الكافي
AL-KAFI
ج 5
Volume 5
Part 2 out of 7
للمحدِّث الجليل والعالم الفقيه الشيخ محمد بن يعقوب الكليني المعروف بثقة الإسلام الكليني المتوفى سنة 329 هجرية
Of the majestic narrator and the scholar, the jurist, the Sheykh Muhammad Bin Yaqoub Al-Kulayni
Well known as ‘The trustworthy of Al-Islam Al-Kulayni’
Who died in the year 329 H
Chapter 11 – The man working in his home (Housework)
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ يَحْتَطِبُ وَ يَسْتَقِي وَ يَكْنُسُ وَ كَانَتْ فَاطِمَةُ سَلَامُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا تَطْحَنُ وَ تَعْجِنُ وَ تَخْبِزُ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Salim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws used to ignite the fire and draw the water and sweep, and Syed Fatima-asws used to grind and knead and bake’.[1]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ عَبْدَلِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ الْجَهْمِ عَنِ الْكَاهِلِيِّ عَنْ مُعَاذٍ بَيَّاعِ الْأَكْسِيَةِ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) يَحْلُبُ عَنْزَ أَهْلِهِ .
Ahmad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from Abdal Bn Bin Malik, from Haroun Bin Al Jahm, from Al Kahily, from Muaz Baya’a Al Aksiya who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww used to milk the goats of his-saww family’.[2]
باب إِصْلَاحِ الْمَالِ وَ تَقْدِيرِ الْمَعِيشَةِ
Chapter 12 – Correcting the wealth and managing the livelihood
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ (عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِنَّ فِي حِكْمَةِ آلِ دَاوُدَ يَنْبَغِي لِلْمُسْلِمِ الْعَاقِلِ أَنْ لَا يُرَى ظَاعِناً إِلَّا فِي ثَلَاثٍ مَرَمَّةٍ لِمَعَاشٍ أَوْ تَزَوُّدٍ لِمَعَادٍ أَوْ لَذَّةٍ فِي غَيْرِ ذَاتِ مُحَرَّمٍ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Muhammad Bin Sama’at, from Muhammad Bin Marwan,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘It is in the wisdom of the progeny of Dawood-as: ‘It is befitting for the intellectual Believer that he does not see the transitory except regarding three (matters) – Restoration of his livelihood, or provision for his Hereafter, or a pleasure in other than with Prohibitions.
وَ يَنْبَغِي لِلْمُسْلِمِ الْعَاقِلِ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ سَاعَةٌ يُفْضِي بِهَا إِلَى عَمَلِهِ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ سَاعَةٌ يُلَاقِي إِخْوَانَهُ الَّذِينَ يُفَاوِضُهُمْ وَ يُفَاوِضُونَهُ فِي أَمْرِ آخِرَتِهِ وَ سَاعَةٌ يُخَلِّي بَيْنَ نَفْسِهِ وَ لَذَّاتِهَا فِي غَيْرِ مُحَرَّمٍ فَإِنَّهَا عَوْنٌ عَلَى تِلْكَ السَّاعَتَيْنِ .
And it is befitting for the intellectual Muslim that there happens to be for him a time dedicated to his affairs in what is between him and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and a time (dedicated to) meeting his brethren whom he advises them and they advise him regarding the matters of the Hereafter, and a time (dedicated) to be alone to himself, and its pleasures in other than the Prohibitions, for these are an aid upon those two times (the first two)’.[3]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ رِبْعِيٍّ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ الْكَمَالُ كُلُّ الْكَمَالِ فِي ثَلَاثَةٍ وَ ذَكَرَ فِي الثَّلَاثَةِ التَّقْدِيرَ فِي الْمَعِيشَةِ .
Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazaan, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Rabi’e, from a man,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The perfection, every perfection is in three (matters)’, and he-asws mentioned regarding the third, being the management of the livelihood’.[4]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ وَ غَيْرِهِ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِصْلَاحُ الْمَالِ مِنَ الْإِيمَانِ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazzal, from Sa’alba and other, from a man,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Correction of the wealth is from the faith’.[5]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ سِرْحَانَ قَالَ رَأَيْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَكِيلُ تَمْراً بِيَدِهِ فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ لَوْ أَمَرْتَ بَعْضَ وُلْدِكَ أَوْ بَعْضَ مَوَالِيكَ فَيَكْفِيَكَ فَقَالَ يَا دَاوُدُ إِنَّهُ لَا يُصْلِحُ الْمَرْءَ الْمُسْلِمَ إِلَّا ثَلَاثَةٌ التَّفَقُّهُ فِي الدِّينِ وَ الصَّبْرُ عَلَى النَّائِبَةِ وَ حُسْنُ التَّقْدِيرِ فِي الْمَعِيشَةِ .
Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazzal, from Dawood Bin Sirham who said,
‘I saw Abu Abdullah-asws weighing dates with his-asws hand. So I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! If you-asws could have ordered one of your-asws sons, or one of your slaves, so they would have sufficed for you-asws’. So he-asws said: ‘O Dawood! It is not correct for the Muslim person except three – the pondering in the Religion, and the patience upon the calamities, and improving the management regarding the livelihood’.[6]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ عَنْ ذَرِيحٍ الْمُحَارِبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِأَهْلِ بَيْتٍ خَيْراً رَزَقَهُمُ الرِّفْقَ فِي الْمَعِيشَةِ .
Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from Muhammad Bin Ali, from Abdullah Bin Jabala, from Zareeh Al Muharby,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Whenever Allah-azwj Intends goodness with a family, He-asws Sustains them with leniency in the livelihood’.[7]
عَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ حَمْزَةَ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَلَيْكَ بِإِصْلَاحِ الْمَالِ فَإِنَّ فِيهِ مَنْبَهَةً لِلْكَرِيمِ وَ اسْتِغْنَاءً عَنِ اللَّئِيمِ .
From him, from Ahmad, from one of our companions, from Salih Bin Hamza, from one of our companions who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘It is upon you with the correction of the wealth, for therein is a stimulant for the benevolent and a self-sufficiency from the wicked ones’.[8]
باب مَنْ كَدَّ عَلَى عِيَالِهِ
Chapter 13 – One who toils for his family
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ الْكَادُّ عَلَى عِيَالِهِ كَالْمُجَاهِدِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hammad Bin Usman, from Al Halby,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The toiler upon his family is like the combatant in the Way of Allah-azwj’.[9]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنْ زَكَرِيَّا ابْنِ آدَمَ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ الَّذِي يَطْلُبُ مِنْ فَضْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَا يَكُفُّ بِهِ عِيَالَهُ أَعْظَمُ أَجْراً مِنَ الْمُجَاهِدِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from Ismail Bin Mihran, from Zakariyya Ibn Adam,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Al-Hassan Al-Reza-asws having said: ‘The one who seeks from the Grace of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic what his family would suffice with would be with a greater Recompense than the combatant in the Way of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic’.[10]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ رِبْعِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ فُضَيْلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِذَا كَانَ الرَّجُلُ مُعْسِراً فَيَعْمَلُ بِقَدْرِ مَا يَقُوتُ بِهِ نَفْسَهُ وَ أَهْلَهُ وَ لَا يَطْلُبُ حَرَاماً فَهُوَ كَالْمُجَاهِدِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ .
Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazaan, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Rabie Bin Abdullah, from Fuzayl Bin Yasaar,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘If the man was insolvent (in debt), so he works with whatever he have provided for himself and his family but does not seek the Prohibited, so he is like the combatant in the Way of Allah-azwj’.[11]
باب الْكَسْبِ الْحَلَالِ
Chapter 14 – Earning the Permissible
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ أَدْعُو اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يَرْزُقَنِي الْحَلَالَ فَقَالَ أَ تَدْرِي مَا الْحَلَالُ فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ أَمَّا الَّذِي عِنْدَنَا فَالْكَسْبُ الطَّيِّبُ فَقَالَ كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ الْحَلَالُ قُوتُ الْمُصْطَفَيْنَ وَ لَكِنْ قُلْ أَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ رِزْقِكَ الْوَاسِعِ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr who said,
‘I said to Abu Al-Hassan-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! Supplicato to Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic that He-azwj should Grace me the Permissible sustenance’. So he-asws said: ‘Do you know what is the Permissible (sustenance)?’ So I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! As for which is with of the goodly earnings’. So he-asws said: ‘Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws was saying: ‘The Permissible livelihood is the food of the ‘Chosen Ones’ (only the Prophets-as and the Imams-as), but say, ‘I ask You-azwj from the extensive sustenance’.[12]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُعَمَّرِ بْنِ خَلَّادٍ وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بُنْدَارَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى جَمِيعاً عَنْ مُعَمَّرِ بْنِ خَلَّادٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الثَّانِي ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ نَظَرَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) إِلَى رَجُلٍ وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ رِزْقِكَ الْحَلَالِ فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) سَأَلْتَ قُوتَ النَّبِيِّينَ قُلِ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ رِزْقاً وَاسِعاً طَيِّباً مِنْ رِزْقِكَ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Moammar Bin Khallad and Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Bundar, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from Muhammad Bin Isa, altogether from Moammar Bin Khallad,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Al-Hassan-asws the 2nd having said: ‘Abu Ja’far-asws looked at a man and he was saying, ‘O Allah-azwj! I ask You-azwj of the Permissible sustenance’. So Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘You ask for the food of the Prophets-as. Say, ‘O Allah-azwj! I ask You-azwj for extensive goodly sustenance from Your-azwj sustenances’.[13]
باب إِحْرَازِ الْقُوتِ
Chapter 15 – Saving the foodstuff
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْجَهْمِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ إِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ إِذَا أَدْخَلَ طَعَامَ سَنَتِهِ خَفَّ ظَهْرُهُ وَ اسْتَرَاحَ وَ كَانَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) لَا يَشْتَرِيَانِ عُقْدَةً حَتَّى يُحْرَزَ إِطْعَامُ سَنَتِهِمَا .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, form Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazzal, from Al Hassan Bin Al Jaham who said,
‘I heard Al-Reza-asws saying: ‘The human being, when he saves the foodstuff for his (whole) year (expenditure), his back is lightened and he would be at rest, and Abu Ja’far-asws and Abu Abdullah-asws were not buying their ties (of marriage) until they-asws had saved foodstuffs for their-asws year’.[14]
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ الذُّهْلِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْمَدَائِنِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) إِنَّ النَّفْسَ إِذَا أَحْرَزَتْ قُوتَهَا اسْتَقَرَّتْ .
Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Abu Muhammad Al Zuhly, from Abu Ayoub Al Madainy, from Abdullah Bin Abdul Rahman, from Ibn Bukeyr,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Al-Hassan-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The soul, when it saves its foodstuff, is settled’.[15]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ سَلْمَانُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِنَّ النَّفْسَ قَدْ تَلْتَاثُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهَا إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا مِنَ الْعَيْشِ مَا تَعْتَمِدُ عَلَيْهِ فَإِذَا هِيَ أَحْرَزَتْ مَعِيشَتَهَا اطْمَأَنَّتْ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Haroun Bin Muslim, from Mas’ada Bin Sadaqa,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Salman-as said, ‘The soul tends to disturb its owner when there does not happen to be the livelihood for it what can be relied upon. So when its livelihood is kept aside, it feels secure’.[16]
باب كَرَاهِيَةِ إِجَارَةِ الرَّجُلِ نَفْسَهُ
Chapter 16 – Abhorrence of the man hiring out himself
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ بَزِيعٍ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ يُونُسَ عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ مَنْ آجَرَ نَفْسَهُ فَقَدْ حَظَرَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ الرِّزْقَ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Ismail Bin Baize, from Mansour Bin Yunus, from Al Mufazzal Bin Umar who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘The one who hires out himself, so he has banned the sustenance upon himself’.
وَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى وَ كَيْفَ لَا يَحْظُرُهُ وَ مَا أَصَابَ فِيهِ فَهُوَ لِرَبِّهِ الَّذِي آجَرَهُ .
And in another report, (He-asws said): ‘And how can he not have banned it and whatever he acquires in it, so it is his Lord-azwj Who has Recompensed him’.[17]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بُنْدَارَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْإِجَارَةِ فَقَالَ صَالِحٌ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ إِذَا نَصَحَ قَدْرَ طَاقَتِهِ قَدْ آجَرَ مُوسَى ( عليه السلام ) نَفْسَهُ وَ اشْتَرَطَ فَقَالَ إِنْ شِئْتُ ثَمَانِيَ وَ إِنْ شِئْتُ عَشْراً فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِيهِ أَنْ تَأْجُرَنِي ثَمانِيَ حِجَجٍ فَإِنْ أَتْمَمْتَ عَشْراً فَمِنْ عِنْدِكَ .
Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Bundar, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from his father, from Ibn Sinan,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Al Hassan-asws having said: ‘I asked him-asws about the hiring out, so he-asws said: ‘Correct, there is no problem with it when it is in accordance to his strength. Musa-as had hired out himself-as and it was stipulated, so he-as said: ‘If you (Shuayb-as so desire eight (years), and if you-as so desire ten (years)’. So Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed regarding it ‘[28:27] you should serve me for eight years; but if you complete ten, it will be of your own free will’.[18]
أَحْمَدُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ عَمَّارٍ السَّابَاطِيِّ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) الرَّجُلُ يَتَّجِرُ فَإِنْ هُوَ آجَرَ نَفْسَهُ أُعْطِيَ مَا يُصِيبُ فِي تِجَارَتِهِ فَقَالَ لَا يُؤَاجِرْ نَفْسَهُ وَ لَكِنْ يَسْتَرْزِقُ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ يَتَّجِرُ فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا آجَرَ نَفْسَهُ حَظَرَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ الرِّزْقَ .
Ahmad, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Amro, from Ammar Al Sabaty who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘The man does business, so if he hires out himself, has to give whatever he acquires in his business?’ So he-asws said: ‘He should not hire himself out, but Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic would Sustain him, and he should do business, for when he hires out himself, he bans the livelihood upon himself’.[19]
باب مُبَاشَرَةِ الْأَشْيَاءِ بِنَفْسِهِ
Chapter 17 – Directing the things by oneself
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَنَّهُ قَالَ بَاشِرْ كِبَارَ أُمُورِكَ بِنَفْسِكَ وَ كِلْ مَا شَفَّ إِلَى غَيْرِكَ قُلْتُ ضَرْبَ أَيِّ شَيْءٍ قَالَ ضَرْبَ أَشْرِيَةِ الْعَقَارِ وَ مَا أَشْبَهَهَا .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa Bin Ubeyd, from Yunus, from a man,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Undertake the greater of your affairs by yourself and allocate what is easier to others’. I said, ‘Which kind of thing?’ He-asws said: ‘Deal where you buy real estate and what resembles it’.[20]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ خَلَفِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ الْجَهْمِ عَنِ الْأَرْقَطِ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) لَا تَكُونَنَّ دَوَّاراً فِي الْأَسْوَاقِ وَ لَا تَلِي دَقَائِقَ الْأَشْيَاءِ بِنَفْسِكَ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَنْبَغِي لِلْمَرْءِ الْمُسْلِمِ ذِي الْحَسَبِ وَ الدِّينِ أَنْ يَلِيَ شِرَاءَ دَقَائِقِ الْأَشْيَاءِ بِنَفْسِهِ مَا خَلَا ثَلَاثَةَ أَشْيَاءَ فَإِنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي لِذِي الدِّينِ وَ الْحَسَبِ أَنْ يَلِيَهَا بِنَفْسِهِ الْعَقَارَ وَ الرَّقِيقَ وَ الْإِبِلَ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from his father, from Amro Bin Ibrahim, from Khalaf Bin Hammad, from Haroun Bin Al Jaham, from Al Arqat who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said to me: ‘Do not become roamers in the markets, nor pursue the minute things by yourself, for it is no befitting for the Muslim man with esteem and the Religion that he buys the minute things by himself, except for three things which are befitting for the one with Religion and he esteem that he should puruse by himself – the real estate, and the slaves, and the camels’.[21]
باب شِرَاءِ الْعَقَارَاتِ وَ بَيْعِهَا
Chapter 18 – Buying real estate and selling it
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُعَمَّرِ بْنِ خَلَّادٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ إِنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى جَعْفَراً ( صلوات الله عليه ) شَبِيهاً بِالْمُسْتَنْصِحِ لَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ صِرْتَ اتَّخَذْتَ الْأَمْوَالَ قِطَعاً مُتَفَرِّقَةً وَ لَوْ كَانَتْ فِي مَوْضِعٍ [وَاحِدٍ] كَانَتْ أَيْسَرَ لِمَئُونَتِهَا وَ أَعْظَمَ لِمَنْفَعَتِهَا فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) اتَّخَذْتُهَا مُتَفَرِّقَةً فَإِنْ أَصَابَ هَذَا الْمَالَ شَيْءٌ سَلِمَ هَذَا الْمَالُ وَ الصُّرَّةُ تُجْمَعُ بِهَذَا كُلِّهِ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Moamar Bin Khallad who said,
‘I heard Abu Al-Hassan-asws saying: ‘A man came over to Ja’far-asws as if he was a counsellor of his-asws, so he said to him-asws, ‘O Abu Abdullah-asws! How did you come to be taking the wealth in pieces of land dispersed? And had they been in one place, it would have been easier for you-asws to maintain these and been with greater profits’. So Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘I-asws took these as apart, so if something were to hit this, this (other) property would be safe, and a bundle tends to gather all of this’.[22]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ مَا يُخَلِّفُ الرَّجُلُ شَيْئاً أَشَدَّ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمَالِ الصَّامِتِ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ بِهِ قَالَ يَجْعَلُهُ فِي الْحَائِطِ يَعْنِي فِي الْبُسْتَانِ أَوِ الدَّارِ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from the one who mentioned it, from Zurara who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘There is nothing which the man leaves behind which is more difficult upon him than the silent wealth (gold and silver), how he should deal with it. Make it to be in the wall, meaning (bury it) in the garden, or the house?’[23]
حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ قَالَ دَعَانِي جَعْفَرٌ ( عليه السلام ) فَقَالَ بَاعَ فُلَانٌ أَرْضَهُ فَقُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ مَكْتُوبٌ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ أَنَّهُ مَنْ بَاعَ أَرْضاً أَوْ مَاءً وَ لَمْ يَضَعْهُ فِي أَرْضٍ أَوْ مَاءٍ ذَهَبَ ثَمَنُهُ مَحْقاً.
Humeyd Bin Ziyad, from Al Hassan Bin Muhammad Bin Sama’at, from someone else, from Aban Bin Usman who said,
(Imam) ‘Ja’far-asws called me, so he-asws said: ‘Did so and so sell his land?’ So I said, ‘Yes’. He-asws said: ‘It is Written in the Torah that the one who sells a land, or water, and does not place (the proceeds of) it in a land or water, its value would go away with an annihilation’.[24]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ وَهْبٍ الْحَرِيرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مُشْتَرِي الْعُقْدَةِ مَرْزُوقٌ وَ بَائِعُهَا مَمْحُوقٌ .
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Salih Bin Abu Hammad, from Al Hassan Bin Ali, from Wahab Al Hareyri,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The buyer of the real estate receives sustenance, and the seller of it is annihilated’.[25]
الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ النَّهْدِيِّ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُرَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) لِمُصَادِفٍ مَوْلَاهُ اتَّخِذْ عُقْدَةً أَوْ ضَيْعَةً فَإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا نَزَلَتْ بِهِ النَّازِلَةُ أَوِ الْمُصِيبَةُ فَذَكَرَ أَنَّ وَرَاءَ ظَهْرِهِ مَا يُقِيمُ عِيَالَهُ كَانَ أَسْخَى لِنَفْسِهِ .
Al Hassan Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Al nahdy, from Yaqoub Bin Yazeed, from Muhammad Bin Murazim, from his father who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said to Musadif, a slave of his-asws: ‘Take real estate or a place (house etc.), for the man, when there descends unto him an affliction or the difficulty, so he remembers that behind his back is what his family can stand upon, he would be more generous with himself’.[26]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بُنْدَارَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يُوسُفَ عَنْ عَبْدِ السَّلَامِ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ أَحْمَرَ عَنْ أَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ ثَمَنُ الْعَقَارِ مَمْحُوقٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يُجْعَلَ فِي عَقَارٍ مِثْلِهِ .
Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Bundar, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Yusuf, from Abdul Salam, from Hisham Bin Ahmar,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ibrahim-asws (7th Imam-asws) having said: ‘The price of real estate is annihilated unless if it is made to be in a real estate similar to it’.[27]
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْكُوفِيِّ عَنْ عُبَيْسِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لَمَّا دَخَلَ النَّبِيُّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) الْمَدِينَةَ خَطَّ دَوْرَهَا بِرِجْلِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ مَنْ بَاعَ رِبَاعَهُ فَلَا تُبَارِكْ لَهُ .
Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Ali Al Kufy, from Ubeys Bin Hisham, from Abdul Sammad Bin Basheer, from Muawiya Bin Ammar,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When the Prophet-saww entered Al-Medina, he-saww drew a line by his-saww leg, then said: ‘O Allah-azwj! The one who sells its four corners, so do not Bless it for him’.[28]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ شَمُّونٍ عَنِ الْأَصَمِّ عَنْ مِسْمَعٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنَّ لِي أَرْضاً تُطْلَبُ مِنِّي وَ يُرَغِّبُونِّي فَقَالَ لِي يَا أَبَا سَيَّارٍ أَ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ مَنْ بَاعَ الْمَاءَ وَ الطِّينَ ذَهَبَ مَالُهُ هَبَاءً قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنِّي أَبِيعُ بِالثَّمَنِ الْكَثِيرِ وَ أَشْتَرِي مَا هُوَ أَوْسَعُ رُقْعَةً مِمَّا بِعْتُ قَالَ فَلَا بَأْسَ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Shamoun, from Al Asamma, from Misma’a who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘There is a land of mine which is sought from me and they (buyers) are coveting it’. So he-asws said to me: ‘O Abu Sayyar! Do you not know that the one who sells the water and the clay, his wealth goes away as dust?’ I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! I can sell it for a lot of money and buy what is of a more expansive area from what I sell’. He-asws said: ‘So there is no problem’.[29]
باب الدَّيْنِ
Chapter 19 – The Debts
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ تَعَوَّذُوا بِاللَّهِ مِنْ غَلَبَةِ الدَّيْنِ وَ غَلَبَةِ الرِّجَالِ وَ بَوَارِ الْأَيِّمِ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Abdul Rahman Bin Al Hajjaj,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Seek Refuge with Allah-azwj from overwhelming by the debts and the overwhelming of the men and ruination of the widow’.[30]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) مَنْ طَلَبَ هَذَا الرِّزْقَ مِنْ حِلِّهِ لِيَعُودَ بِهِ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَ عِيَالِهِ كَانَ كَالْمُجَاهِدِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Musa Bin Bakr who said,
‘Abu Al-Hassan-asws said to me: ‘The one who seeks this sustenance from its Permissible means in order to assist by it upon himself and his family would be like the combatant in the Way of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic.
فَإِنْ غُلِبَ عَلَيْهِ فَلْيَسْتَدِنْ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مَا يَقُوتُ بِهِ عِيَالَهُ فَإِنْ مَاتَ وَ لَمْ يَقْضِهِ كَانَ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ قَضَاؤُهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْضِهِ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ وِزْرُهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقاتُ لِلْفُقَراءِ وَ الْمَساكِينِ وَ الْعامِلِينَ عَلَيْها إِلَى قَوْلِهِ وَ الْغارِمِينَ فَهُوَ فَقِيرٌ مِسْكِينٌ مُغْرَمٌ .
So if he is overwhelmed upon (by poverty), so let him borrow upon Allah-azwj and upon His-azwj Rasool-saww what he can provide with for his family. So if he were to die and he has not paid it back, it would be upon the Imam-asws to fulfil it. So if he-asws does not fulfil it, its burden would be upon him-asws. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying [9:60] But rather, the charities are only for the poor and the needy, and the officials (appointed) over them – up to His-azwj Words – and those in debts, so he is the poor, needy, in debt’.[31]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ حَمْدَانَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ رَفَعَهُ إِلَى بَعْضِ الصَّادِقِينَ ( عليهما السلام ) قَالَ إِنِّي لَأُحِبُّ لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ يَنْوِي قَضَاءَهُ .
Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Hamdan Bin Ibrahim Al Hamdany,
(It has been narrated) raising it to one of the two truthful ones (5th or 6th Imam-asws) having said: ‘I-asws love it for the man there happen to be debts upon him, intending its fulfilment (payment)’.[32]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَزِيرَةِ يُكَنَّى أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ سَأَلَ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) رَجُلٌ وَ أَنَا أَسْمَعُ فَقَالَ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ وَ إِنْ كانَ ذُو عُسْرَةٍ فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلى مَيْسَرَةٍ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ هَذِهِ النَّظِرَةِ الَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ لَهَا حَدٌّ يُعْرَفُ إِذَا صَارَ هَذَا الْمُعْسِرُ إِلَيْهِ لَا بُدَّ لَهُ مِنْ أَنْ يُنْتَظَرَ وَ قَدْ أَخَذَ مَالَ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ وَ أَنْفَقَهُ عَلَى عِيَالِهِ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ غَلَّةٌ يُنْتَظَرُ إِدْرَاكُهَا وَ لَا دَيْنٌ يُنْتَظَرُ مَحِلُّهُ وَ لَا مَالٌ غَائِبٌ يُنْتَظَرُ قُدُومُهُ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Muhammad Bin Suleyman, from a man from the people of Al Jazeera (Algeria) teknonymed as Abu Muhammad who said,
‘A man asked Al-Reza-asws and I was listening, so he said to him-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying [2:280] And if (the debtor) is in straitness, then let there be postponement until (he is in) ease. Inform me about this postponement which Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Mentioned it in His-azwj Book. Is there a limit by which it can be recognised until when this one can postpone upon the straitened one, and he has taken the wealth of this man, and spent it upon his family, and there is produce he is waiting for its harvest, nor a debt awaiting its term of collection, nor any unknown wealth he is waiting to come to him?’
قَالَ نَعَمْ يُنْتَظَرُ بِقَدْرِ مَا يَنْتَهِي خَبَرُهُ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ فَيَقْضِي عَنْهُ مَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ سَهْمِ الْغَارِمِينَ إِذَا كَانَ أَنْفَقَهُ فِي طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ أَنْفَقَهُ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ
He-asws said: ‘Yes. He should postpone by a measurement of what its news would end up to the Imam-asws, so he-asws would pay it on his behalf whatever is upon him, from the share of the creditors, if he had spent it in obedience to Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic. So if he had spent it in disobedience to Allah-azwj, so there is nothing for him upon the Imam-asws’.
قُلْتُ فَمَا لِهَذَا الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي ائْتَمَنَهُ وَ هُوَ لَا يَعْلَمُ فِيمَا أَنْفَقَهُ فِي طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ أَمْ فِي مَعْصِيَتِهِ قَالَ يَسْعَى لَهُ فِي مَالِهِ فَيَرُدُّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ هُوَ صَاغِرٌ .
I said, ‘So what is for this man who entrusted him, and he does not know regarding what he has spent it, in obedience to Allah-azwj or in the disobedience to Him-azwj?’ He-asws said: ‘He has to work regarding his wealth, so he would return it to him, and he is belittled’.[33]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ [عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ] عَنْ حَنَانِ بْنِ سَدِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ كُلُّ ذَنْبٍ يُكَفِّرُهُ الْقَتْلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَّا الدَّيْنَ لَا كَفَّارَةَ لَهُ إِلَّا أَدَاؤُهُ أَوْ يَقْضِيَ صَاحِبُهُ أَوْ يَعْفُوَ الَّذِي لَهُ الْحَقُّ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hanan Bin Sadeyr, from his father,
(It has been narrated) from Ibn Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Every sin is expiated by being killed in the Way of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic except for the debts. There is no expiation for it except its payment, or the debtor fulfils it, or he excuses it, the one for whom is the right’.[34]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ الْإِمَامُ يَقْضِي عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الدُّيُونَ مَا خَلَا مُهُورَ النِّسَاءِ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Abbas, from the one who mentioned it,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The Imam-asws fulfils from the Believer what they are owing, except for the dowries of the women’.[35]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ صَبِيحٍ قَالَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَدَّعِي عَلَى الْمُعَلَّى بْنِ خُنَيْسٍ دَيْناً عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ ذَهَبَ بِحَقِّي فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) ذَهَبَ بِحَقِّكَ الَّذِي قَتَلَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلْوَلِيدِ قُمْ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ فَاقْضِهِ مِنْ حَقِّهِ فَإِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُبَرِّدَ عَلَيْهِ جِلْدَهُ الَّذِي كَانَ بَارِداً .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hammad Bin Usman, from Al Waleed Bin Sabeeh who said,
‘A man came over to Abu Abdullah-asws demanding a debt which was upon Al-Moalla Bin Khunays, so he said, ‘He has gone away with my right’. So Abu Abdullah-asws said to him: ‘It was the one who killed him that went away with your right’. Then he-asws said to Al-Waleed: ‘Stand up to the man, so fulfil his right, for I-asws wanted that his skin be cooled upon him which was already cold’.[36]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ مِنْ أَهْلِ هَمَدَانَ عَنْ أَبِي ثُمَامَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِي ( عليه السلام ) إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَلْزَمَ مَكَّةَ أَوِ الْمَدِينَةَ وَ عَلَيَّ دَيْنٌ فَمَا تَقُولُ فَقَالَ ارْجِعْ فَأَدِّهِ إِلَى مُؤَدَّى دَيْنِكَ وَ انْظُرْ أَنْ تَلْقَى اللَّهَ تَعَالَى وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ دَيْنٌ إِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنَ لَا يَخُونُ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Usman Bin Saeed, from Abdul Kareem, from the people of Hamdan, fro, Abu Samama who said,
‘I said to Abu Ja’far-asws the 2nd, ‘I want to reside in Makkah or Al-Medina, and upon me are debts. So what are you-asws saying?’ So he-asws said: ‘Return and pay your debt to the demander, and wait, and meet Allah-azwj the Exalted and there is no debt upon you. A Believer does not betray’.[37]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ النَّخَعِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جُمْهُورٍ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ قَالَ مَا أُحْصِي مَا سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ( عليه السلام ) يُنْشِدُ فَإِنْ يَكُ يَا أُمَيْمُ عَلَيَّ دَيْنٌ فَعِمْرَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى يَسْتَدِينُ
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Is’haq Bin Muhammad Al Nakhaie, from Muhammad Bin Jamhour, from Fazalat, from Musa Bin Bakr who said,
‘I heard Abu Al-Hassan Musa-asws reciting a prose: ‘O mother! If I-asws were to be with debts upon me-asws, so Imran-as, his-as son-as Musa-as was indebted’.[38]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ الْقَدَّاحِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِيَّاكُمْ وَ الدَّيْنَ فَإِنَّهُ مَذَلَّةٌ بِالنَّهَارِ وَ مَهَمَّةٌ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ قَضَاءٌ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَ قَضَاءٌ فِي الْآخِرَةِ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Al Ashary, from Ibn Al Qaddah,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws from his-asws forefathers-asws, from Ali-asws having said: ‘Beware of the debts, for these are a humiliation during the day and a stress during the night, and has to be paid for in the world and in the Hereafter’.[39]
باب قَضَاءِ الدَّيْنِ
Chapter 20 – Fulfilment of the Debt
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِبَاطٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ مَنْ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ فَيَنْوِي قَضَاءَهُ كَانَ مَعَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حَافِظَانِ يُعِينَانِهِ عَلَى الْأَدَاءِ عَنْ أَمَانَتِهِ فَإِنْ قَصَرَتْ نِيَّتُهُ عَنِ الْأَدَاءِ قَصَرَا عَنْهُ مِنَ الْمَعُونَةِ بِقَدْرِ مَا قَصَرَ مِنْ نِيَّتِهِ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Abdul Rahman Bin Abu Najran, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Bin Rabaat who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘The one upon whom was a debt, so he intends to fulfil it, he would have two Protectors from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic assisting him upon the payment of his entrustment. So if he is deficient in his intention about the payment, so the assistance is reduced from him by a measurement of what he reduces from his intention’.[40]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) الرَّجُلُ مِنَّا يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ الشَّيْءُ يَتَبَلَّغُ بِهِ وَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ أَ يُطْعِمُهُ عِيَالَهُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِمَيْسَرَةٍ فَيَقْضِيَ دَيْنَهُ أَوْ يَسْتَقْرِضُ عَلَى ظَهْرِهِ فِي خُبْثِ الزَّمَانِ وَ شِدَّةِ الْمَكَاسِبِ أَوْ يَقْبَلُ الصَّدَقَةَ
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad and Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Abu Ayoub, from Sama’at who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘The man from us happens to have something with him to meet his expenses with, and upon him is a debt. Should he feed his family until Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Grants him (financial) ease so he could fulfil his debt, or should he borrow upon his back in bad times and difficult earning, or accept charity handouts?’
قَالَ يَقْضِي بِمَا عِنْدَهُ دَيْنَهُ وَ لَا يَأْكُلْ أَمْوَالَ النَّاسِ إِلَّا وَ عِنْدَهُ مَا يُؤَدِّي إِلَيْهِمْ حُقُوقَهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ لا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْباطِلِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ تِجارَةً عَنْ تَراضٍ مِنْكُمْ وَ لَا يَسْتَقْرِضْ عَلَى ظَهْرِهِ إِلَّا وَ عِنْدَهُ وَفَاءٌ
He-asws said: ‘He should fulfil his debt with whatever is with him and he should not consume the wealth of the people except that with him is what he can pay their rights to them. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is saying [2:188] And do not swallow up your property among yourselves by false means, except if there happens to be a compromising trade among you; and he should not borrow upon his back except there if there is loyalty with him.
وَ لَوْ طَافَ عَلَى أَبْوَابِ النَّاسِ فَرَدُّوهُ بِاللُّقْمَةِ وَ اللُّقْمَتَيْنِ وَ التَّمْرَةِ وَ التَّمْرَتَيْنِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ وَلِيٌّ يَقْضِي دَيْنَهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ لَيْسَ مِنَّا مِنْ مَيِّتٍ إِلَّا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهُ وَلِيّاً يَقُومُ فِي عِدَتِهِ وَ دَيْنِهِ فَيَقْضِي عِدَتَهُ وَ دَيْنَهُ .
And if he was to go around the doors of the people, they would return him with the morsel and the two morsels, and a date and two dates, unless if there happens to be a guardian for him who would fulfil his debts from after him. There is none from us who dies except Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Makes a guardian for him who would stand with regards to his promises and his debts, so he would fulfill his promises and his debts’.[41]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لَا تُبَاعُ الدَّارُ وَ لَا الْجَارِيَةُ فِي الدَّيْنِ وَ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُ لَا بُدَّ لِلرَّجُلِ مِنْ ظِلٍّ يَسْكُنُهُ وَ خَادِمٍ يَخْدُمُهُ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Nazar Bin Suweyd, from Al Halby,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Neither sell the house nor the slave girl regarding the debts, and that is because it is a must for the man a shelter which he can dwell in, and a servant who serves him’.[42]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بُنْدَارَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ بُرَيْدٍ الْعِجْلِيِّ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنَّ عَلَيَّ دَيْناً وَ أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ لِأَيْتَامٍ وَ أَخَافُ إِنْ بِعْتُ ضَيْعَتِي بَقِيتُ وَ مَا لِي شَيْءٌ فَقَالَ لَا تَبِعْ ضَيْعَتَكَ وَ لَكِنْ أَعْطِهِ بَعْضاً وَ أَمْسِكْ بَعْضاً .
Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Bundar, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from his father, from Abdullah Bin Al Mugheira, from Bureyd Al Ijaly who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws that, ‘There are debts upon me’, and I think he (the narrator) said, ‘For the orphans, and I fear that if I were to sell my remaining place, there would be nothing left for me’. So he-asws said: ‘Do not sell your place, but give some of it and withhold some’.[43]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْأَحْمَرِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ أَتَى رَجُلٌ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقْتَضِيهِ وَ أَنَا حَاضِرٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ لَيْسَ عِنْدَنَا الْيَوْمَ شَيْءٌ وَ لَكِنَّهُ يَأْتِينَا خِطْرٌ وَ وَسِمَةٌ فَتُبَاعُ وَ نُعْطِيكَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ عِدْنِي فَقَالَ كَيْفَ أَعِدُكَ وَ أَنَا لِمَا لَا أَرْجُو أَرْجَى مِنِّي لِمَا أَرْجُو .
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Ibrahim Bin Is’haq Al Ahmar, from Abdullah Bin Hammad, from Umar Bin Yazeed who said,
‘A man came over to Abu Abdullah-asws asking for help, and I was present, so he-asws said: ‘There is nothing with us-asws today, but we-asws shall be getting Khitr and Wasima, so we-asws would sell (those) and give you, Allah-azwj Willing’. So the man said to him, ‘Promise me’. So he-asws said: ‘How can I-asws promise you to what I-asws am myself-asws hoping for, so you may hope from me-asws from what I-asws am expecting’.[44]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ السُّخْتِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عِيسَى قَالَ ضَاقَ عَلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ( عليه السلام ) ضِيقَةٌ فَأَتَى مَوْلًى لَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَقْرِضْنِي عَشَرَةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ إِلَى مَيْسَرَةٍ فَقَالَ لَا لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ عِنْدِي وَ لَكِنْ أُرِيدُ وَثِيقَةً قَالَ فَشَقَّ لَهُ مِنْ رِدَائِهِ هُدْبَةً فَقَالَ لَهُ هَذِهِ الْوَثِيقَةُ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Yusuf Bin Al Sukht, from Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Suleyman, from Al Fazl Bin Suleyman, from Al Abbas Bin Isa who said,
‘Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws was straitened with financial straitness, so he-asws went over to a friend of his-asws, so he-asws said to him, ‘Lend me one thousand Dirhams until financial ease’. So he said, ‘No, because I do not have it, but I want a bond’. He (the narrator) said, ‘So he-asws tore out a piece of his-asws robe and said to him: ‘This is the bond’.
قَالَ فَكَانَ مَوْلَاهُ كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ فَغَضِبَ وَ قَالَ أَنَا أَوْلَى بِالْوَفَاءِ أَمْ حَاجِبُ بْنُ زُرَارَةَ فَقَالَ أَنْتَ أَوْلَى بِذَلِكَ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ فَكَيْفَ صَارَ حَاجِبٌ يَرْهَنُ قَوْساً وَ إِنَّمَا هِيَ خَشَبَةٌ عَلَى مِائَةِ حَمَالَةٍ وَ هُوَ كَافِرٌ فَيَفِي وَ أَنَا لَا أَفِي بِهُدْبَةِ رِدَائِي
He (the narrator) said, ‘His-asws friend disliked that, so he-asws was angered and said, ‘Am I-asws higher with the entrustment or Hajib Bin Zurara?’ So he said: ‘You-asws are higher with that than he is’. So he-asws said, ‘So how come Haijb came to mortgage a bow, and rather it is only a stick, upon one hundred carriers, and he is an Infidel, so he was loyal, and I-asws would not be loyal to a piece of my-asws own robe?’
قَالَ فَأَخَذَهَا الرَّجُلُ مِنْهُ وَ أَعْطَاهُ الدَّرَاهِمَ وَ جَعَلَ الْهُدْبَةَ فِي حُقٍّ فَسَهَّلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهُ الْمَالَ فَحَمَلَهُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ قَدْ أَحْضَرْتُ مَالَكَ فَهَاتِ وَثِيقَتِي فَقَالَ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ ضَيَّعْتُهَا فَقَالَ إِذَنْ لَا تَأْخُذُ مَالَكَ مِنِّي لَيْسَ مِثْلِي مَنْ يَسْتَخِفُّ بِذِمَّتِهِ
He (the narrator) said, ‘So the man took it from him-asws, and gave him-asws the Dirhams, and made the piece of the robe to be in a container’. So Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Eased the wealth for him-asws, so he-asws carried it to the man, then said to him: ‘I-asws have presented your wealth (back to you), so give my-asws bond’. So he said to him-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! I have lost it’. So he-asws said: ‘Then do not take your wealth from me. The like of me-asws cannot be taken lightly with his-asws entrustment’.
قَالَ فَأَخْرَجَ الرَّجُلُ الْحُقَّ فَإِذَا فِيهِ الْهُدْبَةُ فَأَعْطَاهَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ( عليه السلام ) الدَّرَاهِمَ وَ أَخَذَ الْهُدْبَةَ فَرَمَى بِهَا وَ انْصَرَفَ .
He (the narrator) said, ‘So the man brought out the container, and the piece of the robe was in it. So Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws gave him the Dirhams and took the piece of the robe and threw it away, and left’.[45]
عَنْهُ عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ السُّخْتِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ احْتُضِرَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ فَاجْتَمَعَ عَلَيْهِ غُرَمَاؤُهُ فَطَالَبُوهُ بِدَيْنٍ لَهُمْ فَقَالَ لَا مَالَ عِنْدِي فَأُعْطِيَكُمْ وَ لَكِنِ ارْضَوْا بِمَا شِئْتُمْ مِنِ ابْنَيْ عَمِّي عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ( عليه السلام ) وَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ فَقَالَ الْغُرَمَاءُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ مَلِيٌّ مَطُولٌ وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ( عليه السلام ) [رَجُلٌ] لَا مَالَ لَهُ صَدُوقٌ وَ هُوَ أَحَبُّهُمَا إِلَيْنَا
From him, from Yusuf Bin Al Sukht, from Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Suleyman, from his father, from Isa Bin Abdullah who said,
‘(Death) presented itself to Abdullah, so his creditors gathered around him so they sought the debts which were for them. So he said, ‘There is no wealth with me so I can give it to you, but turn to whoever you like from the son of my uncle Ali-asws Bin Al Husayn-asws and Abdullah Bin Jaffer’. So the creditors said, ‘Abdullah Bin Ja’far delays and prolongs (matters), and Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws is a man with no wealth for him-asws, (but) is a truthful one, and he-asws is the more beloved of the two to us’.
فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ فَأَخْبَرَهُ الْخَبَرَ فَقَالَ أَضْمَنُ لَكُمُ الْمَالَ إِلَى غَلَّةٍ وَ لَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُ غَلَّةٌ تَجَمُّلًا فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ قَدْ رَضِينَا وَ ضَمِنَهُ فَلَمَّا أَتَتِ الْغَلَّةُ أَتَاحَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهُ الْمَالَ فَأَدَّاهُ .
So he sent for him-asws, so he-asws said: ‘I-asws take the responsibility for you for the wealth to a harvest (time)’ as a show of kindness, and there was no harvest for him-asws. So the people said, ‘You-asws have pleased us’, and they held him-asws as a guarantor. So when the time of harvest came, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Gave him-asws the (required) wealth, so he-asws paid it’.[46]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ زِيَادٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنَّ لِي عَلَى رَجُلٍ دَيْناً وَ قَدْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَبِيعَ دَارَهُ فَيَقْضِيَنِي قَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أُعِيذُكَ بِاللَّهِ أَنْ تُخْرِجَهُ مِنْ ظِلِّ رَأْسِهِ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father and Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazaan, altogether from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Ibrahim Bin Abdul Hameed, from Usman Bin Ziyad who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘There is a debt for me upon a man and he intends to sell his house, so he can pay me’. So Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘I-asws seek Refuge for you with Allah-azwj that you should take him out from the shade of his head’.[47]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ خَلَفِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ مُحْرِزٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) الدَّيْنُ ثَلَاثَةٌ رَجُلٌ كَانَ لَهُ فَأَنْظَرَ وَ إِذَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ فَأَعْطَى وَ لَمْ يَمْطُلْ فَذَاكَ لَهُ وَ لَا عَلَيْهِ وَ رَجُلٌ إِذَا كَانَ لَهُ اسْتَوْفَى وَ إِذَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ أَوْفَى فَذَاكَ لَا لَهُ وَ لَا عَلَيْهِ وَ رَجُلٌ إِذَا كَانَ لَهُ اسْتَوْفَى وَ إِذَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ مَطَلَ فَذَاكَ عَلَيْهِ وَ لَا لَهُ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from his father, from Khalaf Bin Hammad, from Muhraz, from Abu Baseer,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The debts are three – A man has (a debt) for him, so he repites, and when it was against him, so he gives it and does not overlook it, so that is for him and not against him; and a man when there was (a debt) for him he wants it fulfilled, and when it was against him so he fulfils it, so that is neither for him nor against him; and a man when there was (a debt) for him so he wants it fulfilled, and when it was against him he overlooks it, so that is against him and is not for him’.[48]
باب قِصَاصِ الدَّيْنِ
Chapter 21 – Retaliation of the debt
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ رَجُلٍ وَقَعَ لِي عِنْدَهُ مَالٌ فَكَابَرَنِي عَلَيْهِ وَ حَلَفَ ثُمَّ وَقَعَ لَهُ عِنْدِي مَالٌ فَآخُذُهُ مَكَانَ مَالِيَ الَّذِي أَخَذَهُ وَ أَجْحَدُهُ وَ أَحْلِفُ عَلَيْهِ كَمَا صَنَعَ فَقَالَ إِنْ خَانَكَ فَلَا تَخُنْهُ وَ لَا تَدْخُلْ فِيمَا عِبْتَهُ عَلَيْهِ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Ibn Raib, from Suleyman Bin Khalid who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about a man with whom there occurred wealth which was for me, so he contended against me over it and swore an oath. Then there occurred with me some wealth for him, if I could seize it in place of my wealth, take it and dispute it and swear upon it, just as he had done?’ So he-asws said: ‘If he has betrayed you, so you do not betray him, and do not enter into what you have blamed him for it’.[49]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ لِي عَلَيْهِ الْحَقُّ فَيَجْحَدُنِيهِ ثُمَّ يَسْتَوْدِعُنِي مَالًا أَ لِي أَنْ آخُذَ مَالِي عِنْدَهُ قَالَ لَا هَذِهِ خِيَانَةٌ .
Ali bin Ibrahim, from his father and Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazaan, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Ibrahim Bin Abdul Hameed, from Muawiya Bin Ammar who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘The man against whom there happens to be a right for me, so he disputes with me. Then he entrusts me with some wealth. Is it for me that I take my wealth (from it) which is with him?’ He-asws said: ‘No. This is betrayal’.[50]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) رَجُلٌ كَانَ لَهُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مَالٌ فَجَحَدَهُ إِيَّاهُ وَ ذَهَبَ بِهِ ثُمَّ صَارَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ لِلرَّجُلِ الَّذِي ذُهِبَ بِمَالِهِ مَالٌ قِبَلَهُ أَ يَأْخُذُهُ مِنْهُ مَكَانَ مَالِهِ الَّذِي ذَهَبَ بِهِ مِنْهُ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَ لَكِنْ لِهَذَا كَلَامٌ يَقُولُ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي آخُذُ هَذَا الْمَالَ مَكَانَ مَالِيَ الَّذِي أَخَذَهُ مِنِّي وَ إِنِّي لَمْ آخُذْ مَا أَخَذْتُ مِنْهُ خِيَانَةً وَ لَا ظُلْماً .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, and Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Sayf Bin Ameyra, from Abu Bakr al Hazramy who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘A man for whom there happened to be some wealth upon a man, so he disputed with him and went away with it. Then, after that, there happened to be for the man whose wealth had been gone away with, some wealth. Can he take from it in place of his wealth which that man had gone away with?’ He-asws said, ‘Yes, but for it there is a speech. He should be saying, ‘O Allah-azwj! I take this wealth in place of my wealth which was taken from me, and I am not taking what I am taking from it as a betrayal, nor as an injustice’.[51]
باب أَنَّهُ إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ حَلَّ دَيْنُهُ
Chapter 22 – When the man dies, his debts become due
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ خَلَفِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي قُرَّةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ حَلَّ مَا لَهُ وَ مَا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الدَّيْنِ .
Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from one of his companions, from Khalaf Bin Hammad, from Ismail Bin Abu Qurrat, from Abu Baseer who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said to me: ‘When the man dies, it frees up what is for him and what is against him, from the debts’.[52]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي الرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ وَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ فَيَضْمَنُهُ ضَامِنٌ لِلْغُرَمَاءِ فَقَالَ إِذَا رَضِيَ بِهِ الْغُرَمَاءُ فَقَدْ بَرِئَتْ ذِمَّةُ الْمَيِّتِ .
Muhamamd Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Abdullah Bin Sinan,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the man who is dying and upon him are debts, so a guarantor undertakes responsibility to the creditors. So he-asws said: ‘When the creditors are pleased with it, so it frees the deceased from the responsibility’.[53]
باب الرَّجُلِ يَأْخُذُ الدَّيْنَ وَ هُوَ لَا يَنْوِي قَضَاءَهُ
Chapter 23 – The man takes the loan and he does not have the intention of paying it
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْغَفَّارِ الْجَازِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ أُتِيَ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ فَسَادٍ لَمْ يُؤَاخِذْهُ اللَّهُ [عَلَيْهِ] إِذَا عَلِمَ بِنِيَّتِهِ [الْأَدَاءَ] إِلَّا مَنْ كَانَ لَا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَ عَنْ أَمَانَتِهِ فَهُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ السَّارِقِ وَ كَذَلِكَ الزَّكَاةُ أَيْضاً وَ كَذَلِكَ مَنِ اسْتَحَلَّ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ بِمُهُورِ النِّسَاءِ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Al Nazar Bin Shuayb, from Abdul Ghaffar Al Jaazy,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I asked him-asws about a man who died and upon him were debts. He-asws said: ‘If it came into his hands without corruption, Allah-azwj will not Seize him when He-azwj Knows of his intention of the payment of it, except for the one who did not have the intention of paying from his entrustments, so he would be at the status of the thief; and similar to that is the Zakat as well, and similar to that is the one who permits himself to go away with the dowries of the women’.[54]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمَّادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَنِ اسْتَدَانَ دَيْناً فَلَمْ يَنْوِ قَضَاهُ كَانَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ السَّارِقِ .
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Salih Bin Abu Hammad, from Ibn Fazzal, from one of his companions,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The one who takes on a debt and does not have the intention of paying it, he would be at the status of the thief’.[55]
باب بَيْعِ الدَّيْنِ بِالدَّيْنِ
Chapter 24 – Selling the debt with the debt
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مِهْزَمٍ عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) لَا يُبَاعُ الدَّيْنُ بِالدَّيْنِ .
Muhamamd Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Ibrahim Bin Mihzam, from Talha Bin Yazeed,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Do not sell the debt by the debt’.[56]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ لَهُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ دَيْنٌ فَجَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ فَاشْتَرَاهُ مِنْهُ [بِعَرْضٍ] ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ إِلَى الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الدَّيْنُ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَعْطِنِي مَا لِفُلَانٍ عَلَيْكَ فَإِنِّي قَدِ اشْتَرَيْتُهُ مِنْهُ كَيْفَ يَكُونُ الْقَضَاءُ فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) يَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الدَّيْنُ مَالَهُ الَّذِي اشْتَرَاهُ بِهِ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي لَهُ الدَّيْنُ .
Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Hassan Bin Ali, from Muhammad Bin Al Fazeyl, from Abu Hamza who said,
‘I asked Abu Ja’far-asws about a man who had a debt for him upon a man. So (another) man came over and bought it from him with an offer. Then he goes to the one upon whom is the debt, so he says to him, ‘Give me what is upon you for so and so, for I have bought it from it’. How would the judgement happen to be with regards to that?’ So Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘The man upon whom is the debt would return his wealth to the one who has bought it, from the man for whom was the debt’.[57]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى وَ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِلرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) رَجُلٌ اشْتَرَى دَيْناً عَلَى رَجُلٍ ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ إِلَى صَاحِبِ الدَّيْنِ فَقَالَ لَهُ ادْفَعْ إِلَيَّ مَا لِفُلَانٍ عَلَيْكَ فَقَدِ اشْتَرَيْتُهُ مِنْهُ قَالَ يَدْفَعُ إِلَيْهِ قِيمَةَ مَا دَفَعَ إِلَى صَاحِبِ الدَّيْنِ وَ بَرِئَ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْمَالُ مِنْ جَمِيعِ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, and someone else, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Muhammad Bin Al Fuzayl who said,
‘I said to Al-Reza-asws, ‘A man bought a debt (which was) upon a man. Then he went to the one with the debt, so he said to him, ‘Hand over to me what is upon you for so and so, for I have bought it from him’. He-asws said: ‘He should hand over to him the price what he had handed over to the (original) creditor, and the one upon whom was the wealth (debt) would be free from the entirety of what was remaining upon him’.[58]
باب فِي آدَابِ اقْتِضَاءِ الدَّيْنِ
Chapter 25 – Regarding the ettiquettes of getting the debts paid off
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ قَالَ دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَشَكَا إِلَيْهِ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَلَمْ يَلْبَثْ أَنْ جَاءَ الْمَشْكُوُّ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) مَا لِفُلَانٍ يَشْكُوكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَشْكُونِي أَنِّي اسْتَقْضَيْتُ مِنْهُ حَقِّي
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moalla Bin Muhammad, from Al Hassan Bin Ali, from Hammad Bin Usman who said,
‘A man came over to Abu Abdullah-asws, so he complained about a man from his-asws companions. It was not long before the one complained against, came over. So Abu Abdullah-asws said to him: ‘What is the matter so and so is complaining against you?’ So he said to him-asws, ‘He is complained about me that I collected my right from him’.
قَالَ فَجَلَسَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) مُغْضَباً ثُمَّ قَالَ كَأَنَّكَ إِذَا اسْتَقْضَيْتَ حَقَّكَ لَمْ تُسِئْ أَ رَأَيْتَ مَا حَكَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ يَخافُونَ سُوءَ الْحِسابِ أَ تَرَى أَنَّهُمْ خَافُوا اللَّهَ أَنْ يَجُورَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَا وَ اللَّهِ مَا خَافُوا إِلَّا الِاسْتِقْضَاءَ فَسَمَّاهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ سُوءَ الْحِسَابِ فَمَنِ اسْتَقْضَى بِهِ فَقَدْ أَسَاءَ .
He (the narrator) said, ‘So Abu Abdullah-asws sat up in anger, then said: ‘It is as if when you collected your right, you did not offend! Do you not see what Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Relating in His-azwj Book [13:21] and they are fearing the evil Reckoning. Do you not see they are fearing the evil Reckoning? Do you not see they are fearing Allah-azwj would be Inequitable (Unfair) upon them? No, by Allah-azwj! They are not fearing except for the collection (of the debts), so Allah-azwj has Named it as the evil Reckoning. So the one who collect by it so he has offended’.[59]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى رَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ إِنَّ لِي عَلَى بَعْضِ الْحَسَنِيِّينَ مَالًا وَ قَدْ أَعْيَانِي أَخْذُهُ وَ قَدْ جَرَى بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَهُ كَلَامٌ وَ لَا آمَنُ أَنْ يَجْرِيَ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ مَا أَغْتَمُّ لَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) لَيْسَ هَذَا طَرِيقَ التَّقَاضِي وَ لَكِنْ إِذَا أَتَيْتَهُ أَطِلِ الْجُلُوسَ وَ الْزَمِ السُّكُوتَ قَالَ الرَّجُلُ فَمَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا يَسِيراً حَتَّى أَخَذْتُ مَالِي .
Muhammad Bin Yahya,
(It has been narrated) raising it to Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘A man said to him, ‘There is some wealth for me upon one of the two Husayns, and its collection has tired me, and there has flowed some speech between me and him, and I am not secure that there would flow between me and him with regards to that what would be distressing for me’. So Abu Abdullah-asws said to him: ‘This is not the way for the collection, but when you go over to him, prolong your sitting and adopt calmness’. The man said, ‘So I did that only for a little while, until I received my wealth’.[60]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ عَنْ خَضِرِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو النَّخَعِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا ( عليهما السلام ) فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مَالٌ فَيَجْحَدُهُ قَالَ إِنِ اسْتَحْلَفَهُ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ بَعْدَ الْيَمِينِ شَيْئاً وَ إِنْ تَرَكَهُ وَ لَمْ يَسْتَحْلِفْهُ فَهُوَ عَلَى حَقِّهِ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, and Muhammad Bin Ismail from Al Fazl Bin Shazaan, altogether from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Ibrahim Bin Abdul Hameed, from Hazar Bin Amro and Al Nakhaie who said,
‘One of the two (5th or 6th Imam-asws) said regarding the man who happens to have some wealth for him, so he takes it: ‘If he (the debtor) swears, so it is not for him (the creditor) that he takes from him after the swearing of the oath; and if he neglects it and does not swear, so he (the creditor) is upon his right’.[61]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) لَا وَجَعَ إِلَّا وَجَعُ الْعَيْنِ وَ لَا هَمَّ إِلَّا هَمُّ الدَّيْنِ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Haroun Bin Muslim, from Mas’ada Bin Sadaqa,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘There is no pain except for the pain of the eyes, and there is no stress except for the stress of the debt’.[62]
وَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) الدَّيْنُ رِبْقَةُ اللَّهِ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَإِذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يُذِلَّ عَبْداً وَضَعَهُ فِي عُنُقِهِ .
And by this chain, said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The debt is a yoke of Allah-azwj in His-azwj earth. So whenever Allah-azwj Wants that He-azwj Humiliates a servant, Places it in his neck’.[63]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ بَيَّاعِ السَّابِرِيِّ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ وَ حَكَمٍ الْحَنَّاطِ جَمِيعاً عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ مَنْ حَبَسَ مَالَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ وَ هُوَ قَادِرٌ عَلَى أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ إِيَّاهُ مَخَافَةَ إِنْ خَرَجَ ذَلِكَ الْحَقُّ مِنْ يَدِهِ أَنْ يَفْتَقِرَ كَانَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَقْدَرَ عَلَى أَنْ يُفْقِرَهُ مِنْهُ عَلَى أَنْ يُفْنِيَ نَفْسَهُ بِحَبْسِهِ ذَلِكَ الْحَقَّ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Hammad Bin Abu Talha Baya’a Al Sabiry, and Muhammad Bin Al Fuzayl, and Hakam Al Hannat, altogether from Abu Hama who said,
‘I heard Abu Ja’far-asws saying: ‘The one who withholds wealth of a Muslim person although he is able upon giving it back to him, fearing that if that wealth were to go out from his hands he would be impoverished, Allah-asws Mighty and Majestic is more Able upon impoverishing him that he would annihilate himself by withholding that right’.[64]
باب إِذَا الْتَوَى الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الدَّيْنُ عَلَى الْغُرَمَاءِ
Chapter 26 – When the one upon whom is the debt delays upon the creditors
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( صلوات الله عليه ) يَحْبِسُ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا الْتَوَى عَلَى غُرَمَائِهِ ثُمَّ يَأْمُرُ فَيَقْسِمُ مَالَهُ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْحِصَصِ فَإِنْ أَبَى بَاعَهُ فَيَقْسِمُ يَعْنِي مَالَهُ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazzal,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws used to imprison the man when he delayed upon his creditors. Then he-asws would order, so that his wealth would be distributed between them with the apportionment. So if he refused, then he-asws would sell it, meaning his belongings’.[65]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ الْغَائِبُ يُقْضَى عَنْهُ إِذَا قَامَتِ الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَيْهِ وَ يُبَاعُ مَالُهُ وَ يُقْضَى عَنْهُ وَ هُوَ غَائِبٌ وَ يَكُونُ الْغَائِبُ عَلَى حُجَّتِهِ إِذَا قَدِمَ وَ لَا يُدْفَعُ الْمَالُ إِلَى الَّذِي أَقَامَ الْبَيِّنَةَ إِلَّا بِكُفَلَاءَ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَلِيّاً .
Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hassan, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Hakeym, from Jameel Bin Darraj, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘The absentee, (his debts) would be paid-off from him when the evidence is established over it, and his belongings would be sold from him while he is absent, and the absentee would be upon his proof when he comes over, and his wealth would not be handed over to the one who established the evidence except by the security, when there is no prolongation to occur’.[66]
باب النُّزُولِ عَلَى الْغَرِيمِ
Chapter 27 – The lodging upon the debtor
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ جَرَّاحٍ الْمَدَائِنِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ وَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ وَ إِنْ كَانَ قَدْ صَرَّهَا لَهُ إِلَّا ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Al Nazar Bin Suweyd, from Al Qasim Bin Suleyman, from Jarrah Al Madainy,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abullah-asws that he-asws abhorred that the man lodges upon the man, and for him is a debt upon him, and even if he had it packed (ready) for him, except for three days’.[67]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَنْزِلُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ وَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ أَ يَأْكُلُ مِنْ طَعَامِهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ يَأْكُلُ مِنْ طَعَامِهِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ لَا يَأْكُلُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ شَيْئاً .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Usman Bin Isa, from Sama’at who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the man who lodges upon the man and for him is a debt upon him, can he eat from his food?’ He-asws said: ‘Yes, he can eat from his food for three days, then he should not eat anything after that’.[68]
باب هَدِيَّةِ الْغَرِيمِ
Chapter 28 – Gifting by the creditor
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ غِيَاثِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى عَلِيّاً ( عليه السلام ) فَقَالَ لَهُ إِنَّ لِي عَلَى رَجُلٍ دَيْناً فَأَهْدَى إِلَيَّ هَدِيَّةً قَالَ ( عليه السلام ) احْسُبْهُ مِنْ دَيْنِكَ عَلَيْهِ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Giyas Bin Ibrahim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘A man came over to Ali-asws, so he said to him-asws, ‘There is a debt for me upon a man, so he gifted a gift to me’. He-asws said: ‘Count it from your debt upon him (as a part repayment of debt)’.[69]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ هُذَيْلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ أَخِي جَعْفَرِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ الصَّيْرَفِيِّ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنِّي دَفَعْتُ إِلَى أَخِي جَعْفَرٍ مَالًا فَهُوَ يُعْطِينِي مَا أُنْفِقُهُ وَ أَحُجُّ مِنْهُ وَ أَتَصَدَّقُ وَ قَدْ سَأَلْتُ مَنْ قِبَلَنَا فَذَكَرُوا أَنَّ ذَلِكَ فَاسِدٌ لَا يَحِلُّ وَ أَنَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَنْتَهِيَ إِلَى قَوْلِكَ فَقَالَ لِي أَ كَانَ يَصِلُكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَدْفَعَ إِلَيْهِ مَالَكَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَخُذْ مِنْهُ مَا يُعْطِيكَ فَكُلْ مِنْهُ وَ اشْرَبْ وَ حُجَّ وَ تَصَدَّقْ فَإِذَا قَدِمْتَ الْعِرَاقَ فَقُلْ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ أَفْتَانِي بِهَذَا .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, and Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Huzayl Bin Hayyan a brother of Ja’far Bin Hayyan Al Sayrafi who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘I handed over some wealth to my brother Ja’far, so he gives me what I spend, and I perform Hajj from it, and I give in charity, and I had asked those around us, so they mentioned that, that is invalid and not Permissible, and I would love to end it to your-asws words’. So he-asws said to me ‘Did you receive it before you handed over your wealth to him’. I said, ‘Yes’. He-asws said, ‘So take from it what he gives to you, and eat from it, and drink, and perform Hajj, and give in charity. So when you proceed to Al-Iraq, so say, ‘Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws gave this Verdict to me’.[70]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ سَعْدَانَ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَلَاءِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مَالٌ قَرْضاً فَيُعْطِيهِ الشَّيْءَ مِنْ رِبْحِهِ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَقْطَعَ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُ فَيَأْخُذَ مَالَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَكُونَ شَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ شَرْطاً .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Musa Bin Sa’adan, from Al Husayn Bin Abu Al A’ala, from Is’haq Bin Ammar,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Al-Hassan-asws, said, ‘I asked him-asws about the man who happened to have wealth for himself upon a man as a loan, so he (borrower) gives something from his profits to him (lender) in fear that, that (loan) would be cut off from him. So he (the lender) takes his wealth from other than there being a stipulation (condition) upon it. He-asws said: ‘There is no problem with that for as long as there does not happen to be a stipulation’.[71]
باب الْكَفَالَةِ وَ الْحَوَالَةِ
Chapter 29 – The Warranty and the Assignment
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ الْبَخْتَرِيِّ قَالَ أَبْطَأْتُ عَنِ الْحَجِّ فَقَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) مَا أَبْطَأَ بِكَ عَنِ الْحَجِّ فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ تَكَفَّلْتُ بِرَجُلٍ فَخَفَرَ بِي فَقَالَ مَا لَكَ وَ الْكَفَالَاتِ أَ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّهَا أَهْلَكَتِ الْقُرُونَ الْأُولَى
Ali Bin Ibrahim from his father, and Muhammad Bin Ismail from Al Fazl, altogether from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hafs Bin Al Bakhtary who said,
‘I was delayed about the Hajj, so Abu Abdullah-asws said to me: ‘What is the delay with you about the Hajj?’ So I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! I guaranteed (money) for a man, but he shamed me (did not fulfil his responsibility)’. So he-asws said: ‘What is it to you and the guarantee? Do you not know that it has destroyed the former generations?’
ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ قَوْماً أَذْنَبُوا ذُنُوباً كَثِيرَةً فَأَشْفَقُوا مِنْهَا وَ خَافُوا خَوْفاً شَدِيداً وَ جَاءَ آخَرُونَ فَقَالُوا ذُنُوبُكُمْ عَلَيْنَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْعَذَابَ ثُمَّ قَالَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى خَافُونِي وَ اجْتَرَأْتُمْ عَلَيَّ.
Then he-asws said: ‘A people sinned with numerous sins, so some of them felt pity and they feared with an intense fearing, and the others came over, so they said, ‘Your sins are upon us’. So Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Sent down the Punishment upon them. Then the Blessed and High Said: “You are fearing Me-azwj and are being audacious (disrespectful) to Me-azwj?”’.[72]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ( عليهما السلام ) فِي الرَّجُلِ يُحِيلُ الرَّجُلَ بِمَالٍ كَانَ لَهُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ آخَرَ فَيَقُولُ لَهُ الَّذِي احْتَالَ بَرِئْتَ مِمَّا لِي عَلَيْكَ قَالَ إِذَا أَبْرَأَهُ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُبْرِئْهُ فَلَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ عَلَى الَّذِي أَحَالَهُ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, form his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Jameel, from Zurara,
(It has been narrated) from one of the two (5th or 6th Imam-asws) regarding the man who transmitted the wealth of the man which was for him, to another man. So the one was owed the money said to him, ‘You are free (of responsibility) with what was for me, upon you’. He-asws said: ‘When he freed him (from responsibility), so it is not for him that he should retract against him, and if he did not free him (from responsibility), so it would be for him that he has recourse upon the one whom transmitted it’.[73]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَدِيدٍ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ( عليهما السلام ) مِثْلَهُ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Hadeed, from Jameel, from Zurara (It has been narrated) – from one of the two (5th or 6th Imam-asws), similar to it.
حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكِنْدِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْمِيثَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) رَجُلٌ كَفَلَ لِرَجُلٍ بِنَفْسِ رَجُلٍ فَقَالَ إِنْ جِئْتَ بِهِ وَ إِلَّا عَلَيْكَ خَمْسُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ نَفْسُهُ وَ لَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الدَّرَاهِمِ فَإِنْ قَالَ عَلَيَّ خَمْسُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ إِنْ لَمْ أَدْفَعْهُ إِلَيْكَ قَالَ تَلْزَمُهُ الدَّرَاهِمُ إِنْ لَمْ يَدْفَعْهُ إِلَيْهِ .
Humeyd Bin Ziyad, from Al Hassan Bin Muhammad Al Kindy, from Ahmad Bin Al Hassan Al Maysami, from Aban Bin Usman, from Abu Al Abbas who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘A man guaranteed for a man, in the person (on behalf) of a man, so he said, ‘You either come up with him or else upon you would be five hundred Dirhams’. He-asws said: ‘Upon him is (coming up) with him and there is nothing upon him from the Dirhams. So if he had said, ‘Upon me is five hundred Dirhams if I do not hand him over to you, the Dirhams would be necessitated upon him if he did not hand him over to him’.[74]
حُمَيْدٌ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُحِيلُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ أَ يَرْجِعُ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ لَا يَرْجِعُ عَلَيْهِ أَبَداً إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ أَفْلَسَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ .
Humeyd, from Al Hassan Bin Muhammad, from Ja’far Bin Sama’at, from Aban, from Mansour Bin Hazim who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the man who assigned upon the man with the Dirhams, can he retract against him?’ He-asws said: ‘He cannot retract against him, ever, except if had become bankrupt before that’.[75]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَقْطِينٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ قَوْلُ النَّاسِ الضَّامِنُ غَارِمٌ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَى الضَّامِنِ غُرْمٌ الْغُرْمُ عَلَى مَنْ أَكَلَ الْمَالَ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from one of our companions, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Bin Yaqteen, from Al Husayn Bin Khalid who said,
‘I said to Abu Al-Hassan-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! The people are saying the guarantor is a loser’. So he-asws said: ‘It is not upon the guarantor, a loss of the creditor, the loss is upon the one who ate the wealth’.[76]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ أُتِيَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( صلوات الله عليه ) بِرَجُلٍ تَكَفَّلَ بِنَفْسِ رَجُلٍ فَحَبَسَهُ فَقَالَ اطْلُبْ صَاحِبَكَ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazzal, from Ammar,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘They came to Amir Al-Momineen-asws with a man who had guaranteed in person for a man. So he-asws imprisoned him, and said: ‘Seek out your companion (the one whom he had guaranteed to present)’.[77]
باب عَمَلِ السُّلْطَانِ وَ جَوَائِزِهِمْ
Chapter 30 – Office-bearers for the Sultan (ruling authority) and their recompense
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُذَافِرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَا عُذَافِرُ إِنَّكَ تُعَامِلُ أَبَا أَيُّوبَ وَ الرَّبِيعَ فَمَا حَالُكَ إِذَا نُودِيَ بِكَ فِي أَعْوَانِ الظَّلَمَةِ
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ali Bin Asbaat, from Muhammad Bin Uzafir, from his father who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said to me: ‘O Uzafir! You are dealing (co-operating) with Abu Ayoub and Al-Rabie, so what would your situation be when you are Called with among the supporters of the unjust ones?’
قَالَ فَوَجَمَ أَبِي فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) لَمَّا رَأَى مَا أَصَابَهُ أَيْ عُذَافِرُ إِنَّمَا خَوَّفْتُكَ بِمَا خَوَّفَنِي اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِهِ
He (the narrator) said, ‘My father was dumbfounded. So Abu Abdullah-asws said to him when he-asws saw what had hit him: ‘Yes, Uzafir! But rather, I-asws have scared you with what Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Scared me-asws with’.
قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ فَقَدِمَ أَبِي فَلَمْ يَزَلْ مَغْمُوماً مَكْرُوباً حَتَّى مَاتَ .
Muhammad (the narrator) said, ‘My father went forth and he did not cease to be gloomy, distressed, until he died’.[78]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حُمْرَانَ عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ صَبِيحٍ قَالَ دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَاسْتَقْبَلَنِي زُرَارَةُ خَارِجاً مِنْ عِنْدِهِ فَقَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَا وَلِيدُ أَ مَا تَعْجَبُ مِنْ زُرَارَةَ سَأَلَنِي عَنْ أَعْمَالِ هَؤُلَاءِ أَيَّ شَيْءٍ كَانَ يُرِيدُ أَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ أَقُولَ لَهُ لَا فَيَرْوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنِّي
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Salim, and Muhammad Bin Humran, from Al Waleed Bin Sabeeh who said,
‘I went over to Abu Abdullah-asws, so Zurara met me coming out from his-asws presence. So Abu Abdullah-asws said to me: ‘O Waleed! How strange of Zurara to ask me-asws about being their (governmental) office-bearers! Which thing does he want? Does he want me-asws to say no to him so he can report that from me-asws?’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا وَلِيدُ مَتَى كَانَتِ الشِّيعَةُ تَسْأَلُ عَنْ أَعْمَالِهِمْ إِنَّمَا كَانَتِ الشِّيعَةُ تَقُولُ يُؤْكَلُ مِنْ طَعَامِهِمْ وَ يُشْرَبُ مِنْ شَرَابِهِمْ وَ يُسْتَظَلُّ بِظِلِّهِمْ مَتَى كَانَتِ الشِّيعَةُ تَسْأَلُ عَنْ هَذَا .
Then he-asws said: ‘O Waleed! When did the Shiah (ever) asked about being their office-bearers? But rather, the Shiah were saying, ‘One can eat from their food, and drink from their drinks, and shelter by their shelters. When did the Shiah (ever) ask about this?’[79]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ حَدِيدٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَ صُونُوا دِينَكُمْ بِالْوَرَعِ وَ قَوُّوهُ بِالتَّقِيَّةِ وَ الِاسْتِغْنَاءِ بِاللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِنَّهُ مَنْ خَضَعَ لِصَاحِبِ سُلْطَانٍ وَ لِمَنْ يُخَالِفُهُ عَلَى دِينِهِ طَلَباً لِمَا فِي يَدَيْهِ مِنْ دُنْيَاهُ أَخْمَلَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ مَقَّتَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ وَكَلَهُ إِلَيْهِ فَإِنْ هُوَ غَلَبَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْ دُنْيَاهُ فَصَارَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ نَزَعَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ اسْمُهُ الْبَرَكَةَ مِنْهُ وَ لَمْ يَأْجُرْهُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ يُنْفِقُهُ فِي حَجٍّ وَ لَا عِتْقِ [رَقَبَةٍ] وَ لَا بِرٍّ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Hadeed who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘Fear Allah-azwj! Maintain your Religion with the piety, and strengthen it with the dissimulation and the self-sufficiency with Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic. The one who humbles himself in the company of the Sultan (ruling authority) and to the ones who oppose him upon his Religion, seeking thereby what is in their hands for his worldly (needs), Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic would Suppress him and Detest him, and Leave him to himself. However, if he were to succeed (in securing) something for his world, and something from it (from the enimies of Ahl Al-Bayt-asws) comes over to him, Allah-azwj, Majestic and Mighty is His-azwj Name, would Snatch the Blessings from it, and would not Recompense him upon anything he spends upon regarding a Hajj, nor freeing of a neck, nor a righteous deed’.[80]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بُنْدَارَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ قَالَ كَانَ لِي صَدِيقٌ مِنْ كُتَّابِ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ فَقَالَ لِي اسْتَأْذِنْ لِي عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَاسْتَأْذَنْتُ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ فَأَذِنَ لَهُ فَلَمَّا أَنْ دَخَلَ سَلَّمَ وَ جَلَسَ ثُمَّ قَالَ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنِّي كُنْتُ فِي دِيوَانِ هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمِ فَأَصَبْتُ مِنْ دُنْيَاهُمْ مَالًا كَثِيراً وَ أَغْمَضْتُ فِي مَطَالِبِهِ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) لَوْ لَا أَنَّ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ وَجَدُوا مَنْ يَكْتُبُ لَهُمْ وَ يَجْبِي لَهُمُ الْفَيْءَ وَ يُقَاتِلُ عَنْهُمْ وَ يَشْهَدُ جَمَاعَتَهُمْ لَمَا سَلَبُونَا حَقَّنَا وَ لَوْ تَرَكَهُمُ النَّاسُ وَ مَا فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ مَا وَجَدُوا شَيْئاً إِلَّا مَا وَقَعَ فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ.
Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Bundar, from Ibrahim Bin Is’haq, from Abdullah Bin Hammad, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza who said,
‘There used to be a friend for me from the scribes (clerks) of the Clan of Umayya, so he said to me, ‘Get me permission to see Abu Abdullah-asws’. So I sought permission for him to see him-asws, and he-asws permitted him. So when he came over, he greeted and was seated, then said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! I was in the offices of these people (the Clan of Umayya), so I achieved a lot of wealth from their world, and I closed my eyes regarding their demands’. So Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Had the Clan of Umayya not found the ones who could write for them, and obligate Al-Fey for them, and fight on their behalf, and bearers of witness for their groups to what they have confiscated from us-asws of our-asws rights, and had the people neglected them and what is in their hands, they would not have found anything except for what falls into their hands’.
قَالَ فَقَالَ الْفَتَى جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فَهَلْ لِي مَخْرَجٌ مِنْهُ قَالَ إِنْ قُلْتُ لَكَ تَفْعَلُ قَالَ أَفْعَلُ قَالَ لَهُ فَاخْرُجْ مِنْ جَمِيعِ مَا اكْتَسَبْتَ فِي دِيوَانِهِمْ فَمَنْ عَرَفْتَ مِنْهُمْ رَدَدْتَ عَلَيْهِ مَالَهُ وَ مَنْ لَمْ تَعْرِفْ تَصَدَّقْتَ بِهِ وَ أَنَا أَضْمَنُ لَكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الْجَنَّةَ قَالَ فَأَطْرَقَ الْفَتَى رَأْسَهُ طَوِيلًا ثُمَّ قَالَ قَدْ فَعَلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ
He (the narrator) said, ‘So the youth said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! Is there any way out from it for me?’ He-asws said, ‘If I-asws were to tell you to do (something) would you do it?’ He said, ‘I would do it’. He-asws said to him: ‘So take out the entirety of whatever you have earned in their offices. So for the one whom you recognise, return his wealth to him, and the one you do not recognise, give in charity with it, and I-asws guarantee the Paradise for you, upon (the Guarantee of) Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic’. So the youth kept his head lowered for a long time, then said, ‘I will do it, may I be sacrificed for you-asws’.
قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ فَرَجَعَ الْفَتَى مَعَنَا إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ فَمَا تَرَكَ شَيْئاً عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ إِلَّا خَرَجَ مِنْهُ حَتَّى ثِيَابِهِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَى بَدَنِهِ قَالَ فَقَسَمْتُ لَهُ قِسْمَةً وَ اشْتَرَيْنَا لَهُ ثِيَاباً وَ بَعَثْنَا إِلَيْهِ بِنَفَقَةٍ قَالَ فَمَا أَتَى عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا أَشْهُرٌ قَلَائِلُ حَتَّى مَرِضَ فَكُنَّا نَعُودُهُ قَالَ فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ يَوْماً وَ هُوَ فِي السَّوْقِ قَالَ فَفَتَحَ عَيْنَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي يَا عَلِيُّ وَفَى لِي وَ اللَّهِ صَاحِبُكَ قَالَ ثُمَّ مَاتَ
Ibn Abu Hamza (the narrator) said, ‘So the youth returned with us to Al-Kufa, and he did not leave anything upon the face of the earth except that he extracted from it, even his clothes which were upon his body. So I apportioned a share for him and we bought some clothes for him and send these over to him along with expenses. So there did not come upon him except for a few months until he fell sick, and we used to go to console him. So I went over to him one day and he was in the transit (about to die). So he opened his eyes, then said to me, ‘O Ali! By Allah-azwj, your Master-asws has kept his-asws promise to me’. Then he died.
فَتَوَلَّيْنَا أَمْرَهُ فَخَرَجْتُ حَتَّى دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ إِلَيَّ قَالَ يَا عَلِيُّ وَفَيْنَا وَ اللَّهِ لِصَاحِبِكَ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ صَدَقْتَ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ هَكَذَا وَ اللَّهِ قَالَ لِي عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ .
So we looked after his affairs (funeral etc.) and I came out until I went over to Abu Abdullah-asws. So when he-asws looked at me, he-asws said: ‘O Ali! By Allah-azwj, we-asws have kept our-asws promise to your companion’. So I said, ‘You-asws have spoken the truth, may I be sacrificed for you-asws! By Allah-azwj, this is how he said to me at the time of his death’.[81]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ أَعْمَالِهِمْ فَقَالَ لِي يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ لَا وَ لَا مَدَّةَ قَلَمٍ إِنَّ أَحَدَهُمْ لَا يُصِيبُ مِنْ دُنْيَاهُمْ شَيْئاً إِلَّا أَصَابُوا مِنْ دِينِهِ مِثْلَهُ أَوْ قَالَ حَتَّى يُصِيبُوا مِنْ دِينِهِ مِثْلَهُ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Salim, from Abu Baseer who said,
‘I asked Abu Ja’far-asws about being their (Clan of Umayya’s) office bearers, so he-asws said to me: ‘O Abu Muhammad! No, and not (even) for a circumflex (a mark on a letter like Fatah, Kisra etc.) of a pen. One of you would not attain anything from their world except he would lose from his Religion similar to it’, or said: ‘Until he loses from his Religion, similar to it’.[82]
ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ كُنْتُ قَاعِداً عِنْدَ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) عَلَى بَابِ دَارِهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَنَظَرَ إِلَى النَّاسِ يَمُرُّونَ أَفْوَاجاً فَقَالَ لِبَعْضِ مَنْ عِنْدَهُ حَدَثَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَمْرٌ فَقَالَ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ وُلِّيَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَالٍ فَغَدَا النَّاسُ يُهَنِّئُونَهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيُغْدَى عَلَيْهِ بِالْأَمْرِ تَهَنَّأَ بِهِ وَ إِنَّهُ لَبَابٌ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ النَّارِ .
Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Salim, from Muhammad Bin Muslim who said,
‘I was seated in the presence of Abu Ja’far-asws at the door of his-asws house at Al-Medina, so he-asws looked at the people passing by in droves. So he-asws said to someone in his-asws presence: ‘Has an event occurred in Al-Medina?’ So he said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! A (new) governor has been appointed, so the people are attending lunch to welcome him’. So he-asws said: ‘The man is feeding for a matter to be congratulated by, and he is at the door from doors of the Fire’.[83]
ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ بَشِيرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ قَالَ كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِذْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا فَقَالَ لَهُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ إِنَّهُ رُبَّمَا أَصَابَ الرَّجُلَ مِنَّا الضَّيْقُ أَوِ الشِّدَّةُ فَيُدْعَى إِلَى الْبِنَاءِ يَبْنِيهِ أَوِ النَّهَرِ يَكْرِيهِ أَوِ الْمُسَنَّاةِ يُصْلِحُهَا فَمَا تَقُولُ فِي ذَلِكَ
Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Basheer, from Ibn Abu Yafour who said,
‘I was in the presence of Abu Abdullah-asws when a man came over from our companions, so he said to him-asws, ‘May Allah-azwj Keep you-asws well! Sometimes the man from among us is hit by the (financial) straitness, or the difficulty, and he is summoned (by the unjust governor) to the construction which he builds, or the canal which he digs, or the dam which he corrects. So what are you-asws saying regarding that?’
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) مَا أُحِبُّ أَنِّي عَقَدْتُ لَهُمْ عُقْدَةً أَوْ وَكَيْتُ لَهُمْ وِكَاءً وَ إِنَّ لِي مَا بَيْنَ لَابَتَيْهَا لَا وَ لَا مَدَّةً بِقَلَمٍ إِنَّ أَعْوَانَ الظَّلَمَةِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فِي سُرَادِقٍ مِنْ نَارٍ حَتَّى يَحْكُمَ اللَّهُ بَيْنَ الْعِبَادِ .
So Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘I-asws do not like it that I-asws should tie a knot for them, or tie up a bag for them, and that for me-asws is what is between its final (end result). No, and not (even) for a circumflex (a mark on a letter like Fatah, Kisra etc.) with a pen. The supporters of the unjust, on the Day of Judgement, would be in pavilions of Fire until Allah-azwj has Judged between the (other) servants’.[84]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُهَاجِرٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فُلَانٌ يُقْرِئُكَ السَّلَامَ وَ فُلَانٌ وَ فُلَانٌ فَقَالَ وَ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلَامُ قُلْتُ يَسْأَلُونَكَ الدُّعَاءَ فَقَالَ وَ مَا لَهُمْ قُلْتُ حَبَسَهُمْ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ فَقَالَ وَ مَا لَهُمْ وَ مَا لَهُ قُلْتُ اسْتَعْمَلَهُمْ فَحَبَسَهُمْ فَقَالَ وَ مَا لَهُمْ وَ مَا لَهُ أَ لَمْ أَنْهَهُمْ أَ لَمْ أَنْهَهُمْ أَ لَمْ أَنْهَهُمْ هُمُ النَّارُ هُمُ النَّارُ هُمُ النَّارُ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Yahya Bin Ibrahim Bin Muhajir who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘So and so conveys the greetings, and so and so, and so and so’. So he-asws said: ‘And the greetings be upon them’. I said, ‘They are asking you-asws for the supplication’. So he-asws said: ‘And what is the matter with them?’ I said, ‘Abu Ja’far (Mansour the Caliph) has imprisoned them’. So he-asws said: ‘And what is it with them and him?’ I said, ‘He employed them, and he imprisoned them’. So he-asws said: ‘And what is it with them and him? Did I-asws not forbid them? Did I-asws not forbid them? Did I-asws not forbid them? Torment of the Fire! Torment of the Fire! Torment of the Fire!’
قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ اخْدَعْ عَنْهُمْ سُلْطَانَهُمْ قَالَ فَانْصَرَفْتُ مِنْ مَكَّةَ فَسَأَلْتُ عَنْهُمْ فَإِذَا هُمْ قَدْ أُخْرِجُوا بَعْدَ هَذَا الْكَلَامِ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ .
He (the narrator) said, ‘Then he-asws said: ‘O Allah-azwj! Decieve their Sultan (ruling authority) from them!’ So I left from Makkah. I asked around about them, so they had come out (of the prison) three days after that speech’.[85]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ زُرْبِيٍّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي مَوْلًى لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ كُنْتُ بِالْكُوفَةِ فَقَدِمَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) الْحِيرَةَ فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ لَوْ كَلَّمْتَ دَاوُدَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ أَوْ بَعْضَ هَؤُلَاءِ فَأَدْخُلَ فِي بَعْضِ هَذِهِ الْوِلَايَاتِ فَقَالَ مَا كُنْتُ لِأَفْعَلَ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr,
(It has been narrated) from Dawood Bin Zurby a slave of Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws who said, ‘I was at Al-Kufa, so Abu Abdullah-asws proceded to Al-Hira. So I went over to him-asws and said to him, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! If you-asws could speak to Dawood Bin Ali or one of them, so that I could enter in one of these governorships’. So he-asws said: ‘I-asws will never do it’.
قَالَ فَانْصَرَفْتُ إِلَى مَنْزِلِي فَتَفَكَّرْتُ فَقُلْتُ مَا أَحْسَبُهُ مَنَعَنِي إِلَّا مَخَافَةَ أَنْ أَظْلِمَ أَوْ أَجُورَ وَ اللَّهِ لآَتِيَنَّهُ وَ لَأُعْطِيَنَّهُ الطَّلَاقَ وَ الْعَتَاقَ وَ الْأَيْمَانَ الْمُغَلَّظَةَ أَلَّا أَظْلِمَ أَحَداً وَ لَا أَجُورَ وَ لَأَعْدِلَنَّ
He (the narrator) said, ‘So I left to go to my house, and I thought about it. I said (to myself), ‘What I reckon is that he-asws did not forbid me-asws except out of fear that I would be unjust, or tyrannical. By Allah-azwj! I shall go to him-asws, and I shall (swear) with the divorce and the freeing (of slaves) and the harshest of the oaths that I will not be unjust to anyone nor be tyrannical, and I will do justice’.
قَالَ فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنِّي فَكَّرْتُ فِي إِبَائِكَ عَلَيَّ فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّكَ إِنَّمَا مَنَعْتَنِي وَ كَرِهْتَ ذَلِكَ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ أَجُورَ أَوْ أَظْلِمَ وَ إِنَّ كُلَّ امْرَأَةٍ لِي طَالِقٌ وَ كُلَّ مَمْلُوكٍ لِي حُرٌّ عَلَيَّ وَ عَلَيَّ إِنْ ظَلَمْتُ أَحَداً أَوْ جُرْتُ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ أَعْدِلْ قَالَ كَيْفَ قُلْتَ قَالَ فَأَعَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ الْأَيْمَانَ فَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَقَالَ تَنَاوُلُ السَّمَاءِ أَيْسَرُ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ .
He (the narrator) said, ‘So I went over to him-asws and I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! I pondered over your refusal to me, so I thought that you-asws, rather forbade me and disliked that out of fear that I would be tyrannical, or be unjust, and that I (swear) that every woman of mine be divorced, and every owned slave of mine be freed upon me if I were to be unjust to anyone, or be tyrannical upon him, and if I do not do justice’. He-asws said: ‘How can you say (that)?’ So I repeated the oath upon him-asws, so he-asws raised his-asws head towards the sky and said: ‘Attaining the sky is easier upon you from (being able to do) that (what you are claiming to do)’.[86]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ جَهْمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَ مَا تَغْشَى سُلْطَانَ هَؤُلَاءِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ وَ لِمَ قُلْتُ فِرَاراً بِدِينِي قَالَ فَعَزَمْتَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ فَقَالَ لِي الْآنَ سَلِمَ لَكَ دِينُكَ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Salim, from Jahm Bin Humeyd who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said to me: ‘Do you not take protection of their Sultan (ruling authorities)?’ I said, ‘No’. He-asws said: ‘And why (not)?’ I said, ‘My Religion would flee from me’. He-asws said: ‘So are you determined upon that?’ I said, ‘Yes’. So he-asws said to me: ‘Now, your Religion is safe for you’.[87]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَاسَانِيِّ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الْمِنْقَرِيِّ عَنْ فُضَيْلِ بْنِ عِيَاضٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ مِنَ الْمَكَاسِبِ فَنَهَانِي عَنْهَا فَقَالَ يَا فُضَيْلُ وَ اللَّهِ لَضَرَرُ هَؤُلَاءِ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ أَشَدُّ مِنْ ضَرَرِ التُّرْكِ وَ الدَّيْلَمِ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, and Ali Bin Muhammad Al Qasany, from Al Qasim Bin Muhammad, from Suleyman Al Minqary, from Fuzayl Bin Iyaz who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about certain things from the earning, so he-asws forbade me from these saying: ‘O Fuzayl! By Allah-azwj! The harm of these (ruling authorities) upon this community is more severe that the harm of the Turks and the Daylam’.
قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْوَرَعِ مِنَ النَّاسِ قَالَ الَّذِي يَتَوَرَّعُ عَنْ مَحَارِمِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ يَجْتَنِبُ هَؤُلَاءِ وَ إِذَا لَمْ يَتَّقِ الشُّبُهَاتِ وَقَعَ فِي الْحَرَامِ وَ هُوَ لَا يَعْرِفُهُ وَ إِذَا رَأَى الْمُنْكَرَ فَلَمْ يُنْكِرْهُ وَ هُوَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَيْهِ فَقَدْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُعْصَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ مَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُعْصَى اللَّهُ فَقَدْ بَارَزَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِالْعَدَاوَةِ وَ مَنْ أَحَبَّ بَقَاءَ الظَّالِمِينَ فَقَدْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُعْصَى اللَّهُ
He (the narrator) said, ‘And I asked about the abstention from the people. He-asws said: ‘The one who abstains from the Prohibitions of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic and keeps away from these (ruling authorities), and when he does not fear (refrain) the doubtful matters, he falls into the Prohibitions and he does not recognise it; and when he sees the evil so he does not deny it whereas he is able over it, so he loves to disobey Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic; and the one who loves to disobey Allah-azwj so he has duelled against Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic with the enmity; and the one who loves the survival of the unjust ones so he has loved to disobey Allah-azwj.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى حَمِدَ نَفْسَهُ عَلَى هَلَاكِ الظَّالِمِينَ فَقَالَ فَقُطِعَ دابِرُ الْقَوْمِ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا وَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعالَمِينَ .
Allah-azwj the Exalted has Praised Himself-azwj upon the destruction of the unjust ones so He-azwj Said [6:45] So the roots of the people who were unjust were cut off; and all Praise is due to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds’.[88]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ رَفَعَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ لا تَرْكَنُوا إِلَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا فَتَمَسَّكُمُ النَّارُ قَالَ هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَأْتِي السُّلْطَانَ فَيُحِبُّ بَقَاءَهُ إِلَى أَنْ يُدْخِلَ يَدَهُ إِلَى كِيسِهِ فَيُعْطِيَهُ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad,
(It has been narrated) raising it from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic [11:113] And do not incline towards those who are unjust, so the Fire would touch you, he-asws said: ‘He is the man who goes over to the Sultan (ruling authority), so he loves his remaining until such times as he (the ruler) enters his hand into his bag and gives him something’.[89]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ عَمَّنْ أَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِنَّ قَوْماً مِمَّنْ آمَنَ بِمُوسَى ( عليه السلام ) قَالُوا لَوْ أَتَيْنَا عَسْكَرَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَ كُنَّا فِيهِ وَ نِلْنَا مِنْ دُنْيَاهُ فَإِذَا كَانَ الَّذِي نَرْجُوهُ مِنْ ظُهُورِ مُوسَى ( عليه السلام ) صِرْنَا إِلَيْهِ فَفَعَلُوا
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Husayn Bin saeed, from Al Naar Bin Suweyd, from Muhammad Bin Hisham, from the one who informed him,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘A group from the ones who believed in Musa-as said, ‘If only we would go to the army of Pharaoh-la and we could be in it, we would achieve from his-la world. So when we see from the victory of Musa-as we would go to him-as’. So they did it.
فَلَمَّا تَوَجَّهَ مُوسَى ( عليه السلام ) وَ مَنْ مَعَهُ إِلَى الْبَحْرِ هَارِبِينَ مِنْ فِرْعَوْنَ رَكِبُوا دَوَابَّهُمْ وَ أَسْرَعُوا فِي السَّيْرِ لِيَلْحَقُوا بِمُوسَى ( عليه السلام ) وَ عَسْكَرِهِ فَيَكُونُوا مَعَهُمْ فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَلَكاً فَضَرَبَ وُجُوهَ دَوَابِّهِمْ فَرَدَّهُمْ إِلَى عَسْكَرِ فِرْعَوْنَ فَكَانُوا فِيمَنْ غَرِقَ مَعَ فِرْعَوْنَ .
So when Musa-as diverted along with the ones who were with him-as fleeing towards the sea from Pharaoh-la, they rode their animals and hastened in the riding in order to meet up with Musa-as and his-as army so that they could be with them. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Sent an Angel who struck the faces of their animals and returned them towards the army of Pharaoh-la. Thus, they became from the ones who drowned along with Pharaoh-la’.
وَ رَوَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ حَقٌّ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ تَصِيرُوا مَعَ مَنْ عِشْتُمْ مَعَهُ فِي دُنْيَاهُ .
And it is reported from Ibn Fazzal, from Ali Bin Uqba, from one of our companions,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘It is a right upon Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic that you come to be (in the Hereafter) along with the ones you lived with in his world’.[90]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي رَاشِدٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ السِّنْدِيِّ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ وَصَفْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) مَنْ يَقُولُ بِهَذَا الْأَمْرِ مِمَّنْ يَعْمَلُ عَمَلَ السُّلْطَانِ فَقَالَ إِذَا وَلُوكُمْ يُدْخِلُونَ عَلَيْكُمُ الرِّفْقَ وَ يَنْفَعُونَكُمْ فِي حَوَائِجِكُمْ قَالَ قُلْتُ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ لَا يَفْعَلُ قَالَ مَنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُمْ فَابْرَءُوا مِنْهُ بَرِئَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Barqy, from Ali Bin Abu Rashid, from Ibrahim Bin Al Sandy, from Yunus Bin Ammar who said,
‘I described to Abu Abdullah-asws the ones who are speaking with this matter (Wilayah) from the ones who are office-bearers of the Sultan (ruling authority), so he-asws said: ‘When they rule over you they would be including the leniency over you and they would be benefitting you regarding your needs’. I said, ‘Among them are the ones who do that and among them are ones who don’t’. He-asws said: ‘The one who does not do that so disavow from him by the Disavowing of Allah-azwj from him’.[91]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنِّي وُلِّيتُ عَمَلًا فَهَلْ لِي مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَخْرَجٌ فَقَالَ مَا أَكْثَرَ مَنْ طَلَبَ الْمَخْرَجَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَعَسُرَ عَلَيْهِ قُلْتُ فَمَا تَرَى قَالَ أَرَى أَنْ تَتَّقِيَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ لَا تَعُدْهُ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus, from Hammad, from Humeyd who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘I am a government worker, so is there a way out for me from that?’ So he-asws said: ‘How many are the ones who seek the way out from that but it is difficult upon them’. I said, ‘So what is your-asws view?’ He-asws said: ‘I-asws see that you should be fearing Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic and not repeat it (working for the government)’.[92]
باب شَرْطِ مَنْ أُذِنَ لَهُ فِي أَعْمَالِهِمْ
Chapter 31 – The stipulations for the one who is allowed to be in their (government) workforce
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْهَاشِمِيُّ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمَّادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ قَالَ دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ( عليه السلام ) فَقَالَ لِي يَا زِيَادُ إِنَّكَ لَتَعْمَلُ عَمَلَ السُّلْطَانِ قَالَ قُلْتُ أَجَلْ قَالَ لِي وَ لِمَ قُلْتُ أَنَا رَجُلٌ لِي مُرُوءَةٌ وَ عَلَيَّ عِيَالٌ وَ لَيْسَ وَرَاءَ ظَهْرِي شَيْءٌ فَقَالَ لِي يَا زِيَادُ لَأَنْ أَسْقُطَ مِنْ حَالِقٍ فَأَتَقَطَّعَ قِطْعَةً قِطْعَةً أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَتَوَلَّى لِأَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ عَمَلًا أَوْ أَطَأَ بِسَاطَ أَحَدِهِمْ إِلَّا لِمَا ذَا قُلْتُ لَا أَدْرِي جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ
Al Husayn Bin Al Hassan Al Hashimy, from Salih Bin Abu Hammad, from Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Ziyad Bin Abu Salma who said,
‘I went over to Abu Al-Hassan Musa-asws, so he-asws said to me: ‘O Ziyad! You are working as an office-bearer of the Sultan (ruling authority)?’ I said, ‘Yes’. He-asws said to me: ‘And why?’ I said, ‘I am a man with magnanimity for me, and upon me are dependents, and there is nothing upon my back (no wealth)’. So he-asws said to me: ‘O Ziyad! If I-asws were to fall down from a high mountain and be cut into pieces and pieces, it would be more beloved to me-asws than I-asws govern for anyone from them as an office-bearer, or roll out a carpet for one of them, except for that’ I said, ‘I do not understand, may I be sacrificed for you-asws’.
فَقَالَ إِلَّا لِتَفْرِيجِ كُرْبَةٍ عَنْ مُؤْمِنٍ أَوْ فَكِّ أَسْرِهِ أَوْ قَضَاءِ دَيْنِهِ يَا زِيَادُ إِنَّ أَهْوَنَ مَا يَصْنَعُ اللَّهُ بِمَنْ تَوَلَّى لَهُمْ عَمَلًا أَنْ يُضْرَبَ عَلَيْهِ سُرَادِقٌ مِنْ نَارٍ إِلَى أَنْ يَفْرُغَ اللَّهُ مِنْ حِسَابِ الْخَلَائِقِ
So he-asws said: ‘Except for relieving the suffering of a Believer, or freeing his chains, or paying off his debts. O Ziyad! The easiest of what Allah-azwj would Deal with the one who rules for them as an office-bearer is that He-azwj would Set up over them pavilions of Fire until Allah-azwj is Free from Reckoning the creatures.
يَا زِيَادُ فَإِنْ وُلِّيتَ شَيْئاً مِنْ أَعْمَالِهِمْ فَأَحْسِنْ إِلَى إِخْوَانِكَ فَوَاحِدَةٌ بِوَاحِدَةٍ وَ اللَّهُ مِنْ وَرَاءِ ذَلِكَ يَا زِيَادُ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ مِنْكُمْ تَوَلَّى لِأَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ عَمَلًا ثُمَّ سَاوَى بَيْنَكُمْ وَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَقُولُوا لَهُ أَنْتَ مُنْتَحِلٌ كَذَّابٌ يَا زِيَادُ إِذَا ذَكَرْتَ مَقْدُرَتَكَ عَلَى النَّاسِ فَاذْكُرْ مَقْدُرَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكَ غَداً وَ نَفَادَ مَا أَتَيْتَ إِلَيْهِمْ عَنْهُمْ وَ بَقَاءَ مَا أَتَيْتَ إِلَيْهِمْ عَلَيْكَ .
O Ziyad! So if you were to govern anything from their works, so reckon to your brethren, one with one (equal terms), and Allah-azwj is from behind that (Backer). O Ziyad! Whichever man from you governs for anyone from them (government), so he treats equally between you and them, so say to him, ‘You are an impersonating liar’. O Ziyad! When you remember your power over the people so remember the Power of Allah-azwj upon you tomorrow, and it will deplete what you give to them from them (government), and it would remain upon you what you give to them’.[93]
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ حَبِيبٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ ذُكِرَ عِنْدَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْعِصَابَةِ قَدْ وُلِّيَ وَلَايَةً فَقَالَ كَيْفَ صَنِيعَتُهُ إِلَى إِخْوَانِهِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ خَيْرٌ فَقَالَ أُفٍّ يَدْخُلُونَ فِيمَا لَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُمْ وَ لَا يَصْنَعُونَ إِلَى إِخْوَانِهِمْ خَيْراً .
Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Ibn Abu Najran, from Ibn Sinan, from Habeeb, from Abu Baseer,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘It was mentioned in his-asws presence, a man from this group who had become in charge of governmental affairs. So he-asws said: ‘How does he deal with his brethren?’ I said, ‘There is no goodness in his presence’. So he-asws said: ‘Uff! They are entering into what is not befitting for them and they are not doing anything good for their brethren!’[94]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي مَحْمُودٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَقْطِينٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) مَا تَقُولُ فِي أَعْمَالِ هَؤُلَاءِ قَالَ إِنْ كُنْتَ لَا بُدَّ فَاعِلًا فَاتَّقِ أَمْوَالَ الشِّيعَةِ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from the one who mentioned it, from Ali Bin Asbat, from Ibrahim Bin Abu Mahmoud, from Ali Bin Yaqteen who said,
‘I said to Abu Al-Hassan-asws, ‘What are you-asws saying regarding being of their (governmental) workforce?’ He-asws said: ‘If it was inevitable, so do it, but fear the wealth of the Shiah (for the government)’.
قَالَ فَأَخْبَرَنِي عَلِيٌّ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَجْبِيهَا مِنَ الشِّيعَةِ عَلَانِيَةً وَ يَرُدُّهَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِي السِّرِّ .
He (the narrator) said, ‘So Ali (Bin Al-Yaqteen) informed me that he would collect from the Shiah in the open, and was returning to them in the secrecy’.[95]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الْأَنْبَارِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ سَنَةً أَسْتَأْذِنُهُ فِي عَمَلِ السُّلْطَانِ فَلَمَّا كَانَ فِي آخِرِ كِتَابٍ كَتَبْتُهُ إِلَيْهِ أَذْكُرُ أَنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَى خَبْطِ عُنُقِي وَ أَنَّ السُّلْطَانَ يَقُولُ لِي إِنَّكَ رَافِضِيٌّ وَ لَسْنَا نَشُكُّ فِي أَنَّكَ تَرَكْتَ الْعَمَلَ لِلسُّلْطَانِ لِلرَّفْضِ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, form Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Al Hassan Bin Al Husayn Al Anbary,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Al-Hassan Al-Reza-asws, said, ‘I wrote to him-asws for fourteen years seeking permission regarding working for the Sultan (ruling authorities). So when it my last letter to him-asws, I mentioned that I am fearing of the strike upon my neck and that the ruling authorities are saying to me, ‘You are a rejector (Rafizy), and we have no doubts that you are neglecting the working for the Sultan due to the rejection (of our beliefs)’.
فَكَتَبَ إِلَيَّ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) قَدْ فَهِمْتُ كِتَابَكَ وَ مَا ذَكَرْتَ مِنَ الْخَوْفِ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ فَإِنْ كُنْتَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ إِذَا وُلِّيتَ عَمِلْتَ فِي عَمَلِكَ بِمَا أَمَرَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) ثُمَّ تُصَيِّرُ أَعْوَانَكَ وَ كُتَّابَكَ أَهْلَ مِلَّتِكَ فَإِذَا صَارَ إِلَيْكَ شَيْءٌ وَاسَيْتَ بِهِ فُقَرَاءَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ حَتَّى تَكُونَ وَاحِداً مِنْهُمْ كَانَ ذَا بِذَا وَ إِلَّا فَلَا .
So Abu Al-Hassan-asws wrote back to me: ‘I-asws have understood your letter and what you mentioned from the fear upon yourself. So if you know (for certain) that when you are with authority you would work in your work with what Rasool-Allah-saww had ordered with, then you would be taking on employees and your officers from the people of your Religion. So when something (wealth) comes to you, you would help the poor Believers until one of them would be with the same as that, or else, so (the answer is) no’.[96]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مِهْرَانَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ مَا مِنْ جَبَّارٍ إِلَّا وَ مَعَهُ مُؤْمِنٌ يَدْفَعُ اللَّهُ بِهِ عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ هُوَ أَقَلُّهُمْ حَظّاً فِي الْآخِرَةِ يَعْنِي أَقَلَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ حَظّاً لِصُحْبَةِ الْجَبَّارِ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Ahmad Bin Al Husayn, from his father, from Usman Bin Isa, from Mihran Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I heard him-asws saying: ‘There is no one from a tyrant except with him is a Believer by whom Allah-azwj Defends the Believers and he would be with the smallest of the portions in the Hereafter – meaning having the lowest of the portions of the Believers due to his association with the tyrant’.[97]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنِ السَّيَّارِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا الصَّيْدَلَانِيِّ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي حَنِيفَةَ مِنْ أَهْلِ بُسْتَ وَ سِجِسْتَانَ قَالَ رَافَقْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) فِي السَّنَةِ الَّتِي حَجَّ فِيهَا فِي أَوَّلِ خِلَافَةِ الْمُعْتَصِمِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ وَ أَنَا مَعَهُ عَلَى الْمَائِدَةِ وَ هُنَاكَ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَوْلِيَاءِ السُّلْطَانِ إِنَّ وَالِيَنَا جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ رَجُلٌ يَتَوَلَّاكُمْ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَ يُحِبُّكُمْ وَ عَلَيَّ فِي دِيوَانِهِ خَرَاجٌ فَإِنْ رَأَيْتَ جَعَلَنِيَ اللَّهُ فِدَاكَ أَنْ تَكْتُبَ إِلَيْهِ كِتَاباً بِالْإِحْسَانِ إِلَيَّ فَقَالَ لِي لَا أَعْرِفُهُ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Al Sayyari, from Ahmad Bin Zakariyya Al Sydalany, from a man from the Clan of Haneefa from the people of Bust and Sajistan who said,
‘I accompanied Abu Ja’far-asws in the year in which he-asws performed Hajj during the inception of the caliphate of Al-Mu’tasim, so I said to him-asws while I was with him-asws upon the meal, and over there was a group from the governors of the Sultan (ruling authorities): ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! Our governor is a man who befriends you-asws the People-asws of the Household and loves you-asws, and upon me in his office is a tax, so if you-asws see fit, may I be sacrificed for you-asws, if you-asws could write a letter to him with the favour to me’. He-asws said: ‘I-asws do not recognise him’.
فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّهُ عَلَى مَا قُلْتُ مِنْ مُحِبِّيكُمْ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَ كِتَابُكَ يَنْفَعُنِي عِنْدَهُ فَأَخَذَ الْقِرْطَاسَ وَ كَتَبَ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنَّ مُوصِلَ كِتَابِي هَذَا ذَكَرَ عَنْكَ مَذْهَباً جَمِيلًا وَ إِنَّ مَا لَكَ مِنْ عَمَلِكَ مَا أَحْسَنْتَ فِيهِ فَأَحْسِنْ إِلَى إِخْوَانِكَ وَ اعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ سَائِلُكَ عَنْ مَثَاقِيلِ الذَّرِّ وَ الْخَرْدَلِ
So I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! He is upon what I said from love for you-asws the People-asws of the Household, and your-asws letter would benefit me in his presence’. So he-asws grabbed the paper and wrote: ‘In the Name of Allah-azwj the Beneficent, the Merficul. After this, so the bearer of this letter of mine-asws has mentioned about you being with a beautiful doctrine, and that what is for you from your work is what you would be Reckoned with regards to it. Therefore, be good to your brethren and know that Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic would Question you about (your deeds of) the weight of particles and mustard seeds’.
قَالَ فَلَمَّا وَرَدْتُ سِجِسْتَانَ سَبَقَ الْخَبَرُ إِلَى الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّيْسَابُورِيِّ وَ هُوَ الْوَالِي فَاسْتَقْبَلَنِي عَلَى فَرْسَخَيْنِ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَدَفَعْتُ إِلَيْهِ الْكِتَابَ فَقَبَّلَهُ وَ وَضَعَهُ عَلَى عَيْنَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي مَا حَاجَتُكَ فَقُلْتُ خَرَاجٌ عَلَيَّ فِي دِيوَانِكَ
He (the narrator) said, ‘So when I came to the outskirts of Sajistan, the news preceded to Al-Husayn Bin Abdullah Al-Neyshpouri, and he was the governor. So he welcomed me at two Farsakhs from the city. So I handed over the letter to him, and he kissed it and placed it upon his eyes, then said to me, ‘What is your need?’ So I said, ‘Tax upon me in your office’.
قَالَ فَأَمَرَ بِطَرْحِهِ عَنِّي وَ قَالَ لِي لَا تُؤَدِّ خَرَاجاً مَا دَامَ لِي عَمَلٌ ثُمَّ سَأَلَنِي عَنْ عِيَالِي فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِمَبْلَغِهِمْ فَأَمَرَ لِي وَ لَهُمْ بِمَا يَقُوتُنَا وَ فَضْلًا فَمَا أَدَّيْتُ فِي عَمَلِهِ خَرَاجاً مَا دَامَ حَيّاً وَ لَا قَطَعَ عَنِّي صِلَتَهُ حَتَّى مَاتَ .
He (the narrator) said, ‘So he ordered with the staving off from me and said to me, ‘You will not have to pay any tax for as long as I am in office’. Then he asked me about my dependants, so I informed him of their ages. So he ordered for me and for them with what was our provision, and extra. So I did not pay any tax during his term in office for as long as he was alive, and his maintenance was not cuf off from me until he died’.[98]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَقْطِينٍ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنَّ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَعَ السُّلْطَانِ أَوْلِيَاءَ يَدْفَعُ بِهِمْ عَنْ أَوْلِيَائِهِ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from one of our companions, from Ali Bin Yaqteen who said,
‘Abu Al Hassan-asws said to me: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic as firends with the Sultan (ruling authority) by whom He-azwj Defends His-azwj friends’.[99]
باب بَيْعِ السِّلَاحِ مِنْهُمْ
Chapter 32 – Selling of the weapons among them (Ruling authorites)
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ قَالَ دَخَلْنَا عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَقَالَ لَهُ حَكَمٌ السَّرَّاجُ مَا تَرَى فِيمَنْ يَحْمِلُ السُّرُوجَ إِلَى الشَّامِ وَ أَدَاتَهَا فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ أَنْتُمُ الْيَوْمَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) إِنَّكُمْ فِي هُدْنَةٍ فَإِذَا كَانَتِ الْمُبَايَنَةُ حَرُمَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ تَحْمِلُوا إِلَيْهِمُ السُّرُوجَ وَ السِّلَاحَ.
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Sayf Bin Ameyra, from Abu Bakr Al Hazramy who said,
‘We went over to Abu Abdullah-asws, so Hakam Al-Sarraj said to him-asws, ‘What do you-asws see regarding the one who bears the saddles and their equipments to Syria?’ So he-asws said: ‘There is no problem. Today you all are at the status of the companions of Rasool-Allah-saww. You are in a truce, so if you were in the conflicts, it would have been Prohibited upon you that you should be carrying the saddles and the weapons to them’.[100]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ رِبَاطٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَارَةَ عَنْ هِنْدٍ السَّرَّاجِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ إِنِّي كُنْتُ أَحْمِلُ السِّلَاحَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الشَّامِ فَأَبِيعُهُ مِنْهُمْ فَلَمَّا أَنْ عَرَّفَنِيَ اللَّهُ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ ضِقْتُ بِذَلِكَ وَ قُلْتُ لَا أَحْمِلُ إِلَى أَعْدَاءِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ احْمِلْ إِلَيْهِمْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَدْفَعُ بِهِمْ عَدُوَّنَا وَ عَدُوَّكُمْ يَعْنِي الرُّومَ وَ بِعْهُمْ فَإِذَا كَانَتِ الْحَرْبُ بَيْنَنَا فَلَا تَحْمِلُوا فَمَنْ حَمَلَ إِلَى عَدُوِّنَا سِلَاحاً يَسْتَعِينُونَ بِهِ عَلَيْنَا فَهُوَ مُشْرِكٌ.
Ahmad Bin Muhammad, form Ibn Mahboub, from Ali Bin Al Hassan Bin Rabaat, from Abu Sarah, from Hind Al Sarraj who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘May Allah-azwj Keep you-asws well! I used to carry the weapons to the people of Syria, so I would sell it to them. So when Allah-azwj Made me recognise this matter (Al-Wilayah), I was constricted by that, and I said, ‘I will not carry to the enemies of Allah-azwj’. So he-asws said: ‘Carry to them, for Allah-azwj would Repulse by them our-asws enemies and your enemies, meaning the Romans; and sell it to them, so when there is the war between us, so do not carry, for the one who carries weapons to our-asws enemies, for them to be assited with against us-asws, so he is a Polytheist’.[101]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنِ الْفِئَتَيْنِ تَلْتَقِيَانِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَاطِلِ أَ نَبِيعُهُمَا السِّلَاحَ قَالَ بِعْهُمَا مَا يَكُنُّهُمَا كَالدِّرْعِ وَ الْخُفَّيْنِ وَ نَحْوِ هَذَا .
Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Hisham Bin Salim, from Muhammad Bin Qays who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the two parties from the people of the falsehood who meet in battle, can I sell the weapons to these two?’ He-asws said: ‘You can sell to both of them what is defensive for them, like the armours, and the shoes, and (items) such as these’.[102]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنِ السَّرَّادِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنِّي أَبِيعُ السِّلَاحَ قَالَ لَا تَبِعْهُ فِي فِتْنَةٍ .
Ahmad Bin Muhammad, form Abu Abdullah Al barqy, from Al Sarrad,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘I sell the weapons’. He-asws said: ‘You cannot sell during the tribulations (trouble times)’.[103]
باب الصِّنَاعَاتِ
Chapter 33 – The Professions
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ جَدِّهِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْتَرِفَ الْأَمِينَ وَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يُحِبُّ الْمُؤْمِنَ الْمُحْتَرِفَ .
A number of our companions, form Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Qasim Bin Yahya, from his grandfather Al Hassan Bin Rashid, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said that Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Loves ‘الْمُؤْمِنَ الْمُحْتَرِفَ’ ‘the Believer who has a skill (profession)’.[104]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ السِّنْدِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ عَنْ سَدِيرٍ الصَّيْرَفِيِّ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) حَدِيثٌ بَلَغَنِي عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ فَإِنْ كَانَ حَقّاً فَإِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَ إِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ قَالَ وَ مَا هُوَ قُلْتُ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ الْحَسَنَ الْبَصْرِيَّ كَانَ يَقُولُ لَوْ غَلَى دِمَاغُهُ مِنْ حَرِّ الشَّمْسِ مَا اسْتَظَلَّ بِحَائِطِ صَيْرَفِيٍّ وَ لَوْ تَفَرَّثَ كَبِدُهُ عَطَشاً لَمْ يَسْتَسْقِ مِنْ دَارِ صَيْرَفِيٍّ مَاءً وَ هُوَ عَمَلِي وَ تِجَارَتِي وَ فِيهِ نَبَتَ لَحْمِي وَ دَمِي وَ مِنْهُ حَجِّي وَ عُمْرَتِي
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Salih Bin Al Sandy, from Ja’far Bin Basheer, from Khalid Bin Umarat, from Sadeyr Al Sayrafi who said,
‘I said to Abu Ja’far-asws, ‘A Hadeeth has reached me from Al-Hassan Al-Basry, so if it was true, so we are for Allah-azwj to Him-azwj we are returning’. He-asws said: ‘And what is it?’ I said, ‘It has reached me that Al-Hassan Al-Basry was saying, ‘(Even) if his brain were to boil from the heat of the sun, he would (still) not shade himself by a wall of a money-changer, and (even) if his liver were to burst out of thirst, he would not quench himself with water from the house of a money-changer, and it is my work and my business, and by it my flesh has been built and my blood, and from it I have performed my Hajj and my Umrah’.
فَجَلَسَ ثُمَّ قَالَ كَذَبَ الْحَسَنُ خُذْ سَوَاءً وَ أَعْطِ سَوَاءً فَإِذَا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَدَعْ مَا بِيَدِكَ وَ انْهَضْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ أَ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ أَصْحَابَ الْكَهْفِ كَانُوا صَيَارِفَةً .
So he-asws sat up, then said: ‘Al-Hassan has lied! Take equally (in fairness) and give equally (in fairness), so when the Prayer presents itself, leave what is in your hands and rise to the Prayer. Do you not know that the companions of the cave (As’haab Al-Kahf) were money-changers?’[105]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَجُلًا يَسْأَلُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) فَقَالَ إِنِّي أُعَالِجُ الدَّقِيقَ وَ أَبِيعُهُ وَ النَّاسُ يَقُولُونَ لَا يَنْبَغِي فَقَالَ لَهُ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) وَ مَا بَأْسُهُ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ مِمَّا يُبَاعُ إِذَا اتَّقَى اللَّهَ فِيهِ الْعَبْدُ فَلَا بَأْسَ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazzal who said,
‘I heard a man ask Abu Al-Hassan Al-Reza-asws, so he said, ‘I cure (by) the flour and I sell it (my portion), and the people are saying that it is not befitting for me’. So Al-Reza-asws said to me: ‘And what is the problem with it? Everything from what is sold when the servant fears Allah-azwj , so there is no problem’.[106]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْخُزَاعِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي الْعَلَاءِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَخَبَّرْتُهُ أَنَّهُ وُلِدَ لِي غُلَامٌ فَقَالَ أَ لَا سَمَّيْتَهُ مُحَمَّداً قَالَ قُلْتُ قَدْ فَعَلْتُ قَالَ فَلَا تَضْرِبْ مُحَمَّداً وَ لَا تَسُبَّهُ جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ قُرَّةَ عَيْنٍ لَكَ فِي حَيَاتِكَ وَ خَلَفَ صِدْقٍ مِنْ بَعْدِكَ فَقُلْتُ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ja’far Bin Yahya Al Khazaie, from his father Yahya Bin Abu Al A’ala, from Is’haq Bin Ammar who said,
‘I went over to Abu Abdullah-asws, so I informed him-asws that a son had been born unto me. So he-asws said: ‘Did you not name him as Muhammad?’ I said, ‘I have done it’. He-asws said: ‘So neither beat Muhammad, nor insult him. Allah-azwj has Made him a delight for your eye during your lifetime and a true successor from after you’.
جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فِي أَيِّ الْأَعْمَالِ أَضَعُهُ قَالَ إِذَا عَدَلْتَهُ عَنْ خَمْسَةِ أَشْيَاءَ فَضَعْهُ حَيْثُ شِئْتَ لَا تُسْلِمْهُ صَيْرَفِيّاً فَإِنَّ الصَّيْرَفِيَّ لَا يَسْلَمُ مِنَ الرِّبَا وَ لَا تُسْلِمْهُ بَيَّاعَ الْأَكْفَانِ فَإِنَّ صَاحِبَ الْأَكْفَانِ يَسُرُّهُ الْوَبَاءُ إِذَا كَانَ وَ لَا تُسْلِمْهُ بَيَّاعَ الطَّعَامِ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَسْلَمُ مِنَ الِاحْتِكَارِ وَ لَا تُسْلِمْهُ جَزَّاراً فَإِنَّ الْجَزَّارَ تُسْلَبُ مِنْهُ الرَّحْمَةُ وَ لَا تُسْلِمْهُ نَخَّاساً فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) قَالَ شَرُّ النَّاسِ مَنْ بَاعَ النَّاسَ .
May I be sacrificed for you-asws! Into which profession shall I place him?’ He-asws said: ‘If you keep him adjust him away from five things, so you can place him wherever you so desire to. Do not submit him as a money-changer, for the money-changer is not safe from the usury; and do not submit him as a seller of the coffins for the owner of the coffins is joyful during the plague when there was one; and do not submit him as a food trader for he would not be safe from the monopolization (hoarding); and do not make him to be a butcher, for the butcher, his mercy is confiscated from him; and do make him as a slave trader, for Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The most evil of the people is the one who sells the people’.[107]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) قَالَ إِنِّي أَعْطَيْتُ خَالَتِي غُلَاماً وَ نَهَيْتُهَا أَنْ تَجْعَلَهُ قَصَّاباً أَوْ حَجَّاماً أَوْ صَائِغاً .
Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Talha Bin Zayd,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Adullah Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws having said that Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘I gave a boy to my maternal aunt and forbade her that she should make him a butcher, or a cupper, or a goldsmith’.[108]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بُنْدَارَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ زَنْجَوَيْهِ التَّفْلِيسِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عُمَرَ الْحَنَّاطِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الصَّيْقَلِ الرَّازِيِّ قَالَ دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) وَ مَعِي ثَوْبَانِ فَقَالَ لِي يَا أَبَا إِسْمَاعِيلَ يَجِيئُنِي مِنْ قِبَلِكُمْ أَثْوَابٌ كَثِيرَةٌ وَ لَيْسَ يَجِيئُنِي مِثْلُ هَذَيْنِ الثَّوْبَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ تَحْمِلُهُمَا أَنْتَ فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ تَغْزِلُهُمَا أُمُّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَ أَنْسِجُهُمَا أَنَا فَقَالَ لِي حَائِكٌ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ فَقَالَ لَا تَكُنْ حَائِكاً قُلْتُ فَمَا أَكُونُ قَالَ كُنْ صَيْقَلًا وَ كَانَتْ مَعِي مِائَتَا دِرْهَمٍ فَاشْتَرَيْتُ بِهَا سُيُوفاً وَ مَرَايَا عُتُقاً وَ قَدِمْتُ بِهَا الرَّيَّ فَبِعْتُهَا بِرِبْحٍ كَثِيرٍ .
Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Bundar, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from Al Qasim Bin Is’haq Bin Ibrahim, from Musa Bin Zanjawiya Al Tafleysi, from Abu Umar Al Hannat, from Ismail Al Sayqal Al Razy who said,
‘I went over to Abu Abdullah-asws and with me were two clothes. So he-asws said to me: ‘O Abu Ismail! The ones before you have come to me-asws with numerous clothes and they did not come to me-asws with the likes of these two clothes which you are carrying’. So I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! The mother of Ismail spun these two, and I weaved these two’. So he-asws said to me: ‘(You are) a weaver?’ I said, ‘Yes’. So he-asws said: ‘Do not become a weaver’. I said, ‘So what should I become?’ He-asws said: ‘Become a polisher’. And there were two hundred Dirhams with me, so I bought swords with it, and old mirrors, and proceded with these to Al-Rayy, and I sold these (after polishing them) for a lot of profit’.[109]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي شَيْخٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا الْكُوفِيِّينَ قَالَ دَخَلَ عِيسَى بْنُ شَفَقِيٍّ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) وَ كَانَ سَاحِراً يَأْتِيهِ النَّاسُ وَ يَأْخُذُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ الْأَجْرَ فَقَالَ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ أَنَا رَجُلٌ كَانَتْ صِنَاعَتِيَ السِّحْرَ وَ كُنْتُ آخُذُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ الْأَجْرَ وَ كَانَ مَعَاشِي وَ قَدْ حَجَجْتُ مِنْهُ وَ مَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيَّ بِلِقَائِكَ وَ قَدْ تُبْتُ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَهَلْ لِي فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَخْرَجٌ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) حُلَّ وَ لَا تَعْقِدْ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from a Sheykh from our Kufian companions who said,
‘Isa Bin Shafaqiyya went over to Abu Abdullah-asws and he was a magician. The people were coming to him and he would take the payment upon that. So he said to him-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! I a man who used to do magic, and I used to take the payment upon that, and it was my livelihood, and I have performed Hajj from it, and Allah-azwj has Favoured upon me with meeting you-asws, and I have repented to Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic. So is there for me in anything from that, a way out?’ So Abu Abdullah-asws said to him: ‘Loosen it, and do not tie it (Break the spells and do not make them)’.[110]
باب كَسْبِ الْحَجَّامِ
Chapter 34 – Earnings of the cupper
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ كَسْبِ الْحَجَّامِ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ إِذَا لَمْ يُشَارِطْ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Ibn Raib, from Abu Baseer,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘I asked him-asws about the earning of the cupper, so he-asws said: ‘There is no problem with it when he does not stipulate (specify wages)’.[111]
سَهْلُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ حَنَانِ بْنِ سَدِيرٍ قَالَ دَخَلْنَا عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) وَ مَعَنَا فَرْقَدٌ الْحَجَّامُ فَقَالَ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنِّي أَعْمَلُ عَمَلًا وَ قَدْ سَأَلْتُ عَنْهُ غَيْرَ وَاحِدٍ وَ لَا اثْنَيْنِ فَزَعَمُوا أَنَّهُ عَمَلٌ مَكْرُوهٌ وَ أَنَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَسْأَلَكَ عَنْهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ مَكْرُوهاً انْتَهَيْتُ عَنْهُ وَ عَمِلْتُ غَيْرَهُ مِنَ الْأَعْمَالِ فَإِنِّي مُنْتَهٍ فِي ذَلِكَ إِلَى قَوْلِكَ قَالَ وَ مَا هُوَ قَالَ حَجَّامٌ
Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr, from Hanaan Bin Sadeyr who said,
‘We went over to Abu Abdullah-asws and with us was Farqad the cupper, so he said to him-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! I do a work and have asked someone else about it, and a second, so they are alleging that it is an abhorrent work, but I would love to ask you-asws about it. So if it was abhorred, I shall refrain from it, and do something else from the works, for I would like to end it in accordance to your-asws words’. He-asws said: ‘What is it?’ He said, ‘Cupping’.
قَالَ كُلْ مِنْ كَسْبِكَ يَا ابْنَ أَخٍ وَ تَصَدَّقْ وَ حُجَّ مِنْهُ وَ تَزَوَّجْ فَإِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) قَدِ احْتَجَمَ وَ أَعْطَى الْأَجْرَ وَ لَوْ كَانَ حَرَاماً مَا أَعْطَاهُ
He-asws said, ‘Eat from your earnings, O cousin, and give in charity, and perform Hajj from it, and marry, for the Prophet-saww had cupping done and gave the recompense, and had it been Prohibited, he-saww would not have given it’.
قَالَ جَعَلَنِيَ اللَّهُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ لِي تَيْساً أُكْرِيهِ فَمَا تَقُولُ فِي كَسْبِهِ فَقَالَ كُلْ كَسْبَهُ فَإِنَّهُ لَكَ حَلَالٌ وَ النَّاسُ يَكْرَهُونَهُ قَالَ حَنَانٌ قُلْتُ لِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ يَكْرَهُونَهُ وَ هُوَ حَلَالٌ قَالَ لِتَعْيِيرِ النَّاسِ بَعْضِهِمْ بَعْضاً .
He (the narrator) said, ‘May Allah-azwj Make me to be sacrificed for you-asws! I have a male goat which I hire out, so what are you-asws saying regarding its earnings?’ So he-asws said: ‘Eat its earnings for it is Permissible for you, and the people are disliking it’. Hanaan (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘For which thing are they disliking it and it is Permissible?’ He-asws said: ‘The people tend to reproach each other (for that work)’.[112]
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ احْتَجَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) حَجَمَهُ مَوْلًى لِبَنِي بَيَاضَةَ وَ أَعْطَاهُ وَ لَوْ كَانَ حَرَاماً مَا أَعْطَاهُ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ قَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) أَيْنَ الدَّمُ قَالَ شَرِبْتُهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ مَا كَانَ يَنْبَغِي لَكَ أَنْ تَفْعَلَ وَ قَدْ جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَكَ حِجَاباً مِنَ النَّارِ فَلَا تَعُدْ .
Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Ahmad Bin Al nazar, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww had cupping done, and it was a slave of the Clan of Bayaza who did cupping on him-saww, and he-saww gave him (payment), and had it been Prohibited, he-saww would not have given it. So when he was free, Rasool-Allah-saww said to him: ‘Where is the blood?’ He said, ‘I drank it, O Rasool-Allah-saww!’ So he-saww said: ‘It was not befitting for you that you should do that, and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Made a barrier for you from the Fire, but do not repeat’.[113]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ كَسْبِ الْحَجَّامِ فَقَالَ مَكْرُوهٌ لَهُ أَنْ يُشَارِطَ وَ لَا بَأْسَ عَلَيْكَ أَنْ تُشَارِطَهُ وَ تُمَاكِسَهُ وَ إِنَّمَا يُكْرَهُ لَهُ وَ لَا بَأْسَ عَلَيْكَ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazal, from Ibn Bukeyr, from Zurara who said,
‘I asked Abu Ja’far-asws about the earning of the cupper, so he-asws said: ‘It is abhorrent for him that he should stipulate (a specific price), and there is no problem upon you if you stipulate it, and bargain. But rather, it is disliked for him and there is no problem upon you’.[114]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ كَسْبِ الْحَجَّامِ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ قُلْتُ أَجْرُ التُّيُوسِ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ لَتَعَايَرُ بِهِ وَ لَا بَأْسَ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father and Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazaan, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Muawiya Bin Ammar who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the earning of the cupper, so he-asws said: ‘There is no problem with it’. I said, ‘Recompense for the male goat (hiring out)?’ He-asws said: ‘Although the Arabs are reproaching for it, there is no problem’.[115]
باب كَسْبِ النَّائِحَةِ
Chapter 35 – Earnings of the lamenting woman
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبِي يَا جَعْفَرُ أَوْقِفْ لِي مِنْ مَالِي كَذَا وَ كَذَا لِنَوَادِبَ تَنْدُبُنِي عَشْرَ سِنِينَ بِمِنًى أَيَّامَ مِنًى .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al hakam, from Yunus Bin Yaqoub,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘My-asws father-asws said to me-asws: ‘O Ja’far-asws! Dedicate to me-asws from my-asws such and such wealth for the lamenters to lament me-asws for ten years at Mina in the days of Mina’.[116]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَاتَ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ فَقَالَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) إِنَّ آلَ الْمُغِيرَةِ قَدْ أَقَامُوا مَنَاحَةً فَأَذْهَبُ إِلَيْهِمْ فَأَذِنَ لَهَا فَلَبِسَتْ ثِيَابَهَا وَ تَهَيَّأَتْ وَ كَانَتْ مِنْ حُسْنِهَا كَأَنَّهَا جَانٌّ وَ كَانَتْ إِذَا قَامَتْ فَأَرْخَتْ شَعْرَهَا جَلَّلَ جَسَدَهَا وَ عَقَدَتْ بِطَرَفَيْهِ خَلْخَالَهَا
Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Mlik Bin Atiyya, from Abu Hamza,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Al-Waleed Bin Al-Mugheira died, so Umm Salma-as said to the Prophet-saww: ‘The progeny of Al-Mugheira have established a lamentation, so I-as want to go to them’. So he-saww permitted her-as. So she-as wore her-as clothes and prepared herself-as, and it was from her-as beauty that she was like a fairy, and she-as was such that whenever she-as stood up, so her-as hair flowed till the top part of her-as body got covered, and she-as tied her-as ornaments at the ends of it.
فَنَدَبَتِ ابْنَ عَمِّهَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَقَالَتْ .أَنْعَى الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ أَبَا الْوَلِيدِ فَتَى الْعَشِيرَهْ حَامِي الْحَقِيقَةِ مَاجِدٌ يَسْمُو إِلَى طَلَبِ الْوَتِيرَهْ قَدْ كَانَ غَيْثاً فِي السِّنِينَ وَ جَعْفَراً غَدَقاً وَ مِيرَهْ
So she-as eulogised the son of her-as uncle in front of Rasool-Allah-saww, so she-as said: ‘I-as state that Al-Waleed Bin Al-Waleed Abu Al-Waleed was a youth of the family, a patron of the realities; a glorious one transcending to the frequently of its seeking; a quencher during the years, a spring of fresh water and its provisions’.
قَالَ فَمَا عَابَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهَا النَّبِيُّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) وَ لَا قَالَ شَيْئاً .
He-asws said: ‘So the Prophet-saww did not refuse that to her, nor did he-saww say anything’.[117]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ جَمِيعاً عَنْ حَنَانِ بْنِ سَدِيرٍ قَالَ كَانَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مَعَنَا فِي الْحَيِّ وَ لَهَا جَارِيَةٌ نَائِحَةٌ فَجَاءَتْ إِلَى أَبِي فَقَالَتْ يَا عَمِّ أَنْتَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ مَعِيشَتِي مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ ثُمَّ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْجَارِيَةِ النَّائِحَةِ وَ قَدْ أَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ تَسْأَلَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَإِنْ كَانَ حَلَالًا وَ إِلَّا بِعْتُهَا وَ أَكَلْتُ مِنْ ثَمَنِهَا حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ اللَّهُ بِالْفَرَجِ فَقَالَ لَهَا أَبِي وَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأُعْظِمُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَنْ أَسْأَلَهُ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, and Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Ismail altogether, from Hanaan Bin Sadeyr who said,
‘There was a woman with us in Al-Hayy, and for her is a slave girl, a lamenter. So she came over to my father and said, ‘O uncle! You know that my livelihood is from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, then from this slave girl, the lamenter, and I would love it if you could ask Abu Abdullah-asws about that. So if it was Permissible (fine), or else I would sell her and eat from her price until such time as Allah-azwj Grants me with the relief (alternative source of income)’. So my father said to her, ‘I consider it a big thing that I should ask Abu Abdullah-asws about this question’.
قَالَ فَلَمَّا قَدِمْنَا عَلَيْهِ أَخْبَرْتُهُ أَنَا بِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَ تُشَارِطُ قُلْتُ وَ اللَّهِ مَا أَدْرِي تُشَارِطُ أَمْ لَا فَقَالَ قُلْ لَهَا لَا تُشَارِطُ وَ تَقْبَلُ مَا أُعْطِيَتْ .
He (the narrator) said, ‘So when we proceded to him-asws, I informed him-asws with that, so Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Does she stipulate (a price beforehand)?’ I said, ‘By Allah-azwj! I do not know whether she stipulates or not’. So he-asws said: ‘Tell her not to stipulate, and she can accept whatever is given’.[118]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ عَنْ عُذَافِرٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) وَ قَدْ سُئِلَ عَنْ كَسْبِ النَّائِحَةِ قَالَ تَسْتَحِلُّهُ بِضَرْبِ إِحْدَى يَدَيْهَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَى
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, form Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Al Hassan Bin Atiyya, from Uzafir who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws and he-asws had been asked about earnings of the female lamenter, he-asws said: ‘It is Permissible for her to strike with one hand upon the other’.[119]
باب كَسْبِ الْمَاشِطَةِ وَ الْخَافِضَةِ
Chapter 36 – Earnings of the female hairdresser and the female circumciser
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ الْجَهْمِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لَمَّا هَاجَرَتِ النِّسَاءُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) هَاجَرَتْ فِيهِنَّ امْرَأَةٌ يُقَالُ لَهَا أُمُّ حَبِيبٍ وَ كَانَتْ خَافِضَةً تَخْفِضُ الْجَوَارِيَ فَلَمَّا رَآهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) قَالَ لَهَا يَا أُمَّ حَبِيبٍ الْعَمَلُ الَّذِي كَانَ فِي يَدِكِ هُوَ فِي يَدِكِ الْيَوْمَ قَالَتْ نَعَمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ حَرَاماً فَتَنْهَانِي عَنْهُ فَقَالَ لَا بَلْ حَلَالٌ فَادْنِي مِنِّي حَتَّى أُعَلِّمَكِ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr, from Haroun Bin Al Jaham, from Muhammad Bini Muslim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When the women emigrated to Rasool-Allah-saww, a woman called Umm Habbeb emigrated along with them, and she was a female circumciser, circumcising the girls. So when Rasool-Allah-saww saw her, said to her: ‘O Umm Habeeb! The work which has been in your hands, is it in your hands today (as well)?’ She said, ‘Yes, O Rasool-Allah-saww, unless it happens to be Prohibited, so forbid me from it’. So he-saww said: ‘No, but (it is) Permissible, so approach me-saww until I-saww teach you’.
قَالَتْ فَدَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ يَا أُمَّ حَبِيبٍ إِذَا أَنْتِ فَعَلْتِ فَلَا تَنْهَكِي أَيْ لَا تَسْتَأْصِلِي وَ أَشِمِّي فَإِنَّهُ أَشْرَقُ لِلْوَجْهِ وَ أَحْظَى عِنْدَ الزَّوْجِ
She said, ‘So I approached him-saww, so he-saww said: ‘O Umm Habeeb! Whenever you perform it, so do not overdo it, i.e., do not uproot it (entirely) but to rather scrape it, for it is brightening for the surface and more pleasurable in the presence of the husband’.
قَالَ وَ كَانَ لِأُمِّ حَبِيبٍ أُخْتٌ يُقَالُ لَهَا أُمُّ عَطِيَّةَ وَ كَانَتْ مُقَيِّنَةً يَعْنِي مَاشِطَةً فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَتْ أُمُّ حَبِيبٍ إِلَى أُخْتِهَا أَخْبَرَتْهَا بِمَا قَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَأَقْبَلَتْ أُمُّ عَطِيَّةَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَأَخْبَرَتْهُ بِمَا قَالَتْ لَهَا أُخْتُهَا فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) ادْنِي مِنِّي يَا أُمَّ عَطِيَّةَ إِذَا أَنْتِ قَيَّنْتِ الْجَارِيَةَ فَلَا تَغْسِلِي وَجْهَهَا بِالْخِرْقَةِ فَإِنَّ الْخِرْقَةَ تَشْرَبُ مَاءَ الْوَجْهِ .
He-asws said: ‘And there was a sister for Umm Habeeb called Umm Atiyya, and she was a ladies maid, meaning a hairdresser. So when Umm Habeeb left to go to her sister, she informed her with what Rasool-Allah-saww had said to her. So Umm Atiyya came over to the Prophet-saww and informed him-saww with what her sister had said to her. So Rasool-Allah-saww said to her: ‘Approach me-saww, O Umm Atiyya! Whenever you attend to the girl, so do not wash her face with a rag, for the rag absorbs the water of the face’.[120]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَشْيَمَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ دَخَلَتْ مَاشِطَةٌ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَقَالَ لَهَا هَلْ تَرَكْتِ عَمَلَكِ أَوْ أَقَمْتِ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنَا أَعْمَلُهُ إِلَّا أَنْ تَنْهَانِي عَنْهُ فَأَنْتَهِيَ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ لَهَا افْعَلِي فَإِذَا مَشَطْتِ فَلَا تَجْلِي الْوَجْهَ بِالْخِرَقِ فَإِنَّهَا تَذْهَبُ بِمَاءِ الْوَجْهِ وَ لَا تَصِلِي الشَّعْرَ بِالشَّعْرِ .
Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Ahmad Bin Asheym, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from a man,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘A female hairdresser went over to Rasool-Allah-saww, so he-saww said to her: ‘Have you left your work or are you still established upon it?’ So she said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! I am doing it unless if you-saww forbid me from it, so I shall keep away from it’. So he-saww said to her: ‘So whenever you comb hair, do not polish the face with the rag, for it removes the water of the face, and do not attach the hair (of someone) with the hair (of another one)’.[121]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ مُكْرَمٍ عَنْ سَعْدٍ الْإِسْكَافِ قَالَ سُئِلَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) عَنِ الْقَرَامِلِ الَّتِي تَضَعُهَا النِّسَاءُ فِي رُءُوسِهِنَّ يَصِلْنَهُ بِشُعُورِهِنَّ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ بِمَا تَزَيَّنَتْ بِهِ لِزَوْجِهَا
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Abdul Rahman Bin Abu Hashim, from Salim Bin Mukram, from Sa’ad Al Iskaf who said,
‘Abu Ja’far-asws was asked about the ribbons which the women place in their heads attached to their hairs, so he-asws said: ‘There is no problem for the woman with whatever she adorns herself with for her husband’.
قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) لَعَنَ الْوَاصِلَةَ وَ الْمَوْصُولَةَ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ هُنَاكَ إِنَّمَا لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) الْوَاصِلَةَ الَّتِي تَزْنِي فِي شَبَابِهَا فَلَمَّا كَبِرَتْ قَادَتِ النِّسَاءَ إِلَى الرِّجَالِ فَتِلْكَ الْوَاصِلَةُ وَ الْمَوْصُولَةُ .
He (the narrator) said, ‘So I said to him-asws, ‘It has reached us that Rasool-Allah-saww cursed the connector (hair dresser) and the connected (client)’. So he-asws said: ‘It is not over there (what you are thinking it to be). But rather, Rasool-Allah-saww cursed the connector (hair dresser) who used to commit adultery during her youth, so when she grew older, she led the women to the men (for adultery), so that is the connector and the connected (who are cursed)’.[122]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ عَنْ خَلَفِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ ثَابِتٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ كَانَتِ امْرَأَةٌ يُقَالُ لَهَا أُمُّ طَيْبَةَ تَخْفِضُ الْجَوَارِيَ فَدَعَاهَا النَّبِيُّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَقَالَ لَهَا يَا أُمَّ طَيْبَةَ إِذَا خَفَضْتِ الْجَوَارِيَ فَأَشِمِّي وَ لَا تُجْحِفِي فَإِنَّهُ أَصْفَى لِلَوْنِ الْوَجْهِ وَ أَحْظَى عِنْدَ الْبَعْلِ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ali Bin Asbaat, from Khalaf Bin Hammad, from Amro Bin Sabit,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘There used to be a woman called Umm Tayba who used to circumcise the girls. So the Prophet-saww called her over and said to her: ‘O Umm Tayba! Whenever you circumcise the girls, so scrape (a little) and not not overdo it, for it is cleaner for the surface complexion and more pleasurable in presence of the husband’.[123]
باب كَسْبِ الْمُغَنِّيَةِ وَ شِرَائِهَا
Chapter 37 – Earnings of the female singer and her procurement
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ كَسْبِ الْمُغَنِّيَاتِ فَقَالَ الَّتِي يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهَا الرِّجَالُ حَرَامٌ وَ الَّتِي تُدْعَى إِلَى الْأَعْرَاسِ لَيْسَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ .
A number of our companions, form Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from Abu Baseer who said,
‘I asked Abu Ja’far-asws about earning of the singers, so he-asws said: ‘(That singing) at which the men come over to her for is Prohibited, and (that singing) which she is invited to the weddings, there is no problem with it, and these are the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic [31:6] And from the people is one who buys amusing discourse to lead astray from Allah’s Way without knowledge’.[124]
عَنْهُ عَنْ حَكَمٍ الْحَنَّاطِ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ الْمُغَنِّيَةُ الَّتِي تَزُفُّ الْعَرَائِسَ لَا بَأْسَ بِكَسْبِهَا
From him, from Hakam Al Hannat, from Abu Baseer,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The female singer who attends the weddings, there is no problem with her earnings’.[125]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ الْحُرِّ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَجْرُ الْمُغَنِّيَةِ الَّتِي تَزُفُّ الْعَرَائِسَ لَيْسَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ لَيْسَتْ بِالَّتِي يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهَا الرِّجَالُ .
Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Al Nazar Bin Suweyd, from Yahya Al halby, from Ayoub Bin Al Hurr, from Abu Baseer who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘The wages of the female singer who attends the weddings, there is no problem with it, not being that which the men come over to her for’.[126]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْوَشَّاءِ قَالَ سُئِلَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ شِرَاءِ الْمُغَنِّيَةِ فَقَالَ قَدْ تَكُونُ لِلرَّجُلِ الْجَارِيَةُ تُلْهِيهِ وَ مَا ثَمَنُهَا إِلَّا ثَمَنُ كَلْبٍ وَ ثَمَنُ الْكَلْبِ سُحْتٌ وَ السُّحْتُ فِي النَّارِ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Al Washa who said,
‘Abu Al-Hassan Al-Reza-asws about procuring the female singer, so he-asws said: ‘The slave girl (singer) of the man is a distraction for him, and what is her price except for the price of a dog, and a price of the dog is and ill-gotten earning, and the ill-gotten earner is in the Fire’.[127]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الطَّاهِرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْجَوَارِي الْمُغَنِّيَاتِ فَقَالَ شِرَاؤُهُنَّ وَ بَيْعُهُنَّ حَرَامٌ وَ تَعْلِيمُهُنَّ كُفْرٌ وَ اسْتِمَاعُهُنَّ نِفَاقٌ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad and Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, altogether from Ibn Fazzal, from Saeed Bin Muhammad Al Tahiry, from his father,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘A man asked him-asws about selling the slave girl (singer), so he-asws said: ‘Buying them and selling them is Prohibited, and teaching them is disbelief, and listening to them is hypocrisy’.[128]
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ نَصْرِ بْنِ قَابُوسَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ الْمُغَنِّيَةُ مَلْعُونَةٌ مَلْعُونٌ مَنْ أَكَلَ كَسْبَهَا .
Abu Ali Al Ashsary, from Al Hassan Biin Ali, from Is’haq Bin Ibrahim, from Nasr Bin Qabous who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘The female singer is an accursed woman, and accursed is the one who consumes her earnings’.[129]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي الْبِلَادِ قَالَ أَوْصَى إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عِنْدَ وَفَاتِهِ بِجَوَارٍ لَهُ مُغَنِّيَاتٍ أَنْ نَبِيعَهُنَّ وَ نَحْمِلَ ثَمَنَهُنَّ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام )
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from one of his companions, from Muhammad Bin Ismail, form Ibrahim Bin Abu Al Balaad who said,
‘Is’haq Bin Umar bequeathed at the time of his death with the selling of his slave girl singers that we should sell them and carry their price over to Abu Al-Hassan-asws.
قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ فَبِعْتُ الْجَوَارِيَ بِثَلَاثِمِائَةِ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ حَمَلْتُ الثَّمَنَ إِلَيْهِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّ مَوْلًى لَكَ يُقَالُ لَهُ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عُمَرَ قَدْ أَوْصَى عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ بِبَيْعِ جَوَارٍ لَهُ مُغَنِّيَاتٍ وَ حَمْلِ الثَّمَنِ إِلَيْكَ وَ قَدْ بِعْتُهُنَّ وَ هَذَا الثَّمَنُ ثَلَاثُمِائَةِ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ فَقَالَ لَا حَاجَةَ لِي فِيهِ إِنَّ هَذَا سُحْتٌ وَ تَعْلِيمَهُنَّ كُفْرٌ وَ الِاسْتِمَاعَ مِنْهُنَّ نِفَاقٌ وَ ثَمَنَهُنَّ سُحْتٌ .
Ibrahim (the narrator) said, ‘So I sold the slave girls for three hundred thousand Dirhams, and carried the price to him-asws, so I said to him-asws, ‘One in your-asws Wilayah, called Is’haq Bin Umar has bequeathed at the time of his death for the selling of his singer slave girls and deliver the price over to you-asws, and I have sold them, and this is the price, three hundred thousand Dirhams’. So he-asws said: ‘There is no need for me-asws with regards to it. This is an ill-gotten gain, teaching them is disbelief, and listening from them is hypocrisy, and their price is an ill-gotten gain’.[130]
باب كَسْبِ الْمُعَلِّمِ
Chapter 38 – Earnings of the teacher
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ بَزِيعٍ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ عَنْ حَسَّانَ الْمُعَلِّمِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنِ التَّعْلِيمِ فَقَالَ لَا تَأْخُذْ عَلَى التَّعْلِيمِ أَجْراً قُلْتُ الشِّعْرُ وَ الرَّسَائِلُ وَ مَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ أُشَارِطُ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَكُونَ الصِّبْيَانُ عِنْدَكَ سَوَاءً فِي التَّعْلِيمِ لَا تُفَضِّلُ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Ismail Bin Bazie, from Al Fazl Bin Kaseer, from Hassan Al Muallam who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the teaching, so he-asws said: ‘Do not take the recompense upon the teaching’. I said, ‘The poetry, and the letter writing and what resembles that, stipulating (a price) upon it?’ He-asws said: ‘Yes, after there happen to be children in your presence, (treat them) equal in the teaching, not preferring some over the others’.[131]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بُنْدَارَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ شَرِيفِ بْنِ سَابِقٍ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ أَبِي قُرَّةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) هَؤُلَاءِ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ كَسْبَ الْمُعَلِّمِ سُحْتٌ فَقَالَ كَذَبُوا أَعْدَاءُ اللَّهِ إِنَّمَا أَرَادُوا أَنْ لَا يُعَلِّمُوا الْقُرْآنَ وَ لَوْ أَنَّ الْمُعَلِّمَ أَعْطَاهُ رَجُلٌ دِيَةَ وَلَدِهِ لَكَانَ لِلْمُعَلِّمِ مُبَاحاً .
Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Bundar, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from Shareef Bin Sabiq, from Al Fazl Bin Abu qurra who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘They (people) are saying that the earnings of the teacher is an ill-gotten gain’. So he-asws said: ‘They are lying, enemies of Allah-azwj! But rather, they are intending that they (teachers) should not be teaching the Quran, and if the teacher is given by a man wergild of his child, it would be Permissible’.[132]
باب بَيْعِ الْمَصَاحِفِ
Chapter 39 – Selling the Parchment (Holy Quran)
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّ الْمَصَاحِفَ لَنْ تُشْتَرَى فَإِذَا اشْتَرَيْتَ فَقُلْ إِنَّمَا أَشْتَرِي مِنْكَ الْوَرَقَ وَ مَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْأَدَمِ وَ حِلْيَتِهِ وَ مَا فِيهِ مِنْ عَمَلِ يَدِكَ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Abdullah Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Aban, from Abdul Rahman Bin Suleyman,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I heard him-asws saying: ‘The Parchment (Holy Quran) must never be bought (for a price). So whenever you (have to) buy, so say, ‘But rather I am buying from you the paper and whatever is therein from the cover and its decor and whatever is in it from the work of your hands (printing etc.), for such and such (an amount)’.[133]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْمَصَاحِفِ وَ شِرَائِهَا فَقَالَ لَا تَشْتَرِ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ لَكِنِ اشْتَرِ الْحَدِيدَ وَ الْوَرَقَ وَ الدَّفَّتَيْنِ وَ قُلْ أَشْتَرِي مِنْكَ هَذَا بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Usman Bin Isa, from Sama’at,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I asked him-asws about selling of the Parchments (copies of the Holy Quran) and buying them, so he-asws said: ‘Do not buy the Book of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, but buy the iron (ink pigment), and the paper, and the two covers, and say, ‘I am buying this from you for such and such (an amount)’.[134]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ غَالِبِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ رَوْحِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ شِرَاءِ الْمَصَاحِفِ وَ بَيْعِهَا فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ يُوضَعُ الْوَرَقُ عِنْدَ الْمِنْبَرِ وَ كَانَ مَا بَيْنَ الْمِنْبَرِ وَ الْحَائِطِ قَدْرَ مَا تَمُرُّ الشَّاةُ أَوْ رَجُلٌ مُنْحَرِفٌ
Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazzal, from Ghalib Bin Usman, from Rawh Bin Abdul Raheem,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I asked him-asws about buying the Parchments (copies of the Holy Quran) and selling them, so he-asws said: ‘But rather, the pages used to be placed by the Pulpit, and (the space) which was between the Pulpit and the wall was a measurement of what the sheep could pass through, or a man walking sideways’.
قَالَ فَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَأْتِي وَ يَكْتُبُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمُ اشْتَرَوْا بَعْدَ [ذَلِكَ] قُلْتُ فَمَا تَرَى فِي ذَلِكَ قَالَ لِي أَشْتَرِي أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَبِيعَهُ قُلْتُ فَمَا تَرَى أَنْ أُعْطِيَ عَلَى كِتَابَتِهِ أَجْراً قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ وَ لَكِنْ هَكَذَا كَانُوا يَصْنَعُونَ .
He-asws said: ‘The man used to come over and write down from that, then he would be selling it (his copy) after that’. I said, ‘So what is your-asws view with regards to that’. He-asws said: ‘Buying is more beloved to me-asws than if I-asws were to sell it’. I said, ‘So what is your-asws view if I were to give a recompense upon its writing it’. He-asws said: ‘There is no problem, but this is how they were doing (in those days)’.[135]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ عَنْ سَابِقٍ السِّنْدِيِّ عَنْ عَنْبَسَةَ الْوَرَّاقِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَقُلْتُ أَنَا رَجُلٌ أَبِيعُ الْمَصَاحِفَ فَإِنْ نَهَيْتَنِي لَمْ أَبِعْهَا فَقَالَ أَ لَسْتَ تَشْتَرِي وَرَقاً وَ تَكْتُبُ فِيهِ قُلْتُ بَلَى وَ أُعَالِجُهَا قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهَا .
Ali Bin Muhammad, form Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from Muhammad Bin Ali, from Abdul Rahman Bin Abu Hashim, from Sabiq Al Sandy, from Anbasar Al Warraq who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws, so I said, ‘I am a man who sells the Parchments (copies of the Holy Quran). So if you-asws were to forbid me, I would not sell these’. So he-asws said: ‘Are you not buying the papers and writing in these?’ I said, ‘Yes, and I prepare these (in a book form)’. He-asws said: ‘There is no problem with it’.[136]
باب الْقِمَارِ وَ النُّهْبَةِ
Chapter 40 – The Gambling and the Plundering
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ عِيسَى وَ هُوَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ الْحَذَّاءُ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ لا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْباطِلِ فَقَالَ كَانَتْ قُرَيْشٌ تُقَامِرُ الرَّجُلَ بِأَهْلِهِ وَ مَالِهِ فَنَهَاهُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَنْ ذَلِكَ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al hakam, from Sayf Bin Ameyra, from Ziyad Bin Isa and he is Abu Ubeyda Al Haza’a who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic [2:188] And do not swallow up your property among yourselves by false means. So he-asws said: ‘The Qureysh man used to gamble with his family and his wealth, so Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Fobade them from that’.[137]
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لَمَّا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَ الْمَيْسِرُ وَ الْأَنْصابُ وَ الْأَزْلامُ رِجْسٌ مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطانِ فَاجْتَنِبُوهُ قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الْمَيْسِرُ فَقَالَ كُلُّ مَا تُقُومِرَ بِهِ حَتَّى الْكِعَابُ وَ الْجَوْزُ قِيلَ فَمَا الْأَنْصَابُ قَالَ مَا ذَبَحُوهُ لآِلِهَتِهِمْ قِيلَ فَمَا الْأَزْلَامُ قَالَ قِدَاحُهُمُ الَّتِي يَسْتَقْسِمُونَ بِهَا .
Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Ahmad Bin Al Nazar, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘When Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed unto Rasool-Allah-saww [5:90] O you who believe! But rather the Intoxicants and games of chance and (sacrificing to) stones set up and (dividing by) arrows are only an uncleanness, the Satan’s work; therefore keep away from it, it was said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! What are games of chance?’ So he-saww said: ‘Whatever is gambled with, even if it is the cooked food and the walnuts’. It was said, ‘So what are the stones set up?’ He-saww said: ‘Whatever is sacrificed for their gods’. It was said, ‘So what the dividing arrows?’ He-saww said: ‘Their flints (iron bars to stoke the fire with) which they used to do their apportionments with’.[138]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) لَا يَزْنِي الزَّانِي حِينَ يَزْنِي وَ هُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ وَ لَا يَسْرِقُ السَّارِقُ حِينَ يَسْرِقُ وَ هُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ وَ لَا يَنْهَبُ نُهْبَةً ذَاتَ شَرَفٍ حِينَ يَنْهَبُهَا وَ هُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Abu Al Jaroud who said,
‘I heard Abu Ja’far-asws saying: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘An adulterer would not commit adultery while he is a Believer, when he does commit adultery (he losses his faith at that very point),; and a thief does not steal when he does steal while he is a Believer; and a plunderer does not plunder with honour when he plunders it while he is a Believer’.
قَالَ ابْنُ سِنَانٍ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْجَارُودِ وَ مَا نُهْبَةٌ ذَاتُ شَرَفٍ قَالَ نَحْوُ مَا صَنَعَ حَاتِمٌ حِينَ قَالَ مَنْ أَخَذَ شَيْئاً فَهُوَ لَهُ .
Ibn Sinan said, ‘I said to Abu Al-Jaroud, ‘And what is plundering with honour?’ He said, ‘Approximately what Hatim did when he said that anyone who takes something so it is for him’.[139]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ( عليهما السلام ) قَالَ لَا تَصْلُحُ الْمُقَامَرَةُ وَ لَا النُّهْبَةُ.
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Safwan, from Al A’ala, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
(It has been narrated) from one of the two (5th or 6th Imam-asws) having said: ‘It is not correct, neither the gambling nor the plundering’.[140]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ كَانَ يَنْهَى عَنِ الْجَوْزِ يَجِيءُ بِهِ الصِّبْيَانُ مِنَ الْقِمَارِ أَنْ يُؤْكَلَ وَ قَالَ هُوَ سُحْتٌ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘He-asws used to fobid from the walnuts to be eaten when the children used to come with these from the gambling, and said: ‘It is an ill-gotten gain’.[141]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنِ الْعَمْرَكِيِّ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ النِّثَارِ مِنَ السُّكَّرِ وَ اللَّوْزِ وَ أَشْبَاهِهِ أَ يَحِلُّ أَكْلُهُ قَالَ يُكْرَهُ أَكْلُ مَا انْتُهِبَ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Al Amraky Bin Ali,
(It has been narrated) from Ali son of Ja’far-asws, from his brother-asws Abu Al-Hassan-asws, said, ‘I asked him-asws about the confetti of the sugar and the hazel-nuts, and its like, is it Permissible to eat it?’ He-asws said: ‘It is disliked to eat what is seized’.[142]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) الْإِمْلَاكُ يَكُونُ وَ الْعُرْسُ فَيُنْثَرُ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ فَقَالَ حَرَامٌ وَ لَكِنْ مَا أَعْطَوْكَ مِنْهُ فَخُذْهُ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from Muhammad Bin Ali, from Abdullah Bin Jabala, from Is’haq Bin Ammar who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘The events which take place and the weddings, so they throw (food items) upon the people’. So he-asws said: ‘Prohibited, but whatever is given to you, so take from it’.[143]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ الْمَيْسِرُ هُوَ الْقِمَارُ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Al Washa,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Al-Hassan-asws, said, ‘I heard him-asws saying: ‘The game of chance, it is the gambling’.[144]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ النَّهْدِيِّ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) الصِّبْيَانُ يَلْعَبُونَ بِالْجَوْزِ وَ الْبَيْضِ وَ يُقَامِرُونَ فَقَالَ لَا تَأْكُلْ مِنْهُ فَإِنَّهُ حَرَامٌ .
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Al Nahdy, from Yaqoub Bin Yazeed, from Abdullah Bin Jabala, from Is’haq Bin Ammar who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘The children are playing with the walnuts and the eggs and are gambling (with these)’. So he-asws said: ‘Do not eat from it, for it is Prohibited’.[145]
باب الْمَكَاسِبِ الْحَرَامِ
Chapter 41 – The Prohibited earnings
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) إِنَّ أَخْوَفَ مَا أَخَافُ عَلَى أُمَّتِي مِنْ بَعْدِي هَذِهِ الْمَكَاسِبُ الْحَرَامُ وَ الشَّهْوَةُ الْخَفِيَّةِ وَ الرِّبَا .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from his father, from the one who mentioned it,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The most scary things of what I-saww fear upon my-saww community from after me-saww are these Prohibited earnings, and the concealed (veiled) lustful desires and the usury’.[146]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ السِّنْدِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ عَنْ عِيسَى الْفَرَّاءِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ أَرْبَعَةٌ لَا يَجُزْنَ فِي أَرْبَعٍ الْخِيَانَةُ وَ الْغُلُولُ وَ السَّرِقَةُ وَ الرِّبَا لَا يَجُزْنَ فِي حَجٍّ وَ لَا عُمْرَةٍ وَ لَا جِهَادٍ وَ لَا صَدَقَةٍ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Salih Bin Al Sandy, from Ja’far Bin Basheer, from isa Al Farra, from Aban Bin Usman,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Four would not be allowed (into Paradise and) regarding (those) four – the betrayal, and the excessiveness, and the theft, and the usury, these are not allowed during Hajj, nor Umrah, nor Jihaad, nor charity’.[147]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِذَا اكْتَسَبَ الرَّجُلُ مَالًا مِنْ غَيْرِ حِلِّهِ ثُمَّ حَجَّ فَلَبَّى نُودِيَ لَا لَبَّيْكَ وَ لَا سَعْدَيْكَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ مِنْ حِلِّهِ فَلَبَّى نُودِيَ لَبَّيْكَ وَ سَعْدَيْكَ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazzal, from Ibn Bukeyr, from the one who mentioned it,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When the man amasses wealth from other than Permissible means, then he performs Hajj, so he exclaims Talbiyya (Labbayk Allahumma Labbeyk), a call comes: ‘There is neither any service for you nor any support; and if it was from Permissible means, so he exclaims Talbiyya, a call comes: ‘There is service for you and help for you’.[148]
أَحْمَدُ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ كَسْبُ الْحَرَامِ يَبِينُ فِي الذُّرِّيَّةِ.
Ahmad, from Ibn Fazzal, from Ibn Bukeyr, from Ubeyd Bin Zurara,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The Prohibited earnings would manifest (show their bad effect) inteself in the offsprings’.[149]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ أَتَى رَجُلٌ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( صلوات الله عليه ) فَقَالَ إِنِّي كَسَبْتُ مَالًا أَغْمَضْتُ فِي مَطَالِبِهِ حَلَالًا وَ حَرَاماً وَ قَدْ أَرَدْتُ التَّوْبَةَ وَ لَا أَدْرِي الْحَلَالَ مِنْهُ وَ الْحَرَامَ وَ قَدِ اخْتَلَطَ عَلَيَّ فَقَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) تَصَدَّقْ بِخُمُسِ مَالِكَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ اسْمُهُ رَضِيَ مِنَ الْأَشْيَاءِ بِالْخُمُسِ وَ سَائِرُ الْأَمْوَالِ لَكَ حَلَالٌ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘A man came over to Amir Al-Momineen-asws so he said, ‘I earned wealth, closing my eyes in seeking it, Permissible and Prohibited, and I have intended the repentance, and I do not know the Permissible from it and the Prohibited and it has been mixed up upon me’. So Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘Give in charity by a fifth of your wealth, so if Allah-azwj, Majestic is His-azwj Name, is Pleased from the things with the fifth, and the rest of the wealth would be Permissible for you’.[150]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَاسَانِيِّ عَنْ رَجُلٍ سَمَّاهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ الْجَعْفَرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ تَشَوَّفَتِ الدُّنْيَا لِقَوْمٍ حَلَالًا مَحْضاً فَلَمْ يُرِيدُوهَا فَدَرَجُوا ثُمَّ تَشَوَّفَتْ لِقَوْمٍ حَلَالًا وَ شُبْهَةً فَقَالُوا لَا حَاجَةَ لَنَا فِي الشُّبْهَةِ وَ تَوَسَّعُوا مِنَ الْحَلَالِ ثُمَّ تَشَوَّفَتْ لِقَوْمٍ آخَرِينَ حَرَاماً وَ شُبْهَةً فَقَالُوا لَا حَاجَةَ لَنَا فِي الْحَرَامِ وَ تَوَسَّعُوا فِي الشُّبْهَةِ ثُمَّ تَشَوَّفَتْ لِقَوْمٍ حَرَاماً مَحْضاً فَيَطْلُبُونَهَا فَلَا يَجِدُونَهَا وَ الْمُؤْمِنُ فِي الدُّنْيَا يَأْكُلُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْمُضْطَرِّ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ali Bin Muhammad Al Qasany, from a man who heard it from Abdullah Bin Al Qasim Al Ja’fary,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The world yearned for (enticing) a people by purely Permissible means but they did not want it, so they passed by. Then it yearned for (enticing) a people by Permissible and doubtful means, so they said, ‘There is no need for us with regards to the doubtful’, and they elaborated from the Permissible. Then it yearned for (enticing) another people by Prohibited and the doubtful means, so they said, ‘There is no need for us regarding the Prohibited’, and they elaborated in the doubtful. Then it yearned for (enticing) a people by purely Prohibited means, so they sought it, but they could not find (achieve) it – and the Believers in the world consume at the status of the desperation (only if they have to, not out of choice)’.[151]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ دَاوُدَ الصَّرْمِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) يَا دَاوُدُ إِنَّ الْحَرَامَ لَا يَنْمِي وَ إِنْ نَمَى لَا يُبَارَكُ لَهُ فِيهِ وَ مَا أَنْفَقَهُ لَمْ يُؤْجَرْ عَلَيْهِ وَ مَا خَلَّفَهُ كَانَ زَادَهُ إِلَى النَّارِ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from the one who mentioned it, from Dawood Al Sarmy who said,
‘Abu Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘O Dawood! The Prohibited (earnings) do not flourish, and if they do florish, there are no Blessings for it therein, and whatever he spends he is not Recompensed over it, and whatever he leaves behind, it would be his provision to the Fire’.[152]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ كَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ ( عليه السلام ) رَجُلٌ اشْتَرَى مِنْ رَجُلٍ ضَيْعَةً أَوْ خَادِماً بِمَالٍ أَخَذَهُ مِنْ قَطْعِ الطَّرِيقِ أَوْ مِنْ سَرِقَةٍ هَلْ يَحِلُّ لَهُ مَا يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ ثَمَرَةِ هَذِهِ الضَّيْعَةِ أَوْ يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَطَأَ هَذَا الْفَرْجَ الَّذِي اشْتَرَاهُ مِنَ السَّرِقَةِ أَوْ مِنْ قَطْعِ الطَّرِيقِ فَوَقَّعَ ( عليه السلام ) لَا خَيْرَ فِي شَيْءٍ أَصْلُهُ حَرَامٌ وَ لَا يَحِلُّ اسْتِعْمَالُهُ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya said,
‘Muhammad Bin Al-Hassan wrote to Abu Muhammad-asws, ‘A man bought a place or a maid from a man with wealth, taking it from the one who cut off the road (bandit), or from one who stole. Is it Permissible for him what would come upon him from the fruits of this place, or is it Permissible for him that he copulates with this one which he bought from the thief, or from the one who cut off the road (bandit)’. So he-asws signed: ‘There is no good in anything the origin of which is Prohibited, and there is no Permissibility of utilising it’.[153]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَصَابَ مَالًا مِنْ عَمَلِ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ وَ هُوَ يَتَصَدَّقُ مِنْهُ وَ يَصِلُ مِنْهُ قَرَابَتَهُ وَ يَحُجُّ لِيُغْفَرَ لَهُ مَا اكْتَسَبَ وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ إِنَّ الْحَسَناتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئاتِ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Abu Ayoub, from Sama’at who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about a man who attained wealth from working for the Clan of Umayya and he was giving in charity from it and maintaining relationships with his relatives from it, and performing Hajj in order to be Forgiven for it, what he had earned, and he is saying, ‘The good deeds remove the evils deeds’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنَّ الْخَطِيئَةَ لَا تُكَفِّرُ الْخَطِيئَةَ وَ لَكِنَّ الْحَسَنَةَ تَحُطُّ الْخَطِيئَةَ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ خَلَطَ الْحَلَالَ بِالْحَرَامِ فَاخْتَلَطَا جَمِيعاً فَلَا يَعْرِفُ الْحَلَالَ مِنَ الْحَرَامِ فَلَا بَأْسَ .
So Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘The errors do not expiate the errors, but the good deeds expiate the errors’. Then he-asws said: ‘If the Permissible was mixed up with the Prohibited (wealth), so the entirety of it was mixed up, and the Permissible is no longer recognised from the Prohibited, so there is no problem’.[154]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمَّادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ قَدِمْنا إِلى ما عَمِلُوا مِنْ عَمَلٍ فَجَعَلْناهُ هَباءً مَنْثُوراً فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ لَأَشَدَّ بَيَاضاً مِنَ الْقَبَاطِيِّ فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهَا كُونِي هَبَاءً وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا إِذَا شُرِعَ لَهُمُ الْحَرَامُ أَخَذُوهُ .
Ali Bin Muhammad, form Salih Bin Abu Hammad, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from one of his companions,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of the Mighty and Majestic [25:23] And We will proceed to what they have done of deeds, so We shall render them as scattered floating dust. So he-asws said: ‘Even if their deeds were intensely whiter than the tapestries, so Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic would be Saying to these: “Be floating dust!”, and that is because whenever the Prohibited means was displayed unto them, they grabbed it’.[155]
باب السُّحْتِ
Chapter 42 – The Ill-gotten Gains
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) عَنِ الْغُلُولِ قَالَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ غُلَّ مِنَ الْإِمَامِ فَهُوَ سُحْتٌ وَ أَكْلُ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ وَ شِبْهُهُ سُحْتٌ وَ السُّحْتُ أَنْوَاعٌ كَثِيرَةٌ مِنْهَا أُجُورُ الْفَوَاجِرِ وَ ثَمَنُ الْخَمْرِ وَ النَّبِيذِ الْمُسْكِرِ وَ الرِّبَا بَعْدَ الْبَيِّنَةِ فَأَمَّا الرِّشَا فِي الْحُكْمِ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ الْكُفْرُ بِاللَّهِ الْعَظِيمِ وَ بِرَسُولِهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad and Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Ibn Raib, from Ammar Bin Marwaan who said,
‘I asked Abu Ja’far-asws about the fraud. He-asws said: ‘Whatever is defrauded from the Imam-asws so it is an ill-gotten gain, and consuming the wealth of the orphans and its like is an ill-gotten gain. And the ill-gotten gains are of many types; from these are the payments for the immoralities, and price of the wine and Al-Nabeez the intoxicant, and the usury after the proof. So as for the bribe regarding the judgement, so that is the disbelief in Allah-azwj the Magnificent and His-azwj Rasool-saww’.[156]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ السُّحْتُ ثَمَنُ الْمَيْتَةِ وَ ثَمَنُ الْكَلْبِ وَ ثَمَنُ الْخَمْرِ وَ مَهْرُ الْبَغِيِّ وَ الرِّشْوَةُ فِي الْحُكْمِ وَ أَجْرُ الْكَاهِنِ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The ill-gotten gain is the price of the deceased, and price of the dog, and the price of the wine, and a dowry of the prostitute, and the bribe regarding the judgement, and the payment of the soothsayer’.[157]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الْجَامُورَانِيِّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ زُرْعَةَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) السُّحْتُ أَنْوَاعٌ كَثِيرَةٌ مِنْهَا كَسْبُ الْحَجَّامِ إِذَا شَارَطَ وَ أَجْرُ الزَّانِيَةِ وَ ثَمَنُ الْخَمْرِ فَأَمَّا الرِّشَا فِي الْحُكْمِ فَهُوَ الْكُفْرُ بِاللَّهِ الْعَظِيمِ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from Al Jamourany, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from Zurara, from Sama’at who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘The ill-gotten gains are of numerous varieties; from these are the earning of the cupper when he stipulates (a price), and payments of the adulteress, and price of the wine. So as for the bribe regarding the judgement, so it is the disbelief in Allah-azwj the Magnificent’.[158]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ فَرْقَدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ السُّحْتِ فَقَالَ الرِّشَا فِي الْحُكْمِ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Ibn Muskan, from Yazeed Bin Farqad,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I asked him-asws about the ill-gotten gain, so he-asws said: ‘The bribe regarding the judgement’.[159]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بُنْدَارَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ الْعَمَّارِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَصَمِّ عَنْ مِسْمَعِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْعَامِرِيِّ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ ثَمَنِ الْكَلْبِ الَّذِي لَا يَصِيدُ فَقَالَ سُحْتٌ فَأَمَّا الصَّيُودُ فَلَا بَأْسَ .
Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Bundar, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from Muhammad Bin Ali, from Abdul Rahman Bin Abu Hashim, from Al Qasim Bin Al Waleed Al Ammary, from Abdul Rahman Al Asamma, from Misma’a Bin Abdul Malik, from Abu Abdulla Al Amiry who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the price of the dog which does not hunt, so he-asws said: ‘An ill-gotten gain. So as for the hunters, so there is no problem’.[160]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمَّادٍ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ عَنِ الشَّعِيرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَنْ بَاتَ سَاهِراً فِي كَسْبٍ وَ لَمْ يُعْطِ الْعَيْنَ حَظَّهَا مِنَ النَّوْمِ فَكَسْبُهُ ذَلِكَ حَرَامٌ .
Ali Bin Muhammad, form Salih Bin Abu Hammad, from someone else, from Al Shairy,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The one who spends the night in wakefulness regarding the earnings and does not give the eyes its share from the sleep, so his earning that is Prohibited’.[161]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ شَمُّونٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَصَمِّ عَنْ مِسْمَعِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ الصُّنَّاعُ إِذَا سَهِرُوا اللَّيْلَ كُلَّهُ فَهُوَ سُحْتٌ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Shamoun, from Abdullah Bin Abdul Rahman Al Asamma, from Misma’a Bin Abdul Malik,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The manufacturer, when he is awake the whole night, so it is an ill-gotten gain (his manfucturing)’.[162]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) عَنْ كَسْبِ الْإِمَاءِ فَإِنَّهَا إِنْ لَمْ تَجِدْ زَنَتْ إِلَّا أَمَةً قَدْ عُرِفَتْ بِصَنْعَةِ يَدٍ وَ نَهَى عَنْ كَسْبِ الْغُلَامِ الَّذِي لَا يُحْسِنُ صِنَاعَةً بِيَدِهِ فَإِنَّهُ إِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ سَرَقَ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww forbade from earnings of the slave girls, for if they do not find (earning) they commit adultery, except for a slave girl who knows the handiwork (craft); and forbade from the earnings of the slave boy who is not good at handiwork, so if he does not find (earning), he steals’.[163]
باب أَكْلِ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ
Chapter 43 – Devouring the wealth of the orphans
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَوْعَدَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ بِعُقُوبَتَيْنِ إِحْدَاهُمَا عُقُوبَةُ الْآخِرَةِ النَّارُ وَ أَمَّا عُقُوبَةُ الدُّنْيَا فَقَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ لْيَخْشَ الَّذِينَ لَوْ تَرَكُوا مِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّةً ضِعافاً خافُوا عَلَيْهِمْ الْآيَةَ يَعْنِي لِيَخْشَ أَنْ أَخْلُفَهُ فِي ذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا صَنَعَ بِهَؤُلَاءِ الْيَتَامَى .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Usman Bin Is, from Sama’at who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Prepared with regards to the wealth of the orphans, two Punishments, one of the two being the Fire in the Hereafter; and as for the Punishment in the world, so these are the Words of the Mighty and Majestic [4:9] And let those fear who, should they leave behind them weakly offspring, would fear on their account – the Verse; Meaning, let him fear that if he leaves behind his offspring they would be treated by them like the orphans’.[164]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ عَجْلَانَ أَبِي صَالِحٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ أَكْلِ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ فَقَالَ هُوَ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوالَ الْيَتامى ظُلْماً إِنَّما يَأْكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ ناراً وَ سَيَصْلَوْنَ سَعِيراً
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Salim, from Ajlan Abu Salih who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about devouring the wealth of the orphans, so he-asws said: ‘It is as Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Said that [4:10] (As for) those who swallow the property of the orphans unjustly, but rather they only swallow fire into their bellies and they shall arriving at the Blazing Fire’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ ( عليه السلام ) مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ أَسْأَلَهُ مَنْ عَالَ يَتِيماً حَتَّى يَنْقَطِعَ يُتْمُهُ أَوْ يَسْتَغْنِيَ بِنَفْسِهِ أَوْجَبَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهُ الْجَنَّةَ كَمَا أَوْجَبَ النَّارَ لِمَنْ أَكَلَ مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ .
Then he-asws said without I having asked him-asws: ‘The one who shelters an orphan until his orphan-hood is cut off, or he becomes self-sufficient, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic would Obligate the Paradise for him just as He-azwj Obligated the Fire for the one who devours the wealth of the orphans’.[165]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ فِي يَدِهِ مَالٌ لِأَيْتَامٍ فَيَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ فَيَمُدُّ يَدَهُ فَيَأْخُذُهُ وَ يَنْوِي أَنْ يَرُدَّهُ فَقَالَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ إِلَّا الْقَصْدَ لَا يُسْرِفُ فَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ نِيَّتِهِ أَنْ لَا يَرُدَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَهُوَ بِالْمَنْزِلِ الَّذِي قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوالَ الْيَتامى ظُلْماً .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr who said,
‘I asked Abu Al Hassan-asws about the man who happens to have the wealth of the orphan in his hands, so he is needy to it and he extends his hand and takes it, and he intends to return it, so he-asws said: ‘It is not befitting for him that he consumes except in moderation not being extravagant. So if it was from his intention that he would not be returning it upon them, so he would be at the status of those for whom Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Says [4:10] (As for) those who swallow the property of the orphans unjustly’.[166]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْكَاهِلِيِّ قَالَ قِيلَ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنَّا نَدْخُلُ عَلَى أَخٍ لَنَا فِي بَيْتِ أَيْتَامٍ وَ مَعَهُمْ خَادِمٌ لَهُمْ فَنَقْعُدُ عَلَى بِسَاطِهِمْ وَ نَشْرَبُ مِنْ مَائِهِمْ وَ يَخْدُمُنَا خَادِمُهُمْ وَ رُبَّمَا طَعِمْنَا فِيهِ الطَّعَامَ مِنْ عِنْدِ صَاحِبِنَا وَ فِيهِ مِنْ طَعَامِهِمْ فَمَا تَرَى فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ فِي دُخُولِكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ مَنْفَعَةٌ لَهُمْ فَلَا بَأْسَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ فِيهِ ضَرَرٌ فَلَا
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al hakam, from Abdullah Bin Yahya Al kahily who said,
‘I was said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘We tend to go over to a brother of ours in a house of orphans, and with them is a servant of their. So we sit on their furnishings, and we drink from their water, and their servant serves us, and something we eat the meal therein with our companions, and therein is from their food (as well). So what is your-asws view regarding that?’ So he-asws said: ‘If in their going over to them is beneficial for them (orphans), so there is no problem, and if there was harm in it, so no!’
وَ قَالَ ( عليه السلام ) بَلِ الْإِنْسانُ عَلى نَفْسِهِ بَصِيرَةٌ فَأَنْتُمْ لَا يَخْفَى عَلَيْكُمْ وَ قَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ إِنْ تُخالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوانُكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَ اللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ الْمُفْسِدَ مِنَ الْمُصْلِحِ .
And he-asws said: ‘But the human being is an overlooker upon himself, and it is not concealed upon you all and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Said [2:220] and if you intermingle with them, so they are your brethren; and Allah Knows the mischief-maker from the righteous’.[167]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ ذُبْيَانَ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ الْأَوْدِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنَّ لِيَ ابْنَةَ أَخٍ يَتِيمَةً فَرُبَّمَا أُهْدِيَ لَهَا الشَّيْءُ فَآكُلُ مِنْهُ ثُمَّ أُطْعِمُهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ الشَّيْءَ مِنْ مَالِي فَأَقُولُ يَا رَبِّ هَذَا بِهَذَا فَقَالَ ( عليه السلام ) لَا بَأْسَ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, form Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Zubyan Bin hakeem Al Awdy, from Ali Bin Al Mugheira who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘With me is a daughter of my brother who is an orphan, so sometimes something is gifted to her, so I eat from it. Then I feed her something after that from my wealth, so I am saying, ‘O Lord-azwj! This is for this!’ So he-asws said: ‘There is no problem’.[168]
باب مَا يَحِلُّ لِقَيِّمِ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ مِنْهُ
Chapter 44 – What is Permissible for the custodian from the wealth of the orphans
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ مَنْ كانَ فَقِيراً فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ فَقَالَ مَنْ كَانَ يَلِي شَيْئاً لِلْيَتَامَى وَ هُوَ مُحْتَاجٌ لَيْسَ لَهُ مَا يُقِيمُهُ فَهُوَ يَتَقَاضَى أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَ يَقُومُ فِي ضَيْعَتِهِمْ فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِقَدَرٍ وَ لَا يُسْرِفْ وَ إِنْ كَانَ ضَيْعَتُهُمْ لَا تَشْغَلُهُ عَمَّا يُعَالِجُ لِنَفْسِهِ فَلَا يَرْزَأَنَّ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ شَيْئاً .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Usman Bin Isa, from Sama’at,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic [4:6] and whoever is poor, let him eat reasonably. So he-asws said: ‘The one who manages something for the orphans and he is needy, there is nothing for him to live on, so he collects their wealth and stands in their place, so let him eat in a measured manner and not be extravagant; and if it was that standing in their place does not pre-occupy him from what he works for himself, so he should not take anything from their wealth’.[169]
عُثْمَانُ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ إِنْ تُخالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوانُكُمْ قَالَ يَعْنِي الْيَتَامَى إِذَا كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَلِي لِأَيْتَامٍ فِي حَجْرِهِ فَلْيُخْرِجْ مِنْ مَالِهِ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا يُخْرِجُ لِكُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ مِنْهُمْ فَيُخَالِطُهُمْ وَ يَأْكُلُونَ جَمِيعاً وَ لَا يَرْزَأَنَّ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ شَيْئاً إِنَّمَا هِيَ النَّارُ .
Usman, from Sama’at who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic [2:220] and if you intermingle with them, so they are your brethren. He-asws said: ‘It Means the orphans, when the man (custodian) governs the orphans in his lap (care), so let him take from his own wealth upon a measurement of what he takes for each person from them. So he mixes them and they are all eating, and he should not take anything (extra) from their wealth. But rather, it is the Fire’.[170]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ قَالَ الْمَعْرُوفُ هُوَ الْقُوتُ وَ إِنَّمَا عَنَى الْوَصِيَّ أَوِ الْقَيِّمَ فِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ وَ مَا يُصْلِحُهُمْ .
A number of our companions, from sahl Bin Ziyad and Ahmad Bin Muhammad, altogether from Ibn Mahboub, from Abdullah Bin Sinan,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic [4:6] so let him eat reasonably. He-asws said: ‘The reasonableness, it is the daily bread, and rather it means the executor or the custodian regarding their wealth, and what is correct for them’.[171]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ حَنَانِ بْنِ سَدِيرٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) سَأَلَنِي عِيسَى بْنُ مُوسَى عَنِ الْقَيِّمِ لِلْيَتَامَى فِي الْإِبِلِ وَ مَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ مِنْهَا قُلْتُ إِذَا لَاطَ حَوْضَهَا وَ طَلَبَ ضَالَّتَهَا وَ هَنَأَ جَرْبَاهَا فَلَهُ أَنْ يُصِيبَ مِنْ لَبَنِهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ نَهْكٍ بِضَرْعٍ وَ لَا فَسَادٍ لِنَسْلٍ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Hanan Bin Sadeyr who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said, ‘Isa Bin Musa asked me-asws about the custodian for the orphans regarding the camel, and what is Permissible for him from it. I-asws said: ‘When he cleans its water-trough, and seeks out its stray ones, and cures its diseases, so for him is that he can take from its milk without exhausting its udder nor spoiling its young’.[172]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي الصَّبَّاحِ الْكِنَانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ مَنْ كانَ فَقِيراً فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ فَقَالَ ذَلِكَ رَجُلٌ يَحْبِسُ نَفْسَهُ عَنِ الْمَعِيشَةِ فَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ إِذَا كَانَ يُصْلِحُ لَهُمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فَإِنْ كَانَ الْمَالُ قَلِيلًا فَلَا يَأْكُلْ مِنْهُ شَيْئاً
Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Al Fazeyl, from Abu Al Sabah Al Kinany,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic [4:6] and whoever is poor, let him eat reasonably. So he-asws said: ‘That is a man who withholds himself from the livelihood (in order to look after the orphans), so there is no problem if he were to consume with the reasonableness when it was correct for them (the orphans) for their wealth. So if the wealth was a little, so he should not eat anything from it’.
قَالَ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ إِنْ تُخالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوانُكُمْ قَالَ تُخْرِجُ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ بِقَدْرِ مَا يَكْفِيهِمْ وَ تُخْرِجُ مِنْ مَالِكَ قَدْرَ مَا يَكْفِيكَ ثُمَّ تُنْفِقُهُ
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘What is your-asws view of the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic [2:220] and if you intermingle with them, so they are your brethren?’ He-asws said: ‘You take from their wealth by a measurement of what suffices for them, and you take from your wealth what suffices for you, then you spend’.
قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَانُوا يَتَامَى صِغَاراً وَ كِبَاراً وَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَعْلَى كِسْوَةً مِنْ بَعْضٍ وَ بَعْضُهُمْ آكَلُ مِنْ بَعْضٍ وَ مَالُهُمْ جَمِيعاً فَقَالَ أَمَّا الْكِسْوَةُ فَعَلَى كُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ مِنْهُمْ ثَمَنُ كِسْوَتِهِ وَ أَمَّا [أَكْلُ] الطَّعَامِ فَاجْعَلُوهُ جَمِيعاً فَإِنْ الصَّغِيرَ يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ مِثْلَ الْكَبِيرِ .
I said, ‘What is your-asws view if there were young and old orphans, and some of them were of bigger clothing that ones, and some of them eat more than the others, and their wealth is together?’. So he-asws said: ‘As for the clothing, so it is upon each person from them the price of his clothing, and as for the eating of the food, so make it all-inclusive, for the young are on the verge of eating similar to the old’.[173]
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ عِيصِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنِ الْيَتِيمِ يَكُونُ غَلَّتُهُ فِي الشَّهْرِ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَماً كَيْفَ يُنْفَقُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْهَا قَالَ قُوتُهُ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَ التَّمْرِ
Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from one of our companions, from Ays Bin Al Qasim who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the orphan whose yield in a month happens to be twenty Dirhams, how much can I spend upon him?’ He-asws said: ‘His daily sustenance from the meals, and the dates’.
وَ سَأَلْتُهُ أُنْفِقُ عَلَيْهِ ثُلُثَهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ وَ نِصْفَهَا .
And I asked him-asws about spending a third of it upon him. He-asws said: ‘Yes, and half of it’.[174]
باب التِّجَارَةِ فِي مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ وَ الْقَرْضِ مِنْهُ
Chapter 45 – The trading regarding the wealth of the orphans and the borrowing from it
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَسْبَاطِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) كَانَ لِي أَخٌ هَلَكَ فَأَوْصَى إِلَى أَخٍ أَكْبَرَ مِنِّي وَ أَدْخَلَنِي مَعَهُ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ وَ تَرَكَ ابْناً لَهُ صَغِيراً وَ لَهُ مَالٌ فَيَضْرِبُ بِهِ أَخِي فَمَا كَانَ مِنْ فَضْلٍ سَلَّمَهُ لِلْيَتِيمِ وَ ضَمِنَ لَهُ مَالَهُ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ لِأَخِيكَ مَالٌ يُحِيطُ بِمَالِ الْيَتِيمِ إِنْ تَلِفَ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ فَلَا يَعْرِضْ لِمَالِ الْيَتِيمِ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Asbaat Bin Salim who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘A brother of mine died, so he bequeathed to an elder brother of mine and included me with him in the bequest, and he left some wealth for a young son of his. So my brother worked with it, and whatever used to be excess, submitted it to the orphan, and is responsible for him for his wealth’. So he-asws said: ‘If there was wealth for your brother which overcomes the wealth of the orphan if there is damage (losses incurred), so there is no problem with it, and if there does no happen to be (sufficient) wealth for him, so he should not expose the wealth of the orphan (to losses)’.[175]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ قَالَ الْعَامِلُ بِهِ ضَامِنٌ وَ لِلْيَتِيمِ الرِّبْحُ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْعَامِلِ بِهِ مَالٌ وَ قَالَ إِنْ أُعْطِبَ أَدَّاهُ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad Bin Isa, from Hareyz, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding wealth of the orphan, said: ‘The worker with it is responsible, and for the orphans is the profits when there does not happen to be any wealth for the worker with it’. And he-asws said: ‘If there are losses he has to pay for it’.[176]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ رِبْعِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ فِي رَجُلٍ عِنْدَهُ مَالُ الْيَتِيمِ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ مُحْتَاجاً وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ مَالٌ فَلَا يَمَسَّ مَالَهُ وَ إِنْ [هُوَ] اتَّجَرَ بِهِ فَالرِّبْحُ لِلْيَتِيمِ وَ هُوَ ضَامِنٌ .
Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazaan, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Rabie Bin Abdullah,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said regarding a man who had wealth of the orphan with him: ‘If he was needy and there was no wealth of his own, so he should not touch his (orphan’s) wealth; and if he trades with it, so the profits are for the orphan and he is responsible (for any losses incurred)’.[177]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ عَنْ أَسْبَاطِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَقُلْتُ أَمَرَنِي أَخِي أَنْ أَسْأَلَكَ عَنْ مَالِ يَتِيمٍ فِي حَجْرِهِ يَتَّجِرُ بِهِ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ لِأَخِيكَ مَالٌ يُحِيطُ بِمَالِ الْيَتِيمِ إِنْ تَلِفَ أَوْ أَصَابَهُ شَيْءٌ غَرِمَهُ لَهُ وَ إِلَّا فَلَا يَتَعَرَّضْ لِمَالِ الْيَتِيمِ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ali Bin Asbat, from Asbaat Bin Salim who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws saying, ‘My brother instructed me to ask you-asws about wealth of an orphan in his lap (care), he trades with it’. So he-asws said: ‘If there was (sufficient) wealth for your brother which overcomes the wealth of the orphan if losses are incurred or if something hits it which is a damage for him (fine), or else so he should not expose the wealth of the orphan (to the losses)’.[178]
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي رَجُلٍ وُلِّيَ مَالَ يَتِيمٍ أَ يَسْتَقْرِضُ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ ( عليه السلام ) قَدْ كَانَ يَسْتَقْرِضُ مِنْ مَالِ أَيْتَامٍ كَانُوا فِي حَجْرِهِ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ .
Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Mansour Bin Hazim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding a man who governs the wealth of an orphan, can he borrow from it?’ So he-asws said: ‘Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws did borrow from the wealth of the orphans who were in his lap (care), so there is no problem with that’.[179]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ وُلِّيَ مَالَ يَتِيمٍ أَ يَسْتَقْرِضُ مِنْهُ قَالَ . كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ( عليه السلام ) يَسْتَقْرِضُ مِنْ مَالِ يَتِيمٍ كَانَ فِي حَجْرِهِ .
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moala Bin Muhammad, from Al Hassan Bin Ali, from Aban Bin Usman, from Mansour Bin Hazim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘A man governs the wealth of an orphan, can he borrow from it?’ He-asws said: ‘Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws did borrow from the wealth of an orphan who was in his-asws lap (care)’.[180]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ وَ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ عِنْدَ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ مَالٌ لِأَيْتَامٍ فَيَدْفَعُهُ إِلَيْهِ فَيَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ دَرَاهِمَ يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهَا وَ لَا يُعْلِمُ الَّذِي كَانَ عِنْدَهُ الْمَالُ لِلْأَيْتَامِ أَنَّهُ أَخَذَ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ شَيْئاً ثُمَّ تَيَسَّرَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَيُّ ذَلِكَ خَيْرٌ لَهُ أَ يُعْطِيهِ الَّذِي كَانَ فِي يَدِهِ أَمْ يَدْفَعُهُ إِلَى الْيَتِيمِ وَ قَدْ بَلَغَ وَ هَلْ يُجْزِئُهُ أَنْ يَدْفَعَهُ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ عَلَى وَجْهِ الصِّلَةِ وَ لَا يُعْلِمُهُ أَنَّهُ أَخَذَ لَهُ مَالًا
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, and Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazaan, from Ibn Abu Umeyr and Safwan, from Abdul Rahman Bin Al Hajjaj,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Al-Hassan-asws regarding the man a family member of his happens to have some wealth of the orphan, so he handed it over to him. So he took some Dirhams from it which he was needy to, and the one who had the wealth of the orphan did not know that he has taken anything from the wealth of the orphan. Then he became affluent after that. Which is better for him, giving it to the one in whose hand it was or hand it over to the orphan, and he (the orphan) has reached maturity? And would it suffice if he was to hand it over to his companions upon a relevant aspect (as a gift) and not let him know that he had taken some wealth of his?’
فَقَالَ يُجْزِئُهُ أَيُّ ذَلِكَ فَعَلَ إِذَا أَوْصَلَهُ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ فَإِنَّ هَذَا مِنَ السَّرَائِرِ إِذَا كَانَ مِنْ نِيَّتِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ رَدَّهُ إِلَى الْيَتِيمِ إِنْ كَانَ قَدْ بَلَغَ عَلَى أَيِّ وَجْهٍ شَاءَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُعْلِمْهُ أَنْ كَانَ قَبَضَ لَهُ شَيْئاً وَ إِنْ شَاءَ رَدَّهُ إِلَى الَّذِي كَانَ فِي يَدِهِ
So he-asws said: ‘Whichever of that he does would suffice for him, when he delivers it to his companion, for this is from the secrecies when it was from his intention to return it to the orphan, if he had attained maturity, upon whichever aspects he so desires to, even if he does not let him know of it that he had grabbed something of his; and if he so desires to he can return it to the one in whose hand it (originally) was’.
وَ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ صَاحِبُ الْمَالِ غَائِباً فَلْيَدْفَعْهُ إِلَى الَّذِي كَانَ الْمَالُ فِي يَدِهِ .
And he-asws said: ‘If the owner of the wealth was absent, so let him hand it over to the one in whose hand it (originally) was’.[181]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ وُلِّيَ مَالَ يَتِيمٍ فَاسْتَقْرَضَ مِنْهُ شَيْئاً فَقَالَ إِنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ ( عليه السلام ) كَانَ اسْتَقْرَضَ مَالًا لِأَيْتَامٍ فِي حَجْرِهِ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Khalid Bin Jareer, from Abu Al Rabie,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘He-asws was asked about a man who governed some wealth of an orphan, so he borrowed something from it, so he-asws said: ‘Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws had borrowed from the wealth of the orphans who were in his-asws lap (care)’.[182]
باب أَدَاءِ الْأَمَانَةِ
Chapter 46 – Paying back the entrustments
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُصْعَبٍ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ ثَلَاثَةٌ لَا عُذْرَ لِأَحَدٍ فِيهَا أَدَاءُ الْأَمَانَةِ إِلَى الْبَرِّ وَ الْفَاجِرِ وَ الْوَفَاءُ بِالْعَهْدِ إِلَى الْبَرِّ وَ الْفَاجِرِ وَ بِرُّ الْوَالِدَيْنِ بَرَّيْنِ كَانَا أَوْ فَاجِرَيْنِ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Al Husayn Bin Mus’ab Al Hamdany who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘There are three (matters) in which no one has an excuse therein – the paying back the entrustment to the righteous as well as the immoral; and the loyalty with the covenant to the righteous as well as the immoral; and the righteousness with the parents, be they both righteous or both immoral’.[183]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ مَوَالِيكَ يَسْتَحِلُّ مَالَ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ وَ دِمَاءَهُمْ وَ إِنَّهُ وَقَعَ لَهُمْ عِنْدَهُ وَدِيعَةٌ فَقَالَ أَدُّوا الْأَمَانَاتِ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا وَ إِنْ كَانُوا مَجُوسِيّاً فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَا يَكُونُ حَتَّى يَقُومَ قَائِمُنَا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ ( عليه السلام ) فَيُحِلَّ وَ يُحَرِّمَ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Ibn Bukeyr, from Al Husayn Al Shaybani,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘A man from those in your-asws Wilayah is permitting the wealth of the Clan of Umayya and their blood, and there have occurred some deposits with him which are from them’. So he-asws said: ‘Repay the entrustments to its rightful ones even though they may be Magians, for that would not be happening until the rising of our-asws Qaim-asws of the People-asws of the Household, so he-asws would be Permitting and Prohbiting’.[184]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ جَدِّهِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( صلوات الله عليه ) أَدُّوا الْأَمَانَةَ وَ لَوْ إِلَى قَاتِلِ وُلْدِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Al Qasim Bin yahya, from his grandfather Al Hassan Bin Rashid, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘Repay the entrustments even though it be to a murderer of the children of the Prophets-as’.[185]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مَرَّارٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَبِي حَفْصٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَ عَلَيْكُمْ بِأَدَاءِ الْأَمَانَةِ إِلَى مَنِ ائْتَمَنَكُمْ وَ لَوْ أَنَّ قَاتِلَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ( عليه السلام ) ائْتَمَنَنِي عَلَى أَمَانَةٍ لَأَدَّيْتُهَا إِلَيْهِ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ismail Bin Marrar, from Yunus, from Umar Bin Abu Hafs who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘Fear Allah-azwj! And upon you is with the repaying of the entrustments to the one who entrusted you, and even if the murderer of Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws had entrusted me upon an entrustment, I-asws would have repaid it to him-la’.[186]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي وَصِيَّةٍ لَهُ اعْلَمْ أَنَّ ضَارِبَ عَلِيٍّ ( عليه السلام ) بِالسَّيْفِ وَ قَاتِلَهُ لَوِ ائْتَمَنَنِي وَ اسْتَنْصَحَنِي وَ اسْتَشَارَنِي ثُمَّ قَبِلْتُ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ لَأَدَّيْتُ إِلَيْهِ الْأَمَانَةَ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Ammar Bin Marwan who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said in a bequest of him-asws: ‘Know that if the striker upon Ali-asws with the sword and his-asws killer were to entrust me-asws and seek guidance from me-asws and consult me-asws, I-asws would have repaid the entrustment to him-la’ if I-asws had accepted that from him-la.[187]
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ قُرْطٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) امْرَأَةٌ بِالْمَدِينَةِ كَانَ النَّاسُ يَضَعُونَ عِنْدَهَا الْجَوَارِيَ فَتُصْلِحُهُنَّ وَ قُلْنَا مَا رَأَيْنَا مِثْلَ مَا صُبَّ عَلَيْهَا مِنَ الرِّزْقِ فَقَالَ إِنَّهَا صَدَقَتِ الْحَدِيثَ وَ أَدَّتِ الْأَمَانَةَ وَ ذَلِكَ يَجْلِبُ الرِّزْقَ .
Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Is’haq Bin Ammar, from Hafs Bin Qurt who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘A woman at Al-Medina, the people were placing the slave girls with her in order to train them, and we said, ‘We have not seen the likes of what is poured upon her from the livelihood!’. So he-asws said: ‘She was truthful in the discussions, and repaid the entrustments, and that brings the livelihood’.
قَالَ صَفْوَانُ وَ سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ حَفْصٍ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ .
Safwan (the narrator) said, ‘And I heard it (directly) from Hafs, after that’.[188]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) لَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ أَخْلَفَ بِالْأَمَانَةِ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘He is not from us-asws, the one who reneges with an entrustment’.
وَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) الْأَمَانَةُ تَجْلِبُ الرِّزْقَ وَ الْخِيَانَةُ تَجْلِبُ الْفَقْرَ.
And he-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The trustworthiness brings the livelihood and the betrayal brings the poverty’.[189]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ يَعْنِي مُوسَى ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ رَجُلٍ اسْتَوْدَعَ رَجُلًا مَالًا لَهُ قِيمَةٌ وَ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْمَالُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يُعْطِيَهُ شَيْئاً وَ لَا يَقْدِرُ لَهُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ وَ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي اسْتَوْدَعَهُ خَبِيثٌ خَارِجِيٌّ فَلَمْ أَدَعْ شَيْئاً فَقَالَ لِي قُلْ لَهُ رُدَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّهُ ائْتَمَنَهُ عَلَيْهِ بِأَمَانَةِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Al Qasim Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Al Qasim who said,
‘I asked Abu Al-Hassan-asws, meaning Musa-asws, about a man who entrusted a man with some valuable wealth of his, and man upon whom is the wealth is a man from the Arabs powerful enough that he does not give him back anything, and he (the entruster) is not able upon him with anything, and the man who entrusted him is a wicked foreigner. So he did not give him anything’. So he-asws said to me: ‘Say to him, ‘Return it to him, for he had entrusted him with an entrustment of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic’.[190]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ النَّهْدِيِّ عَنْ كَثِيرِ بْنِ يُونُسَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَيَابَةَ قَالَ لَمَّا هَلَكَ أَبِي سَيَابَةُ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ إِخْوَانِهِ إِلَيَّ فَضَرَبَ الْبَابَ عَلَيَّ فَخَرَجْتُ إِلَيْهِ فَعَزَّانِي وَ قَالَ لِي هَلْ تَرَكَ أَبُوكَ شَيْئاً فَقُلْتُ لَهُ لَا فَدَفَعَ إِلَيَّ كِيساً فِيهِ أَلْفُ دِرْهَمٍ وَ قَالَ لِي أَحْسِنْ حِفْظَهَا وَ كُلْ فَضْلَهَا فَدَخَلْتُ إِلَى أُمِّي وَ أَنَا فَرِحٌ فَأَخْبَرْتُهَا
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Al Nahdy, from Kaseer Bin Yunus, from Abdul Rahman Bin Sabaya who said,
‘When my father Sayaba died, a man from his brethren came over to me. So he knocked the door upon me, and I went out to him, so he offered his condolences to me and said to me, ‘Did your father leave anything?’ So I said to him, ‘No’. So he handed over a bag to me in which were one thousand Dirhams, and said to me, ‘Look after it well and eat from its excess (profits)’. So I went over to my mother, and I was happy, and I informed her of it.
فَلَمَّا كَانَ بِالْعَشِيِّ أَتَيْتُ صَدِيقاً كَانَ لِأَبِي فَاشْتَرَى لِي بَضَائِعَ سَابِرِيٍّ وَ جَلَسْتُ فِي حَانُوتٍ فَرَزَقَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ فِيهَا خَيْراً كَثِيراً وَ حَضَرَ الْحَجُّ فَوَقَعَ فِي قَلْبِي فَجِئْتُ إِلَى أُمِّي وَ قُلْتُ لَهَا إِنَّهَا قَدْ وَقَعَ فِي قَلْبِي أَنْ أَخْرُجَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَقَالَتْ لِي فَرُدَّ دَرَاهِمَ فُلَانٍ عَلَيْهِ فَهَاتِهَا وَ جِئْتُ بِهَا إِلَيْهِ فَدَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْهِ فَكَأَنِّي وَهَبْتُهَا لَهُ فَقَالَ لَعَلَّكَ اسْتَقْلَلْتَهَا فَأَزِيدَكَ قُلْتُ لَا وَ لَكِنْ قَدْ وَقَعَ فِي قَلْبِيَ الْحَجُّ فَأَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ يَكُونَ شَيْئُكَ عِنْدَكَ
So when it was the evening, a friend of my father came over, so I bought for myself Sabiriyya goods and sat in a shop. So Allah-azwj Majestic and Mighty Graced me a lot of goodness in it, and (the season) for Hajj presented itself, so it occurred in my heart. I went over to my mother and said to her that it has occurred in my heart that I should go out to Makkah. So she said to me, ‘Return the Dirhams of so and so to him’. So she gave it to me and I went with it to him and handed these over to him, so it was as if I had gifted it to him. He said, ‘Perhaps I have given you little, so I shall increase it for you’. I said, ‘No, but performing the Hajj has occurred in my heart, therefore I loved it that your thing should be with you’.
ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ فَقَضَيْتُ نُسُكِي ثُمَّ رَجَعْتُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَدَخَلْتُ مَعَ النَّاسِ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) وَ كَانَ يَأْذَنُ إِذْناً عَامّاً فَجَلَسْتُ فِي مَوَاخِيرِ النَّاسِ وَ كُنْتُ حَدَثاً فَأَخَذَ النَّاسُ يَسْأَلُونَهُ وَ يُجِيبُهُمْ فَلَمَّا خَفَّ النَّاسُ عَنْهُ أَشَارَ إِلَيَّ فَدَنَوْتُ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لِي أَ لَكَ حَاجَةٌ فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ أَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَيَابَةَ فَقَالَ لِي مَا فَعَلَ أَبُوكَ فَقُلْتُ هَلَكَ قَالَ فَتَوَجَّعَ وَ تَرَحَّمَ
Then I went out and fulfilled my rituals. Then I returned to Al-Medina, so I went over to Abu Abdullah-asws along with the people, and he-asws had permitted with a general permission. So I sat among the back rows of the people, and I was young. So the people went on asking him-asws, and he-asws kept answering them. So when the people were less from him-asws, he-asws gestured towards me. So I approached him-asws, and he-asws said to me: ‘Is there a need for you?’ So I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! I am Abdul Rahman Bin Sabaya’. So he-asws said to me: ‘What work does your father do?’ So I said, ‘He died’. So he-asws expressed condolences and mercy.
قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي أَ فَتَرَكَ شَيْئاً قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ فَمِنْ أَيْنَ حَجَجْتَ قَالَ فَابْتَدَأْتُ فَحَدَّثْتُهُ بِقِصَّةِ الرَّجُلِ قَالَ فَمَا تَرَكَنِي أَفْرُغُ مِنْهَا حَتَّى قَالَ لِي فَمَا فَعَلْتَ فِي الْأَلْفِ قَالَ قُلْتُ رَدَدْتُهَا عَلَى صَاحِبِهَا قَالَ فَقَالَ لِي قَدْ أَحْسَنْتَ وَ قَالَ لِي أَ لَا أُوصِيكَ قُلْتُ بَلَى جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فَقَالَ عَلَيْكَ بِصِدْقِ الْحَدِيثِ وَ أَدَاءِ الْأَمَانَةِ تَشْرَكُ النَّاسَ فِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ هَكَذَا وَ جَمَعَ بَيْنَ أَصَابِعِهِ
He (the narrator) said, ‘Then he-asws said to me: ‘Did he leave anything?’ I said, ‘No’. He-asws said: ‘So from where did you perform Hajj?’ So I initiated and narrated to him with the story of the man. So he-asws did not leave me to be free from it until he-asws said to me: ‘So what did you do regarding the one thousand (Dirhams)?’ I said, ‘I returned it to its owner’. So he-asws said to me: ‘You have done well’. And he-asws said to me: ‘Shall I-asws advise you?’ I said, ‘Yes, may I be sacrificed for you-asws! So he-asws said: ‘Upon you is with the truthfulness of the discussion and the repayment of the entrustment. You would share the people in their wealth like this!’ – and he-asws gathered his-asws two fingers together.
قَالَ فَحَفِظْتُ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُ فَزَكَّيْتُ ثَلَاثَمِائَةِ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ .
He (the narrator) said, ‘So I memorised that from him-asws, and I attained three hundred thousand Dirhams’.[191]
باب الرَّجُلِ يَأْخُذُ مِنْ مَالِ وَلَدِهِ وَ الْوَلَدِ يَأْخُذُ مِنْ مَالِ أَبِيهِ
Chapter 47 – The man takes from the wealth of his son and the son takes from the wealth of his father
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ لِابْنِهِ مَالٌ فَيَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ الْأَبُ قَالَ يَأْكُلُ مِنْهُ فَأَمَّا الْأُمُّ فَلَا تَأْكُلُ مِنْهُ إِلَّا قَرْضاً عَلَى نَفْسِهَا .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad, from Hareyz, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I asked him-asws about a man who had some wealth for his son, so the father had a need to it. He-asws said: ‘He can eat from it. So as for the mother, so she cannot eat from it except as a loan upon herself’.[192]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَأْكُلُ مِنْ مَالِ وَلَدِهِ قَالَ لَا إِلَّا أَنْ يُضْطَرَّ إِلَيْهِ فَيَأْكُلَ مِنْهُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَ لَا يَصْلُحُ لِلْوَلَدِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْ مَالِ وَالِدِهِ شَيْئاً إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْذَنَ وَالِدُهُ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ali Bin Asbat,
(It has been narrated) from Ali son of Ja’far-asws, from Abu Ibrahim-asws (7th Imam-asws), said, ‘I asked him-asws about the man who eats from the wealth of his son. He-asws said: ‘No, except if he is desperate to it, so he can eat from it with the reasonableness, and it is not correct for the son that he takes anything from the wealth of his father except if his father alows him’.[193]
سَهْلُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) لِرَجُلٍ أَنْتَ وَ مَالُكَ لِأَبِيكَ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) وَ مَا أُحِبُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْ مَالِ ابْنِهِ إِلَّا مَا احْتَاجَ إِلَيْهِ مِمَّا لَا بُدَّ مِنْهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَا يُحِبُّ الْفَسَادَ.
Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Abu Hamza Al Sumaly,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said to a man: ‘You and your wealth is for your father’. Then Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘And I-asws do not like it for him that he should take from the wealth of his son except what he is needy to it, from what is a must from it. Allah-azwj Mighty does not Love the mischief’.[194]
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْكُوفِيِّ عَنْ عُبَيْسِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لِوَلَدِهِ مَالٌ فَأَحَبَّ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ قَالَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ فَإِنْ كَانَتْ أُمُّهُ حَيَّةً فَمَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ تَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئاً إِلَّا قَرْضاً عَلَى نَفْسِهَا .
Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Al Kufy, from Ubeys Bin Hisham, from Abdul Kareem, from Ibn Abu Yafour,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the man who happens to have some wealth for his son, so he would like to take from it’. He-asws said: ‘So let him take. So if his mother is alive, I-asws would not like it that she takes anything from it except as a loan upon herself’.[195]
سَهْلُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى مَالِ ابْنِهِ قَالَ يَأْكُلُ مِنْهُ مَا شَاءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سَرَفٍ
Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Al A’ala Bin Razeyn, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws, said, ‘I asked him-asws about the man who is needy to some wealth of his son. He-asws said: ‘He can eat from it whatever he so desires to from without being extravagant’.
وَ قَالَ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ ( عليه السلام ) إِنَّ الْوَلَدَ لَا يَأْخُذُ مِنْ مَالِ وَالِدِهِ شَيْئاً إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ وَ الْوَالِدَ يَأْخُذُ مِنْ مَالِ ابْنِهِ مَا شَاءَ وَ لَهُ أَنْ يَقَعَ عَلَى جَارِيَةِ ابْنِهِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنِ الِابْنُ وَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا وَ ذَكَرَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ أَنْتَ وَ مَالُكَ لِأَبِيكَ .
And he-asws said: ‘In the Book of Ali-asws (it is written): ‘The son shall not take anything from the wealth of his father except by his permission, but the father can take from the wealth of his son whatever he so desires to, and for him (father) is that he can fall upon a slave girl of his son, when his son has not fallen upon her (had union)’. And he-asws mentioned that Rasool-Allah-saww said to a man: ‘You and your wealth are for your father’.[196]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَلَاءِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) مَا يَحِلُّ لِلرَّجُلِ مِنْ مَالِ وَلَدِهِ قَالَ قُوتُهُ بِغَيْرِ سَرَفٍ إِذَا اضْطُرَّ إِلَيْهِ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Abdullah Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Al Husayn Bin Abu Al A’ala who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘What is Permissible for the man from the wealth of his son?’ He-asws said: ‘Subsistence without extravagance when he is desperate to it’.
قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَقَوْلُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) لِلرَّجُلِ الَّذِي أَتَاهُ فَقَدَّمَ أَبَاهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَنْتَ وَ مَالُكَ لِأَبِيكَ فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا جَاءَ بِأَبِيهِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَذَا أَبِي وَ قَدْ ظَلَمَنِي مِيرَاثِي مِنْ أُمِّي فَأَخْبَرَهُ الْأَبُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ أَنْفَقَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ فَقَالَ أَنْتَ وَ مَالُكَ لِأَبِيكَ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ شَيْءٌ أَ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) يَحْبِسُ الْأَبَ لِلِابْنِ .
He (the narrator) said, ‘So I said to him-asws, ‘So (what about) the words of Rasool-Allah-saww to the man who came over to him-saww and presented his father, so he-saww said to him: ‘You and your wealth are for your father’. So he-asws said: ‘But rather he came with his father to the Prophet-saww, so he said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! This is my father who has been unjust to me in my inheritance from my mother. So the father informed him-asws and he had spend upon him and upon himself. So he-saww said: ‘You and your wealth are for your father’, and there did not happen to be anything with the man; would Rasool-Allah-saww have withheld the father for the (sake of his) son?’[197]
باب الرَّجُلِ يَأْخُذُ مِنْ مَالِ امْرَأَتِهِ وَ الْمَرْأَةِ تَأْخُذُ مِنْ مَالِ زَوْجِهَا
Chapter 48 – The man takes from the wealth of his wife and the wife takes from the wealth of her husband
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ امْرَأَةٌ دَفَعَتْ إِلَى زَوْجِهَا مَالًا مِنْ مَالِهَا لِيَعْمَلَ بِهِ وَ قَالَتْ لَهُ حِينَ دَفَعَتْ إِلَيْهِ أَنْفِقْ مِنْهُ فَإِنْ حَدَثَ بِكَ حَدَثٌ فَمَا أَنْفَقْتَ مِنْهُ حَلَالًا طَيِّباً فَإِنْ حَدَثَ بِي حَدَثٌ فَمَا أَنْفَقْتَ مِنْهُ فَهُوَ حَلَالٌ طَيِّبٌ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Usman Bin Isa, from Saeed Bin Yasaar who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! A woman handed over some wealth from her own wealth to her husband for him to work with and said to him when she handed it over to him, ‘Spend from it, so if there occurs with you an event (of death), so whatever you would have spent from it would be Permissible and good, and if there occurs with me an event (of death), so whatever I would have spent from it, so it would be Permissible, good’.
فَقَالَ أَعِدْ عَلَيَّ يَا سَعِيدُ الْمَسْأَلَةَ فَلَمَّا ذَهَبْتُ أُعِيدُ الْمَسْأَلَةَ عَلَيْهِ اعْتَرَضَ فِيهَا صَاحِبُهَا وَ كَانَ مَعِي حَاضِراً فَأَعَادَ عَلَيْهِ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ أَشَارَ بِإِصْبَعِهِ إِلَى صَاحِبِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ فَقَالَ يَا هَذَا إِنْ كُنْتَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّهَا قَدْ أَفْضَتْ بِذَلِكَ إِلَيْكَ فِيمَا بَيْنَكَ وَ بَيْنَهَا وَ بَيْنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَحَلَالٌ طَيِّبٌ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ جَلَّ اسْمُهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ فَإِنْ طِبْنَ لَكُمْ عَنْ شَيْءٍ مِنْهُ نَفْساً فَكُلُوهُ هَنِيئاً مَرِيئاً .
So he-asws said: ‘O Saeed! Repeat the question to me-asws’. So when I went on to repeat the question to him-asws, the person involved in it intervened, and he was present with me, so he repeated to him-asws similar to that. So when he was free, he-asws pointed with his-asws finger to the person involved in the question, and he-asws said: ‘O you! If you knew that she delegated it to you with regards to what is between you and her and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, so it is Permissible, good’ – three times. Then he-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj, Majestic is His-azwj Name is Saying in His-azwj Book [4:4] but if they of themselves be pleased to give up to you a portion of it, then eat it with enjoyment and with wholesome result’.[198]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَمَّا يَحِلُّ لِلْمَرْأَةِ أَنْ تَتَصَدَّقَ بِهِ مِنْ بَيْتِ زَوْجِهَا بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِ قَالَ الْمَأْدُومُ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazzal, from Ibn Bukeyr who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about what is Permissible for the woman that she can give in charity with from the house of her husband without his permission. He-asws said: ‘The food (sauces etc.)’.[199]
باب اللُّقَطَةِ وَ الضَّالَّةِ
Chapter 49 – The Found and the Lost Properties
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَاشَانِيِّ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمَّادٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَائِذٍ عَنْ أَبِي خَدِيجَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ كَانَ النَّاسُ فِي الزَّمَنِ الْأَوَّلِ إِذَا وَجَدُوا شَيْئاً فَأَخَذُوهُ احْتَبَسَ فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ أَنْ يَخْطُوَ حَتَّى يَرْمِيَ بِهِ فَيَجِيءَ طَالِبُهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ فَيَأْخُذَهُ وَ إِنَّ النَّاسَ قَدِ اجْتَرَءُوا عَلَى مَا هُوَ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَ سَيَعُودُ كَمَا كَانَ .
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moala Bin Muhammad and Ali Bin Muhammad Al Qashany, from Salih Bin Abu Hammad, from Al Washa, from Ahmad Bin Aiz, from Abu Khadeeja,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The people during the former times, whenever they found something, so they would seize it to withhold (as theirs), but they would not be able to take a step until they had to throw it back, so its seeker would come afterwards and he would take it; and the people have become audacious upon what is more than that, and it would be returning just as what was beforehand’.[200]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ سِرْحَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي اللُّقَطَةِ يُعَرِّفُهَا سَنَةً ثُمَّ هِيَ كَسَائِرِ مَالِهِ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr, from Dawood Sirhan,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘With regards to the found property, he should raise it (look for its owner) for a year, then it would be like the rest of his own wealth’.[201]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) رَجُلٌ وَجَدَ فِي مَنْزِلِهِ دِينَاراً قَالَ يَدْخُلُ مَنْزِلَهُ غَيْرُهُ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ كَثِيرٌ قَالَ هَذَا لُقَطَةٌ قُلْتُ فَرَجُلٌ وَجَدَ فِي صُنْدُوقِهِ دِينَاراً قَالَ يُدْخِلُ أَحَدٌ يَدَهُ فِي صُنْدُوقِهِ غَيْرُهُ أَوْ يَضَعُ غَيْرُهُ فِيهِ شَيْئاً قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ فَهُوَ لَهُ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad and Ahmad Bin Muhammad altogether, from Ibn Mahboub, form Jameel Bin Salih who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘A man found one Dinaar in his house’. He-asws said: ‘Does anyone else enter into his house?’ I said, ‘Yes, a lot of them’. He-asws said: ‘This is found property’. I said, ‘Supposing a man finds one Dinaar in his own box?’ He-asws said: ‘Does anyone else enter his hand in his box, or anyone else places something in it?’ I said, ‘No’. He-asws said: ‘So it is for him’.[202]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اللُّقَطَةِ قَالَ تُعَرَّفُ سَنَةً قَلِيلًا كَانَ أَوْ كَثِيراً قَالَ وَ مَا كَانَ دُونَ الدِّرْهَمِ فَلَا يُعَرَّفُ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Muhammad Bin Abu Hamza, from one of our companions,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I asked him-asws about the found property, he-asws said: ‘You should introduce it (to others) for a year, be it a little or a lot’. He-asws said: ‘So whatever was less than the Dirham, so do not introduce it (seek for its owner)’.[203]
عَلِيٌّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الدَّارِ يُوجَدُ فِيهَا الْوَرِقُ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَتْ مَعْمُورَةً فِيهَا أَهْلُهَا فَهُوَ لَهُمْ وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ خَرِبَةً قَدْ جَلَا عَنْهَا أَهْلُهَا فَالَّذِي وَجَدَ الْمَالَ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ .
Ali, from his father, from Ibn Mahbooub, from Al A’ala Bin Razeyn, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws, said, ‘I asked him-asws about the house in which the paper (silver) is found. So he-asws said: ‘If it was that its inhabitants frequent it, so it is for them, and if it was in ruins, its inhabitants having evacuated from it, so the one who found the wealth, so he is more rightful for it’.[204]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَجَّالِ عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْجُعْفِيِّ قَالَ خَرَجْتُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ وَ أَنَا مِنْ أَشَدِّ النَّاسِ حَالًا فَشَكَوْتُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَلَمَّا خَرَجْتُ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ وَجَدْتُ عَلَى بَابِهِ كِيساً فِيهِ سَبْعُمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ فَوْرِي ذَلِكَ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ فَقَالَ يَا سَعِيدُ اتَّقِ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ عَرِّفْهُ فِي الْمَشَاهِدِ وَ كُنْتُ رَجَوْتُ أَنْ يُرَخِّصَ لِي فِيهِ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Abdullah Bin Muhammad Al Hajjal, from Sa’alba Bin Maymoun, from Saeed Bin Amro Al Ju’fy who said,
‘I went out to Makkah and I was with the most difficult (financial) conditions from the people, so I complained to Abu Abdullah-asws. So when I went out from his-asws presence, I found a bag upon his-asws door in which were seven hundred Dinars. So I returned to him-asws immediately from that and informed him-asws. So he-asws said: ‘O Saeed! Fear Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and present it among the gatherings’, and I was hopeful that he-asws would have allowed for me with regards to it (to keep it).
فَخَرَجْتُ وَ أَنَا مُغْتَمٌّ فَأَتَيْتُ مِنًى وَ تَنَحَّيْتُ عَنِ النَّاسِ وَ تَقَصَّيْتُ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُ الْمَوْقُوفَةَ فَنَزَلْتُ فِي بَيْتٍ مُتَنَحِّياً عَنِ النَّاسِ ثُمَّ قُلْتُ مَنْ يَعْرِفُ الْكِيسَ قَالَ فَأَوَّلُ صَوْتٍ صَوَّتُّهُ فَإِذَا رَجُلٌ عَلَى رَأْسِي يَقُولُ أَنَا صَاحِبُ الْكِيسِ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ فِي نَفْسِي أَنْتَ فَلَا كُنْتَ قُلْتُ مَا عَلَامَةُ الْكِيسِ فَأَخْبَرَنِي بِعَلَامَتِهِ فَدَفَعْتُهُ إِلَيْهِ
So I went out and I was gloomy. So I went over to Mina and kept away from the people, and I searched around unil I came up to the dedicated place. So I lodged in a room away from the people. Then I said, ‘Is there anyone who recognises the bag?’ So the first voice was his voice, and it was a man above me saying, ‘I am the owner of the bag’. So I said to myself, ‘You, so (I wish) it wasn’t’. I said, ‘What is the marking of the bag?’ So he informed me with its markings. So I handed it over to him.
قَالَ فَتَنَحَّى نَاحِيَةً فَعَدَّهَا فَإِذَا الدَّنَانِيرُ عَلَى حَالِهَا ثُمَّ عَدَّ مِنْهَا سَبْعِينَ دِينَاراً فَقَالَ خُذْهَا حَلَالًا خَيْرٌ مِنْ سَبْعِمِائَةٍ حَرَاماً فَأَخَذْتُهَا ثُمَّ دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ كَيْفَ تَنَحَّيْتُ وَ كَيْفَ صَنَعْتُ فَقَالَ أَمَا إِنَّكَ حِينَ شَكَوْتَ إِلَيَّ أَمَرْنَا لَكَ بِثَلَاثِينَ دِينَاراً يَا جَارِيَةُ هَاتِيهَا فَأَخَذْتُهَا وَ أَنَا مِنْ أَحْسَنِ قَوْمِي حَالًا.
He (the narrator) said, ‘So he went aside and counted it, and there were the Dinars upon their (original) state. Then he counted seventy Dinars from these, so he said, ‘Take these as Permissible. It is better than seven hundred Prohibited ones’. So I took them, then went over to Abu Abdullah-asws, so I informed him-asws how I withheld (from taking it all) and how I dealt with it. So he-asws said: ‘But, when you complained to me-asws, I-asws ordered thirty Dinars (to be kept aside) for you. O Maid! Bring these!’. So I took these and I was from the good financial states of my people’.[205]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنِ الْحَجَّالِ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَجُلٌ إِنِّي قَدْ أَصَبْتُ مَالًا وَ إِنِّي قَدْ خِفْتُ فِيهِ عَلَى نَفْسِي فَلَوْ أَصَبْتُ صَاحِبَهُ دَفَعْتُهُ إِلَيْهِ وَ تَخَلَّصْتُ مِنْهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) وَ اللَّهِ إِنْ لَوْ أَصَبْتَهُ كُنْتَ تَدْفَعُهُ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ إِي وَ اللَّهِ قَالَ فَأَنَا وَ اللَّهِ مَا لَهُ صَاحِبٌ غَيْرِي
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Musa Bin Umar, from Al Hajjal, from Dawood Bin Abu Yazeed,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘A man said, ‘I came across some wealth, and I feared with regards to it upon myself, so I said to myself, ‘If only I could come across its owner, I would hand it over to him, and be finished from it’. So Abu Abdullah-asws said to him: ‘By Allah-azwj! If you were to come across him you would hand it over to him?’ He said, ‘Yes, by Allah-azwj!’ He-asws said: ‘So it is I-asws, by Allah-azwj, there is no other owner apart from myself’.
قَالَ فَاسْتَحْلَفَهُ أَنْ يَدْفَعَهُ إِلَى مَنْ يَأْمُرُهُ قَالَ فَحَلَفَ قَالَ فَاذْهَبْ فَاقْسِمْهُ فِي إِخْوَانِكَ وَ لَكَ الْأَمْنُ مِمَّا خِفْتَ مِنْهُ قَالَ فَقَسَمْتُهُ بَيْنَ إِخْوَانِي .
He (the narrator) said, ‘So he-asws made him swear an oath that he would hand it over to the ones he-asws commands him to. So he swore an oath. He-asws said: ‘So go and distribute it among your brethren, and for you is the security from what you feared from’. He said, ‘So I distributed it among my brethren’.[206]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي الْعَلَاءِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) رَجُلٌ وَجَدَ مَالًا فَعَرَّفَهُ حَتَّى إِذَا مَضَتِ السَّنَةُ اشْتَرَى بِهِ خَادِماً فَجَاءَ طَالِبُ الْمَالِ فَوَجَدَ الْجَارِيَةَ الَّتِي اشْتُرِيَتْ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ هِيَ ابْنَتَهُ قَالَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ إِلَّا دَرَاهِمَهُ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ الِابْنَةُ إِنَّمَا لَهُ رَأْسُ مَالِهِ وَ إِنَّمَا كَانَتِ ابْنَتُهُ مَمْلُوكَةَ قَوْمٍ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, form his father, from one of our companions, from Abu Al A’ala who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘A man found some wealth, so he introduced it (to others) until when the year passed by, he bought a servant with it. So the seeker of the wealth came over and found that the maid which had been bought with the Dirhams, she was his daughter’. He-asws said: ‘It is not for him to take except for the Dirhams, and the daughter is not for him. But rather, for him is the capital of his wealth, and rather his daughter would be an owned slave of a people’.[207]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ كَتَبْتُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ أَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى جَزُوراً أَوْ بَقَرَةً لِلْأَضَاحِيِّ فَلَمَّا ذَبَحَهَا وَجَدَ فِي جَوْفِهَا صُرَّةٌ فِيهَا دَرَاهِمُ أَوْ دَنَانِيرُ أَوْ جَوْهَرَةٌ لِمَنْ يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ فَوَقَّعَ ( عليه السلام ) عَرِّفْهَا الْبَائِعَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَعْرِفُهَا فَالشَّيْءُ لَكَ رَزَقَكَ اللَّهُ إِيَّاهُ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Abdullah Bin Ja’far who said,
‘I wrote to the man (Imam-asws, asking him-asws about a man who bought an animal or a cow for the sacrifice. So when he slaughtered it, he found in the inside of it a packet in which were Dirham, or Dinars, or jewellery. For whom would that happen to be?’ So he-asws signed: ‘Introduce it to the seller, so if he does not recognise it, then the thing is for him which Allah-azwj has Sustained him with’.[208]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَنْ وَجَدَ شَيْئاً فَهُوَ لَهُ فَلْيَتَمَتَّعْ بِهِ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهُ طَالِبُهُ فَإِذَا جَاءَ طَالِبُهُ رَدَّهُ إِلَيْهِ .
Ali Bin Muhammad, from Ibrahim Bin Is’haq, from Abdullah Bin Hammad, from Abu Baseer,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘The one who finds anything, so it is for him. So let him enjoy with it until its seeker comes along. So when its seeker comes along, he should return it to him’.[209]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اللُّقَطَةِ فَقَالَ لَا تَرْفَعْهَا فَإِنِ ابْتُلِيتَ بِهَا فَعَرِّفْهَا سَنَةً فَإِنْ جَاءَ طَالِبُهَا وَ إِلَّا فَاجْعَلْهَا فِي عُرْضِ مَالِكَ تُجْرِي عَلَيْهَا مَا تُجْرِي عَلَى مَالِكَ حَتَّى يَجِيءَ لَهَا طَالِبٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِئْ لَهَا طَالِبٌ فَأَوْصِ بِهَا فِي وَصِيَّتِكَ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad, from Hareyz, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws, said, ‘I asked him-asws about the found property, so he-asws said: ‘You should not pick it up, but if you indulge in it, so you should introduce it for a year. So if its seeker comes over (fine), or else make it be in the display of your wealth, flowing upon it whatever flows upon your own wealth until a seeker comes for it. So if a seeker does not come for it, so bequeath with it in your bequest’.[210]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي وَجَدْتُ شَاةً فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) هِيَ لَكَ أَوْ لِأَخِيكَ أَوْ لِلذِّئْبِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي وَجَدْتُ بَعِيراً فَقَالَ مَعَهُ حِذَاؤُهُ وَ سِقَاؤُهُ حِذَاؤُهُ خُفُّهُ وَ سِقَاؤُهُ كَرِشُهُ فَلَا تَهِجْهُ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Salim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘A man came over to the Prophet-saww, so he said to him-saww, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! I have found a (stray) sheep’. So Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘It is for you, or for your brother, or for the wolf’. So he said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! I found a camel’. So he-saww said: ‘With it are its shoes and its watering pouch.Its shoes are its hooves and its watering pouch is its hump, so do not bother it’.[211]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَنْ أَصَابَ مَالًا أَوْ بَعِيراً فِي فَلَاةٍ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ قَدْ كَلَّتْ وَ قَامَتْ وَ سَيَّبَهَا صَاحِبُهَا مِمَّا لَمْ يَتْبَعْهُ فَأَخَذَهَا غَيْرُهُ فَأَقَامَ عَلَيْهَا وَ أَنْفَقَ نَفَقَةً حَتَّى أَحْيَاهَا مِنَ الْكَلَالِ وَ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ فَهِيَ لَهُ وَ لَا سَبِيلَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا وَ إِنَّمَا هِيَ مِثْلُ الشَّيْءِ الْمُبَاحِ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, and Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Abdullah Bin Sinan,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The one who comes across some wealth, or a camel in the wilderness from the earth which was exhausted and its owner had abandoned from what he did not pursue it, so someone else finds it and stands to look after it and spends expenditure until he revives it from the exhaustion and from the death, so it is for him, and there is no way for him (the previous owner) upon it. But rather it is like the ownerless thing’.[212]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( صلوات الله عليه ) قَضَى فِي رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ دَابَّتَهُ مِنْ جَهْدٍ قَالَ إِنْ تَرَكَهَا فِي كَلَإٍ وَ مَاءٍ وَ أَمْنٍ فَهِيَ لَهُ يَأْخُذُهَا حَيْثُ أَصَابَهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَ تَرَكَهَا فِي خَوْفٍ وَ عَلَى غَيْرِ مَاءٍ وَ لَا كَلَإٍ فَهِيَ لِمَنْ أَصَابَهَا .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Abdullah Bin Muhammad, from his father, from Abdullah Bin Al Mugheira, from Al Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws that Amir Al-Momineen-asws judged regarding a man who neglected his animal from it being exhausted, saying: ‘If he left it among a pasture and water and security, so it is for him, he can take it wherever he finds it; but if he had left it in fear and upon other than water and there was no pasture, so it is for the one who comes across it’.[213]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِلُقَطَةِ الْعَصَا وَ الشِّظَاظِ وَ الْوَتِدِ وَ الْحَبْلِ وَ الْعِقَالِ وَ أَشْبَاهِهِ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad, from Hareyz,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘There is no problem with the found staff, and the splinters, and the pegs, and the ropes, and the harnesses, and the likes of it’.
قَالَ وَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) لَيْسَ لِهَذَا طَالِبٌ .
He (the narrator) said, ‘And Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘There are no seekers for these’.[214]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ شَمُّونٍ عَنِ الْأَصَمِّ عَنْ مِسْمَعٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( صلوات الله عليه ) كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي الدَّابَّةِ إِذَا سَرَّحَهَا أَهْلُهَا أَوْ عَجَزُوا عَنْ عَلَفِهَا أَوْ نَفَقَتِهَا فَهِيَ لِلَّذِي أَحْيَاهَا
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Shamoun, from Al Asamma, from Misma’a,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws was saying regarding the animal when it is released by its owners, or if they are frustrated from feeding it, or spending upon it, so it is for the one who revives it’.
قَالَ وَ قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) فِي رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ دَابَّتَهُ فِي مَضِيعَةٍ فَقَالَ إِنْ تَرَكَهَا فِي كَلَإٍ وَ مَاءٍ وَ أَمْنٍ فَهِيَ لَهُ يَأْخُذُهَا مَتَى شَاءَ وَ إِنْ تَرَكَهَا فِي غَيْرِ كَلَإٍ وَ لَا مَاءٍ فَهِيَ لِمَنْ أَحْيَاهَا .
He-asws said: ‘And Amir Al-Momineen-asws judged regarding a man who neglected his animal in a place, so he-asws said: ‘If he had left it among a pasture, and water, and security, so it is for him, he can take it whenever he so desires to; but if he had left it in other than a pasture, and there was no water, so it is for the one who revives it’.[215]
سَهْلُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ الْجَمَّالِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ مَنْ وَجَدَ ضَالَّةً فَلَمْ يُعَرِّفْهَا ثُمَّ وُجِدَتْ عِنْدَهُ فَإِنَّهَا لِرَبِّهَا وَ مِثْلَهَا مِنْ مَالِ الَّذِي كَتَمَهَا .
Sahl, Bin Ziyad, from Ibn Mahboub,
(It has been narrated) from Safwan Al-Jammal, who heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘The one who finds a stray animal, so he does not introduce it, then it is found to be in his presence, so it is for its lord (owner), and similar to it is from the wealth which he had concealed’.[216]
باب الْهَدِيَّةِ
Chapter 50 – The Gift
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) الْهَدِيَّةُ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَوْجُهٍ هَدِيَّةُ مُكَافَأَةٍ وَ هَدِيَّةُ مُصَانَعَةٍ وَ هَدِيَّةٌ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The gifts are upon three aspects – A gift as a reward, and a gift for getting some work done, and a gift for (the Sake of) Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic’.[217]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْكَرْخِيِّ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ تَكُونُ لَهُ الضَّيْعَةُ الْكَبِيرَةُ فَإِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْمِهْرَجَانِ أَوِ النَّيْرُوزِ أَهْدَوْا إِلَيْهِ الشَّيْءَ لَيْسَ هُوَ عَلَيْهِمْ يَتَقَرَّبُونَ بِذَلِكَ إِلَيْهِ
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, and Ahmad Bin Muhammad, altogether from Ibn Mahboub, from Ibrahim Al Karkhy who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the man who happened to have a big place for him. So whenever it was the day of Al-Mihrjaan or Neyrouz, they would gift him something. It was not upon them (to do so) but they wanted to be closer to him with that’.
فَقَالَ أَ لَيْسَ هُمْ مُصَلِّينَ قُلْتُ بَلَى قَالَ فَلْيَقْبَلْ هَدِيَّتَهُمْ وَ لْيُكَافِهِمْ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) قَالَ لَوْ أُهْدِيَ إِلَيَّ كُرَاعٌ لَقَبِلْتُ وَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الدِّينِ وَ لَوْ أَنَّ كَافِراً أَوْ مُنَافِقاً أَهْدَى إِلَيَّ وَسْقاً مَا قَبِلْتُ وَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الدِّينِ أَبَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِي زَبْدَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَ طَعَامَهُمْ .
So he-asws said: ‘Are they not from the Praying ones?’ I said, ‘Yes’. He-asws said: ‘So let him accept their gifts, and suffice them, for Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘(Even) if a limb of an animal was to be gifted to me-saww, I-saww would accept it, and that was always from the Religion; and if an Infidel or a hypocrite were to gift to me-saww a load, I-saww would not accept it, and that was always from the Religion. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Refused to me-saww the scum of the Polytheists and the hypocrites, and their meals’.[218]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِي جَرِيرٍ الْقُمِّيِّ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي الرَّجُلِ يُهْدِي بِالْهَدِيَّةِ إِلَى ذِي قَرَابَتِهِ يُرِيدُ الثَّوَابَ وَ هُوَ سُلْطَانٌ فَقَالَ مَا كَانَ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ لِصِلَةِ الرَّحِمِ فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ وَ لَهُ أَنْ يَقْبِضَهَا إِذَا كَانَ لِلثَّوَابِ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ismail Bin Mihran, from Abu Jareer Al Qummy,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Al-Hassan-asws regarding the man who gifts with the gift to his near relatives intending the Rewards, and he is a Sultan (ruling authority). So he-asws said: ‘Whatever was for the Sake of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic and for maintenance of good relationships, so it is allowed, and for him is that he takes it when it was for the Rewards’.[219]
سَهْلُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ لَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْقُمِّيُّ إِنَّ لَنَا ضِيَاعاً فِيهَا بُيُوتُ النِّيرَانِ تُهْدِي إِلَيْهَا الْمَجُوسُ الْبَقَرَ وَ الْغَنَمَ وَ الدَّرَاهِمَ فَهَلْ لِأَرْبَابِ الْقُرَى أَنْ يَأْخُذُوا ذَلِكَ وَ لِبُيُوتِ نِيرَانِهِمْ قُوَّامٌ يَقُومُونَ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ لِيَأْخُذْهُ صَاحِبُ الْقُرَى لَيْسَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ .
Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Abdullah Bin Al Mugheira,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Al-Hassan-asws, said: ‘Muhammad Bin Abdullah Al-Qummy said to him-asws, ‘We have an estate wherein are house of fire-worship, the Magians tend to gift to it the cows, and the sheep and the Dirhams. So is it Permissible for the lords of the town that they should be taking that, and for the houses of the fire-worship there are people who are standing (in charge) over it?’ He-asws said: ‘Let the masters of the town take it. There is no problem with it’.[220]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ الْفَقِيرُ يُهْدِي إِلَيَّ الْهَدِيَّةَ يَتَعَرَّضُ لِمَا عِنْدِي فَأَخَذَهَا وَ لَا أُعْطِيهِ شَيْئاً أَ يَحِلُّ لِي قَالَ نَعَمْ هِيَ لَكَ حَلَالٌ وَ لَكِنْ لَا تَدَعْ أَنْ تُعْطِيَهُ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from the one who narrated it, from Yahya Bin Al Mubarak, from Abdullah Bin Jabala, from Is’haq Bin Ammar who said,
‘I said to him, ‘The poor man gifts the gift to me, to be exposed to what is in my presence. So I take it and I do not give him anything. Is it Perissible for me?’ He-asws said: ‘Yes, it is Permissible for you, but do not leave out giving him’.[221]
عِدَّة مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) يَأْكُلُ الْهَدِيَّةَ وَ لَا يَأْكُلُ الصَّدَقَةَ وَ يَقُولُ تَهَادَوْا فَإِنَّ الْهَدِيَّةَ تَسُلُّ السَّخَائِمَ وَ تُجْلِي ضَغَائِنَ الْعَدَاوَةِ وَ الْأَحْقَادِ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Ismail Bin Mihran, form Sayf Bin Ameyra, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww used to eat the gift but he-saww did not eat the charity, and he-saww was saying: ‘Give gifts, for the gift removes the resentmens and the clears out the misgivings, and the enmities, and the grudges’.[222]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) مِنْ تَكْرِمَةِ الرَّجُلِ لِأَخِيهِ الْمُسْلِمِ أَنْ يَقْبَلَ تُحْفَتَهُ وَ يُتْحِفَهُ بِمَا عِنْدَهُ وَ لَا يَتَكَلَّفَ لَهُ شَيْئاً .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, form his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘From the honouring of the man to his Muslim brother is that he accepts his gifts and gifts him with what is with him, and he does not burden anything for him’.[223]
وَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) لَوْ أُهْدِيَ إِلَيَّ كُرَاعٌ لَقَبِلْتُهُ .
And by his chain,
He-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘If an animal limb is gifted to me-asws, I-saww would accept it’.[224]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ جُلَسَاءُ الرَّجُلِ شُرَكَاؤُهُ فِي الْهَدِيَّةِ
Ali Bin Muhammad, form Ahmad Bin Muhammad, form one of his companions, from Aban, from Ibrahim Bin Umar, from Muhammad Bin Muslim who said,
‘The ones sitting around the man are participants in the gift’.[225]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى رَفَعَهُ قَالَ إِذَا أُهْدِيَ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ هَدِيَّةُ طَعَامٍ وَ عِنْدَهُ قَوْمٌ فَهُمْ شُرَكَاؤُهُ فِيهَا الْفَاكِهَةُ وَ غَيْرُهَا .
Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Usman Bin Isa, raising it,
‘He-asws having said: ‘When a gift of food is gifted to the man, and in his presence is a group, so they are his participants in it, the fruits and other such items’.[226]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) لَأَنْ أُهْدِيَ لِأَخِي الْمُسْلِمِ هَدِيَّةً تَنْفَعُهُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَتَصَدَّقَ بِمِثْلِهَا .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, form his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘If I-asws were to gift to my Muslim brother a gift which is beneficial to him, it would be more beloved to me-asws than if I-asws were to give in charity with similar to it’.[227]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْكُوفِيِّ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) تَهَادَوْا بِالنَّبِقِ تَحْيَا الْمَوَدَّةُ وَ الْمُوَالَاةُ .
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad, from Abdul Rahman Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Ibrahim Al Kufy, from Al Husayn Bin Zayd,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Giving gifts with the fruit-bearing trees revives the cordiality and the loyalty’.[228]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) تَهَادَوْا تَحَابُّوا تَهَادَوْا فَإِنَّهَا تَذْهَبُ بِالضَّغَائِنِ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, form Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Give gifts, you would find love. Give gifts, you would remove the malice’.[229]
باب الرِّبَا
Chapter 51 – The Usury (Interest)
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ دِرْهَمٌ رِبًا أَشَدُّ مِنْ سَبْعِينَ زَنْيَةً كُلُّهَا بِذَاتِ مَحْرَمٍ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, form Hisham Bin Salim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘One Dirham of interest is more grievous than seventy adulteries, all of these being with the ones with sanctity (incestuous)’.[230]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) آكِلُ الرِّبَا وَ مُؤْكِلُهُ وَ كَاتِبُهُ وَ شَاهِدُهُ فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, form his father, from Ibn Abu Najran, from Aasim Bin Humeyd, from Muhammad Bin Qays,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘The eater of the interest and its feeder, and its contractor, and its witness with regards to it are equal’.[231]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَأْكُلُ الرِّبَا وَ هُوَ يَرَى أَنَّهُ لَهُ حَرَامٌ قَالَ لَا يَضُرُّهُ حَتَّى يُصِيبَهُ مُتَعَمِّداً فَإِذَا أَصَابَهُ مُتَعَمِّداً فَهُوَ بِالْمَنْزِلَةِ الَّتِي قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Mansour, from Hisham Bin Salim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I asked him-asws about the man who eats the interest and he sees that it is Prohibited for him. He-asws said: ‘It does not harm him until he attains it deliberately. So when he attains it deliverately, so he would be at the status which Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Spoken of’.[232]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ أَبِي الْمَغْرَاءِ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) كُلُّ رِبًا أَكَلَهُ النَّاسُ بِجَهَالَةٍ ثُمَّ تَابُوا فَإِنَّهُ يُقْبَلُ مِنْهُمْ إِذَا عُرِفَ مِنْهُمُ التَّوْبَةُ
Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Washa, from Abu Al Magra, from Al Halby who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Every interest which the people consume due to ignorance, then repent, so it would be Accepted from them, then the repentance is recognised from them’.
وَ قَالَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا وَرِثَ مِنْ أَبِيهِ مَالًا وَ قَدْ عَرَفَ أَنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ الْمَالِ رِبًا وَ لَكِنْ قَدِ اخْتَلَطَ فِي التِّجَارَةِ بِغَيْرِهِ حَلَالٍ كَانَ حَلَالًا طَيِّباً فَلْيَأْكُلْهُ وَ إِنْ عَرَفَ مِنْهُ شَيْئاً أَنَّهُ رِبًا فَلْيَأْخُذْ رَأْسَ مَالِهِ وَ لْيَرُدَّ الرِّبَا
And he-asws said: ‘If a man were to inherit some wealth from his father and has recognised that interest is among that wealth, but it has been mixed up in the business with other than Permissible that which was Permissible and good, so let him eat it; and if he recognises anything from it that is interest, so let him take the capital of his wealth and let him return the interest.
وَ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ أَفَادَ مَالًا كَثِيراً قَدْ أَكْثَرَ فِيهِ مِنَ الرِّبَا فَجَهِلَ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ عَرَفَهُ بَعْدُ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَنْزِعَهُ فِيمَا مَضَى فَلَهُ وَ يَدَعُهُ فِيمَا يَسْتَأْنِفُ .
And whichever man benefits with a lot of wealth and most of it is from the interest, so he was ignorant of that, then he recognises it afterwards, so he intends that he removes it from it regarding what is past, so it is for him, and he should leave with regards to what he resumes’.[233]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ أَتَى رَجُلٌ أَبِي فَقَالَ إِنِّي وَرِثْتُ مَالًا وَ قَدْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ صَاحِبَهُ الَّذِي وَرِثْتُهُ مِنْهُ قَدْ كَانَ يَرْبُو وَ قَدْ أَعْرِفُ أَنَّ فِيهِ رِبًا وَ أَسْتَيْقِنُ ذَلِكَ وَ لَيْسَ يَطِيبُ لِي حَلَالُهُ لِحَالِ عِلْمِي فِيهِ وَ قَدْ سَأَلْتُ فُقَهَاءَ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ وَ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ فَقَالُوا لَا يَحِلُّ أَكْلُهُ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hammad, from Al Halby,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘A man came over to my-asws father-asws, so he said, ‘I inherited some wealth and have come to know that its owner whom I inherited it from used to earn interest, and I do recognise that there is interest among it, and I am certain of that, and its Permissibility is not good for me due to the state of my knowledge with regards to it. And I have asked the jurists of the people of Al-Iraq and the people of Al-Hijaz, so they said, ‘It is not Permissible to eat it’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) إِنْ كُنْتَ تَعْلَمُ بِأَنَّ فِيهِ مَالًا مَعْرُوفاً رِبًا وَ تَعْرِفُ أَهْلَهُ فَخُذْ رَأْسَ مَالِكَ وَ رُدَّ مَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ مُخْتَلِطاً فَكُلْهُ هَنِيئاً مَرِيئاً فَإِنَّ الْمَالَ مَالُكَ وَ اجْتَنِبْ مَا كَانَ يَصْنَعُ صَاحِبُهُ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) قَدْ وَضَعَ مَا مَضَى مِنَ الرِّبَا وَ حَرَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا بَقِيَ فَمَنْ جَهِلَهُ وَسِعَ لَهُ جَهْلُهُ حَتَّى يَعْرِفَهُ فَإِذَا عَرَفَ تَحْرِيمَهُ حَرُمَ عَلَيْهِ وَ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ الْعُقُوبَةُ إِذَا رَكِبَهُ كَمَا يَجِبُ عَلَى مَنْ يَأْكُلُ الرِّبَا .
So Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘If you know for certain that therein is wealth well known as interest, and you recognise its owner, so take the capital of your wealth and return what is besides that; and if it was mixed up, so eat it with enjoyment and wholesomely, for the wealth is your wealth, and keep away from what your companion had done, for Rasool-Allah-saww had placed whatever was made from the interest, and Prohibited unto them what remained. Therefore, the one who is ignorant of it, his ignorance is a leeway for him until he recognises it. So when he recognises its Prohibition, it is Prohibited unto him, and the Punishment is Obligated upon him with regards to it, when he indulges in it just as it is Obligated upon the one who eats the interest’.[234]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُمَرَ الْيَمَانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ الرِّبَا رِبَاءَانِ رِبًا يُؤْكَلُ وَ رِبًا لَا يُؤْكَلُ فَأَمَّا الَّذِي يُؤْكَلُ فَهَدِيَّتُكَ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ تَطْلُبُ مِنْهُ الثَّوَابَ أَفْضَلَ مِنْهَا فَذَلِكَ الرِّبَا الَّذِي يُؤْكَلُ وَ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ ما آتَيْتُمْ مِنْ رِباً لِيَرْبُوَا فِي أَمْوالِ النَّاسِ فَلا يَرْبُوا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad Bin Isa, from Ibrahim Bin Umar Al Yamani,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The interest are two (types) of interest – an interest which can be eaten and an interest which cannot be eaten. So as for the interest which can be eaten, so it is a gift to the man. Seeking the Rewards from it is better than (eating) it. So that is the interest which can be eaten, and these are the Words of the Mighty and Majestic [30:39] And whatever you give out as interest, so that it may increase in the property of the people, it will not increase in the Presence of Allah.
وَ أَمَّا الَّذِي لَا يُؤْكَلُ فَهُوَ الرِّبَا الَّذِي نَهَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَنْهُ وَ أَوْعَدَ عَلَيْهِ النَّارَ .
And as for that which cannot be eaten, so it is the interest which Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Forbidden from it, and Prepared the Fire upon it’.[235]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَدْ ذَكَرَ الرِّبَا فِي غَيْرِ آيَةٍ وَ كَرَّرَهُ فَقَالَ أَ وَ تَدْرِي لِمَ ذَاكَ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ لِئَلَّا يَمْتَنِعَ النَّاسُ مِنِ اصْطِنَاعِ الْمَعْرُوفِ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, form Usman Bin Isa, from Sama’at who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘I see that Allah-azwj the Exalted has Mentioned the interest in another Verse and Repeated it’. So he-asws said: ‘Or do you know why that is so?’ I said, ‘No’. He-asws said: ‘Lest the people refrain from doing the good deeds’.[236]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الرِّبَا لِكَيْلَا يَمْتَنِعَ النَّاسُ مِنِ اصْطِنَاعِ الْمَعْرُوفِ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Salim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘But rather, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Prohibited the interest, lest the people refrain from doing the good deeds’.[237]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ الشَّامِيِّ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَرْبَى بِجَهَالَةٍ ثُمَّ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتْرُكَهُ فَقَالَ أَمَّا مَا مَضَى فَلَهُ وَ لْيَتْرُكْهُ فِيمَا يَسْتَقْبِلُ
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, and Ahmad Bin Muhammad, altogether from Ibn Mahboub, from Khalid Bin Jareer, from Abu Al Rabie Al Shamy who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about a man who consumed interest out of ignorance, then he intended to leave it’. So he-asws said: ‘As for what is past, so it is for him, and let him leave it with regards to what is in the future’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) فَقَالَ إِنِّي قَدْ وَرِثْتُ مَالًا وَ قَدْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ صَاحِبَهُ كَانَ يَرْبُو وَ قَدْ سَأَلْتُ فُقَهَاءَ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ وَ فُقَهَاءَ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ فَذَكَرُوا أَنَّهُ لَا يَحِلُّ أَكْلُهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) إِنْ كُنْتَ تَعْرِفُ مِنْهُ شَيْئاً مَعْزُولًا تَعْرِفُ أَهْلَهُ وَ تَعْرِفُ أَنَّهُ رِبًا فَخُذْ رَأْسَ مَالِكَ وَ دَعْ مَا سِوَاهُ
Then he-asws said: ‘A man came over to Abu Ja’far-asws, so he said, ‘I have inherited some wealth and have come to know that its owner used to consume interest, and I have asked the jurists of the people of Al-Iraq and the jurists of Al-Hijaz, so they mentioned that it is not Permissible to consume it’. So Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘If you recognise anything from it in particular and for it you recognise its owners and recognise that it is interest, so take the capital of your wealth and leave what is besides it.
وَ إِنْ كَانَ الْمَالُ مُخْتَلِطاً فَكُلْهُ هَنِيئاً مَرِيئاً فَإِنَّ الْمَالَ مَالُكَ وَ اجْتَنِبْ مَا كَانَ يَصْنَعُ صَاحِبُكَ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) قَدْ وَضَعَ مَا مَضَى مِنَ الرِّبَا فَمَنْ جَهِلَهُ وَسِعَهُ أَكْلُهُ فَإِذَا عَرَفَهُ حَرُمَ عَلَيْهِ أَكْلُهُ فَإِنْ أَكَلَهُ بَعْدَ الْمَعْرِفَةِ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ مَا وَجَبَ عَلَى آكِلِ الرِّبَا .
However, if the wealth was mixed up, so eat it with enjoyment and wholesomely, for the wealth is your wealth, and keep away from what your companion used to do, for Rasool-Allah-saww had placed (dropped) what was done from the interest. Therefore, the one who is ignorant of it, would be in a leeway of consuming it, so whenever he comes to recognise that its consumption is Prohibited unto him, and if he were to consume it after the recognition, it would Obligate upon him whatever is Obligated upon the consumer of the interest’.[238]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ لَا يَكُونُ الرِّبَا إِلَّا فِيمَا يُكَالُ أَوْ يُوزَنُ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazzal, from Ibn Bukeyr, from Ubeyd Bin Zurara who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘The interest does not happen to be except in what is measured or weighed’.[239]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ [عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ] قَالَ بَلَغَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَأْكُلُ الرِّبَا وَ يُسَمِّيهِ اللِّبَأَ فَقَالَ لَئِنْ أَمْكَنَنِي اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ [مِنْهُ] لَأَضْرِبَنَّ عُنُقَهُ .
Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazzal, from Ibn Bukeyr, from Ubeyd Bin Zurara who said,
‘It reached Abu Abdullah-asws on behalf of a man that he was consuming the interest and he had referred to it as the milk, so he-asws said: ‘If Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic were to Make me-asws to be able over him, I-asws would strike his neck’.[240]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ طَرِيفٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ أَخْبَثُ الْمَكَاسِبِ كَسْبُ الرِّبَا .
Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazzal, from Abu Jameela, from Sa’ad Bin Tareyf,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘The worst of the earnings is the earning of the interest’.[241]
باب أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بَيْنَ الرَّجُلِ وَ بَيْنَ وَلَدِهِ وَ مَا يَمْلِكُهُ رِبًا
Chapter 52 – It is not interest what is between the man and his son and what he owns
حُمَيْدُ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْخَشَّابِ عَنِ ابْنِ بَقَّاحٍ عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ جُمَيْعٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) لَيْسَ بَيْنَ الرَّجُلِ وَ وَلَدِهِ رِباً وَ لَيْسَ بَيْنَ السَّيِّدِ وَ عَبْدِهِ رِبًا .
Humeyd Bin Ziyad, from Al Khashaab, from Ibn Baqqah, from Muaz Bin Sabit, from Amro Bin Jumie,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘There is no interest (usury) in between the man and his son, and there is no interest (usury) in between the master and his slave’.[242]
وَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) لَيْسَ بَيْنَنَا وَ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ حَرْبِنَا رِبًا نَأْخُذُ مِنْهُمْ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ بِدِرْهَمٍ وَ نَأْخُذُ مِنْهُمْ وَ لَا نُعْطِيهِمْ .
And by this chain,
‘He-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘There is no interest (usury) in between us and the people who war against us. We can take a thousand Dirhams from them with one Dirham, and we can take from them and we cannot give them’.[243]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يَاسِينَ الضَّرِيرِ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لَيْسَ بَيْنَ الرَّجُلِ وَ وَلَدِهِ وَ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ عَبْدِهِ وَ لَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ أَهْلِهِ رِبًا إِنَّمَا الرِّبَا فِيمَا بَيْنَكَ وَ بَيْنَ مَا لَا تَمْلِكُ قُلْتُ فَالْمُشْرِكُونَ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَهُمْ رِبًا قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُمْ مَمَالِيكُ فَقَالَ إِنَّكَ لَسْتَ تَمْلِكُهُمْ إِنَّمَا تَمْلِكُهُمْ مَعَ غَيْرِكَ أَنْتَ وَ غَيْرُكَ فِيهِمْ سَوَاءٌ فَالَّذِي بَيْنَكَ وَ بَيْنَهُمْ لَيْسَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ عَبْدَكَ لَيْسَ مِثْلَ عَبْدِكَ وَ عَبْدِ غَيْرِكَ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yaseen Al Zareer, from Hareyz, from Zurara,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘There is no interest (usury) between the man and his son, and between him and his slave, nor between him and his family. But rather, the interest (usury) is in what is between you and what you do not own’.
I said, ‘So the Polytheists, is there interest (usury) in between me and them?’ He-asws said: ‘Yes’. I said, ‘But they are owned slaves’. So he-asws said: ‘You do not own them. But rather you own them along with other. You and other are equal regarding them. Thus, that which is between you and them is not from that, because your slave is not like (one who is) your slave as well as a slave of others (jointly owned)’.[244]
باب فَضْلِ التِّجَارَةِ وَ الْمُوَاظَبَةِ عَلَيْهَا
Chapter 53 – The Preference of the business and the attentiveness over it
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ تَرْكُ التِّجَارَةِ يَنْقُصُ الْعَقْلَ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hammad Bin Usman,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Neglecting the business reduces the intellect’.[245]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ التِّجَارَةُ تَزِيدُ فِي الْعَقْلِ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazzal, from Ibn Bukeyr, from the one who narrated it,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The business increases in the intellect’.[246]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَنْ طَلَبَ التِّجَارَةَ اسْتَغْنَى عَنِ النَّاسِ قُلْتُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ مُعِيلًا قَالَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ مُعِيلًا إِنَّ تِسْعَةَ أَعْشَارِ الرِّزْقِ فِي التِّجَارَةِ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Muhammad Al Za’afrany,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The one who seeks the business becomes needless from the people’. I said, ‘And even if he was the (only) breadwinner?’ He-asws said: ‘And even if he was the (only) breadwinner. None-tenths of the livelihood is in the business’.[247]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْجَهْمِ عَنْ فُضَيْلٍ الْأَعْوَرِ قَالَ شَهِدْتُ مُعَاذَ بْنَ كَثِيرٍ وَ قَالَ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنِّي قَدْ أَيْسَرْتُ فَأَدَعُ التِّجَارَةَ فَقَالَ إِنَّكَ إِنْ فَعَلْتَ قَلَّ عَقْلُكَ أَوْ نَحْوَهُ .
Ahmad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Abu Al Jahm, from Fuzayl Al Awr who said,
‘I witnessed Muaz Bin Kaseer and he said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘I have become affluent, so I want to leave the business’. So he-asws said: ‘If you do, your intellect would be lost’ – or similar to it’.[248]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ فُضَيْلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَيَّ شَيْءٍ تُعَالِجُ قُلْتُ مَا أُعَالِجُ الْيَوْمَ شَيْئاً فَقَالَ كَذَلِكَ تَذْهَبُ أَمْوَالُكُمْ وَ اشْتَدَّ عَلَيْهِ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Abu Ismail, from Fuzayl Bin Yasaar who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Which thing do you for work?’ I said, ‘I do not do any work these days’. So he-asws said: ‘Like that your wealth would go away and it will be difficult upon you’.[249]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبِي الْفَرَجِ الْقُمِّيِّ عَنْ مُعَاذٍ بَيَّاعِ الْأَكْسِيَةِ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَا مُعَاذُ أَ ضَعُفْتَ عَنِ التِّجَارَةِ أَوْ زَهِدْتَ فِيهَا قُلْتُ مَا ضَعُفْتُ عَنْهَا وَ مَا زَهِدْتُ فِيهَا قَالَ فَمَا لَكَ قُلْتُ كُنَّا نَنْتَظِرُ أَمْراً وَ ذَلِكَ حِينَ قُتِلَ الْوَلِيدُ وَ عِنْدِي مَالٌ كَثِيرٌ وَ هُوَ فِي يَدِي وَ لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ عَلَيَّ شَيْءٌ وَ لَا أَرَانِي آكُلُهُ حَتَّى أَمُوتَ فَقَالَ تَتْرُكُهَا فَإِنَّ تَرْكَهَا مَذْهَبَةٌ لِلْعَقْلِ اسْعَ عَلَى عِيَالِكَ وَ إِيَّاكَ أَنْ يَكُونَ هُمُ السُّعَاةَ عَلَيْكَ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Abu Al Faraj Al Qummy, from Muaz Baya’a Al Aksiyya who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said to me: ‘O Muaz! Have you weakened from the business or abstained with regards to it?’ I said, ‘I have not weakened from it and I have not abstained from it’. He-asws said: ‘So what is the matter with you?’ I said, ‘We were awaiting a matter, and that is when Al-Waleed was killed and in my possession was a lot of wealth, and it was in my hands, and there was nothing for anyone upon me (a debt), nor did I see myself eating it all up until I die’. So he-asws said: ‘You have neglected it, and the neglecting of it is a depletion for the intellect. Strive for your dependents and for yourself so that they would be happy over you’.[250]
مُحَمَّدٌ وَ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ أَحْمَرَ قَالَ كَانَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ لِمُصَادِفٍ اغْدُ إِلَى عِزِّكَ يَعْنِي السُّوقَ .
Muhammad and someone else, from Ahmad Bin Isa, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Ali Bin Atiyya, from Hisham Bin Ahmad who said,
‘Abu Al-Hassan-asws was saying to Musadif: ‘Go early to your honour- meaning the marketplace’.[251]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بُنْدَارَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ شَرِيفِ بْنِ سَابِقٍ عَنِ الْفُضَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي قُرَّةَ قَالَ سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ رَجُلٍ وَ أَنَا حَاضِرٌ فَقَالَ مَا حَبَسَهُ عَنِ الْحَجِّ فَقِيلَ تَرَكَ التِّجَارَةَ وَ قَلَّ شَيْئُهُ قَالَ وَ كَانَ مُتَّكِئاً فَاسْتَوَى جَالِساً ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمْ لَا تَدَعُوا التِّجَارَةَ فَتَهُونُوا اتَّجِرُوا بَارَكَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ .
Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Bundar, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from Shareef Bin Sabiq, from Al Fuzayl Bin Abu Qurra who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws was asked about a man and I was present, so he-asws said:’ And what has withheld him from the Hajj’. So it was said, ‘Neglect of the business and scarcity of his assets’. He (the narrator) said, ‘And he-asws was leaning, so he-asws sat upright then said to them: ‘Do not leave the business for you would be belittled. Do business, may Allah-azwj Bless you all’.[252]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ جَدِّهِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ تَعَرَّضُوا لِلتِّجَارَةِ فَإِنَّ فِيهَا غِنًى لَكُمْ عَمَّا فِي أَيْدِي النَّاسِ .
Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Qasim Bin Yahya, from his grandfather Al Hassan Bin Rashid, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said:’Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘Display (your goods) for the business, for therein is rightness for you from what is in the hands of the people’.[253]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ بَيَّاعِ الْأَكْسِيَةِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنِّي قَدْ هَمَمْتُ أَنْ أَدَعَ السُّوقَ وَ فِي يَدِي شَيْءٌ قَالَ إِذاً يَسْقُطَ رَأْيُكَ وَ لَا يُسْتَعَانَ بِكَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Huzeyfa Bin Mansour, from Muaz Bin Kaseer Baya’a Al Aksiya who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘I have thought that I shall leave the marketplace and in my hand is something (acquired wealth)’. He-asws said: ‘Then (the value of) your opinion would deteriorate and no one would like to seek consultation with you upon anything’.[254]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ فُضَيْلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنِّي قَدْ كَفَفْتُ عَنِ التِّجَارَةِ وَ أَمْسَكْتُ عَنْهَا قَالَ وَ لِمَ ذَلِكَ أَ عَجْزٌ بِكَ كَذَلِكَ تَذْهَبُ أَمْوَالُكُمْ لَا تَكُفُّوا عَنِ التِّجَارَةِ وَ الْتَمِسُوا مِنْ فَضْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Umar Bin Azina, from Fuzayl Bin Yasaar who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘I had refrained from the business and have withheld from it’. He-asws said: ‘And why is that so? Are you crippled with? That is how your wealth goes away. Do not refrain from the business and seek from the Grace of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic’.[255]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَجَّالِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ وَ كَانَ خَتَنَ بُرَيْدٍ الْعِجْلِيِّ قَالَ بُرَيْدٌ لِمُحَمَّدٍ سَلْ لِي أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ شَيْءٍ أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَصْنَعَهُ إِنَّ لِلنَّاسِ فِي يَدِي وَدَائِعَ وَ أَمْوَالًا وَ أَنَا أَتَقَلَّبُ فِيهَا وَ قَدْ أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَتَخَلَّى مِنَ الدُّنْيَا وَ أَدْفَعَ إِلَى كُلِّ ذِي حَقٍّ حَقَّهُ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Abdullah Al Hajjal, from Ali Bin Uqba, from Muhammad Bin Muslim, and he was the in-law of Bureyd Al Ijaly.
Bureyd said to Muhammad, ‘Ask Abu Abdullah-asws for me about something. I want to do such that the deposits and the wealth which I hold for the people, and I keep turning in these, and I have intended that I shall empty myself from the world and hand over to each one with his right, (from the) rights (I have with me)’.
قَالَ فَسَأَلَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ ذَلِكَ وَ خَبَّرَهُ بِالْقِصَّةِ وَ قَالَ مَا تَرَى لَهُ فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَ يَبْدَأُ نَفْسَهُ بِالْحَرَبِ لَا وَ لَكِنْ يَأْخُذُ وَ يُعْطِي عَلَى اللَّهِ جَلَّ اسْمُهُ .
He (the narrator) said, ‘So Muhammad asked Abu Abdullah-asws about that, and informed him-asws of the story and said, ‘What do you-asws see for him?’ So he-asws said: ‘O Muhammad! Has he initiated the war against himself. No! But, he should take and give, upon Allah-azwj, Majestic is His-azwj Name’.[256]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ قَالَ كَانَ أَبُو الْخَطَّابِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَفْسُدَ وَ هُوَ يَحْمِلُ الْمَسَائِلَ لِأَصْحَابِنَا وَ يَجِيءُ بِجَوَابَاتِهَا رَوَى عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ اشْتَرُوا وَ إِنْ كَانَ غَالِياً فَإِنَّ الرِّزْقَ يَنْزِلُ مَعَ الشِّرَاءِ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Ali Bin Uqba who said,
‘Abu Al-Khatab, before he was spoil, and he used to carry the questions of our companions, and come back with their answers, (he) reported from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Buy, even though it may be expensive, as the sustenance descends for the buyer (when he spends)’.[257]
باب آدَابِ التِّجَارَةِ
Chapter 54 – Ettiquettes of the business
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ عَنِ الْأَصْبَغِ بْنِ نُبَاتَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ يَا مَعْشَرَ التُّجَّارِ الْفِقْهَ ثُمَّ الْمَتْجَرَ الْفِقْهَ ثُمَّ الْمَتْجَرَ الْفِقْهَ ثُمَّ الْمَتْجَرَ وَ اللَّهِ لَلرِّبَا فِي هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ أَخْفَى مِنْ دَبِيبِ النَّمْلِ عَلَى الصَّفَا شُوبُوا أَيْمَانَكُمْ بِالصِّدْقِ التَّاجِرُ فَاجِرٌ وَ الْفَاجِرُ فِي النَّارِ إِلَّا مَنْ أَخَذَ الْحَقَّ وَ أَعْطَى الْحَقَّ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from usman Bin Isa, from Abu Al Jaroud, from Al Asbagh Bin Nubata who said,
‘I heard Amir Al-Momineen-asws saying upon the Pulpit: ‘O group of businessmen! The jurisprudence, then the business! The jurisprudence, then the business! The jurisprudence, then the business! By Allah-azwj! The interest (usury) in this community is more hidden than the footsteps of the ant upon the dark rock. Immerse your beliefs with the truthfulness. If the business man is an immoral, then immoral is in the Fire except for the one who takes the right and gives the right’.[258]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) مَنْ بَاعَ وَ اشْتَرَى فَلْيَحْفَظْ خَمْسَ خِصَالٍ وَ إِلَّا فَلَا يَشْتَرِيَنَّ وَ لَا يَبِيعَنَّ الرِّبَا وَ الْحَلْفَ وَ كِتْمَانَ الْعَيْبِ وَ الْحَمْدَ إِذَا بَاعَ وَ الذَّمَّ إِذَا اشْتَرَى .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The one who sells and buys, so let him not practice five characteristics, or else he whould neither be buying nor selling – The interest (usury), and the oath, and concealment of the faults (in the goods), and the praise (of the goods) when he sells, and the condemnation (of the goods sold by others) when he buys’.[259]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي الْمِقْدَامِ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) بِالْكُوفَةِ عِنْدَكُمْ يَغْتَدِي كُلَّ يَوْمٍ بُكْرَةً مِنَ الْقَصْرِ فَيَطُوفُ فِي أَسْوَاقِ الْكُوفَةِ سُوقاً سُوقاً وَ مَعَهُ الدِّرَّةُ عَلَى عَاتِقِهِ وَ كَانَ لَهَا طَرَفَانِ وَ كَانَتْ تُسَمَّى السَّبِيبَةَ
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad and Ahmad Bin Muhammad and Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, altogether from Ibn Mahboub, from Amro Bin Abu Al Miqdam, from Jabir,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws was at Al-Kufa among you all, every day having breakfast early morning from the bread. So he-asws would circle in the markets of Al-Kufa, market after market, and with him-asws was a whip upon his-asws shoulder, and for it were two end bits, and it was called Al-Sabayba.
فَيَقِفُ عَلَى أَهْلِ كُلِّ سُوقٍ فَيُنَادِي يَا مَعْشَرَ التُّجَّارِ اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَإِذَا سَمِعُوا صَوْتَهُ ( عليه السلام ) أَلْقَوْا مَا بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَ أَرْعَوْا إِلَيْهِ بِقُلُوبِهِمْ وَ سَمِعُوا بِآذَانِهِمْ
So he-asws would pause at the people of each market, and he-asws would call out: ‘O group of businessmen! Fear Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic!’ So whenever they heard his-asws voice, they would throw down what was in their hands and they would hearken to him-asws with their hearts, and listen to him with their ears’.
فَيَقُولُ ( عليه السلام ) قَدِّمُوا الِاسْتِخَارَةَ وَ تَبَرَّكُوا بِالسُّهُولَةِ وَ اقْتَرِبُوا مِنَ الْمُبْتَاعِينَ وَ تَزَيَّنُوا بِالْحِلْمِ وَ تَنَاهَوْا عَنِ الْيَمِينِ وَ جَانِبُوا الْكَذِبَ وَ تَجَافَوْا عَنِ الظُّلْمِ وَ أَنْصِفُوا الْمَظْلُومِينَ وَ لَا تَقْرَبُوا الرِّبَا وَ أَوْفُوا الْكَيْلَ وَ الْمِيزَانَ وَ لا تَبْخَسُوا النَّاسَ أَشْياءَهُمْ وَ لا تَعْثَوْا فِي الْأَرْضِ مُفْسِدِينَ
So he-asws would be saying: ‘Procced with the Choice of Allah-azwj (Al-Istikhara) and Blessings with the ease, and be closer to the buyers, and adorn yourselves with the forbearance and keep away from the oaths, and keep aside from the lies and the betrayals of the injustices, and do justice with the oppressed, and do not go near the interest (usury), and be loyal in the measuring and weighing, and do not belittle the things of the people and do not go around the land creating mischief!’
فَيَطُوفُ ( عليه السلام ) فِي جَمِيعِ أَسْوَاقِ الْكُوفَةِ ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ فَيَقْعُدُ لِلنَّاسِ .
Thus, he-asws would be circling in the entirety of the markets of Al-Kufa, then he-asws would return, so he-asws would sit (in judgement) for the people’.[260]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَاسَانِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ الْجَعْفَرِيِّ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ قَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) لَمْ يَأْذَنْ لِحَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ بِالتِّجَارَةِ حَتَّى ضَمِنَ لَهُ إِقَالَةَ النَّادِمِ وَ إِنْظَارَ الْمُعْسِرِ وَ أَخْذَ الْحَقِّ وَافِياً وَ غَيْرَ وَافٍ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Ali Bin Muhammad Al Qasany, form Ali Bin Asbaat, from Abdullah Bin Al Qasim Al Ja’fary, from sone of his family members who said that,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww did not give permission for Hakeem Bin Hizam for the doing of business until he guaranteed to him-saww for the settlement (accepting returned goods) from the regretful buyer, and the respite for the insolvent, and taking (price for his goods) in full or less’.[261]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ خَلَفِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الْهَاشِمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ جَاءَتْ زَيْنَبُ الْعَطَّارَةُ الْحَوْلَاءُ إِلَى نِسَاءِ النَّبِيِّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَجَاءَ النَّبِيُّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَإِذَا هِيَ عِنْدَهُمْ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) إِذَا أَتَيْتِنَا طَابَتْ بُيُوتُنَا فَقَالَتْ بُيُوتُكَ بِرِيحِكَ أَطْيَبُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) إِذَا بِعْتِ فَأَحْسِنِي وَ لَا تَغُشِّي فَإِنَّهُ أَتْقَى لِلَّهِ وَ أَبْقَى لِلْمَالِ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from his father, from Khalaf Bin Hammad, from Al Husayn Bin Zayd Al Hashimy,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Zaynab Al-Attar Al-Hawla came over to the wives of the Prophet-saww. So the Prophet-saww came over and she was with them. So the Prophet-saww said: ‘Whenever you come over to us, you aromatise our rooms’. So she said, ‘You-saww room is more aromatic by your-asws aroma, O Rasool-Allah-saww! So Rasool-Allah-saww said to her: ‘Whenever you sell, so make it good (pure) and do not mix it up, for it is more fearful of Allah-azwj and more remaining for the wealth’.[262]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِذَا قَالَ لَكَ الرَّجُلُ اشْتَرِ لِي فَلَا تُعْطِهِ مِنْ عِنْدِكَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي عِنْدَكَ خَيْراً مِنْهُ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father and Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazaan, altogether from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Al Hakam,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Whenever the man says to you, ‘Buy for me’, so do not give it to him from your (goods), and even though that which was with you is better than it (what you would buy for him from others)’.[263]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) السَّمَاحَةُ مِنَ الرَّبَاحِ قَالَ ذَلِكَ لِرَجُلٍ يُوصِيهِ وَ مَعَهُ سِلْعَةٌ يَبِيعُهَا .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Tolerance (discounting) is from the gains’. He-saww said that to a man whom he-saww advised and with him was a commodity he wanted to sell’.[264]
وَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ مَرَّ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) عَلَى جَارِيَةٍ قَدِ اشْتَرَتْ لَحْماً مِنْ قَصَّابٍ وَ هِيَ تَقُولُ زِدْنِي فَقَالَ لَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ زِدْهَا فَإِنَّهُ أَعْظَمُ لِلْبَرَكَةِ .
And by his chain,
‘(The Imam-asws) said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said to a slave girl who had bought meat from a butcher, and she was saying, ‘Increase it for me’, so Amir Al-Momineen-asws said to him: ‘Increase it for her, for it is greater for the Blessings’.[265]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ إِذَا قَالَ الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ هَلُمَّ أَحْسِنْ بَيْعَكَ يَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِ الرِّبْحُ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Abdul Rahman Bin Abu Najran, from Ali Bin Abdul Raheem, from a man,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I heard him-asws saying: ‘Whenever the man says to the man, ‘Come with me, I will sell you (something) with a good deal, (taking) the profit (in that condition) would be Prohibited upon him’.[266]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ جُذَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي رَجُلٍ عِنْدَهُ بَيْعٌ فَسَعَّرَهُ سِعْراً مَعْلُوماً فَمَنْ سَكَتَ عَنْهُ مِمَّنْ يَشْتَرِي مِنْهُ بَاعَهُ بِذَلِكَ السِّعْرِ وَ مَنْ مَاكَسَهُ وَ أَبَى أَنْ يَبْتَاعَ مِنْهُ زَادَهُ قَالَ لَوْ كَانَ يَزِيدُ الرَّجُلَيْنِ وَ الثَّلَاثَةَ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِذَلِكَ بَأْسٌ فَأَمَّا أَنْ يَفْعَلَهُ بِمَنْ أَبَى عَلَيْهِ وَ كَايَسَهُ وَ يَمْنَعُهُ مِمَّنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فَلَا يُعْجِبُنِي إِلَّا أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ بَيْعاً وَاحِداً .
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moalla Bin Muhammad, from one of our companions, from Aban, from Aamir Bin Juza’at,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said regarding a man so he fixed a price tag with a known (fixed) price. So the one who remained silent from it from the ones who bought from him, he sold it with that price, and the one who bargained and refused, he sold it to him for an increased price’. He-asws said: ‘If he had increased it for two men or three, there would not happen to be any problem with that. But if he did it with (every) one who refused to him and bargained it and prevented it from the ones who did not do that, so I-asws do not like it except that he should sell with one price (for everyone)’.[267]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) صَاحِبُ السِّلْعَةِ أَحَقُّ بِالسَّوْمِ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, form his father, form Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The owner of the commodity is more rightful to (putting) the price tag’.[268]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) عَنِ السَّوْمِ مَا بَيْنَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ إِلَى طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ .
A number of our companions, form Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Ali Bin Asbaat, raising it, said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww forbade from the bargaining during what is between the emergence of the dawn up to the emergence of the sun (early morning)’.[269]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ نُبِّئْتُ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ بَيْعَيْنِ اطْرَحْ وَ خُذْ عَلَى غَيْرِ تَقْلِيبٍ وَ شِرَاءَ مَا لَمْ يُرَ .
Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Abdul Rahman Bin Hammad, from Muhammad Bin Sinan who said,
‘It has emerged from Abu Ja’far-asws that he-asws disliked selling of the dropped goods taken upon with being turned around (checked for any damage), and buying what has not been seen’.[270]
أَحْمَدُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ غَبْنُ الْمُسْتَرْسِلِ سُحْتٌ.
Ahmad, from Muhammad Bin Ali, from Abu Jameela, from Is’haq Bin Ammar,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Deliberate cheating is an ill-gotten gain’.[271]
عَنْهُ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُيَسِّرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ غَبْنُ الْمُؤْمِنِ حَرَامٌ .
From him, from Usman Bin Isa, from Muyassar,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Cheating the Believer is Prohibited’.[272]
أَحْمَدُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ أَيُّمَا عَبْدٍ أَقَالَ مُسْلِماً فِي بَيْعٍ أَقَالَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَثْرَتَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ .
Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Ali, from Yazeed Bin Is’haq, from Haroun Bin Hamza, from Abu Hamza,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Whichever servant settles (accepts returned goods) regarding his sale, Allah-azwj the Exalted would Settle his mistakes on the Day of Judgement’.[273]
أَحْمَدُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الدَّغْشِيِّ قَالَ كُنْتُ عَلَى بَابِ شِهَابِ بْنِ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ فَخَرَجَ غُلَامُ شِهَابٍ فَقَالَ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَسْأَلَ هَاشِمَ الصَّيْدَنَانِيَّ عَنْ حَدِيثِ السِّلْعَةِ وَ الْبِضَاعَةِ
Ahmad, from Ali Bin Ahmad, from Is’haq Bin Sa’ad Al Ashary, from Abdullah Bin Saeed Al Daghashy who said,
‘I was at the door of Shihab Bin Abd Rabbih, so a slave of Shiab came out and said, ‘I want to ask Hisham Al-Saydani about a Hadeeth of the items and the merchandise’.
قَالَ فَأَتَيْتُ هَاشِماً فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْحَدِيثِ فَقَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنِ الْبِضَاعَةِ وَ السِّلْعَةِ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ مَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ سِلْعَةٌ أَوْ بِضَاعَةٌ إِلَّا قَيَّضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَنْ يُرْبِحُهُ فَإِنْ قَبِلَ وَ إِلَّا صَرَفَهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ رَدَّ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ .
He (the narrator) said, ‘So I went over to Hashim and asked him about the Hadeeth. So he said, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws said the merchandise and the items, so he-asws said: ‘Yes, there is none who happens to have some merchandise with him or an item (for sale) except that Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Ordains one who would profit him. So either he accepts (the offer of the buyer) or else it is exchanged to someone else, and that is because he rejected upon Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic’.[274]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى رَفَعَ الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ كَانَ أَبُو أُمَامَةَ صَاحِبُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) يَقُولُ أَرْبَعٌ مَنْ كُنَّ فِيهِ فَقَدْ طَابَ مَكْسَبُهُ إِذَا اشْتَرَى لَمْ يَعِبْ وَ إِذَا بَاعَ لَمْ يَحْمَدْ وَ لَا يُدَلِّسُ وَ فِيمَا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ لَا يَحْلِفُ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, raising the Hadeeth, said,
‘Abu Amama, a companion of Rasool-Allah-saww was saying, ‘I heard Rasool-Allah-saww saying: ‘If four things happen to be in someone, so his earnings are good – whenever he buyes, he does not fault (the merchandise to have its price reduced); and whenever he sells, he does not praise (the merchandise to get it sold); and he does not cheat (conceal defects of the merchandise being sold); and in what is between that, he does not swear oaths (to get the merchandise sold or bought)’.[275]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمَّادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ مُيَسِّرٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنَّ عَامَّةَ مَنْ يَأْتِينِي مِنْ إِخْوَانِي فَحُدَّ لِي مِنْ مُعَامَلَتِهِمْ مَا لَا أَجُوزُهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ فَقَالَ إِنْ وَلَّيْتَ أَخَاكَ فَحَسَنٌ وَ إِلَّا فَبِعْ بَيْعَ الْبَصِيرِ الْمُدَاقِّ .
Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Salih Bin Abu Hammad, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Huzeyfa Bin Mansour, from Muyassar who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws that, ‘The general Muslims are the ones who are coming to me (as buyers), from my brethren, so establish a limit for me from their affaris what I cannot exceed to others’. So he-asws said: ‘If you protect your brethren, good, or else, sell a sale of the one with insight, the hair-splitter’.[276]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى بْنِ أَعْيَنَ قَالَ قَالَ نُبِّئْتُ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ بَيْعَيْنِ اطْرَحْ وَ خُذْ عَلَى غَيْرِ تَقْلِيبٍ وَ شِرَاءَ مَا لَمْ يُرَ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ibn Sinan, from Yunus, from Ibn Sinan, from Yunus Bin Yaqoub, from Abdul Al A’ala Bin Ayn who said,
‘It has emerged from Abu Ja’far-asws that he-asws disliked selling the dropped (goods) taken upon without be turned around (checked for any damage), and buying what has not been seen’.[277]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ بَشَّارٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ رَفَعَهُ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ رِجالٌ لا تُلْهِيهِمْ تِجارَةٌ وَ لا بَيْعٌ عَنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ قَالَ هُمُ التُّجَّارُ الَّذِينَ لَا تُلْهِيهِمْ تِجَارَةٌ وَ لَا بَيْعٌ عَنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِذَا دَخَلَ مَوَاقِيتُ الصَّلَاةِ أَدَّوْا إِلَى اللَّهِ حَقَّهُ فِيهَا .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Al Husayn Bin Bashar, from a man, raising it,
‘Regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic [24:37] Men whom neither merchandise nor selling diverts from the Remembrance of Allah, he-asws said: ‘They are the merchants whom neither the business nor the selling diverts them from the Remembrance of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, whenever the timings of the Prayer come up, they deliver to Allah-azwj, His-azwj Rights with regards to it’.[278]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ بَزِيعٍ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ وَ أَبِي شِبْلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ رِبْحُ الْمُؤْمِنِ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِ رِبًا إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ بِأَكْثَرَ مِنْ مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ فَارْبَحْ عَلَيْهِ قُوتَ يَوْمِكَ أَوْ يَشْتَرِيَهُ لِلتِّجَارَةِ فَارْبَحُوا عَلَيْهِمْ وَ ارْفُقُوا بِهِمْ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Muhammad Bin Ismail Bin Bazie, from Salih Bin Uqba, from Suleyman Bin Salih and Abu Shibl,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: Taking profit from a Believer (on a small item) is like taking interest, except if he were to buy in excess of one hundred Dirhams, so the profit upon it would be his living for his day, or if he buys for the business (for re-selling), so make a profit upon them and be kind with them’.[279]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ مَنِ اتَّجَرَ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ ارْتَطَمَ فِي الرِّبَا ثُمَّ ارْتَطَمَ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Talha Bin Zayd,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘The one who trades without knowledge would run into interest (usury), then run into it (repeatedly)’.
قَالَ وَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ لَا يَقْعُدَنَّ فِي السُّوقِ إِلَّا مَنْ يَعْقِلُ الشِّرَاءَ وَ الْبَيْعَ .
He-asws said: ‘And Amir Al-Momineen-asws was saying: ‘He should not sit in the marketplace except the one who comprehends (fully understands) the buying and the selling (principles)’.[280]
باب فَضْلِ الْحِسَابِ وَ الْكِتَابَةِ
Chapter 55 – Merits of the accounting and the writing
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ مَنَّ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى النَّاسِ بَرِّهِمْ وَ فَاجِرِهِمْ بِالْكِتَابِ وَ الْحِسَابِ وَ لَوْ لَا ذَلِكَ لَتَغَالَطُوا .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from a man, from Jameel,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I heard him-asws saying: ‘It is a Favour from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic upon the people, their righteous ones and their immoral ones, with the writing and the accounting; and had it not been for that, they would make mistakes’.[281]
باب السَّبْقِ إِلَى السُّوقِ
Chapter 56 – The preceding to the marketplace
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) سُوقُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَمَسْجِدِهِمْ فَمَنْ سَبَقَ إِلَى مَكَانٍ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ وَ كَانَ لَا يَأْخُذُ عَلَى بُيُوتِ السُّوقِ الْكِرَاءَ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Talha Bin Zayd,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Amir Al Momineen-asws said: ‘A market of the Muslims is like their Masjid, so the one who preceded to a place is he would be more rightful with it up to the night’, and he-asws did not charge rent upon the rooms of the market place’.[282]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سُوقُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَمَسْجِدِهِمْ يَعْنِي إِذَا سَبَقَ إِلَى السُّوقِ كَانَ لَهُ مِثْلَ الْمَسْجِدِ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from one of our companions,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘A market of the Muslims is like their Masjid, meaning when they go to the market, it would be like (going to) the Masjid for him’.[283]
باب مَنْ ذَكَرَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى فِي السُّوقِ
Chapter 57 – The one who remembers Allah-azwj the Exalted in the marketplace
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ حَنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) يَا أَبَا الْفَضْلِ أَ مَا لَكَ مَكَانٌ تَقْعُدُ فِيهِ فَتُعَامِلَ النَّاسَ قَالَ قُلْتُ بَلَى قَالَ مَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ مُؤْمِنٍ يَرُوحُ أَوْ يَغْدُو إِلَى مَجْلِسِهِ أَوْ سُوقِهِ فَيَقُولُ حِينَ يَضَعُ رِجْلَهُ فِي السُّوقِ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ خَيْرِهَا وَ خَيْرِ أَهْلِهَا إِلَّا وَكَّلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِهِ مَنْ يَحْفَظُهُ وَ يَحْفَظُ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ فَيَقُولُ لَهُ قَدْ أُجِرْتَ مِنْ شَرِّهَا وَ شَرِّ أَهْلِهَا يَوْمَكَ هَذَا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ قَدْ رُزِقْتَ خَيْرَهَا وَ خَيْرَ أَهْلِهَا فِي يَوْمِكَ هَذَا
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Hanaan, from his father wo said,
‘Abu Ja’far-asws said to me: ‘O Abu Al-Fazl! Is there any place for you whereby you can sit in and do business with the people?’ I said, ‘Yes’. He-asws said: ‘There is none from a Believing man who goes or comes to his gathering or his marketplace, so he is saying when he places his foot in the marketplace,
‘اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ خَيْرِهَا وَ خَيْرِ أَهْلِهَا’
‘O Allah-azwj! I ask You-azwj from its goodness and the goodness of its people’, except that Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic would Allcoate with him one (Angel) who would protect him, and guard him until he returns to his house. So he (the Angel) would be saying to him: ‘I have rescued you from its evil and the evil of its people on this day of yours by the Permission of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and I have graced its goodness and the goodness of its people to you in this day of yours’.
فَإِذَا جَلَسَ مَجْلِسَهُ قَالَ حِينَ يَجْلِسُ
So when he sits is his seat, he says when he sits,
‘أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ فَضْلِكَ حَلَالًا طَيِّباً وَ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ أَنْ أَظْلِمَ أَوْ أُظْلَمَ وَ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ صَفْقَةٍ خَاسِرَةٍ وَ يَمِينٍ كَاذِبَةٍ’
‘I testify that there is no god except for Allah-azwj, One, not having any associates for Him-azwj, and I testify that Muhammad-saww is His-azwj servant and His-azwj Rasool-saww. O Allah-azwj! I ask You-azwj from Your-azwj Grace, Permissible, good, and I seek Refuge with You-azwj from being unjust and suffering injustice; and I seek Refuge with You-azwj from loss-making deals and false oaths’.
فَإِذَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ الْمُوَكَّلُ بِهِ أَبْشِرْ فَمَا فِي سُوقِكَ الْيَوْمَ أَحَدٌ أَوْفَرَ مِنْكَ حَظّاً قَدْ تَعَجَّلْتَ الْحَسَنَاتِ وَ مُحِيَتْ عَنْكَ السَّيِّئَاتُ وَ سَيَأْتِيكَ مَا قَسَمَ اللَّهُ لَكَ مُوَفَّراً حَلَالًا طَيِّباً مُبَارَكاً فِيهِ .
So when he says that, the Angel who is Allocated with him, says to him: ‘Receive glad tidings! There is no one in your market which is more ampler than you in a share. The good has been hastened and the evil has been obliterated from you, and you will be receiving what Allah-azwj has Apportioned for you with ampleness, Permissible, good, with Blessings therein’.[284]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِذَا دَخَلْتَ سُوقَكَ فَقُلِ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ خَيْرِهَا وَ خَيْرِ أَهْلِهَا وَ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّهَا وَ شَرِّ أَهْلِهَا اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ أَنْ أَظْلِمَ أَوْ أُظْلَمَ أَوْ أَبْغِيَ أَوْ يُبْغَى عَلَيَّ أَوْ أَعْتَدِيَ أَوْ يُعْتَدَى عَلَيَّ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ إِبْلِيسَ وَ جُنُودِهِ وَ شَرِّ فَسَقَةِ الْعَرَبِ وَ الْعَجَمِ وَ حَسْبِيَ اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ عَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلْتُ وَ هُوَ رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Muawiya Bin Ammar,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Whenever you enter your marketplace, so say, ‘O Allah-azwj! I ask You-asws from its goodness and the goodness of its people, and I seek Refuge with you from its evil and the evil of its people! O Allah-azwj I seek Refuge with You-azwj from being unjust or suffering injustice, or rebelling or being rebelled against, or exceeding or being exceeded against. O Allah-azwj! I seek Refuge with You-azwj from the evil of Iblees-la and his-la army, and evil of the wickeds ones of the Arabs and the non-Arabs; and Sufficient is Allah-azwj for me, there being no god except for Him-azwj, and upon Him-azwj do I rely, and He-azwj is the Lord-azwj of the Magnificent Throne’.[285]
باب الْقَوْلِ عِنْدَ مَا يُشْتَرَى لِلتِّجَارَةِ
Chapter 58 – The words during what one buys for the business
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِذَا اشْتَرَيْتَ شَيْئاً مِنْ مَتَاعٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ فَكَبِّرْ ثُمَّ قُلِ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي اشْتَرَيْتُهُ أَلْتَمِسُ فِيهِ مِنْ فَضْلِكَ فَصَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ اللَّهُمَّ فَاجْعَلْ لِي فِيهِ فَضْلًا اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي اشْتَرَيْتُهُ أَلْتَمِسُ فِيهِ مِنْ رِزْقِكَ [اللَّهُمَّ] فَاجْعَلْ لِي فِيهِ رِزْقاً ثُمَّ أَعِدْ كُلَّ وَاحِدَةٍ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad, from Hareyz,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Whenever you buy anything from a shop or something else, so exclaim Takbeer, then say, ‘O Allah-azwj! I am buyind it, seeking therein from Your-azwj Grace, so Send Blessings upon Muhammad-saww and the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww! O Allah-azwj! So Make Grace to be therein for me! O Allah-azwj! I am buying it seeking therein Grace from Your-azwj sustenance. O Allah-azwj! So Make sustenance to be therein for me’. Then repeat each one three times’.[286]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ عَنْ هُذَيْلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِذَا اشْتَرَيْتَ جَارِيَةً فَقُلِ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْتَشِيرُكَ وَ أَسْتَخِيرُكَ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazzal, from Sa’alba Bin Maymoun, from Huzayl,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Whenever you buy a slave girl, so say, ‘O Allah-azwj! I consult You-azwj and opt for Your-azwj Choice of goodness (Istikhara)’.[287]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِذَا أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ شَيْئاً فَقُلْ يَا حَيُّ يَا قَيُّومُ يَا دَائِمُ يَا رَءُوفُ يَا رَحِيمُ أَسْأَلُكَ بِعِزَّتِكَ وَ قُدْرَتِكَ وَ مَا أَحَاطَ بِهِ عِلْمُكَ أَنْ تَقْسِمَ لِي مِنَ التِّجَارَةِ الْيَوْمَ أَعْظَمَهَا رِزْقاً وَ أَوْسَعَهَا فَضْلًا وَ خَيْرَهَا عَاقِبَةً فَإِنَّهُ لَا خَيْرَ فِيمَا لَا عَاقِبَةَ لَهُ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, and Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Muawiya Bin Ammar,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said, ‘Whenever you intend to buy something, so say, ‘O Living, O Guardian, Oh Eternal, O Kind, O Merciful! I ask You-azwj by Your-azwj Honour, and Your-azwj Power and what Your-azwj Knowledge eencompasses, that You-azwj Apportion for me from the business today with a great sustenance, and extensive Grace, and its goodness being the end result, so there is no goodness in what there is no end result for it’.
قَالَ وَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِذَا اشْتَرَيْتَ دَابَّةً أَوْ رَأْساً فَقُلِ اللَّهُمَّ اقْدِرْ لِي أَطْوَلَهَا حَيَاةً وَ أَكْثَرَهَا مَنْفَعَةً وَ خَيْرَهَا عَاقِبَةً .
He (the narrator) said, ‘And Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘Whenever you buy an animal, or a head (slave), so say, ‘O Allah-azwj! Enable for me the longevity of its life, and the abundance of its benefit, and the goodness of its end result’.[288]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِذَا اشْتَرَيْتَ دَابَّةً فَقُلِ اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ كَانَتْ عَظِيمَةَ الْبَرَكَةِ فَاضِلَةَ الْمَنْفَعَةِ مَيْمُونَةَ النَّاصِيَةِ فَيَسِّرْ لِي شِرَاهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ فَاصْرِفْنِي عَنْهَا إِلَى الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ لِي مِنْهَا فَإِنَّكَ تَعْلَمُ وَ لَا أَعْلَمُ وَ تَقْدِرُ وَ لَا أَقْدِرُ وَ أَنْتَ عَلَّامُ الْغُيُوبِ تَقُولُ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Muawiya Bin Ammar,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Whenever you buy an animal (a vehicle), so say, ‘O Allah-azwj! If there will be great Blessings, Grace, profits, of auspicious forelocks, so Ease its buying for me; and if there are to be other than that, so Turn me away from it to that one which is better for me than it, for You-azwj Know and I do not know, and You-azwj are Able and I am not able, and You-azwj are the Knower of the unseen’ – You should be saying that three times’.[289]
باب مَنْ تُكْرَهُ مُعَامَلَتُهُ وَ مُخَالَطَتُهُ
Chapter 59 – The ones with whom dealings and inter-mingling is abhorred
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ صَبِيحٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) لَا تَشْتَرِ مِنْ مُحَارَفٍ فَإِنَّ صَفْقَتَهُ لَا بَرَكَةَ فِيهَا .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Al Abbas Bin Al Waleed Bin Sabeeh, from his father who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said to me: ‘Do not buy from a corrupter (mixer of the goods), for there is no Blessing in his deal’.[290]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى وَ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ الشَّامِيِّ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ عِنْدَنَا قَوْماً مِنَ الْأَكْرَادِ وَ إِنَّهُمْ لَا يَزَالُونَ يَجِيئُونَ بِالْبَيْعِ فَنُخَالِطُهُمْ وَ نُبَايِعُهُمْ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا الرَّبِيعِ لَا تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِنَّ الْأَكْرَادَ حَيٌّ مِنْ أَحْيَاءِ الْجِنِّ كَشَفَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمُ الْغِطَاءَ فَلَا تُخَالِطُوهُمْ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, and someone else from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from the one who narrated it, from Abu Al Rabie Al Shamy who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws, so I said, ‘With us there are people from the Kurds, and they are not ceasing to come with the sale of goods, so we tend to inter-mingle with them and buy from them’. So he-asws said: ‘O Abu Al-Rabie! Do not inter-mingle with them, for the Kurds are a section from the sections of the Jinn. Allah-azwj has Uncovered the covering from them. So do not inter-mingle with them’.[291]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ عَنْ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ خَارِجَةَ عَنْ مُيَسِّرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) لَا تُعَامِلْ ذَا عَاهَةٍ فَإِنَّهُمْ أَظْلَمُ شَيْءٍ .
Ahmad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from someone else from his companions, from Ali Bin Asbaat, from Husayn Bin Kharjat, from Maysar Bin Abdul Aziz who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said to me: ‘Do not deal with people with the defects, for they are the most unjust ones’.[292]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ ظَرِيفِ بْنِ نَاصِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لَا تُخَالِطُوا وَ لَا تُعَامِلُوا إِلَّا مَنْ نَشَأَ فِي الْخَيْرِ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazzal, from Zareyf Bin Nasih,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Do not inter-mingle and do not have dealings except with the ones who have grown in the goodness’.[293]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) احْذَرُوا مُعَامَلَةَ أَصْحَابِ الْعَاهَاتِ فَإِنَّهُمْ أَظْلَمُ شَيْءٍ .
Ahmad Bin Muhammad, raising it, said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Be cautious of having dealings with the people with deformities, for they are the most unjust ones’.[294]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَقْطِينٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مَيَّاحٍ عَنْ عِيسَى عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَنَّهُ قَالَ إِيَّاكَ وَ مُخَالَطَةَ السَّفِلَةِ فَإِنَّ السَّفِلَةَ لَا يَئُولُ إِلَى خَيْرٍ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Bin Yaqteen, from Al Husayn Bin Mayyah, from Isa,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Beware of inter-mingling with the lowly people (rif-raff), for the lowly do not lead to the goodness’.[295]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بُنْدَارَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ فَضْلٍ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى الرَّازِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) لَا تُخَالِطُوا وَ لَا تُعَامِلُوا إِلَّا مَنْ نَشَأَ فِي الْخَيْرِ .
Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Bundar, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from his father, from Fazl Al Nowfaly, from Ibn Abu Yahya Al Razy who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Neither inter-mingle nor have dealings with anyone except the one who grew up in the goodness’.[296]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ عَنْ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ خَارِجَةَ عَنْ مُيَسِّرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) لَا تُعَامِلْ ذَا عَاهَةٍ فَإِنَّهُمْ أَظْلَمُ شَيْءٍ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from a number of our companions, from Ali Bin Asbaat, from Husayn Bin Kharjat, from Maysar Bin Abdul Aziz who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said to me: ‘Do not have dealings with the ones with deformities, for they are the most unjust ones’.[297]
باب الْوَفَاءِ وَ الْبَخْسِ
Chapter 60 – Fulfilment and the undervalutation (of measuring and weighing)
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لَا يَكُونُ الْوَفَاءُ حَتَّى يَمِيلَ الْمِيزَانُ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Ibn Fazzal, from Ibn Bakeyr, from Hammad Bin Basheer,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The fulfilment does not occur unless the ‘scale’ inclines (tilts in favour of the buyer)’.[298]
عَنْهُ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُرَازِمٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ قَالَ مَنْ أَخَذَ الْمِيزَانَ بِيَدِهِ فَنَوَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَ لِنَفْسِهِ وَافِياً لَمْ يَأْخُذْ إِلَّا رَاجِحاً وَ مَنْ أَعْطَى فَنَوَى أَنْ يُعْطِيَ سَوَاءً لَمْ يُعْطِ إِلَّا نَاقِصاً .
From him, from Yaqoub Bin Yazeed, from Muhammad Bin Murazim,, from a man, from Is’haq Bin Ammar who said,
‘The one who takes the scale in his hands, so he intends that he take a full measure for himself, does not take except for an overweighing (measure); and the one who gives, so he intends that he would give equal, does not give except for a deficient (measure)’.[299]
عَنْهُ عَنِ الْحَجَّالِ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنِّي صَاحِبُ نَخْلٍ فَخَبِّرْنِي بِحَدٍّ أَنْتَهِي إِلَيْهِ فِيهِ مِنَ الْوَفَاءِ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) انْوِ الْوَفَاءَ فَإِنْ أَتَى عَلَى يَدِكَ وَ قَدْ نَوَيْتَ الْوَفَاءَ نُقْصَانٌ كُنْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْوَفَاءِ وَ إِنْ نَوَيْتَ النُّقْصَانَ ثُمَّ أَوْفَيْتَ كُنْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِ النُّقْصَانِ .
From him, from Al Hajjal, from Ubeyd Bin Is’haq who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘I am an owner of plam trees, so inform me with a limit that I should end up to with regards to it from the full measurement’. So Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Intend the full measurement. So if you give by your hand with a deficiency and you have intended the full measurement, you would be from the people of the full measurement; and if you were to intend the deficiency, then you (by fluke) give the full measurement, you would be from people who have measured out deficiently’.[300]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ مُثَنًّى الْحَنَّاطِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ نِيَّتِهِ الْوَفَاءُ وَ هُوَ إِذَا كَالَ لَمْ يُحْسِنْ أَنْ يَكِيلَ قَالَ فَمَا يَقُولُ الَّذِينَ حَوْلَهُ قَالَ قُلْتُ يَقُولُونَ لَا يُوفِي قَالَ هَذَا لَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَكِيلَ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Musna Al Hannat, from one of our companions,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘A man intends the full measurement, and he, when he weighs, is not good at it in weighing’. He-asws said: ‘So what are they saying, those who are around him?’ I said, ‘They are saying, ‘He does no give full measure’. He-asws said: ‘This one, it is not befitting for him that he weighs’.[301]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لَا يَكُونُ الْوَفَاءُ حَتَّى يَرْجَحَ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from someone else,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The full measurement does not happen until it swings (scale tilts in favour of the buyer)’.[302]
باب الْغِشِّ
Chapter 61 – The Cheating
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ غَشَّنَا .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, and Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, altogether from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Salim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘He is not from us-asws the one who cheats us-asws’.[303]
وَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) لِرَجُلٍ يَبِيعُ التَّمْرَ يَا فُلَانُ أَ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَنْ غَشَّهُمْ .
And by this chain,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said to a man selling dates: ‘O so and so! Do you not know that he is not from the Muslims, the one who cheats them?’[304]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سِجَادَةَ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ قَالَ كُنَّا عِنْدَ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) فَإِذَا دَنَانِيرُ مَصْبُوبَةٌ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَنَظَرَ إِلَى دِينَارٍ فَأَخَذَهُ بِيَدِهِ ثُمَّ قَطَعَهُ بِنِصْفَيْنِ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي أَلْقِهِ فِي الْبَالُوعَةِ حَتَّى لَا يُبَاعَ شَيْءٌ فِيهِ غِشٌّ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from one of our companions, from Sajada, from Musa Bin Bakr who said,
‘We were in the presence of Abu Al-Hassan-asws, and there were some Dinars in front of him-asws. So he-asws looked at a Dinar, took it in his-asws hand, then broke it into two halves, then said to me: ‘Throw it in the sewer until something in which is cheating would not be sold (again)’.[305]
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ عُبَيْسِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ يَبِيعُ الدَّقِيقَ فَقَالَ إِيَّاكَ وَ الْغِشَّ فَإِنَّ مَنْ غَشَّ غُشَّ فِي مَالِهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ غُشَّ فِي أَهْلِهِ .
Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Bin Abdullah, from Ubeys Bin Hisham, from a man from his companions,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘A man came over to him-asws selling the flour, so he-asws said: ‘Beware of the cheating, for the one who cheats, would himself be cheated in his wealth. So if there does not happen to be wealth for him, he would be cheated in his family’.[306]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) عَنْ أَنْ يُشَابَ اللَّبَنُ بِالْمَاءِ لِلْبَيْعِ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-azwj forbade from the milk be mixed with the water for the selling’.[307]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ كُنْتُ أَبِيعُ السَّابِرِيَّ فِي الظِّلَالِ فَمَرَّ بِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ( عليه السلام ) فَقَالَ لِي يَا هِشَامُ إِنَّ الْبَيْعَ فِي الظِّلِّ غِشٌّ وَ إِنَّ الْغِشَّ لَا يَحِلُّ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Al Hakam who said,
‘I was selling Al-Sabiriyya (a fabric) in the shade, so Abu Al-Hassan Musa-asws passed by me, so he-asws said to me: ‘O Hisham! The selling in the shade (in darkness) is cheating, and that cheating is not Permissible’.[308]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ عَنْ سَعْدٍ الْإِسْكَافِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَرَّ النَّبِيُّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فِي سُوقِ الْمَدِينَةِ بِطَعَامٍ فَقَالَ لِصَاحِبِهِ مَا أَرَى طَعَامَكَ إِلَّا طَيِّباً وَ سَأَلَهُ عَنْ سِعْرِهِ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يَدُسَّ يَدَيْهِ فِي الطَّعَامِ فَفَعَلَ فَأَخْرَجَ طَعَاماً رَدِيّاً فَقَالَ لِصَاحِبِهِ مَا أَرَاكَ إِلَّا وَ قَدْ جَمَعْتَ خِيَانَةً وَ غِشّاً لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Ibn Mahboub, from Abu Jameela, from Sa’ad Al Askaaf,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘The Prophet-saww passed in a food market stall of Al-Medina, so he-saww said to its owner: ‘I-saww do not see your food except as good’, and he-saww asked him about its price. So Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed unto him-saww that he-saww should insert his-saww hand in the food. So he-saww did it, and there came out food which had perished. So he-saww said to its owner: ‘I-saww do not see you except as having gathered betrayal and cheating for the Muslims’.[309]
باب الْحَلْفِ فِي الشِّرَاءِ وَ الْبَيْعِ
Chapter 62 – The oath during the buying and the selling
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْفَزَارِيِّ قَالَ دَعَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) مَوْلًى لَهُ يُقَالُ لَهُ مُصَادِفٌ فَأَعْطَاهُ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ وَ قَالَ لَهُ تَجَهَّزْ حَتَّى تَخْرُجَ إِلَى مِصْرَ فَإِنَّ عِيَالِي قَدْ كَثُرُوا
Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Ahmad Bin Al Nazar, from Abu Ja’far Al Fazary who said,
‘Abu Abdullah called over a slave of his-asws called Musadif. So he-asws gave him a thousand Dinars and said to him: ‘Equip yourself until you go out to Egypt, for my-asws dependents have multiplied’.
قَالَ فَتَجَهَّزَ بِمَتَاعٍ وَ خَرَجَ مَعَ التُّجَّارِ إِلَى مِصْرَ فَلَمَّا دَنَوْا مِنْ مِصْرَ اسْتَقْبَلَتْهُمْ قَافِلَةٌ خَارِجَةٌ مِنْ مِصْرَ فَسَأَلُوهُمْ عَنِ الْمَتَاعِ الَّذِي مَعَهُمْ مَا حَالُهُ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ وَ كَانَ مَتَاعَ الْعَامَّةِ فَأَخْبَرُوهُمْ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِمِصْرَ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ فَتَحَالَفُوا وَ تَعَاقَدُوا عَلَى أَنْ لَا يَنْقُصُوا مَتَاعَهُمْ مِنْ رِبْحِ الدِّينَارِ دِينَاراً
He said, ‘So I equipped myself with belongings and went out along with the merchants to Egypt. So when we approached Egypt, a caravan met them outside of Egypt. So they asked them (Egyptians) about the belongings which were with them, what was its state in the city, and the belongings were general (items). So they (Egyptians) informed them that there was nothing from it available in Egypt. So they vowed and agreed upon that they would not draw out their belongings of a Dinar for a profit less than a Dinar (100% mark-up).
فَلَمَّا قَبَضُوا أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَ انْصَرَفُوا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَدَخَلَ مُصَادِفٌ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) وَ مَعَهُ كِيسَانِ فِي كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ أَلْفُ دِينَارٍ فَقَالَ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ هَذَا رَأْسُ الْمَالِ وَ هَذَا الْآخَرُ رِبْحٌ فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا الرِّبْحَ كَثِيرٌ وَ لَكِنْ مَا صَنَعْتَهُ فِي الْمَتَاعِ فَحَدَّثَهُ كَيْفَ صَنَعُوا وَ كَيْفَ تَحَالَفُوا
So when they grabbed their wealth (profits) and left to go to Al-Medina, Musadif came over to Abu Abdullah-asws and with him were two bags, in each of the bags being a thousand Dinars. So he said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! This is the capital of the wealth, and this is another, a profit’. So he-asws said: ‘This profit is a lot, but what did you do regarding the goods?’ So he narrated to him-asws how he had dealt and how they had all oathed (for doubling of the price).
فَقَالَ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ تَحْلِفُونَ عَلَى قَوْمٍ مُسْلِمِينَ أَلَّا تَبِيعُوهُمْ إِلَّا رِبْحَ الدِّينَارِ دِينَاراً ثُمَّ أَخَذَ أَحَدَ الْكِيسَيْنِ فَقَالَ هَذَا رَأْسُ مَالِي وَ لَا حَاجَةَ لَنَا فِي هَذَا الرِّبْحِ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مُصَادِفُ مُجَادَلَةُ السُّيُوفِ أَهْوَنُ مِنْ طَلَبِ الْحَلَالِ .
So he-asws said: ‘Glory be to Allah-azwj! They were oathing against a group of Muslims that they would not be selling to them except for a profit of a Dinar with the Dinar?’ Then he-asws took one of the bags, so he-asws said: ‘This is the capital of my-asws wealth, and there is no need for us-asws with regards to this profit’. Then he-asws said: ‘O Musadif! A dispute of the swords is easier than seeking the Permissible’.[310]
وَ عَنْهُ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْكُوفِيِّ عَنْ عُبَيْسِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ تَغْلِبَ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ قَامَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) عَلَى دَارِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ وَ كَانَ يُقَامُ فِيهَا الْإِبِلُ فَقَالَ يَا مَعَاشِرَ السَّمَاسِرَةِ أَقِلُّوا الْأَيْمَانَ فَإِنَّهَا مَنْفَقَةٌ لِلسِّلْعَةِ مَمْحَقَةٌ لِلرِّبْحِ .
And from him, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Al Kufy, from Ubeys Bin Hisham, from Aban Bin Taghlub, from Abu Hamza, raising it, said,
‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws stood at the door of Ibn Abu Mueet, and the camels used to stand therein, so he-asws said: ‘O group of middlemen! Lessen the oaths, for (although) these are more profitable for the price, (but) are (eventually) destructive for the profits’.[311]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الدِّهْقَانِ عَنْ دُرُسْتَ بْنِ أَبِي مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ ثَلَاثَةٌ لَا يَنْظُرُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَيْهِمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَحَدُهُمْ رَجُلٌ اتَّخَذَ اللَّهَ بِضَاعَةً لَا يَشْتَرِي إِلَّا بِيَمِينٍ وَ لَا يَبِيعُ إِلَّا بِيَمِينٍ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ubeydullah Al Dahqaan, from Dorost Bin Abu mansour, from Ibrahim Bin Abdul Hameed,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Al-Hassan Musa-asws having said: ‘Three (types of people), Allah-azwj the Exalted would not be Considering them on the Day of Judgement – one of them is a man who takes Allah-azwj with a commodity. He neither buys except with an oath, and he does not sell except with an oath’.[312]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ زَعْلَانَ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ رَفَعَهُ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ إِيَّاكُمْ وَ الْحَلْفَ فَإِنَّهُ يُنَفِّقُ السِّلْعَةَ وَ يَمْحَقُ الْبَرَكَةَ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Za’laan, from Abu Ismail,
(It has been narrated) raising it from Amir Al-Momineen-asws that he-asws was saying: ‘Beware of swearing the oath, for it frees up the price and it obliterates the Blessings’.[313]
باب الْأَسْعَارِ
Chapter 63 – The Inflation
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ الْغِفَارِيِّ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) عَلَامَةُ رِضَا اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فِي خَلْقِهِ عَدْلُ سُلْطَانِهِمْ وَ رُخْصُ أَسْعَارِهِمْ وَ عَلَامَةُ غَضَبِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى عَلَى خَلْقِهِ جَوْرُ سُلْطَانِهِمْ وَ غَلَاءُ أَسْعَارِهِمْ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Yaqoub Bin Yazeed, from Al Ghufary, from Al Qasim Bin Is’haq, from his father, from his grandfather who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘A sign of Pleasure of Allah-azwj the exalted among His-azwj creatures is the justice of their Sultan (ruling authority), and cheapness of their prices (low inflation); and a Sign of the Anger of Allah-azwj Blessed and High upon His-azwj creatures is the inequity of their Sultan (ruling authority) and the expensiveness of their prices (high inflation)’.[314]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ وَكَّلَ بِالسِّعْرِ مَلَكاً فَلَنْ يَغْلُوَ مِنْ قِلَّةٍ وَ لَا يَرْخُصَ مِنْ كَثْرَةٍ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Yaqoub Bin Yazeed, from Muhammad Bin Aslam, from the one who mentioned it,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj Majestic and Mighty has Allocated an Angel to (regulate) the prices, so these would never be high from scarcity, nor would be be low from abundance’.[315]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنِ الْحَجَّالِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَكَّلَ بِالسِّعْرِ مَلَكاً يُدَبِّرُهُ بِأَمْرِهِ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Al Abbas Bin marouf, from Al Hajjal, from one of his companions, from Abu Hamza Al Sumaly,
(It has been narrated) from Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Allocated an Angel with the prices, managing these by His-azwj Command’.[316]
سَهْلُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَكَّلَ بِالْأَسْعَارِ مَلَكاً يُدَبِّرُهَا .
Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Yaqoub Bin Yazeed, from the one who mentioned it,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Allocated an Angel with the prices, to manage it’.[317]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لَمَّا صَارَتِ الْأَشْيَاءُ لِيُوسُفَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ ( عليهما السلام ) جَعَلَ الطَّعَامَ فِي بُيُوتٍ وَ أَمَرَ بَعْضَ وُكَلَائِهِ فَكَانَ يَقُولُ بِعْ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا وَ السِّعْرُ قَائِمٌ فَلَمَّا عَلِمَ أَنَّهُ يَزِيدُ فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ كَرِهَ أَنْ يَجْرِيَ الْغَلَاءُ عَلَى لِسَانِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ اذْهَبْ فَبِعْ وَ لَمْ يُسَمِّ لَهُ سِعْراً
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Abdul Rahman Bin Hammad, from Yunus Bin Yaqoub, from Sa’ad, from a man,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When the things came to be for Yusuf-as Bin Yaqoub-as, he-as made the good to be in the houses (granaries) and ordered one of his representatives, so he-as was saying: ‘Sell for such and such’, and the price was fixed. So when he-as came to know that it had increased during that day, he-as dislike that he speak of the high prices upon his-as tongue, so he-as said to him: ‘Go and sell’, but did not name the price for him.
فَذَهَبَ الْوَكِيلُ غَيْرَ بَعِيدٍ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ اذْهَبْ فَبِعْ وَ كَرِهَ أَنْ يَجْرِيَ الْغَلَاءُ عَلَى لِسَانِهِ فَذَهَبَ الْوَكِيلُ فَجَاءَ أَوَّلُ مَنِ اكْتَالَ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ دُونَ مَا كَانَ بِالْأَمْسِ بِمِكْيَالٍ قَالَ الْمُشْتَرِي حَسْبُكَ إِنَّمَا أَرَدْتُ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا فَعَلِمَ الْوَكِيلُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ غَلَا بِمِكْيَالٍ
So the representative did not go far, then returned to him-as. So he-asws said to him: ‘Go and sell’, and he-asws did not speak of the high price upon his-as tongue. So the representative went. So the first (buyer) came for the measurement. So when it reached less that what was the day before with the measurement, the buyer said, ‘But rather, I wanted with such and such’. So the representative came to that he had priced it high with the measurement.
ثُمَّ جَاءَهُ آخَرُ فَقَالَ لَهُ كِلْ لِي فَكَالَ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ دُونَ الَّذِي كَالَ لِلْأَوَّلِ بِمِكْيَالٍ قَالَ لَهُ الْمُشْتَرِي حَسْبُكَ إِنَّمَا أَرَدْتُ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا فَعَلِمَ الْوَكِيلُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ غَلَا بِمِكْيَالٍ حَتَّى صَارَ إِلَى وَاحِدٍ بِوَاحِدٍ .
Then another one came other, so he said to him, ‘Measure out for me’. So he measure out. So when it reached less than that which he had measured out for the first one, the buyer said to him, ‘Sufficient for you! But rather, I wanted with such and such’. So the representative came to know that he had priced it high (by giving out less measure) with the measurement, to the extent that it (prices came down) to one with one’.[318]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ السَّرَّاجِ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ غَلَاءُ السِّعْرِ يُسِيءُ الْخُلُقَ وَ يُذْهِبُ الْأَمَانَةَ وَ يُضْجِرُ الْمَرْءَ الْمُسْلِمَ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahman Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Abu Ismail Al Sarraj, from Hafs Bin Umar, from a man,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The high prices worsens the manners, and removes the trustworthiness, and wears out the magnanimity of the Muslim’.[319]
أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ رَفَعَهُ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِنِّي أَراكُمْ بِخَيْرٍ قَالَ كَانَ سِعْرُهُمْ رَخِيصاً .
Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from one of his companions, raising it,
‘Regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic [11:84] surely I see you with properity, he-asws said: ‘Their prices used to be low’.[320]
باب الْحُكْرَةِ
Chapter 64 – The Monopoly (Price control by hoarding)
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ غِيَاثِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لَيْسَ الْحُكْرَةُ إِلَّا فِي الْحِنْطَةِ وَ الشَّعِيرِ وَ التَّمْرِ وَ الزَّبِيبِ وَ السَّمْنِ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, form Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Giyas Bin Ibrahim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘There is no monopolisation except regarding the wheat, and the barley, and the dates, and the raisins, and the butter’.[321]
مُحَمَّدٌ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ نَفِدَ الطَّعَامُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَأَتَاهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَدْ نَفِدَ الطَّعَامُ وَ لَمْ يَبْقَ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا عِنْدَ فُلَانٍ فَمُرْهُ يَبِيعُهُ النَّاسَ
Muhammad, from Ahmad, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Huzeyfa Bin Mansour,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The food (supplies) ran out in the era of Rasool-Allah-saww. So the Muslims came over to him-saww and they said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! The food (supply) has run out and there does not remain anything from it except with so and so, therefore order him to sell it to the people’.
قَالَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَ أَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا فُلَانُ إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ذَكَرُوا أَنَّ الطَّعَامَ قَدْ نَفِدَ إِلَّا شَيْئاً عِنْدَكَ فَأَخْرِجْهُ وَ بِعْهُ كَيْفَ شِئْتَ وَ لَا تَحْبِسْهُ .
He-asws said: ‘So he-saww Praised Allah-azwj and Extolled Him-azwj, then said: ‘O so and so! The Muslims are mentioning that the food (supply) has run out except for the things which are with you, therefore bring these out and sell it howsoever you so desire to, and do not withhold it’.[322]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ الْحُكْرَةُ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ طَعَاماً لَيْسَ فِي الْمِصْرِ غَيْرُهُ فَيَحْتَكِرَهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي الْمِصْرِ طَعَامٌ أَوْ يُبَاعُ غَيْرُهُ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يَلْتَمِسَ بِسِلْعَتِهِ الْفَضْلَ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hammad, from Al Halby,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The monopoly is in that when food is bought, and there is nothing in the city apart from it, so it is monopolised. So if there was (sufficient) food in the city, or someone else was selling it (as well), so there is no problem with seeking the preferential price’.
قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الزَّيْتِ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ عِنْدَ غَيْرِكَ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِإِمْسَاكِهِ .
He (the narrator) said, ‘And I asked him-asws about the oil, so he-asws said: ‘If it was with someone other than you, so there is no problem with withholding it’.[323]
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ أَبِي الْفَضْلِ سَالِمٍ الْحَنَّاطِ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) مَا عَمَلُكَ قُلْتُ حَنَّاطٌ وَ رُبَّمَا قَدِمْتُ عَلَى نَفَاقٍ وَ رُبَّمَا قَدِمْتُ عَلَى كَسَادٍ فَحَبَسْتُ فَقَالَ فَمَا يَقُولُ مَنْ قِبَلَكَ فِيهِ قُلْتُ يَقُولُونَ مُحْتَكِرٌ فَقَالَ يَبِيعُهُ أَحَدٌ غَيْرُكَ قُلْتُ مَا أَبِيعُ أَنَا مِنْ أَلْفِ جُزْءٍ جُزْءاً قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ حَكِيمُ بْنُ حِزَامٍ وَ كَانَ إِذَا دَخَلَ الطَّعَامُ الْمَدِينَةَ اشْتَرَاهُ كُلَّهُ فَمَرَّ عَلَيْهِ النَّبِيُّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَقَالَ يَا حَكِيمَ بْنَ حِزَامٍ إِيَّاكَ أَنْ تَحْتَكِرَ .
Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Safwan, from Abu Al Fazl, Salim Al Hannat who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said to me: ‘What is your work?’ I said, ‘A wheat merchant, and sometimes I proceed upon a marketable period, and sometimes I proceed upon a sluggish period, so I withhold it’. So he-asws said: ‘So what are the ones in front of you saying with regards to it?’ I said, ‘They are saying, ‘A monopoliser’. So he-asws said: ‘Does anyone other than you selling it?’ I said, ‘What I sell is one part from a thousand parts’. He-asws said: ‘There is no problem. But rather, that was a man from the Qureysh call Hakeem Bin Hizam, and whenever food entered Al-Medina, he used to buy all of it. So the Prophet-saww passed by him and said: ‘O Hakeem Bin Hizam, beware of monopolising’.[324]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَحْتَكِرُ الطَّعَامَ وَ يَتَرَبَّصُ بِهِ هَلْ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ الطَّعَامُ كَثِيراً يَسَعُ النَّاسَ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ الطَّعَامُ قَلِيلًا لَا يَسَعُ النَّاسَ فَإِنَّهُ يُكْرَهُ أَنْ يَحْتَكِرَ الطَّعَامَ وَ يَتْرُكَ النَّاسَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ طَعَامٌ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hammad, from Al Halby,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I asked him-asws about the man who monopolised the food and he awaited with it. Is that allowed?’ So he-asws said: ‘If the food was abundant, being freely available for the people, so there is no problem with it; and if the food was scarce, not freely available for the people, so it is abhorrent that he monopolises the food and leaves the people with when there being no food for them’.[325]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ الْقَدَّاحِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) الْجَالِبُ مَرْزُوقٌ وَ الْمُحْتَكِرُ مَلْعُونٌ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Al Ashary, from Ibn Al Qadah,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The bringer (of the food) is Graced with sustenance, and the monpoliser is an accursed’.[326]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ الْحُكْرَةُ فِي الْخِصْبِ أَرْبَعُونَ يَوْماً وَ فِي الشِّدَّةِ وَ الْبَلَاءِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ فَمَا زَادَ عَلَى الْأَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً فِي الْخِصْبِ فَصَاحِبُهُ مَلْعُونٌ وَ مَا زَادَ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْعُسْرَةِ فَصَاحِبُهُ مَلْعُونٌ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The monopolising during the abundance is of forty days, and during the difficulty and the affliction is of three days. So whatever is increased upon the forty days during the abundance, so its perpetrator is an accursed, and whatever is increased upon three days during the shortages, so its perpetrator is an accursed’.[327]
باب
Chapter 65 – A Chapter
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ قَالَ أَصَابَ أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ غَلَاءٌ وَ قَحْطٌ حَتَّى أَقْبَلَ الرَّجُلُ الْمُوسِرُ يَخْلِطُ الْحِنْطَةَ بِالشَّعِيرِ وَ يَأْكُلُهُ وَ يَشْتَرِي بِبَعْضِ الطَّعَامِ وَ كَانَ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) طَعَامٌ جَيِّدٌ قَدِ اشْتَرَاهُ أَوَّلَ السَّنَةِ فَقَالَ لِبَعْضِ مَوَالِيهِ اشْتَرِ لَنَا شَعِيراً فَاخْلِطْ بِهَذَا الطَّعَامِ أَوْ بِعْهُ فَإِنَّا نَكْرَهُ أَنْ نَأْكُلَ جَيِّداً وَ يَأْكُلُ النَّاسُ رَدِيّاً .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Ismail Bin Mihran, from Hammad Bin Usman who said,
‘The people of Al-Medina were hit by high prices and a drought to the extent that the affluent used to mix the wheat with the barley and he would eat it, and they would buy only part of the food (required), and there was good quality food with Abu Abdullah-asws which he-asws had bought it at the beginning of the year. So he-asws said to one of his-asws adherents: ‘Buy some barley for us-asws so I-asws can mix it with this food, otherwise sell it, for we-asws do not like it that we-asws should eat good quality food while the people eat the perished (food)’.[328]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ جَهْمِ بْنِ أَبِي جَهْمَةَ عَنْ مُعَتِّبٍ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) وَ قَدْ تَزَيَّدَ السِّعْرُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ كَمْ عِنْدَنَا مِنْ طَعَامٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ عِنْدَنَا مَا يَكْفِيكَ أَشْهُراً كَثِيرَةً قَالَ أَخْرِجْهُ وَ بِعْهُ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ali Bin Ismail, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Jahm Bin Abu Jahma, from Mo’tab who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said to me, and the prices had increased in Al-Median: ‘How much food is there with us-asws?’ I said, ‘With us is what would suffice you-asws for a month or more’. He-asws said: ‘Take it out and sell it’.
قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ وَ لَيْسَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ طَعَامٌ قَالَ بِعْهُ فَلَمَّا بِعْتُهُ قَالَ اشْتَرِ مَعَ النَّاسِ يَوْماً بِيَوْمٍ وَ قَالَ يَا مُعَتِّبُ اجْعَلْ قُوتَ عِيَالِي نِصْفاً شَعِيراً وَ نِصْفاً حِنْطَةً فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ أَنِّي وَاجِدٌ أَنْ أُطْعِمَهُمُ الْحِنْطَةَ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا وَ لَكِنِّي أُحِبُّ أَنْ يَرَانِيَ اللَّهُ قَدْ أَحْسَنْتُ تَقْدِيرَ الْمَعِيشَةِ .
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘And there is no food in Al-Medina’. He-asws said: ‘Sell it’. So when I had sold it, he-asws said: ‘Buy (food) along with the people day after day’. And he-asws said: ‘O Mo’tab! Make the daily provision for my-asws dependents to be half barley and half wheat, for Allah-azwj Knows that I-asws can feed them the wheat upon its own aspec, but I-asws love it that Allah-azwj should See me-asws that I-asws have managed the living in a good way’.[329]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بُنْدَارَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَسِّنِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ مُعَتِّبٍ قَالَ كَانَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) يَأْمُرُنَا إِذَا أَدْرَكَتِ الثَّمَرَةُ أَنْ نُخْرِجَهَا فَنَبِيعَهَا وَ نَشْتَرِيَ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَوْماً بِيَوْمٍ .
Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Bundar, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from Mohsan Bin Ahmad, from Yunus Bin yaqoub, from Mo’tab who said,
‘Abu Al-Hassan-asws used to order us whenever we realised the fruit harvest that we should take it out and sell them, and buy along with the Muslims, on a day to day basis’.[330]
باب فَضْلِ شِرَاءِ الْحِنْطَةِ وَ الطَّعَامِ
Chapter 66 – The merits of buying the wheat and the foodstuffs
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ نَصْرِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْكُوفِيِّ عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ شِرَاءُ الْحِنْطَةِ يَنْفِي الْفَقْرَ وَ شِرَاءُ الدَّقِيقِ يُنْشِئُ الْفَقْرَ وَ شِرَاءُ الْخُبْزِ مَحْقٌ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ أَبْقَاكَ اللَّهُ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى شِرَاءِ الْحِنْطَةِ قَالَ ذَاكَ لِمَنْ يَقْدِرُ وَ لَا يَفْعَلُ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Nasr Bin Is’haq Al Kufy, from Abbad Bin Habeeb who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘Buying the wheat negates the poverty, and buying the flour initiates the poverty, and buying the bread is annihilation (of the wealth)’. I said to him-asws, ‘May Allah-saww Make you-asws to remain! So (what about) the one who is unable upon buying the wheat?’ He-asws said: ‘That is for the one who is able, but does not do it’.[331]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ الزَّبَّالِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَكَ دِرْهَمٌ فَاشْتَرِ بِهِ الْحِنْطَةَ فَإِنَّ الْمَحْقَ فِي الدَّقِيقِ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Salma Bin Al Khattab, from Ali Bin Al Munzir Al Zayyad, from Muhammad Bin Al Fuzayl,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Whenever there was a Dirham with you, so buy the wheat with it, for the annihilation is in the flour’.[332]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الصَّبَّاحِ الْكِنَانِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَا أَبَا الصَّبَّاحِ شِرَاءُ الدَّقِيقِ ذُلٌّ وَ شِرَاءُ الْحِنْطَةِ عِزٌّ وَ شِرَاءُ الْخُبْزِ فَقْرٌ فَنَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الْفَقْرِ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Muhammad Bin Ali, from Abdullah Bin Jabala, from Abu Al Sabbah Al Kinany who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said to me: ‘O Abu Al Sabbah! Buying the flour is a disgrace, and buying the wheat is an honour, and buying the bread is poverty. We-asws seek Refuge with Allah-saww from the poverty’.[333]
باب كَرَاهَةِ الْجِزَافِ وَ فَضْلِ الْمُكَايَلَةِ
Chapter 67 – Abhorrence of the thing of unknown measurement or weight, and preference of the measurement
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ شَكَا قَوْمٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) سُرْعَةَ نَفَادِ طَعَامِهِمْ فَقَالَ تَكِيلُونَ أَوْ تَهِيلُونَ قَالُوا نَهِيلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي الْجِزَافَ قَالَ كِيلُوا وَ لَا تَهِيلُوا فَإِنَّهُ أَعْظَمُ لِلْبَرَكَةِ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazzal, from Yunus Bin Yaqoub,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘A group of people complained to the Prophet-saww of the rapid depletion of their foodstuffs, so he-saww said: ‘Are you measuring out or heaping?’ They said, ‘We heap, O Rasool-Allah-saww! – meaning the estimation. He-saww said: ‘Measure out and do not heap, for it is greater for the Blessings’.[334]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بُنْدَارَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ الْجَهْمِ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) كِيلُوا طَعَامَكُمْ فَإِنَّ الْبَرَكَةَ فِي الطَّعَامِ الْمَكِيلِ .
Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Bundar, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from his father, from Haroun Bin Al Jahm, from Hafs Bin Umar,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Measure out your foodstuffs, for the Blessings are in the measured foodstuffs’.[335]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ شَمُّونٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ مِسْمَعٍ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَا أَبَا سَيَّارٍ إِذَا أَرَادَتِ الْخَادِمَةُ أَنْ تَعْمَلَ الطَّعَامَ فَمُرْهَا فَلْتَكِلْهُ فَإِنَّ الْبَرَكَةَ فِيمَا كِيلَ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Shamoun, from Abdullah Bin Abdul Rahman, from Misma’a who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said to me: ‘O Abu Sayyar! Whenever you want the maid to make the food, so instruct her for measuring it, for the Blessings are in what is measured’.[336]
باب لُزُومِ مَا يَنْفَعُ مِنَ الْمُعَامَلَاتِ
Chapter 68 – Necessity of (continuing in) what is beneficial from the transactions
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُذَافِرٍ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ شَكَا رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) الْحُرْفَةَ فَقَالَ انْظُرْ بُيُوعاً فَاشْتَرِهَا ثُمَّ بِعْهَا فَمَا رَبِحْتَ فِيهِ فَالْزَمْهُ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from Amro Bin Usman, from Muhammad Bin Uzafir, from Is’haq Bin Ammar,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘A man complained to Rasool-Allah-saww of the profession, so he-saww said: ‘Look at the salealble items, so buy it then sell it. So whatever is profitable therein, so necessitate (continuing) it (so continue with the trading of those items/business)’.[337]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِذَا نَظَرَ الرَّجُلُ فِي تِجَارَةٍ فَلَمْ يَرَ فِيهَا شَيْئاً فَلْيَتَحَوَّلْ إِلَى غَيْرِهَا .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When the man takes up a business, so he does not see anything in it (no profits in it), so let him change it to other than it’.[338]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ شَجَرَةَ عَنْ بَشِيرٍ النَّبَّالِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِذَا رُزِقْتَ فِي شَيْءٍ فَالْزَمْهُ .
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazzal, from Ali Bin Shajara, from Basheer Al Nabbal,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Whenever you are Graced in something, so necessitate (continue with) it’.[339]
باب التَّلَقِّي
Chapter 69 – Receiving the goods outside the city
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) لَا يَتَلَقَّى أَحَدُكُمْ تِجَارَةً خَارِجاً مِنَ الْمِصْرِ وَ لَا يَبِيعُ حَاضِرٌ لِبَادٍ وَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَرْزُقُ اللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ
Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Ahmad Bin Al Nazar, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Urwa Bin Abdullah,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘You should not travel to meet the carvan of suppliers out of the city before other buyers’ One should not buy for the ones who are not present. Allah-azwj Grants sustenance to the Muslims through one another.[340]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مُثَنًّى الْحَنَّاطِ عَنْ مِنْهَالٍ الْقَصَّابِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ لَا تَلَقَّ وَ لَا تَشْتَرِ مَا تُلُقِّيَ وَ لَا تَأْكُلْ مِنْهُ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, and Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Musa Al Hannat, from Minhal Al Qassab,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Neither receive trade (outside the city) before others (are able to), nor buy what is received (outside the city), nor eat from it’.[341]
ابْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْكَاهِلِيِّ عَنْ مِنْهَالٍ الْقَصَّابِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ مَا حَدُّ التَّلَقِّي قَالَ رَوْحَةٌ .
Ibn Mahboub, from Abdullah Bin Yahya Al Kahily, from Minhal Al Qassab who said,
‘I said to him-asws, ‘What is the limit of the receipt of trade outside the city?’ He-asws said: ‘A Rawha (four Fasakhs – about six miles)’.[342]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ عَنْ مِنْهَالٍ الْقَصَّابِ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) لَا تَلَقَّ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) نَهَى عَنِ التَّلَقِّي قُلْتُ وَ مَا حَدُّ التَّلَقِّي قَالَ مَا دُونَ غَدْوَةٍ أَوْ رَوْحَةٍ قُلْتُ وَ كَمِ الْغَدْوَةُ وَ الرَّوْحَةُ قَالَ أَرْبَعُ فَرَاسِخَ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Abdul Rahman Bin Al Hajjaj, from Minhal Al Qassab who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Do not receive trade outside the city, for Rasool-Allah-saww forbade from the receiving of trade outside the city’. I said, ‘And what is the limit of the receiving the trade outside the city?’ He-asws said: ‘What is less than one Gadwa or a Rawha’. I said, ‘And how much is the Gadwa and the Rawha?’ He-asws said: ‘Four Farsakhs (about six miles)’.
قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ وَ مَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ بِتَلَقٍّ .
Ibn Abu Umeyr (the narrator) said, ‘And what is above that, so it is not (classified as) receiving the trade outside the city’.[343]
باب الشَّرْطِ وَ الْخِيَارِ فِي الْبَيْعِ
Chapter 70 – The stipulation (of returning goods) and the choice regarding (not transacting) the sale
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ مَنِ اشْتَرَطَ شَرْطاً مُخَالِفاً لِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَلَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ وَ لَا يَجُوزُ عَلَى الَّذِي اشْتُرِطَ عَلَيْهِ وَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عِنْدَ شُرُوطِهِمْ فِيمَا وَافَقَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, and Ahmad Bin Muhammad, altogether from Ibn Mahboub, from Abdullah Bin Sinan,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I heard him-asws saying: ‘The one who stipulates a condition opposite to the Book of Allah-saww, so it is not allowed for him, nor is it allowed for whom it is stipulated upon, and the Muslims are with their stipulations regarding what is in accordance with the Book of Allah-saww Mighty and Majestic’.[344]
ابْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ الشَّرْطُ فِي الْحَيَوَانِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ لِلْمُشْتَرِي اشْتَرَطَ أَمْ لَمْ يَشْتَرِطْ فَإِنْ أَحْدَثَ الْمُشْتَرِي فِيمَا اشْتَرَى حَدَثاً قَبْلَ الثَّلَاثَةِ الْأَيَّامِ فَذَلِكَ رِضًا مِنْهُ فَلَا شَرْطَ قِيلَ لَهُ وَ مَا الْحَدَثُ قَالَ أَنْ لَامَسَ أَوْ قَبَّلَ أَوْ نَظَرَ مِنْهَا إِلَى مَا كَانَ يَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِ قَبْلَ الشِّرَاءِ
Ibn Mahboub, from Ali Bin Raib,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The stipulation (of return) regarding the animals is of three days for the buyer, whether it has been stipulated or not stipulated. So if the buyer were to do something new regarding what he bought before the expiry of the three days, so that is an acceptance from him. Thus, there is no stipulation (applicable)’. It was said to him-asws, ‘And what is the new occurrence?’ He-asws said: ‘If he touches, or welcomes it, or to look at that what was Prohibited unto him before the buying’.[345]
ابْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي الدَّابَّةَ أَوِ الْعَبْدَ وَ يَشْتَرِطُ إِلَى يَوْمٍ أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ فَيَمُوتُ الْعَبْدُ أَوِ الدَّابَّةُ أَوْ يَحْدُثُ فِيهِ حَدَثٌ عَلَى مَنْ ضَمَانُ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ عَلَى الْبَائِعِ حَتَّى يَنْقَضِيَ الشَّرْطُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَ يَصِيرَ الْمَبِيعُ لِلْمُشْتَرِي .
Ibn Mahboub, from Ibn Sinan who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the man who buys the animal or the slave, and he stipulates to a day or two days, so the slave or the animal dies, or something occurs with him, upon whom would that responsibility be?’ So he-asws said: ‘Upon the seller until the expiry of the stipulation of three days, and (beyond three days) the sold (item) would come to be for the buyer’.[346]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ وَ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ حَتَّى يَفْتَرِقَا وَ صَاحِبُ الْحَيَوَانِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ قُلْتُ الرَّجُلُ يَشْتَرِي مِنَ الرَّجُلِ الْمَتَاعَ ثُمَّ يَدَعُهُ عِنْدَهُ وَ يَقُولُ حَتَّى نَأْتِيَكَ بِثَمَنِهِ قَالَ إِنْ جَاءَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ وَ إِلَّا فَلَا بَيْعَ لَهُ .
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Jameel, and Ibn Bukeyr, from Zurara,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws, said, ‘I heard him-asws saying: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The two parties are with the choice until they both separate (after concluding the deal), and the owner of the animal has three days’. I said, ‘The man buys the goods from the man, then he leaves it with him and is saying, ‘(Keep it) until I come up with the price’. He-asws said: ‘Either he comes in what is between it and the three days, or else so there is no sale (having taken place) for him’.[347]
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ حَتَّى يَفْتَرِقَا وَ صَاحِبُ الْحَيَوَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ .
Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Safwan, from Al A’ala, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The two parties are with the choice until they both separate, but the owner of the animal is with the choice of three days’.[348]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ عَنْ فُضَيْلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ مَا الشَّرْطُ فِي الْحَيَوَانِ فَقَالَ إِلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ لِلْمُشْتَرِي قُلْتُ فَمَا الشَّرْطُ فِي غَيْرِ الْحَيَوَانِ قَالَ الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَفْتَرِقَا فَإِذَا افْتَرَقَا فَلَا خِيَارَ بَعْدَ الرِّضَا مِنْهُمَا
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Jameel, from Fazeyl,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘What is the stipulation regarding the animals?’ So he-asws said: ‘Up to three days for the buyer’. I said, ‘So what is the stipulation regarding other than the animals’. He-asws said: ‘The two parties are with the choice for as long as they have not separated. So when they both separate, so there is no choice after the agreement from both of them’.[349]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى مِنْ رَجُلٍ بَيْعاً فَهُمَا بِالْخِيَارِ حَتَّى يَفْتَرِقَا فَإِذَا افْتَرَقَا وَجَبَ الْبَيْعُ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hammad, from Al Halby,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Whichever man buys an item from a man, so they are both with the choice until they both separate. So when they separate, the item sold is binding’.
قَالَ وَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنَّ أَبِي اشْتَرَى أَرْضاً يُقَالُ لَهَا الْعُرَيْضُ فَابْتَاعَهَا مِنْ صَاحِبِهَا بِدَنَانِيرَ فَقَالَ لَهُ أُعْطِيكَ وَرِقاً بِكُلِّ دِينَارٍ عَشَرَةَ دَرَاهِمَ فَبَاعَهُ بِهَا فَقَامَ أَبِي فَاتَّبَعْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ يَا أَبَتِ لِمَ قُمْتَ سَرِيعاً قَالَ أَرَدْتُ أَنْ يَجِبَ الْبَيْعُ .
He (the narrator) said, ‘And Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘My-asws father-asws bought a land called Al-Urayz, so he-asws purchased it from its owner for (some) Dinars. So he-asws said to him: ‘I-asws will give you one leaf (silver) of ten Dirhams with every Dinar’. So he sold it to him-asws with it. So my-asws father arose, and I-asws followed him-asws, so I-asws said: ‘O father-asws! Why did you-asws arise quickly?’ He-asws said: ‘I-asws wanted that the sale would become binding’.[350]
عَلِيٌّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ بَايَعْتُ رَجُلًا فَلَمَّا بَايَعْتُهُ قُمْتُ فَمَشَيْتُ خِطَاءً ثُمَّ رَجَعْتُ إِلَى مَجْلِسِي لِيَجِبَ الْبَيْعُ حِينَ افْتَرَقْنَا .
Ali, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Abu Ayoub, from Muhammad Bin Muslim who said,
‘I heard Abu Ja’far-asws saying: ‘I-asws was sold (something) by a man. So when he had sold it, I-asws arose, walked some steps, then I-asws returned to my-asws seat, in order for the sale to become binding when we separated’.[351]
حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى أَمَةً بِشَرْطٍ مِنْ رَجُلٍ يَوْماً أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ فَمَاتَتْ عِنْدَهُ وَ قَدْ قَطَعَ الثَّمَنَ عَلَى مَنْ يَكُونُ الضَّمَانُ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِي اشْتَرَى ضَمَانٌ حَتَّى يَمْضِيَ بِشَرْطِهِ .
Humeyd Bin Ziyad, from Al Hassan Bin Muhammad Bin Sama’at, from someone else, from Aban Bin Usman, from Abdul Rahman Bin Abu Abdullah who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about a man who bought a maid with a stipulation from a man or one day or two days. So she died while she was with him, and the price had been paid. Upon whom would the responsibility happen to be?’ So he-asws said: ‘There is no responsibility upon the one who buys until his stipulated (term) expires’.[352]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ سَمِعَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ وَ أَنَا عِنْدَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مُسْلِمٌ احْتَاجَ إِلَى بَيْعِ دَارِهِ فَمَشَى إِلَى أَخِيهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبِيعُكَ دَارِي هَذِهِ وَ تَكُونُ لَكَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ تَكُونَ لِغَيْرِكَ عَلَى أَنْ تَشْتَرِطَ لِي إِنْ أَنَا جِئْتُكَ بِثَمَنِهَا إِلَى سَنَةٍ أَنْ تَرُدَّ عَلَيَّ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهَذَا إِنْ جَاءَ بِثَمَنِهَا إِلَى سَنَةٍ رَدَّهَا عَلَيْهِ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Safwan, from Is’haq Bin Ammar who said,
‘The one who heard Abu Abdullah-asws informed me saying, ‘A man asked him-asws and I was in his-asws presence, so he said to him-asws, ‘A Muslim man was needy to sell his house. So he walked over to his brother and said to him, ‘I sell you this house of mine, and for it to happen to be for you is more beloved to me than if it happens to be for other than you, upon the stipulation for me that if I were to come up with its price within a year, you would return it to me’. So he-asws said: ‘There is no problem with this if he comes up with its price within a year, he should return it to him’.
قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهَا كَانَتْ فِيهَا غَلَّةٌ كَثِيرَةٌ فَأَخَذَ الْغَلَّةَ لِمَنْ تَكُونُ فَقَالَ الْغَلَّةُ لِلْمُشْتَرِي أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّهُ لَوِ احْتَرَقَتْ لَكَانَتْ مِنْ مَالِهِ .
I said, ‘Supposing there was a lot of yield (income) in it, for whom would it happen to be?’ So he-asws said: ‘The yield is for the buyer. Do you not see that if it were to burn down, it would be from his wealth?’[353]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَدِيدٍ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قُلْتُ الرَّجُلُ يَشْتَرِي مِنَ الرَّجُلِ الْمَتَاعَ ثُمَّ يَدَعُهُ عِنْدَهُ يَقُولُ حَتَّى آتِيَكَ بِثَمَنِهِ قَالَ إِنْ جَاءَ بِثَمَنِهِ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ وَ إِلَّا فَلَا بَيْعَ لَهُ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Hadeed, from Jameel, from Zurara,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws, ‘I said, ‘The man buys the goods from the man, then he leaves it with him saying, ‘(Keep it) until I come to you with its price’. He-asws said: ‘Either he comes up with its price in what is between it and three days, or else, so there is no sale for him’.[354]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى مَتَاعاً مِنْ رَجُلٍ وَ أَوْجَبَهُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ تَرَكَ الْمَتَاعَ عِنْدَهُ وَ لَمْ يَقْبِضْهُ قَالَ آتِيكَ غَداً إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ فَسُرِقَ الْمَتَاعُ مِنْ مَالِ مَنْ يَكُونُ قَالَ مِنْ مَالِ صَاحِبِ الْمَتَاعِ الَّذِي هُوَ فِي بَيْتِهِ حَتَّى يُقَبِّضَ الْمَتَاعَ وَ يُخْرِجَهُ مِنْ بَيْتِهِ فَإِذَا أَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ بَيْتِهِ فَالْمُبْتَاعُ ضَامِنٌ لِحَقِّهِ حَتَّى يَرُدَّ مَالَهُ إِلَيْهِ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Muhammad Bin Abdullah Bin Hilal, from Uqba Bin Khalid,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding a man who buys some goods from a man and makes it binding apart from that he leave the goods with him and does not take possession of it, saying, ‘I will come to you tomorrow, Allah-saww Willing’. So the goods get stolen. From whose wealth would that happen to be (stolen)?’ He-asws said: ‘From the wealth of the owner of the goods which are in his house until the goods are taken possession of, and it goes out from his house. So when it goes out from his house, so the buyer is responsible for his right until he return his wealth back to him’.[355]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ عُهْدَةُ الْبَيْعِ فِي الرَّقِيقِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ إِنْ كَانَ بِهَا خَبَلٌ أَوْ بَرَصٌ أَوْ نَحْوُ هَذَا وَ عُهْدَتُهُ السَّنَةُ مِنَ الْجُنُونِ فَمَا بَعْدَ السَّنَةِ فَلَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Washa, from Abdullah Bin Sinan,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The custody of the sale regarding the slaves is of three days if there was a dementia or leprosy with it, or approximat to this, and its custody is of a year from the insanity. So whatever was after the (expiry) of the year, so it is not with anything (invalid)’.[356]
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنَّا نُخَالِطُ أُنَاساً مِنْ أَهْلِ السَّوَادِ وَ غَيْرِهِمْ فَنَبِيعُهُمْ وَ نَرْبَحُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْعَشَرَةَ اثْنَا عَشَرَ وَ الْعَشَرَةَ ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ وَ نُؤَخِّرُ ذَلِكَ فِيمَا بَيْنَنَا وَ بَيْنَهُمْ السَّنَةَ وَ نَحْوَهَا وَ يَكْتُبُ لَنَا الرَّجُلُ عَلَى دَارِهِ أَوْ أَرْضِهِ بِذَلِكَ الْمَالِ الَّذِي فِيهِ الْفَضْلُ الَّذِي أَخَذَ مِنَّا شِرَاءً وَ قَدْ بَاعَ وَ قَبَضَ الثَّمَنَ مِنْهُ فَنَعِدُهُ إِنْ هُوَ جَاءَ بِالْمَالِ إِلَى وَقْتٍ بَيْنَنَا وَ بَيْنَهُ أَنْ نَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ الشِّرَاءَ فَإِنْ جَاءَ الْوَقْتُ وَ لَمْ يَأْتِنَا بِالدَّرَاهِمِ فَهُوَ لَنَا فَمَا تَرَى فِي ذَلِكَ الشِّرَاءِ قَالَ أَرَى أَنَّهُ لَكَ إِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ وَ إِنْ جَاءَ بِالْمَالِ لِلْوَقْتِ فَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ .
Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Ali Bin Al Numan, from Saeed Bin Yasaar who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘We tend to mix with the people from Africa and other, so we sell to them and we profit upon them with say ten (per cent) and the twelve and the thirteen, and we delay that in what is between us them for the year and approximate to it, and the man (buyer) contract for us upon his house or his land (as security) with those goods wherein is the preference which was taken from us as a bought item, and we have sold and taken the price from him. So we await, if he comes with the wealth to a determined term between us and him, so we return the item (house or land) to him. But if the determined time comes and he does not come to us with the Dirhams, so it is for us. So what is your-asws view regarding the security item?’ He-asws said: ‘I-asws see that it is for you if he does not do it, and if he does come with the wealth in time, so return it to him’.[357]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَوْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي الرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي الشَّيْءَ الَّذِي يَفْسُدُ فِي يَوْمِهِ وَ يَتْرُكُهُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهُ بِالثَّمَنِ قَالَ إِنْ جَاءَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ اللَّيْلِ بِالثَّمَنِ وَ إِلَّا فَلَا بَيْعَ لَهُ .
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Yaqoub Bin Yazeed, from Muhammad Bin Abu Hamza, or someone else, from the one who mentioned it,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, or Abu Al-Hassan-asws regarding the man who buys the thing which spoils during its day (perishable item), and he leaves it until he comes with the price. He-asws said: ‘Either he comes with the price between what is between it and the night or else, so there is no sale for him’.[358]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ اشْتَرَيْتُ مَحْمِلًا فَأَعْطَيْتُ بَعْضَ ثَمَنِهِ وَ تَرَكْتُهُ عِنْدَ صَاحِبِهِ ثُمَّ احْتَبَسْتُ أَيَّاماً ثُمَّ جِئْتُ إِلَى بَائِعِ الْمَحْمِلِ لآِخُذَهُ فَقَالَ قَدْ بِعْتُهُ فَضَحِكْتُ ثُمَّ قُلْتُ لَا وَ اللَّهِ لَا أَدَعُكَ أَوْ أُقَاضِيَكَ فَقَالَ لِي تَرْضَى بِأَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Hassan Bin Al Husayn, from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Abdul Rahman Bin Al Hajjaj who said,
‘I bought a loader, so I gave part of its price, and left it with its owner. Then I awaited for a few days, then I came over to the seller of the loader in order to take it, so he said, ‘I have sold it’. So I laughed, then I said, ‘No, by Allah-saww, I will not let you (do this), or I shall seek judgement over you’. So he said to me, ‘Would you be pleased with Abu Bakr Bin Ayyash (as a judge)?’ I said, ‘Yes’.
فَأَتَيْنَاهُ فَقَصَصْنَا عَلَيْهِ قِصَّتَنَا فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بِقَوْلِ مَنْ تُحِبُّ أَنْ أَقْضِيَ بَيْنَكُمَا أَ بِقَوْلِ صَاحِبِكَ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ قَالَ قُلْتُ بِقَوْلِ صَاحِبِي قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ مَنِ اشْتَرَى شَيْئاً فَجَاءَ بِالثَّمَنِ فِي مَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ وَ إِلَّا فَلَا بَيْعَ لَهُ .
So we went over to him, and we related our stories to him. So Abu Bakr said, ‘By whose words would you like that I judge between the two of you, by the words of your Master-asws or someone else?’ I said, ‘By the words of my Master-asws’. He said, ‘I heard him-asws saying: ‘The one who buys something, so either he comes up with the price in what is between it and three days, or else there is no sale for him’.[359]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( صلوات الله عليه ) قَضَى فِي رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى ثَوْباً بِشَرْطٍ إِلَى نِصْفِ النَّهَارِ فَعَرَضَ لَهُ رِبْحٌ فَأَرَادَ بَيْعَهُ قَالَ لِيُشْهِدْ أَنَّهُ قَدْ رَضِيَهُ فَاسْتَوْجَبَهُ ثُمَّ لْيَبِعْهُ إِنْ شَاءَ فَإِنْ أَقَامَهُ فِي السُّوقِ وَ لَمْ يَبِعْ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Sal sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws that Amir Al-Momineen-asws judged regarding a man who bought some clothes with a stipulation to (be awaited with) to midday. So a profit was presented to him (the buyer), so he intended to sell it’. He-asws said: ‘Let him testify that he had pleased him, so it was binding on him, then let him sell it, if he so desires to. So if he were to display it in the marketplace and did not sell it, so it is binding upon him’.[360]
[1] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 11 H 1
[2] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 11 H 2
[3] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 12 H 1
[4] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 12 H 2
[5] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 12 H 3
[6] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 12 H 4
[7] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 12 H 5
[8] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 12 H 6
[9] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 13 H 1
[10] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 13 H 2
[11] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 13 H 3
[12] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 14 H 1
[13] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 14 H 2
[14] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 15 H 1
[15] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 15 H 2
[16] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 15 H 3
[17] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 16 H 1
[18] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 16 H 2
[19] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 16 H 3
[20] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 17 H 1
[21] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 17 H 2
[22] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 18 H 1
[23] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 18 H 2
[24] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 18 H 3
[25] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 18 H 4
[26] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 18 H 5
[27] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 18 H 6
[28] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 18 H 7
[29] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 18 H 8
[30] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 19 H 1
[31] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 19 H 2
[32] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 19 H 3
[33] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 19 H 4
[34] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 19 H 5
[35] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 19 H 6
[36] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 19 H 7
[37] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 19 H 8
[38] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 19 H 9
[39] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 19 H 10
[40] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 20 H 1
[41] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 20 H 2
[42] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 20 H 3
[43] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 20 H 4
[44] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 20 H 5
[45] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 20 H 6
[46] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 20 H 7
[47] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 20 H 8
[48] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 20 H 9
[49] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 21 H 1
[50] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 21 H 2
[51] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 21 H 3
[52] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 22 H 1
[53] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 22 H 2
[54] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 23 H 1
[55] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 23 H 2
[56] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 24 H 1
[57] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 24 H 2
[58] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 24 H 3
[59] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 25 H 1
[60] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 25 H 2
[61] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 25 H 3
[62] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 25 H 4
[63] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 25 H 5
[64] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 25 H 6
[65] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 26 H 1
[66] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 26 H 2
[67] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 27 H 1
[68] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 27 H 2
[69] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 28 H 1
[70] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 28 H 2
[71] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 28 H 3
[72] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 29 H 1
[73] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 29 H 2
[74] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 29 H 3
[75] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 29 H 4
[76] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 29 H 5
[77] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 29 H 6
[78] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 30 H 1
[79] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 30 H 2
[80] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 30 H 3
[81] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 30 H 4
[82] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 30 H 5
[83] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 30 H 6
[84] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 30 H 7
[85] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 30 H 8
[86] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 30 H 9
[87] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 30 H 10
[88] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 30 H 11
[89] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 30 H 12
[90] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 30 H 13
[91] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 30 H 14
[92] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 30 H 15
[93] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 31 H 1
[94] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 31 H 2
[95] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 31 H 3
[96] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 31 H 4
[97] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 31 H 5
[98] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 31 H 6
[99] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 31 H 7
[100] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 32 H 1
[101] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 32 H 2
[102] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 32 H 3
[103] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 32 H 4
[104] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 33 H 1
[105] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 33 H 2
[106] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 33 H 3
[107] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 33 H 4
[108] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 33 H 5
[109] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 33 H 6
[110] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 33 H 7
[111] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 34 H 1
[112] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 34 H 2
[113] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 34 H 3
[114] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 34 H 4
[115] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 34 H 4
[116] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 35 H 1
[117] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 35 H 2
[118] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 35 H 3
[119] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 35 H 4
[120] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 36 H 1
[121] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 36 H 2
[122] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 36 H 3
[123] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 36 H 4
[124] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 37 H 1
[125] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 37 H 2
[126] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 37 H 3
[127] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 37 H 4
[128] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 37 H 5
[129] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 37 H 6
[130] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 37 H 7
[131] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 38 H 1
[132] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 38 H 2
[133] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 39 H 1
[134] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 39 H 2
[135] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 39 H 3
[136] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 39 H 4
[137] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 40 H 1
[138] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 40 H 2
[139] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 40 H 4
[140] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 40 H 5
[141] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 40 H 6
[142] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 40 H 7
[143] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 40 H 8
[144] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 40 H 9
[145] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 40 H 10
[146] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 41 H 1
[147] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 41 H 2
[148] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 41 H 3
[149] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 41 H 4
[150] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 41 H 5
[151] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 41 H 6
[152] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 41 H 7
[153] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 41 H 8
[154] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 41 H 9
[155] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 41 H 10
[156] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 42 H 1
[157] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 42 H 2
[158] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 42 H 3
[159] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 42 H 4
[160] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 42 H 5
[161] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 42 H 6
[162] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 42 H 7
[163] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 42 H 8
[164] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 43 H 1
[165] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 43 H 2
[166] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 43 H 3
[167] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 43 H 4
[168] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 43 H 5
[169] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 44 H 1
[170] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 44 H 2
[171] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 44 H 3
[172] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 44 H 4
[173] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 44 H 5
[174] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 44 H 6
[175] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 45 H 1
[176] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 45 H 2
[177] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 45 H 3
[178] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 45 H 4
[179] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 45 H 5
[180] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 45 H 6
[181] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 45 H 7
[182] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 45 H 8
[183] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 46 H 1
[184] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 46 H 2
[185] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 46 H 3
[186] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 46 H 4
[187] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 46 H 5
[188] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 46 H 6
[189] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 46 H 7
[190] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 46 H 8
[191] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 46 H 9
[192] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 47 H 1
[193] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 47 H 2
[194] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 47 H 3
[195] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 47 H 4
[196] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 47 H 5
[197] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 47 H 6
[198] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 48 H 1
[199] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 48 H 2
[200] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 49 H 1
[201] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 49 H 2
[202] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 49 H 3
[203] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 49 H 4
[204] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 49 H 5
[205] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 49 H 6
[206] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 49 H 7
[207] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 49 H 8
[208] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 49 H 9
[209] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 49 H 10
[210] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 49 H 11
[211] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 49 H 12
[212] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 49 H 13
[213] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 49 H 14
[214] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 49 H 15
[215] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 49 H 16
[216] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 49 H 17
[217] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 50 H 1
[218] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 50 H 2
[219] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 50 H 3
[220] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 50 H 4
[221] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 50 H 5
[222] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 50 H 6
[223] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 50 H 7
[224] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 50 H 8
[225] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 50 H 9
[226] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 50 H 10
[227] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 50 H 11
[228] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 50 H 12
[229] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 50 H 13
[230] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 51 H 1
[231] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 51 H 2
[232] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 51 H 3
[233] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 51 H 4
[234] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 51 H 5
[235] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 51 H 6
[236] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 51 H 7
[237] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 51 H 8
[238] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 51 H 9
[239] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 51 H 10
[240] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 51 H 11
[241] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 51 H 12
[242] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 52 H 1
[243] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 52 H 2
[244] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 52 H 3
[245] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 53 H 1
[246] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 53 H 2
[247] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 53 H 3
[248] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 53 H 4
[249] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 53 H 5
[250] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 53 H 6
[251] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 53 H 7
[252] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 53 H 8
[253] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 53 H 9
[254] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 53 H 10
[255] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 53 H 11
[256] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 53 H 12
[257] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 53 H 13
[258] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 54 H 1
[259] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 54 H 2
[260] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 54 H 3
[261] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 54 H 4
[262] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 54 H 5
[263] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 54 H 6
[264] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 54 H 7
[265] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 54 H 8
[266] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 54 H 9
[267] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 54 H 10
[268] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 54 H 11
[269] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 54 H 12
[270] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 54 H 13
[271] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 54 H 14
[272] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 54 H 15
[273] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 54 H 16
[274] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 54 H 17
[275] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 54 H 18
[276] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 54 H 19
[277] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 54 H 20
[278] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 54 H 21
[279] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 54 H 22
[280] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 54 H 23
[281] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 55 H 1
[282] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 56 H 1
[283] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 56 H 2
[284] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 57 H 1
[285] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 57 H 2
[286] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 58 H 1
[287] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 58 H 2
[288] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 58 H 3
[289] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 58 H 4
[290] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 59 H 1
[291] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 59 H 2
[292] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 59 H 3
[293] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 59 H 4
[294] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 59 H 5
[295] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 59 H 6
[296] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 59 H 7
[297] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 59 H 8
[298] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 60 H 1
[299] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 60 H 2
[300] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 60 H 3
[301] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 60 H 4
[302] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 60 H 5
[303] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 61 H 1
[304] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 61 H 2
[305] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 61 H 3
[306] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 61 H 4
[307] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 61 H 5
[308] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 61 H 6
[309] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 61 H 7
[310] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 62 H 1
[311] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 62 H 2
[312] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 62 H 3
[313] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 62 H 4
[314] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 63 H 1
[315] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 63 H 2
[316] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 63 H 3
[317] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 63 H 4
[318] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 63 H 5
[319] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 63 H 6
[320] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 63 H 7
[321] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 64 H 1
[322] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 64 H 2
[323] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 64 H 3
[324] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 64 H 4
[325] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 64 H 5
[326] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 64 H 6
[327] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 64 H 7
[328] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 65 H 1
[329] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 65 H 2
[330] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 65 H 3
[331] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 66 H 1
[332] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 66 H 2
[333] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 66 H 3
[334] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 67 H 1
[335] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 67 H 2
[336] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 67 H 3
[337] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 68 H 1
[338] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 68 H 2
[339] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 68 H 3
[340] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 69 H 1
[341] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 69 H 2
[342] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 69 H 3
[343] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 69 H 4
[344] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 70 H 1
[345] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 70 H 2
[346] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 70 H 3
[347] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 70 H 4
[348] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 70 H 5
[349] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 70 H 6
[350] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 70 H 7
[351] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 70 H 8
[352] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 70 H 9
[353] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 70 H 10
[354] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 70 H 11
[355] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 70 H 12
[356] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 70 H 13
[357] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 70 H 14
[358] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 70 H 15
[359] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 70 H 16
[360] Al Kafi – V 5 – The Book of Subsistence Ch 70 H 17