتَقَرَّبُ إِلَى اللَّهِ ثُمَّ إِلَيْكُمْ بِمُوَالَاتِكُمْ وَ مُوَالَاةِ وَلِيِّكُمْ وَ الْبَرَاءَةِ مِنْ أَعْدَائِكُمْ وَ مِنَ النَّاصِبِينَ لَكُمُ الْحَرْبَ وَ الْبَرَاءَةِ مِنْ أَشْيَاعِهِمْ وَ أَتْبَاعِهِمْ إِنِّي سِلْمٌ لِمَنْ سَالَمَكُمْ وَ حَرْبٌ لِمَنْ حَارَبَكُمْ مُوَالٍ لِمَنْ وَالَاكُمْ وَ عَدُوٌّ لِمَنْ عَادَاكُمْ فَأَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ الَّذِي أَكْرَمَنِي بِمَعْرِفَتِكُمْ وَ مَعْرِفَةِ أَوْلِيَائِكُمْ وَ رَزَقَنِي الْبَرَاءَةَ مِنْ أَعْدَائِكُمْ أَنْ يَجْعَلَنِي مَعَكُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَ الْآخِرَةِ وَ أَسْأَلُهُ أَنْ يُبَلِّغَنِي الْمَقَامَ الْمَحْمُودَ لَكُمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَ أَنْ يَرْزُقَنِي طَلَبَ ثَارِكُمْ مَعَ إِمَامٍ مَهْدِيٍّ نَاطِقٍ لَكُمْ وَ أَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ بِحَقِّكُمْ وَ بِالشَّأْنِ الَّذِي لَكُمْ عِنْدَهُ أَنْ يُعْطِيَنِي بِمُصَابِي بِكُمْ أَفْضَلَ مَا أَعْطَى مُصَاباً بِمُصِيبَةٍ أَقُولُ إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَ إِنَّا إِلَيْهِ راجِعُونَ يَا لَهَا مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ مَا أَعْظَمَهَا وَ أَعْظَمَ رَزِيَّتَهَا فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَ فِي جَمِيعِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرَضِينَ اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْنِي فِي مَقَامِي هَذَا مِمَّنْ تَنَالُهُ مِنْكَ صَلَوَاتٌ وَ رَحْمَةٌ وَ مَغْفِرَةٌ
اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْ مَحْيَايَ مَحْيَا مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ مَمَاتِي مَمَاتَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ هَذَا يَوْمٌ تَنْزِلُ فِيهِ اللَّعْنَةُ عَلَى آلِ زِيَادٍ وَ آلِ أُمَيَّةَ وَ ابْنِ آكِلَة الْأَكْبَادِ اللَّعِينِ بْنِ اللَّعِينِ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّكَ فِي كُلِّ مَوْطِنٍ وَ مَوْقِفٍ وَقَفَ فِيهِ نَبِيُّكَ ص اللَّهُمَّ الْعَنْ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ وَ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَ عَلَى يَزِيدَ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ اللَّعْنَةُ أَبَدَ الْآبِدِينَ اللَّهُمَّ فَضَاعِفْ عَلَيْهِمُ اللَّعْنَةَ أَبَداً لِقَتْلِهِمْ الْحُسَيْنَ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَتَقَرَّبُ إِلَيْكَ فِي هَذَا الْيَوْمِ وَ فِي مَوْقِفِي هَذَا وَ أَيَّامِ حَيَاتِي بِالْبَرَاءَةِ مِنْهُمْ وَ بِاللَّعْنِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ بِالْمُوَالَاةِ لِنَبِيِّكَ وَ أَهْلِ بَيْتِ نَبِيِّكَ ص ثُمَّ تَقُولُ مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ اللَّهُمَّ الْعَنْ أَوَّلَ ظَالِمٍ ظَلَمَ حَقَّ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آخِرَ تَابِعٍ لَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ اللَّهُمَّ الْعَنِ الْعِصَابَةَ الَّتِي حَارَبَتِ الْحُسَيْنَ ع وَ شَايَعَتْ وَ بَايَعَتْ عَلَى قَتْلِهِ وَ قَتْلِ أَنْصَارِهِ اللَّهُمَّ الْعَنْهُمْ جَمِيعاً ثُمَّ قُلْ مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَ عَلَى الْأَرْوَاحِ الَّتِي حَلَّتْ بِفِنَائِكَ وَ أَنَاخَتْ بِرَحْلِكَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنِّي سَلَامُ اللَّهِ أَبَداً مَا بَقِيتُ وَ بَقِيَ اللَّيْلُ وَ النَّهَارُ وَ لَا جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ آخِرَ الْعَهْدِ مِنْ زِيَارَتِكُمْ السَّلَامُ عَلَى الْحُسَيْنِ وَ عَلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ وَ أَصْحَابِ الْحُسَيْنِ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ أَجْمَعِينَ ثُمَّ تَقُولُ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً اللَّهُمَّ خُصَّ أَوَّلَ ظَالِمٍ ظَلَمَ آلَ نَبِيِّكَ بِاللَّعْنِ ثُمَّ الْعَنْ أَعْدَاءَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنَ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَ الْآخِرِينَ اللَّهُمَّ الْعَنْ يَزِيدَ وَ أَبَاهُ وَ الْعَنْ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ زِيَادٍ وَ آلَ مَرْوَانَ وَ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ قَاطِبَةً إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ ثُمَّ تَسْجُدُ سَجْدَةً تَقُولُ فِيهَا اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ حَمْدَ الشَّاكِرِينَ عَلَى مُصَابِهِمْ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ عَلَى عَظِيمِ رَزِيَّتِي فِيهِمْ اللَّهُمَّ ارْزُقْنِي شَفَاعَةَ الْحُسَيْنِ يَوْمَ الْوُرُودِ وَ ثَبِّتْ لِي قَدَمَ صِدْقٍ عِنْدَكَ مَعَ الْحُسَيْنِ وَ أَصْحَابِ الْحُسَيْنِ الَّذِينَ بَذَلُوا مُهَجَهُمْ دُونَ الْحُسَيْنِ ع قَالَ يَا عَلْقَمَةُ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ أَنْ تَزُورَهُ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِهَذِهِ الزِّيَارَةِ مِنْ دَهْرِكَ فَافْعَلْ فَلَكَ ثَوَابُ جَمِيعِ ذَلِكَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى[23]
[1] Al Kafi – V 4 – The Book of Fasts Ch 2 H 1
[2] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 75 – The book ‘Al Rawza’ – Ch 21 H 22 l
[3] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 75 – The book ‘Al Rawza’ – Ch 21 H 22 m
[4] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 75 – The book ‘Al Rawza’ – Ch 21 H 22 n
[5] Affected with or as if with an ulcer
[6] الأمالي( للصدوق)، النص، ص: 128, H. 2
[7] الباب الثالث و الثلاثون من قال في الحسينع شعرا فبكى و أبكى,H6, كامل الزيارات، النص، ص: 105
[8]This Verse is the answer from Prophet Yaqub (in the Holy Quran) to his sons when they said: ‘By Allah! You will not cease remembering Yusuf till you are on the verge of death, or until you die (12:85)
[9] كامل الزيارات، النص، ص: 107, chapter 35, H. 1.
[10] كامل الزيارات، النص، ص: 109, chapter 36, H. 3
[11] Kaamil Al Ziyaraat – P 326, H 8
[12] Wasaail Al Shiah – H 19675
[13] Mustadrak Al Wasaail – H 6844
[14] Mustadrak Al Wasaail – H 12066
[15] Wasaail Al Shiah – H 19695
[16] Wasail u shia vol-8 p-90, Mustadrak ul wasail v-6 p-279
[17] Al-Kafi, tradition 1, vol. 3, pp. 321.
[18] Al-Kafi, tradition 2, vol. 3, pp. 321.
[19] Al-Kafi, tradition 3, vol. 3, pp. 321.
[20] Al-Kafi, tradition 4, vol. 3, pp. 321.
[21] Al-Kafi, tradition 7, vol. 3, pp. 321.
[22] Bihar Al Anwaar – V 19, The book of our Prophet-saww, P 3 Ch 28 H 9
[23] Kamil ul Ziyarat, Day of Ashura, H. 6.