Volume 11
Part 2 ourt 3
بحار الانوار الجامعة لدرر أخبار الائمة الاطهار
Bihar Al-Anwaar – The summary of the pearls of the Ahadeeth of the Pure Imams-asws
تأليف العلامة فخر الامة المولى الشيخ محمد باقر المجلسيى
Author – The Allama, the pride of the community, the Mullah, the Sheikh Muhammad Baqir Al Majlisi
باب 3 ارتكاب ترك الأولى و معناه و كيفيته و كيفية قبول توبته و الكلمات التي تلقاها من ربه
CHAPTER 3 – COMMITING THE FIRST NEGLECT AND ITS MEANING AND ITS MANNER, AND THE MANNER OF ACCEPTANCE OF HIS-as REPENTANCE AND THE PHRASES WHICH WERE CAST TO HIM-as FROM HIS-as LORD-azwj
الآيات البقرة وَ قُلْنا يا آدَمُ اسْكُنْ أَنْتَ وَ زَوْجُكَ الْجَنَّةَ وَ كُلا مِنْها رَغَداً حَيْثُ شِئْتُما وَ لا تَقْرَبا هذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ فَتَكُونا مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ
The Verses – (Surah) Al Baqarah: And We said: O Adam! You and your wife dwell in the Garden and eat from it a plenteous (food) wherever you two wish to and do not approach this tree, for then you will become of the unjust [2:35]
فَأَزَلَّهُمَا الشَّيْطانُ عَنْها فَأَخْرَجَهُما مِمَّا كانا فِيهِ وَ قُلْنَا اهْبِطُوا بَعْضُكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ وَ لَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُسْتَقَرٌّ وَ مَتاعٌ إِلى حِينٍ
But the Satan had them removed from it and exited from what they used to be in; and We said: Go down, some of you being the enemies of others! And there is for you in the earth an abode and a provision for a while [2:36]
فَتَلَقَّى آدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ كَلِماتٍ فَتابَ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّهُ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ
Then Adam received (certain) Words from his Lord, so He Turned to him (Mercifully); surely He is Oft-Turning, the Merciful [2:37]
قُلْنَا اهْبِطُوا مِنْها جَمِيعاً فَإِمَّا يَأْتِيَنَّكُمْ مِنِّي هُدىً فَمَنْ تَبِعَ هُدايَ فَلا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ لا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ
We said: Go down from it altogether; and when there comes to you a Guidance from Me, so the ones who follow My Guidance, there shall be no fear upon them, nor shall they be grieving [2:38]
الأعراف وَ يا آدَمُ اسْكُنْ أَنْتَ وَ زَوْجُكَ الْجَنَّةَ فَكُلا مِنْ حَيْثُ شِئْتُما وَ لا تَقْرَبا هذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ فَتَكُونا مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ
(Surah) Al A’raaf: And (We said): “O Adam! You and your wife dwell in the Garden. You can both eat from wherever you so desire to, and do not go near this tree for you will both become from the unjust ones” [7:19]
فَوَسْوَسَ لَهُمَا الشَّيْطانُ لِيُبْدِيَ لَهُما ما وُورِيَ عَنْهُما مِنْ سَوْآتِهِما وَ قالَ ما نَهاكُما رَبُّكُما عَنْ هذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونا مَلَكَيْنِ أَوْ تَكُونا مِنَ الْخالِدِينَ
But the Satan suggested to them to manifest to them what was hidden from them from their evil, and said, ‘Your Lord did not Forbid you from this tree except that you would become two Angels or you would become from eternally living ones’ [7:20]
وَ قاسَمَهُما إِنِّي لَكُما لَمِنَ النَّاصِحِينَ
And he swore to them both, ‘I am from the advisers to you’ [7:21]
فَدَلَّاهُما بِغُرُورٍ فَلَمَّا ذاقَا الشَّجَرَةَ بَدَتْ لَهُما سَوْآتُهُما وَ طَفِقا يَخْصِفانِ عَلَيْهِما مِنْ وَرَقِ الْجَنَّةِ وَ ناداهُما رَبُّهُما أَ لَمْ أَنْهَكُما عَنْ تِلْكُمَا الشَّجَرَةِ وَ أَقُلْ لَكُما إِنَّ الشَّيْطانَ لَكُما عَدُوٌّ مُبِينٌ
Thus, he indicated to them with deceit. So when they had tasted the tree, their evil inclinations appeared to them and they both began to cover upon themselves from the leaves of the Garden, and their Lord Called out to them: “Did I not Forbid you two from that tree and Said to you that the Satan is your open enemy?” [7:22]
قالا رَبَّنا ظَلَمْنا أَنْفُسَنا وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَغْفِرْ لَنا وَ تَرْحَمْنا لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْخاسِرِينَ
They said: ‘Our Lord! We wronged ourselves, and if You do not Forgive us and have Mercy on us, we would become from the losers’ [7:23]
قالَ اهْبِطُوا بَعْضُكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ وَ لَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُسْتَقَرٌّ وَ مَتاعٌ إِلى حِينٍ
He said: “Get down, some of you being the enemies of others, and for you in the earth, there is an abode and a provision to a time [7:24]
قالَ فِيها تَحْيَوْنَ وَ فِيها تَمُوتُونَ وَ مِنْها تُخْرَجُونَ
He said: “Therein you shall be living and therein you shall be dying, and from it you shall be coming out [7:25]
و قال تعالى يا بَنِي آدَمَ لا يَفْتِنَنَّكُمُ الشَّيْطانُ كَما أَخْرَجَ أَبَوَيْكُمْ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ يَنْزِعُ عَنْهُما لِباسَهُما لِيُرِيَهُما سَوْآتِهِما
And the Exalted Said: O children of Adam! Do not let the satan tempt you just as he got your parents exited from the Garden, snatching their clothes from them in order to show them their evil. [7:27]
طه وَ لَقَدْ عَهِدْنا إِلى آدَمَ مِنْ قَبْلُ فَنَسِيَ وَ لَمْ نَجِدْ لَهُ عَزْماً
(Surah) Ta Ha: And We had Covenanted to Adam before, but he forgot, and We did not find for him having determination [20:115]
وَ إِذْ قُلْنا لِلْمَلائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ أَبى
And when We said to the Angels: “Do Sajdah to Adam!” So, they did Sajdah, except Iblees. He refused [20:116]
فَقُلْنا يا آدَمُ إِنَّ هذا عَدُوٌّ لَكَ وَ لِزَوْجِكَ فَلا يُخْرِجَنَّكُما مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ فَتَشْقى
So, We said: “O Adam! This one is an enemy to you and to your wife, therefore do not let him drive you both out from the Paradise, for you would be distressed [20:117]
إِنَّ لَكَ أَلَّا تَجُوعَ فِيها وَ لا تَعْرى
Surely for you is that you will neither be hungry therein nor bare (of clothing) [20:118]
وَ أَنَّكَ لا تَظْمَؤُا فِيها وَ لا تَضْحى
And you will neither be thirsty therein nor exposed to the sun’s heat!” [20:119]
فَوَسْوَسَ إِلَيْهِ الشَّيْطانُ قالَ يا آدَمُ هَلْ أَدُلُّكَ عَلى شَجَرَةِ الْخُلْدِ وَ مُلْكٍ لا يَبْلى
But the Satan whispered to him. He said, ‘O Adam! Shall I point you to a tree of immortality and a kingdom which would not deteriorate?’ [20:120]
فَأَكَلا مِنْها فَبَدَتْ لَهُما سَوْآتُهُما وَ طَفِقا يَخْصِفانِ عَلَيْهِما مِنْ وَرَقِ الْجَنَّةِ وَ عَصى آدَمُ رَبَّهُ
Then they both ate of it, and their evil inclinations were manifested to them, and they both began to cover themselves with leaves of the Paradise. And Adam disobeyed his Lord, so he strayed [20:121]
فَغَوى ثُمَّ اجْتَباهُ رَبُّهُ فَتابَ عَلَيْهِ وَ هَدى
Then his Lord Chose him, so He Turned to him and Guided [20:122]
قالَ اهْبِطا مِنْها جَمِيعاً بَعْضُكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ فَإِمَّا يَأْتِيَنَّكُمْ مِنِّي هُدىً فَمَنِ اتَّبَعَ هُدايَ فَلا يَضِلُّ وَ لا يَشْقى
He said: “Get down from it altogether, some of you being enemies of others. So when a Guidance comes to you from Me, then the one who follows Guidance, he will neither stray nor be wretched [20:123]
وَ مَنْ أَعْرَضَ عَنْ ذِكْرِي فَإِنَّ لَهُ مَعِيشَةً ضَنْكاً
And one who turns away from My Zikr, then surely for him would be a straitened life [20:124].
1- فس، تفسير القمي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ فَبَدَتْ لَهُما سَوْآتُهُما قَالَ كَانَتْ سَوْآتُهُمَا لَا تَبْدُو لَهُمَا فَبَدَتْ يَعْنِي كَانَتْ مِنْ دَاخِلٍ
Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from one of his companions,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj: and their evil inclinations were manifested to them [20:121]. He-asws said: ‘Their-as evil inclinations were not manifested to them-as, and then they appeared, meaning they were from inside (inner feelings).[1]
2- فس، تفسير القمي اهْبِطُوا بَعْضُكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ يَعْنِي آدَمَ وَ إِبْلِيسَ إِلى حِينٍ يَعْنِي إِلَى الْقِيَامَةِ
(P. s. – This is not a Hadeeth)[2]
3- فس، تفسير القمي فَإِنَّ لَهُ مَعِيشَةً ضَنْكاً أَيْ ضَيِّقَةً
(P. s. – This is not a Hadeeth)[3]
4- ع، علل الشرائع لي، الأمالي للصدوق مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ عَنْ عَمِّهِ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع قَالَ: جَاءَ نَفَرٌ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَسَأَلُوهُ عَنْ مَسَائِلَ فَكَانَ فِيمَا سَأَلُوهُ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ اللَّهِ لِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ وَقَّتَ هَذِهِ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسَ فِي خَمْسِ مَوَاقِيتَ عَلَى أُمَّتِكَ فِي سَاعَاتِ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – Majaylawiya, from his uncle, from Al Baqy, from Ali Bin Al-Husayn Al Barqy, from Abdullah Bin Jabala, from Muawiya Bin Amaar, from Al Hassan Bin Abdullah, from his father,
‘From his grandfather-asws Al-Hassan-asws Bin Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws having said: ‘A number of Jews came to Rasool-Allah-saww and they asked him-saww about certain issues. It was among what they asked him-saww, ‘Inform me about Allah-azwj, for which thing (reason) did He-azwj Time these five (daily) Salats during the five timings upon your-saww community among the timings of the night and the day?’
فَأَجَابَ ع إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ وَ أَمَّا صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ فَهِيَ السَّاعَةُ الَّتِي أَكَلَ فِيهَا آدَمُ مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ فَأَخْرَجَهُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ ذُرِّيَّتَهُ بِهَذِهِ الصَّلَاةِ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ اخْتَارَهَا لِأُمَّتِي فَهِيَ مِنْ أَحَبِّ الصَّلَوَاتِ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ أَوْصَانِي أَنْ أَحْفَظَهَا مِنْ بَيْنِ الصَّلَوَاتِ
He-saww answered up to he-saww said: ‘And as for the Al-Asr Salat, it is in the time during which Adam-as ate from the tree, so Allah-azwj Expelled him-as from the Paradise. Therefore, Allah-azwj Commanded his-as offspring with this Salat up to the Day of Qiyamah, and Chose it for my-saww community. Thus, it is from the most beloved of Salats to Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and He-azwj Advised me-saww that I-saww preserve it from between the Salats.
وَ أَمَّا صَلَاةُ الْمَغْرِبِ فَهِيَ السَّاعَةُ الَّتِي تَابَ اللَّهُ فِيهَا عَلَى آدَمَ- وَ كَانَ بَيْنَ مَا أَكَلَ مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ وَ بَيْنَ مَا تَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ ثَلَاثُمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ مِنْ أَيَّامِ الدُّنْيَا وَ فِي أَيَّامِ الْآخِرَةِ يَوْمٌ كَأَلْفِ سَنَةٍ مِنْ وَقْتِ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ إِلَى الْعِشَاءِ فَصَلَّى آدَمُ ثَلَاثَ رَكَعَاتٍ رَكْعَةً لِخَطِيئَتِهِ رَكْعَةً لِخَطِيئَةِ حَوَّاءَ وَ رَكْعَةً لِتَوْبَتِهِ فَافْتَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ هَذِهِ الثَّلَاثَ الرَّكَعَاتِ عَلَى أُمَّتِي
And as for Al-Maghrib Salat, it is the time in which Allah-azwj Turned to Adam-as, and between what he-as ate from the tree and Allah-azwj Turned to him-as were three hundred years from the days of the world, and in the days of the Hereafter a day is like a thousand years from the time of Salat Al-Asr up to Al-Isha. So, Adam-as prayed three Cycles – a Cycle for his-as mistake, and a Cycle for the mistake of Hawwa-as, and a Cycle for his-as repentance. Thus, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Imposes these three Cycles upon my-saww community’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي لِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ تُوَضَّأُ هَذِهِ الْجَوَارِحُ الْأَرْبَعُ وَ هِيَ أَنْظَفُ الْمَوَاضِعِ فِي الْجَسَدِ
Then he said, ‘Inform me, for which thing (reason) do you-saww wash these four limbs (during Wudu) and these are the cleanest of places in the body?’
قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص لَمَّا أَنْ وَسْوَسَ الشَّيْطَانُ إِلَى آدَمَ وَ دَنَا آدَمُ مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ وَ نَظَرَ إِلَيْهَا ذَهَبَ مَاءُ وَجْهِهِ ثُمَّ قَامَ وَ هُوَ أَوَّلُ قَدَمٍ مَشَتْ إِلَى الْخَطِيئَةِ ثُمَّ تَنَاوَلَ بِيَدِهِ ثُمَّ مَسَّهَا فَأَكَلَ مِنْهَا فَطَارَ الْحُلِيُّ وَ الْحُلَلُ عَنْ جَسَدِهِ ثُمَّ وَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى أُمِّ رَأْسِهِ وَ بَكَى
The Prophet-saww said: ‘When the Satan-la whispered to Adam-as, and he-as went near the tree and looked at it, the water of his-as face went away. Then he-as stood, and it was the first step he-as walked to the mistake. Then he-as grabbed by his-as hand, then wiped it, and ate from it. So, the garments and ornaments flew away from his-as body. Then he-as placed his-as hand upon the top of his-as head and wept.
فَلَمَّا تَابَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَيْهِ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَيْهِ وَ عَلَى ذُرِّيَّتِهِ الْوُضُوءَ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْجَوَارِحِ الْأَرْبَعِ وَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَغْسِلَ الْوَجْهَ لِمَا نَظَرَ إِلَى الشَّجَرَةِ وَ أَمَرَهُ بِغَسْلِ السَّاعِدَيْنِ إِلَى الْمِرْفَقَيْنِ لِمَا تَنَاوَلَ مِنْهَا وَ أَمَرَهُ بِمَسْحِ الرَّأْسِ لِمَا وَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ وَ أَمَرَهُ بِمَسْحِ الْقَدَمَيْنِ لِمَا مَشَى إِلَى الْخَطِيئَةِ
When Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Turned to him-as, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Imposed the Wudu upon him-as and his-as offspring, upon these four limbs, and Commanded him-as that he-as to wash the face due to having looked at the tree, and Commanded him-as to wash the forearms to the elbows due to having grabbed from it, and Commanded him-as with wiping the head due to having placed his-as hands upon his-as head, and Commanded him-as with wiping the feet due to having walked to the mistake’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ أَخْبِرْنِي لِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الصَّوْمَ عَلَى أُمَّتِكَ بِالنَّهَارِ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْماً وَ فَرَضَ عَلَى الْأُمَمِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ
Then he said, ‘Inform me, for which thing (reason) did Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Impose the Fasting upon your-saww community by the day, for thirty days, and Imposed more than that upon the (other) communities?’
قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص إِنَّ آدَمَ لَمَّا أَكَلَ مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ بَقِيَ فِي بَطْنِهِ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْماً وَ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَى ذُرِّيَّتِهِ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْماً الْجُوعَ وَ الْعَطَشَ وَ الَّذِي يَأْكُلُونَهُ تَفَضُّلٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ كَذَلِكَ كَانَ عَلَى آدَمَ فَفَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى أُمَّتِي ذَلِكَ
The Prophet-saww said: ‘When Adam-as ate from the tree, it remained in his-as body for thirty days, and Allah-azwj Imposed upon his-as offspring thirty days of hunger and thirst, and that which they are eating is a Grace from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic upon them, and similar to that it was upon Adam-as. Therefore, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Imposed that upon my-saww community’.
ثُمَّ تَلَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ- كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيامُ كَما كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ أَيَّاماً مَعْدُوداتٍ
Then Rasool-Allah-saww recited the Verse: O you those who are believing! Fasting is Prescribed upon you just as it was Prescribed upon those ones from before you, perhaps you may be fearing [2:183] A fixed number of days; [2:184].[4]
5- فس، تفسير القمي أَبِي رَفَعَهُ قَالَ: سُئِلَ الصَّادِقُ ع عَنْ جَنَّةِ آدَمَ أَ مِنْ جِنَانِ الدُّنْيَا كَانَتْ أَمْ مِنْ جِنَانِ الْآخِرَةِ
‘Tafseer Al-Qummi’ – My father, raising it, said,
‘Al-Sadiq-asws was asked about the Garden of Adam-as, is it from the gardens of the world, or from the Gardens of the Hereafter?’
فَقَالَ كَانَتْ مِنْ جِنَانِ الدُّنْيَا تَطْلُعُ فِيهَا الشَّمْسُ وَ الْقَمَرُ وَ لَوْ كَانَتْ مِنْ جِنَانِ الْآخِرَةِ مَا خَرَجَ مِنْهَا أَبَداً
He-asws said: ‘It was from the gardens of the world. The sun and the moon emerged upon it, and had it been from the Gardens of the Hereafter, he-as would not have come out from it, ever’.
قَالَ فَلَمَّا أَسْكَنَهُ اللَّهُ الْجَنَّةَ أَتَى جَهَالَةً إِلَى الشَّجَرَةِ لِأَنَّهُ خُلِقَ خَلْقُهُ لَا تَبْقَى إِلَّا بِالْأَمْرِ وَ النَّهْيِ وَ الْغِذَاءِ وَ اللِّبَاسِ وَ الْأَكْنَانِ وَ التَّنَاكُحِ وَ لَا يُدْرِكُ مَا يَنْفَعُهُ مِمَّا يَضُرُّهُ إِلَّا بِالتَّوْقِيفِ
He-asws said: ‘When Allah-azwj Settled him in the garden, he-as came unknowingly to the tree because he-as had been Created of a body which cannot remain except with the Command, and the Prohibition, and the provision, and the clothing, and the housing, and the marriage, nor did he-as realise what benefits him-as from what harms him-as except by the inclination.
فَجَاءَهُ إِبْلِيسُ فَقَالَ لَهُ إِنَّكُمَا إِنْ أَكَلْتُمَا مِنْ هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ الَّتِي نَهَاكُمَا اللَّهُ عَنْهَا صِرْتُمَا مَلَكَيْنِ وَ بَقِيتُمَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ أَبَداً وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَأْكُلَا مِنْهَا أَخْرَجَكُمَا اللَّهُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ وَ حَلَفَ لَهُمَا أَنَّهُ لَهُمَا نَاصِحٌ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى حِكَايَةً عَنْهُ ما نَهاكُما رَبُّكُما عَنْ هذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونا مَلَكَيْنِ أَوْ تَكُونا مِنَ الْخالِدِينَ وَ قاسَمَهُما إِنِّي لَكُما لَمِنَ النَّاصِحِينَ
Iblees-la came and said to him-as, ‘If you-as two were to eat from this tree which Allah-azwj has Forbidden you-as from, you-as will both become Angels and remain in the Paradise forever, and if you-as do not eat from it, Allah-azwj Expel you from the Garden’. And he-la swore to them-as that he-as is a sincere adviser to them-as, just as Allah-azwj the Exalted Said, Relating from him-la: ‘Your Lord did not Forbid you from this tree except that you would become two Angels or you would become from eternally living ones’ [7:20] And he swore to them both, ‘I am from the advisers to you’ [7:21].
فَقَبِلَ آدَمُ قَوْلَهُ فَأَكَلَا مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ وَ كَانَ كَمَا حَكَى اللَّهُ بَدَتْ لَهُما سَوْآتُهُما وَ سَقَطَ عَنْهُمَا مَا أَلْبَسَهُمَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مِنْ لِبَاسِ الْجَنَّةِ وَ أَقْبَلَا يَسْتَتِرَانِ مِنْ وَرَقِ الْجَنَّةِ وَ ناداهُما رَبُّهُما أَ لَمْ أَنْهَكُما عَنْ تِلْكُمَا الشَّجَرَةِ وَ أَقُلْ لَكُما إِنَّ الشَّيْطانَ لَكُما عَدُوٌّ مُبِينٌ
Adam-as accepted his-la words and they-as both ate from the tree, and it happened just as Allah-azwj has Told: their evil inclinations appeared to them [7:22], and it fell from them-as what Allah-azwj the Exalted had Clothed them-as from the clothing of the Paradise, and they both began to cover upon themselves from the leaves of the Garden, and their Lord Called out to them: “Did I not Forbid you two from that tree and Said to you that the Satan is your open enemy?” [7:22].
فَقَالا كَمَا حَكَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَنْهُمَا- رَبَّنا ظَلَمْنا أَنْفُسَنا وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَغْفِرْ لَنا وَ تَرْحَمْنا لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْخاسِرِينَ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ لَهُمَا اهْبِطُوا بَعْضُكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ وَ لَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُسْتَقَرٌّ وَ مَتاعٌ إِلى حِينٍ
They-as said just as Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Told on their-as behalf: They said: ‘Our Lord! We wronged ourselves, and if You do not Forgive us and have Mercy on us, we would become from the losers’ [7:23]. Allah-azwj Said to them-as: “Get down, some of you being the enemies of others, and for you in the earth, there is an abode and a provision to a time [7:24].
قَالَ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ قَوْلُهُ فَأَزَلَّهُمَا الشَّيْطانُ عَنْها فَأَخْرَجَهُما مِمَّا كانا فِيهِ وَ قُلْنَا اهْبِطُوا بَعْضُكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ وَ لَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُسْتَقَرٌّ وَ مَتاعٌ إِلى حِينٍ قَالَ فَهَبَطَ آدَمُ عَلَى الصَّفَا وَ إِنَّمَا سُمِّيَتِ الصَّفَا لِأَنَّ صَفْوَةَ اللَّهِ نَزَلَ عَلَيْهَا وَ نَزَلَتْ حَوَّاءُ عَلَى الْمَرْوَةِ وَ إِنَّمَا سُمِّيَتِ الْمَرْوَةَ لِأَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ نَزَلَتْ عَلَيْهَا فَبَقِيَ آدَمُ أَرْبَعِينَ صَبَاحاً سَاجِداً يَبْكِي عَلَى الْجَنَّةِ فَنَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع فَقَالَ يَا آدَمُ أَ لَمْ يَخْلُقْكَ اللَّهُ بِيَدِهِ وَ نَفَخَ فِيكَ مِنْ رُوحِهِ وَ أَسْجَدَ لَكَ مَلَائِكَتَهُ قَالَ بَلَى قَالَ وَ أَمَرَكَ أَنْ لَا تَأْكُلَ مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ فَلِمَ عَصَيْتَهُ قَالَ يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ إِنَّ إِبْلِيسَ حَلَفَ لِي بِاللَّهِ أَنَّهُ لِي نَاصِحٍ وَ مَا ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّ خَلْقاً يَخْلُقُهُ اللَّهُ يَحْلِفُ بِاللَّهِ كَاذِباً
(P.S. – This paragraph is not Hadeeth)[5]
6- فس، تفسير القمي أَبِي عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ مُوسَى سَأَلَ رَبَّهُ أَنْ يَجْمَعَ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ آدَمَ ع فَجَمَعَ فَقَالَ لَهُ مُوسَى يَا أَبَهْ أَ لَمْ يَخْلُقْكَ اللَّهُ بِيَدِهِ وَ نَفَخَ فِيكَ مِنْ رُوحِهِ وَ أَسْجَدَ لَكَ مَلَائِكَتَهُ وَ أَمَرَكَ أَنْ لَا تَأْكُلَ مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ فَلِمَ عَصَيْتَهُ
‘Tafseer Al-Qummi’ – My father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Ibn Muskan,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Musa-as asked his-as Lord-azwj that He-azwj Gathers between him-as and Adam-as, so He-azwj Gathered. Musa-as said to him-as: ‘O father-as! Did Allah-azwj not Create you-as by His-azwj hands and Blew into you-as from His-azwj Spirit, and His-azwj Angels did Sajdah to you-as, and Commanded you-as not to eat from the tree, then why did you-as disobey Him-azwj?’
قَالَ يَا مُوسَى بِكَمْ وَجَدْتَ خَطِيئَتِي قَبْلَ خَلْقِي فِي التَّوْرَاةِ قَالَ بِثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً قَالَ فَهُوَ ذَلِكَ
He-as said: ‘O Musa-as! By how much do you-as find my-as mistake to be before my-as creation in the Torah? He-as said: By thirty years. He-as said: ‘It is that’.
قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع فَحَجَّ آدَمُ مُوسَى ع
Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘Adam-as argued (overcame in the argument upon) Musa-as.[6]
7- فس، تفسير القمي رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: لَمَّا أُخْرِجَ آدَمُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ نَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع فَقَالَ يَا آدَمُ أَ لَيْسَ اللَّهُ خَلَقَكَ بِيَدِهِ وَ نَفَخَ فِيكَ مِنْ رُوحِهِ وَ أَسْجَدَ لَكَ مَلَائِكَتَهُ وَ زَوَّجَكَ حَوَّاءَ أَمَتَهُ وَ أَسْكَنَكَ الْجَنَّةَ وَ أَبَاحَهَا لَكَ وَ نَهَاكَ مُشَافَهَةً أَنْ لَا تَأْكُلْ مِنْ هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ فَأَكَلْتَ مِنْهَا وَ عَصَيْتَ اللَّهَ
‘Tafseer Al-Qummi’ – It is reported from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When Adam-as came out from the Garden, Jibraeel-as descended unto him-as and said: ‘O Adam-as! Didn’t Allah-azwj Create you-as by His-azwj Hands, and Blew into you-as from His-azwj Spirit, and His-azwj Angels did Sajdah to you-as, and got you-as married to your-as wife Hawwa-as, His-azwj Maid, and Settled you-as in the Garden, and Legalised it for you-as and Forbade you-as Verbally that you-as must not eat from this tree, but you-as ate from it, and disobeyed Allah-azwj?’
فَقَالَ آدَمُ ع يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ إِنَّ إِبْلِيسَ حَلَفَ لِي بِاللَّهِ أَنَّهُ لِي نَاصِحٌ فَمَا ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّ أَحَداً مِنْ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ يَحْلِفُ بِاللَّهِ كَاذِباً
Adam-as said: ‘O Jibraeel-as! Iblees-la swore to me-as by Allah-azwj and he-la is a sincere adviser to me-as, so I-as did not think that anyone from the creatures of Allah-azwj would swear falsely by Allah-azwj.[7]
8- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام تَمِيمٌ الْقُرَشِيُّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمْدَانَ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْجَهْمِ قَالَ: حَضَرْتُ مَجْلِسَ الْمَأْمُونِ وَ عِنْدَهُ الرِّضَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُوسَى ع فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَأْمُونُ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أَ لَيْسَ مِنْ قَوْلِكَ أَنَّ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ مَعْصُومُونَ قَالَ بَلَى قَالَ فَمَا مَعْنَى قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ عَصى آدَمُ رَبَّهُ فَغَوى
‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’ – Tameem Al Qarshy, from his father, from Hamdan Bin Suleyman, from Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Al Jahm who said,
‘I attended a gathering of Al-Mamoun and in his presence was Al-Reza Ali-asws Bin Musa-asws. Al-Mamoun said to him-asws, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! Isn’t it from your-asws words that the Prophets-as are infallible?’ He-asws said: ‘Yes’. He said, ‘What is the meaning of the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: And Adam disobeyed his Lord, so he strayed [20:121]?’
فَقَالَ ع إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى قَالَ لآِدَمَ ع- اسْكُنْ أَنْتَ وَ زَوْجُكَ الْجَنَّةَ وَ كُلا مِنْها رَغَداً حَيْثُ شِئْتُما وَ لا تَقْرَبا هذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ وَ أَشَارَ لَهُمَا إِلَى شَجَرَةِ الْحِنْطَةِ- فَتَكُونا مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ وَ لَمْ يَقُلْ لَهُمَا لَا تَأْكُلَا مِنْ هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ وَ لَا مِمَّا كَانَ مِنْ جِنْسِهَا فَلَمْ يَقْرَبَا تِلْكَ الشَّجَرَةَ وَ إِنَّمَا أَكَلَا مِنْ غَيْرِهَا
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj the Exalted Said to Adam-as: And We said: O Adam! You and your wife dwell in the Garden and eat from it a plenteous (food) wherever you two wish to and do not approach this tree, [2:35] -and Indicated to them-as the wheat tree for then you will become of the unjust. And He-azwj did not Say to them: “Do not eat from this tree, nor from what was from its type”. Thus, they-as did not go near that tree, and did not eat from it. But rather, they-as ate from other (tree)’.
لَمَّا أَنْ وَسْوَسَ الشَّيْطَانُ إِلَيْهِمَا- وَ قالَ ما نَهاكُما رَبُّكُما عَنْ هذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ وَ إِنَّمَا نَهَاكُمَا أَنْ تَقْرَبَا غَيْرَهَا وَ لَمْ يَنْهَكُمَا عَنِ الْأَكْلِ مِنْهَا- إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونا مَلَكَيْنِ أَوْ تَكُونا مِنَ الْخالِدِينَ وَ قاسَمَهُما إِنِّي لَكُما لَمِنَ النَّاصِحِينَ
When the Satan-la whispered to them both-as and said: ‘Your Lord did not Forbid you from this tree [7:20],but rather He-azwj has Forbidden you-as from going near to some other tree, and did not Forbid you-as from eating from it except that you would become two Angels or you would become from eternally living ones’ [7:20] And he swore to them both, ‘I am from the advisers to you’ [7:21].
وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ آدَمُ وَ حَوَّاءُ شَاهَدَا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ مَنْ يَحْلِفُ بِاللَّهِ كَاذِباً- فَدَلَّاهُما بِغُرُورٍ فَأَكَلَا مِنْهَا ثِقَةً بِيَمِينِهِ بِاللَّهِ
And Adam-as and Hawwa-as had not witnessed before that anyone who would swear falsely by Allah-azwj: Thus, he indicated to them with deceit [7:22]. The eating from it (was as a result of) his-as reliance upon the swear by Allah-azwj.
وَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ آدَمَ قَبْلَ النُّبُوَّةِ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ بِذَنْبٍ كَبِيرٍ اسْتَحَقَّ بِهِ دُخُولَ النَّارِ وَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ مِنَ الصَّغَائِرِ الْمَوْهُوبَةِ الَّتِي تَجُوزُ عَلَى الْأَنْبِيَاءِ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ الْوَحْيِ عَلَيْهِمْ فَلَمَّا اجْتَبَاهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى وَ جَعَلَهُ نَبِيّاً كَانَ مَعْصُوماً لَا يُذْنِبُ صَغِيرَةً وَ لَا كَبِيرَةً
And that was from Adam-as before the Prophet-hood, and it was not a major sin deserving of entry into the Fire. But rather, it was from the minor ones, Permissible ones which are Permissible upon the Prophets-as before the descent of the Revelation upon them-as. When Allah-azwj the Exalted Chose him-as and Made him-as a Prophet-as, he-as was infallible with neither a minor nor a major sin to him-as.
قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ عَصى آدَمُ رَبَّهُ فَغَوى ثُمَّ اجْتَباهُ رَبُّهُ فَتابَ عَلَيْهِ وَ هَدى وَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفى آدَمَ وَ نُوحاً وَ آلَ إِبْراهِيمَ وَ آلَ عِمْرانَ عَلَى الْعالَمِينَ
Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: And Adam disobeyed his Lord, so he strayed [20:121] Then his Lord Chose him, so He Turned to him and Guided [20:122]. And He-azwj Said: Surely, Allah chose Adam and Noah and the progeny of Ibrahim and the progeny of Imran above the worlds [3:33].[8]
9- مع، معاني الأخبار ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام ابْنُ عُبْدُوسٍ عَنِ ابْنِ قُتَيْبَةَ عَنْ حَمْدَانَ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنِ الْهَرَوِيِّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلرِّضَا ع يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الشَّجَرَةِ الَّتِي أَكَلَ مِنْهَا آدَمُ وَ حَوَّاءُ مَا كَانَتْ فَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَ النَّاسُ فِيهَا فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَرْوِي أَنَّهَا الْحِنْطَةُ وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَرْوِي أَنَّهَا الْعِنَبُ وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَرْوِي أَنَّهَا شَجَرَةُ الْحَسَدِ فَقَالَ كُلُّ ذَلِكَ حَقٌّ قُلْتُ فَمَا مَعْنَى هَذِهِ الْوُجُوهِ عَلَى اخْتِلَافِهَا
Ibn Abdous, from ibn Quteyba, from Hamdan Bin Suleyman, from Al Harwy who said,
‘I said to Al-Reza-asws, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! Inform me about the tree which Adam-as and Hawwa-as ate from, what was it? The people have differed regarding it. From them there is one reporting it was wheat, and from them is one reporting that it was grape, and from them is one reporting that it was the tree of envy’. He-asws said: ‘All that is true’. I said, ‘What is the meaning of these aspects upon its differing(s)?’
فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا الصَّلْتِ إِنَّ شَجَرَ الْجَنَّةِ تَحْمِلُ أَنْوَاعاً فَكَانَتْ شَجَرَةَ الْحِنْطَةِ وَ فِيهَا عِنَبٌ وَ لَيْسَتْ كَشَجَرِ الدُّنْيَا وَ إِنَّ آدَمَ ع لَمَّا أَكْرَمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ذِكْرُهُ بِإِسْجَادِ مَلَائِكَتِهِ لَهُ وَ بِإِدْخَالِهِ الْجَنَّةَ قَالَ فِي نَفْسِهِ هَلْ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ بَشَراً أَفْضَلَ مِنِّي
He-asws said: ‘O Abu Al-Salt! A tree of the Paradise bears a variety. There would be a tree of wheat and in it would be grapes, and it isn’t like a tree of the word; and Adam-as, when Allah-azwj, Exalted is His-azwj Mention, Honoured him-as by the Sajdahs of the Angels to him-as and by his-as entry into the Paradise, said within himself-as: ‘Has Allah-azwj Created any person superior than me-as?’
فَعَلِمَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَا وَقَعَ فِي نَفْسِهِ فَنَادَاهُ ارْفَعْ رَأْسَكَ يَا آدَمُ فَانْظُرْ إِلَى سَاقِ عَرْشِي فَرَفَعَ آدَمُ رَأْسَهُ فَنَظَرَ إِلَى سَاقِ الْعَرْشِ فَوَجَدَ عَلَيْهِ مَكْتُوباً لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ- مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ زَوْجُهُ فَاطِمَةُ سَيِّدَةُ نِسَاءِ الْعَالَمِينَ وَ الْحَسَنُ وَ الْحُسَيْنُ سَيِّدَا شَبَابِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ
Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Knew what had occurred in his-as self, so He-azwj Called out to him-as: “Raise your-as head and look at the Base of the Throne!” Adam-as raised his-as head and looked at the Base of the Throne and found Inscribed on it: “There is no god except Allah-azwj, Muhammad-saww is Rasool-saww of Allah-azwj, Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws Amir Al-Momineen-asws, and his-asws wife is Chiftess of the women of the words, and Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws are Chiefs of the youths of the inhabitants of the Paradise”.
فَقَالَ آدَمُ ع يَا رَبِّ مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ فَقَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِكَ وَ هُمْ خَيْرٌ مِنْكَ وَ مِنْ جَمِيعِ خَلْقِي وَ لَوْلَاهُمْ مَا خَلَقْتُكَ وَ لَا خَلَقْتُ الْجَنَّةَ وَ النَّارَ وَ لَا السَّمَاءَ وَ الْأَرْضَ فَإِيَّاكَ أَنْ تَنْظُرَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِعَيْنِ الْحَسَدِ فَأُخْرِجَكَ عَنْ جِوَارِي
Adam-as said: ‘O Lord-azwj! Who are they-asws?’ The Mighty and Majestic Said: “From your-asws offspring, and they-asws are better than you-as and from the entirety of My-azwj creatures; and had it not been for them-as, I-azwj would not have Created you-as nor Created the Paradise and the Fire, nor the sky and the earth. Beware of looking at them-asws with the envious eye for I-azwj shall Expel you-as from My-azwj vicinity!”
فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِعَيْنِ الْحَسَدِ وَ تَمَنَّى مَنْزِلَتَهُمْ فَتَسَلَّطَ الشَّيْطَانُ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى أَكَلَ مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ الَّتِي نُهِيَ عَنْهَا وَ تَسَلَّطَ عَلَى حَوَّاءَ لِنَظَرِهَا إِلَى فَاطِمَةَ ع بِعَيْنِ الْحَسَدِ حَتَّى أَكَلَتْ مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ كَمَا أَكَلَ آدَمُ فَأَخْرَجَهُمَا اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَنْ جَنَّتِهِ وَ أَهْبَطَهُمَا عَنْ جِوَارِهِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ
But, he-as looked at them-asws with the envious eye and coveted their-asws status, so the Satan-la overcame upon him-as until he-as ate from the tree which he-as had been Forbidden from, and he-la overcame upon Hawwa-as to look at (Syeda) Fatima-asws with the envious eye until she-as ate from the tree just as Adam-as had eaten. So, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Expelled them-as from His-azwj Paradise, and they-as descended from His-azwj vicinity to the earth.[9]
10- ع، علل الشرائع أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ مُصْعَبٍ عَنْ فُرَاتِ بْنِ أَحْنَفَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْبَاقِرِ ع قَالَ: لَوْ لَا أَنَّ آدَمَ أَذْنَبَ مَا أَذْنَبَ مُؤْمِنٌ أَبَداً وَ لَوْ لَا أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ تَابَ عَلَى آدَمَ مَا تَابَ عَلَى مُذْنِبٍ أَبَداً
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – My father, from Sa’ad, from Abdullah Bin Muhammad, from his father, from Ahmad Bin Al Nazar, from Umar Bin Mas’ab, from Furat Bin Ahnaf,
‘From Abu Ja’far Al-Baqir-asws having said: ‘If Adam-as had not sinned, no Momin would have sinned, ever, and if Allah-azwj had not Turned to Adam-as (with Mercy), He-azwj would not have Turned to any sinner, ever![10]
11- ع، علل الشرائع ابْنُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنِ السَّعْدَآبَادِيِّ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَلَاءِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: لَمَّا هَبَطَ آدَمُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ ظَهَرَتْ فِيهِ شَامَةٌ سَوْدَاءُ فِي وَجْهِهِ مِنْ قَرْنِهِ إِلَى قَدَمِهِ فَطَالَ حُزْنُهُ وَ بُكَاؤُهُ عَلَى مَا ظَهَرَ بِهِ فَأَتَاهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع فَقَالَ لَهُ مَا يُبْكِيكَ يَا آدَمُ قَالَ لِهَذِهِ الشَّامَةِ الَّتِي ظَهَرَتْ بِي
‘IlAl-Sharaie’ – Ibn Al Mutawakkal, from Al Sa’ad Abady, from Al Barqy, from Fazalat, from Al-Husayn Bin Abu Al A’ala,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When Adam-as descended from the Paradise, there appeared in him-as black pimples in his-as face from his-as face to his-as feet. His-azwj grief and his-as crying were prolonged upon what had appeared with him-as. Jibraeel-as came to him-as and said to him-as: ‘What makes you-as cry, O Adam-as?’ He-as said: ‘Due to these pimples which have appeared with me-as’.
قَالَ قُمْ فَصَلِّ فَهَذَا وَقْتُ الْأُولَى فَقَامَ فَصَلَّى فَانْحَطَّتِ الشَّامَةُ إِلَى صَدْرِهِ فَجَاءَهُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ الثَّانِيَةِ فَقَالَ يَا آدَمُ قُمْ فَصَلِّ فَهَذِهِ وَقْتُ الصَّلَاةِ الثَّانِيَةِ فَقَامَ فَصَلَّى فَانْحَطَّتِ الشَّامَةُ إِلَى سُرَّتِهِ
He-as said: ‘Arise and pray Salat for this is the first timing’. He-as stood and prayed Salat, and the pimples up to his-as chest, fell off. Then he-as came to him-as during the second Salat and he-as said: ‘O Adam-as! Arise and pray Salat, for this is the time of the second Salat’. He-as stood and prayed Salat, and the pimples up to his-as navel fell off.
فَجَاءَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ الثَّالِثَةِ فَقَالَ يَا آدَمُ قُمْ فَصَلِّ فَهَذِهِ وَقْتُ الصَّلَاةِ الثَّالِثَةِ فَقَامَ فَصَلَّى فَانْحَطَّتِ الشَّامَةُ إِلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ
He-as came to him-as during the third Salat and said: ‘O Adam-as! Arise and pray Salat, for this is the time of the third Salat’. He-as stood and prayed Salat and the pimples up to his-as knees fell off.
فَجَاءَهُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ الرَّابِعَةِ فَقَالَ يَا آدَمُ قُمْ فَصَلِّ فَهَذِهِ وَقْتُ الصَّلَاةِ الرَّابِعَةِ فَقَامَ فَصَلَّى فَانْحَطَّتِ الشَّامَةُ إِلَى رِجْلَيْهِ
He-as came to him-as during the fourth Salat and said: ‘O Adam-as! Arise and pray Salat, for this is the time for the fourth Salat’. He-as stood and prayed Salat, and the pimples up to his legs fell off.
فَجَاءَهُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ الْخَامِسَةِ فَقَالَ يَا آدَمُ قُمْ فَصَلِّ فَهَذَا وَقْتُ الصَّلَاةِ الْخَامِسَةِ فَقَامَ فَصَلَّى فَخَرَجَ مِنْهَا فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَ أَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ جَبْرَئِيلُ يَا آدَمُ مَثَلُ وُلْدِكَ فِي هَذِهِ الصَّلَوَاتِ كَمَثَلِكَ فِي هَذِهِ الشَّامَةِ مَنْ صَلَّى مِنْ وُلْدِكَ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَ لَيْلَةٍ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ خَرَجَ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ كَمَا خَرَجْتَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الشَّامَةِ
He-as came to him-as during the fifth Salat and said: ‘O Adam-as! Arise and pray Salat, for this is the time of the fifth Salat’. He-as stood and prayed Salat, and they came out from him-as (totally). He-as praised Allah-azwj and extolled upon Him-azwj. Jibraeel-as said: ‘O Adam-as! An example of your-as children regarding these Salats is like your-as example in these pimples. One from your-as children who prays five Salats during every day and night, he would come out from his sins just as you-as came out from these pimples.[11]
12- ع، علل الشرائع أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ وَ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي الدَّيْلَمِ- عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: سُمِّيَ الْأَبْطَحُ أَبْطَحَ لِأَنَّ آدَمَ أُمِرَ أَنْ يَنْبَطِحَ فِي بَطْحَاءِ جَمْعٍ فَتَبَطَّحَ حَتَّى انْفَجَرَ الصُّبْحُ ثُمَّ أُمِرَ أَنْ يَصْعَدَ جَبَلَ جَمْعٍ وَ أُمِرَ إِذَا طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ أَنْ يَعْتَرِفَ بِذَنْبِهِ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ آدَمُ فَأَرْسَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ نَاراً مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَقَبَضَتْ قُرْبَانَ آدَمَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – My father, from Sa’ad, from Al Barqy, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Ismail Bin Jabir and Abdul Kareem Bin Amro, from Abdul Hameed Bin Abu Al Daylam,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Al-Abtah was named as ‘Abtah’ because Adam-as was instructed to lie down (Yanbatah) in Bat’ha, (a mount of) Jam’a. So, he-as lied down until the morning broke. Then he-as was instructed to ascend Mount Jam’a and instructed that when the sun emerges, he-as should acknowledge his-as sins. Adam-as did that, and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Sent a fire from the sky and it grabbed the offering of Adam-as.[12]
13- ع، علل الشرائع ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام سَأَلَ الشَّامِيُّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع لِمَ صَارَ الْمِيرَاثُ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ قَالَ مِنْ قِبَلِ السُّنْبُلَةِ كَانَ عَلَيْهَا ثَلَاثُ حَبَّاتٍ فَبَادَرَتْ إِلَيْهَا حَوَّاءُ فَأَكَلَتْ مِنْهَا حَبَّةً وَ أَطْعَمَتْ آدَمَ حَبَّتَيْنِ فَمِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ وَرِثَ الذَّكَرُ مِثْلَ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – The Syrian asked Amir Al-Momineen-asws, ‘Why did the inheritance come to be for the male like a share of the two females?’ He-asws said: ‘From the direction of the ear of the wheat upon which were three seeds. Hawwa-as went to it and ate one seed from it and she-as fed two seeds to Adam-as. Therefore, for that reason the male inherits like a share of the two females.[13]
14- ع، علل الشرائع الدَّقَّاقُ عَنِ الْأَسَدِيِّ عَنِ النَّخَعِيِّ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع كَيْفَ صَارَ الْمِيرَاثُ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ فَقَالَ لِأَنَّ الْحَبَّاتِ الَّتِي أَكَلَهَا آدَمُ وَ حَوَّاءُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ كَانَتْ ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ أَكَلَ آدَمُ مِنْهَا اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ حَبَّةً وَ أَكَلَتْ حَوَّاءُ سِتّاً فَلِذَلِكَ صَارَ الْمِيرَاثُ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – Al Daqaq, from Al Asady, from Al Nakhaie, from Al Nowfaly, from Ali Bin Salim, from his father who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘How did the inheritance become for the male a share like the two females?’ He-asws said: ‘Because of the seeds which Adam-as and Hawwa-as ate in the Paradise which were eighteen. Adam-as ate twelve from these, and Hawwa-as ate six. Therefore, due to that, the inheritance became for the male a share of the two females.[14]
15- ع، علل الشرائع أَبِي عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ الرَّازِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ وَ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي الدَّيْلَمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى لَمَّا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتُوبَ عَلَى آدَمَ ع أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ جَبْرَئِيلَ فَقَالَ لَهُ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا آدَمُ الصَّابِرُ عَلَى بَلِيَّتِهِ التَّائِبُ عَنْ خَطِيئَتِهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى بَعَثَنِي إِلَيْكَ لِأُعَلِّمَكَ الْمَنَاسِكَ الَّتِي يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْكَ بِهَا
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – My father, from Ali Bin Suleyman Al Razy, from Ibn Abu Al Khatab, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Ismail Bin Jabir and Abdul Kareem Bin Amro, from Abdul Hameed Bin Abu Al Daylam,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Wanted to Turn to Adam-as, Sent Jibraeel-as to him-as. He-as said to him-as: ‘The greetings be upon you-as, O Adam-as, the patient upon his-as afflictions, and repentant upon his-as mistake! Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Sent me-as to you-as to Teach you-as the rituals through which He-azwj Wants to Turn to you-as!’
وَ أَخَذَ جَبْرَئِيلُ بِيَدِهِ وَ انْطَلَقَ بِهِ حَتَّى أَتَى الْبَيْتَ فَنَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ غَمَامَةٌ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَقَالَ لَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع خُطَّ بِرِجْلِكَ حَيْثُ أَظَلَّكَ هَذَا الْغَمَامُ ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ بِهِ حَتَّى أَتَى بِهِ مِنًى فَأَرَاهُ مَوْضِعَ مَسْجِدِ مِنًى فَخَطَّهُ وَ خَطَّ الْحَرَمَ بَعْدَ مَا خَطَّ مَكَانَ الْبَيْتِ
And Jibraeel-as grabbed his-as hand and went with him-as until he-as came to the House (Kabah). A cloud descended unto him-as from the sky, and Jibraeel-as said to him-as: ‘Mark by you-as leg where this cloud shaded you-as’. Then he-as went with him-as until he-as came with him-as to Mina, and showed him-as the place of the Masjid of Mina, and marked it, and marked the Sanctuary (Hurrum) after having marked the place of the House (Kabah).
ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ بِهِ إِلَى عَرَفَاتٍ فَأَقَامَهُ عَلَى الْعُرْفِ وَ قَالَ لَهُ إِذَا غَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَاعْتَرِفْ بِذَنْبِكَ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ آدَمُ وَ لِذَلِكَ سُمِّيَ الْمُعَرَّفَ لِأَنَّ آدَمَ اعْتَرَفَ عَلَيْهِ بِذَنْبِهِ
Then he-as went with him-as to Arafaat and stood him-as upon the heights and said to him-as: ‘When the sun sets, acknowledge your-as sins seven times’. Adam-as did that and therefore due to that it is named as ‘Al-Ma’arif’ because Adam-as acknowledged (A’taraf) his-as sins upon it.
فَجُعِلَ ذَلِكَ سُنَّةً فِي وُلْدِهِ يَعْتَرِفُونَ بِذُنُوبِهِمْ كَمَا اعْتَرَفَ أَبُوهُمْ وَ يَسْأَلُونَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ التَّوْبَةَ كَمَا سَأَلَهَا أَبُوهُمْ آدَمُ ع
That was made to be a Sunnah among his-as children to acknowledge their sins just as their father-as had acknowledged, and they would be asking Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, for the repentance just as their father Adam-as had asked.
ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ فَأَفَاضَ مِنْ عَرَفَاتٍ فَمَرَّ عَلَى الْجِبَالِ السَّبْعَةِ فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُكَبِّرَ عَلَى كُلِّ جَبَلٍ أَرْبَعَ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ آدَمُ ثُمَّ انْتَهَى بِهِ إِلَى جَمْعٍ ثُلُثَ اللَّيْلِ فَجَمَعَ فِيهَا بَيْنَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ بَيْنَ صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ فَلِذَلِكَ سُمِّيَتْ جَمْعاً لِأَنَّ آدَمَ جَمَعَ فِيهَا بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ فَهُوَ وَقْتُ الْعَتَمَةِ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَ ثُلُثُ اللَّيْلِ فِي ذَلِكَ الْمَوْضِعِ
Then Jibraeel-as instructed him-as, so he-as departed from Arafat and passed by the seven mountains, and he-as instructed him-as to exclaim four Takbeers upon every mount. Adam-as did that. Then he-as ended up with him-as to Jam’a a third of the night, and he gathered therein between Al-Maghrib and Al-Isha the last Salat, therefore it is named as Jam’a, because Adam-as gathered (Jam’a) in it between the two Salats. It is the time of darkness of that night, a third of the night in that place.
ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَنْبَطِحَ فِي بَطْحَاءِ جَمْعٍ فَتَبَطَّحَ حَتَّى انْفَجَرَ الصُّبْحُ ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَصْعَدَ عَلَى الْجَبَلِ جَبَلِ جَمْعٍ وَ أَمَرَهُ إِذَا طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ أَنْ يَعْتَرِفَ بِذَنْبِهِ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ وَ يَسْأَلَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ التَّوْبَةَ وَ الْمَغْفِرَةَ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ آدَمُ كَمَا أَمَرَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ وَ إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ اعْتِرَافَيْنِ لِيَكُونَ سُنَّةً فِي وُلْدِهِ فَمَنْ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ عَرَفَاتٍ وَ أَدْرَكَ جَمْعاً فَقَدْ وَفَى بِحَجِّهِ
Then he-as instructed him-as to lie down in Bat’ha, so he-as lied down until the morning broke. Then he-as instructed him-as to ascend the mountain, Mount Jam’a, and instructed him-as that when the sun emerges, he-as should acknowledge his-as sins seven times and ask Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic for the repentance and the Forgiveness seven times. Adam-as did that just as he-as had been instructed by Jibraeel-as. And rather, the two acknowledgements were made to become a Sunna among his-as children. The one who does not come across Arafat and goes to Jam’a, so he-as has fulfilled his Hajj.
فَأَفَاضَ آدَمُ مِنْ جَمْعٍ إِلَى مِنًى فَبَلَغَ مِنًى ضُحًى فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فِي مَسْجِدِ مِنًى ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُقَرِّبَ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قُرْبَاناً لِيَقْبَلَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ وَ يَعْلَمَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ تَابَ عَلَيْهِ وَ يَكُونَ سُنَّةً فِي وُلْدِهِ بِالْقُرْبَانِ فَقَرَّبَ آدَمُ ع قُرْبَاناً فَقَبِلَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ قُرْبَانَهُ وَ أَرْسَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ نَاراً مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَقَبَضَتْ قُرْبَانَ آدَمَ
Adam-as departed from Jam’a to go to Mina and the offering reached Mina. He-as instructed him-as to pray two Cycles Salat in Masjid Mina. Then he-as instructed him to offer an offering to Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic for Allah-azwj to Accept from him-as and for him-as to know that Allah-azwj had Turned to him-as, and for it to become a Sunnah among his children with the offering. Adam-as offering an offering. Allah-azwj accepted his-as offering from him-as and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Sent a fire from the sky and it grabbed the offering of Adam-as.
فَقَالَ لَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى قَدْ أَحْسَنَ إِلَيْكَ إِذْ عَلَّمَكَ الْمَنَاسِكَ الَّتِي تَابَ عَلَيْكَ بِهَا وَ قَبِلَ قُرْبَانَكَ فَاحْلِقْ رَأْسَكَ تَوَاضُعاً لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِذْ قَبِلَ قُرْبَانَكَ فَحَلَقَ آدَمُ رَأْسَهُ تَوَاضُعاً لِلَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى
Jibraeel-as said to him-as: ‘Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted has been Good to you-as when He-azwj Taught you-as the rituals through which He-azwj Turn to you-as and Accept your-as offering, therefore shave your-as head in reverence to Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic since He-azwj has Accepted your-as offering’. Adam-as shaved his-as head in reverence to Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted.
ثُمَّ أَخَذَ جَبْرَئِيلُ بِيَدِ آدَمَ فَانْطَلَقَ بِهِ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ فَعَرَضَ لَهُ إِبْلِيسُ عِنْدَ الْجَمْرَةِ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا آدَمُ أَيْنَ تُرِيدُ قَالَ جَبْرَئِيلُ يَا آدَمُ ارْمِهِ بِسَبْعِ حَصَيَاتٍ وَ كَبِّرْ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصَاةٍ تَكْبِيرَةً فَفَعَلَ آدَمُ ذَلِكَ كَمَا أَمَرَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ فَذَهَبَ إِبْلِيسُ
Then Jibraeel-as grabbed the hand of Adam-as and went with him-as to the House, and Iblees-la presented to him-as by the rocks and said to him-as, ‘O Adam-as! Where are you-as intending (to go)?’ Jibraeel-as said: ‘O Adam-as! Pelt him-la with seven pebbles and exclaim Takbeers, one Takbeer with every pebble. Adam-as did that just as Jibraeel-as had instructed him-as, and Iblees-la went away.
ثُمَّ أَخَذَ بِيَدِهِ فِي الْيَوْمِ الثَّانِي فَانْطَلَقَ بِهِ إِلَى الْجَمْرَةِ فَعَرَضَ لَهُ إِبْلِيسُ فَقَالَ لَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ ارْمِهِ بِسَبْعِ حَصَيَاتٍ وَ كَبِّرْ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصَاةٍ تَكْبِيرَةً فَفَعَلَ آدَمُ ذَلِكَ فَذَهَبَ إِبْلِيسُ
Then he-as grabbed his-as hand on the second day and went with him-as to the rocks, and Iblees-la presented to him-as. Jibraeel-as said to him-as: ‘Pelt him-as with seven pebbles and exclaim Takbeers, one Takbeer with every pebble’. Adam-as did that, and Iblees-la went away.
ثُمَّ عَرَضَ لَهُ عِنْدَ الْجَمْرَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا آدَمُ أَيْنَ تُرِيدُ فَقَالَ لَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ ارْمِهِ بِسَبْعِ حَصَيَاتٍ وَ كَبِّرْ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصَاةٍ تَكْبِيرَةً فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ آدَمُ فَذَهَبَ إِبْلِيسُ
Then he-la presented to him-as at the second rock and said to him-as, ‘O Adam-as! Where are you-as intending (to go)?’ Jibraeel-as said to him-as: ‘Pelt him-la with seven pebbles and Takbeers, one Takbeer with every pebble’. Adam-as did that, and Iblees-la went away.
ثُمَّ عَرَضَ لَهُ عِنْدَ الْجَمْرَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا آدَمُ أَيْنَ تُرِيدُ فَقَالَ لَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ ارْمِهِ بِسَبْعِ حَصَيَاتٍ وَ كَبِّرْ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصَاةٍ تَكْبِيرَةً فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ آدَمُ فَذَهَبَ
Then he-la presented to him-as at the third rock and said to him-as, ‘O Adam-as! Where are you intending (to go)?’ Jibraeel-as said to him-as: ‘Pelt him-la with seven pebbles and Takbeers, one Takbeer with every pebble’. Adam-as did that, and Iblees-la went away.
إِبْلِيسُ ثُمَّ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ بِهِ فِي الْيَوْمِ الثَّالِثِ وَ الرَّابِعِ فَذَهَبَ إِبْلِيسُ فَقَالَ لَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَرَاهُ بَعْدَ مَقَامِكَ هَذَا أَبَداً
Then that was done with him-as during the third day, and the fourth, and Iblees-la went away. Jibraeel-as said to him-as: ‘You-as will never see him-la after this stay of yours-as, ever’.
ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ بِهِ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ آدَمُ فَقَالَ لَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى قَدْ غَفَرَ لَكَ وَ قَبِلَ تَوْبَتَكَ وَ حَلَّتْ لَكَ زَوْجَتُكَ
Then he-as went with him-as to the House (Kabah) and instructed him-as to do Tawaaf of the House seven times. Adam-as did that. Jibraeel-as said to him-as: ‘Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted has Forgiven you-as and Accepted your-as repentance and has Legalised your-as wife for you-as.[15]
16- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الصَّدُوقِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي الدَّيْلَمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: هَبَطَ آدَمُ ع عَلَى الصَّفَا وَ لِذَلِكَ سُمِّيَ الصَّفَا لِأَنَّ الْمُصْطَفَى هَبَطَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفى آدَمَ وَ نُوحاً وَ هَبَطَتْ حَوَّاءُ عَلَى الْمَرْوَةِ وَ إِنَّمَا سُمِّيَتِ الْمَرْوَةَ لِأَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ هَبَطَتْ عَلَيْهَا وَ هُمَا جَبَلَانِ عَنْ يَمِينِ الْكَعْبَةِ وَ شِمَالِهَا
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya’ – By the chain from Al Sadouq, from his father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Isa, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Ismail Bin Jabir, from Abdul Hameed Bin Abu Al Zaylam,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Adam-as descend upon Al-Safa and due to that it was named as ‘Al-Safa’ because the Chosen one (Al-Mustafa) descended upon it. Allah-azwj the Exalted Said: Surely Allah chose Adam and Noah [3:33]. And Hawwa-as descended upon Al-Marwa, and rather it is named as ‘Al-Marwa’ because the woman ‘Al-Mar’a’ descended upon it, and these are both mounts on the right of the Kabah and its left.
فَاعْتَزَلَهَا آدَمُ حِينَ فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا فَكَانَ يَأْتِيهَا بِالنَّهَارِ فَيَتَحَدَّثُ عِنْدَهَا فَإِذَا كَانَ اللَّيْلُ خَشِيَ أَنْ تَغْلِبَهُ نَفْسُهُ فَيَرْجِعُ فَمَكَثَ بِذَلِكَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ أُرْسِلَ إِلَيْهِ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع فَقَالَ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا آدَمُ وَ سَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ كَمَا مَرَّ
Adam-as left her-as when there was a separation between them-as, and he-as used to come to her-as by the day and discuss it. When it was night, he-as feared the overcoming of his-as self, he-as would return. It remained such for as long as Allah-azwj so Desired. Then Allah-azwj Sent Jibraeel-as to him-as and he-as said: ‘The greetings be upon you-as, O Adam-as!’ – and the Hadeeth continues just as has passed (above).[16]
17- ع، علل الشرائع عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَاتِمِ عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الطَّاهِرِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَبِي خَدِيجَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ مَرَّ بِأَبِي ع رَجُلٌ وَ هُوَ يَطُوفُ فَضَرَبَ بِيَدِهِ عَلَى مَنْكِبِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَسْأَلُكَ عَنْ خِصَالٍ ثَلَاثٍ لَا يَعْرِفُهُنَّ غَيْرُكَ وَ غَيْرُ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – From Ali Bin Hatim, from Humeyd Bin Ziyad, from Ubeydullah Bin Ahmad, from Ali Bin Al Hassan Al Tahiry, from Muhammad Bin Ziyad, from Abu Khadeeja who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘A man passed by my-asws father-asws while he-asws was doing Tawaaf and struck his hand upon his-as shoulder, then said, ‘I ask you-asws about three characteristics, none know these apart from you-asws or another man’.
فَسَكَتَ عَنْهُ حَتَّى فَرَغَ مِنْ طَوَافِهِ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ الْحِجْرَ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ أَنَا مَعَهُ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ نَادَى أَيْنَ هَذَا السَّائِلُ فَجَاءَ وَ جَلَسَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ سَلْ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ ن وَ الْقَلَمِ وَ ما يَسْطُرُونَ فَأَجَابَهُ
He-asws was silent from him until he-asws was free from his-asws Tawaaf, then entered the room and prayed two Cycles, and I-asws was with him-asws. When he-asws was free, he-asws called out: ‘Where is this questioner?’ He came and sat in front of him-asws, so he-asws said to him: ‘Ask’. He asked him-asws about Noon and the Pen, and what they will be writing! [68:1], and he-asws answered him.
ثُمَّ قَالَ حَدِّثْنِي عَنِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ حِينَ رَدُّوا عَلَى الرَّبِّ حَيْثُ غَضِبَ عَلَيْهِمْ كَيْفَ رَضِيَ عَنْهُمْ
Then he said, ‘Narrate to me about the Angels when they rebutted upon the Lord-azwj where He-azwj was Wrathful upon them, how did He-azwj become Pleased from them?’
فَقَالَ إِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ طَافُوا بِالْعَرْشِ سَبْعَ سِنِينَ يَدْعُونَهُ وَ يَسْتَغْفِرُونَهُ وَ يَسْأَلُونَهُ أَنْ يَرْضَى عَنْهُمْ فَرَضِيَ عَنْهُمْ بَعْدَ سَبْعِ سِنِينَ فَقَالَ صَدَقْتَ
He-asws said: ‘The Angels performed Tawaaf of the Throne for seven years supplicating to Him-azwj and seeking His-azwj Forgiveness and asking Him-azwj to be Pleased with them. He-azwj was Pleased from them after seven years’. He said, ‘You-asws speak the truth.
ثُمَّ قَالَ حَدِّثْنِي عَنْ رِضَى الرَّبِّ عَنْ آدَمَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ آدَمَ أُنْزِلَ فَنَزَلَ فِي الْهِنْدِ وَ سَأَلَ رَبَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ هَذَا الْبَيْتَ فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُ فَيَطُوفَ بِهِ أُسْبُوعاً وَ يَأْتِيَ مِنًى وَ عَرَفَاتٍ فَيَقْضِيَ مَنَاسِكَهُ كُلَّهَا فَجَاءَ مِنَ الْهِنْدِ وَ كَانَ مَوْضِعَ قَدَمَيْهِ حَيْثُ يَطَأُ عَلَيْهِ عُمْرَانٌ وَ مَا بَيْنَ الْقَدَمِ إِلَى الْقَدَمِ صَحَارَى لَيْسَ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ
Then he said, ‘Narrate to me about the Pleasure of the Lord-azwj from Adam-as’. He-asws said: ‘Adam-as descended, and came down in India, and asked his-as Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic of this House. He-azwj Commanded him-as to go to it and do the Tawaaf of it of seven circuits, did come to Mina and Arafat and fulfilled his-as rituals, all of them. He-as came from India, and the place of his-as feet were buildings, and what is between the footstep to the footstep were deserts, there not being anything in it.
ثُمَّ جَاءَ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ فَطَافَ أُسْبُوعاً وَ أَتَى مَنَاسِكَهُ فَقَضَاهَا كَمَا أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ فَقَبِلَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ التَّوْبَةَ وَ غَفَرَ لَهُ
Then he-as came to the House and did Tawaaf of seven circuits, and completed his-as rituals just as Allah-azwj had Commanded him-as. Allah-azwj Accepted the repentance from him-as and Forgave him.
قَالَ فَجَعَلَ طَوَافَ آدَمَ لَمَّا طَافَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ بِالْعَرْشِ سَبْعَ سِنِينَ فَقَالَ جَبْرَئِيلُ هَنِيئاً لَكَ يَا آدَمُ قَدْ غُفِرَ لَكَ لَقَدْ طُفْتُ بِهَذَا الْبَيْتِ قَبْلَكَ بِثَلَاثِ آلَافِ سَنَةٍ فَقَالَ آدَمُ يَا رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَ لِذُرِّيَّتِي مِنْ بَعْدِي فَقَالَ نَعَمْ مَنْ آمَنَ مِنْهُمْ بِي وَ بِرُسُلِي
He-asws said: ‘The Tawaaf of Adam-as was made to be due to what the Angels had done Tawaaf with the Throne for seven years. Jibraeel-as said: ‘Congratulations to you-as, O Adam-as! He-azwj had Forgiven you-as. This House has had Tawaaf performed before you for three thousand years’. Adam-as said: ‘O Lord-azwj! Forgive me-as and my-as offspring from after me-as’. He-azwj Said: “Yes, the ones who believe in Me-azwj and My-azwj Rasool-saww!”
فَقَالَ صَدَقْتَ وَ مَضَى فَقَالَ أَبِي ع هَذَا جَبْرَئِيلُ أَتَاكُمْ يُعَلِّمُكُمْ مَعَالِمَ دِينِكُمْ
He said, ‘You speak the truth’, and went away. My-asws father-asws said: ‘This was Jibraeel-as coming to you all, teaching you the matters of your Religion.[17]
18- ع، علل الشرائع عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْأَسْوَارِيُ عَنْ مَكِّيِّ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ سَعْدَوَيْهِ الْبَرْدَعِيِ عَنْ نُوحِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ الْعَسْقَلَانِيِّ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ جَمِيلٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ أَبِي النَّجُودِ عَنْ زِرِّ بْنِ حُبَيْشٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ عَنْ أَيَّامِ الْبِيضِ مَا سَبَبُهَا وَ كَيْفَ سَمِعْتَ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – Ali Bin Abdullah Bin Ahmad Al Aswary, from Maky Bin Ahmad Bin Sa’dawiya Al Bardaie, from Nouh Bin al Hassan, from Jameel Bin Sa’ad, from Ahmad Bin Abdul Wahid Bin Suleyman Al Asqalany, from Al Qasim Bin Jameel, from Hamad Bin Salma, from Aasim Bin Abu Al Najoud, from Zarr Bin Habeysh who said,
‘I asked Ibn Masoud about the days of whiteness, what is its reason? And how have they been named as such?’
قَالَ سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ص يَقُولُ إِنَّ آدَمَ لَمَّا عَصَى رَبَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ نَادَاهُ مُنَادٍ مِنْ لَدُنِ الْعَرْشِ يَا آدَمُ اخْرُجْ مِنْ جِوَارِي فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُجَاوِرُنِي أَحَدٌ عَصَانِي فَبَكَى وَ بَكَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهِ جَبْرَئِيلَ فَأَهْبَطَهُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ مُسْوَدّاً
He said, ‘I heard the Prophet-saww saying: ‘When Adam-as disobeyed his-as Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic, a Caller Called out to him-as from the Throne: “O Adam-as! Get out from My-azwj Vicinity, for no one who has disobeyed Me-azwj can be in My-azwj Vicinity!” So, he-as cried and the Angels cried. Then Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Sent Jibraeel-as to him-as and descended him-as to the earth blackened (of pimples from head to toe).
فَلَمَّا رَأَتْهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ضَجَّتْ وَ بَكَتْ وَ انْتَحَبَتْ وَ قَالَتْ يَا رَبِّ خَلْقاً خَلَقْتَهُ وَ نَفَخْتَ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوْحِكَ وَ أَسْجَدْتَ لَهُ مَلَائِكَتَكَ بِذَنْبٍ وَاحِدٍ حَوَّلْتَ بَيَاضَهُ سَوَاداً
When the Angels saw him-as, they raised a clamour and cried and wailed and said: ‘O Lord-azwj! A creature You-as Created, and Blew into him-as from Your-azwj Spirit, and Your-as Angels did Sajdah to him-as, due to one sin You-azwj Transformed his-as whiteness to blackness?’
فَنَادَى مُنَادٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ صُمْ لِرَبِّكَ الْيَوْمَ فَصَامَ فَوَافَقَ يَوْمَ الثَّالِثَ عَشَرَ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ فَذَهَبَ ثُلُثُ السَّوَادِ ثُمَّ نُودِيَ يَوْمَ الرَّابِعَ عَشَرَ أَنْ صُمْ لِرَبِّكَ الْيَوْمَ فَصَامَ فَذَهَبَ ثُلُثُ السَّوَادِ ثُمَّ نُودِيَ فِي يَوْمِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ بِالصِّيَامِ فَصَامَ وَ قَدْ ذَهَبَ السَّوَادُ كُلُّهُ فَسُمِّيَتْ أَيَّامَ الْبِيضِ لِلَّذِي رَدَّ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِيهِ عَلَى آدَمَ مِنْ بَيَاضِهِ
A Caller called out from the sky: “Fast to your-as Lord-azwj today!” He-as Fasted, and it was harmonious with the thirteenth of the month. A third of the blackness (pimples) went away. Then there was a Call on the fourteenth day: “Fast for your-as Lord-azwj today!” He-as Fasted and a third of the blackness (pimples) went away. Then there was a Call during the fifteenth day with the Fasting. He-as Fasted and all the blackness (pimples) went away, all of it. Thus, the days of the whiteness are those which Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic during it Returned upon Adam-as of his-as whiteness.
ثُمَّ نَادَى مُنَادٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ يَا آدَمُ هَذِهِ الثَّلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ جَعَلْتُهَا لَكَ وَ لِوُلْدِكَ مَنْ صَامَهَا فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ فَإِنَّمَا صَامَ الدَّهْرَ
Then a Caller Called out from the sky: “O Adam-as! These three days have been Made to be for you-as and your-as children. One who Fasts these during every month, so he has Fasted forever.
قَالَ جَمِيلٌ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ وَ سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ شَيْبَانَ الْبَرْمَكِيَّ يَقُولُ وَ زَادَ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ فِي الْحَدِيثِ
Jameel said, ‘Ahmad Bin Abdul Wahid said, ‘And I heard Ahmad Bin Shayban Al-Barmakky saying, ‘And Al-Humeydi increased in the Hadeeth: –
فَجَلَسَ آدَمُ ع جِلْسَةَ الْقُرْفُصَاءِ وَ رَأْسُهُ بَيْنَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ كَئِيباً حَزِيناً فَبَعَثَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى جَبْرَئِيلَ فَقَالَ يَا آدَمُ مَا لِي أَرَاكَ كَئِيباً حَزِيناً فَقَالَ لَا أَزَالُ كَئِيباً حَزِيناً حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ
‘Adam-as sat down in a sitting of a squatter, and his-as head was between his-as knees, gloomily, grieving. The Blessed and Exalted Sent Jibraeel-as, and he-as said: ‘O Adam-as! What is the matter I-as see you-as gloomy, grieving?’ He-as said: ‘I-as will not cease to be gloomy, grieving until the Command of Allah-azwj comes.
فَقَالَ إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكَ وَ هُوَ يُقْرِئُكَ السَّلَامَ وَ يَقُولُ يَا آدَمُ حَيَّاكَ اللَّهُ وَ بَيَّاكَ قَالَ أَمَّا حَيَّاكَ اللَّهُ فَأَعْرِفُهُ فَمَا بَيَّاكَ قَالَ أَضْحَكَكَ
He-as said: ‘I-as am a Messenger of Allah-azwj to you-as, and He-azwj Conveys the Greetings to you-as and is Saying: “O Adam-as! May Allah-azwj Revive you-as and Refresh you-as’. He-as said: ‘As for ‘Revive you’, I-as recognise it, but what is ‘Refresh you’?’ He-as said: ‘Make you-as smile’.
قَالَ فَسَجَدَ آدَمُ فَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَ قَالَ يَا رَبِّ زِدْنِي جَمَالًا فَأَصْبَحَ وَ لَهُ لِحْيَةٌ سَوْدَاءُ كَالْحُمَمِ فَضَرَبَ بِيَدِهِ إِلَيْهَا فَقَالَ يَا رَبِّ مَا هَذِهِ فَقَالَ هَذِهِ اللِّحْيَةُ زَيَّنْتُكَ بِهَا أَنْتَ وَ ذُكُورَ وُلْدِكَ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ
He said, ‘Adam-as did Sajdah and raised his-as head towards the sky and said: ‘O Lord-azwj! Increase me-as in beauty’. He-as woke up in the morning and there was a black beard for him-as like the lava flow. He-as struck his-as hand to it and said: ‘O Lord-azwj! What is this?’ He-azwj Said: ‘This is the beard. I-azwj had Adorned you-as with it, you-as and your-as male children up to the Day of Qiyamah.[18]
19- مع، معاني الأخبار أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ عَنِ ابْنِ زَكَرِيَّا الْقَطَّانِ عَنِ ابْنِ حَبِيبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُهْلُولٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى خَلَقَ الْأَرْوَاحَ قَبْلَ الْأَجْسَادِ بِأَلْفَيْ عَامٍ فَجَعَلَ أَعْلَاهَا وَ أَشْرَفَهَا أَرْوَاحَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ فَاطِمَةَ وَ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ- وَ الْأَئِمَّةِ بَعْدَهُمْ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ
‘Ma’any Al Akhbaar’ – Ahmad Bin Al Haysam, from Ibn Zakariya Al Qatan, from Ibn Habeeb, from Ibn Bahloul, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from al Mufazzal who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Created the souls before the bodies by two thousand years, and He-azwj Made the highest and noblest of these to be the souls of Muhammad-saww, and Ali-asws, and (Syeda) Fatima-asws, and Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws and the Imams-asws from after them-asws, may the Salawaat of Allah-azwj be upon them-asws’.
فَعَرَضَهَا عَلَى السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ الْجِبَالِ فَغَشِيَهَا نُورُهُمْ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى لِلسَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ الْجِبَالِ هَؤُلَاءِ أَحِبَّائِي وَ أَوْلِيَائِي وَ حُجَجِي عَلَى خَلْقِي وَ أَئِمَّةُ بَرِيَّتِي
Then He-azwj Presented them-asws unto the skies and the earth and the mountains, and these were overwhelmed by their-asws radiances. Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Said to the skies and the earth and the mountains: “They-asws are My-azwj Beloved ones-asws, and My-azwj Divine Authorities upon My-azwj creatures and the Imams-asws of My-azwj Created beings.
مَا خَلَقْتُ خَلْقاً هُوَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْهُمْ لَهُمْ وَ لِمَنْ تَوَلَّاهُمْ خَلَقْتُ جَنَّتِي وَ لِمَنْ خَالَفَهُمْ وَ عَادَاهُمْ خَلَقْتُ نَارِي فَمَنِ ادَّعَى مَنْزِلَتَهُمْ مِنِّي وَ مَحَلَّهُمْ مِنْ عَظَمَتِي عَذَّبْتُهُ عَذَاباً لَا أُعَذِّبُهُ أَحَداً مِنَ الْعَالَمِينَ وَ جَعَلْتُهُ وَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فِي أَسْفَلِ دَرْكٍ مِنْ نَارِي
I-azwj have not Created any creature who is more Beloved to Me-azwj than them-asws. I-azwj Created My-azwj Paradise for them-asws and for the ones who love them-asws; and I-azwj Created My-azwj Fire for the ones who oppose them-asws and are inimical to them-asws. The one who claims their-asws status from Me-azwj and their-asws place from My-azwj Magnificence, I-azwj shall Punish him with such a Punishment, I-azwj have not Punished anyone from the worlds, and will Make him and the Polytheists to be in the lowest level of My-azwj Fire.
وَ مَنْ أَقَرَّ بِوَلَايَتِهِمْ وَ لَمْ يَدَّعِ مَنْزِلَتَهُمْ مِنِّي وَ مَكَانَهُمْ مِنْ عَظَمَتِي جَعَلْتُهُ مَعَهُمْ فِي رَوْضَاتِ جَنَّاتِي وَ كَانَ لَهُمْ فِيهَا مَا يَشَاءُونَ عِنْدِي وَ أَبَحْتُهُمْ كَرَامَتِي وَ أَحْلَلْتُهُمْ جِوَارِي وَ شَفَّعْتُهُمْ فِي الْمُذْنِبِينَ مِنْ عِبَادِي وَ إِمَائِي فَوَلَايَتُهُمْ أَمَانَةٌ عِنْدَ خَلْقِي فَأَيُّكُمْ يَحْمِلُهَا بِأَثْقَالِهَا وَ يَدَّعِيهَا لِنَفْسِهِ دُونَ خَيْرَاتِي
And the one who accepts their-asws Wilayah and does not claim their-asws status from Me-azwj and their-asws place from My-azwj Magnificence, I-azwj shall Make him to be with them-asws in the Gardens of My-azwj Paradise, and for them would be in it whatever they so desire with Me-azwj, and I-azwj shall Gift them My-azwj Prestige, and Legalise for them My-azwj vicinity, and their intercession regarding the sinners from My-azwj servants and My-azwj maids, for their-asws Wilayah is a security with My-azwj creatures. Which ones of you will bear it with its weight and claim it for himself besides My-azwj Elites?”
فَأَبَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَ الْأَرْضُ وَ الْجِبَالُ أَنْ يَحْمِلْنَهَا وَ أَشْفَقْنَ مِنِ ادِّعَاءِ مَنْزِلَتِهَا وَ تَمَنِّي مَحَلِّهَا مِنْ عَظَمَةِ رَبِّهَا فَلَمَّا أَسْكَنَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ آدَمَ وَ زَوْجَتَهُ الْجَنَّةَ قَالَ لَهُمَا- كُلا مِنْها رَغَداً حَيْثُ شِئْتُما وَ لا تَقْرَبا هذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ يَعْنِي شَجَرَةَ الْحِنْطَةِ- فَتَكُونا مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ
But the skies and the earth and the mountains refused to bear it, and feared from claiming their-asws status and covet their-asws places from the Magnificence of their-asws Lord-azwj. When Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Settled Adam-as and his-as wife-as in the Paradise, Said to them-as: “and eat from it a plenteous (food) wherever you two wish to and do not approach this tree – meaning the tree of wheat – for then you will become of the unjust [2:35].
فَنَظَرَ إِلَى مَنْزِلَةِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ فَاطِمَةَ وَ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ وَ الْأَئِمَّةِ بَعْدَهُمْ فَوَجَدَاهَا أَشْرَفَ مَنَازِلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ فَقَالا يَا رَبَّنَا لِمَنْ هَذِهِ الْمَنْزِلَةُ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ ارْفَعَا رُءُوسَكُمَا إِلَى سَاقِ عَرْشِي
But they-as looked at the status of Muhammad-saww, and Ali-asws, and (Syeda) Fatima-asws, and Al-Hassan-asws, and Al-Husayn-asws and the Imams-asws after them-asws, and they found these to be noblest of the ranks of the inhabitants of the Paradise, so they-as said: ‘O our-as Lord-azwj! For whom are these ranks?’ Allah-azwj, Majestic is His-azwj Majesty Said: “Raise your-as heads to the Base of My-azwj Throne!”
فَرَفَعَا رُءُوسَهُمَا فَوَجَدَا اسْمَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ فَاطِمَةَ وَ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ ع وَ الْأَئِمَّةِ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ مَكْتُوبَةً عَلَى سَاقِ الْعَرْشِ بِنُورٍ مِنْ نُورِ الْجَبَّارِ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ
They-as raised their-as heads and found the names of Muhammad-saww, and Ali-asws, and (Syeda) Fatima-asws, and Al-Hassan-asws, and Al-Husayn-asws and the Imams-asws Inscribed upon the Base of the Throne by Light from the Light of the Subduer, Majestic is His-azwj Majesty.
فَقَالا يَا رَبَّنَا مَا أَكْرَمَ أَهْلَ هَذِهِ الْمَنْزِلَةِ عَلَيْكَ وَ مَا أَحَبَّهُمْ إِلَيْكَ وَ مَا أَشْرَفَهُمْ لَدَيْكَ
They-as said: ‘O our-as Lord-azwj! How honourable are the people of these ranks to You-azwj! And how Beloved they-asws are to You-azwj! And how is their-asws nobility to You-azwj!’
فَقَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ لَوْلَاهُمْ مَا خَلَقْتُكُمَا هَؤُلَاءِ خَزَنَةُ عِلْمِي وَ أُمَنَائِي عَلَى سِرِّي إِيَّاكُمَا أَنْ تَنْظُرَا إِلَيْهِمْ بِعَيْنِ الْحَسَدِ وَ تَتَمَنَّيَا مَنْزِلَتَهُمْ عِنْدِي وَ مَحَلَّهُمْ مِنْ كَرَامَتِي فَتَدْخُلَا بِذَلِكَ فِي نَهْيِي وَ عِصْيَانِي فَتَكُونا مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ
Allah-azwj, Majestic is His-azwj Majesty Said: “Had it not been for them-asws, I-azwj would not have Created both of you-as. They-asws are the treasurers of My-azwj Knowledge, and My-azwj Trustees upon My-azwj Secrets. Beware of looking at them-asws with the eye of envy and coveting their-asws ranks in My-azwj Presence, and their-asws places from My-azwj Prestige, for due to that, you-as will enter into My-azwj Forbiddance and disobey Me-azwj, then you will become of the unjust [2:35].
قَالا رَبَّنَا وَ مَنِ الظَّالِمُونَ قَالَ الْمُدَّعُونَ لِمَنْزِلَتِهِمْ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ قَالا رَبَّنَا فَأَرِنَا مَنَازِلَ ظَالِمِيهِمْ فِي نَارِكَ حَتَّى نَرَاهَا كَمَا رَأَيْنَا مَنْزِلَتَهُمْ فِي جَنَّتِكَ
They-as said: ‘Our-as Lord-azwj! And who are the unjust?’ He-azwj Said: “The claimants of their-asws ranks without right”. They-as said: ‘Our-as Lord-azwj! Show us-as the status of ones unjust to them-asws in Your-azwj Fire until we-as see it just as we-as see their-as status in Your-azwj Paradise’.
فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى النَّارَ فَأَبْرَزَتْ جَمِيعَ مَا فِيهَا مِنْ أَلْوَانِ النَّكَالِ وَ الْعَذَابِ وَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَكَانُ الظَّالِمِينَ لَهُمُ الْمُدَّعِينَ لِمَنْزِلَتِهِمْ فِي أَسْفَلِ دَرْكٍ مِنْهَا- كُلَّما أَرادُوا أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا مِنْها أُعِيدُوا فِيها وَ كُلَّمَا نَضِجَتْ جُلُودُهُمْ بَدَّلُوا سِوَاهَا لِيَذُوقُوا الْعَذابَ يَا آدَمُ وَ يَا حَوَّاءُ لَا تَنْظُرَا إِلَى أَنْوَارِي وَ حُجَجِي بِعَيْنِ الْحَسَدِ فَأُهْبِطَكُمَا عَنْ جِوَارِي وَ أُحِلَّ بِكُمَا هَوَانِي-
Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Commanded the Fire and it cooled down the entirety of what is therein from the varieties of the exemplary Punishments, and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: “A place of the ones unjust to them-asws, the claimants of their-asws ranks are in the lowest level from it. Every time they intend to come out from it, I-azwj shall Return them in it, and every time their skins burn off, I-azwj shall Replace these anew for them to be tasting the Punishment. O Adam-as and O Hawwa-as! Do not look at My-azwj Lights and My-azwj Divine Authorities with the eye of envy, for I-azwj will Descend you-as both from My-azwj vicinity and My-azwj Humiliation will be Released with you-as”.
فَوَسْوَسَ لَهُمَا الشَّيْطانُ لِيُبْدِيَ لَهُما ما وُورِيَ عَنْهُما مِنْ سَوْآتِهِما وَ قالَ ما نَهاكُما رَبُّكُما عَنْ هذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونا مَلَكَيْنِ أَوْ تَكُونا مِنَ الْخالِدِينَ وَ قاسَمَهُما إِنِّي لَكُما لَمِنَ النَّاصِحِينَ فَدَلَّاهُما بِغُرُورٍ وَ حَمَلَهُمَا عَلَى تَمَنِّي مَنْزِلَتِهِمْ فَنَظَرَا إِلَيْهِمْ بِعَيْنِ الْحَسَدِ
But the Satan suggested to them to manifest to them what was hidden from them from their evil, and said, ‘Your Lord did not Forbid you from this tree except that you would become two Angels or you would become from eternally living ones’ [7:20] And he swore to them both, ‘I am from the advisers to you’ [7:21] Thus, he indicated to them with deceit [7:22], and carried them-as upon coveting their-asws ranks, and they-as looked at them-asws with the eye of envy.
فَخُذِلَا حَتَّى أَكَلَا مِنْ شَجَرَةِ الْحِنْطَةِ فَعَادَ مَكَانَ مَا أَكَلَا شَعِيراً فَأَصْلُ الْحِنْطَةِ كُلِّهَا مِمَّا لَمْ يَأْكُلَاهُ وَ أَصْلُ الشَّعِيرِ كُلِّهِ مِمَّا عَادَ مَكَانَ مَا أَكَلَاهُ
They-as were Forsaken until they-as ate from the tree of wheat, and barley returned in place of that they-as had eaten. Thus, the origin of the wheat, all of it is from what they-as did not eat, and the origin of the barley, all of it is from what returned to be in place of what they-as had eaten.
فَلَمَّا أَكَلَا مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ طَارَ الْحُلِيُّ وَ الْحُلَلُ عَنْ أَجْسَادِهِمَا وَ بَقِيَا عُرْيَانَيْنِ- وَ طَفِقا يَخْصِفانِ عَلَيْهِما مِنْ وَرَقِ الْجَنَّةِ وَ ناداهُما رَبُّهُما أَ لَمْ أَنْهَكُما عَنْ تِلْكُمَا الشَّجَرَةِ وَ أَقُلْ لَكُما إِنَّ الشَّيْطانَ لَكُما عَدُوٌّ مُبِينٌ فَ قالا رَبَّنا ظَلَمْنا أَنْفُسَنا وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَغْفِرْ لَنا وَ تَرْحَمْنا لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْخاسِرِينَ
When they-as had eaten from the tree, the ornaments and the garments flew away from their-as bodies and they-as remained uncovered, and they both began to cover upon themselves from the leaves of the Garden, and their Lord Called out to them: “Did I not Forbid you two from that tree and Said to you that the Satan is your open enemy?” [7:22]. They said: ‘Our Lord! We wronged ourselves, and if You do not Forgive us and have Mercy on us, we would become from the losers’ [7:23].
قَالَ اهْبِطَا مِنْ جِوَارِي فَلَا يُجَاوِرُنِي فِي جَنَّتِي مَنْ يَعْصِينِي فَهَبَطَا مَوْكُولَيْنِ إِلَى أَنْفُسِهِمَا فِي طَلَبِ الْمَعَاشِ فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِمَا جَاءَهُمَا جَبْرَئِيلُ- فَقَالَ لَهُمَا إِنَّكُمَا إِنَّمَا ظَلَمْتُمَا أَنْفُسَكُمَا بِتَمَنِّي مَنْزِلَةِ مَنْ فُضِّلَ عَلَيْكُمَا فَجَزَاؤُكُمَا مَا قَدْ عُوقِبْتُمَا بِهِ مِنَ الْهُبُوطِ مِنْ جِوَارِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَى أَرْضِهِ فَسَلَا رَبَّكُمَا بِحَقِّ الْأَسْمَاءِ الَّتِي رَأَيْتُمُوهَا عَلَى سَاقِ الْعَرْشِ حَتَّى يَتُوبَ عَلَيْكُمَا
He-azwj Said: Get down from My-azwj Vicinity. No one will be in My-azwj Vicinity in My-azwj Paradise, one who disobeys Me-azwj!” They-as were both descended having been allocated to themselves-as in seeking the livelihood. When Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Wanted to Turn to them-as, Jibraeel-as came to them-as and said to them-as: ‘But rather you-as have both been unjust to yourselves by coveting the ranks of the ones Merited over you-as, therefore your-as Recompense is what you-as have been Punished with from the descent from the Vicinity of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic to his-azwj earth. (Now) ask your-as Lord-azwj for the sake of the names which you-as saw upon the Base of the Throne until He-azwj Turns to you-as both’.
فَقَالا اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَسْأَلُكَ بِحَقِّ الْأَكْرَمِينَ عَلَيْكَ- مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ فَاطِمَةَ وَ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ وَ الْأَئِمَّةِ إِلَّا تُبْتَ عَلَيْنَا وَ رَحِمْتَنَا فَتَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمَا إِنَّهُ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ
They-as said: ‘O Allah-azwj! We-as ask You-azwj for the sake of the ones Honourable to You-azwj – Muhammad-saww, and Ali-asws, and (Syeda) Fatima-asws, and Al-Hassan-asws, and Al-Husayn-asws, and the Imams-asws, please Turn to us-as and have Mercy on us-as’. Allah-azwj Turned to them-as, He-azwj is the Oft-Turning, the Merciful.
فَلَمْ تَزَلْ أَنْبِيَاءُ اللَّهِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ يَحْفَظُونَ هَذِهِ الْأَمَانَةَ وَ يُخْبِرُونَ بِهَا أَوْصِيَاءَهُمْ وَ الْمُخْلَصِينَ مِنْ أُمَمِهِمْ فَيَأْبَوْنَ حَمْلَهَا وَ يُشْفِقُونَ مِنِ ادِّعَائِهَا وَ حَمَلَهَا الْإِنْسَانُ الَّذِي قَدْ عُرِفَ فَأَصْلُ كُلِّ ظُلْمٍ مِنْهُ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- إِنَّا عَرَضْنَا الْأَمانَةَ عَلَى السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ الْجِبالِ فَأَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَحْمِلْنَها وَ أَشْفَقْنَ مِنْها وَ حَمَلَهَا الْإِنْسانُ إِنَّهُ كانَ ظَلُوماً جَهُولًا
Thus, the Prophets-as of Allah-azwj after that did not cease to preserve this entrustment and informing their-as successors-as and the sincere ones from their-as communities. They (all) refused to bear it and were fearing from claiming it, and the human being bore it what he had recognised. Therefore, the origin of every injustice up to the Day of Qiyamah is from it, and that is the Word of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Surely, We Presented the Entrustment to the skies, and the earth, and the mountains, but they refused to bear it and feared from it, and the human being bore it; he was unjust, ignorant [33:72].[19]
20- شف، كشف اليقين مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْكَاتِبُ الْأَصْفَهَانِيُّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْقَاضِي عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنْ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ الْجُرْجَانِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الدِّهْقَانِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِسْرَائِيلَ عَنْ حَجَّاجٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى آدَمَ وَ نَفَخَ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِهِ عَطَسَ فَأَلْهَمَهُ اللَّهُ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَبُّهُ يَرْحَمُكَ رَبُّكَ فَلَمَّا أَسْجَدَ لَهُ الْمَلَائِكَةَ تَدَاخَلَهُ الْعُجْبُ فَقَالَ يَا رَبِّ خَلَقْتَ خَلْقاً أَحَبَّ إِلَيْكَ مِنِّي فَلَمْ يُجِبْ ثُمَّ قَالَ الثَّانِيَةَ فَلَمْ يُجِبْ ثُمَّ قَالَ الثَّالِثَةَ فَلَمْ يُجِبْ ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهُ نَعَمْ وَ لَوْلَاهُمْ مَا خَلَقْتُكَ فَقَالَ يَا رَبِّ فَأَرِنِيهِمْ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَى مَلَائِكَةِ الْحُجُبِ أَنِ ارْفَعُوا الْحُجُبَ فَلَمَّا رُفِعَتْ إِذاً آدَمُ بِخَمْسَةِ أَشْبَاحٍ قُدَّامَ الْعَرْشِ فَقَالَ يَا رَبِّ مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ قَالَ يَا آدَمُ هَذَا مُحَمَّدٌ نَبِيِّي وَ هَذَا عَلِيٌّ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ابْنُ عَمِّ نَبِيِّي وَ وَصِيُّهُ وَ هَذِهِ فَاطِمَةُ ابْنَةُ نَبِيِّي وَ هَذَانِ الْحَسَنُ وَ الْحُسَيْنُ ابْنَا عَلِيٍّ وَ وَلَدَا نَبِيِّي ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا آدَمُ هُمْ وُلْدُكَ فَفَرِحَ بِذَلِكَ فَلَمَّا اقْتَرَفَ الْخَطِيئَةَ قَالَ يَا رَبِّ أَسْأَلُكَ بِحَقِّ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ فَاطِمَةَ وَ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ لَمَّا غَفَرْتَ لِي فَغَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ بِهَذَا فَهَذَا الَّذِي قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- فَتَلَقَّى آدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ كَلِماتٍ فَتابَ عَلَيْهِ فَلَمَّا هَبَطَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ صَاغَ خَاتَماً فَنَقَشَ عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَ عَلِيٌّ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ يُكَنَّى آدَمُ بِأَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ
(P.S. – This is not a Hadeeth)[20]
21- مع، معاني الأخبار مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ عَنْ عَمِّهِ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنِ الْبَزَنْطِيِّ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنِ ابْنِ سَيَابَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: لَقَدْ طَافَ آدَمُ ع بِالْبَيْتِ مِائَةَ عَامٍ مَا يَنْظُرُ إِلَى حَوَّاءَ وَ لَقَدْ بَكَى عَلَى الْجَنَّةِ حَتَّى صَارَ عَلَى خَدَّيْهِ مِثْلُ النَّهْرَيْنِ الْعَجَّاجَينِ الْعَظِيمَيْنِ مِنَ الدُّمُوعِ ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع فَقَالَ حَيَّاكَ اللَّهُ وَ بَيَّاكَ
‘Ma’any Al Akhbar’ – Majaylawiyah, from his uncle, from Al Barqy, from Al Bazanty, from Aban, from Ibn Sayabah,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Adam-as had done Tawaaf with the House for one hundred years not looking at Hawwa-as, and he-as had cried upon the Paradise until there came to be upon his-as cheeks like the two torrential great rivers from the tears. Then Jibraeel-as came to him-as and said: ‘May Allah-azwj Revive you-as and Refresh you-as’.
فَلَمَّا أَنْ قَالَ لَهُ حَيَّاكَ اللَّهُ تَبَلَّجَ وَجْهُهُ فَرَحاً وَ عَلِمَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ رَضِيَ عَنْهُ قَالَ وَ بَيَّاكَ فَضَحِكَ وَ بَيَّاكَ أَضْحَكَكَ
When he-as said to him-as: ‘May Allah-azwj Revive you-as’, happiness reached his-as face, and he-as knew that Allah-azwj has been Pleased from him-as. (When) he-as said: ‘May Allah-azwj Refresh you-as’, he-as smiled. And ‘Refresh you’ (means), ‘Make you smile’.
قَالَ وَ لَقَدْ قَامَ عَلَى بَابِ الْكَعْبَةِ ثِيَابُهُ جُلُودُ الْإِبِلِ وَ الْبَقَرِ فَقَالَ اللَّهُمَّ أَقِلْنِي عَثْرَتِي وَ اغْفِرْ لِي ذَنْبِي وَ أَعِدْنِي إِلَى الدَّارِ الَّتِي أَخْرَجْتَنِي مِنْهَا فَقَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَدْ أَقَلْتُكَ عَثْرَتَكَ وَ غَفَرْتُ لَكَ ذَنْبَكَ وَ سَأُعِيدُكَ إِلَى الدَّارِ الَّتِي أَخْرَجْتُكَ مِنْهَا
He-asws said: ‘And he-as had stood at the door of the Kabah, his-as clothes being of the skin of the camel and the cow, and he-as said: ‘O Allah-azwj! Uproot my-as fault and Forgive my-as sin for me-as, and Return me-as to the house which You-azwj had Expelled me-as from it’. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: “I-azwj have Uprooted your-as fault and Forgiven your-as sin for you-as, and I-azwj will be Returning you-as to the house which I-azwj had Expelled you-as from it.[21]
22- مع، معاني الأخبار ل، الخصال حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ قَالَ قَرَأْتُ عَلَى أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ قُلْتُ حَدَّثَكُمْ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ خَلَفٍ الْعَطَّارُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْأَشْقَرِ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي الْمِقْدَامِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ النَّبِيَّ ص عَنِ الْكَلِمَاتِ الَّتِي تَلَقَّى آدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ سَأَلَهُ بِحَقِّ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ فَاطِمَةَ وَ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ إِلَّا تُبْتَ عَلَيَّ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ
‘Ma’any Al Akhbaar’ – It was narrated to us by Aby Al Hassan Ali Bin Fazal Bin Al Abbas Al Baghdad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad bin Muhammad Bin Suleyman Bin Al Haris, from Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Khalaf Al Ataar, from Al-Husayn Bin Al Ashqar, from Amro Bin Abu Al Mqadam, from his father, from Saeed Bin Jubeyr, from Ibn Abbas who said,
‘I asked the Prophet-saww about the phrases which were cast unto Adam-as from his-as Lord-azwj, so He-azwj Turned to him-as. He-saww said: ‘He-as asked Him-azwj for the sake of Muhammad-saww, and Ali-asws, and (Syeda) Fatima-asws, and Al-Hassan-asws, and Al-Husayn-asws that He-azwj should Turn to him-as. He-azwj Turned to him-as.[22]
23- مع، معاني الأخبار ابْنُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَدَائِنِيِّ يَرْفَعُهُ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- فَتَلَقَّى آدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ كَلِماتٍ قَالَ سَأَلَهُ بِحَقِّ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ فَاطِمَةَ وَ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ ع
‘Ma’any Al Akhbaar’ – Ibn Al Mutawakkil, from Muhammad Al Attar, from Al Ash’ary, from Ibn Marouf, from Bakr Bin Muhammad, from Abu Saeed Al Madainy, raising it,
‘Regarding Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Then Adam received (certain) Words from his Lord [2:37], he-asws said: ‘He-as had requested Him by the right of Muhammad-saww, and Ali-asws, and Fatima-asws, and Al Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws’.[23]
24- مع، معاني الأخبار الدَّقَّاقُ عَنْ حَمْزَةَ الْعَلَوِيِّ عَنِ الْفَزَارِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الزَّيَّاتِ عَنِ الْأَزْدِيِّ عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ إِذِ ابْتَلى إِبْراهِيمَ رَبُّهُ بِكَلِماتٍ مَا هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَاتُ
‘Ma’any Al Akhbaar’ – Al Daqaq, from Hamza Al Alawy, from Al Fazary, from Muhammad Bin Al-Husayn Al Ziyat, from Al Azdy, from Al Mufazzal,
‘From Al-Sadiq Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I asked him-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: And when his Lord Tested Ibrahim with certain words [2:124], what are these words?’
قَالَ هِيَ الْكَلِمَاتُ الَّتِي تَلَقَّاهَا آدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ وَ هُوَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ يَا رَبِّ أَسْأَلُكَ بِحَقِّ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ فَاطِمَةَ وَ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ إِلَّا تُبْتَ عَلَيَّ فَتَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّهُ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ
He-asws said: ‘These are the (same) words which Adam-as received from his-as Lord-azwj, so He-azwj Turned (Mercifully) to him-as, and it is that he-as said: ‘O Lord-azwj! I-as ask You-azwj by the right of Muhammad-saww, and Ali-asws, and (Syeda) Fatima-asws, and Al-Hassan-asws, and Al-Husayn-asws, until You-azwj Turn towards me-as’. Therefore, Allah-azwj Turned to him-as (Mercifully) for He-azwj is the Oft-Turning, the Merciful’.
فَقُلْتُ لَهُ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ فَمَا يَعْنِي عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِقَوْلِهِ فَأَتَمَّهُنَ قَالَ يَعْنِي أَتَمَّهُنَّ إِلَى الْقَائِمِ ع اثْنَا عَشَرَ إِمَاماً تِسْعَةٌ مِنْ وُلْدِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع الْخَبَرَ
I said to him-asws, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! What does the Mighty and Majestic Mean by His-azwj Words so He Completed these?’ He-asws said: ‘It Means –He-azwj Completed these up to Al-Qaim-ajfj, twelve Imams-asws, nine from the sons-asws of Al-Husayn-asws’ – the Hadeeth’.[24]
25- فس، تفسير القمي أَبِي عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ آدَمَ ع بَقِيَ عَلَى الصَّفَا أَرْبَعِينَ صَبَاحاً سَاجِداً يَبْكِي عَلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَ عَلَى خُرُوجِهِ مِنْ جِوَارِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَنَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع
‘Tafseer Al-Qummi’ – My father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Aban Bin Usman,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Adam-as remained upon Al-Safa for forty mornings in Safa crying upon the Paradise, and upon his-as expulsion from the Vicinity of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic. Then, Jibraeel-as descended unto him-as and said: ‘O Adam-as! What makes you-as cry?’ He-as said: ‘O Jibraeel-as! Why should I-as not cry and Allah-azwj has Expelled me-as from His-azwj Vicinity and Sent me-as down to the world?’
فَقَالَ يَا آدَمُ مَا لَكَ تَبْكِي قَالَ يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ مَا لِي لَا أَبْكِي وَ قَدْ أَخْرَجَنِيَ اللَّهُ مِنْ جِوَارِهِ وَ أَهْبَطَنِي إِلَى الدُّنْيَا قَالَ يَا آدَمُ تُبْ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ وَ كَيْفَ أَتُوبُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ قُبَّةً مِنْ نُورٍ فِي مَوْضِعِ الْبَيْتِ- فَسَطَعَ نُورُهَا فِي جِبَالِ مَكَّةَ فَهُوَ الْحَرَمُ فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ جَبْرَئِيلَ أَنْ يَضَعَ عَلَيْهِ الْأَعْلَامَ
He-as said: ‘O Adam-as! Repent to Him-azwj’. He-as said: ‘And how do I-as repent?’ Allah-azwj Sent down unto him-as a dome of light in the place of the House, and its light spread among the mountains of Makkah, and so it is the Sanctuary (Hurrum). Allah-azwj Commanded Jibraeel-as to place markings upon it.
قَالَ قُمْ يَا آدَمُ فَخَرَجَ بِهِ يَوْمَ التَّرْوِيَةِ وَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَغْتَسِلَ وَ يُحْرِمَ وَ أُخْرِجَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ أَوَّلَ يَوْمٍ مِنْ ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ الثَّامِنِ مِنْ ذِي الْحَجَّةِ أَخْرَجَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع إِلَى مِنًى فَبَاتَ بِهَا فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ أَخْرَجَهُ إِلَى عَرَفَاتٍ وَ قَدْ كَانَ عَلَّمَهُ حِينَ أَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ مَكَّةَ الْإِحْرَامَ وَ أَمَرَهُ بِالتَّلْبِيَةِ
He-as said: ‘Arise, O Adam-as!’ And he-as went out with him-as on the day of Al Tarwiyyah, and instructed him-as to wash and wear Ihraam and he-as had come out form the Paradise on the first day of Zil-Qaadah. When it was the second day from Zil-Hajj, Jibraeel-as took him-as out to Mina and spent the night at it. When it was morning, he-as took him-as out to Arafat, and he-as had taught him-as when he-as had taken him-as out from Makkah, the Ihraam, and instructed him-as with (exclaiming) the Talbiyyah.
فَلَمَّا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ يَوْمَ الْعَرَفَةِ قَطَعَ التَّلْبِيَةَ وَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَغْتَسِلَ فَلَمَّا صَلَّى الْعَصْرَ وَقَفَهُ بِعَرَفَاتٍ وَ عَلَّمَهُ الْكَلِمَاتِ الَّتِي تَلَقَّى بِهَا رَبَّهُ وَ هُوَ
When the sun (started to) set on the day of Arafat, He-azwj cut off the Talbiyyah and instructed him-as to wash. When he-as had prayed Al-Asr (Salat), he-as paused him-as at Arafat and taught him-as the words which his-as Lord-azwj had Cast with, and these are: –
سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَ بِحَمْدِكَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ عَمِلْتُ سُوءاً وَ ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي وَ اعْتَرَفْتُ بِذَنْبِي فَاغْفِرْ لِي إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَ بِحَمْدِكَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ عَمِلْتُ سُوءاً وَ ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي وَ اعْتَرَفْتُ بِذَنْبِي فَاغْفِرْ لِي إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ خَيْرُ الْغَافِرِينَ سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَ بِحَمْدِكَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ عَمِلْتُ سُوءاً وَ ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي وَ اعْتَرَفْتُ بِذَنْبِي فَاغْفِرْ لِي إِنَّكَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ-
“Glory be to You-azwj! O Allah-azwj, and with Your-azwj Praise, there is no god except Allah-azwj except You-azwj. I have done evil and been unjust to myself and I-as hereby acknowledge my-as sin, therefore Forgive me-as, You-azwj are the Forgiver, the Merciful. Glory be to You-azwj. O Allah-azwj, and with Your-azwj Praise, there is no god except You-azwj. I-as done evil and I-as hereby acknowledge my-as sin, therefore Forgive me-as, You-azwj are the best of the Forgivers. Glory be to You-azwj! O Allah-azwj, and with Your-azwj Praise, there is no god except You-azwj. I-as have done evil and been unjust to myself-as, and I-as hereby acknowledge my-as sin, therefore Forgive me-as, surely You-azwj are the Oft-Turning, the Merciful.
فَبَقِيَ إِلَى أَنْ غَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ رَافِعاً يَدَيْهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ يَتَضَرَّعُ وَ يَبْكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ فَلَمَّا غَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ رَدَّهُ إِلَى الْمَشْعَرِ فَبَاتَ بِهَا فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ قَامَ عَلَى الْمَشْعَرِ الْحَرَامِ فَدَعَا اللَّهَ تَعَالَى بِكَلِمَاتٍ وَ تَابَ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ أَفْضَى إِلَى مِنًى وَ أَمَرَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع أَنْ يَحْلِقَ الشَّعْرَ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ فَحَلَقَهُ
He-as remained up to the setting of the sun raising his-as hands towards the sky beseeching and crying to Allah-azwj. When the sun set, he-as returned him-as to the Monuments and spent the night at it. When it was morning, he-as stood upon the Sacred Monuments and supplicated to Allah-azwj Exalted with the words and repented to Him-azwj. Then he-as departed to Mina, and Jibraeel-as instructed him-as to shave the hair which were upon him-asws (his-as head). He-as shaved, then he-as returned him-as to Makkah.
ثُمَّ رَدَّهُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَأَتَى بِهِ عِنْدَ الْجَمْرَةِ الْأُولَى فَعَرَضَ إِبْلِيسُ لَهُ عِنْدَهَا فَقَالَ يَا آدَمُ أَيْنَ تُرِيدُ فَأَمَرَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ أَنْ يَرْمِيَهُ بِسَبْعِ حَصَيَاتٍ وَ أَنْ يُكَبِّرَ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصَاةٍ تَكْبِيرَةً
He-as came with him-as to the first rock and Iblees-la presented to him-as at it and said, ‘O Adam-as! Where are you-as intending (to go)?’ Jibraeel-as instructed him-as to pelt him-la with seven pebbles, and that he-as should exclaim Takbeer with each pebble, one Takbeer. He-as did so.
فَفَعَلَ ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ فَعَرَضَ لَهُ إِبْلِيسُ عِنْدَ الْجَمْرَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَرْمِيَهُ بِسَبْعِ حَصَيَاتٍ فَرَمَى وَ كَبَّرَ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصَاةٍ تَكْبِيرَةً ثُمَّ مَضَى بِهِ فَعَرَضَ لَهُ
Then he-as went on, and Iblees-la presented to him-as at the second rock, and he-as instructed him-as to pelt him-la with seven pebbles. He-as pelted and exclaimed Takbeers, with each pebble one Takbeer. Then he-as went on and Iblees-la presented to him-as at the third rock, and he-as instructed him-as to pelt him-la with seven pebbles. He-as pelted and exclaimed Takbeers, with each pebble one Takbeer. Iblees-la went away.
إِبْلِيسُ عِنْدَ الْجَمْرَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ وَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَرْمِيَهُ بِسَبْعِ حَصَيَاتٍ فَرَمَى وَ كَبَّرَ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصَاةٍ تَكْبِيرَةً فَذَهَبَ إِبْلِيسُ وَ قَالَ لَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَرَاهُ بَعْدَ هَذَا أَبَداً فَانْطَلَقَ بِهِ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ الْحَرَامِ وَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَطُوفَ بِهِ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ فَفَعَلَ فَقَالَ لَهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ قَبِلَ تَوْبَتَكَ وَ حَلَّتْ لَكَ زَوْجَتُكَ
And Jibraeel-as said to him-as: ‘You-as will never see him-la after this, ever!’ Then he-as went with him-as to the Sacred House and instructed him-as to perform Tawaaf with it seven times. He-as did so. Then, he-as said to him-as: ‘Allah-azwj has Accepted your-as repentance and Legalised your-as wife for you-as’.
فَقَالَ فَلَمَّا قَضَى آدَمُ حَجَّهُ لَقِيَتْهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ بِالْأَبْطَحِ فَقَالُوا يَا آدَمُ بُرَّ حَجُّكَ أَمَا إِنَّا قَدْ حَجَجْنَا قَبْلَكَ هَذَا الْبَيْتَ بِأَلْفَيْ عَامٍ
He-asws said: ‘When Adam-as fulfilled his-as Hajj, the Angels met him-as at Al-Abtah and they said, ‘O Adam-as! Your-as Hajj is righteous, but we had performed Hajj of this House before you-as by two thousand years.[25]
26- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام الصَّدُوقُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامٍ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى فَبَدَتْ لَهُما سَوْآتُهُما كَانَتْ سَوْآتُهُمَا لَا تُرَى فَصَارَتْ تُرَى بَارِزَةً
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-asws’ – Al Sadouq, from his father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Yazeed, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws having said regarding the Words of the Exalted: and their evil inclinations appeared to them [7:22]: ‘Their-as evil inclinations could not be seen, and they became seen prominently’.
وَ قَالَ الشَّجَرَةُ الَّتِي نُهِيَ عَنْهَا آدَمُ هِيَ السُّنْبُلَةُ
And he-asws said: ‘The tree which Adam-as had been Forbidden from, it is the wheat.[26]
27- وَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْهُ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّ الشَّجَرَةَ الَّتِي نُهِيَ عَنْهَا آدَمُ هِيَ شَجَرَةُ الْعِنَبِ
And in another report from him-asws having said: ‘The tree which Adam-as had been Forbidden from, it is the tree of grapes.[27]
28- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ إِلَى الصَّدُوقِ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْبَاقِرِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ آدَمَ لَمَّا بَنَى الْكَعْبَةَ وَ طَافَ بِهَا فَقَالَ اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ لِكُلِّ عَامِلٍ أَجْراً اللَّهُمَّ وَ إِنِّي قَدْ عَمِلْتُ- فَقِيلَ لَهُ سَلْ يَا آدَمُ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-asws’ – By the chain to Al Sadouq, from Ibn Mutawakkal, from Al Humeyri, from Ibn Isa, from Ibn Mahboub, from Al A’ala, from Muhammad,
‘From Al-Baqir-asws having said: ‘When Adam-as built the Kabah and did Tawaaf of it, he-as said: ‘O Allah-azwj! For every worker there is a recompense. O Allah-azwj I-as have worked’. He-azwj Said to him-as: “Ask, O Adam-as!”
فَقَالَ اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي ذَنْبِي- فَقِيلَ لَهُ قَدْ غُفِرَ لَكَ يَا آدَمُ فَقَالَ وَ لِذُرِّيَّتِي مِنْ بَعْدِي فَقِيلَ لَهُ يَا آدَمُ مَنْ بَاءَ مِنْهُمْ بِذَنْبِهِ هَاهُنَا كَمَا بُؤْتَ غَفَرْتُ لَهُ
He-as said: ‘O Allah-azwj! Forgive my-as sin for me-as’. He-azwj Said to him-as: “I-azwj have Forgiven it for you-as, O Adam-as!” He-as said: ‘And for my-as offspring from after me-as?’ He-azwj Said to him-as: “O Adam-as! One from them who acknowledges his-as sins over here just as you-as have acknowledged, I-azwj shall Forgive for him![28]
29- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الصَّدُوقِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّادِقِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ آدَمَ لَمَّا طَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ فَانْتَهَى إِلَى الْمُلْتَزَمِ فَقَالَ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع أَقِرَّ لِرَبِّكَ بِذُنُوبِكَ فِي هَذَا الْمَكَانِ فَوَقَفَ آدَمُ فَقَالَ يَا رَبِّ إِنَّ لِكُلِ عَامِلٍ أَجْراً وَ لَقَدْ عَمِلْتُ فَمَا أَجْرِي فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَيْهِ يَا آدَمُ مَنْ جَاءَ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِكَ إِلَى هَذَا الْمَكَانِ فَأَقَرَّ فِيهِ بِذُنُوبِهِ غَفَرْتُ لَهُ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-asws’ – By the chain from Al Sadouq, from Ali, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Jameel Ibn Salih,
‘From Abu Abdullah Al Sadiq-asws having said: ‘When Adam-as did Tawaaf of the House, he-as ended up to Al-Multazam (a corner of the Kabah). Jibraeel-as said to him-as: ‘Acknowledge to your-as Lord-azwj of your-as sins in this place’. Adam-as paused and said, ‘O Lord-azwj! For every worker there is a recompense, and I-as have worked, so what is my-as Recompense?’ Allah-azwj the Exalted Revealed unto him-as: “O Adam-as! One who your-as offspring who comes to this place and acknowledged his-as sins, I-azwj shall Forgive for him-as.[29]
30- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: لَمَّا أَفَاضَ آدَمُ مِنْ عَرَفَاتٍ تَلَقَّتْهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ع فَقَالُوا لَهُ بُرَّ حَجُّكَ يَا آدَمُ أَمَا إِنَّا قَدْ حَجَجْنَا هَذَا الْبَيْتَ قَبْلَكَ بِأَلْفَيْ عَامٍ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-asws’ – By this chain, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Muawiya Bin Amaar,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When Adam-as departed from Arafat, the Angels met him-as and said to him-as: ‘Your-as Hajj is righteous, O Adam-as! But, we have performed our Hajj of this House before you-as by two thousand years.[30]
31- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام إِنَّ آدَمَ ع لَمَّا كَثُرَ وُلْدُهُ وَ وُلْدُ وُلْدِهِ كَانُوا يَتَحَدَّثُونَ عِنْدَهُ وَ هُوَ سَاكِتٌ فَقَالُوا يَا أَبَهْ مَا لَكَ لَا تَتَكَلَّمُ فَقَالَ يَا بُنَيَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ لَمَّا أَخْرَجَنِي مِنْ جِوَارِهِ عَهِدَ إِلَيَّ وَ قَالَ أَقِلَّ كَلَامَكَ تَرْجِعْ إِلَى جِوَارِي
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-asws’ – When the children of Adam-as and the children of his-as children were numerous, they used to discuss in his-as presence and he-as was silent. They said, ‘O father-as! What is the matter you-as are not speaking?’ He-as said: ‘O my-as sons! Allah-azwj, Majestic is His-azwj Majesty Expelled me-as from His-azwj vicinity and Covenanted to me-as and Said: “Reduce your-as speech, you-as will return to My-azwj Vicinity.[31]
32- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الصَّدُوقِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ- عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحْرِزٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَ السَّلَامُ قَالَ: إِنَّ آدَمَ ع نَزَلَ بِالْهِنْدِ فَبَنَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لَهُ الْبَيْتَ وَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُ فَيَطُوفَ بِهِ أُسْبُوعاً فَيَأْتِيَ مِنًى وَ عَرَفَاتٍ وَ يَقْضِيَ مَنَاسِكَهُ كَمَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-asws’ – By the chain from Al Sadouq, by his chain, from Ibrahim Bin Maraz, from Abu Hamza,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Adam-as descended in India and Allah-azwj the Exalted Built a House for him-as and Commanded him-as to go to it, and do the Tawaaf of it seven circuits. He-as came to Mina and Arafat and fulfilled his-as rituals just as Allah-azwj had Commanded.
ثُمَّ خَطَا مِنَ الْهِنْدِ فَكَانَ مَوْضِعَ قَدَمَيْهِ حَيْثُ خَطَا عُمْرَانٌ وَ مَا بَيْنَ الْقَدَمِ وَ الْقَدَمِ صَحَارَى لَيْسَ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ ثُمَّ جَاءَ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ فَطَافَ بِهِ أُسْبُوعاً وَ قَضَى مَنَاسِكَهُ فَقَضَاهَا كَمَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ
Then he-as walked from India, and the place of his-as feet where he-as stepped were buildings, and what is between the footstep and the footstep were deserts, there not being anything in it. Then he-as came to the House and did the Tawaaf of it seven circuits, and fulfilled his-as rituals and accomplished these just as Allah-azwj had Commanded.
فَقَبِلَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ تَوْبَتَهُ وَ غَفَرَ لَهُ فَقَالَ آدَمُ ع يَا رَبِّ وَ لِذُرِّيَّتِي مِنْ بَعْدِي فَقَالَ نَعَمْ مَنْ آمَنَ بِي وَ بِرُسُلِي
Allah-azwj Accepted his-as repentance from him-as and Forgave him-as. Adam-as said: ‘O Lord-azwj! And for my-as offspring from after me-as?’ He-azwj Said: ‘Yes, one who believes in Me-azwj and in My-azwj Rasool-saww.[32]
33- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ إِلَى الصَّدُوقِ عَنْ هَانِي بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ بُطَّةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَارِثِ الْفِهْرِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَمَّا أَكَلَ آدَمُ مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَقَالَ أَسْأَلُكَ بِحَقِّ مُحَمَّدٍ إِلَّا رَحِمْتَنِي فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ وَ مَنْ مُحَمَّدٌ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-asws’ – By the chain going up to Al Sadouq, from Hany Bin Muhammad, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad bin Batah, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Wahab, from Abu Al Haris Al Fahry, from Abdullah Bin Ismail, from Abdul Rahman Bin Abu Zayd Bin Aslam, from his father, from his grandfather, from Umar Bin Al-Khattab who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘When Adam-as ate from the tree, raised his-as head towards the sky and said: ‘I-as ask You-azwj for the sake of Muhammad-saww, have Mercy on me-as’. So, Allah-azwj Revealed unto him-as: “And who is Muhammad-saww?”
فَقَالَ تَبَارَكَ اسْمُكَ لَمَّا خَلَقْتَنِي رَفَعْتُ رَأْسِي إِلَى عَرْشِكَ فَإِذَا فِيهِ مَكْتُوبٌ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ فَعَلِمْتُ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ أَحَدٌ أَعْظَمَ عِنْدَكَ قَدْراً مِمَّنْ جَعَلْتَ اسْمَهُ مَعَ اسْمِكَ
He-as said: ‘Blessed is Your-azwj Name! When You-azwj Created me-as, I-as raised my-as head towards Your-azwj Throne and therein was Inscribed: “There is no god except Allah-azwj, Muhammad-saww is a Rasool-saww of Allah-azwj”, I-as knew that there isn’t anyone of greater worth in Your-azwj Presence than the one whose name You-azwj have made to be with Your-azwj Name’.
فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ يَا آدَمُ إِنَّهُ لَآخِرُ النَّبِيِّينَ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِكَ فَلَوْ لَا مُحَمَّدٌ مَا خَلَقْتُكَ
Allah-azwj Revealed unto him-as: “O Adam-as! He-saww is the last of the Prophets-as from your-as offspring, and had it not been for Muhammad-saww, I-azwj would not have Created you-as![33]
34- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الصَّدُوقِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْخَزَّازِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: قَالَ آدَمُ ع يَا رَبِّ بِحَقِّ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ فَاطِمَةَ وَ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ إِلَّا تُبْتَ عَلَيَّ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-asws’ – By the chain from Al Sadouq, from his father, from Sa’ad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Hassan Ibn Ali Al Khazaz, from Abdullah Bin Sinan,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Adam-as said: ‘O Lord-azwj! By the right of Muhammad-saww, and Ali-asws, and (Syeda) Fatima-asws, and Al-Hassan-asws, and Al-Husayn-asws, please Turn to me-as’.
فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَيْهِ يَا آدَمُ وَ مَا عِلْمُكَ بِمُحَمَّدٍ فَقَالَ حِينَ خَلَقْتَنِي رَفَعْتُ رَأْسِي فَرَأَيْتُ فِي الْعَرْشِ مَكْتُوباً مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ عَلِيٌّ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع
Allah-azwj the Exalted Revealed to him-as: “O Adam-as! And what is your-as knowledge of Muhammad-saww?” He-as said: ‘When You-azwj Created me-as, I-as raised my-as head and I-as saw Inscribed in the Throne: “Muhammad-saww is Rasool-saww of Allah-azwj, Ali-asws is Emir of the Momineen.[34]
35- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ إِلَى الصَّدُوقِ عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْبَزَنْطِيِّ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: الْكَلِمَاتُ الَّتِي تَلَقَّى بِهِنَّ آدَمُ رَبَّهُ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ سُبْحَانَكَ وَ بِحَمْدِكَ إِنِّي عَمِلْتُ سُوءاً وَ ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي فَاغْفِرْ لِي إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ سُبْحَانَكَ وَ بِحَمْدِكَ عَمِلْتُ سُوءاً وَ ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي فَاغْفِرْ لِي إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ خَيْرُ الْغافِرِينَ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-asws’ – By the chain going up to Al Sadouq, from Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Ibn Isa, from Al Bazanty, from Aban Bin Usman, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘The words which were Cast unto Adam-as by his-as Lord-azwj so He-azwj Turned to him-as, he-as said: ‘O Allah-azwj! There is no god except You-azwj, Glory be to You-azwj and with Your-azwj Praise. I-as have done evil and been unjust to myself-as, therefore Forgive me-as, You-azwj are the Oft-Turning, the Merciful. There is no god except You-azwj, Glory be to You-azwj, and with Your-azwj Praise. I-as have done evil and been unjust to myself-as, therefore Forgive me-as, surely You-azwj are the best of the Forgivers.[35]
36- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ عَطَاءٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ: إِنَّمَا كَانَ لَبِثَ آدَمُ وَ حَوَّاءُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ حَتَّى خَرَجَ مِنْهَا سَبْعَ سَاعَاتٍ مِنْ أَيَّامِ الدُّنْيَا حَتَّى أَكَلَا مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ فَأَهْبَطَهُمَا اللَّهُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ مِنْ يَوْمِهِمَا ذَلِكَ
‘Tafseer Al-Ayyashi’ – From Ata’a,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws, from Ali-asws, from Rasool-Allah-saww having said: ‘But rather, Adam-as and Hawwa-as had remained in the Paradise until they came out from it, was seven hours from the days of the world, until they-as ate from the tree. Allah-azwj Descended them-as to the earth from that day of theirs.
قَالَ فَحَاجَّ آدَمُ رَبَّهُ فَقَالَ يَا رَبِّ أَ رَأَيْتَكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَخْلُقَنِي كُنْتَ قَدَّرْتَ عَلَىَّ هَذَا الذَّنْبَ وَ كُلَّ مَا صِرْتُ وَ أَنَا صَائِرٌ إِلَيْهِ أَوْ هَذَا شَيْءٌ فَعَلْتُهُ أَنَا مِنْ قَبْلُ لَمْ تُقَدِّرْهُ عَلَيَّ غَلَبَتْ عَلَيَّ شِقْوَتِي فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ مِنِّي وَ فِعْلِي لَا مِنْكَ وَ لَا مِنْ فِعْلِكَ
He-asws said: ‘Adam-as argued with his-as Lord-azwj saying: ‘O Lord-azwj! I-as view that since You-azwj Created me-as, You-azwj had Pre-determined this sin and all what became and I-as came to it, or this thing which I-as did from before was not Pre-determined upon me-as and my-as wretchedness overcame upon me-as, and that was from me-as and my-as deed, neither from You-azwj nor from Your-azwj Deed?’
قَالَ لَهُ يَا آدَمُ أَنَا خَلَقْتُكَ وَ عَلَّمْتُكَ أَنِّي أُسْكِنُكَ وَ زَوْجَتَكَ الْجَنَّةَ وَ بِنِعْمَتِي وَ مَا جَعَلْتُ فِيكَ مِنْ قُوَّتِي قَوِيتَ بِجَوَارِحِكَ عَلَى مَعْصِيَتِي وَ لَمْ تَغِبْ عَنْ عَيْنِي وَ لَمْ يَخْلُ عِلْمِي مِنْ فِعْلِكَ وَ لَا مِمَّا أَنْتَ فَاعِلُهُ
He-azwj Said to him-as: “O Adam-as! I-azwj Created you-as and Let you-as know that I-azwj shall Settle you-as and your-as wife-as in the Paradise, and by My-azwj Bounty and what I-azwj Made to be in you-as from My-azwj Strength your-as limbs were strengthened upon disobeying me-as, and you-as were not hidden from My-azwj Eyes, and My-azwj Knowledge was not empty from your-as deeds nor what you-as are doing”.
قَالَ آدَمُ يَا رَبِّ الْحُجَّةُ لَكَ عَلَيَّ يَا رَبِّ فَحِينَ خَلَقْتَنِي وَ صَوَّرْتَنِي وَ نَفَخْتَ فِيَّ مِنْ رُوحِي
Adam-as said: ‘O Lord-azwj! The argument is Yours-azwj against me-as. O Lord-azwj, when You-azwj Created me-as and Imaged me-as and Blew into me-as from Your-azwj Spirit.
وَ [قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى يَا آدَمُ] أَسْجَدْتُ لَكَ مَلَائِكَتِي وَ نَوَّهْتُ بِاسْمِكَ فِي سَمَاوَاتِي وَ ابْتَدَأْتُكَ بِكَرَامَتِي وَ أَسْكَنْتُكَ جَنَّتِي وَ لَمْ أَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا بِرِضًى مِنِّي عَلَيْكَ- أَبْلُوكَ بِذَلِكَ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ تَكُونَ عَمِلْتَ لِي عَمَلًا تَسْتَوْجِبُ بِهِ عِنْدِي مَا فَعَلْتُ بِكَ قَالَ آدَمُ يَا رَبِّ الْخَيْرُ مِنْكَ وَ الشَّرُّ مِنِّي
(Allah-azwj Said): “And I-azwj got My-azwj Angels to do Sajdah to you-as, and Cited your-as name in My-azwj skies, and Began with you-as with My-azwj Honouring, and Settled you-as in My-azwj Paradise, and I-azwj did not do that except with Pleasure from Me-azwj upon you-as. I-azwj Tried you-as with that from without you-as having done any work for Me-azwj to be obligated by it in My-azwj Presence what was done with you-as”. Adam-as said: ‘O Lord-azwj! The good is from You-azwj and the evil is from me-as’.
قَالَ اللَّهُ يَا آدَمُ أَنَا اللَّهُ الْكَرِيمُ خَلَقْتُ الْخَيْرَ قَبْلَ الشَّرِّ وَ خَلَقْتُ رَحْمَتِي قَبْلَ غَضَبِي وَ قَدَّمْتُ بِكَرَامَتِي قَبْلَ هَوَانِي وَ قَدَّمْتُ بِاحْتِجَاجِي قَبْلَ عَذَابِي
Allah-azwj Said: “O Adam-as! I-azwj am Allah-azwj the Benevolent! I-azwj Created the good before the evil, and Created My-azwj Mercy before My-azwj Wrath, and Proceed with My-azwj Prestige before My-azwj Disgracing, and Proceed with My-azwj Argumentation before My-azwj Punishment.
يَا آدَمُ أَ لَمْ أَنْهَكَ عَنِ الشَّجَرَةِ وَ أُخْبِرْكَ أَنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ عَدُوٌّ لَكَ وَ لِزَوْجَتِكَ وَ أُحَذِّرْكُمَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَصِيرَا إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَ أُعَلِّمْكُمَا أَنَّكُمَا إِنْ أَكَلْتُمَا مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ كُنْتُمَا ظَالِمَيْنِ لِأَنْفُسِكُمَا عَاصِيَيْنِ لِي يَا آدَمُ لَا يُجَاوِرُنِي فِي جَنَّتِي ظَالِمٌ عَاصٍ لِي
O Adam-as! Did I-azwj not Forbid you-as from the tree?” And I-azwj Informed you-as that the Satan-la is an enemy to you-as and your-as wife? And I-azwj Cautioned you-as both before you-as came to the Paradise, and Taught you-as that if you-as were to eat from the tree, you-as will both be unjust to your-as own selves, disobedient to Me-azwj? O Adam-as! And unjust one will not be in My-azwj Vicinity in My-azwj Paradise, being disobedient to Me-azwj”.
قَالَ فَقَالَ بَلَى يَا رَبِّ الْحُجَّةُ لَكَ عَلَيْنَا ظَلَمْنَا أَنْفُسَنَا وَ عَصَيْنَا وَ إِلَّا تَغْفِرْ لَنَا وَ تَرْحَمْنَا نَكُنْ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ
He-asws said: ‘He-as said: ‘Yes, O Lord-azwj! The argument is for You-azwj against me-as. We-as wronged ourselves and we-as disobeyed, and unless You-azwj Forgive us-as and have Mercy on us-as we-as will become from the unjust ones’.
قَالَ فَلَمَّا أَقَرَّا لِرَبِّهِمَا بِذَنْبِهِمَا وَ أَنَّ الْحُجَّةَ مِنَ اللَّهِ لَهُمَا تَدَارَكَهُمَا رَحْمَةُ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِمَا رَبُّهُمَا إِنَّهُ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ
He-asws said: ‘When they-as both acknowledged to their-as Lord-azwj with their-as sin, and that the Argument from Allah-azwj from Allah-azwj to them-as had brought about the Mercy of the Beneficent, the Merciful, so their-as Lord-azwj Turned to them-as, surely He-azwj is the Oft-Turning, the Merciful.
قَالَ اللَّهُ يَا آدَمُ اهْبِطْ أَنْتَ وَ زَوْجُكَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ فَإِذَا أَصْلَحْتُمَا أَصْلَحْتُكُمَا وَ إِنْ عَمِلْتُمَا لِي قَوَّيْتُكُمَا وَ إِنْ تَعَرَّضْتُمَا لِرِضَايَ تَسَارَعْتُ إِلَى رِضَاكُمَا وَ إِنْ خِفْتُمَا مِنِّي آمَنْتُكُمَا مِنْ سَخَطِي
Allah-azwj Said: “O Adam-as! Get down, you-as and your-as wife, to the earth. When you-as correct yourselves-as I-azwj shall Correct you-as, and if you-as work for Me-azwj, I-azwj shall Strengthen you-as, and if you-as expose to My-azwj Pleasure, I-azwj shall Hasten to Please you-as, and if you-as fear from Me-azwj I-azwj shall secure you-as from My-azwj Wrath”.
قَالَ فَبَكَيَا عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ وَ قَالا رَبَّنَا فَأَعِنَّا عَلَى صَلَاحِ أَنْفُسِنَا وَ عَلَى الْعَمَلِ بِمَا يُرْضِيكَ عَنَّا قَالَ اللَّهُ لَهُمَا إِذَا عَمِلْتُمَا سُوءاً فَتُوبَا إِلَيَّ مِنْهُ أَتُبْ عَلَيْكُمَا وَ أَنَا اللَّهُ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ
He-asws said: ‘They-as both cried at that and said: ‘Our-as Lord-azwj! Assist us-as upon correcting ourselves and upon the deeds with what You-azwj would be Pleased from us-as’. Allah-azwj Said to them-as: “When you-as did evil, then repent to Me-azwj from it, I-azwj shall Turn to you-as, and I-azwj am Allah-azwj, the Oft-Turning, the Merciful”.
قَالَ فَأَهْبِطْنَا بِرَحْمَتِكَ إِلَى أَحَبِّ الْبِقَاعِ إِلَيْكَ
He-asws said: ‘Descend us-as with Your-azwj Mercy to the spot most beloved to You-azwj’.
قَالَ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى جَبْرَئِيلَ أَنْ أَهْبِطْهُمَا إِلَى الْبَلْدَةِ الْمُبَارَكَةِ مَكَّةَ
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Revealed to Jibraeel-as: “Descend them-as both to the Blessed city, Makkah!”
قَالَ فَهَبَطَ بِهِمَا جَبْرَئِيلُ فَأَلْقَى آدَمَ عَلَى الصَّفَا وَ أَلْقَى حَوَّاءَ عَلَى الْمَرْوَةِ
He-asws said: ‘Jibraeel-as descended with them-as and cast Adam-as upon Al-Safa, and cast Hawwa-as upon Al-Marwah’.
قَالَ فَلَمَّا أُلْقِيَا قَامَا عَلَى أَرْجُلِهِمَا وَ رَفَعَا رُءُوسَهُمَا إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَ ضَجَّا بِأَصْوَاتِهِمَا بِالْبُكَاءِ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَ خَضَعَا بِأَعْنَاقِهِمَا
He-asws said: ‘When they-as were both cast, they-as stood upon their-as legs and raised their-as heads towards the sky, they clamoured with their voices with the wailing to Allah-azwj the Exalted and humbled with their-as necks.
قَالَ فَهَتَفَ اللَّهُ بِهِمَا مَا يُبْكِيكُمَا بَعْدَ رِضَايَ عَنْكُمَا
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Called out to them-as: “What make you-as two cry after My-azwj being Pleased from you-as?”
قَالَ فَقَالا رَبَّنَا أَبْكَتْنَا خَطِيئَتُنَا وَ هِيَ أَخْرَجَتْنَا عَنْ جِوَارِ رَبِّنَا وَ قَدْ خَفِيَ عَنَّا تَقْدِيسُ مَلَائِكَتِكَ لَكَ رَبَّنَا وَ بَدَتْ لَنَا عَوْرَاتُنَا وَ اضْطَرَّنَا ذَنْبُنَا إِلَى حَرْثِ الدُّنْيَا وَ مَطْعَمِهَا وَ مَشْرَبِهَا وَ دَخَلَتْنَا وَحْشَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ لِتَفْرِيقِكَ بَيْنَنَا
He-asws said: ‘They-as said: ‘Our Lord-azwj! We-as are crying over our-as mistake and it got us-as to be expelled from the Vicinity of our-as Lord-azwj and it was concealed from us-as the extollation of the Holiness of Your-azwj Angels to You-azwj, our-as Lord-azwj, and our-as nakedness manifested to us-as and our-as sin made us-as desperate to the greed of the world and its food and its drinks, and intense loneliness entered us-as due to the separation between us-as’.
قَالَ فَرَحِمَهُمَا الرَّحْمَنُ الرَّحِيمُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ وَ أَوْحَى إِلَى جَبْرَئِيلَ أَنَا اللَّهُ الرَّحْمَنُ الرَّحِيمُ وَ أَنِّي قَدْ رَحِمْتُ آدَمَ وَ حَوَّاءَ لِمَا شَكَيَا إِلَيَّ فَاهْبِطْ عَلَيْهِمَا بِخَيْمَةٍ مِنْ خِيَامِ الْجَنَّةِ وَ عَزِّهِمَا عَنِّي بِفِرَاقِ الْجَنَّةِ وَ اجْمَعْ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي الْخَيْمَةِ فَإِنِّي قَدْ رَحِمْتُهُمَا لِبُكَائِهِمَا وَ وَحْشَتِهِمَا وَ وَحْدَتِهِمَا وَ انْصِبْ لَهُمَا الْخَيْمَةَ عَلَى التُّرْعَةِ الَّتِي بَيْنَ جِبَالِ مَكَّةَ
He-asws said: ‘The Beneficent, the Merciful was Merciful to them-as at that and Revealed unto Jibraeel-as: “I-azwj am Allah-azwj, the Beneficent, the Merciful, and I-azwj have Shown Mercy to Adam-as and Hawwa-as when they-as complained to Me-azwj. Descend unto them-as with a tent from the tents of the Paradise and be friendly with them-as on My-azwj behalf due to the separation from the Paradise, and gather between the two of them-as to be in one tent, for I-azwj had been Merciful to them-as due to their-as wailing, and their-as fear, and their-as loneliness, and install the tent for them-as at the canal which is between the mountains of Makkah”.
قَالَ وَ التُّرْعَةُ مَكَانُ الْبَيْتِ وَ قَوَاعِدِهِ الَّتِي رَفَعَتْهَا الْمَلَائِكَةُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ فَهَبَطَ جَبْرَئِيلُ عَلَى آدَمَ بِالْخَيْمَةِ عَلَى مِقْدَارِ أَرْكَانِ الْبَيْتِ وَ قَوَاعِدِهِ فَنَصَبَهَا
He-asws said: ‘And the canal was the place of the House and its foundation which the Angels had raised before that. Jibraeel-as descended unto Adam-as with the tent upon a measurement of the cornerstones of the House and its foundations and installed it’.
قَالَ وَ أَنْزَلَ جَبْرَئِيلُ آدَمَ مِنَ الصَّفَا وَ أَنْزَلَ حَوَّاءَ مِنَ الْمَرْوَةِ وَ جَمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي الْخَيْمَةِ
He-asws said: ‘And Jibraeel-as brought Adam-as down from Al-Safa, and brought down Hawwa-as from Al-Marwa and gathered between them-as in the tent’.
قَالَ وَ كَانَ عَمُودُ الْخَيْمَةِ قَضِيبَ يَاقُوتٍ أَحْمَرَ فَأَضَاءَ نُورُهُ وَ ضَوْؤُهُ جِبَالَ مَكَّةَ وَ مَا حَوْلَهَا
He-asws said: ‘And the pillars of the tent were rods of red ruby and their light and its radiance illuminated the mountains of Makkah and what is around it’.
قَالَ وَ امْتَدَّ ضَوْءُ الْعَمُودِ فَجَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ حَرَماً فَهُوَ مَوَاضِعُ الْحَرَمِ الْيَوْمَ كُلُّ نَاحِيَةٍ مِنْ حَيْثُ بَلَغَ ضَوْءُ الْعَمُودِ فَجَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ حَرَماً لِحُرْمَةِ الْخَيْمَةِ وَ الْعَمُودِ لِأَنَّهُمَا مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ
He-asws said: ‘And to the extent of the illumination of the pillars, Allah-azwj Made it to be a Sanctuary (Hurrum), and it is the place of the Hurrum today. All around from where the illumination of the pillars reached, Allah-azwj Made it a Sanctuary due to the Sanctity of the pillars because these were from the Paradise’.
قَالَ وَ لِذَلِكَ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ الْحَسَنَاتِ فِي الْحَرَمِ مُضَاعَفَةً وَ السَّيِّئَاتِ فِيهِ مُضَاعَفَةً
He-asws said: ‘And due to that, Allah-azwj Made the good deeds (performed) in the Sanctuary as double and the evil deeds (performed) in it as double’.
قَالَ وَ مُدَّتْ أَطْنَابُ الْخَيْمَةِ حَوْلَهَا فَمُنْتَهَى أَوْتَادِهَا مَا حَوْلَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ
He-asws said: ‘And the wings of the tent were stretched around it and its pegs ended up to what is around the Sacred Masjid’.
قَالَ وَ كَانَتْ أَوْتَادُهَا مِنْ غُصُونِ الْجَنَّةِ وَ أَطْنَابُهَا مِنْ ظَفَائِرِ الْأُرْجُوَانِ
He-asws said: ‘And its pegs were from the twigs of the Paradise, and its wings were from purple curled material’.
قَالَ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى جَبْرَئِيلَ أَهْبِطْ عَلَى الْخَيْمَةِ سَبْعِينَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ يَحْرُسُونَهَا مِنْ مَرَدَةِ الْجِنِّ وَ يُؤْنِسُونَ آدَمَ وَ حَوَّاءَ وَ يَطُوفُونَ حَوْلَ الْخَيْمَةِ تَعْظِيماً لِلْبَيْتِ وَ الْخَيْمَةِ
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Revealed to Jibraeel-as: “Send down seventy thousand Angels to the tent to fortify it from the renegade Jinns, and comfort Adam-as and Hawwa-as, and to be circle around the tent in reverence to the House and the tent’.
قَالَ فَهَبَطَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ فَكَانُوا بِحَضْرَةِ الْخَيْمَةِ يَحْرُسُونَهَا مِنْ مَرَدَةِ الشَّيَاطِينِ وَ الْعُتَاةِ وَ يَطُوفُونَ حَوْلَ أَرْكَانِ الْبَيْتِ وَ الْخَيْمَةِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ وَ لَيْلَةٍ كَمَا كَانُوا يَطُوفُونَ فِي السَّمَاءِ حَوْلَ الْبَيْتِ الْمَعْمُورِ
He-asws said: ‘The Angels descended and they were in the presence of the tent fortifying it from the renegade Satans-la and the transgressors, and they were circling around the corners of the House and the tent every day and night just as they were doing Tawaaf in the sky around Bayt Al-Mamour’.
قَالَ وَ أَرْكَانُ الْبَيْتِ الْحَرَامِ فِي الْأَرْضِ حِيَالَ الْبَيْتِ الْمَعْمُورِ الَّذِي فِي السَّمَاءِ
He-asws said: ‘And the foundations of the Sacred House in the earth are parallel to Bayt Al-Mamour, which is in the sky’.
قَالَ ثُمَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَوْحَى إِلَى جَبْرَئِيلَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَنِ اهْبِطْ إِلَى آدَمَ وَ حَوَّاءَ فَنَحِّهِمَا عَنْ مَوَاضِعِ قَوَاعِدِ بَيْتِي فَإِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَهْبِطَ فِي ظِلَالٍ مِنْ مَلَائِكَتِي إِلَى أَرْضِي فَأَرْفَعَ أَرْكَانَ بَيْتِي لِمَلَائِكَتِي وَ لِخَلْقِي مِنْ وُلْدِ آدَمَ
He-asws said: ‘Then Allah-azwj Revealed to Jibraeel-as after that: “Go down to Adam-as and Hawwa-as and forbid them-as from the places of the cornerstones of My-azwj House, for I-azwj Want to Send down in the shadow from My-azwj Angels to My-azwj earth and Raise the foundations of My-azwj House for My-azwj Angels and My-azwj creatures from the children of Adam-as”.
قَالَ فَهَبَطَ جَبْرَئِيلُ عَلَى آدَمَ وَ حَوَّاءَ فَأَخْرَجَهُمَا مِنَ الْخَيْمَةِ وَ نَحَّاهُمَا عَنْ تُرْعَةِ الْبَيْتِ الْحَرَامِ وَ نَحَّى الْخَيْمَةَ عَنْ مَوْضِعِ التُّرْعَةِ
He-asws said: ‘Jibraeel-as descended unto Adam-as and Hawwa-as and expelled them-as from the tent and forbade them-as from the canal of the Sacred House and removed the tent from the place of the canal’.
قَالَ وَ وَضَعَ آدَمَ عَلَى الصَّفَا وَ وَضَعَ حَوَّاءَ عَلَى الْمَرْوَةِ وَ رَفَعَ الْخَيْمَةَ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَقَالَ آدَمُ وَ حَوَّاءُ يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ بِسَخَطٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ حَوَّلْتَنَا وَ فَرَّقْتَ بَيْنَنَا أَمْ بِرِضًى تَقْدِيراً مِنَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْنَا
He-asws said: ‘And he-as placed Adam-as upon Al-Safa and Hawwa-as upon Al-Marwa, and raised the tent to the sky. Adam-as and Hawwa-as said: ‘O Jibraeel-as! Is it due to the Anger from Allah-azwj you-as are transferring us-asws and separated between us-as or due to Pleasure of a Pre-determination from Allah-azwj upon us-as?’
فَقَالَ لَهُمَا لَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ سَخَطاً مِنَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمَا وَ لَكِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يُسْئَلُ عَمَّا يَفْعَلُ يَا آدَمُ إِنَّ السَّبْعِينَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ الَّذِينَ أَنْزَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ لِيُؤْنِسُوكَ وَ يَطُوفُونَ حَوْلَ أَرْكَانِ الْبَيْتِ وَ الْخَيْمَةِ سَأَلُوا اللَّهَ أَنْ يَبْنِيَ لَهُمْ مَكَانَ الْخَيْمَةِ بَيْتاً عَلَى مَوْضِعِ التُّرْعَةِ الْمُبَارَكَةِ حِيَالَ الْبَيْتِ الْمَعْمُورِ فَيَطُوفُونَ حَوْلَهُ كَمَا كَانُوا يَطُوفُونَ فِي السَّمَاءِ حَوْلَ الْبَيْتِ الْمَعْمُورِ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيَّ أَنْ أُنَحِّيَكَ وَ حَوَّاءَ وَ أَرْفَعَ الْخَيْمَةَ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ
He-as said to them: ‘That did not happen as a Wrath from Allah-azwj upon you-as, but Allah-azwj will not be Questioned about what He-azwj Does. O Adam-as! The seventy thousand Angels, those whom Allah-azwj Sent down to the earth to comfort you-as and are circling around the foundation of the House and the tent, asked Allah-azwj to Build a House for them in place of the tent, upon the place of the Blessed canal parallel to Al-Bayt Al-Mamour, so they would be doing Tawaaf around it just as they were doing Tawaaf in the sky around the Bayt Al-Mamour. So, Allah-azwj Revealed to me-as that I-as remove you-as and Hawwa-as and raise the tent to the sky’.
فَقَالَ آدَمُ رَضِينَا بِتَقْدِيرِ اللَّهِ وَ نَافِذِ أَمْرِهِ فِينَا فَكَانَ آدَمُ عَلَى الصَّفَا وَ حَوَّاءُ عَلَى الْمَرْوَةِ
Adam-as said: ‘We-as are pleased with the Decree of Allah-azwj and the implementation of His-azwj Command regarding us-as’. Adam-as was upon Al-Safa and Hawwa-as upon Al-Marwa’.
قَالَ فَدَخَلَ آدَمَ لِفِرَاقِ حَوَّاءَ وَحْشَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ وَ حُزْنٌ
He-asws said: ‘Adam-as maintained separation from Hawwa-as, and was intensely lonely and in grief’.
قَالَ فَهَبَطَ مِنَ الصَّفَا يُرِيدُ الْمَرْوَةَ شَوْقاً إِلَى حَوَّاءَ وَ لِيُسَلِّمَ عَلَيْهَا وَ كَانَ فِيمَا بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَ الْمَرْوَةِ وَادٍ وَ كَانَ آدَمُ يَرَى الْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ فَوْقِ الصَّفَا فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَى مَوْضِعِ الْوَادِي غَابَتْ عَنْهُ الْمَرْوَةُ فَسَعَى فِي الْوَادِي حَذَراً لِمَا لَمْ يَرَ الْمَرْوَةَ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ ضَلَّ عَنْ طَرِيقِهِ
He-asws said: ‘He-as descended from Al-Safa intending Al-Marwa in desire to Hawwa-as and to greet upon her-as, and there was a valley in what is between Al-Safa and Al-Marwa, and Adam-as used to see Al-Marwa from above Al-Safa. When he-as ended up to the place of the valley, Al-Marwa disappeared from him-as (his-as view). He-as sprinted in the valley cautious to what he-as could not see Al-Marwa, fearing that he-as might have been lost from its path.
فَلَمَّا أَنْ جَازَ الْوَادِيَ وَ ارْتَفَعَ عَنْهُ نَظَرَ إِلَى الْمَرْوَةِ فَمَشَى حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى الْمَرْوَةِ فَصَعِدَ عَلَيْهَا فَسَلَّمَ عَلَى حَوَّاءَ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَا بِوَجْهِهِمَا نَحْوَ مَوْضِعِ التُّرْعَةِ يَنْظُرَانِ هَلْ رُفِعَ قَوَاعِدُ الْبَيْتِ وَ يَسْأَلَانِ اللَّهَ أَنْ يَرُدَّهُمَا إِلَى مَكَانِهِمَا حَتَّى هَبَطَ مِنَ الْمَرْوَةِ
When he-as crossed the valley and went higher from it, he-as looked at Al-Marwa and walked until he-as ended up to Al-Marwa. He-as ascended upon it and greeted unto Hawwa-as. Then they-as both faced towards the place of the canal and looked at whether the foundations of the House had been raised, and they-as asked Allah-azwj to return them-as to their-as places until he-as came down from Al-Marwa.
فَرَجَعَ إِلَى الصَّفَا فَقَامَ عَلَيْهِ وَ أَقْبَلَ بِوَجْهِهِ نَحْوَ مَوْضِعِ التُّرْعَةِ فَدَعَا اللَّهَ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ اشْتَاقَ إِلَى حَوَّاءَ فَهَبَطَ مِنَ الصَّفَا يُرِيدُ الْمَرْوَةَ فَفَعَلَ مِثْلَ مَا فَعَلَهُ فِي الْمَرَّةِ الْأُولَى ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى الصَّفَا فَفَعَلَ عَلَيْهِ مِثْلَ مَا فَعَلَ فِي الْمَرَّةِ الْأُولَى ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ هَبَطَ مِنَ الصَّفَا إِلَى الْمَرْوَةِ فَفَعَلَ مِثْلَ مَا فَعَلَ فِي الْمَرَّتَيْنِ الْأُولَيَيْنِ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى الصَّفَا فَقَامَ عَلَيْهِ وَ دَعَا اللَّهَ أَنْ يَجْمَعَ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ زَوْجَتِهِ حَوَّاءَ
He-as returned to Al-Safa-as and stood upon it, and turned to face around the place of the canal and supplicated to Allah-azwj. Then he-as was desirous to Hawwa-as, so he-as descended from Al-Safa intending Al-Marwa, and did what he-as had done the first time. Then he-as returned to Al-Safa-as and did upon it like what he-as had done during the first time. Then he-as descended from Al-Safa to Al-Marwa and did the like of what he-as had done during the first two times. Then he-as returned to Al-Safa and stood upon it and supplicated to Allah-azwj that He-azwj Gathers between him-as and his-as wife Hawwa-as’.
قَالَ فَكَانَ ذَهَابُ آدَمَ مِنَ الصَّفَا إِلَى الْمَرْوَةِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ وَ رُجُوعُهُ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ فَذَلِكَ سِتَّةُ أَشْوَاطٍ فَلَمَّا أَنْ دَعَيَا اللَّهَ وَ بَكَيَا إِلَيْهِ وَ سَأَلَاهُ أَنْ يَجْمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا اسْتَجَابَ اللَّهُ لَهُمَا مِنْ سَاعَتِهِمَا مِنْ يَوْمِهِمَا ذَلِكَ مَعَ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ
He-asws said: ‘The going of Adam-as from Al-Safa to Al-Marwa was three times, and his-as return was three times, and that is six circuits. When he-as supplicated to Allah-azwj and cried to Him-azwj and asked Him-azwj that He-azwj Gathers between the two of them-as, Allah-azwj Answered to them-as from that time of theirs-as, and that day of theirs-as with the decline of the sun.
فَأَتَاهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ وَ هُوَ عَلَى الصَّفَا وَاقِفٌ يَدْعُو اللَّهَ مُقْبِلًا بِوَجْهِهِ نَحْوَ التُّرْعَةِ فَقَالَ لَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع انْزِلْ يَا آدَمُ مِنَ الصَّفَا فَالْحَقْ بِحَوَّاءَ فَنَزَلَ آدَمُ مِنَ الصَّفَا إِلَى الْمَرْوَةِ فَفَعَلَ مِثْلَ مَا فَعَلَ فِي الثَّلَاثِ الْمَرَّاتِ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى الْمَرْوَةِ فَصَعِدَ عَلَيْهَا وَ أَخْبَرَ حَوَّاءَ بِمَا أَخْبَرَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع
Then, Jibraeel-as came to him-as while he-as was upon Al-Safa standing supplicating to Allah-azwj facing by his-as face towards the canal. Jibraeel-as said to him-as: ‘Descend, O Adam-as, from Al-Safa and be with Hawwa-as’. Adam-as descended from Al-Safa to go to Al-Marwa and did the like of what he-as had done during the three times until he-as ended up at Al-Marwa. He-as ascended upon it and informed Hawwa-as with what Jibraeel-as had informed him-as.
فَفَرِحَا بِذَلِكَ فَرَحاً شَدِيداً وَ حَمِدَا اللَّهَ وَ شَكَرَاهُ فَلِذَلِكَ جَرَتِ السُّنَّةُ بِالسَّعْيِ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَ الْمَرْوَةِ وَ لِذَلِكَ قَالَ اللَّهُ إِنَّ الصَّفا وَ الْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعائِرِ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَيْتَ أَوِ اعْتَمَرَ فَلا جُناحَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِما
They-as were both happy with intense happiness and praised Allah-azwj and thanked Him-azwj. Thus, due to that, the Sunnah flowed with the Saee between Al-Safa and Al-Marwa, and for that Allah-azwj Said: ‘Surely Al-Safa and Al-Marwa are among the Rituals of Allah; so whoever performs Hajj of the House or Umrah, there is no blame on him if he goes does Tawaaf of both of them; [2:158]’.
قَالَ ثُمَّ إِنَّ جَبْرَئِيلَ أَتَاهُمَا فَأَنْزَلَهُمَا مِنَ الْمَرْوَةِ وَ أَخْبَرَهُمَا أَنَّ الْجَبَّارَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى قَدْ هَبَطَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ فَرَفَعَ قَوَاعِدَ الْبَيْتِ الْحَرَامِ بِحَجَرٍ مِنَ الصَّفَا وَ حَجَرٍ مِنَ الْمَرْوَةِ وَ حَجَرٍ مِنْ طُورِ سَيْنَاءَ وَ حَجَرٍ مِنْ جَبَلِ السَّلَامِ وَ هُوَ ظَهْرُ الْكُوفَةِ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى جَبْرَئِيلَ أَنِ ابْنِهِ وَ أَتِمَّهُ
He-asws said: ‘Then Jibraeel-as came to them-as and brought them-as down from Al-Marwa and informed them-as that the Subduer, the Blessed and Exalted had had Got him-as to descend to the earth and raise the foundations of the Sacred House with a rock from Al-Safa, and a rock from Al-Marwa, and a rock from (Mount) Toor of Sinani, and a rock from Mount Al Salam, and it is at the back of Al Kufa. Then Allah-azwj Revealed to Jibraeel-as he-as build it and complete it’.
قَالَ فَاقْتَلَعَ جَبْرَئِيلُ الْأَحْجَارَ الْأَرْبَعَةَ بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ مِنْ مَوَاضِعِهِنَّ بِجَنَاحَيْهِ فَوَضَعَهُمَا حَيْثُ أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ فِي أَرْكَانِ الْبَيْتِ عَلَى قَوَاعِدِهِ الَّتِي قَدَّرَهَا الْجَبَّارُ وَ نَصَبَ أَعْلَامَهَا ثُمَّ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى جَبْرَئِيلَ أَنِ ابْنِهِ وَ أَتْمِمْهُ بِحِجَارَةٍ مِنْ أَبِي قُبَيْسٍ وَ اجْعَلْ لَهُ بَابَيْنِ بَابَ شَرْقيٍّ وَ بَابَ غَرْبِيٍّ
He-asws said: ‘Jibraeel-as uprooted the four rocks by the Command of Allah-azwj, from their places with his-as wings and placed them where Allah-azwj Commanded him-as, in the corners of the House upon its foundations which the Subduer had Determined it and Installed its markings. Then Allah-azwj Revealed to Jibraeel-as that he-as builds it and completes it from (Mount) Abu Qubays and make two doors for it – an eastern door and a western door’.
قَالَ فَأَتَمَّهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ فَلَمَّا انْفَرَغَ مِنْهُ طَافَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ حَوْلَهُفَلَمَّا نَظَرَ آدَمُ وَ حَوَّاءُ إِلَى الْمَلَائِكَةِ يَطُوفُونَ حَوْلَ الْبَيْتِ انْطَلَقَا فَطَافَا بِالْبَيْتِ سَبْعَةَ أَشْوَاطٍ ثُمَّ خَرَجَا يَطْلُبَانِ مَا يَأْكُلَانِ وَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ يَوْمِهِمَا الَّذِي هَبَطَ بِهِمَا فِيهِ
He-asws said: ‘Jibraeel-as completed it. When he-as was free from it, the Angels performed Tawaaf around it. When Adam-as and Hawwa-as looked at the Angels doing Tawaaf around the House, they-as went and did Tawaaf with the House of seven circuits. Then they-as came out seeking what they-as could eat, and that was from the day of theirs-as which they-as had descended during it.[36]
37- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ قَالَ: الْكَلِمَاتُ الَّتِي تَلَقَّاهُنَّ آدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ وَ هَدَى قَالَ سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَ بِحَمْدِكَ إِنِّي عَمِلْتُ سُوءاً وَ ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي فَاغْفِرْ لِي إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ سُبْحَانَكَ وَ بِحَمْدِكَ إِنِّي عَمِلْتُ سُوءاً وَ ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي وَ اغْفِرْ لِي إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ خَيْرُ الْغافِرِينَ اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ سُبْحَانَكَ وَ بِحَمْدِكَ إِنِّي عَمِلْتُ سُوءاً وَ ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي فَاغْفِرْ لِي إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ
‘Tafseer Al-Ayyashi’ – Muhammad Bin Muslim,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘The words which were cast to Adam-as from his-as Lord-azwj so He-azwj Turned to him-as and Guided, he-as said: ‘Glory be to You-azwj. O Allah-azwj! And with Your-azwj Praise. I-as have done evil and been unjust to myself-as. Forgive me-as, You-azwj are the Forgiver, the Merciful. There is no god except You-azwj. Glory be to You-azwj. O Allah-azwj! And with Your-azwj Praise. I-as have done evil and been unjust to myself-as. Forgive me-as, You-azwj are the Forgiver, the Merciful. There is no god except You-azwj. Glory be to You-azwj. O Allah-azwj! And with Your-azwj Praise. I-as have done evil and been unjust to myself-as. Forgive me-as, surely You-azwj are the Forgiver, the Merciful![37]
38 و قال الحسن بن راشد إذا استيقظت من منامك فقل الكلمات التي تلقى بها آدم من ربه سبوح قدوس رب الملائكة و الروح سبقت رحمتك غضبك لا إله إلا أنت إني ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي فَاغْفِرْ لِي و ارحمني- إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ الغفور
(P.S. – This is not a Hadeeth)[38]
39- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى عَرَضَ عَلَى آدَمَ فِي الْمِيثَاقِ ذُرِّيَّتَهُ فَمَرَّ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ص وَ هُوَ مُتَّكِئٌ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ ع- وَ فَاطِمَةُ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا تَتْلُوهُمَا وَ الْحَسَنُ وَ الْحُسَيْنُ ع يَتْلُوَانِ فَاطِمَةَ
‘Tafseer Al-Ayyashi’ – From Abdul Rahman Bin Kaseer,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘During the Covenant, Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Presented unto Adam-as, his-as offspring. He-as passed by the Prophet-saww while he-saww was reclining upon Ali-asws, and (Syeda) Fatima-asws was behind them-asws, and Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws were behind (Syeda) Fatima-asws.
فَقَالَ اللَّهُ يَا آدَمُ إِيَّاكَ أَنْ تَنْظُرَ إِلَيْهِ بِحَسَدٍ أُهْبِطْكَ مِنْ جِوَارِي
Allah-azwj Said: “O Adam-as! Beware of looking at them with envy for I-azwj will Descend you-as from My-azwj Vicinity!”
فَلَمَّا أَسْكَنَهُ اللَّهُ الْجَنَّةَ مُثِّلَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ وَ عَلِيٌّ وَ- فَاطِمَةُ وَ الْحَسَنُ وَ الْحُسَيْنُ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِحَسَدٍ
When Allah-azwj Settled him-as in the Paradise, resembled for him-as, the Prophet-as, and Ali-asws, and (Syeda) Fatima-asws, and Al-Hassan-asws, and Al-Husayn-asws. He-as looked at them-asws with envy.
ثُمَّ عُرِضَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْوَلَايَةُ فَأَنْكَرَهَا فَرَمَتْهُ الْجَنَّةُ بِأَوْرَاقِهَا فَلَمَّا تَابَ إِلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ حَسَدِهِ وَ أَقَرَّ بِالْوَلَايَةِ وَ دَعَا بِحَقِّ الْخَمْسَةِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ فَاطِمَةَ وَ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ- فَتَلَقَّى آدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ كَلِماتٍ الْآيَةَ
Then the Wilayah was Presented unto him-as, but he-as denied it. The Paradise pelted him-as with its leaves. When he-as repented to Allah-azwj from his-as envy and accepted with the Wilayah and supplicated by the right of the five – Muhammad-saww, and Ali-asws, and (Syeda) Fatima-asws, and Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws. Allah-azwj Forgave him-as, and that is His-azwj Word: Then Adam received (certain) Words from his Lord [2:37] – The Verse.[39]
40- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْعَلَوِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع قَالَ: الْكَلِمَاتُ الَّتِي تَلَقَّاهَا آدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ قَالَ يَا رَبِّ أَسْأَلُكَ بِحَقِّ مُحَمَّدٍ لَمَّا تُبْتَ عَلَيَّ- قَالَ وَ مَا عِلْمُكَ بِمُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ رَأَيْتُهُ فِي سُرَادِقِكَ الْأَعْظَمِ مَكْتُوباً وَ أَنَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ
‘Tafseer Al-Ayyashi’ – From Muhammad Bin Isa Bin Abdullah Al Alawy, from his father, from his grandfather,
‘From Ali-asws having said: ‘The words which Adam-as received from his-as Lord-azwj, he-as said: ‘I-as ask You-azwj by the right of Muhammad-saww, will You-azwj Turn to me-as?’ He-azwj Said: “And what is your-as knowledge of Muhammad-saww?” He-as said: ‘I-as saw him-saww (his-saww name) Inscribed in Your-azwj Great Pavilion, and I-as was in the Paradise.[40]
41- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ سَلَّامِ بْنِ الْمُسْتَنِيرِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فِي قَوْلِهِ وَ لا تَقْرَبا هذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ يَعْنِي لَا تَأْكُلَا مِنْهَا
‘Tafseer Al-Ayyashi’ – From Salam Bin Al Mustaneer,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws regarding His-azwj Words: and do not approach this tree, [2:35] – meaning, do not eat from it.[41]
42- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَخِيهِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الثَّالِثِ ع قَالَ: الشَّجَرَةُ الَّتِي نَهَى اللَّهُ آدَمَ وَ زَوْجَتَهُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَا مِنْهَا شَجَرَةُ الْحَسَدِ عَهِدَ إِلَيْهِمَا أَنْ لَا يَنْظُرَا إِلَى مَنْ فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ عَلَى خَلَائِقِهِ بِعَيْنِ الْحَسَدِ وَ لَمْ يَجِدِ اللَّهُ لَهُ عَزْماً
‘Tafseer Al-Ayyashi’ – From Musa Bin Muhammad Bin Ali,
‘From his brother-asws Abu Al-Hassan-asws the 3rd having said: ‘The tree which Allah-azwj Forbade Adam-as and his-as wife to eat from, was the tree of envy. It was Covenanted to them-as that they should not look at the ones whom Allah-azwj had Merited upon him-as and upon His-azwj creatures, with the eye of envy, and Allah-azwj did not Find any determination to be for him-as.[42]
43- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ كَيْفَ أَخَذَ اللَّهُ آدَمَ بِالنِّسْيَانِ
‘Tafseer Al-Ayyashi’ – From Jameel Bin Daraj, from one of our companions,
From one of them-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I asked him-asws, ‘How come Allah-azwj Seized Adam-as due to the forgetfulness?’
فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَنْسَ وَ كَيْفَ يَنْسَى وَ هُوَ يَذْكُرُهُ وَ يَقُولُ لَهُ إِبْلِيسُ ما نَهاكُما رَبُّكُما عَنْ هذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونا مَلَكَيْنِ أَوْ تَكُونا مِنَ الْخالِدِينَ
He-asws said: ‘He-as did not forget, and how could he-as have forgotten and he-as remembered it and Iblees-la is saying to him-as: ‘Your Lord did not Forbid you from this tree except that you would become two Angels or you would become from eternally living ones’ [7:20].[43]
44- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَفَعَهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ص أَنَّ مُوسَى سَأَلَ رَبَّهُ أَنْ يَجْمَعَ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ أَبِيهِ آدَمَ حَيْثُ عَرَجَ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فِي أَمْرِ الصَّلَاةِ فَفَعَلَ
‘Tafseer Al-Ayyashi’ – From Masada Bin Sadaqa,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws raising it to the Prophet-saww that Musa-as asked his-as Lord-azwj to gather between him-as and his-as father-as Adam-as, when he-as ascended to the sky regarding the matter of the Salat. He-azwj Did so.
فَقَالَ لَهُ مُوسَى يَا آدَمُ أَنْتَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكَ اللَّهُ بِيَدِهِ وَ نَفَخَ فِيكَ مِنْ رُوحِهِ وَ أَسْجَدَ لَكَ مَلَائِكَتَهُ وَ أَبَاحَ لَكَ جَنَّتَهُ وَ أَسْكَنَكَ جِوَارَهُ وَ كَلَّمَكَ قُبُلًا ثُمَّ نَهَاكَ عَنْ شَجَرَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فَلَمْ تَصْبِرْ عَنْهَا حَتَّى أُهْبِطْتَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ بِسَبَبِهَا فَلَمْ تَسْتَطِعْ أَنْ تَضْبِطَ نَفْسَكَ عَنْهَا حَتَّى أَغْرَاكَ إِبْلِيسُ فَأَطَعْتَهُ فَأَنْتَ الَّذِي أَخْرَجْتَنَا مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ بِمَعْصِيَتِكَ
Musa-as said to him-as: ‘O Adam-as! You-as are the one whom Allah-azwj Created you-as by His-azwj Hands, and Blew into you-as from His-azwj Spirit, and got His-azwj Angels to do Sajdah to you-as, and He-azwj Legalised His-azwj Paradise for you-as, and Settled you-as in His-azwj Vicinity, and Spoke to you-as directly, then Forbade you-as from one tree, but you-as were not patient upon it until you-as were descended to the earth due to its cause. You-as were not capable to curb yourself-as from it until Iblees-la deceived you-as and you-as went to it. Thus, you-as are the one whom expelled us-as from the Paradise due to your-as disobedience’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ آدَمُ ارْفُقْ بِأَبِيكَ أَيْ بُنَيَّ فِيمَا لَقِيَ فِي أَمْرِ هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ يَا بُنَيَّ إِنَّ عَدُوِّي أَتَانِي مِنْ وَجْهِ الْمَكْرِ وَ الْخَدِيعَةِ فَحَلَفَ لِي بِاللَّهِ أَنَّهُ فِي مَشُورَتِهِ عَلَيَّ إِنَّهُ لَمِنَ النَّاصِحِينَ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِي مُنْتَصِحاً إِنِّي لِشَأْنِكَ يَا آدَمُ لَمَغْمُومٌ قُلْتُ وَ كَيْفَ
Adam-as said to him-as: ‘Be kind to your-as father-as. Yes, my-as son-as, regarding what faced me-as regarding the matter of this tree. O my-as son-as! My-as enemy came to me-as from an aspect of the plotting and the deception, and he-la swore to me-as by Allah-azwj in his-la consultation to me-as that he-la is from the sincere advisers, and that he-la said to me-as as an adviser, ‘O Adam-as! Your-as situation is gloomy. I-as said: ‘And how?’
قَالَ قَدْ كُنْتُ أَنِسْتُ بِكَ وَ بِقُرْبِكَ مِنِّي وَ أَنْتَ تَخْرُجُ مِمَّا أَنْتَ فِيهِ إِلَى مَا سَتَكْرَهُهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ وَ مَا الْحِيلَةُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ الْحِيلَةَ هُوَ ذَا هُوَ مَعَكَ أَ فَلَا أَدُلُّكَ عَلى شَجَرَةِ الْخُلْدِ وَ مُلْكٍ لا يَبْلى فَكُلَا مِنْهَا أَنْتَ وَ زَوْجُكَ فَتَصِيرَا مَعِي فِي الْجَنَّةِ أَبَداً مِنَ الْخَالِدِينَ
He-la said, ‘I-la was comfortable with you-as and with your-as nearness form me-la, and you-as came out from what you-as were in to what you-as dislike’. I-as said to him-la: ‘And what is the strategy?’ He-la said, ‘The strategy is that which is with you-as. Shall I-la point you to a tree of eternality and a kingdom not to wear out? Then, you-as and your-as wife-as should eat from it and come to be with me-la in the Paradise, forever, from the eternal ones’.
وَ حَلَفَ لِي بِاللَّهِ كَاذِباً إِنَّهُ لَمِنَ النَّاصِحِينَ وَ لَمْ أَظُنَّ يَا مُوسَى أَنَّ أَحَداً يَحْلِفُ بِاللَّهِ كَاذِباً فَوَثِقْتُ بِيَمِينِهِ فَهَذَا عُذْرِي فَأَخْبِرْنِي يَا بُنَيَّ هَلْ تَجِدُ فِيمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكَ أَنَّ خَطِيئَتِي كَائِنَةٌ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ أُخْلَقَ قَالَ لَهُ مُوسَى بِدَهْرٍ طَوِيلٍ
And he-la swore to me-as by Allah-azwj, falsely that he-la is from the sincere advisers, and I-as did not think, O Musa-as, that anyone would swear falsely by Allah-azwj. So, I-as relied upon his-la oath, and this is my-as excuse. Inform me-as, O my-as son-as! Did you-as find, among what Allah-azwj Revealed to you-as, that my-as mistake happened from before I-as was Created?’ Musa-as said: ‘By a long duration’.
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَحَجَّ آدَمُ مُوسَى قَالَ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثاً
Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Adam-as (defeated) Musa-as in argument’. He-saww said that thrice.[44]
45- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ أَنَا حَاضِرٌ كَمْ لَبِثَ آدَمُ وَ زَوْجُهُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ حَتَّى أَخْرَجَهُمَا مِنْهَا خَطِيئَتُهُمَا
‘Tafseer Al-Ayyashi’ – From Abdullah Bin Sinan who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws was asked while I was present, ‘How long did Adam-as and his-as wife remain in the Paradise until their-as mistake got them-as expelled from it?’
فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى نَفَخَ فِي آدَمَ رُوحَهُ بَعْدَ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ ثُمَّ بَرَأَ زَوْجَتَهُ مِنْ أَسْفَلِ أَضْلَاعِهِ ثُمَّ أَسْجَدَ لَهُ مَلَائِكَتَهُ وَ أَسْكَنَهُ جَنَّتَهُ مِنْ يَوْمِهِ ذَلِكَ
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Blew His-azwj Spirit into Adam-as after the decline of the sun from the day of Friday. Then He-azwj Created his-as wife from the lowest of his-as ribs. Then His-azwj Angels did Sajdah to him-as, and He-azwj Settled him-as into His-azwj Paradise from that day.
فَوَ اللَّهِ مَا اسْتَقَرَّ فِيهَا إِلَّا سِتَّ سَاعَاتٍ فِي يَوْمِهِ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى عَصَى اللَّهَ فَأَخْرَجَهُمَا اللَّهُ مِنْهَا بَعْدَ غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ وَ مَا بَاتَا فِيهَا وَ صُيِّرَا بِفِنَاءِ الْجَنَّةِ حَتَّى أَصْبَحَا فَ بَدَتْ لَهُما سَوْآتُهُما- وَ ناداهُما رَبُّهُما أَ لَمْ أَنْهَكُما عَنْ تِلْكُمَا الشَّجَرَةِ
By Allah-azwj! He-as did not stay in it except six hours during that day of his-as until he-as disobeyed Allah-azwj, and Allah-azwj Expelled him-as from it after the setting of the sun, and did not spend the night therein and came to be by the courtyard of the Paradise, until morning came. So, their evil inclinations were manifested to them-as, and their-as Lord-azwj Called out to them: “Did I-azwj not Forbid you-as from that tree?”
فَاسْتَحْيَا آدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ وَ خَضَعَ وَ قَالَ رَبَّنا ظَلَمْنا أَنْفُسَنا وَ اعْتَرَفْنَا بِذُنُوبِنَا فَاغْفِرْ لَنَا
Adam-as was embarrassed from his-as Lord-azwj and humbled and said: ‘Our-as Lord-azwj! We-as wronged ourselves-as, and we-as acknowledge our-as sin, therefore Forgive us-as’.
قَالَ اللَّهُ لَهُمَا اهْبِطَا مِنْ سَمَاوَاتِي إِلَى الْأَرْضِ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُجَاوِرُنِي فِي جَنَّتِي عَاصٍ وَ لَا فِي سَمَاوَاتِي
Allah-azwj Said to them-as: “Get down from My-azwj sky to the earth, for no disobedient one will be in My-azwj Vicinity in My-azwj Paradise, nor in My-azwj sky!
ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ آدَمَ لَمَّا أَكَلَ مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ ذَكَرَ مَا نَهَاهُ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا فَنَدِمَ فَذَهَبَ لِيَتَنَحَّى مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ فَأَخَذَتِ الشَّجَرَةُ بِرَأْسِهِ فَجَرَّتْهُ إِلَيْهَا وَ قَالَتْ لَهُ أَ فَلَا كَانَ فِرَارٌ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَأْكُلَ مِنِّي
Then Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘When Adam-as ate from the tree, he-as remembered what Allah-azwj had Forbidden him-as from, so he-as regretted and went to isolate himself-as from the tree. But the tree seized him-as by his-as head and said to him-as, ‘Why did you-as not flee from me before you-as ate from me?[45]
46- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ فَبَدَتْ لَهُما سَوْآتُهُما قَالَ كَانَتْ سَوْآتُهُمَا لَا تَبْدُو لَهُمَا فَبَدَتْ يَعْنِي كَانَتْ مِنْ دَاخِلٍ
‘Tafseer Al-Ayyashi’ – From one of our companions,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj: ‘and their evil inclinations were manifested to them [20:121], he-asws said: ‘Their-as evil inclinations were not manifested to them-as, then appeared – meaning it was from the inside (inner feelings).[46]
47- م، تفسير الإمام عليه السلام قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ قُلْنا يا آدَمُ اسْكُنْ أَنْتَ وَ زَوْجُكَ الْجَنَّةَ وَ كُلا مِنْها رَغَداً حَيْثُ شِئْتُما وَ لا تَقْرَبا هذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ فَتَكُونا مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ
‘Tafseer of the Imam (Hassan Al-Askari-asws) – The Words of the Mighty and Majestic: And We said: “O Adam! You and your wife dwell in the Garden and eat from it a plenteous (food) wherever you two wish to and do not approach this tree, for then you will become of the unjust”. [2:35]
فَأَزَلَّهُمَا الشَّيْطانُ عَنْها فَأَخْرَجَهُما مِمَّا كانا فِيهِ وَ قُلْنَا اهْبِطُوا بَعْضُكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ وَ لَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُسْتَقَرٌّ وَ مَتاعٌ إِلى حِينٍ
But the Satan had them removed from it and exited from what they used to be in; and We said: “Go down, some of you being the enemies of others! And there is for you in the earth an abode and a provision for a while”. [2:36]
فَتَلَقَّى آدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ كَلِماتٍ فَتابَ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّهُ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ
Then Adam received (certain) Words from his Lord, so He Turned to him (Mercifully); surely He is Oft-Turning, the Merciful [2:37].
قُلْنَا اهْبِطُوا مِنْها جَمِيعاً فَإِمَّا يَأْتِيَنَّكُمْ مِنِّي هُدىً فَمَنْ تَبِعَ هُدايَ فَلا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ لا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ
We said: “Go down from it altogether; and when there comes to you a Guidance from Me, so the ones who follow My Guidance, there shall be no fear upon them, nor shall they be grieving”. [2:38]
وَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَ كَذَّبُوا بِآياتِنا أُولئِكَ أَصْحابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيها خالِدُونَ
And those who are disbelieving and belying our Signs they are the inmates of the Fire, they would be abiding in it eternally [2:39]
قَالَ الْإِمَامُ ع وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَمَّا لَعَنَ إِبْلِيسَ بِإِبَائِهِ وَ أَكْرَمَ الْمَلَائِكَةَ لِسُجُودِهَا لآِدَمَ وَ طَاعَتِهِمْ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَمَرَ بِآدَمَ وَ حَوَّاءَ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَ قَالَ يا آدَمُ اسْكُنْ أَنْتَ وَ زَوْجُكَ الْجَنَّةَ وَ كُلا مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ رَغَداً وَاسِعاً- حَيْثُ شِئْتُما بِلَا تَعَبٍ-
The Imam (Hassan Al-Askari-asws) said: ‘When Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Cursed Iblees-la for his refusal and Honoured the Angels for their Sajdah to Adam-as and their obedience to Allah-azwj, the Mighty and Majestic Commanded Adam-as and Eve-as to go to the Garden and Said And We said: O Adam! You and your wife dwell in the Garden and eat from it from the Garden a plenteous (food) Wide variety wherever you two wish to, without tiredness.
وَ لا تَقْرَبا هذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ شَجَرَةَ الْعِلْمِ شَجَرَةَ عِلْمِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ آثَرَهُمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِهِ دُونَ سَائِرِ خَلْقِهِ
The tree which Allah-azwj Prohibited them from was the tree of the knowledge of Muhammad-saww: – and do not approach this tree. The tree of knowledge – The tree of knowledge of Muhammad-saww and his-saww Progeny-asws which Allah-azwj had kept it exclusively for them-asws besides the rest His-azwj creatures.
فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى- وَ لا تَقْرَبا هذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ شَجَرَةَ الْعِلْمِ فَإِنَّهَا لِمُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ خَاصَّةً دُونَ غَيْرِهِمْ لَا يَتَنَاوَلُ مِنْهَا بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ إِلَّا هُمْ وَ مِنْهَا مَا كَانَ يَتَنَاوَلُهُ النَّبِيٌّ ص وَ عَلِيٌّ- وَ فَاطِمَةُ وَ الْحَسَنُ وَ الْحُسَيْنُ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ أَجْمَعِينَ بَعْدَ إِطْعَامِهِمُ الْمِسْكِينَ وَ الْيَتِيمَ وَ الْأَسِيرَ حَتَّى لَمْ يُحِسُّوا بَعْدُ بِجُوعٍ وَ لَا عَطَشٍ وَ لَا تَعَبٍ وَ لَا نَصَبٍ
Allah-azwj the Exalted Said: and do not approach this tree – the tree of knowledge, as it is for Muhammad-saww and his-saww Progeny-asws in particular, besides the others, nobody can take from this by the Command of Allah-azwj except for them-asws. And there had taken from it, the Prophet-saww and Ali-asws and (Syeda) Fatima-asws and Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws Salawat be upon all of them-asws after their-asws feeding the poor and the orphan and the captive until they were never bothered with hunger any more nor thirst nor fatigue nor difficulty.
وَ هِيَ شَجَرَةٌ تَمَيَّزَتْ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَشْجَارِ الْجَنَّةِ أَنَّ سَائِرَ أَشْجَارِ الْجَنَّةِ كَانَ كُلُّ نَوْعٍ مِنْهَا يَحْمِلُ نَوْعاً مِنَ الثِّمَارِ وَ الْمَأْكُولِ وَ كَانَتْ هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةُ وَ جِنْسُهَا تَحْمِلُ الْبُرَّ وَ الْعِنَبَ وَ التِّينَ وَ الْعُنَّابَ وَ سَائِرَ أَنْوَاعِ الثِّمَارِ وَ الْفَوَاكِهِ وَ الْأَطْعِمَةِ فَلِذَلِكَ اخْتَلَفَ الْحَاكُونَ بِذِكْرِ الشَّجَرَةِ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ هِيَ بُرَّةٌ وَ قَالَ آخَرُونَ هِيَ عِنَبَةٌ وَ قَالَ آخَرُونَ هِيَ تِينَةٌ وَ قَالَ آخَرُونَ هِيَ عُنَّابَةٌ
This tree is distinguished from between the (other) trees of Paradise. The rest of the trees of Paradise each bear one type of fruit and edibles whilst this tree bears the wheat, and the grapes, and the figs, and the jujube berries, and the rest of the varieties of the fruits and berries and edibles. This is where relaters differed with regards to this tree. So some of them said, ‘It is of wheat’, and the others said, ‘It is of grapes’, and the others said, ‘It is of figs’, and the others said, ‘It is of berries’.
وَ قَالَ اللَّهُ وَ لا تَقْرَبا هذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ تَلْتَمِسَانِ بِذَلِكَ دَرَجَةَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ فِي فَضْلِهِمْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ خَصَّهُمْ بِهَذِهِ الدَّرَجَةِ دُونَ غَيْرِهِمْ وَ هِيَ الشَّجَرَةُ الَّتِي مَنْ تَنَاوَلَ مِنْهَا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ أُلْهِمَ عِلْمَ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَ الْآخِرِينَ مِنْ غَيْرِ تَعَلُّمٍ وَ مَنْ تَنَاوَلَ مِنْهَا بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ اللَّهِ خَابَ مِنْ مُرَادِهِ وَ عَصَى رَبَّهُ-
Allah-azwj the Exalted Said: And do not approach this tree – seeking by that the rank of Muhammad-saww and the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww regarding their merits, for Allah-azwj that Exalted has particularised them with this rank besides the others and this tree is the tree that they-asws eat from by the Permission of Allah-azwj the Almighty, get inspired with the knowledge of the former ones and the latter ones without being taught; and the one who takes from it without the Permission of Allah-azwj would lose from his intended purpose and would have disobeyed his Lord-azwj.
فَتَكُونا مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ بِمَعْصِيَتِكُمَا وَ الْتِمَاسِكُمَا دَرَجَةً قَدْ أُوثِرَ بِهَا غَيْرُكُمَا إِذَا رُمْتُمَا بِغَيْرِ حُكْمِ اللَّهِ
For then you will become of the unjust -by your disobedience and your seeking the rank which has been exclusively allocated for others, just as when you both intend it without the Decision of Allah-azwj.
قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فَأَزَلَّهُمَا الشَّيْطانُ عَنْها عَنِ الْجَنَّةِ بِوَسْوَسَتِهِ وَ خَدِيعَتِهِ وَ إِيهَامِهِ وَ غُرُورِهِ بِأَنْ بَدَأَ بِآدَمَ فَقَالَ- ما نَهاكُما رَبُّكُما عَنْ هذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونا مَلَكَيْنِ إِنْ تَنَاوَلْتُمَا مِنْهَا تَعْلَمَانِ الْغَيْبَ وَ تَقْدِرَانِ عَلَى مَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَيْهِ مَنْ خَصَّهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِالْقُدْرَةِ- أَوْ تَكُونا مِنَ الْخالِدِينَ لَا تَمُوتَانِ أَبَداً-
Allah-azwj Said But the Satan had them removed from it [2:36] from the Garden by his-la whisperings and deceptions and illusions and his-la enmity and his-la ego and he-la began with Adam-as and he-la said: Your Lord has not forbidden you this tree except that you may not both become two Angels [7:20] And if you were to take from it then you will come to have the knowledge of the unseen and have the power of those special ones-asws who have been Endowed with such powers by Allah-azwj the Exalted or that you may become of the immortals not dying, ever!’
وَ قاسَمَهُما حَلَفَ لَهُمَا إِنِّي لَكُما لَمِنَ النَّاصِحِينَ وَ كَانَ إِبْلِيسُ بَيْنَ لَحْيَيِ الْحَيَّةِ أَدْخَلَتْهُ الْجَنَّةَ وَ كَانَ آدَمُ يَظُنُّ أَنَّ الْحَيَّةَ هِيَ الَّتِي تُخَاطِبُهُ وَ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ أَنَّ إِبْلِيسَ قَدِ اخْتَبَأَ بَيْنَ لَحْيَيْهَا
And he swore to them both, takingoath to them-as Most surely, I am a sincere adviser to you [7:21] – the correcting one. And it was so that Iblees-la was in the mouth of a serpent by way of which he-la had entered the Garden, and Adam-as thought that it was the serpent that was talking to him-as, and he-as did not know that it was Iblees-la who was talking from inside the serpent.
فَرَدَّ آدَمُ عَلَى الْحَيَّةِ أَيَّتُهَا الْحَيَّةُ هَذَا مِنْ غُرُورِ إِبْلِيسَ كَيْفَ يَخُونُنَا رَبُّنَا أَمْ كَيْفَ تُعَظِّمِينَ اللَّهَ بِالْقَسَمِ بِهِ وَ أَنْتِ تَنْسُبِينَهُ إِلَى الْخِيَانَةِ وَ سُوءِ النَّظَرِ وَ هُوَ أَكْرَمُ الْأَكْرَمِينَ أَمْ كَيْفَ أَرُومُ التَّوَصُّلَ إِلَى مَا مَنَعَنِي مِنْهُ رَبِّي وَ أَتَعَاطَاهُ بِغَيْرِ حِكْمَةٍ
Adam-as retorted upon the serpent: ‘O you serpent! This is from the deception of Iblees-la may Allah-azwj Curse him-la. How can our Lord-azwj defraud us? How can you-la be revering Allah-azwj by swearing by Him-azwj, and you are linking Him-azwj to the betrayal and the evil thinking, and He-azwj is the most Benevolent of the benevolent ones?’ Why should I-asws incline towards that deed which has been forbidden unto me-as by my-as Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic and wrong Him-azwj without wisdom?’
فَلَمَّا أَيِسَ إِبْلِيسُ مِنْ قَبُولِ آدَمَ مِنْهُ عَادَ ثَانِيَةً بَيْنَ لَحْيَيِ الْحَيَّةِ فَخَاطَبَ حَوَّاءَ مِنْ حَيْثُ يُوهِمُهَا أَنَّ الْحَيَّةَ هِيَ الَّتِي تُخَاطِبُهَا وَ قَالَ يَا حَوَّاءُ أَ رَأَيْتِ هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ الَّتِي كَانَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حَرَّمَهَا عَلَيْكُمَا قَدْ أَحَلَّهَا لَكُمَا بَعْدَ تَحْرِيمِهَا لِمَا عَرَفَ مِنْ حُسْنِ طَاعَتِكُمَا لَهُ وَ تَوْقِيرِكُمَا إِيَّاهُ
When Iblees-la despaired from the acceptance of Adam-as from him-la, he-la returned for the second time to be between the lips of the serpent, and he-la addressed Hawwa-as from where they-as would think that the serpent it is which is addressing them-as, and he-la said, ‘O Hawwa-as! Do you-as see this tree, which Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic had Prohibited upon you-as two? He-azwj has (now) Permitted it to you-as after Prohibiting you-as, due to recognition of the goodly obedience of both of you-as to Him-azwj and your-as reverence to Him-azwj.
وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ الْمُوَكَّلِينَ بِالشَّجَرَةِ الَّتِي مَعَهَا الْحِرَابُ يَدْفَعُونَ عَنْهَا سَائِرَ حَيَوَانَاتِ الْجَنَّةِ لَا يَدْفَعُونَكُمَا عَنْهَا إِنْ رُمْتُمَا فَاعْلَمَا بِذَلِكِ أَنَّهُ قَدْ أُحِلَّ لَكِ وَ أَبْشِرِي بِأَنَّكِ إِنْ تَنَاوَلْتِهَا قَبْلَ آدَمَ كُنْتِ أَنْتِ الْمُسَلَّطَةَ عَلَيْهِ الْآمِرَةَ النَّاهِيَةَ فَوْقَهُ
And that is because the Angles Allocated with the tree – those with whom were weapons to repel the rest of the animals of the Paradise from it – would not be repelling you-as from it, so you-as would know by that, that it is (now) Permissible for you-as; and receive glad tidings that you-as, if you-as were to take it before Adam-as does, you-as would overcome upon him-as. The Order is (now) above its Prohibition’.
فَقَالَتْ حَوَّاءُ سَوْفَ أُجَرِّبُ هَذَا فَرَامَتِ الشَّجَرَةَ فَأَرَادَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ أَنْ يَدْفَعُوهَا عَنْهَا بِحِرَابِهَا
Hawwa-as said: ‘Soon I-as shall be trying this’. She-as approached the tree and the Angels wanted to repel her-as from it by their weapons.
فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهَا أَنَّمَا تَدْفَعُونَ بِحِرَابِكُمْ مَا لَا عَقْلَ لَهُ يَزْجُرُ وَ أَمَّا مَا جَعَلْتُهُ مُمَكَّناً مُمَيِّزاً مُخْتَاراً فَكِلُوهُ إِلَى عَقْلِهِ الَّذِي جَعَلْتُهُ حُجَّةً عَلَيْهِ فَإِنْ أَطَاعَ اسْتَحَقَّ ثَوَابِي وَ إِنْ عَصَى وَ خَالَفَ أَمْرِي اسْتَحَقَّ عِقَابِي وَ جَزَائِي
But, Allah-azwj the Exalted Revealed to them: “But rather you should be repelling with your weapons the one who has no intellect for him, ousting him. But, as for the one Whom I-azwj have Made him with possibilities, discernment, choice, so leave him to his intellect which I-azwj have Made it to be an argument upon him. If he obeys, he would be deserving of My-azwj Rewards, and if he disobeys and opposes My-azwj Command, he would be deserving of My-azwj Punishment and My-azwj Penalty”.
فَتَرَكُوهَا وَ لَمْ يَتَعَرَّضُوا لَهَا بَعْدَ مَا هَمُّوا بِمَنْعِهَا بِحِرَابِهِمْ فَظَنَّتْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ نَهَاهُمْ عَنْ مَنْعِهَا لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ أَحَلَّهَا بَعْدَ مَا حَرَّمَهَا
They left her and did not confront her-as, after having thought of preventing her-as with their weapons. So she-as thought that Allah-azwj had Forbidden them from preventing her-as because He-azwj has Permitted it after having Prohibited it.
فَقَالَتْ صَدَقَتِ الْحَيَّةُ وَ ظَنَّتْ أَنَّ الْمُخَاطِبَ لَهَا هِيَ الْحَيَّةُ فَتَنَاوَلَتْ مِنْهَا وَ لَمْ تُنْكِرْ مِنْ نَفْسِهَا شَيْئاً فَقَالَتْ لآِدَمَ أَ لَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ الشَّجَرَةَ الْمُحَرَّمَةَ عَلَيْنَا قَدْ أُبِيحَتْ لَنَا تَنَاوَلْتُ مِنْهَا وَ لَمْ تَمْنَعِي أَمْلَاكُهَا وَ لَمْ أُنْكِرْ شَيْئاً مِنْ حَالِي
She-as said: ‘The serpent spoke the truth’, and she-as thought that the one who had addressed her-as was the serpent (and not Iblees-la). So, she-as took from it and did not affect anything from herself-as. She-as said to Adam-as: ‘Do you-as know that the tree Prohibited upon us-as has (now) been Permitted to us-as? I-as took from it, and its Angels did not prevent me-as, and it did not affect anything from my-as state’.
فَلِذَلِكَ اغْتَرَّ آدَمُ وَ غَلِطَ فَتَنَاوَلَ فَأَصَابَهُمَا مَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي كِتَابِهِ- فَأَزَلَّهُمَا الشَّيْطانُ عَنْها بِوَسْوَسَتِهِ وَ غُرُورِهِ- فَأَخْرَجَهُما مِمَّا كانا فِيهِ مِنَ النَّعِيمِ
That is when Adam-as got deceived and went wrong. So he-as took and it hit them both-as what Allah-azwj the Exalted Says in His-azwj Book But the Satan had them removed from it and exited [2:36] – by his-la whispering and his-la deception from what they used to be in – from the Bounties.
وَ قُلْنَا يَا آدَمُ وَ يَا حَوَّاءُ وَ يَا أَيُّهَا الْحَيَّةُ وَ يَا إِبْلِيسُ- اهْبِطُوا بَعْضُكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ آدَمُ وَ حَوَّاءُ وَ وُلْدُهُمَا عَدُوٌّ لِلْحَيَّةِ وَ إِبْلِيسَ وَ الْحَيَّةُ وَ أَوْلَادُهُمَا أَعْدَاؤُكُمْ- وَ لَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُسْتَقَرٌّ مَنْزِلٌ وَ مَقَرٌّ لِلْمَعَاشِ- وَ مَتاعٌ مَنْفَعَةٌ إِلى حِينٍ الْمَوْتِ
and We said: O Adam-as, and O Hawwa-as, and O you serpent, and O Iblees-la! Go down, some of you being the enemies of others! – Adam-as and Hawwa-as as enemies of the serpent, and Iblees-la and the serpent and their children as your-as enemies –And there is for you in the earth an abode – a lodging and abode for living and a provision – benefits for a while – death.
قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى- فَتَلَقَّى آدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ كَلِماتٍ يَقُولُهَا فَقَالَهَا- فَتابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ بِهَا إِنَّهُ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ التَّوَّابُ الْقَابِلُ التَّوْبَاتِ الرَّحِيمُ بِالتَّائِبِينَ-
Allah-azwj Said: Then Adam received (certain) Words from his Lord, to be saying these. He-as said these; so He Turned to him (Mercifully) [2:37]. Allah-azwj, due to these words: Surely, He is Oft-Turning, the Merciful – The Forgiver, the Accepter of repentances, the Merciful towards the repentant.
قُلْنَا اهْبِطُوا مِنْها جَمِيعاً كَانَ أَمَرَ فِي الْأَوَّلِ أَنْ يَهْبِطَا وَ فِي الثَّانِي أَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَهْبِطُوا جَمِيعاً لَا يَتَقَدَّمْ أَحَدُهُمُ الْآخَرَ وَ الْهُبُوطُ إِنَّمَا هُوَ هُبُوطُ آدَمَ وَ حَوَّاءَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ وَ هُبُوطُ الْحَيَّةِ أَيْضاً مِنْهَا فَإِنَّهَا كَانَتْ مِنْ أَحْسَنِ دَوَابِّهَا وَ هُبُوطُ إِبْلِيسَ مِنْ حَوَالَيْهَا فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ مُحَرَّماً عَلَيْهِ دُخُولُ الْجَنَّةِ-
We said: Go down from it altogether [2:38] – He-azwj had Commanded formerly that they both-as go down, and during the second, He-azwj Commanded that they all go down, not one of them preceding the other. And the descending, rather, was the descent of Adam-as and Hawwa-as from the Garden, and the descent of the snake as well from it, for it was from the most excellent of its animals, and the descent of Iblees-la from its surroundings, for it was Prohibited unto him-la, the entry into the Paradise.
فَإِمَّا يَأْتِيَنَّكُمْ مِنِّي هُدىً يَأْتِيكُمْ وَ أَوْلَادَكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِكُمْ مِنِّي هُدًى يَا آدَمُ وَ يَا إِبْلِيسُ- فَمَنْ تَبِعَ هُدايَ فَلا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ لا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ لَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ حِينَ يَخَافُ الْمُخَالِفُونَ وَ لَا يَحْزَنُونَ إِذَا يَحْزَنُونَ
And when there comes to you a Guidance from Me – There will be coming to you-as – and to your children from after you-as – A Guidance from Me-azwj. So the ones who follow My Guidance, there shall be no fear upon them, nor shall they be grieving – no fear upon them where they used to fear the adversaries, nor would they be grieving, (like) they used to be grieving (before).
قَالَ فَلَمَّا زَالَتْ مِنْ آدَمَ الْخَطِيئَةُ اعْتَذَرَ إِلَى رَبِّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ قَالَ رَبِّ تُبْ عَلَيَّ وَ اقْبَلْ مَعْذِرَتِي وَ أَعِدْنِي إِلَى مَرْتَبَتِي وَ ارْفَعْ لَدَيْكَ دَرَجَتِي فَلَقَدْ تَبَيَّنَ نَقْصُ الْخَطِيئَةِ وَ ذُلُّهَا فِي أَعْضَائِي وَ سَائِرِ بَدَنِي
He (Imam Hassan Al-Askari-asws) said: ‘When the mistake was committed from Adam-as, and he-as apologised to his-as Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic, said: ‘O Lord-azwj! Turn to Me-as and Accept my-as excuse, and Return me-as to my-as (former) rank, and let my-as level be raised, for the negative effects of the mistake have permeated into my-as body parts and the rest of my-as body’.
قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى يَا آدَمُ أَ مَا تَذْكُرُ أَمْرِي إِيَّاكَ أَنْ تَدْعُوَنِي بِمُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ عِنْدَ شَدَائِدِكَ وَ دَوَاهِيكَ وَ فِي النَّوَازِلِ تَبْهَظُكَ قَالَ آدَمُ يَا رَبِّ بَلَى قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَبِهِمْ وَ بِمُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ فَاطِمَةَ وَ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ خُصُوصاً فَادْعُنِي أُجِبْكَ إِلَى مُلْتَمَسِكَ وَ أَزِدْكَ فَوْقَ مُرَادِكَ
Allah-azwj the Exalted Said: ‘O Adam-as! Do you-as remember my Command to you-as that you-as should supplicate to Me-azwj by Muhammad-saww and his-saww goodly Progeny-asws when during your-as difficulties and your-as afflictions and chaos – which weigh heavily on you-as?’ Adam-as said: ‘O Lord, yes.’ Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said to him-as: “Make intermediaries of Muhammad-saww and Ali-asws and (Syeda) Fatima-asws and Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws especially, supplicate to Me-azwj and I-azwj will Answer you-as to your-as request and Increase for you-as above what you-as intended for.”
فَقَالَ آدَمُ يَا رَبِّ يَا إِلَهِي وَ قَدْ بَلَغَ عِنْدَكَ مِنْ مَحَلِّهِمْ أَنَّكَ بِالتَّوَسُّلِ إِلَيْكَ بِهِمْ تَقْبَلُ تَوْبَتِي وَ تَغْفِرُ خَطِيئَتِي وَ أَنَا الَّذِي أَسْجَدْتَ لَهُ مَلَائِكَتَكَ وَ أَبَحْتَهُ جَنَّتَكَ وَ زَوَّجْتَهُ حَوَّاءَ أَمَتَكَ وَ أَخْدَمْتَهُ كِرَامَ مَلَائِكَتِكَ
Adam-as said: ‘O Lord! O My God-azwj! And It has reached from You-azwj, from their-asws positions that You-azwj, by the Means to You-azwj through them-asws, would be Accepting my-as repentance and Forgive my-as mistake, and I-as am the one to whom the Angels were made to do Sajdah and to whom Your-azwj Garden was Gifted, and Your-azwj maid Hawwa-as was married to (me), and the honourable ones of Your-azwj served to!’
قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى يَا آدَمُ إِنَّمَا أَمَرْتُ الْمَلَائِكَةَ بِتَعْظِيمِكَ بِالسُّجُودِ لَكَ إِذْ كُنْتَ وِعَاءً لِهَذِهِ الْأَنْوَارِ وَ لَوْ كُنْتَ سَأَلْتَنِي بِهِمْ قَبْلَ خَطِيئَتِكَ أَنْ أَعْصِمَكَ مِنْهَا وَ أَنْ أُفَطِّنَكَ لِدَوَاعِي عَدُوِّكَ إِبْلِيسَ حَتَّى تَحْتَرِزَ مِنْهَا لَكُنْتُ قَدْ جَعَلْتُ لَكَ وَ لَكِنَّ الْمَعْلُومَ فِي سَابِقِ عِلْمِي يَجْرِي مُوَافِقاً لِعِلْمِي فَالْآنَ فَادْعُنِي بِهِمْ لِأُجِيبَكَ
Allah-azwj the Exalted Said: “O Adam-as! But rather, I-azwj Commanded the Angels to respect you-as – and by the Sajdah to you-as – because you-as were a receptacle of these lights, and if you-as had asked Me-azwj, by them-asws before your-as commission of the error, I-azwj would have Protected you-as from it and Caused you-as to be more aware of Iblees-la inviting you-as, until you-as would have protected yourself from him-la, I-azwj would have Made that to be for you-as. But it was the Known matter in the precedence of My-azwj Knowledge. It (therefore) transpired in accordance to My-azwj Knowledge. Thus, for now, supplicate to Me-azwj, I-azwj shall Answer you-as”.
فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ آدَمُ اللَّهُمَّ بِجَاهِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ بِجَاهِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ فَاطِمَةَ وَ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ وَ الطَّيِّبِينَ مِنْ آلِهِمْ لَمَّا تَفَضَّلْتَ بِقَبُولِ تَوْبَتِي وَ غُفْرَانِ زَلَّتِي وَ إِعَادَتِي مِنْ كَرَامَتِكَ إِلَى مَرْتَبَتِي
During that, Adam-as said: ‘O Allah-azwj! By the virtue of Muhammad-saww and the goodly Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww! By the virtue of Muhammad-saww, and Ali-asws, and Fatima-asws, and Al-Hassan-asws, and Al-Husayn-asws, and the goodly ones from their-asws Progeny to what You-azwj have Preferred upon me-as, with the Acceptance of my-as repentance, and the Forgiveness of my-as error, and my-as returning from You-azwj Prestige to my-as (former) rank’.
قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَدْ قَبِلْتُ تَوْبَتَكَ وَ أَقْبَلْتُ بِرِضْوَانِي عَلَيْكَ وَ صَرَفْتُ آلَائِي وَ نَعْمَائِي إِلَيْكَ وَ أَعَدْتُكَ إِلَى مَرْتَبَتِكَ مِنْ كَرَامَاتِي وَ وَفَّرْتُ نَصِيبَكَ مِنْ رَحَمَاتِي فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ فَتَلَقَّى آدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ كَلِماتٍ فَتابَ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّهُ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ
Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: “I-azwj have Accepted your-as repentance, and Accepted with My-azwj being Pleased upon you-as, and Diversion of My-azwj Favours and My-azwj Bounties towards you-as, and Return you-as to your-as (former) rank from My-azwj Benevolence, and Preserve your-as share of My-azwj Mercy”. Thus, that is (in) His-azwj Words, the Mighty and Majestic: Then Adam received (certain) Words from his Lord, so He Turned to him (Mercifully); surely He is Oft-Turning, the Merciful [2:37].
ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِلَّذِينَ أَهْبَطَهُمْ مِنْ آدَمَ وَ حَوَّاءَ وَ إِبْلِيسَ وَ الْحَيَّةِ- وَ لَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُسْتَقَرٌّ مُقَامٌ فِيهَا تَعِيشُونَ وَ تَحُثُّكُمْ لَيَالِيهَا وَ أَيَّامُهَا إِلَى السَّعْيِ لِلْآخِرَةِ فَطُوبَى لِمَنْ يَرُوضُهَا لِدَارِ الْبَقَاءِ- وَ مَتاعٌ إِلى حِينٍ لَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مَنْفَعَةٌ إِلَى حِينِ مَوْتِكُمْ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى مِنْهَا يُخْرِجُ زُرُوعَكُمْ وَ ثِمَارَكُمْ وَ بِهَا يُنَزِّهُكُمْ وَ يُنْعِمُكُمْ وَ فِيهَا أَيْضاً بِالْبَلَايَا يَمْتَحِنُكُمْ
Then the Mighty and Majestic Said to those Whom He-azwj had Made to descend – from Adam-as, and Hawwa-as, and Iblees-la – and for you all in there earth, there is a dwelling [7:24] – a place wherein you would be living, and you are being Urged, to be striving for the Hereafter during its nights and its days. Therefore, beatitude is for the one who provides from these for the Remaining House (Hereafter) and a provision for a while [7:24] for you all in the earth, a benefit up to the time of your deaths, because Allah-azwj the Exalted would Bring forth your vegetation and your fruits, and by these He-azwj would be Toiling you and Facilitating you (with bounties), and during these as well, He-azwj would be Trying you with the afflictions.
يُلَذِّذُكُمْ بِنَعِيمِ الدُّنْيَا تَارَةً لِتَذْكُرُوا نَعِيْمَ الْأُخْرَى الْخَالِصَ مِمَّا يُنَغِّصُ نَعِيْمَ الدُّنْيَا وَ يُبْطِلُهُ وَ يُزَهِّدُ فِيهِ وَ يُصَغِّرُهُ وَ يُحَقِّرُهُ
He-azwj would be Letting you derive the pleasures with your bounties at times in order for you to remember the pure Bounties of the Hereafters, from what he can derogate the bounties of the world, and invalidate it, and abstain from it, and belittle it, and consider it irrelevant.
وَ يَمْتَحِنُكُمْ تَارَةً بِبَلَايَا الدُّنْيَا الَّتِي قَدْ تَكُونُ فِي خِلَالِهَا الرَّحَمَاتُ وَ فِي تَضَاعِيفِهَا النِّعَمُ الَّتِي تَدْفَعُ عَنِ الْمُبْتَلَى بِهَا مَكَارِهَ لِيُحَذِّرَكُمْ بِذَلِكَ عَذَابَ الْأَبَدِ الَّذِي لَا يَشُوبُهُ عَافِيَةٌ وَ لَا يَقَعُ فِي تَضَاعِيفِهِ رَاحَةٌ وَ لَا رَحْمَةٌ-
And He-azwj would be Testing you at times with the afflictions of the world – which there would happen to be in these, the Mercies, and bounties in its contents which repel from the afflictions (of the Hereafter) and its abhorrence – in order to stave you with that eternal Punishment which nothing can resemble it, nor would there be occurring during its increment, a rest nor a mercy.
وَ قُلْنَا اهْبِطُوا قَدْ فُسِّرَ
And: We said: “Go down [2:38] – so we-asws have explained (it).
ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَ كَذَّبُوا بِآياتِنا الدَّالَّاتِ عَلَى صِدْقِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَلَى مَا جَاءَ بِهِ مِنْ أَخْبَارِ الْقُرُونِ السَّالِفَةِ وَ عَلَى مَا أَدَّاهُ إِلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ مِنْ ذِكْرِ تَفْضِيلِهِ لِعَلِيٍّ ع وَ آلِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ خَيْرِ الْفَاضِلِينَ وَ الْفَاضِلَاتِ بَعْدَ مُحَمَّدٍ سَيِّدِ الْبَرِيَّاتِ-
Then Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: And those who are disbelieving and belying our Signs [2:39] – the evidence upon the truthfulness of Muhammad-saww upon whatever he-saww came with – from the news of the previous generations, and upon what he-saww deposited to the servants of Allah-azwj from the mentioned of the merits of Ali-asws and his-asws goodly Progeny-asws, the best of the meritorious ones, and the most meritorious after Muhammad-saww, Chief of the righteous ones.
أُولئِكَ الدَّافِعُونَ لِصِدْقِ مُحَمَّدٍ فِي أَنْبَائِهِ وَ الْمُكَذِّبُونَ لَهُ فِي تَصْدِيقِهِ لِأَوْلِيَائِهِ- عَلِيٍّ سَيِّدِ الْأَوْصِيَاءِ وَ الْمُنْتَجَبِينَ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ الطَّاهِرِينَ
They – the rejecters of the truthfulness of Muhammad-saww regarding his-saww news, and the beliers regarding his-saww appointing for his-saww friends, Ali-asws as the chief of the successors-asws, and the chosen ones from his-saww offspring, the goodly, the clean.[47]
48- كا، الكافي عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَمَّا أَصَابَ آدَمُ وَ زَوْجَتُهُ الْحِنْطَةَ أَخْرَجَهُمَا مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ وَ أَهْبَطَهُمَا إِلَى الْأَرْضِ فَأُهْبِطَ آدَمُ عَلَى الصَّفَا وَ أُهْبِطَتْ حَوَّاءُ عَلَى الْمَرْوَةِ وَ إِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ صَفَا لِأَنَّهُ شُقَّ لَهُ مِنِ اسْمِ آدَمَ الْمُصْطَفَى وَ ذَلِكَ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفى آدَمَ وَ نُوحاً وَ سُمِّيَتِ الْمَرْوَةُ مَرْوَةً لِأَنَّهُ شُقَّ لَهَا مِنِ اسْمِ الْمَرْأَةِ
‘Al-Kafi’ – Ali Bin Muhammad, from Salih Bin Abu Hammad, from Al-Husayn Bin Yazeed, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Bin Abu Hamza,
From Abu Ibrahim-asws (7th Imam-asws), from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, when Adam-as and his-as wife attained from the wheat, Exited both of them-as from the Paradise, and Caused them to descend to the earth. Adam-as descended upon Al-Safa-as, and Hawwa-as descended upon Al-Marwa, and rather, Al-Safa was named as ‘Safa; because it was derived for him-as, from the name of Adam-as, the chosen one (Al-Mustafa), and that is due to the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Surely Allah chose Adam and Noah [3:33]. And Al-Marwa was named ‘Marwa’ because it was derived for her-as, from the name ‘Al-Mar’a’ (The woman).
فَقَالَ آدَمُ مَا فُرِّقَ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَهَا إِلَّا لِأَنَّهَا لَا تَحِلُّ لِي وَ لَوْ كَانَتْ تَحِلُّ لِي هَبَطَتْ مَعِي عَلَى الصَّفَا وَ لَكِنَّهَا حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيَّ مِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ وَ فُرِّقَ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَهَا
Adam-as said: ‘There would not have been a separation between me-as and her-as, except that she is not Permissible unto me-as, and had she-as been Permissible unto me-as, she-as would have descended with me-as upon Al-Safa, but she-as is Forbidden unto me-as due to the reason of that, and separation has been effected between me-as and her-as’.
فَمَكَثَ آدَمُ مُعْتَزِلًا حَوَّاءَ فَكَانَ يَأْتِيهَا نَهَاراً فَيَتَحَدَّثُ عِنْدَهَا عَلَى الْمَرْوَةِ فَإِذَا كَانَ اللَّيْلُ وَ خَافَ أَنْ تَغْلِبَهُ نَفْسُهُ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى الصَّفَا فَيَبِيتُ عَلَيْهِ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لآِدَمَ أُنْسٌ غَيْرَهَا وَ لِذَلِكَ سُمِّينَ النِّسَاءَ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّ حَوَّاءَ كَانَتْ أُنْساً لآِدَمَ
Thus, Adam-as remained isolated from Hawwa-as. He-as used to go to her at daytime, discussing with her-as upon Al-Marwa. Whenever it was the night, and he-as feared of being overcome by his-as self (desire), would return to Al-Safa, and he-as would sleep upon it. And, Adam-as did not have a comforter apart from her-as, and due to that, the woman (Al-Nisa) has been named as such, as Hawwa-as was the ‘Ansa’ (comfort) for Adam-as.
لَا يُكَلِّمُهُ اللَّهُ وَ لَا يُرْسِلُ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولًا ثُمَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَنَّ عَلَيْهِ بِالتَّوْبَةِ وَ تَلَقَّاهُ بِكَلِمَاتٍ فَلَمَّا تَكَلَّمَ بِهَا تَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ جَبْرَئِيلَ ع فَقَالَ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا آدَمُ التَّائِبُ مِنْ خَطِيئَتِهِ الصَّابِرُ لِبَلِيَّتِهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَرْسَلَنِي إِلَيْكَ لِأُعَلِّمَكَ الْمَنَاسِكَ الَّتِي تَطْهُرُ بِهَا
Neither did Allah-azwj Spoke to him-as, nor did He-azwj Send a Messenger to him-as. Then, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Favoured upon him-as with the repentance, and Dictated him-as certain words. So when he-as spoke by these, Allah-azwj Turned towards him-as (with Mercy) and Sent Jibraeel-as unto him-as’. He-as said: ‘Greeting be unto you-as, O Adam-as, the repentant one from his-as error, the patient upon his-as tribulation. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Sent me-as to you-as, to teach you-as the rituals through which you-as can be purified.
فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِهِ فَانْطَلَقَ بِهِ إِلَى مَكَانِ الْبَيْتِ وَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ غَمَامَةً فَأَظَلَّتْ مَكَانَ الْبَيْتِ وَ كَانَتِ الْغَمَامَةُ بِحِيَالِ الْبَيْتِ الْمَعْمُورِ فَقَالَ يَا آدَمُ خُطَّ بِرِجْلِكَ حَيْثُ أَظَلَّتْ عَلَيْكَ هَذِهِ الْغَمَامَةُ فَإِنَّهُ سَيُخْرِجُ لَكَ بَيْتاً مِنْ مَهَاةٍ يَكُونُ قِبْلَتَكَ وَ قِبْلَةَ عَقِبِكَ مِنْ بَعْدِكَ
He-as grabbed his-as hand and went with him-as to the place of the House (Kabah), and Allah-azwj Sent down the cloud upon him-as. It shaded the place of the House, and the cloud used to be by the side of the Bayt Al-Ma’mour (The oft-frequented House). He-as said: ‘O Adam-as! Mark with your-as foot where this cloud has shaded upon you-as, for a house of white gem would be extracted for you, becoming your-as Qiblah (direction), and a Qiblah of your-as offspring from after you-as’.
فَفَعَلَ آدَمُ ع وَ أَخْرَجَ اللَّهُ لَهُ تَحْتَ الْغَمَامَةِ بَيْتاً مِنْ مَهَاةٍ وَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ الْحَجَرَ الْأَسْوَدَ فَكَانَ أَشَدَّ بَيَاضاً مِنَ اللَّبَنِ وَ أَضْوَأَ مِنَ الشَّمْسِ وَ إِنَّمَا اسْوَدَّ لِأَنَّ الْمُشْرِكِينَ تَمَسَّحُوا بِهِ فَمِنْ نَجَسِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ اسْوَدَّ الْحَجَرُ وَ أَمَرَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع أَنْ يَسْتَغْفِرَ اللَّهَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ عِنْدَ جَمِيعِ الْمَشَاعِرِ وَ يُخْبِرَهُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَدْ غَفَرَ لَهُ وَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَحْمِلَ حَصَيَاتِ الْجِمَارِ مِنَ الْمُزْدَلِفَةِ
Adam-as did so, and Allah-azwj Brought out a House of white gem for him-as beneath the cloud, and Allah-azwj Sent down the Black Stone, and it used to be intensely whiter than the milk, and more illuminating than the sun. But rather, it turned black because the Polytheists used to wipe with it, thus it is from the filth of the Polytheists, the Stone turned black. And, Jibraeel-as instructed him-as that he-as should seek Forgiveness of Allah-azwj from his-as sins at the entirety of the Signs, and informed him-as that Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic had Forgiven him-asws, and instructed him-as to carry a number of pebbles of stones from Al-Muzdalifa.
فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ مَوْضِعَ الْجِمَارِ تَعَرَّضَ لَهُ إِبْلِيسُ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا آدَمُ أَيْنَ تُرِيدُ فَقَالَ لَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ لَا تُكَلِّمْهُ وَ ارْمِهِ بِسَبْعِ حَصَيَاتٍ وَ كَبِّرْ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصَاةٍ فَفَعَلَ آدَمُ حَتَّى فَرَغَ مِنْ رَمْيِ الْجِمَارِ
When he-as reached the place of the pebbles, Iblees-la appeared to him-as, and he-la said to him-as, ‘O Adam-as! Where are you-asws intending (to go to)?’ Jibraeel-as said to him-as: ‘Do not speak to him-la, and pelt him-la with seven pebbles, and exclaim Takbeer with each pebble’. Adam-as did it, until he-as was free from pelting the stones.
وَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُقَرِّبَ الْقُرْبَانَ وَ هُوَ الْهَدْيُ قَبْلَ رَمْيِ الْجِمَارِ وَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَحْلِقَ رَأْسَهُ تَوَاضُعاً لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَفَعَلَ آدَمُ ذَلِكَ
And he-as instructed him-as that he-as should shave his-as head, in reverence to Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic. Adam-as did that.
ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ بِزِيَارَةِ الْبَيْتِ وَ أَنْ يَطُوفَ بِهِ سَبْعاً وَ أَنْ يَسْعَى بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَ الْمَرْوَةِ أُسْبُوعاً يَبْدَأُ بِالصَّفَا وَ يَخْتِمُ بِالْمَرْوَةِ
Then he-as instructed him-as with the visitation of the House (Kabah), and that he-as should do Tawaaf with it seven (times), and he-as should walk briskly between Al-Safa and Al-Marwa, seven (times), beginning with Al-Safa and ending at Al-Marwa.
ثُمَّ يَطُوفُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أُسْبُوعاً بِالْبَيْتِ وَ هُوَ طَوَافُ النِّسَاءِ لَا يَحِلُّ لِمُحْرِمٍ أَنْ يُبَاضِعَ حَتَّى يَطُوفَ طَوَافَ النِّسَاءِ فَفَعَلَ آدَمُ
Then, after that, he-as did Tawaaf seven (times) by the House (Kabah), and it is the Tawaaf of the wife (Tawaaf Al-Nisa), it not being Permissible for the one in Ihraam that he should approach his wife until he has done the Tawaaf Al-Nisa. Adam-as did so.
فَقَالَ لَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَدْ غَفَرَ ذَنْبَكَ وَ قَبِلَ تَوْبَتَكَ وَ أَحَلَّ لَكَ زَوْجَتَكَ فَانْطَلَقَ آدَمُ وَ قَدْ غُفِرَ لَهُ ذَنْبُهُ وَ قُبِلَتْ مِنْهُ تَوْبَتُهُ وَ حَلَّتْ لَهُ زَوْجَتُهُ
Jibraeel-as said to him-as: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Forgiven your-as sins, and Accepted your-as repentance, and Permitted your-as wife for you-as’. So, Adam-as went, and his-as sins were Forgiven for him-as, and his-as repentance having been Accepted from him-as, and his-as wife having been Permitted unto him-as.[48]
49- كا، الكافي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْمُعَلَّى عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى الْقُمِّيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي قَوْلِهِوَ لَقَدْ عَهِدْنَا إِلَى آدَمَ مِنْ قَبْلُ كَلِمَاتٍ فِي مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ فَاطِمَةَ وَ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ وَ الْأَئِمَّةِ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِمْ فَنَسِيَ هَكَذَا وَ اللَّهِ أُنْزِلَتْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ص
‘Al-Kafi’ – Al-Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moalla Bin Muhammad, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Ubeydullah, from Muhammad Bin Isa, Al Qummy, from Muhammad Bin Suleyman, from Abdullah Bin Sinan,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws regarding His-azwj Words: And We had Given a Covenant to Adam before, words regarding Muhammad, and Ali, and Fatima, and Al-Hassan, and Al-Husayn, and the Imams from their offspring [20:115] – like this, by Allah-azwj, it was Revealed unto Muhammad-saww.[49]
50- كا، الكافي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى وَ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي الْبِلَادِ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بِلَالٍ الْمَكِّيُّ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع طَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ- ثُمَّ صَلَّى فِيمَا بَيْنَ الْبَابِ وَ الْحَجَرِ الْأَسْوَدِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَداً مِنْكُمْ صَلَّى فِي هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ فَقَالَ هَذَا الْمَكَانُ الَّذِي تِيبَ عَلَى آدَمَ فِيهِ
‘Al-Kafi’ – Muhammad Bin Yahya, and someone else, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Abbas Bin Marouf, from Ali Bin Mahziyar, from Al-Husayn Bin Saeed, from Ibrahim Bin Abu Al Balaad who said,
‘Abu Bilal Al-Makky narrated to me saying, ‘I saw Abu Abdullah-asws perform Tawaaf with the House (Kabah), and then Prayed Salat in what is between the Door and the Black Stone, two Cycles’. I said to him, ‘I have not seen any of you Praying in this place?’ He said, ‘That is the place in which Adam-as was Turned to.[50]
51- كا، الكافي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَلَوِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ آدَمَ حَيْثُ حَجَّ مِمَّا حَلَقَ رَأْسَهُ فَقَالَ نَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع بِيَاقُوتَةٍ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ فَأَمَرَّهَا عَلَى رَأْسِهِ فَتَنَاثَرَ شَعْرُهُ
‘Al-Kafi’ – Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Muhammad Al Alawy who said,
‘I asked Abu Ja’far-asws about Adam-as when he-as performed Hajj, what did he-as shave off his-as head with?’ He-asws said: ‘Jibraeel-as descended unto him-as with a sapphire from the Paradise, so he-as brushed it upon his-as head, and his-as hair scattered off.[51]
52- أَقُولُ رَوَى السَّيِّدُ فِي كِتَابِ سَعْدِ السُّعُودِ أَنَّهُ رَأَى فِي صُحُفِ إِدْرِيسَ ع أَمَرَ اللَّهُ الْمَلَائِكَةَ فَحَمَلَتْ آدَمَ وَ زَوْجَتَهُ حَوَّاءَ عَلَى كُرْسِيٍّ مِنْ نُورٍ وَ أَدْخَلُوهُمَا الْجَنَّةَ- فَوُضِعَا فِي وَسَطِ الْفِرْدَوْسِ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ الْمَشْرِقِ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ إِقَامَةِ آدَمَ ع- خَمْسَ سَاعَاتٍ مِنْ نَهَارِ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَ أَكْلِهِ مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ وَ ذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ إِخْرَاجِهِ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ وَ هُبُوطِ آدَمَ بِأَرْضِ الْهِنْدِ عَلَى جَبَلٍ اسْمُهُ بَاسِمٌ عَلَى وَادٍ اسْمُهُ نَهِيلٌ بَيْنَ الدَّهْنَجِ وَ الْمَنْدَلِ بَلَدَيِ الْهِنْدِ وَ هَبَطَتْ حَوَّاءُ بِجُدَّةَ وَ مُعَايَنَةِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ لَهُمَا ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُ لَهُمَا قَدْ بِتُّمَا لَيْلَتَكُمَا هَذِهِ لَا يَعْرِفُ أَحَدُكُمَا مَكَانَ صَاحِبِهِ وَ أَنْتُمَا بِعَيْنِي وَ حِفْظِي أَنَا جَامِعٌ بَيْنَكُمَا فِي عَافِيَةٍ وَ إِنَّ أَفْضَلَ أَوْقَاتِ الْعِبَادِ الْوَقْتُ الَّذِي أَدْخَلْتُكَ وَ زَوْجَتَكَ الْجَنَّةَ عِنْدَ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ فَسَبَّحْتُمَانِي فِيهَا فَكَتَبْتُهَا صَلَاةً وَ سَمَّيْتُهَا لِذَلِكَ الْأُولَى وَ كَانَتْ فِي أَفْضَلِ الْأَيَّامِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ ثُمَّ أَهْبَطْتُكُمَا إِلَى الْأَرْضِ وَقْتَ الْعَصْرِ فَسَبَّحْتُمَانِي فِيهَا فَكَتَبْتُهَا لَكُمَا أَيْضاً صَلَاةً وَ سَمَّيْتُهَا لِذَلِكَ بِصَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ ثُمَّ غَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَصَلَّيْتَ لِي فِيهَا فَسَمَّيْتُهَا صَلَاةَ الْمَغْرِبِ ثُمَّ جَلَسْتَ لِي حِينَ غَابَ الشَّفَقُ فَسَمَّيْتُهَا صَلَاةَ الْعِشَاءِ وَ قَدْ فَرَضْتُ عَلَيْكَ وَ عَلَى نَسْلِكَ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَ لَيْلَةٍ خَمْسِينَ رَكْعَةً فِيهَا مِائَةُ سَجْدَةٍ فَصَلِّهَا يَا آدَمُ أَكْتُبْ لَكَ وَ لِمَنْ صَلَّاهَا مِنْ نَسْلِكَ أَلْفَيْنِ وَ خَمْسَمِائَةِ صَلَاةٍ وَ هَذَا شَهْرُ نَيْسَانَ الْمُبَارَكُ فَصُمْهُ لِي فَصَامَ آدَمُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ نَيْسَانَ وَ ذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ فُطُورِهِ وَ حَدِيثَ حَجِّ آدَمَ ع إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ وَ مَا أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ بِهِ مِنْ بِنَاءِ الْكَعْبَةِ وَ سُؤَالِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ أَنْ يُشْرِكَهَا مَعَهُ وَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ الْأَمْرُ إِلَى اللَّهِ فَشَرَّكَهَا اللَّهُ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ مَعَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَ نَادَتِ الْجِبَالُ يَا آدَمُ اجْعَلْ لَنَا فِي بِنَاءِ قَوَاعِدِ بَيْتِ اللَّهِ نَصِيباً فَقَالَ مَا لِي فِيهِ مِنْ أَمْرٍ الْأَمْرُ إِلَى رَبِّ الْبَيْتِ يُشْرِكُ فِيهِ مَنْ أَحَبَّ فَأَذِنَ اللَّهُ لِلْجِبَالِ بِذَلِكَ فَابْتَدَرَ كُلُّ جَبَلٍ مِنْهَا بِحِجَارَةٍ مِنْهُ وَ كَانَ أَوَّلَ جَبَلٍ شَقَّ بِحِجَارَةٍ مِنْهُ أَبُو قُبَيْسٍ لِقُرْبِهِ مِنْهُ ثُمَّ حِرَاءُ ثُمَّ ثَوْرٌ ثُمَّ ثَبِيرٌ ثُمَّ وَرِقَانُ ثُمَّ حَمُّونُ ثُمَّ صَبْرَارُ ثُمَّ أُحُدٌ ثُمَّ طُورُ سَيْنَاءَ ثُمَّ طُورُ دَيْنَا ثُمَّ لُبْنَانُ ثُمَّ جُودِيُ وَ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ آدَمَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْ كُلِّ جَبَلٍ حَجَراً فَيَضَعَهُ فِي الْأَسَاسِ فَفَعَلَ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ شَرْحَ حَجِّ آدَمَ ع وَ اجْتِمَاعِهِ بِحَوَّاءَ وَ قَبُولِ تَوْبَتِهِمَا وَ حَدِيثِ هَابِيلَ وَ قَابِيلَ وَ أَوْلَادِ آدَمَ وَ أَوْلَادُهُمْ مِائَةٌ وَ عِشْرُونَ بَطْناً فِي سَبْعِمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ مِنْ عُمُرِهِ وَ حَدِيثِ وَصِيَّتِهِ إِلَى شَيْثٍ بَعْدَ قَتْلِ هَابِيلَ
(P.S. – This is not a Hadeeth)[52]
باب 4 كيفية نزول آدم ع من الجنة و حزنه على فراقها و ما جرى بينه و بين إبليس لعنه الله
CHAPTER 4 – MANNER OF THE DESCENT OF ADAM-as FROM THE PARADISE AND HIS-as UPON ITS SEPARATION, AND WHAT FLOWED BETWEEN HIM-as AND IBLEES-la
1- ل، الخصال أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: رَنَّ إِبْلِيسُ أَرْبَعَ رَنَّاتٍ أَوَّلُهُنَّ يَوْمَ لُعِنَ وَ حِينَ أُهْبِطَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ وَ حِينَ بُعِثَ مُحَمَّدٌ ص عَلَى حِينِ فَتْرَةٍ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ وَ حِينَ أُنْزِلَتْ أُمُّ الْكِتَابِ وَ نَخَرَ نَخْرَتَيْنِ حِينَ أَكَلَ آدَمُ مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ وَ حِينَ أُهْبِطَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ
‘Al Khisaal’ – From Sa’ad, from Ibn Isa, from Ibn Fazal, from Ali Bin Aqaba, from one of our companions,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Iblees-la shrieked with four shrieks – The first of these on the day he-la was Cursed, and when he-la descended to the earth, and when Allah-azwj Sent Muhammad-saww upon an interval from the Rasools-as, and when the Mother of the Book was Revealed; and sneered two snorts – when Adam-as ate from the tree, and when he-as descended from the Paradise.[53]
2- ع، علل الشرائع ابْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الْحَفَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ الْبَحْرَانِيِّ يَرْفَعُهُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: الْبَكَّاءُونَ خَمْسَةٌ- آدَمُ وَ يَعْقُوبُ وَ يُوسُفُ وَ فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع فَأَمَّا آدَمُ فَبَكَى عَلَى الْجَنَّةِ حَتَّى صَارَ فِي خَدَّيْهِ أَمْثَالُ الْأَوْدِيَةِ الْخَبَرَ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Hafar, from Ibn Marouf, from Muhammad Bin Sahl Al Bahrany, raising it to,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The crying ones are five – Adam-as, and Yaqoub-as, and Yusuf-as and (Syeda) Fatima-asws Bint Muhammad-saww, and Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws. As for Adam-as, he-as cried upon the Paradise until there became in his-as cheeks like the valleys’ – the Hadeeth’.[54]
3- ع، علل الشرائع قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَهْبَطَ اللَّهُ آدَمَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَ سَيَجِيءُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ فِي فَضَائِلِ الْجُمُعَةِ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj Sent Adam-as down to the earth on the day of Friday.[55]
4- ع، علل الشرائع أَبِي وَ ابْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ وَ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ مَعاً عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: لَمَّا أَهْبَطَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ آدَمَ ع مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ أُهْبِطَ مَعَهُ عِشْرُونَ وَ مِائَةُ قَضِيبٍ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعُونَ مَا يُؤْكَلُ دَاخِلُهَا وَ خَارِجُهَا وَ أَرْبَعُونَ مِنْهَا مَا يُؤْكَلُ دَاخِلُهَا وَ يُرْمَى بِخَارِجِهَا وَ أَرْبَعُونَ مِنْهَا مَا يُؤْكَلُ خَارِجُهَا وَ يُرْمَى بِدَاخِلِهَا وَ غِرَارَةٌ فِيهَا بَذْرُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – My father, and Ibn Al Waleed, from Sa’ad and Al Humeyr both together, from Ibn Isa, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from the one who mentioned it,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Descended Adam-as from the Paradise, one hundred and twenty sticks were sent down with him-as – from these forty were what its interior and its exterior could be eaten, and forty from these were what its interior could be eaten and its exterior to be thrown away, and forty from these were what its exterior could be eaten and its interior to be thrown away, and a granary wherein were seeds of all things to be sown.[56]
5- ع، علل الشرائع ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام أَبِي عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ الزُّرَارِيِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ عَنِ الْبَزَنْطِيِّ عَنِ الرِّضَا ع قَالَ: قُلْتُ كَيْفَ كَانَ أَوَّلُ الطِّيبِ فَقَالَ لِي مَا يَقُولُ مَنْ قِبَلَكُمْ فِيهِ قُلْتُ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ آدَمَ لَمَّا هَبَطَ بِأَرْضِ الْهِنْدِ فَبَكَى عَلَى الْجَنَّةِ سَالَتْ دُمُوعُهُ فَصَارَتْ عُرُوقاً فِي الْأَرْضِ فَصَارَتْ طِيباً
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’, ‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’ – My father, from Ali Bin Suleyman Al Zarary, from Ibn Abu Al Khatab, from Al Bazanty,
‘From Al-Reza-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘What was the first perfume?’ He-asws said to me: ‘What are they saying, the ones before you, regarding it?’ I said, ‘They are saying, ‘When Adam-as came down in the land of India, he-as cried upon the Paradise, his-as tears flowed and became roots in the ground, and became perfume’.
فَقَالَ ع لَيْسَ كَمَا يَقُولُونَ وَ لَكِنْ حَوَّاءُ كَانَتْ تُغَلِّفُ قُرُونَهَا مِنْ أَطْرَافِ شَجَرَةِ الْجَنَّةِ فَلَمَّا هَبَطَتْ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ وَ بُلِيَتْ بِالْمَعْصِيَةِ رَأَتِ الْحَيْضَ فَأُمِرَتْ بِالْغُسْلِ فَنَقَضَتْ قُرُونَهَا فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ رِيحاً طَارَتْ بِهِ وَ خَفَضَتْهُ فَذَرَتْ حَيْثُ شَاءَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الطِّيبُ
He-asws said: ‘It isn’t as they are saying, but Hawwa-as used to wrap her-as hair from the ends of the trees of the Paradise. When she-as came down to the earth and was Tried by the disobedience, she-as saw the menstruation. She-as was instructed with the washing and unravelled her-as hair. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Sent a breeze which flew with it and lowered it and sprinkled wherever Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic so Desired. From that is the perfume.[57]
6- ع، علل الشرائع أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ وَ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي الدَّيْلَمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: سُمِّيَ الصَّفَا صَفَا لِأَنَّ الْمُصْطَفَى آدَمَ هَبَطَ عَلَيْهِ فَقُطِعَ لِلْجَبَلِ اسْمٌ مِنِ اسْمِ آدَمَ عَلَى نَبِيِّنَا وَ آلِهِ وَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفى آدَمَ وَ نُوحاً وَ هَبَطَتْ حَوَّاءُ عَلَى الْمَرْوَةِ وَ إِنَّمَا سُمِّيَتِ الْمَرْوَةُ مَرْوَةً لِأَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ هَبَطَتْ عَلَيْهَا فَقُطِعَ لِلْجَبَلِ اسْمٌ مِنِ اسْمِ الْمَرْأَةِ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – My father, from Sa’ad, from Al Barqy, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Ismail Bin Jabid, and Abdul Kareem Bin Amro, from Abdul Hameed Bin Abu Al Daylam,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Al-Safa is named ‘Safa’ because ‘Al-Mustafa’ (the Chosen one) Adam-as descended upon it. It was derived for the mountain, a name from the names of Adam-as, greetings be upon our Prophet-as. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: Surely Allah chose Adam and Noah [3:33]. And Hawwa-as descended upon Al-Marwa, and rather Al-Marwa was named as ‘Marwa’ because ‘Al Marat’ (the woman) descended upon it. It was derived for the mountain a name from the names of the woman.[58]
7- ع، علل الشرائع أَبِي عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْقَمَّاطِ عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع هَلْ تَدْرِي مَا كَانَ الْحَجَرُ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ كَانَ مَلَكاً عَظِيماً مِنْ عُظَمَاءِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَلَمَّا أَخَذَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ الْمِيثَاقَ كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ آمَنَ بِهِ وَ أَقَرَّ ذَلِكَ الْمَلَكُ فَاتَّخَذَهُ اللَّهُ أَمِيناً عَلَى جَمِيعِ خَلْقِهِ فَأَلْقَمَهُ الْمِيثَاقَ وَ أَوْدَعَهُ عِنْدَهُ وَ اسْتَعْبَدَ الْخَلْقَ أَنْ يُجَدِّدُوا عِنْدَهُ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ الْإِقْرَارَ بِالْمِيثَاقِ وَ الْعَهْدِ الَّذِي أَخَذَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – My father, from Muhammad Al Atar, from Al Ash’ary, from Musa Bin Umar, from Ibn Sinan, from Abu Saeed Al Qamaat, from bakeyr Bin Ayn who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said to me: ‘Do you know what was Al-Hajr (The Black Stone)?’ I said, ‘No’. He-asws said: ‘It was a magnificent Angel from the Magnificent Angels in the Presence of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic. When Allah-azwj Took the Covenant from the Angels, he was the first one to believe in Him-azwj and that Angel accepted, so Allah-azwj Took him-as as a trustee upon the entirety of His-azwj creatures. He swallowed the Covenant and it is deposited with him, and the people are enslaved that they would be renewing with him during every year, the acceptance with the Covenant and the Pact which Allah-azwj Took upon them.
ثُمَّ جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ مَعَ آدَمَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ يَذْكُرُ الْمِيثَاقَ وَ يُجَدِّدُ عِنْدَهُ الْإِقْرَارَ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ فَلَمَّا عَصَى آدَمُ فَأُخْرِجَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ أَنْسَاهُ اللَّهُ الْعَهْدَ وَ الْمِيثَاقَ الَّذِي أَخَذَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ عَلَى وُلْدِهِ لِمُحَمَّدٍ وَ وَصِيِّهِ وَ جَعَلَهُ بَاهِتاً حَيْرَاناً
Then Allah-azwj Made him to be with Adam-as in the Paradise, reminding him-as of the Covenant and he-as would renew the acceptance with him during every year. When Adam-as disobeyed, he-as was expelled from the Paradise, Allah-azwj Made him-as forget the Pact and the Covenant which Allah-azwj had Taken upon him-as and upon his-as children for Muhammad-saww and his-saww successor-asws, and Made him-as dull, indistinct.
فَلَمَّا تَابَ عَلَى آدَمَ حَوَّلَ ذَلِكَ الْمَلَكَ فِي صُورَةِ دُرَّةٍ بَيْضَاءَ فَرَمَاهُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ إِلَى آدَمَ وَ هُوَ بِأَرْضِ الْهِنْدِ فَلَمَّا رَآهُ أَنِسَ إِلَيْهِ وَ هُوَ لَا يَعْرِفُهُ بِأَكْثَرَ مِنْ أَنَّهُ جَوْهَرَةٌ
When He-azwj Turned to Adam-as, Transformed that Angel into an image of a white gem and Threw it from the Paradise to Adam-as while he-as was in the land of India. When he-as saw it, he-as was inclined to it and he-as did not recognise it with any more than that it was a gem.
فَأَنْطَقَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَقَالَ يَا آدَمُ أَ تَعْرِفُنِي قَالَ لَا قَالَ أَجَلْ اسْتَحْوَذَ عَلَيْكَ الشَّيْطَانُ فَأَنْسَاكَ ذِكْرَ رَبِّكَ وَ تَحَوَّلَ إِلَى الصُّورَةِ الَّتِي كَانَ بِهَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ مَعَ آدَمَ فَقَالَ لآِدَمَ أَيْنَ الْعَهْدُ وَ الْمِيثَاقُ فَوَثَبَ إِلَيْهِ آدَمُ وَ ذَكَرَ الْمِيثَاقَ وَ بَكَى وَ خَضَعَ لَهُ وَ قَبَّلَهُ وَ جَدَّدَ الْإِقْرَارَ بِالْعَهْدِ وَ الْمِيثَاقِ
Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Made it speak, and it said, ‘O Adam-as! Do you-as recognise me?’ He-as said: ‘No’. It said, ‘Yes, the Satan-la carried you-as upon forgetting the Zikr of your-as Lord-azwj’, and it transformed (back) to the image which it was within the Paradise with Adam-as’. He said to Adam-as, ‘Where is the Pact and the Covenant?’ Adam-as leapt to him and remembered the Covenant and cried, and humbled to him and kissed him, and renewed the acceptance with the Pact and the Covenant.
ثُمَّ حَوَّلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ جَوْهَرَ الْحَجَرِ دُرَّةً بَيْضَاءَ صَافِيَةً تُضِيءُ فَحَمَلَهُ آدَمُ عَلَى عَاتِقِهِ إِجْلَالًا لَهُ وَ تَعْظِيماً فَكَانَ إِذَا أَعْيَا حَمَلَهُ عَنْهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ حَتَّى وَافَى بِهِ مَكَّةَ فَمَا زَالَ يَأْنَسُ بِهِ بِمَكَّةَ وَ يُجَدِّدُ الْإِقْرَارَ لَهُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ وَ لَيْلَةٍ
The Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Transformed the essence of the Stone into a white clear gem, radiant. Adam-as carried it upon his-as shoulder in respect for it and reverence. Whenever he-as was tired, Jibraeel-as carried it on his-as behalf until they came to Makkah. He-as did not cease to be loving it in Makkah and renewing the acceptance to it every day and night.
ثُمَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَمَّا أَهْبَطَ جَبْرَئِيلَ إِلَى أَرْضِهِ وَ بَنَى الْكَعْبَةَ هَبَطَ إِلَى ذَلِكَ الْمَكَانِ بَيْنَ الرُّكْنِ وَ الْبَابِ وَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْمَوْضِعِ تَرَاءَى لآِدَمَ حِينَ أَخَذَ الْمِيثَاقَ وَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْمَوْضِعِ أَلْقَمَ الْمَلَكَ الْمِيثَاقَ فَلِتِلْكَ الْعِلَّةِ وُضِعَ فِي ذَلِكَ الرُّكْنِ وَ نَحَّى آدَمَ مِنْ مَكَانِ الْبَيْتِ إِلَى الصَّفَا وَ حَوَّاءَ إِلَى الْمَرْوَةِ وَ جَعَلَ الْحَجَرَ فِي الرُّكْنِ
Then when Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Sent Jibraeel-as down to His-azwj earth and built the Kabah, he-as descended in that place between the corner and the door (and in that place is the channel of Adam-as where the Covenant was taken), and in that place the Angel swallowed the Covenant. Therefore, due to that reason it is placed in that corner, and Adam-as isolated from the place of the House to Al-Safa and Hawwa-as to Al-Marwa, and made the Stone to be in the corner.
فَكَبَّرَ اللَّهَ وَ هَلَّلَهُ وَ مَجَّدَهُ فَلِذَلِكَ جَرَتِ السُّنَّةُ بِالتَّكْبِيرِ فِي اسْتِقْبَالِ الرُّكْنِ الَّذِي فِيهِ الْحَجَرُ مِنَ الصَّفَا الْخَبَرَ
He-as exclaimed Takbeer of Allah-azwj and Glorified Him-as, therefore due to that the Sunnah flowed with the exclamation of Takbeers in facing the corner in which is the (Black) Stone, from Al-Safa’ – the Hadeeth’.[59]
8- ع، علل الشرائع ابْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَسَّانَ الْوَاسِطِيِّ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: أُهْبِطَ آدَمُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ عَلَى الصَّفَا وَ حَوَّاءُ عَلَى الْمَرْوَةِ وَ قَدْ كَانَ امْتَشَطَتْ فِي الْجَنَّةِ فَلَمَّا صَارَتْ فِي الْأَرْضِ قَالَتْ مَا أَرْجُو مِنَ الْمُشْطِ وَ أَنَا مَسْخُوطٌ عَلَيَّ فَحَلَّتْ مُشْطَتَهَا فَانْتَشَرَ مِنْ مُشْطَتِهَا الْعِطْرُ الَّذِي كَانَ امْتَشَطَتْ بِهِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ فَطَارَتْ بِهِ الرِّيحُ فَأَلْقَتْ أَثَرَهُ فِي الْهِنْدِ فَلِذَلِكَ صَارَ الْعِطْرُ بِالْهِنْدِ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Ali Bin Hasaan Al Wasity, from one of his companions,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Adam-as descended from the Paradise upon Al-Safa, and Hawwa-as upon Al-Marwa and had been combing her-as hair in the Paradise. When she-as came in the earth, she-as said: ‘What can I-as hope from the comb and I-as am such (Allah-azwj) is Wrathful upon me-as?’ She-as chucked her-as comb and the perfume sprinkled from her-as comb, which she-as used to comb with in the Paradise. The wind flew with it and cast its effects accorss India. Therefore, due to that, the perfume came to be in India.[60]
9- وَ فِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ أَنَّهَا حَلَّتْ عَقِيصَتَهَا فَأَرْسَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى مَا كَانَ فِيهَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ الطِّيبِ رِيحاً فَهَبَّتْ بِهِ فِي الْمَشْرِقِ وَ الْمَغْرِبِ
And in another Hadeeth: ‘She-as released her-as entanglement (of her-as hair), and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Sent a wind upon what was in it from that perfume, and it descended in the east and the west.[61]
10- ع، علل الشرائع بِإِسْنَادِ الْعَلَوِيِّ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ص سُئِلَ مِمَّا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الْكَلْبَ قَالَ خَلَقَهُ مِنْ بُزَاقِ إِبْلِيسَ قِيلَ وَ كَيْفَ ذَلِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – By a chain of Al Alawy,
‘From Amir Al-Momineen-asws that the Prophet-as was asked, ‘From what did Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Create the dog?’ He-saww said: ‘From the spittle of Iblees-la’. It was said, ‘And how was that, O Rasool-Allah-saww?’
قَالَ لَمَّا أَهْبَطَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ آدَمَ وَ حَوَّاءَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ أَهْبَطَهُمَا كَالْفَرْخَيْنِ الْمُرْتَعِشَيْنِ فَعَدَا إِبْلِيسُ الْمَلْعُونُ إِلَى السِّبَاعِ وَ كَانُوا قَبْلَ آدَمَ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ إِنَّ طَيْرَيْنِ قَدْ وَقَعَا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ لَمْ يَرَ الرَّاءُونَ أَعْظَمَ مِنْهُمَا تَعَالَوْا فَكُلُوهُمَا فَتَعَادَتِ السِّبَاعُ مَعَهُ وَ جَعَلَ إِبْلِيسُ يَحُثُّهُمْ وَ يَصِيحُ وَ يَعِدُهُمْ بِقُرْبِ الْمَسَافَةِ
He-saww said: ‘When Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Descended Adam-as and Hawwa-as to the earth, they-as came down like frightened chicks. Iblees-la the Accursed ran to the wild animals, and they were in the earth before Adam-as, and said to them, ‘Two birds have fallen from the sky such that the viewers have not seen any bigger than them. Come, eat them’. The wild animal rushed with him-la went on urging them and shouting and counting them with the nearness of the distance.
فَوَقَعَ مِنْ فِيهِ مِنْ عَجَلَةِ كَلَامِهِ بُزَاقٌ فَخَلَقَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْبُزَاقِ كَلْبَيْنِ أَحَدُهُمَا ذَكَرٌ وَ الْآخَرُ أُنْثَى فَقَامَا حَوْلَ آدَمَ وَ حَوَّاءَ الْكَلْبَةُ بِجُدَّةَ وَ الْكَلْبُ بِالْهِنْدِ فَلَمْ يَتْرُكُوا السِّبَاعَ أَنْ يَقْرَبُوهُمَا وَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ الْكَلْبُ عَدُوُّ السَّبُعِ وَ السَّبُعُ عَدُوُّ الْكَلْبِ
Spittle fell from his-la mouth out of hastiness of his-la speech, and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Created two dogs from that spittle – one of them a male and the other a female. They both stood around Adam-as and Hawwa-as – The female dog at Jeddah and the male dog at India. They did not leave the wild animals to come near them-as, and from that day onwards, the dog is an enemy of the wild animals and the wild animals are an enemy to the dog.[62]
11- ع، علل الشرائع ابْنُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَوْحَى إِلَى جَبْرَئِيلَ ع أَنَا اللَّهُ الرَّحْمَنُ الرَّحِيمُ إِنِّي قَدْ رَحِمْتُ آدَمَ وَ حَوَّاءَ لَمَّا اشْتَكَيَا إِلَيَّ مَا شَكَيَا فَاهْبِطْ عَلَيْهِمَا بِخَيْمَةٍ مِنْ خِيَمِ الْجَنَّةِ فَإِنِّي قَدْ رَحِمْتُهُمَا لِبُكَائِهِمَا وَ وَحْشَتِهِمَا وَ وَحْدَتِهِمَا فَاضْرِبِ الْخَيْمَةَ عَلَى النَّزَعَةِ بَيْنَ جِبَالِ مَكَّةَ قَالَ وَ النَّزَعَةُ مَكَانُ الْبَيْتِ وَ قَوَاعِدِهِ الَّتِي رَفَعَتْهَا الْمَلَائِكَةُ قَبْلَ آدَمَ فَهَبَطَ جَبْرَئِيلُ عَلَى آدَمَ ع بِالْخَيْمَةِ عَلَى مِقْدَارِ أَرْكَانِ الْبَيْتِ وَ قَوَاعِدِهِ فَنَصَبَهَا قَالَ وَ أَنْزَلَ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع آدَمَ مِنَ الصَّفَا وَ أَنْزَلَ حَوَّاءَ مِنَ الْمَرْوَةِ وَ جَمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي الْخَيْمَةِ قَالَ وَ كَانَ عَمُودُ الْخَيْمَةِ قَضِيباً مِنْ يَاقُوتٍ أَحْمَرَ فَأَضَاءَ نُورُهُ وَ ضَوْؤُهُ جِبَالَ مَكَّةَ وَ مَا حَوْلَهَا قَالَ فَامْتَدَّ ضَوْءُ الْعَمُودِ فَهُوَ مَوَاضِعُ الْحَرَمِ الْيَوْمَ مِنْ كُلِّ نَاحِيَةٍ مِنْ حَيْثُ بَلَغَ ضَوْؤُهُ قَالَ فَجَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حَرَماً لِحُرْمَةِ الْخَيْمَةِ وَ الْعَمُودِ لِأَنَّهُمَا مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ قَالَ وَ لِذَلِكَ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الْحَسَنَاتِ فِي الْحَرَمِ مُضَاعَفَاتٍ وَ السَّيِّئَاتِ مُضَاعَفَةً قَالَ وَ مُدَّتْ أَطْنَابُ الْخَيْمَةِ حَوْلَهَا فَمُنْتَهَى أَوْتَادِهَا مَا حَوْلَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ قَالَ وَ كَانَتْ أَوْتَادُهَا صَخْراً مِنْ عِقْيَانِ الْجَنَّةِ وَ أَطْنَابُهَا مِنْ ظَفَائِرِ الْأُرْجُوَانِ قَالَ وَ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَى جَبْرَئِيلَ ع اهْبِطْ عَلَى الْخَيْمَةِ بِسَبْعِينَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ يَحْرُسُونَهَا مِنْ مَرَدَةِ الشَّيْطَانِ وَ يُؤْنِسُونَ آدَمَ وَ يَطُوفُونَ حَوْلَ الْخَيْمَةِ تَعْظِيماً لِلْبَيْتِ وَ الْخَيْمَةِ قَالَ فَهَبَطَ بِالْمَلَائِكَةِ فَكَانُوا بِحَضْرَةِ الْخَيْمَةِ يَحْرُسُونَهَا مِنْ مَرَدَةِ الشَّيْطَانِ وَ يَطُوفُونَ حَوْلَ أَرْكَانِ الْبَيْتِ وَ الْخَيْمَةِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ وَ لَيْلَةٍ كَمَا كَانُوا يَطُوفُونَ فِي السَّمَاءِ حَوْلَ الْبَيْتِ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – Ibn Al Mutwakkal, from Al Humeyri, from Ibn Isa, from Ibn Mahboub, from Muhammad Bin Is’haq,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws, from his-asws forefathers that Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed to Jibraeel-as: “I-azwj am Allah-azwj the Beneficent, the Merciful. I-azwj have been Merciful to Adam-as and Hawwa-as when they-as complained to Me-azwj what they-as complained, so I-azwj Sent unto them-as a tent from the tents of the Paradise. I-azwj Showed Mercy to them-as due to their-as wailing, and their-as being frightened, and their-as loneliness, and I-azwj Struck the tent by the channel between the mountains of Makkah”.
قَالَ وَ النَّزَعَةُ مَكَانُ الْبَيْتِ وَ قَوَاعِدِهِ الَّتِي رَفَعَتْهَا الْمَلَائِكَةُ قَبْلَ آدَمَ فَهَبَطَ جَبْرَئِيلُ عَلَى آدَمَ ع بِالْخَيْمَةِ عَلَى مِقْدَارِ أَرْكَانِ الْبَيْتِ وَ قَوَاعِدِهِ فَنَصَبَهَا
He-asws said: ‘And the channel is in place of the House and its foundations which the Angels had raised before Adam-as. Jibraeel-as came down with the tent in accordance to the perimeter of the House and its foundations, and installed it’.
قَالَ وَ أَنْزَلَ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع آدَمَ مِنَ الصَّفَا وَ أَنْزَلَ حَوَّاءَ مِنَ الْمَرْوَةِ وَ جَمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي الْخَيْمَةِ
He-asws said: ‘And Jibraeel-as descended Adam-as on Al-Safa and descended Hawwa-as on Al-Marwa, and gathered between them-as in the tent’.
قَالَ وَ كَانَ عَمُودُ الْخَيْمَةِ قَضِيباً مِنْ يَاقُوتٍ أَحْمَرَ فَأَضَاءَ نُورُهُ وَ ضَوْؤُهُ جِبَالَ مَكَّةَ وَ مَا حَوْلَهَا
He-asws said: ‘And the pillars of the tent were rods of red ruby, and its radiance illuminated the mountains of Makkah and what is around it’.
قَالَ فَامْتَدَّ ضَوْءُ الْعَمُودِ فَهُوَ مَوَاضِعُ الْحَرَمِ الْيَوْمَ مِنْ كُلِّ نَاحِيَةٍ مِنْ حَيْثُ بَلَغَ ضَوْؤُهُ
He-asws said: ‘The illumination of the pillars extended and it is the place of the Sanctuary (Hurrum) today, from every direction from where its illumination reached’.
قَالَ فَجَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حَرَماً لِحُرْمَةِ الْخَيْمَةِ وَ الْعَمُودِ لِأَنَّهُمَا مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Made it a Sanctuary due to the Sanctity of the tent and the pillars, because these were from the Paradise’.
قَالَ وَ لِذَلِكَ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الْحَسَنَاتِ فِي الْحَرَمِ مُضَاعَفَاتٍ وَ السَّيِّئَاتِ مُضَاعَفَةً
He-asws said: ‘And due to that, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Made the good deeds (performed) in the Hurrum to be (counted as) double, and the evil deeds as double’.
قَالَ وَ مُدَّتْ أَطْنَابُ الْخَيْمَةِ حَوْلَهَا فَمُنْتَهَى أَوْتَادِهَا مَا حَوْلَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ
He-asws said: ‘And the wings of the tent were extended around it and its pegs ended up to what is around the Sacred Masjid’.
قَالَ وَ كَانَتْ أَوْتَادُهَا صَخْراً مِنْ عِقْيَانِ الْجَنَّةِ وَ أَطْنَابُهَا مِنْ ظَفَائِرِ الْأُرْجُوَانِ
He-asws said: ‘And its pegs were rocks from the pure gold of the Paradise, and its wings were from the purple material’.
قَالَ وَ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَى جَبْرَئِيلَ ع اهْبِطْ عَلَى الْخَيْمَةِ بِسَبْعِينَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ يَحْرُسُونَهَا مِنْ مَرَدَةِ الشَّيْطَانِ وَ يُؤْنِسُونَ آدَمَ وَ يَطُوفُونَ حَوْلَ الْخَيْمَةِ تَعْظِيماً لِلْبَيْتِ وَ الْخَيْمَةِ
He-asws said: ‘And Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed to Jibraeel-as: “Descend seventy thousand Angels unto the tent to guard it from the renegade Satan-la and comfort Adam-as, and to be performing Tawaaf around the tent in reverence to the House and the tent’.
قَالَ فَهَبَطَ بِالْمَلَائِكَةِ فَكَانُوا بِحَضْرَةِ الْخَيْمَةِ يَحْرُسُونَهَا مِنْ مَرَدَةِ الشَّيْطَانِ وَ يَطُوفُونَ حَوْلَ أَرْكَانِ الْبَيْتِ وَ الْخَيْمَةِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ وَ لَيْلَةٍ كَمَا كَانُوا يَطُوفُونَ فِي السَّمَاءِ حَوْلَ الْبَيْتِ الْمَعْمُورِ
He-asws said: ‘So, he-as descended with the Angels and they presented by the tent guarding it from the renegade Satan-la and circling around the foundation of the House and the tent every day and night just as they were doing Tawaaf in the sky around Bayt Al-Mamour’.
قال: وأركان البيت الحرام في الأرض حيال البيت المعمور الذي في السماء،
He-asws said: ‘And the foundations of the Sacred House in the earth faces Bayt Al-Mamour, which is in the sky’.
قَالَ وَ أَرْكَانُ الْبَيْتِ الْحَرَامِ فِي الْأَرْضِ حِيَالَ الْبَيْتِ الْمَعْمُورِ الَّذِي فِي السَّمَاءِ قَالَ ثُمَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَوْحَى إِلَى جَبْرَئِيلَ ع بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَنِ اهْبِطْ إِلَى آدَمَ وَ حَوَّاءَ فَنَحِّهِمَا عَنْ مَوْضِعِ قَوَاعِدِ بَيْتِي وَ ارْفَعْ قَوَاعِدَ بَيْتِي لِمَلَائِكَتِي وَ لِخَلْقِي مِنْ وُلْدِ آدَمَ فَهَبَطَ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع عَلَى آدَمَ وَ حَوَّاءَ فَأَخْرَجَهُمَا مِنَ الْخَيْمَةِ وَ نَحَّاهُمَا عَنْ نَزَعَةِ الْبَيْتِ وَ نَحَّى الْخَيْمَةَ عَنْ مَوْضِعِ النَّزَعَةِ
He-asws said: ‘Then Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Revealed to Jibraeel-as after that: “Descend to Adam-as and Hawwa-as and move them away from the place of the foundations of My-azwj House, and raise the foundations of My-azwj House for My-azwj Angels and My-azwj people from the children of Adam-as”. Jibraeel-as descended unto Adam-as and Hawwa-as and expelled them-as from the tent and moved them-as away from the channel of the House and removed the tent from the place of the channel’.
قَالَ وَ وَضَعَ آدَمَ عَلَى الصَّفَا وَ حَوَّاءَ عَلَى الْمَرْوَةِ فَقَالَ آدَمُ عَلَى نَبِيِّنَا وَ آلِهِ وَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ أَ بِسَخَطٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ حَوَّلْتَنَا وَ فَرَّقْتَ بَيْنَنَا أَمْ بِرِضًى تَقْدِيراً عَلَيْنَا
He-asws said: ‘And he-as placed Adam-as upon Al-Safa and Hawwa-as upon Al-Marwa. Adam-as said: ‘O Jibraeel-as! Is it due to a Wrath from Allah-azwj the Exalted, Majestic is His-azwj Mention, that you-as are transferring us-as and separated between us-as, or by a Pleasure of the Pre-determination upon us-as?’
فَقَالَ لَهُمَا لَمْ يَكُنْ بِسَخَطٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى ذِكْرُهُ عَلَيْكُمَا وَ لَكِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَا يُسْأَلُ عَمَّا يَفْعَلُ يَا آدَمُ إِنَّ السَّبْعِينَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ الَّذِينَ أَنْزَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ لِيُؤْنِسُوكَ وَ يَطُوفُوا حَوْلَ أَرْكَانِ الْبَيْتِ وَ الْخَيْمَةِ سَأَلُوا اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يَبْنِيَ لَهُمْ مَكَانَ الْخَيْمَةِ بَيْتاً عَلَى مَوَاضِعِ النَّزَعَةِ الْمُبَارَكَةِ حِيَالَ الْبَيْتِ الْمَعْمُورِ فَيَطُوفُونَ حَوْلَهُ كَمَا كَانُوا يَطُوفُونَ فِي السَّمَاءِ حَوْلَ الْبَيْتِ الْمَعْمُورِ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى إِلَيَّ أَنْ أُنَحِّيَكَ وَ أَرْفَعَ الْخَيْمَةَ
He-as said to them-as: ‘It did not happen by a Wrath from Allah-azwj, Exalted is His-azwj Mention, upon you-as, but Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic will not be questioned about what He-azwj Does. O Adam-as! The seventy thousand Angels, those whom Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Descended to the earth to comfort you-as and circle around the foundations of the House and the tent, they asked Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic to Build for them a House in place of the tent upon the place of the Blessed channel, parallel to Bayt Al-Mamour, so they could be doing Tawaaf around it just as they were doing Tawaaf in the sky around Bayt Al-Mamour. So, Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Revealed to me-as to move you-as and raise the tent’.
فَقَالَ آدَمُ ع رَضِينَا بِتَقْدِيرِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ نَافِذِ أَمْرِهِ فِينَا فَرَفَعَ قَوَاعِدَ الْبَيْتِ بِحَجَرٍ مِنَ الصَّفَا وَ حَجَرٍ مِنَ الْمَرْوَةِ وَ حَجَرٍ مِنْ طُورِ سَيْنَاءَ وَ حَجَرٍ مِنْ جَبَلِ السَّلَامِ وَ هُوَ ظَهْرُ الْكُوفَةِ
Adam-as said: ‘We-as are pleased with the Decree of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic and implementation of His-azwj Command regarding us-as’. He-as raised the foundations of the House by a stone from Al-Safa, and a stone from Al-Marwa, and a stone from (Mount) Toor, and a stone from Mount Salaam, and it is at the back of Al-Kufa.
فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَى جَبْرَئِيلَ ع أَنِ ابْنِهِ وَ أَتِمَّهُ فَاقْتَلَعَ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع الْأَحْجَارَ الْأَرْبَعَةَ بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِنْ مَوَاضِعِهَا بِجَنَاحِهِ فَوَضَعَهَا حَيْثُ أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي أَرْكَانِ الْبَيْتِ- عَلَى قَوَاعِدِهِ الَّتِي قَدَّرَهَا الْجَبَّارُ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ وَ نَصَبَ أَعْلَامَهَا
Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed to Jibraeel-as: “Build it and complete it!” Jibraeel-as uprooted the four stones by a Command of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic from their places by his-as wing and placed these where Allah-azwj the Exalted Commanded him-as in the corners of the House upon its foundations which the Compeller, Majestic is His-azwj Majesty had Determined it, and installed its markings.
ثُمَّ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى جَبْرَئِيلَ ابْنِهِ وَ أَتِمَّهُ مِنْ حِجَارَةٍ مِنْ أَبِي قُبَيْسٍ وَ اجْعَلْ لَهُ بَابَيْنِ بَاباً شَرْقاً وَ بَاباً غَرْباً
Then Allah-azwj Revealed to Jibraeel-as: “Build it and complete it by stones from (Mount) Abu Qubays and make two doors for it, an eastern door and a western door”.
قَالَ فَأَتَمَّهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ طَافَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ حَوْلَهُ فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ آدَمُ وَ حَوَّاءُ إِلَى الْمَلَائِكَةِ يَطُوفُونَ حَوْلَ الْبَيْتِ انْطَلَقَا فَطَافَا سَبْعَةَ أَشْوَاطٍ ثُمَّ خَرَجَا يَطْلُبَانِ مَا يَأْكُلَانِ
He-asws said: ‘So, Jibraeel-as completed it. When he-as was free, the Angels did Tawaaf around it. When Adam-as and Hawwa-as looked at the Angels doing Tawaaf around the House, they-as both went and performed Tawaaf of seven circuits, then went out seeking what they-as could be eating.[63]
12- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام ع، علل الشرائع سَأَلَ الشَّامِيُّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع عَنْ أَكْرَمِ وَادٍ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ فَقَالَ لَهُ وَادٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ سَرَنْدِيبُ سَقَطَ فِيهِ آدَمُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ
‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’ – The Syrian asked Amir Al-Momineen-asws about the most prestigious of valleys on the surface of the earth. He-asws said to them: ‘A valley called Sarandeeb. Adam-as fell into it from the sky.[64]
13- ع، علل الشرائع أَبِي عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنْ سَهْلٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ الشَّامِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ آدَمَ ع لَمَّا هَبَطَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ اشْتَهَى مِنْ ثِمَارِهَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِ قَضِيبَيْنِ مِنْ عِنَبٍ فَغَرَسَهُمَا فَلَمَّا أَوْرَقَا وَ أَثْمَرَا وَ بَلَغَا جَاءَ إِبْلِيسُ فَحَاطَ عَلَيْهِمَا حَائِطاً فَقَالَ لَهُ آدَمُ مَا لَكَ يَا مَلْعُونُ فَقَالَ إِبْلِيسُ إِنَّهُمَا لِي
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – My father, from Muhammad Al Attar, from Sahl, from Ibn Mahboub, from Khalid Bin Jareyr, from Abu Al Rabie the Syrian,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When Adam-as descended from the Paradise, he-as was desirous of its fruits, so Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Sent down two twigs of grapes, and he-as planted it. When it sprouted leaves and fruit and matured, Iblees-la built a wall to them-as. Adam-as said to him-la: ‘What is the matter with you-la, O Accursed?’ Iblees-la said, ‘But, these two (plants) are for me-la’.
فَقَالَ كَذَبْتَ فَرَضِيَا بَيْنَهُمَا بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ فَلَمَّا انْتَهَيَا إِلَيْهِ قَصَّ عَلَيْهِ آدَمُ قِصَّتَهُ فَأَخَذَ رُوحُ الْقُدُسِ شَيْئاً مِنْ نَارٍ فَرَمَى بِهَا عَلَيْهِمَا فَالْتَهَبَتْ فِي أَغْصَانِهِمَا حَتَّى ظَنَّ آدَمُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَبْقَ مِنْهُمَا شَيْءٌ إِلَّا احْتَرَقَ وَ ظَنَّ إِبْلِيسُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ
He-as said: ‘You-la are lying!’ They both agreed between them with the Holy Spirit (as a judge). When they ended up to him, Adam-as related his-as story to him, and the Holy Spirit grabbed something from a fire and threw it to them, and it burnt in their branches until Adam-as thought that nothing would remain from it except it would be incinerated, and Iblees-la thought similar to that.
قَالَ فَدَخَلَتِ النَّارُ حَيْثُ دَخَلَتْ وَ قَدْ ذَهَبَ مِنْهُمَا ثُلُثَاهُمَا وَ بَقِيَ الثُّلُثُ فَقَالَ الرُّوحُ أَمَّا مَا ذَهَبَ مِنْهُمَا فَحَظُّ إِبْلِيسَ لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلَكَ يَا آدَمُ
He-asws said: ‘The fire entered where it entered, and two-thirds of these had gone and the third remained. The Spirit said: ‘But, nothing has gone from it except the share of Iblees-la, may Allah-azwj Curse him-la, and whatever remains is for you-as, O Adam-as.[65]
14- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الصَّدُوقِ عَنْ مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ عَنْ عَمِّهِ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنِ الْبَزَنْطِيِّ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ آدَمَ ع لَمَّا هَبَطَ هَبَطَ بِالْهِنْدِ ثُمَّ رُمِيَ إِلَيْهِ بِالْحَجَرِ الْأَسْوَدِ وَ كَانَ يَاقُوتَةً حَمْرَاءَ بِفِنَاءِ الْعَرْشِ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By the chain from Al Sadouq, from majaylawiyah, from his uncle, from Al Barqy, from Al Bazanty, from Aban,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When Adam-as came down, descended in India, then the Black Stone was thrown to him-as, and it was of red ruby in the courtyard of the Throne.
فَلَمَّا رَأَى عَرَفَهُ فَأَكَبَّ عَلَيْهِ وَ قَبَّلَهُ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ بِهِ فَحَمَلَهُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَرُبَّمَا أَعْيَا مِنْ ثِقَلِهِ فَحَمَلَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ عَنْهُ وَ كَانَ إِذَا لَمْ يَأْتِهِ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع اغْتَمَّ وَ حَزِنَ فَشَكَا ذَلِكَ إِلَى جَبْرَئِيلَ فَقَالَ إِذَا وَجَدْتَ شَيْئاً مِنَ الْحُزْنِ فَقُلْ لَا حَوْلَ وَ لَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ
When he-as saw, recognised it, so he-as leapt upon it and kissed it. Then he-as came with it and carried it to Makkah. Sometimes he-as got tired from its weight, so Jibraeel-as carried it on his-as behalf; and when Jibraeel-as did not come to him-as, he-as became gloomy and grieving. They-as complained of that to Jibraeel-as and he-as said: ‘Whenever you-as find something from the grief, then say: ‘There neither Might nor Strength except with Allah-azwj.[66]
15- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الصَّدُوقِ عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ عَنْ عَامِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حِينَ أَهْبَطَ آدَمَ ع مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَحْرُثَ بِيَدِهِ فَيَأْكُلَ مِنْ كَدِّهَا بَعْدَ نَعِيمِ الْجَنَّةِ فَجَعَلَ يَجْأَرُ وَ يَبْكِي عَلَى الْجَنَّةِ مِائَتَيْ سَنَةٍ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ سَجَدَ لِلَّهِ سَجْدَةً فَلَمْ يَرْفَعْ رَأْسَهُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَ لَيَالِيَهَا
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By the chain from Al Sadouq, form Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Ibrahim Bin Hashim, from Amro Bin Usman, from Abu Jameela, from Aamir,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘When Allah-azwj Descended Adam-as from the Paradise, Commanded him-as to plant by his-as hand and eat from its toil after the Bliss of the Paradise. So, he-as went on to beseech loudly and crying upon the Paradise for two hundred years. Then he-as did Sajdah to Allah-azwj with such a Sajdah, he-as did not raise his-as head for three days and its years.[67]
16- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الصَّدُوقِ عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَسَّانَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ عَنْ بَعْضِ مَنْ سَأَلَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مِنَ الطِّيبِ قَالَ إِنَّ آدَمَ وَ حَوَّاءَ حِينَ أُهْبِطَا مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ نَزَلَ آدَمُ عَلَى الصَّفَا وَ حَوَّاءُ عَلَى الْمَرْوَةِ وَ إِنَّ حَوَّاءَ حَلَّتْ قَرْناً مِنْ قُرُونِ رَأْسِهَا فَهَبَّتْ بِهِ الرِّيحُ فَصَارَ بِالْهِنْدِ أَكْثَرُ الطِّيبِ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By the chain from Al Sadouq, from Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Ali Bin Hasaan, from Ali Bin Atiya,
‘From someone who asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the perfume. He-asws said: ‘When Adam-as and Hawwa-as came down from the Paradise, Adam-as descended upon Al-Safa, and Hawwa-as upon Al-Marwa, and Hawwa-as loosened a lock from the locks of her-as head, and the wind descended with it, thus most of the perfume came to be in India.[68]
17- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ إِلَى الصَّدُوقِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ إِلَى وَهْبٍ قَالَ: مَهْبِطُ آدَمَ عَلَى جَبَلٍ فِي شَرْقِيِّ أَرْضِ الْهِنْدِ يُقَالُ لَهُ بَاسِمٌ ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَسِيرَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَطَوَى لَهُ الْأَرْضَ فَصَارَ عَلَى كُلِّ مَفَازَةٍ يَمُرُّ بِهِ خُطْوَةً وَ لَمْ يَقَعْ قَدَمُهُ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ إِلَّا صَارَ عُمْرَاناً
(P.S. – This is not a Hadeeth)[69]
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By the chain to Al Sadouq by his chain to Wahab (Yemeni scholar expert in Judeo-Christian literature) who said, ‘Adam-as came down upon a mountain in the eastern land of India called Basim. Then He-azwj Commanded him-as to travel to Makkah, so the land folded for him-as and every wilderness he-as passed by became a step (for him-as), and his-as feed did not fall in anything from the earth except it became habited.
وَ بَكَى عَلَى الْجَنَّةِ مِائَتَيْ سَنَةٍ فَعَزَّاهُ اللَّهُ بِخَيْمَةٍ مِنْ خِيَامِ الْجَنَّةِ فَوَضَعَهَا لَهُ بِمَكَّةَ فِي مَوْضِعِ الْكَعْبَةِ وَ تِلْكَ الْخَيْمَةُ مِنْ يَاقُوتَةٍ حَمْرَاءَ لَهَا بَابَانِ شَرْقِيٌّ وَ غَرْبِيٌّ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ مَنْظُومَانِ مُعَلَّقٌ فِيهَا ثَلَاثُ قَنَادِيلَ مِنْ تِبْرِ الْجَنَّةِ تَلْتَهِبُ نُوراً وَ نَزَلَ الرُّكْنُ وَ هُوَ يَاقُوتَةٌ بَيْضَاءُ مِنْ يَاقُوتِ الْجَنَّةِ وَ كَانَ كُرْسِيّاً لآِدَمَ ع يَجْلِسُ عَلَيْهِ
And he-as wept upon the Paradise for two hundred years. Allah Consoled him-as with a tent from the tents of Paradise and Placed it for him-as at Makkah in the place of the Kaaba, and that tent was of red ruby. It had two doors of gold for it, an eastern and a western, fashioned from embedded gold. Three lanterns were hung in these made from the pure gold of Paradise, blazing with light, and the Corner (the Black Stone) was brought down, and it was a white ruby from the rubies of Paradise, and there was a chair for Adam-as he-as used to sit upon.
وَ إِنَّ خَيْمَةَ آدَمَ لَمْ تَزَلْ فِي مَكَانِهَا حَتَّى قَبَضَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ثُمَّ رَفَعَهَا اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ وَ بَنَى بَنُو آدَمَ فِي مَوْضِعِهَا بَيْتاً مِنَ الطِّينِ وَ الْحِجَارَةِ وَ لَمْ يَزَلْ مَعْمُوراً وَ أُعْتِقَ مِنَ الْغَرَقِ وَ لَمْ يَخِرَّ بِهِ الْمَاءُ حَتَّى ابْتَعَثَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع
And the tent of Adam-as did not cease to be in its place until Allah-azwj the Exalted Recalled him-as. Then Allah-azwj Raised it to Him-saww, and the sons of Adam-as built a house of clay and stones in its place, and it did not cease to be frequented, and it was liberated from the flood (of Noah-as), and the water did not collapse it until Allah-azwj the Exalted Sent Ibrahim-as’.
18- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ آدَمَ ع كَانَ لَهُ فِي السَّمَاءِ خَلِيلٌ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ فَلَمَّا هَبَطَ آدَمُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ اسْتَوْحَشَ الْمَلَكُ وَ شَكَا إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَ سَأَلَهُ أَنْ يَأْذَنَ لَهُ فَيَهْبِطَ عَلَيْهِ فَأَذِنَ لَهُ فَهَبَطَ عَلَيْهِ فَوَجَدَهُ قَاعِداً فِي قَفْرَةٍ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ فَلَمَّا رَآهُ آدَمُ وَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ وَ صَاحَ صَيْحَةً
‘Tafseer Al-Ayyashi’ – From Zurara,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Adam-as had for him-as a friend from the Angels in the sky. When Adam-as came down from the sky to the earth, the Angel was lonely and complained to Allah-azwj the Exalted and asked Him-azwj to Permit for him to descend unto him-as. He-azwj Permitted for him, and he-as descended to him-as and found him-as seated in a desert from the earth. When Adam-as saw him-as, placed his-as hand upon his-as head and shrieked a shriek.
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَرْوُونَ أَنَّهُ أَسْمَعَ عَامَّةَ الْخَلْقِ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ يَا آدَمُ مَا أَرَاكَ إِلَّا قَدْ عَصَيْتَ رَبَّكَ وَ حَمَلْتَ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ مَا لَا تُطِيقُ أَ تَدْرِي مَا قَالَ اللَّهُ لَنَا فِيكَ فَرَدَدْنَا عَلَيْهِ قَالَ لَا
Abu Abdullah-asws said, and they are reporting that he-asws made the generality of the people to hear: ‘The Angel said to him-as, ‘O Adam-as! I do not see you-as except to have disobeyed your-as Lord-azwj and carried upon yourself-as what you-as cannot tolerate. Do you-as know what Allah-azwj Said to us regarding you-as, and we rebutted upon Him-azwj?’ He-as said: ‘No’.
قَالَ قَالَ إِنِّي جاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً قُلْنَا أَ تَجْعَلُ فِيها مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيها وَ يَسْفِكُ الدِّماءَ فَهُوَ خَلَقَكَ أَنْ تَكُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ يَسْتَقِيمُ أَنْ تَكُونَ فِي السَّمَاءِ
He said, ‘He-azwj Said: And when your Lord said to the Angels: “I am going to Make a Caliph in the earth” [2:30]. We said, ‘Are You going to Make in it one who will make mischief therein and shed the blood, [2:30]. It is your-as creation, would it happen to be more upright in the earth than it happened to be in the sky?’
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ اللَّهُ عَزَّى بِهَا آدَمَ ثَلَاثاً
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘By Allah-azwj! He consoled Adam-as by it, thrice.[70]
19- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ اللَّهَ حِينَ أَهْبَطَ آدَمَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَحْرُثَ بِيَدِهِ فَيَأْكُلَ مِنْ كَدِّهِ بَعْدَ الْجَنَّةِ وَ نَعِيمِهَا فَلَبِثَ يَجْأَرُ وَ يَبْكِي عَلَى الْجَنَّةِ مِائَتَيْ سَنَةٍ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ سَجَدَ لِلَّهِ سَجْدَةً فَلَمْ يَرْفَعْ رَأْسَهُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَ لَيَالِيَهَا
‘Tafseer Al-Ayyashi’ – From Jabir,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘When Allah-azwj Descended Adam-as to the earth, Commanded him-as to plant by his-as hands and eat from its toil after the Paradise and its Bounties. He-as remained beseeching loudly and crying upon the Paradise for two hundred years. Then he-as did Sajdah to Allah-azwj such a Sajdah and did not raise his-as head for three days and nights.
ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيْ رَبِّ أَ لَمْ تَخْلُقْنِي فَقَالَ اللَّهُ قَدْ فَعَلْتُ فَقَالَ أَ لَمْ تَنْفُخْ فِيَّ مِنْ رُوحِكَ قَالَ قَدْ فَعَلْتُ قَالَ أَ لَمْ تُسْكِنِّي جَنَّتَكَ قَالَ قَدْ فَعَلْتُ قَالَ أَ لَمْ تَسْبِقْ لِي رَحْمَتُكَ غَضَبَكَ
Then he-as said: ‘Yes, Lord-azwj, did You-azwj not Create me-as?’ Allah-azwj Said: ‘I-azwj have Done so”. He-as said: ‘Did You-azwj not Blow into me-as from Your-azwj Spirit?’ He-azwj Said: “I-azwj have Done so”. He-as said: ‘Did You-azwj not Settle me-as in Your-azwj Paradise?’ He-azwj Said: “I-azwj have Done so”. He-as said: ‘Didn’t Your-azwj Mercy preceded Your-azwj Wrath to me-as?’
قَالَ اللَّهُ قَدْ فَعَلْتُ فَهَلْ صَبَرْتَ أَوْ شَكَرْتَ قَالَ آدَمُ لا إِلهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ سُبْحانَكَ إِنِّي ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي فَاغْفِرْ لِي إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ فَرَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ بِذَاكَ وَ تَابَ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّهُ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ
Allah-azwj Said: ‘I-azwj have Done so. Were you-as patient or thankful?’ Adam-as said: ‘There is no god except You-azwj. Glory be to You-azwj, I-as was unjust to myself-as, therefore Forgive me-as, You-azwj are the Forgiver, the Merciful’. Allah-azwj Mercied him-as due to that and Turned to him-as. Surely He-azwj is the Oft-Turning, the Merciful.[71]
20- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص قَالَ: كَانَ إِبْلِيسُ أَوَّلَ مَنْ نَاحَ وَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ تَغَنَّى وَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ حَدَا
‘Tafseer Al-Ayyashi’ – From Jabir,
‘From the Prophet-saww having said: ‘Iblees-la was the first one to lament, and the first one to sing, and the first one to be sad’.
قَالَ لَمَّا أَكَلَ آدَمُ مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ تَغَنَّى
He-asws said: ‘When Adam-as ate from the tree, he-la sang’.
قَالَ فَلَمَّا أُهْبِطَ حَدَا بِهِ فَلَمَّا اسْتَقَرَّ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ نَاحَ فَأَذْكَرَهُ مَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ فَقَالَ آدَمُ رَبِّ هَذَا الَّذِي جَعَلْتَ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَهُ الْعَدَاوَةَ لَمْ أَقْوَ عَلَيْهِ وَ أَنَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تُعِنِّي عَلَيْهِ لَمْ أَقْوَ عَلَيْهِ
He-asws said: ‘When he-la descended, he was sad with it. When he-la settled upon the earth, he-la lamented and remembered what was in the Paradise. Adam-as said: ‘Lord-azwj! This enmity which You-azwj Made to be between me-as and him-la, I-as am not strong upon him-as while I-as was in the Paradise, and if You-azwj do not Assist me-as upon him-la, I-as will not be strong upon him-la’.
فَقَالَ اللَّهُ السَّيِّئَةُ بِالسَّيِّئَةِ وَ الْحَسَنَةُ بِعَشْرِ أَمْثَالِهَا إِلَى سَبْعِ مِائَةٍ قَالَ رَبِّ زِدْنِي قَالَ لَا يُولَدُ لَكَ وَلَدٌ إِلَّا جَعَلْتُ مَعَهُ مَلَكاً أَوْ مَلَكَيْنِ يَحْفَظَانِهِ قَالَ رَبِّ زِدْنِي قَالَ التَّوْبَةُ مَفْرُوضَةٌ فِي الْجَسَدِ مَا دَامَ فِيهَا الرُّوحُ قَالَ رَبِّ زِدْنِي قَالَ أَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ وَ لَا أُبَالِي قَالَ حَسْبِي
He-azwj Said: “The (one) evil deed (will be Reckoned) as the (one) evil deed, and the good deed (will be Reckoned) as ten the like of it, up to seven hundred”. He-as said: ‘Lord-azwj! Increase for me-as’. He-azwj Said: “There will not be born any child for you-as except I-azwj will Make and Angel to be with it, or two Angels protecting it”. He-as said: ‘Lord-azwj! Increase for me-as. He-azwj Said: “The repentance will be necessitated in the body for as long as there is the soul in it”. He-as said: ‘Lord-azwj! Increase for me-as’. He-azwj Said: “I-azwj shall Forgive the sins and I-azwj do not Mind”. He-as said: ‘It suffices me-as’.
قَالَ فَقَالَ إِبْلِيسُ رَبِّ هَذَا الَّذِي كَرَّمْتَ عَلَيَّ وَ فَضَّلْتَهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَفَضَّلْ عَلَيَّ لَمْ أَقْوَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ لَا يُولَدُ لَهُ وَلَدٌ إِلَّا وُلِدَ لَكَ وَلَدَانِ قَالَ رَبِّ زِدْنِي قَالَ تَجْرِي مِنْهُ مَجْرَى الدَّمِ فِي الْعُرُوقِ قَالَ رَبِّ زِدْنِي قَالَ تَتَّخِذُ أَنْتَ وَ ذُرِّيَّتُكَ فِي صُدُورِهِمْ مَسَاكِنَ قَالَ رَبِّ زِدْنِي قَالَ تَعِدُهُمْ وَ تُمَنِّيهِمْ وَ ما يَعِدُهُمُ الشَّيْطانُ إِلَّا غُرُوراً
He-asws said: ‘So, Iblees-la said, ‘Lord-azwj! This, which You-azwj Honoured upon me-la and merited it, and if You-azwj do not merit upon me-la I-la would not be strong upon him-as’. He-azwj Said: “No child would be born to him-as except and two would be born for you-la”. He-la said, ‘Lord-azwj! Increase for me-la’. He-azwj Said: “You-la will flow from him-as the flow of blood in the veins”. He-la said, ‘Lord-azwj! Increase for me-as’. He-azwj Said: “You-la and your-la offspring shall take dwellings in their chests”. He-la said, ‘Lord-azwj! Increase for me-la’. He-azwj Said: “You-la will promise them and arouse their desires”. and the Satan does not promise them except to deceive [4:120].[72]
21- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: مَا بَكَى أَحَدٌ بُكَاءَ ثَلَاثَةٍ آدَمَ وَ يُوسُفَ وَ دَاوُدَ فَقُلْتُ مَا بَلَغَ مِنْ بُكَائِهِمْ فَقَالَ أَمَّا آدَمُ فَبَكَى حِينَ أُخْرِجَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ وَ كَانَ رَأْسُهُ فِي بَابٍ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ السَّمَاءِ فَبَكَى حَتَّى تَأَذَّى بِهِ أَهْلُ السَّمَاءِ فَشَكَوْا ذَلِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ فَحَطَّ مِنْ قَامَتِهِ
‘Tafseer Al-Ayyashi’ – From Hisham Bin Salim,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘No one has cried the crying of three – Adam-as, and Yusuf-as, and Dawood-as’. I said to him-asws, ‘What reached from their-as crying?’ He-asws said: ‘As for Adam-as, he-as cried when he-as was expelled from Paradise, and his-as head was in a door from the doors for the sky. He-as cried until the people of the sky were hurt by it, and they complained of that to Allah-azwj, and he-as was reduced from his-as stature’.
وَ أَمَّا دَاوُدُ فَإِنَّهُ بَكَى حَتَّى هَاجَ الْعُشْبُ مِنْ دُمُوعِهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَيَزْفِرُ الزَّفْرَةَ فَيُحْرِقُ مَا نَبَتَ مِنْ دُمُوعِهِ وَ أَمَّا يُوسُفُ فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ يَبْكِي عَلَى أَبِيهِ يَعْقُوبَ وَ هُوَ فِي السِّجْنِ فَتَأَذَّى بِهِ أَهْلُ السِّجْنِ فَصَالَحَهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ يَبْكِيَ يَوْماً وَ يَسْكُتَ يَوْماً
And as for Dawood-as, he-as cried until the grass grew from his-as tears (falling on the ground), and if he-as exhaled the exhalation, it burnt whatever had grown from his-as tears. And as for Yusuf-as, he-as cried upon his-as father-as while he-as was in the prison, and the inmates of the prison were hurt by it and he-as reconciled with them that he-as would cry one day, and be silent one day.[73]
22- قب، المناقب لابن شهرآشوب عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع قَالَ: كَانَ آدَمُ لَمَّا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَغْشَى حَوَّاءَ خَرَجَ بِهَا مِنَ الْحَرَمِ ثُمَّ كَانَا يَغْتَسِلَانِ وَ يَرْجِعَانِ إِلَى الْحَرَمِ
From Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws having said: ‘When Adam-as wanted to copulate with Hawwa-as, went out with her-as from the Sanctuary (Hurrum), then they-as washed and returned to the Sanctuary.[74]
23- ع، علل الشرائع ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام ابْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع عَنِ الْحَرَمِ وَ أَعْلَامِهِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ آدَمَ ع لَمَّا هَبَطَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ هَبَطَ عَلَى أَبِي قُبَيْسٍ وَ النَّاسُ يَقُولُونَ بِالْهِنْدِ فَشَكَا إِلَى رَبِّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الْوَحْشَةَ وَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَسْمَعُ مَا كَانَ يَسْمَعُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Ibn Marouf, from Safwan Bin Yahya who said,
‘Abu Al-Hassan-asws was asked about the Sanctuary (Hurrum) and its markings, so he-asws said: ‘When Adam-as came down from the Paradise, descended upon (mount) Abu Qubeys – and the people are saying, in India – so, he-as complained to his-as Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic of the loneliness and that he-as could no longer hear what he-as used to listen to in the Paradise.
فَأَهْبَطَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَيْهِ يَاقُوتَةً حَمْرَاءَ فَوُضِعَتْ فِي مَوْضِعِ الْبَيْتِ فَكَانَ يَطُوفُ بِهَا آدَمُ ع وَ كَانَ يَبْلُغُ ضَوْؤُهَا الْأَعْلَامَ فَعُلِّمَتِ الْأَعْلَامُ عَلَى ضَوْئِهَا فَجَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حَرَماً
Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Sent down a red ruby to him-as and it was placed in the place of the House. Adam-as used to do Tawaaf of it and its illumination reached the markings. The markings were marked upon its illumination, and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Made it a Sanctuary.[75]
24- كا، الكافي عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَلِيٍّ الْقَصِيرِ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ أَصْلِ الطِّيبِ مِنْ أَيِّ شَيْءٍ هُوَ فَقَالَ أَيُّ شَيْءٍ يَقُولُ النَّاسُ قُلْتُ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ آدَمَ هَبَطَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ وَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ إِكْلِيلٌ فَقَالَ قَدْ كَانَ وَ اللَّهِ أَشْغَلَ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ إِكْلِيلٌ
‘Al-Kafi’ – A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ja’far Bin Yahya, from Ali Al Qaseyr, from a man,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I asked him-asws about the origination of the perfume, from which thing is it?’ He-asws said: ‘Which thing are the people saying?’ I said, ‘They are alleging that Adam-as descended from the Paradise and upon his-as head was a crown’. He-asws said: ‘He-as was too pre-occupied that there would happen to be a crown upon his-as head’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي إِنَّ حَوَّاءَ امْتَشَطَتْ فِي الْجَنَّةِ بِطِيبٍ مِنْ طِيبِ الْجَنَّةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُوَاقِعَا الْخَطِيئَةَ فَلَمَّا هَبَطَتْ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ حَلَّتْ عِقَصَهَا [عَقِيصَتَهَا خ ل] فَأَرْسَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى مَا كَانَ فِيهَا رِيحاً فَهَبَّتْ بِهِ فِي الْمَشْرِقِ وَ الْمَغْرِبِ فَأَصْلُ الطِّيبِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ
Then he-asws said: ‘Hawwa-as used to comb in the Paradise with a perfume from the perfumes of the Paradise before the occurrence of her-as error. When she-as descended to the earth, she-as loosened her-as hair, so Allah-azwj the High Sent upon what was therein, a wind, so it descended with it in the east and the west. Thus, the origin of the perfume is from that.[76]
25- كا، الكافي عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى لَمَّا أَهْبَطَ آدَمَ ع طَفِقَ يَخْصِفُ مِنْ وَرَقِ الْجَنَّةِ وَ طَارَ عَنْهُ لِبَاسُهُ الَّذِي كَانَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ حَالِ الْجَنَّةِ فَالْتَقَطَ وَرَقَةً فَسَتَرَ بِهَا عَوْرَتَهُ
‘Al-Kafi’ – Ali Bin Muhammad, from Salih Bin Abu Hammad, from Al-Husayn Bin Yazeed, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Bin Abu Hamza,
‘From Ibrahim, from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When Allah-azwj the Exalted Caused Adam-as to descend from the Paradise, he-as started covering himself-as from a leaf of the Paradise, and his-as clothes flew away from him-as, which used to be upon him-as from the garments of the Paradise. He-as cut off a leaf and veiled his-as nakedness with it.
فَلَمَّا هَبَطَ عَبِقَتْ رَائِحَةُ تِلْكَ الْوَرَقَةِ بِالْهِنْدِ بِالنَّبْتِ فَصَارَ فِي الْأَرْضِ مِنْ سَبَبِ تِلْكَ الْوَرَقَةِ الَّتِي عَبِقَتْ بِهَا رَائِحَةُ الْجَنَّةِ فَمِنْ هُنَاكَ الطِّيبُ بِالْهِنْدِ لِأَنَّ الْوَرَقَةَ هَبَّتْ عَلَيْهَا رِيحُ الْجَنُوبِ فَأَدَّتْ رَائِحَتَهَا إِلَى الْمَغْرِبِ لِأَنَّهَا احْتَمَلَتْ رَائِحَةَ الْوَرَقَةِ فِي الْجَوِّ فَلَمَّا رَكَدَتِ الرِّيحُ بِالْهِنْدِ عَبِقَ (عَلِقَ خ ل) بِأَشْجَارِهِمْ وَ نَبْتِهِمْ فَكَانَ أَوَّلُ بَهِيمَةٍ أُرْتِعَتْ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْوَرَقَةِ ظَبْيُ الْمِسْكِ فَمِنْ هُنَاكَ صَارَ الْمِسْكُ فِي سُرَّةِ الظَّبْيِ لِأَنَّهُ جَرَى رَائِحَةُ النَّبْتِ فِي جَسَدِهِ وَ فِي دَمِهِ حَتَّى اجْتَمَعَتْ فِي سُرَّةِ الظَّبْيِ
When he-as descended, the aroma of that leaf remained in India with the vegetation. The perfume came to be on the earth from the cause of that leaf upon which remained the aroma of the Paradise. Thus, from here on the perfume is in India, because upon the leaf fell the south wind, and its aroma led to the west because it carried the aroma of the leaf in the atmosphere. When the wind stagnated in India, it remained in its trees and its vegetation. The first animal which grazed the musk from that leaf was a deer. Thus, from over there the musk came to be in the navel of the deer, flowing with the aroma of the vegetation in its body, and in its blood, gathering in the navel of the deer.[77]
26- كا، الكافي بِالْإِسْنَادِ الْمُتَقَدِّمِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى لَمَّا أَهْبَطَ آدَمَ ع أَمَرَهُ بِالْحَرْثِ وَ الزَّرْعِ وَ طَرَحَ إِلَيْهِ غَرْساً مِنْ غُرُوسِ الْجَنَّةِ فَأَعْطَاهُ النَّخْلَ وَ الْعِنَبَ وَ الزَّيْتُونَ وَ الرُّمَّانَ فَغَرَسَهَا لِتَكُونَ لِعَقِبِهِ وَ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ
‘Al-Kafi’ – By the preceding chain, from Ibrahim,
From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Caused Adam-as to descend, Commanded him-as with the ploughing and the planting and Forwarded to him-as plants from the plants of the Paradise. He-azwj Gave him-as the palm tree, and the grapes, and the olives, and the pomegranate. He-as planted these for it to be for his-as posterity and his-as offspring.
فَأَكَلَ هُوَ مِنْ ثِمَارِهَا فَقَالَ لَهُ إِبْلِيسُ لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ يَا آدَمُ مَا هَذَا الْغَرْسُ الَّذِي لَمْ أَكُنْ أَعْرِفُهُ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَ قَدْ كُنْتُ بِهَا قَبْلَكَ ائْذَنْ لِي آكُلْ مِنْهَا شَيْئاً فَأَبَى أَنْ يُطْعِمَهُ
He-as ate from its fruits, so Iblees-la, may Allah-azwj Curse him-la, said to him-as, ‘O Adam-as! What is this plant which I-la do not happen to recognise in the earth, and I-la was here before you-as, and was not Permitted to eat anything from these?’ Adam-as refused to feed him-la.
فَجَاءَ عِنْدَ آخِرِ عُمُرِ آدَمَ فَقَالَ لِحَوَّاءَ إِنَّهُ قَدْ أَجْهَدَنِي الْجُوعُ وَ الْعَطَشُ فَقَالَتْ لَهُ حَوَّاءُ إِنَّ آدَمَ عَهِدَ إِلَيَّ أَنْ لَا أُطْعِمَكَ شَيْئاً مِنْ هَذَا الْغَرْسِ لِأَنَّهُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ وَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لَكَ أَنْ تَأْكُلَ مِنْهُ
He-la came over at the end of the lifetime of Adam-as and said to Hawwa-as, ‘The hunger and the thirst have exhausted me-la’. Hawwa-as said to him-la: ‘Adam-as has made me-as vow that I-as would not feed you-la anything from these plants because these are from the Paradise, and it is not befitting for you-la that you-la should be eating from it’.
فَقَالَ لَهَا فَاعْصِرِي فِي كَفِّي مِنْهُ شَيْئاً فَأَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ ذَرِينِي أَمَصَّهُ وَ لَا آكُلُهُ فَأَخَذَتْ عُنْقُوداً مِنْ عِنَبٍ فَأَعْطَتْهُ فَمَصَّهُ وَ لَمْ يَأْكُلْ مِنْهُ شَيْئاً لِمَا كَانَتْ حَوَّاءُ قَدْ أَكَّدَتْ عَلَيْهِ فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَ بَعْضُهُ جَذَبَتْهُ حَوَّاءُ مِنْ فِيهِ
He-la said to her-as, ‘Squeeze its juice in my-la palm, something from it’. But she-as refused to him-la. He-la said, ‘Allow me-la to suck from it and I-la will not eat it’. She-as took a cluster of grapes and gave it to him-la. He-la sucked it, and did not eat from it. When Hawwa-as was assured over it, he-la went on to bite it, and Hawwa-as seized it from his-la mouth.
فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَى آدَمَ ع أَنَّ الْعِنَبَ قَدْ مَصَّهُ عَدُوِّي وَ عَدُوُّكَ إِبْلِيسُ لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ وَ قَدْ حَرَّمْتُ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ عَصِيرَةِ الْخَمْرِ مَا خَالَطَهُ نَفَسُ
Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Revealed unto Adam-as: “The grapes have been sucked by My-azwj enemy and your-as enemy Iblees-la, and I-azwj have Prohibited upon you-as from the wine juice what the breath of Iblees-la had been mixed with”.
إِبْلِيسَ فَحُرِّمَتِ الْخَمْرُ لِأَنَّ عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ إِبْلِيسَ مَكَرَ بِحَوَّاءَ حَتَّى مَصَّ الْعِنَبَةَ وَ لَوْ أَكَلَهَا لَحَرُمَتِ الْكَرْمَةُ مِنْ أَوَّلِهَا إِلَى آخِرِهَا وَ جَمِيعُ ثِمَارِهَا وَ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا
Thus, the Prohibition of wine is because Iblees-la the enemy of Allah-azwj had plotted against Hawwa-as until he-la sucked the grapes, and had he-la eaten it, the grapes would have been Prohibited from its beginning to its end, and the entirety of its fruits, and whatever comes out from it’.
ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ قَالَ لِحَوَّاءَ فَلَوْ أَمْصَصْتِنِي شَيْئاً مِنْ هَذَا التَّمْرِ كَمَا أَمْصَصْتِنِي مِنَ الْعِنَبِ فَأَعْطَتْهُ تَمْرَةً فَمَصَّهَا وَ كَانَتِ الْعِنَبَةُ وَ التَّمْرُ أَشَدَّ رَائِحَةً وَ أَزْكَى مِنَ الْمِسْكِ الْأَذْفَرِ وَ أَحْلَى مِنَ الْعَسَلِ فَلَمَّا مَصَّهُمَا عَدُوُّ اللَّهِ ذَهَبَتْ رَائِحَتُهُمَا وَ انْتَقَصَتْ حَلَاوَتُهُمَا
Then he-la said to Hawwa-as, ‘If only you-as would let me-la suck from these dates just as you-as let me-la suck from the grapes’. She-as gave him a date. He-la touched it, and the grapes and the dates used to be more intensely aromatic and pure than the Al-Azfar musk, and sweeter than the honey. When Iblees-la the enemy of Allah-azwj touched it, both their aromas and their sweetness was reduced’.
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع ثُمَّ إِنَّ إِبْلِيسَ الْمَلْعُونَ ذَهَبَ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ آدَمَ ع فَبَالَ فِي أَصْلِ الْكَرْمَةِ وَ النَّخْلَةِ فَجَرَى الْمَاءُ فِي عُودِهِمَا بِبَوْلِ عَدُوِّ اللَّهِ فَمِنْ ثَمَّ يَخْتَمِرُ الْعِنَبُ وَ التَّمْرُ فَحَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى ذُرِّيَّةِ آدَمَ كُلَّ مُسْكِرٍ لِأَنَّ الْمَاءَ جَرَى بِبَوْلِ عَدُوِّ اللَّهِ فِي النَّخْلِ وَ الْعِنَبِ وَ صَارَ كُلُّ مُخْتَمِرٍ خَمْراً لِأَنَّ الْمَاءَ اخْتَمَرَ فِي النَّخْلَةِ وَ الْكَرْمَةِ مِنْ رَائِحَةِ بَوْلِ عَدُوِّ اللَّهِ إِبْلِيسَ لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Then Iblees-la, may Allah-azwj Curse him-la, after the passing away of Adam-as went and urinated in the roots of the grapes and the palm tree. The water flowed upon its veins from the urine of the enemy of Allah-azwj. From then onwards, the grapes and the dates produced wine. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Prohibited upon the offspring of Adam-as, every intoxicant, because the water flowed by the urine of the enemy of Allah-azwj in the palm tree and the grapes, and every fermented is wine, because the water fermented in the palm tree and the grape from the smell of the urine of the enemy of Allah-azwj, Iblees-la, may Allah-azwj Curse him-la.[78]
27- كا، الكافي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي خَدِيجَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: الْعَجْوَةُ أُمُّ التَّمْرِ وَ هِيَ الَّتِي أَنْزَلَهَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لآِدَمَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ
‘Al-Kafi’ – Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Al-Husayn, from Abdul Rahman Bin Abu Hashim, from Abu Khadeeja,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The Ajwa is the mother of the dates, and it is which Allah-azwj the Exalted Sent down to Adam-as from the Paradise.[79]
28- كا، الكافي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَمَّرِ بْنِ خَلَّادٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع قَالَ: كَانَتْ نَخْلَةُ مَرْيَمَ ع الْعَجْوَةَ وَ نَزَلَتْ فِي كَانُونَ وَ نَزَلَ مَعَ آدَمَ ع الْعَتِيقُ وَ الْعَجْوَةُ وَ مِنْهَا تَفَرَّقَ أَنْوَاعُ النَّخْلِ
‘Al-Kafi’ – Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ma’mar Bin Khalid,
‘From Abu Al-Hassan Al-Reza-asws having said: ‘The palm tree of Maryam-as was the Ajwa, and it descended during December’ January, and it came down with Adam-as the Ateeq and the Ajwa, and from these the variety of the palm trees were disseminated.[80]
29- كا، الكافي الْعِدَّةُ عَنْ سَهْلٍ عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ السُّخْتِ عَنْ حَمْدَانَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّيْقَلِ عَنِ الرِّضَا ع قَالَ قَالَ: فِي خَمْسَةٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ مِنْ ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ نُشِرَتِ الرَّحْمَةُ وَ دُحِيَتْ فِيهِ الْأَرْضُ وَ نُصِبَتْ فِيهِ الْكَعْبَةُ وَ هَبَطَ فِيهِ آدَمُ
‘Al-Kafi’ – The number, from Sahl, from Yusuf Bin Al Sakht, from Hamdan bin Al Nazar, from Muhammad Bin Abdullah Al Sayqal,
‘From Al-Reza-asws having said: During the 25th of Zil-Qadah, the Mercy was Deployed, and the ground was spread during it, and the Kabah was established during it, and Adam-as descended during it.[81]
30- كا، الكافي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ هِلَالٍ عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْهَاشِمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: كَانَ مَوْضِعُ الْكَعْبَةِ رَبْوَةً مِنَ الْأَرْضِ بَيْضَاءَ تُضِيءُ كَضَوْءِ الشَّمْسِ وَ الْقَمَرِ حَتَّى قَتَلَ ابْنَا آدَمَ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ فَاسْوَدَّتْ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ آدَمُ رَفَعَ اللَّهُ لَهُ الْأَرْضَ كُلَّهَا حَتَّى رَآهَا
‘Al-Kafi’ – Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Ahmad Bin Hilal, from Isa Bin Abdullah Al Hashimy, from his father,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The place of the Kabah was a mound from the white ground, shining like the shining of the sun and the moon, until the sons of Adam-as, one of them killed his counterpart, it blackened. When Adam-as descended, Allah-azwj Raised all the ground for him-as until he-as saw it’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ هَذِهِ لَكَ كُلُّهَا قَالَ يَا رَبِّ مَا هَذِهِ الْأَرْضُ الْبَيْضَاءُ الْمُنِيرَةُ قَالَ هِيَ أَرْضِي وَ قَدْ جَعَلْتُ عَلَيْكَ أَنْ تَطُوفَ بِهَا كُلَّ يَوْمٍ سَبْعَمِائَةِ طَوَافٍ
Then He-azwj Said: “All this is for you-as!” He-as said: ‘O Lord-azwj! What is this white radiant ground?’ He-azwj Said: “It is My-azwj land, and I-azwj have Made it to be for you-as that you-as should do Tawaaf of it every day, seven hundred Tawaafs.[82]
31- كا، الكافي الْعِدَّةُ عَنْ سَهْلٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ عَنْ مِسْمَعٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: لَمَّا هُبِطَ بِآدَمَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ احْتَاجَ إِلَى الطَّعَامِ وَ الشَّرَابِ فَشَكَا ذَلِكَ إِلَى جَبْرَئِيلَ فَقَالَ لَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ يَا آدَمُ كُنْ حَرَّاثاً قَالَ فَعَلِّمْنِي دُعَاءً
‘Al-Kafi’ – The number, from Sahl, from Ibn Mahboub, from Al hassan Bin Amara, from Masma,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When Adam-as descended to the earth, he-as was needy to the food and the drink. He-as complained of that to Jibraeel-as. Jibraeel-as said to him-as: ‘O Adam-as! Become a farmer’. He-as said: ‘Teach me a supplication’.
قَالَ قُلِ اللَّهُمَّ اكْفِنِي مَئُونَةَ الدُّنْيَا وَ كُلِّ هَوْلٍ دُونَ الْجَنَّةِ وَ أَلْبِسْنِي الْعَافِيَةَ حَتَّى تُهَنِّئَنِي الْمَعِيشَةَ
He-as said: ‘Say: ‘O Allah-azwj! Suffice me-as with the provision of the world, and of every horror before the Paradise, and Clothe me-as the well-being until the livelihood becomes welcoming to me-as.[83]
باب 5 تزويج آدم حواء و كيفية بدء النسل منهما و قصة قابيل و هابيل و سائر أولادهما
CHAPTER 5 – MARRIAGE OF ADAM-as AND HAWWA-as AND THE MANNER OF THE BEGINNING OF THE LINEAGE FROM THEM-as, AND STORY OF QABEEL-la AND HABEEL-as AND THE REST OF THEIR-as CHILDREN
الآيات المائدة وَ اتْلُ عَلَيْهِمْ نَبَأَ ابْنَيْ آدَمَ بِالْحَقِّ إِذْ قَرَّبا قُرْباناً فَتُقُبِّلَ مِنْ أَحَدِهِما وَ لَمْ يُتَقَبَّلْ مِنَ الْآخَرِ قالَ لَأَقْتُلَنَّكَ قالَ إِنَّما يَتَقَبَّلُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْمُتَّقِينَ
The Verses – (Surah) Al Maidah: And relate to them the news of the two sons of Adam with the truth when they both offered an offering, but it was Accepted from one of them and was not Accepted from the other. He (Qabeel) said: ‘I will kill you’. He (Habeel) said: ‘But rather, Allah only Accepts from the pious ones [5:27]
لَئِنْ بَسَطْتَ إِلَيَّ يَدَكَ لِتَقْتُلَنِي ما أَنَا بِباسِطٍ يَدِيَ إِلَيْكَ لِأَقْتُلَكَ إِنِّي أَخافُ اللَّهَ رَبَّ الْعالَمِينَ
If you extend your hand towards me to kill me, I would not extend a hand towards you to kill you. I fear Allah, Lord of the worlds [5:28]
إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ تَبُوءَ بِإِثْمِي وَ إِثْمِكَ فَتَكُونَ مِنْ أَصْحابِ النَّارِ وَ ذلِكَ جَزاءُ الظَّالِمِينَ
I want that you should occupy with my sin (of killing me) and your sin, so you would happen to be from the inmates of the Fire, and that is a Recompense of the unjust’ [5:29]
فَطَوَّعَتْ لَهُ نَفْسُهُ قَتْلَ أَخِيهِ فَقَتَلَهُ فَأَصْبَحَ مِنَ الْخاسِرِينَ
Then his self-facilitated to him killing of his brother, so he killed him; thus he became of the losers [5:30]
فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ غُراباً يَبْحَثُ فِي الْأَرْضِ لِيُرِيَهُ كَيْفَ يُوارِي سَوْأَةَ أَخِيهِ قالَ يا وَيْلَتى أَ عَجَزْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِثْلَ هذَا الْغُرابِ فَأُوارِيَ سَوْأَةَ أَخِي فَأَصْبَحَ مِنَ النَّادِمِينَ
Allah Sent a crow digging in the earth to show him how he should hide the shame of (killing) his brother. He said, ‘O woe be unto me! Am I frustrated from becoming like this crow and cover the shame of (killing) my brother?’ Thus he became of the remorseful ones [5:31].
1- ع، علل الشرائع ابْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ وَ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ مَعاً عَنِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنِ ابْنِ نويه [تَوْبَةَ] عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع كَيْفَ بَدَأَ النَّسْلُ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّةِ آدَمَ ع فَإِنَّ عِنْدَنَا أُنَاساً يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَوْحَى إِلَى آدَمَ ع أَنْ يُزَوِّجَ بَنَاتِهِ مِنْ بَنِيهِ وَ إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْخَلْقَ كُلَّهُمْ أَصْلُهُ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – Ibn Al Waleed, from Ahmad Bin Idrees and Muhammad al Atar both together, from Al Ash’ary, from Ahmad Ibn Al Hassan Bin Fazal, from Ahmad Bin Ibrahim Bin Amar, from Ibn Nuweyh, from Zurara who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws was asked, ‘How did the lineage of Adam-as begin, from the offspring of Adam-as, for the people with us are saying, ‘Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Revealed to Adam-as to marry his-as own daughters to his-as own sons, and that all of these people (today), originated from the brothers and the sisters’.
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَ تَعَالَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ عُلُوّاً كَبِيراً يَقُولُ مَنْ يَقُولُ هَذَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ جَعَلَ أَصْلَ صَفْوَةِ خَلْقِهِ وَ أَحِبَّائِهِ وَ أَنْبِيَائِهِ وَ رُسُلِهِ وَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ الْمُسْلِمَاتِ مِنْ حَرَامٍ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مِنَ الْقُدْرَةِ مَا يَخْلُقُهُمْ مِنَ الْحَلَالِ وَ قَدْ أَخَذَ مِيثَاقَهُمْ عَلَى الْحَلَالِ وَ الطُّهْرِ الطَّيِّبِ
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj is more Glorious and Exalted than that, Loftier, Greater. The one who says this is saying that Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Made the origin of the elite of His-azwj creatures, and His-azwj Beloved ones, and His-azwj Prophets-as, and His-azwj Rasools-as, and the believing men and believing women, and the Muslim men and the Muslim women, from Prohibited means, and there did not happen to be any Ability for Him-azwj what could create them from the Permissible means, and He-azwj has already Taken their Covenant upon the Permissible and the clean, the good?
وَ اللَّهِ لَقَدْ تَبَيَّنْتُ أَنَّ بَعْضَ الْبَهَائِمِ تَنَكَّرَتْ لَهُ أُخْتُهُ فَلَمَّا نَزَا عَلَيْهَا وَ نَزَلَ كُشِفَ لَهُ عَنْهَا وَ عَلِمَ أَنَّهَا أُخْتُهُ أَخْرَجَ غُرْمُولَهُ ثُمَّ قَبَضَ عَلَيْهِ بِأَسْنَانِهِ ثُمَّ قَلَعَهُ ثُمَّ خَرَّ مَيِّتاً
And Allah-azwj has Clarified that some of the animals denies its sister for it. When it comes upon it and descends, it is uncovered for it about her and it knows that it is its sister, it brings out its teeth then seizes upon it by its teeth, then cuts it and it falls down dead’.
قَالَ زُرَارَةُ ثُمَّ سُئِلَ ع عَنْ خَلْقِ حَوَّاءَ وَ قِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّ أُنَاساً عِنْدَنَا يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ خَلَقَ حَوَّاءَ مِنْ ضِلْعِ آدَمَ الْأَيْسَرِ الْأَقْصَى
Zurara said, ‘Then he-asws was asked about the creation of Hawwa-as, and it was said to him-asws, ‘There are people with us who are saying that Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Created Hawwa-as from the left rib of Adam-as, the short one’.
قَالَ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَ تَعَالَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ عُلُوّاً كَبِيراً يَقُولُ مَنْ يَقُولُ هَذَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مِنَ الْقُدْرَةِ مَا يَخْلُقُ لآِدَمَ زَوْجَةً مِنْ غَيْرِ ضِلْعِهِ وَ جَعَلَ لِمُتَكَلِّمٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ التَّشْنِيعِ سَبِيلًا إِلَى الْكَلَامِ يَقُولُ إِنَّ آدَمَ كَانَ يَنْكِحُ بَعْضُهُ بَعْضاً إِذَا كَانَتْ مِنْ ضِلْعِهِ مَا لِهَؤُلَاءِ حَكَمَ اللَّهُ بَيْنَنَا وَ بَيْنَهُمْ
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj is more Glorious and Exalted from that, Loftier, Greater! The one who says this is saying that Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted did not happen to have the Ability for Him-azwj what could create for Adam-as a wife from other that his-as rib, and make a way for the speakers from the people of distortion to the speech that they would be saying, ‘Adam-as, part of him-as was married to a part’, if she-as came into being from his-as rib, what is to them? Allah-azwj will Decide between us-asws and them’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى لَمَّا خَلَقَ آدَمَ مِنْ طِينٍ أَمَرَ الْمَلَائِكَةَ فَسَجَدُوا لَهُ وَ أَلْقَى عَلَيْهِ السُّبَاتَ ثُمَّ ابْتَدَعَ لَهُ خَلْقاً ثُمَّ جَعَلَهَا فِي مَوْضِعِ النُّقْرَةِ الَّتِي بَيْنَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ وَ ذَلِكَ لِكَيْ تَكُونَ الْمَرْأَةُ تَبَعاً لِلرَّجُلِ فَأَقْبَلَتْ تَتَحَرَّكُ فَانْتَبَهَ لِتَحَرُّكِهَا فَلَمَّا انْتَبَهَ نُودِيَتْ أَنْ تَنَحَّيْ عَنْهُ
Then he-asws said: ‘When Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Created Adam-as from clay, Commanded the Angels to do Sajdah to him-as, and cast hibernation unto him-as, then Began a creation for him-as. Then He-azwj Made her-as to be the hole in the place between his-as knees, and that is lest the woman becomes according to the man. She-as started moving and he-as woke up to her-as movement. When he-as woke up, called out that she-as keeps away from him-as.
فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ إِلَيْهَا نَظَرَ إِلَى خَلْقٍ حَسَنٍ يُشْبِهُ صُورَتَهُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهَا أُنْثَى فَكَلَّمَهَا فَكَلَّمَتْهُ بِلُغَتِهِ فَقَالَ لَهَا مَنْ أَنْتِ فَقَالَتْ خَلْقٌ خَلَقَنِيَ اللَّهُ كَمَا تَرَى
But, when he-as looked at her-as, he-as saw a beautiful creature resembling him-as in his-as image other than that it was a female. He-as spoke to her-as and she-as spoke to him-as. She-as reached him-as. He-as said to her-as: ‘Who are you-as?’ She-as said: ‘Allah-azwj Created me-as as you-as can see’.
فَقَالَ آدَمُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ يَا رَبِّ مَنْ هَذَا الْخَلْقُ الْحَسَنُ الَّذِي قَدْ آنَسَنِي قُرْبُهُ وَ النَّظَرُ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ أَمَتِي حَوَّاءُ أَ فَتُحِبُّ أَنْ تَكُونَ مَعَكَ فَتُؤْنِسَكَ وَ تُحَدِّثَكَ وَ تَأْتَمِرَ لِأَمْرِكَ قَالَ نَعَمْ يَا رَبِّ وَ لَكَ بِذَلِكَ الشُّكْرُ وَ الْحَمْدُ مَا بَقِيتُ
Adam-as said at that: ‘O Lord-azwj! Who is this beautiful creature which has comforted me-as, its nearness and the looking at it?’ Allah-azwj Said: “This is My-azwj maid Hawwa-as. Would you-as like her-as to become with you-as, comforting you-as and discussing with you-as and carry out your-as instruction?” He-as said: ‘O Lord-azwj! And the thanks is for You-azwj due to that along with the Praise for as long as I-as remain’.
فَقَالَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى فَاخْطُبْهَا إِلَيَّ فَإِنَّهَا أَمَتِي وَ قَدْ تَصْلُحُ أَيْضاً لِلشَّهْوَةِ وَ أَلْقَى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الشَّهْوَةَ وَ قَدْ عُلِّمَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ الْمَعْرِفَةَ- فَقَالَ يَا رَبِّ فَإِنِّي أَخْطُبُهَا إِلَيْكَ فَمَا رِضَاكَ لِذَلِكَ قَالَ رِضَايَ أَنْ تُعَلِّمَهَا مَعَالِمَ دِينِي
The Blessed and Exalted Said: ‘Then propose her-as to Me-azwj for she-as is My-azwj maid, and is correct as well for the desire”; and Allah-azwj Cast the desire upon him-as, and he-as had known the recognition before that. He-as said: ‘I-as hereby propose her-as to You-azwj, so, what would Please You-azwj for that?’ He-azwj Said: “My-azwj Pleasure is that you-as teach her-as the matter of My-azwj Religion”.
فَقَالَ ذَلِكَ لَكَ يَا رَبِ إِنْ شِئْتَ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَدْ شِئْتُ ذَلِكَ وَ قَدْ زَوَّجْتُكَهَا فَضُمَّهَا إِلَيْكَ فَقَالَ أَقْبِلِي فَقَالَتْ بَلْ أَنْتَ فَأَقْبِلْ إِلَيَّ فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لآِدَمَ أَنْ يَقُومَ إِلَيْهَا فَقَامَ وَ لَوْ لَا ذَلِكَ لَكُنَّ النِّسَاءُ هُنَّ يَذْهَبْنَ إِلَى الرِّجَالِ حِينَ خَطَبْنَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِنَّ-
He-as said, ‘That is for You-azwj, O Lord-azwj, if You-azwj so Desire that’. The Mighty and Majestic Said: ‘I-azwj have Desired that and have hereby married her-as to you-as, therefore join her-as to you-as’. He-as said (to her-as): ‘Come to me-as’. She-as said: ‘But, you-as come to me-as’. Allah-azwj mighty and Majestic Commanded to Adam-as that he-as should stand to go to her-as, so he-as stood up; and had it not been that, the women would be going to the men when there is a proposal upon themselves.
فهذه قصة حواء صلوات الله عليها.
This is the story of Hawwa-as.[84]
2- ع، علل الشرائع أَبِي عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أُورَمَةَ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْيَعْقُوبِيِّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُقَاتِلٍ عَمَّنْ سَمِعَ زُرَارَةَ يَقُولُ سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ بَدْءِ النَّسْلِ مِنْ آدَمَ عَلَى نَبِيِّنَا وَ آلِهِ وَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ كَيْفَ كَانَ وَ عَنْ بَدْءِ النَّسْلِ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّةِ آدَمَ فَإِنَّ أُنَاساً عِنْدَنَا يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَوْحَى إِلَى آدَمَ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَ بَنَاتِهِ بَنِيهِ وَ إِنَّ هَذَا الْخَلْقَ كُلَّهُ أَصْلُهُ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – My father, from Muhammad Al Atar, from Ibn Aban, from Ibn Awrama, from Al Nowfaly, from Ali Bin Dawood Al Yaqouby, from Al Hassan Bin Maqtal, from the one who heard Zurara saying,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws was asked about the beginning of the lineage from Adam-as, ‘How did it happen? And about the beginning of the lineage from offspring Adam-as, for there are people who are saying that Allah-azwj the Exalted Revealed to Adam-as he-as get his-as daughters to his-as own sons, and that all of these people, its origin is from brother and the sisters’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع تَعَالَى اللَّهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ عُلُوّاً كَبِيراً يَقُولُ مَنْ قَالَ هَذَا بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ خَلَقَ صَفْوَةَ خَلْقِهِ وَ أَحِبَّاءَهُ وَ أَنْبِيَاءَهُ وَ رُسُلَهُ وَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ الْمُسْلِمَاتِ مِنْ حَرَامٍ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مِنَ الْقُدْرَةِ مَا يَخْلُقُهُمْ مِنْ حَلَالٍ وَ قَدْ أَخَذَ مِيثَاقَهُمْ عَلَى الْحَلَالِ الطُّهْرِ الطَّاهِرِ الطَّيِّبِ
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj is more Exalted from that, Loftier, Greater. The one who says this is saying that Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Created the elites of His-azwj creatures and His-azwj Beloved ones, and His-azwj Prophets-as, and His-azwj Rasools-as, and the believing men and the believing women, and the Muslim men and the Muslim women, from Prohibited means, and there did not happen to be any ability for Him-azwj what could create them from Permissible means, and He-azwj had already Taken their-as Covenant upon the Permissible, the clean, the good.
فَوَ اللَّهِ لَقَدْ تَبَيَّنْتُ أَنَّ بَعْضَ الْبَهَائِمِ تَنَكَّرَتْ لَهُ أُخْتُهُ فَلَمَّا نَزَا عَلَيْهَا وَ نَزَلَ كُشِفَ لَهُ عَنْهَا فَلَمَّا عَلِمَ أَنَّهَا أُخْتُهُ أَخْرَجَ غُرْمُولَهُ ثُمَّ قَبَضَ عَلَيْهِ بِأَسْنَانِهِ حَتَّى قَطَعَهُ فَخَرَّ مَيِّتاً وَ آخَرَ تَنَكَّرَتْ لَهُ أُمُّهُ فَفَعَلَ هَذَا بِعَيْنِهِ فَكَيْفَ الْإِنْسَانُ فِي إِنْسِيَّتِهِ وَ فَضْلِهِ وَ عِلْمِهِ
And Allah-azwj has Clarified that some of the animals denies its sister for it. When it comes upon it and descends, it is uncovered for it about her and it knows that it is its sister, it brings out its teeth, then seizes upon it by its teeth, then cuts it and it falls down dead. And another denies its mother to it, and it does this exactly, so how can the human being (do so), in his humanity and his merit and knowledge?
غَيْرَ أَنَّ جِيلًا مِنْ هَذَا الْخَلْقِ الَّذِي تَرَوْنَ رَغِبُوا عَنْ عِلْمِ أَهْلِ بُيُوتَاتِ أَنْبِيَائِهِمْ وَ أَخَذُوا مِنْ حَيْثُ لَمْ يُؤْمَرُوا بِأَخْذِهِ فَصَارُوا إِلَى مَا قَدْ تَرَوْنَ مِنَ الضَّلَالِ وَ الْجَهْلِ بِالْعِلْمِ كَيْفَ كَانَتِ الْأَشْيَاءُ الْمَاضِيَةُ مِنْ بَدْءِ أَنْ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ مَا خَلَقَ وَ مَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ أَبَداً
Apart from that a descendant from these people which you are seeing being desirous about knowledge of the people of the Households of their Prophets-as, and they are taking from where they were not ordered to take (from), so they have come to what you have seen form the straying and the ignorance with the knowledge. How did the things of the past come into being from beginning if Allah-azwj Created what He-azwj Created, and what would be coming into being for ever!’
ثُمَّ قَالَ وَيْحَ هَؤُلَاءِ أَيْنَ هُمْ عَمَّا لَمْ يَخْتَلِفْ فِيهِ فُقَهَاءُ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ وَ لَا فُقَهَاءُ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَمَرَ الْقَلَمَ فَجَرَى عَلَى اللَّوْحِ الْمَحْفُوظِ بِمَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ قَبْلَ خَلْقِ آدَمَ بِأَلْفَيْ عَامٍ وَ أَنَّ كُتُبَ اللَّهِ كُلَّهَا فِيمَا جَرَى فِيهِ الْقَلَمُ فِي كُلِّهَا تَحْرِيمُ الْإِخْوَةِ مَعَ مَا حُرِّمَ
Then he-asws said: ‘Woe be unto them! Where are they from what the jurists of the people of Hijaz have not differed in, nor the jurists of the people of Iraq, that Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Commanded the pen and it flowed upon the Guarded Tablet with what would be transpiring up to the Day of Qiyamah before the creation of Adam-as by two thousand years, and that all the Books of Allah-azwj regarding what the Pen flowed, in all of these there is Prohibition of the brothers with what is sanctimonious.
وَ هَذَا نَحْنُ قَدْ نَرَى مِنْهَا هَذِهِ الْكُتُبَ الْأَرْبَعَةَ الْمَشْهُورَةَ فِي هَذَا الْعَالَمِ- التَّوْرَاةَ وَ الْإِنْجِيلَ وَ الزَّبُورَ وَ الْقُرْآنَ أَنْزَلَهَا اللَّهُ مِنَ اللَّوْحِ الْمَحْفُوظِ عَلَى رُسُلِهِ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ أَجْمَعِينَ مِنْهَا التَّوْرَاةُ عَلَى مُوسَى وَ الزَّبُورُ عَلَى دَاوُدَ وَ الْإِنْجِيلُ عَلَى عِيسَى وَ الْقُرْآنُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ص وَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّينَ لَيْسَ فِيهَا تَحْلِيلُ شَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ حَقّاً
And this, we have seen from these four well-known Books in this world – The Torah, and the Evangel, and the Psalms, and the Quran, Allah-azwj Revealed these from the Guarded Tablet upon His-azwj Rasools-as, may the Salawat of Allah-azwj be upon them-as all – from these is the Torah upon Musa-as, and the Psalms upon Dawood-as, and the Evangel upon Isa-as, and the Quran upon Muhammad-saww, and upon the Prophets-as there isn’t therein Permissibility of anything from that, truly.
أَقُولُ مَا أَرَادَ مَنْ يَقُولُ هَذَا وَ شِبْهَهُ إِلَّا تَقْوِيَةَ حُجَجِ الْمَجُوسِ فَمَا لَهُمْ قَتَلَهُمْ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ أَنْشَأَ يُحَدِّثُنَا كَيْفَ كَانَ بَدْءُ النَّسْلِ مِنْ آدَمَ وَ كَيْفَ كَانَ بَدْءُ النَّسْلِ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ
I (Majlisi) am saying, ‘The one who said this did not intend except to strengthen the argument of the Magians, so what is the matter with them? May Allah-azwj Kill them! Then he-asws went on to narrate to us how was the beginning of the lineage from Adam-as, and how was the beginning of the lineage from his-as offspring’.
فَقَالَ إِنَّ آدَمَ ع وُلِدَ لَهُ سَبْعُونَ بَطْناً فِي كُلِّ بَطْنٍ غُلَامٌ وَ جَارِيَةٌ إِلَى أَنْ قُتِلَ هَابِيلُ فَلَمَّا قَتَلَ قَابِيلُ هَابِيلَ جَزِعَ آدَمُ عَلَى هَابِيلَ جَزَعاً قَطَعَهُ عَنْ إِتْيَانِ النِّسَاءِ فَبَقِيَ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَغْشَى حَوَّاءَ خَمْسَمِائَةِ عَامٍ ثُمَّ تَخَلَّى مَا بِهِ مِنَ الْجَزَعِ عَلَيْهِ فَغَشِيَ حَوَّاءَ فَوَهَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ شَيْثاً وَحْدَهُ لَيْسَ مَعَهُ ثَانٍ وَ اسْمُ شَيْثٍ هِبَةُ اللَّهِ وَ هُوَ أَوَّلُ وَصِيٍّ أُوصِيَ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الْآدَمِيِّينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ
He-asws said: ‘Adam-as, seventy bellies (pregnancies of Hawwa-as) were born for him-as, there being a boy and a girl in every pregnancy, up to the point of the murder of Habeel-as. When Qabeel-la killed Habeel-as, Adam-as panicked upon Habeel-as with a panic cutting him-as off from coming to the woman, and he-as remained not being able to copulate with Hawwa-as for five hundred years. Then the panic what was with him-as subsided and he-as copulated with Hawwa-as, and Allah-azwj Granted Shees-as to him-as along, there not being a second with him-as, and a name of Shees is Hibtullah-as, and he-as is the first successor-as from the human beings bequeathed unto in the earth.
ثُمَّ وُلِدَ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْدِ شَيْثٍ يَافِثُ لَيْسَ مَعَهُ ثَانٍ فَلَمَّا أَدْرَكَا وَ أَرَادَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يُبْلِغَ بِالنَّسْلِ مَا تَرَوْنَ وَ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَا قَدْ جَرَى بِهِ الْقَلَمُ مِنْ تَحْرِيمِ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِنَ الْأَخَوَاتِ عَلَى الْإِخْوَةِ أَنْزَلَ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ فِي يَوْمِ الْخَمِيسِ حَوْرَاءَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ اسْمُهَا بَرَكَةُ
Then there was born Yaafis for him-as, from after Shees, there not being a second with him. When they were both adults and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Wanted the lineage to reach what you are seeing, and to come into being what the Pen had flowed with from the Prohibition of what Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Prohibited, from the sisters (married) to the brothers, He-azwj Sent down after Al-Asr during the day of Thursday, a Hourie from the Paradise, her name being Barkah.
فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ آدَمَ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا مِنْ شَيْثٍ فَزَوَّجَهَا مِنْهُ ثُمَّ نَزَّلَ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ مِنَ الْغَدِ حَوْرَاءَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ اسْمُهَا مَنْزِلَةُ فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ آدَمَ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا مِنْ يَافِثَ فَزَوَّجَهَا مِنْهُ
Then, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Commanded Adam-as that he-as get her married to Shees-as, so he-as married her to him-as. Then, after Al-Asr the next day, a Hourie from the Paradise descended, her name being Manzalah, and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Commanded Adam-as that he-as get her married to Yaafas, so he-as married her to him.
فَوُلِدَ لِشَيْثٍ غُلَامٌ وَ وُلِدَ لِيَافِثَ جَارِيَةٌ فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ آدَمَ حِينَ أَدْرَكَا أَنْ يُزَوِّجَ بِنْتَ يَافِثَ مِنِ ابْنِ شَيْثٍ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فَوُلِدَ الصَّفْوَةُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ مِنْ نَسْلِهِمَا وَ مَعَاذَ اللَّهِ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى مَا قَالُوا مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ
A boy was born for Shees-as and a girl was born to Yaafas. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Commanded Adam-as, when they were both adults, that he-as get the daughter of Yaafas to be married to the son of Shees-as. He-as did that, and there were born the elites from the Prophets-as, and the Messengers-as from their lineages, and Allah-azwj Forbid that, that would be upon what they are saying, from the brothers and sisters.[85]
3- لي، الأمالي للصدوق ابْنُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص قَالَ: أَوْصَى آدَمُ إِلَى شَيْثٍ وَ هُوَ هِبَةُ اللَّهِ بْنُ آدَمَ وَ أَوْصَى شَيْثٌ إِلَى ابْنِهِ شَبَّانَ وَ هُوَ ابْنُ نَزْلَةَ الْحَوْرَاءِ الَّتِي أَنْزَلَهَا اللَّهُ عَلَى آدَمَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ فَزَوَّجَهَا ابْنَهُ شَيْثاً الْخَبَرَ
‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – Ibn Al Mutawakkal, from Al Humeyri, from Ibn Isa, from Ibn Mahboub, from Maqatal Ibn Suleyman,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from the Prophet-saww having said: ‘Adam-as bequeathed to Shees-as, and he-as is (also called) Hibtullah-as, son-as of Adam-as; and Shees-as bequeathed to his-as son-as Shaban-as and he is the son of the descended Hourie whom Allah-azwj Sent down unto Adam-as from the Paradise, and he-as got her married to his-as son-as Shees-as’ – the Hadeeth’.[86]
4- ج، الإحتجاج عَنِ الثُّمَالِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ ع يُحَدِّثُ رَجُلًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ قَالَ لَمَّا تَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَى آدَمَ وَاقَعَ حَوَّاءَ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ غَشِيَهَا مُنْذُ خُلِقَ وَ خُلِقَتْ إِلَّا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَ ذَلِكَ بَعْدَ مَا تَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ
‘Al-Ihtijaj’ – From Al Sumaly who said,
‘I heard Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws narrating to a man from Quraysh saying: ‘When Allah-azwj Turned to Adam-as, he-as copulated with Hawwa-as, and he-as had not copulated with her-as since he-as and she-as were created, except in the earth, and that was after Allah-azwj had Turned to him-as’.
قَالَ وَ كَانَ آدَمُ يُعَظِّمُ الْبَيْتَ وَ مَا حَوْلَهُ مِنْ حُرْمَةِ الْبَيْتِ وَ كَانَ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَغْشَى حَوَّاءَ خَرَجَ مِنَ الْحَرَمِ وَ أَخْرَجَهَا مَعَهُ فَإِذَا جَازَ الْحَرَمَ غَشِيَهَا فِي الْحِلِّ ثُمَّ يَغْتَسِلَانِ إِعْظَاماً مِنْهُ لِلْحَرَمِ ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى فِنَاءِ الْبَيْتِ
He-asws said: ‘And Adam-as was revering the House and what is around it from the Sanctity of the House, and whenever he-as wanted to copulate with Hawwa-as, he-as went out from the Sanctuary (Hurrum) and took her-as out with him-as. When they-as had crossed the Sanctuary, he-as would copulate with her-as in the outside, then they-as would wash as a reverence from him-as for the Sanctuary, then he-as would return to the courtyard of the House’.
قَالَ فَوُلِدَ لآِدَمَ مِنْ حَوَّاءَ عِشْرُونَ وَلَداً ذَكَراً وَ عِشْرُونَ أُنْثَى فَوُلِدَ لَهُ فِي كُلِّ بَطْنٍ ذَكَرٌ وَ أُنْثَى فَأَوَّلَ بَطْنٍ وَلَدَتْ حَوَّاءُ هَابِيلَ وَ مَعَهُ جَارِيَةً يُقَالُ لَهَا إِقْلِيمَا
He-asws said: ‘Twenty male children were born for Adam-as from Hawwa-as and twenty females, and there was born for him-as during each pregnancy, a male and a female. The first pregnancy Hawwa-as gave birth to Habeel-as and with him-as was a girl called Iqlima’.
قَالَ وَ وَلَدَتْ فِي الْبَطْنِ الثَّانِي قَابِيلَ وَ مَعَهُ جَارِيَةً يُقَالُ لَهَا لَوْزَا وَ كَانَتْ لَوْزَا أَجْمَلَ بَنَاتِ آدَمَ
He-asws said: ‘And in the second pregnancy was born Qabeel-la and with him-la was a girl called Lowza, and Lowza was the most beautiful of the daughters of Adam-as’.
قَالَ فَلَمَّا أَدْرَكُوا خَافَ عَلَيْهِمْ آدَمُ الْفِتْنَةَ فَدَعَاهُمْ إِلَيْهِ وَ قَالَ أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُنْكِحَكَ يَا هَابِيلُ لَوْزَا وَ أُنْكِحَكَ يَا قَابِيلُ إِقْلِيمَا
He-asws said: ‘When they became adults Adam-as feared the Fitna upon them and he-as called them to him-as and said: ‘I-as want to get you-as, O Habeel-as, married to Lowza, and get you-la, O Qabeel-la to Iqlima’.
قَالَ قَابِيلُ مَا أَرْضَى بِهَذَا أَ تُنْكِحُنِي أُخْتَ هَابِيلَ الْقَبِيحَةَ وَ تُنْكِحُ هَابِيلَ أُخْتِيَ الْجَمِيلَةَ قَالَ آدَمُ فَأَنَا أُقْرِعُ بَيْنَكُمَا فَإِنْ خَرَجَ سَهْمُكَ يَا قَابِيلُ عَلَى لَوْزَا وَ خَرَجَ سَهْمُكَ يَا هَابِيلُ عَلَى إِقْلِيمَا زَوَّجْتُ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْكُمَا الَّتِي خَرَجَ سَهْمُهُ عَلَيْهَا
Qabeel-la said, ‘I-la am not pleased with this. You-as want to get me-la married to the ugly sister of Habeel-as and get Habeel-as to my-la beautiful sister?’ Adam-as said: ‘Then I-as shall draw lots between you two, so if your-la lot, O Qabeel-la comes out upon Lowza, and your-as lot, O Habeel-as comes upon Iqlima, I-as shall get each one of you to the one whose lot comes upon her’.
قَالَ فَرَضِيَا بِذَلِكَ فَاقْتَرَعَا قَالَ فَخَرَجَ سَهْمُ هَابِيلَ عَلَى لَوْزَا أُخْتِ قَابِيلَ وَ خَرَجَ سَهْمُ قَابِيلَ عَلَى إِقْلِيمَا أُخْتِ هَابِيلَ
He-asws said: ‘They both agreed with that and they drew lots. The lot of Habeel-as came upon Lowza sister of Qabeel-la, and the lot of Qabeel-la came upon Iqlima sister of Habeel-as’.
قَالَ فَزَوَّجَهُمَا عَلَى مَا خَرَجَ لَهُمَا مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ
He-asws said: ‘He-as got both married upon what had come out for them from the Presence of Allah-azwj’.
قَالَ ثُمَّ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ نِكَاحَ الْأَخَوَاتِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ
Then Allah-azwj Prohibited the marriage of the sisters after that’.
قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْقُرَشِيُّ فَأَوْلَدَاهُمَا قَالَ نَعَمْ
He (the narrator) said: ‘The Qurayshi said to him-asws, ‘Their children?’ He-asws said: ‘Yes’.
قَالَ فَقَالَ الْقُرَشِيُّ فَهَذَا فِعْلُ الْمَجُوسِ الْيَوْمَ
He-asws said: ‘Al-Qarshi said, ‘This is the deed of the Magians today’.
قَالَ فَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع إِنَّ الْمَجُوسَ إِنَّمَا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ بَعْدَ التَّحْرِيمِ مِنَ اللَّهِ
He-asws said: ‘Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws said: ‘The Magians are rather doing that after the Prohibition from Allah-azwj’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع لَا تُنْكِرْ هَذَا أَ لَيْسَ اللَّهُ قَدْ خَلَقَ زَوْجَةَ آدَمَ مِنْهُ ثُمَّ أَحَلَّهَا لَهُ فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ شَرِيعَةً مِنْ شَرَائِعِهِمْ ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ التَّحْرِيمَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ
Then Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws said: ‘Do not be denying this. Hasn’t Allah-azwj Created the wife of Adam-as from him-as, then Legalised her-as for him-as? That was a Law from their-as laws. Then Allah-azwj Revealed the Prohibition after that.[87]
5- ب، قرب الإسناد ابْنُ عِيسَى عَنِ الْبَزَنْطِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الرِّضَا ع عَنِ النَّاسِ كَيْفَ تَنَاسَلُوا مِنْ آدَمَ ع فَقَالَ حَمَلَتْ حَوَّاءُ هَابِيلَ وَ أُخْتاً لَهُ فِي بَطْنٍ ثُمَّ حَمَلَتْ فِي الْبَطْنِ الثَّانِي قَابِيلَ وَ أُخْتاً لَهُ فِي بَطْنٍ فَزَوَّجَ هَابِيلَ الَّتِي مَعَ قَابِيلَ وَ تَزَوَّجَ قَابِيلُ الَّتِي مَعَ هَابِيلَ ثُمَّ حَدَثَ التَّحْرِيمُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ
‘Qurb Al Isnaad’ – Ibn Isa, from Al Bazanty who said,
‘Al-Reza-asws was asked about the people, how did they procreate from Adam-as?’ He-asws said: ‘Hawwa-as bore Habeel-as and a sister of his-as in a pregnancy. Then she-as bore in the second pregnancy Qabeel-la and a sister of his-la in one pregnancy. Habeel-as married the one who was with Qabeel-la, and Qabeel-la married the one who was with Habeel-as, then the Prohibition occurred after that.[88]
6 كِتَابُ الْمُحْتَضَرِ، لِلْحَسَنِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ نَقْلًا مِنْ كِتَابِ الشِّفَاءِ وَ الْجِلَاءِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ آدَمَ أَبِي الْبَشَرِ أَ كَانَ زَوَّجَ ابْنَتَهُ مِنِ ابْنِهِ
The book ‘Al Mukhtasar’ of Al Hassan Bin Suleyman, copying from the book ‘Al Shifa Wal Jala’a’, by his chain from Muawiya Bin Amaar who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about Adam-as, father-as of the humans, ‘Did he-as get his-as daughter to his-as son?’
فَقَالَ مَعَاذَ اللَّهِ وَ اللَّهِ لَوْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ آدَمُ ع لَمَا رَغِبَ عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ مَا كَانَ آدَمُ إِلَّا عَلَى دِينِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Forbid! By Allah-azwj, if Adam-as had done that, Rasool-Allah-saww would not have like that about him-as, and Adam-as wasn’t except on the Religion of Rasool-Allah-saww’.
فَقُلْتُ وَ هَذَا الْخَلْقُ مِنْ وُلْدِ مَنْ هُمْ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ إِلَّا آدَمُ وَ حَوَّاءُ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ يا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ واحِدَةٍ وَ خَلَقَ مِنْها زَوْجَها وَ بَثَّ مِنْهُما رِجالًا كَثِيراً وَ نِساءً فَأَخْبَرَنَا أَنَّ هَذَا الْخَلْقَ مِنْ آدَمَ وَ حَوَّاءَ ع
I said, ‘And these people are from children, who are they, and they cannot happen to be except Adam-as and Hawwa-as? Because Allah-azwj the Exalted is Saying: O you people! Fear your Lord, Who Created you from a single being and Created its spouse from it and spread from these two, many men and women; [4:1], so, inform us, if these people are from Adam-as and Hawwa-as’.
فَقَالَ ع صَدَقَ اللَّهُ وَ بَلَّغَتْ رُسُلُهُ وَ أَنَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ الشَّاهِدِينَ فَقُلْتُ فَفَسِّرْ لِي يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى لَمَّا أَهْبَطَ آدَمَ وَ حَوَّاءَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ وَ جَمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَلَدَتْ حَوَّاءُ بِنْتاً فَسَمَّاهَا عَنَاقاً فَكَانَتْ أَوَّلَ مَنْ بَغَى عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ فَسَلَّطَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهَا ذِئْباً كَالْفِيلِ وَ نَسْراً كَالْحِمَارِ فَقَتَلَاهَا
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Spoke the Truth, and His-azwj Rasool-saww delivered and I-asws am from the testifiers upon that’. I said, ‘Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted, when He-azwj Descended Adam-as and Hawwa-as to the earth and gathered between them-as, Hawwa-as gave birth to a daughter and named her ‘Anaq’. She was the first one to rebel upon the surface of the earth, so, Allah-azwj Caused a wolf to overcome upon her (which was) like an elephant, and an eagle like a donkey, and they killed her.
ثُمَّ وُلِدَ لَهُ أَثَرَ عَنَاقَ قَابِيلُ بْنُ آدَمَ فَلَمَّا أَدْرَكَ قَابِيلُ مَا يُدْرِكُ الرَّجُلُ أَظْهَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ جِنِّيَّةً مِنْ وُلْدِ الْجَانِّ يُقَالُ لَهَا جُهَانَةُ فِي صُورَةِ إِنْسِيَّةٍ فَلَمَّا رَآهَا قَابِيلُ وَمِقَهَا فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى آدَمَ أَنْ زَوِّجْ جُهَانَةَ مِنْ قَابِيلَ فَزَوَّجَهَا مِنْ قَابِيلَ
Then there was born for him-as upon the footsteps of Anaq, Qabeel-la son-la of Adam-as. When Qabeel-la was an adult what the man tends to reach, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Manifested a female Jinn from the children of the Jaan called Jahaana in the image of a female human. When Qabeel-la saw her loved her tenderly, so Allah-azwj Revealed to Adam-as to get Jahaana married to Qabeel-la, so he-as married her to Qabeel-la.
ثُمَّ وُلِدَ لآِدَمَ هَابِيلُ فَلَمَّا أَدْرَكَ هَابِيلُ مَا يُدْرِكُ الرَّجُلُ أَهْبَطَ اللَّهُ إِلَى آدَمَ حَوْرَاءَ وَ اسْمُهَا تُرْكُ الْحَوْرَاءِ فَلَمَّا رَآهَا هَابِيلُ وَمِقَهَا فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى آدَمَ أَنْ زَوِّجْ تُرْكاً مِنْ هَابِيلَ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فَكَانَتْ تُرْكُ الْحَوْرَاءِ زَوْجَةَ هَابِيلَ بْنِ آدَمَ
Then Habeel-as was born to Adam-as. When Habeel-as was an adult what the man reaches, Allah-azwj Sent down a Hourie to Adam-as and her name was ‘Tark’ the Hourie. When Habeel-as saw her, lover her tenderly, so Allah-azwj Revealed to Adam-as to get Tark married to Habeel-as. He-as did that, and Tark the Hourie was the wife of Habeel Bin Adam-as.
Then Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed to Adam-as: “The precedence of My-azwj Knowledge is that I-azwj will not leave the earth (devoid) from a knowledgeable one My-azwj Religion can be recognised with, and that I-azwj will Bring that forth from your-as offspring, therefore look at My-azwj Magnificent Name and to the inheritance of the Prophet-hood and what I-azwj Taught you-as from the names, all of them and what the people would be needy to from the effects about Me-azwj, therefore hand it over to Habeel-as’.
He-asws said: ‘Adam-as did that with Habeel-as. When Qabeel-la came to know that from the deed of Adam-as, he-la was angry and came to Adam-as and said to him-as, ‘O father-as! Am I-la not older than my-la brother-as and more rightful with what you-as did with him-as?’ Adam-as said: ‘O my-as son-la! But rather, the command is in the Hands of Allah-azwj, He-azwj Gives it to one He-azwj so Desires to, and even if you-la are the eldest of my-as sons, for Allah-azwj Specialises it with what he-as will not cease to be its rightful one. If you-la know that it is opposite to what I-as said and do not ratify me-as, then offer an offering, and whoever’s offering is Accepted, then he would be foremost with the merit than his companion’.
قَالَ وَ كَانَ الْقُرْبَانُ فِي ذَلِكَ الْوَقْتِ تَنْزِلُ نَارٌ فَتَأْكُلُهُ فَخَرَجَا فَقَرَّبَا قُرْبَاناً كَمَا ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ- وَ اتْلُ عَلَيْهِمْ نَبَأَ ابْنَيْ آدَمَ بِالْحَقِّ إِذْ قَرَّبا قُرْباناً فَتُقُبِّلَ مِنْ أَحَدِهِما وَ لَمْ يُتَقَبَّلْ مِنَ الْآخَرِ
He-asws said: ‘And the offering happened during that time, a fire came and devoured it. They both came out to offer an offering just as Allah-azwj Mentioned in His-azwj Book: And relate to them the news of the two sons of Adam with the truth when they both offered an offering, but it was Accepted from one of them and was not Accepted from the other. [5:27]’.
قَالَ وَ كَانَ قَابِيلُ صَاحِبَ زَرْعٍ فَقَرَّبَ قَمْحاً نَسْياً رَدِيئاً وَ كَانَ هَابِيلُ صَاحِبَ غَنَمٍ فَقَرَّبَ كَبْشاً سَمِيناً مِنْ خِيَارِ غَنَمِهِ فَأَكَلَتِ النَّارُ قُرْبَانَ هَابِيلَ وَ لَمْ تَأْكُلْ قُرْبَانَ قَابِيلَ
He-asws said: ‘And Qabeel-la was owner of a farm, so he-la offered half rotten wheat, and Habeel-as was the owner of sheep, so he-as offered a fat ram from the best of his-as sheep. The fire devoured the offering of Habeel-as and did not devour the offering of Qabeel-la.
فَأَتَاهُ إِبْلِيسُ لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ فَقَالَ يَا قَابِيلُ إِنَّ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ الَّذِي أَنْتَ فِيهِ لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ لِأَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَنْتَ وَ أَخُوكَ فَلَوْ وُلِدَ لَكُمَا وَلَدٌ وَ كَثُرَ نَسْلُكُمَا افْتَخَرَ نَسْلُهُ عَلَى نَسْلِكَ بِمَا خَصَّهُ بِهِ أَبُوكَ وَ لِقَبُولِ النَّارِ قُرْبَانَهُ وَ تَرْكِهَا قُرْبَانَكَ وَ إِنَّكَ إِنْ قَتَلْتَهُ لَمْ يَجِدْ أَبُوكَ بُدّاً مِنْ أَنْ يَخُصَّكَ بِمَا دَفَعَهُ إِلَيْهِ
Iblees-la may Allah-azwj Curse him-la, came to him-la and said, ‘O Qabeel-la! This command which you-la are in, isn’t anything. But rather you-la and your-la brother-as, if children were to be born for you and your lineages become numerous, his-as progeny will pride over your-la progeny due to what your-la father-as specialised him-as with, and the acceptance by the fire of his-as offering and neglecting your-la offering, and you-la, if you-la were to kill him-as, your-la father-as will find no escape from specialising you-la with what he-as had handed over to him-as’.
قَالَ فَوَثَبَ قَابِيلُ إِلَى هَابِيلَ فَقَتَلَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِبْلِيسُ إِنَّ النَّارَ الَّتِي قَبِلَتِ الْقُرْبَانَ هِيَ الْمُعَظَّمَةُ فَعَظِّمْهَا وَ اتَّخِذْ لَهَا بَيْتاً وَ اجْعَلْ لَهَا أَهْلًا وَ أَحْسِنْ عِبَادَتَهَا وَ الْقِيَامَ عَلَيْهَا فَتَقْبَلَ قُرْبَانَكَ إِذَا أَرَدْتَ ذَلِكَ
He-asws said: ‘Qabeel-la leapt upon Habeel-as and killed him-as. Then Iblees-la said, ‘The fire which accepted the offering, it is the revered one, therefore revere it and take a house for it, and make people for it, and be excellent in worshipping it, and the standing upon it so it will accept your-la offering whenever you-la want that’.
قَالَ فَفَعَلَ قَابِيلُ ذَلِكَ فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ عَبَدَ النَّارَ وَ اتَّخَذَ بُيُوتَ النِّيرَانِ وَ إِنَّ آدَمَ أَتَى الْمَوْضِعَ الَّذِي قَتَلَ فِيهِ قَابِيلُ أَخَاهُ فَبَكَى هُنَاكَ أَرْبَعِينَ صَبَاحاً يَلْعَنُ تِلْكَ الْأَرْضَ حَيْثُ قَبِلَتْ دَمَ ابْنِهِ وَ هُوَ الَّذِي فِيهِ قِبْلَةُ الْمَسْجِدِ الْجَامِعِ بِالْبَصْرَةِ
He-asws said: ‘Qabeel-la did that, and was first one to worship the fire and take fire (worshipping) houses, and that Adam-as came to the place in which Qabeel-la had killed his-la brother-as, and cried over there for forty morning, cursing that ground which it accepted the blood of his-as son-as, and it is (that ground) in which is the Qiblah of Al-Masjid Al Jamie at Basra’.
قَالَ وَ إِنَّ هَابِيلَ يَوْمَ قُتِلَ كَانَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ تُرْكُ الْحَوْرَاءِ حُبْلَى فَوَلَدَتْ غُلَاماً فَسَمَّاهُ آدَمُ بِسْمِ ابْنِهِ هَابِيلَ وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَهَبَ لآِدَمَ بَعْدَ هَابِيلَ ابْناً فَسَمَّاهُ شَيْثاً ثُمَّ قَالَ ابْنِي هَذَا هِبَةُ اللَّهِ
He-asws said: ‘And one the day Habeel-as was killed, his-as wife Tark the Hourie was pregnant and she gave birth to a boy, and Adam-as name him with the name of his-as son-as as ‘Habeel’, and that Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Granted to Adam-as, after Habeel-as, a son-as, and he-as named his-as as ‘Shees’, then said: ‘This son of mine is a Gift of Allah-azwj’.
فَلَمَّا أَدْرَكَ شَيْثٌ مَا يُدْرِكُ الرِّجَالُ أَهْبَطَ اللَّهُ عَلَى آدَمَ حَوْرَاءَ يُقَالُ لَهَا نَاعِمَةُ فِي صُورَةِ إِنْسِيَّةٍ فَلَمَّا رَآهَا شَيْثٌ وَمِقَهَا فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى آدَمَ أَنْ زَوِّجْ نَاعِمَةَ مِنْ شَيْثٍ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ آدَمُ
When Shees-as reached adulthood what the man tends to reach, Allah-azwj Sent down a Hourie unto Adam-as called Na’ma in an image of a female human. When Shees-as saw her, loved her tenderly, so Allah-azwj Revealed to Adam-as to get Na’ma married to Shees-as. Adam-as did that.
فَكَانَتْ نَاعِمَةُ الْحَوْرَاءُ زَوْجَةَ شَيْثٍ فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ جَارِيَةً فَسَمَّاهَا آدَمُ حُورِيَّةَ فَلَمَّا أَدْرَكَتْ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى آدَمَ أَنْ زَوِّجْ حُورِيَّةَ مِنْ هَابِيلَ بْنِ هَابِيلَ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ آدَمُ
So, Na’ma the Hourie was the wife of Shees-as and she gave birth to a girl for him-as, and Adam-as named her as ‘Howriya’. When she reached adulthood, Allah-azwj Revealed to Adam-as to get Howriya married to Habeel son of Qabeel-la. Adam-as did that.
فَهَذَا الْخَلْقُ الَّذِي تَرَى مِنْ هَذَا النَّسْلِ وَ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى يا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ واحِدَةٍ وَ خَلَقَ مِنْها زَوْجَها وَ بَثَّ مِنْهُما رِجالًا كَثِيراً وَ نِساءً وَ قَوْلُهُ وَ خَلَقَ مِنْها زَوْجَها أَيْ مِنَ الطِّينَةِ الَّتِي خَلَقَ مِنْهَا آدَمَ
Thus, these people which you see are from this lineage, and it is the Word of the Exalted: O you people! Fear your Lord, Who Created you from a single being and Created its spouse from it and spread from these two, many men and women; [4:1], and His-azwj Words: and Created its spouse from it, i.e., from the clay which Adam-as was Created from’.
قَالَ فَلَمَّا انْقَضَتْ نُبُوَّةُ آدَمَ وَ فَنِيَ أَجَلُهُ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ قَدِ انْقَضَتْ نُبُوَّتُكَ وَ فَنِيَتْ أَيَّامُكَ فَانْظُرْ إِلَى اسْمِ اللَّهِ الْأَعْظَمِ وَ مَا عَلَّمْتُكَ مِنَ الْأَسْمَاءِ كُلِّهَا وَ أُثْرَةِ النُّبُوَّةِ وَ مَا يَحْتَاجُ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهِ فَادْفَعْهُ إِلَى شَيْثٍ وَ أْمُرْهُ أَنْ يَقْبَلَهُ بِكِتْمَانٍ وَ تَقِيَّةٍ مِنْ أَخِيهِ لِئَلَّا يَقْتُلَهُ كَمَا قَتَلَ هَابِيلَ فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ سَبَقَ فِي عِلْمِي أَنْ لَا أُخْلِيَ الْأَرْضَ مِنْ عَالِمٍ يُعْرَفُ بِهِ دِينِي وَ يَكُونُ فِيهِ نَجَاةٌ لِمَنْ تَوَلَّاهُ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ الْعَالِمِ الَّذِي آمُرُهُ بِإِظْهَارِ دِينِي وَ أُخْرِجُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّةِ شَيْثٍ وَ عَقِبِه
He-asws said: ‘When the Prophet-hood of Adam-as expired and his-as term came to an end, Allah-azwj Revealed to him-as: “Your-as Prophet-hood has expired and your-as days have come to an end, therefore look at the Magnificent Name of Allah-azwj and what you-as have been Taught from the names, all of the, and the effects of the Prophet-hood and what the people are needy to, therefore hand it over to Shees-as’, and Commanded him-as with concealment and Taqiyyah (dissimulation) from his-as brother-la lest he-la kills him-as just as Habeel-as was killed, for it has preceded in My-azwj Knowledge that I-azwj will not leave the earth empty from a knowledgeable one My-azwj Religion can be recognised with, and salvation to be in him for the one who befriends him regarding what is between him and the knowledgeable one who has been Commanded with the manifestation of My-azwj Religion, and I-azwj shall bring that forth from the offspring of Shees-as and his-as posterity”.
فَدَعَا آدَمُ شَيْثاً وَ قَالَ يَا بُنَيَّ اخْرُجْ وَ تَعَرَّضْ لِجَبْرَئِيلَ أَوْ لِمَنْ لَقِيتَ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَ أَخْبِرْهُ بِوَجَعِي وَ اسْأَلْهُ أَنْ يُهْدِيَ إِلَيَّ مِنْ فَاكِهَةِ الْجَنَّةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَمُوتَ وَ قَدْ كَانَ سَبَقَ فِي عِلْمِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى أَنْ لَا يَأْكُلَ آدَمُ مِنْ ثِمَارِ الْجَنَّةِ حَتَّى يَعُودَ إِلَيْهَا
Adam-as called Shees-as and said: ‘O my-as son-as! Go out and present to Jibraeel-as or to one you-as meet from the Angels and inform him of my-as pain, and ask him that he guides to me-as from the fruits of the Paradise before I-as die, and it has preceded in the Knowledge of Allah-azwj the Exalted that Adam-as will not eat from the fruits of the Paradise until he-as returns to Him-azwj’.
فَخَرَجَ شَيْثٌ فَلَقِيَ جَمَاعَةً مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ فَأَبْلَغَهُمْ مَا أَمَرَهُ آدَمُ فَقَالَ جَبْرَئِيلُ يَا شَيْثُ آجَرَكَ اللَّهُ فِي أَبِيكَ فَقَدْ قَضَى نَحْبَهُ- فَأُهْبِطْنَا لِنَحْضُرَ الصَّلَاةَ عَلَى أَبِيكَ
Shees-as went out and met a group of Angels and delivered to them what Adam-as had instructed him-as. Jibraeel-as said: ‘O Shees-as! May Allah-azwj Recompense you-as regarding your-as father-as for his-as time has expired, so we have descended to attend the Salat upon your-as father-as’.
فَانْصَرَفَ مَعَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ فَوَجَدَ أَبَاهُ قَدْ مَاتَ فَغَسَّلَهُ شَيْثٌ مَعَ جَبْرَئِيلَ ع فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ شَيْثٌ مِنْ غُسْلِهِ قَالَ لِجَبْرَئِيلَ تَقَدَّمْ فَصَلِّ عَلَى آدَمَ فَقَالَ لَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ إِنَّا مَعَاشِرَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ أُمِرْنَا بِالسُّجُودِ لِأَبِيكَ وَ لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنَّا أَنْ يَتَقَدَّمَ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ الْأَوْصِيَاءِ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ
He-as left with the Angels and found him-as to have passed away. Shees-as washed him-as along with Jibraeel-as. When Shees-as was free from washing him-as, said to Jibraeel-as: ‘Proceed and pray Salat upon Adam-as’. Jibraeel-as said to him-as: ‘We, the community of Angels were Commanded with the Sajdah to your-as father-as, and it isn’t for any one from us to proceed in front of the successors-as from his-as offspring’.
قَالَ فَتَقَدَّمَ شَيْثٌ فَصَلَّى عَلَى آدَمَ فَكَبَّرَ عَلَيْهِ ثَلَاثِينَ تَكْبِيرَةً بِأَمْرِ جَبْرَئِيلَ فَأَقْبَلَ قَابِيلُ عَلَى شَيْثٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَيْنَ الَّذِي دَفَعَهُ إِلَيْكَ أَبُوكَ مِمَّا كَانَ دَفَعَهُ إِلَى هَابِيلَ
He-asws said: ‘Shees-as went ahead and prayed Salat upon Adam-as and exclaimed Takbeer upon him-as by thirty Takbeers by an instruction of Jibraeel-as. Qabeel-la came to Shees-as and said to him-as, ‘Where is that which your-as father-as handed over to you-as from what he-as had handed over to Habeel-as?’
فَأَنْكَرَ ذَلِكَ وَ عَلِمَ أَنَّهُ إِنْ أَقَرَّ قَتَلَهُ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ شَيْثٌ يُخْبِرُ الْعَقِبَ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ وَ يُبَشِّرُهُمْ بِبِعْثَةِ نُوحٍ وَ يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالْكِتْمَانِ وَ إِنَّ آدَمَ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ بَشَّرَهُ بِأَنَّهُ بَاعِثٌ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ نَبِيّاً يُقَالُ لَهُ نُوحٌ يَدْعُو قَوْمَهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ فَيُكَذِّبُونَهُ فَيُهْلِكُهُمْ بِالْغَرَقِ وَ كَانَ بَيْنَ آدَمَ وَ نُوحٍ عَشَرَةُ آبَاءٍ
He-as denied that and knew that if he-as accepts, he-la would kill him-as. Shees-as did not cease to inform the posterity from his-as offspring and giving them the glad tidings of Noah-as and instructed them with the concealment, and that Adam-as had informed him-as that Allah-azwj had Given him-as the glad tidings that a Prophet-as would be Sent from his-as offspring, called Noah-as, calling his-as people to Allah-azwj, but they would belie him-as and He-azwj would Destroy them with the drowning. And there were ten fathers (generations) between Adam-as and Noah-as.[89]
7- ج، الإحتجاج عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ تَغْلِبَ قَالَ: دَخَلَ طَاوُسٌ الْيَمَانِيُّ إِلَى الطَّوَافِ وَ مَعَهُ صَاحِبٌ لَهُ فَإِذَا هُوَ بِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع يَطُوفُ أَمَامَهُ وَ هُوَ شَابٌّ حَدَثٌ فَقَالَ طَاوُسٌ لِصَاحِبِهِ إِنَّ هَذَا الْفَتَى لَعَالِمٌ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ طَوَافِهِ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ جَلَسَ فَأَتَاهُ النَّاسُ فَقَالَ طَاوُسٌ لِصَاحِبِهِ نَذْهَبُ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع نَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ لَا أَدْرِي عِنْدَهُ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ
‘Al-Ihtijaj’ – From Aban Bin Tablugh who said,
‘Tawoos Al-Yamani went to do the Tawaaf and with him was a companion of his, and there he was with Abu Ja’far-asws performing Tawaaf in front of him and he-as was a young adult. Tawoos said to his companion, ‘This youth is a knowledgeable one’. When he-asws was free from his-as Tawaaf, he-as prayed two Cycles of Salat, then was seated. The people came to him-asws, and Tawoos said to his companion, ‘We should go to Abu Ja’far-asws to ask him-asws about, I don’t know whether there is anything with him-as with regards to it.
فَأَتَيَاهُ فَسَلَّمَا عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ طَاوُسٌ يَا أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ هَلْ تَعْلَمُ أَيَّ يَوْمٍ مَاتَ ثُلُثُ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ لَمْ يَمُتْ ثُلُثُ النَّاسِ قَطُّ بَلْ إِنَّمَا أَرَدْتَ رُبُعَ النَّاسِ قَالَ وَ كَيْفَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ كَانَ آدَمُ وَ حَوَّاءُ وَ قَابِيلُ وَ هَابِيلُ فَقَتَلَ قَابِيلُ هَابِيلَ فَذَلِكَ رُبُعُ النَّاسِ
They came to him-asws and greeted him-as, then Tawoos said to him-asws, ‘O Abu Ja’far-asws! Do you-asws know which day a third of the people died?’ He-asws said: ‘O Abu Abdul Rahman! A third of the people did not die at all, but rather you mean a quarter of the people!’ He said, ‘And how is that?’ He-asws said: ‘There were Adam-as, and Hawwa-as, and Qabeel-la, and Habeel-as. Then, Qabeel-la killed Habeel-as, and that was a quarter of the people’.
قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع هَلْ تَدْرِي مَا صُنِعَ بِقَابِيلَ قَالَ لَا قَالَ عُلِّقَ بِالشَّمْسِ يُنْضَحُ بِالْمَاءِ الْحَارِّ إِلَى أَنْ تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ
He said, ‘You-asws speak the truth’. Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘Do you know what was done with Qabeel-la?’ He said, ‘No’. He-asws said: ‘He-la is suspended with the (heat of the) sun, sprinkled with the hot water up to the establishment of the Hour.[90]
8- فس، تفسير القمي عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنِ الثُّمَالِيِّ عَنْ ثُوَيْرِ بْنِ أَبِي فَاخِتَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ ع يُحَدِّثُ رَجُلًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ قَالَ لَمَّا قَرَّبَ أَبْنَاءُ آدَمَ الْقُرْبَانَ قَرَّبَ أَحَدُهُمَا أَسْمَنَ كَبْشٍ كَانَ فِي ضَأْنِهِ وَ قَرَّبَ الْآخَرُ ضِغْثاً مِنْ سُنْبُلٍ فَتُقُبِّلَ مِنْ صَاحِبِ الْكَبْشِ وَ هُوَ هَابِيلُ وَ لَمْ يُتَقَبَّلْ مِنَ الْآخَرِ
‘Tafseer Al-Qummi’ – From Ibn Mahboub, from Hisham Bin Salim, from Al Sumaly, from Suweyr Bin Abu Al Fakhta who said,
‘I heard Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws narrating to a man from Quraysh. He-asws said: ‘When the two sons of Adam-as offered offerings, one of them offered a fat ram which was in his flock and the other one a bunch of wheat. It was Accepted from the owner of the ram and he-as is Habeel-as, and it was not Accepted from the other.
فَغَضِبَ قَابِيلُ- فَقَالَ لِهَابِيلَ وَ اللَّهِ لَأَقْتُلَنَّكَ فَقَالَ هَابِيلُ إِنَّما يَتَقَبَّلُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْمُتَّقِينَ لَئِنْ بَسَطْتَ إِلَيَّ يَدَكَ لِتَقْتُلَنِي ما أَنَا بِباسِطٍ يَدِيَ إِلَيْكَ لِأَقْتُلَكَ إِنِّي أَخافُ اللَّهَ رَبَّ الْعالَمِينَ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ تَبُوءَ بِإِثْمِي وَ إِثْمِكَ فَتَكُونَ مِنْ أَصْحابِ النَّارِ وَ ذلِكَ جَزاءُ الظَّالِمِينَ فَطَوَّعَتْ لَهُ نَفْسُهُ قَتْلَ أَخِيهِ
Qabeel-la was angered and said to Habeel-as, ‘By Allah-azwj, ‘I will kill you’. He (Habeel) said: ‘But rather, Allah only Accepts from the pious ones [5:27] If you extend your hand towards me to kill me, I would not extend a hand towards you to kill you. I fear Allah, Lord of the worlds [5:28] I want that you should occupy with my sin (of killing me) and your sin, so you would happen to be from the inmates of the Fire, and that is a Recompense of the unjust’ [5:29] Then his self-facilitated to him killing of his brother [5:30]’.
فَلَمْ يَدْرِ كَيْفَ يَقْتُلُهُ حَتَّى جَاءَ إِبْلِيسُ فَعَلَّمَهُ فَقَالَ ضَعْ رَأْسَهُ بَيْنَ حَجَرَيْنِ ثُمَّ اشْدَخْهُ فَلَمَّا قَتَلَهُ لَمْ يَدْرِ مَا يَصْنَعُ بِهِ فَجَاءَ غُرَابَانِ فَأَقْبَلَا يَتَضَارَبَانِ حَتَّى اقْتَتَلَا فَقَتَلَ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ ثُمَّ حَفَرَ الَّذِي بَقِيَ الْأَرْضَ بِمَخَالِبِهِ وَ دَفَنَ فِيهِ صَاحِبَهُ
But, he-la did not know how to kill him-as until Iblees-la came and taught him-la and said, ‘Place his-as head between two stones then crush him-as’. When he-la had killed him-as, he-la did not know what to do with him-as. Then, two crows came and started fighting until one of them killed its companion, then the one which had remained dug up a hole in the ground with its beak and buried its companion in it.
قَالَ قَابِيلُ يا وَيْلَتى أَ عَجَزْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِثْلَ هذَا الْغُرابِ فَأُوارِيَ سَوْأَةَ أَخِي فَأَصْبَحَ مِنَ النَّادِمِينَ فَحَفَرَ لَهُ حَفِيرَةً وَ دَفَنَ فِيهَا فَصَارَتْ سُنَّةً يَدْفِنُونَ الْمَوْتَى
Qabeel-la said, O woe be unto me! Am I frustrated from becoming like this crow and cover the shame of (killing) my brother?’ Thus, he became of the remorseful ones [5:31]. Then he-la dug a hole for him-as and buried him-as in it, and it became a Sunnah to bury the dead.
فَرَجَعَ قَابِيلُ إِلَى أَبِيهِ فَلَمْ يَرَ مَعَهُ هَابِيلَ فَقَالَ لَهُ آدَمُ أَيْنَ تَرَكْتَ ابْنِي قَالَ لَهُ قَابِيلُ أَرْسَلْتَنِي عَلَيْهِ رَاعِياً فَقَالَ آدَمُ انْطَلِقْ مَعِي إِلَى مَكَانِ الْقُرْبَانِ وَ أَحَسَّ قَلْبُ آدَمَ بِالَّذِي فَعَلَ قَابِيلُ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ مَكَانَ الْقُرْبَانِ اسْتَبَانَ قَتْلُهُ
Qabeel-la returned to his-la father-as, but he-as did not find Habeel-as with him-la, so he-as said to him-la: ‘Where did you-la leave my-as son-as?’ Qabeel-la said to him-as, ‘Did you-as send me-la as a shepherd upon him-as?’ Adam-as said: ‘Come with me-as to the place of the offering’, and the heart of Adam-as sense that which Qabeel-la had done. When they reached the place of the offering, it became clear than he-la had killed him-as.
فَلَعَنَ آدَمُ الْأَرْضَ الَّتِي قَبِلَتْ دَمَ هَابِيلَ وَ أُمِرَ آدَمُ أَنْ يَلْعَنَ قَابِيلَ وَ نُودِيَ قَابِيلُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ لُعِنْتَ كَمَا قَتَلْتَ أَخَاكَ وَ لِذَلِكَ لَا تَشْرَبُ الْأَرْضُ الدَّمَ
Adam-as cursed the ground which accept the blood of Habeel-as and instructed that Qabeel-la be cursed, and Qabeel-la was called out to from the sky: “You-la are Cursed as you-la killed your-la brother-as, and for that, the ground will not drink the blood!”
فَانْصَرَفَ آدَمُ فَبَكَى عَلَى هَابِيلَ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً وَ لَيْلَةً فَلَمَّا جَزِعَ عَلَيْهِ شَكَا ذَلِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ أَنِّي وَاهِبٌ لَكَ ذَكَراً يَكُونُ خَلَفاً مِنْ هَابِيلَ فَوَلَدَتْ حَوَّاءُ غُلَاماً زَكِيّاً مُبَارَكاً فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ السَّابِعِ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ يَا آدَمُ إِنَّ هَذَا الْغُلَامَ هِبَةٌ مِنِّي لَكَ فَسَمِّهِ هِبَةَ اللَّهِ فَسَمَّاهُ آدَمُ هِبَةَ اللَّهِ
Adam-as left and cried over Habeel-as for forty days and nights. When there was alarm upon him-as, he-as complained of that to Allah-azwj. Allah-azwj Revealed to him-as: “I-azwj shall Grant a male child to you-as who will be a replacement of Habeel-as. Then, Hawwa-as gave birth to a boy, Blessed, Pure. When it was the seventh day, Allah-azwj Revealed to him-as: “O Adam-as! This boy is a Gift from Me-azwj to you-as, therefore name him-as as ‘Hibtullah’. Adam-as named him-as as ‘Hibtullah.[91]
9- فس، تفسير القمي أَبِي عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: كُنْتُ جَالِساً مَعَهُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ فَإِذَا طَاوُسٌ فِي جَانِبٍ يُحَدِّثُ أَصْحَابَهُ حَتَّى قَالَ أَ تَدْرِي أَيَّ يَوْمٍ قُتِلَ نِصْفُ النَّاسِ فَأَجَابَهُ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع فَقَالَ أَوْ رُبُعُ النَّاسِ
‘Tafseer Al-Qummi’ – My father, from Usman Bin Isa, from Abu Ayoub, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws (he the narrator) said, ‘I was seated with him-asws in the Sacred Masjid, and there was Tawoos by the side discussing with his companion until he said, ‘Do you know which day half the people were killed?’ Abu Ja’far-asws answered him saying: ‘Or (you mean) a quarter of the people, O Tawoos’. He said, ‘Or a quarter of the people’.
يَا طَاوُسُ- فَقَالَ أَوْ رُبُعُ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ أَ تَدْرِي مَا صُنِعَ بِالْقَاتِلِ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ هَذِهِ لَمَسْأَلَةٌ فَلَمَّا كَانَ مِنَ الْغَدِ غَدَوْتُ عَلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فَوَجَدْتُهُ قَدْ لَبِسَ ثِيَابَهُ وَ هُوَ قَاعِدٌ عَلَى الْبَابِ يَنْتَظِرُ الْغُلَامَ أَنْ يُسْرِجَ لَهُ فَاسْتَقْبَلَنِي بِالْحَدِيثِ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَسْأَلَهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ بِالْهِنْدِ أَوْ مِنْ وَرَاءِ الْهِنْدِ- رجل معقول [رَجُلًا مَعْقُولًا] بِرِجْلٍ يَلْبَسُ الْمِسْحَ مُوَكَّلٌ بِهِ عَشْرَةُ نَفَرٍ
He-asws said: ‘Do you know what happened with Qabeel-la?’ I said, “This is the question.” When it was the morning, I came early to Abu Ja’far-asws and found him-asws wearing his-asws clothes (no Ihraam) while sitting at the door awaiting the servant to saddle for him-asws. He-asws welcomed me with the Hadeeth before I asked him-asws and he-asws said: ‘In India, or from behind India, there is a man wearing coarse clothes, ten people having been allocated with him.
كُلَّمَا مَاتَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ أَخْرَجَ أَهْلُ الْقَرْيَةِ بَدَلَهُ فَالنَّاسُ يَمُوتُونَ وَ الْعَشْرَةُ لَا يَنْقُصُونَ وَ يَسْتَقْبِلُونَ بِوَجْهِهِ الشَّمْسَ حِينَ تَطْلُعُ يُدِيرُونَهُ مَعَهَا حَتَّى تَغِيبَ ثُمَّ يَصُبُّونَ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْبَرْدِ الْمَاءَ الْبَارِدَ وَ فِي الْحَرِّ الْمَاءَ الْحَارَّ
Every time a man from them dies, the people of the town bring out his replacement. The people are dying and the ten are not reducing, and they are facing his face towards the sun when it emerges, orbiting with it until it sets. Then they pour cold water upon him in the cold (winter), and in the heat (summer), hot water’.
قَالَ فَمَرَّ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ لَهُ مَنْ أَنْتَ يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ فَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ وَ نَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِمَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ أَحْمَقَ النَّاسِ وَ إِمَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ أَعْقَلَ النَّاسِ إِنِّي لَقَائِمٌ هَاهُنَا مُنْذُ قَامَتِ الدُّنْيَا مَا سَأَلَنِي أَحَدٌ غَيْرُكَ مَنْ أَنْتَ
He-asws said: ‘A man from the people passed by him and said to him, ‘Who are you, O servant of Allah-azwj?’ He raised his head and looked at him, then said, ‘Either you happen to be the most stupid of the people or you are the most intellectual of the people. I have been standing here since the world was established, not one has asked me, ‘Who are you?
ثُمَّ قَالَ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُ ابْنُ آدَمَ- قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ مِنْ أَجْلِ ذلِكَ كَتَبْنا عَلى بَنِي إِسْرائِيلَ أَنَّهُ مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْساً بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ أَوْ فَسادٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَكَأَنَّما قَتَلَ النَّاسَ جَمِيعاً وَ لَفْظُ الْآيَةِ خَاصٌّ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَ مَعْنَاهَا عَامٌّ جَارٍ فِي النَّاسِ كُلِّهِمْ
Then he-asws said: ‘They are claiming he is a son of Adam-as. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: For that reason We Prescribed upon the Children of Israel that the one who kills a soul for other than a soul (in retaliation), or (for) mischief in the earth, then it would be as if he killed the entirety of the people; [5:32], and the wording of the Verse is special for the Children of Israel, and its meaning is general, flowing regarding the people, all of them.[92]
10- فس، تفسير القمي أَبِي عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شَمِرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ص- فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ رَأَيْتُ أَمْراً عَظِيماً فَقَالَ وَ مَا رَأَيْتَ قَالَ كَانَ لِي مَرِيضٌ وَ نُعِتَ لَهُ مَاءٌ مِنْ بِئْرِ الْأَحْقَافِ يُسْتَشْفَى بِهِ فِي بَرَهُوتَ قَالَ فَتَهَيَّأْتُ وَ مَعِي قِرْبَةٌ وَ قَدَحٌ لِآخُذَ مِنْ مَائِهَا وَ أَصُبَّ فِي الْقِرْبَةِ إِذَا شَيْءٌ قَدْ هَبَطَ مِنْ جَوِّ السَّمَاءِ كَهَيْئَةِ السِّلْسِلَةِ وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ يَا هَذَا اسْقِنِي السَّاعَةَ أَمُوتُ
‘Tafseer Al-Qummi’ – My father, from Ahmad Bin Al Nazar, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘A man came up to the Prophet-saww, and he said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! I saw (dream) a great matter’. He-saww said: ‘And what did you see?’ He said, ‘I had a patient and wanted to cure him by the well water at Al-Ahqaf in order to cure him in Barhoot. He said, ‘I ended up at it, and with me was a canteen and a cup to take the water from it. I poured into the canteen and there was something in it which had fallen from the atmosphere of the sky, like a chain, and he (the person connected to the chain) was saying, ‘O you! Quench me, or else I would die this very moment!’
فَرَفَعْتُ رَأْسِي وَ رَفَعْتُ إِلَيْهِ الْقَدَحَ لِأَسْقِيَهُ فَإِذَا رَجُلٌ فِي عُنُقِهِ سِلْسِلَةٌ فَلَمَّا ذَهَبْتُ أُنَاوِلُهُ الْقَدَحَ اجْتُذِبَ حَتَّى عُلِّقَ بِالشَّمْسِ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلْتُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ أَغْرِفُ إِذْ أَقْبَلَ الثَّانِيَةَ وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ الْعَطَشَ الْعَطَشَ يَا هَذَا اسْقِنِي السَّاعَةَ أَمُوتُ فَرَفَعْتُ الْقَدَحَ لِأَسْقِيَهُ فَاجْتُذِبَ حَتَّى عُلِّقَ بِالشَّمْسِ حَتَّى فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ الثَّالِثَةَ فَشَدَدْتُ قِرْبَتِي وَ لَمْ أَسْقِهِ
I raised my head, and raised the cup towards him to quench him, and there was a man who had been chained to his neck. When I went to pass him the cup, it was captured from me until it was cast towards the sun. Then I came over to the water to scoop it for a second time, and he was saying, ‘Thirst! Thirst! O you, quench me, or else I would die this very moment!’ But it was seized from me and cast towards the sun, to the extent that it happened for a third time. I stood up and pulled my canteen and did not quench him’.
فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص ذَاكَ قَابِيلُ بْنُ آدَمَ قَتَلَ أَخَاهُ وَ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِهِ لا يَسْتَجِيبُونَ لَهُمْ بِشَيْءٍ إِلَّا كَباسِطِ كَفَّيْهِ إِلَى الْماءِ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ إِلَّا فِي ضَلالٍ
Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘That is Qabeel-la son of Adam-as who killed his-la brother-as. And these are the Words of the Mighty and Majestic: and those who are being supplicated to from the ones besides Him are not answering to them with anything, but it’s like the one who extends his hands to the water to make it reach his mouth, and it does not reach it, and what is a supplication of the Kafirs except for straying? [13:14].[93]
11- ع، علل الشرائع ل، الخصال ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام سَأَلَ الشَّامِيُّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ يَوْمَ يَفِرُّ الْمَرْءُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ فَقَالَ ع قَابِيلُ يَفِرُّ مِنْ هَابِيلَ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – The Syrian asked Amir Al-Momineen-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: (It would be) a Day the person will flee from his own brother [80:34]. He-asws said: ‘Qabeel-la would flee from Habeel-as’.
وَ سَأَلَهُ ع عَنْ يَوْمِ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ وَ التَّطَيُّرِ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ ع هُوَ آخِرُ أَرْبِعَاءَ وَ هُوَ الْمُحَاقُ وَ فِيهِ قَتَلَ قَابِيلُ هَابِيلَ أَخَاهُ
And he-asws was asked about the Wednesday and the fleeing from it. He-asws said: ‘It is the last Wednesday and it is the waning (of the new moon), and during it Qabeel-la killed Habeel-as his-la brother-as.[94]
12- ل، الخصال ابْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ حَنَانِ بْنِ سَدِيرٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّ أَشَدَّ النَّاسِ عَذَاباً يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ لَسَبْعَةُ نَفَرٍ أَوَّلُهُمُ ابْنُ آدَمَ الَّذِي قَتَلَ أَخَاهُ وَ نُمْرُودُ الَّذِي حَاجَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي رَبِّهِ وَ اثْنَانِ فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ هَوَّدَا قَوْمَهُمْ وَ نَصَّرَاهُمْ وَ فِرْعَوْنُ الَّذِي قَالَ أَنَا رَبُّكُمُ الْأَعْلى وَ اثْنَانِ فِي هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ
‘Al Khisaal’ – Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Ibn Marouf, from Ibn Mahboub, from Hanan Bin Sadeyr,
‘From a man from the companions of Abu Abdullah-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I heard him-asws saying: ‘The severest of the people in Punishment on the Day of Qiyamah would be seven persons, the first of them being the son-la of Adam-as who killed his-la brother-as, and Nimrod-la who argued Ibrahim-as regarding his-as Lord-azwj, and two from the Children of Israel, one who Judaised his people and one who Christianised them, and Pharah-la who said, ‘I am your lord, the most exalted!’ [79:24], and two (Abu Bakr and Umar) from this community.[95]
13- ل، الخصال الدَّقَّاقُ عَنِ ابْنِ زَكَرِيَّا الْقَطَّانِ عَنِ ابْنِ حَبِيبٍ عَنْ نُصَيْرِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ نَصْرِ بْنِ مُزَاحِمٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَعْلَى عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ عَنْ أَبِي حَرْبِ بْنِ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ يَقُولُ مِنْ شَرِّ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ خَمْسَةٌ- إِبْلِيسُ وَ ابْنُ آدَمَ الَّذِي قَتَلَ أَخَاهُ وَ فِرْعَوْنُ ذُو الْأَوْتَادِ وَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ رَدَّهُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِمْ وَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ يُبَايَعُ عَلَى كُفْرٍ عِنْدَ بَابِ لُدٍّ
‘Al Khisaal’ – Al Daqaq, from Ibn Zakariya Al Qatan, from Ibn Habeeb, from Naseyr Bin Ubeyd, from Nasr Bin Mazahim, from Yahya Bin Ya’la, from Yahya Bin Salma Bin Kaheyl, from his father, from Salim Bin Abu Al Ja’ad, from Abu Harb Bin Abu Al Aswad, from a man from the people of Syria, from his father who said,
‘I heard the Prophet-saww saying: ‘The evils of the creatures of Allah-azwj are five – Iblees-la, and the son-la of Adam-as who killed his-la brother-as, and Pharaoh with the pegs [38:12], and a man from the Children of Israel who reneged them from their Religion, and a man from this community pledged allegiance to upon Kufr at the door of Ladd (a place)’.
قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنِّي لَمَّا رَأَيْتُ مُعَاوِيَةَ يُبَايَعُ عِنْدَ بَابِ لُدٍّ ذَكَرْتُ قَوْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَلَحِقْتُ بِعَلِيٍّ ع فَكُنْتُ مَعَهُ
He (the narrator) said, ‘Then he-asws said: ‘When Muawiya saw the allegiance at the door of Ladd, he remembered the words of Rasool-Allah-saww, so he went with Ali-asws and was with him-asws.[96]
14- ع، علل الشرائع ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام ل، الخصال سَأَلَ الشَّامِيُ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع عَنْ أَوَّلِ مَنْ قَالَ الشِّعْرَ قَالَ آدَمُ فَقَالَ وَ مَا كَانَ شِعْرُهُ قَالَ لَمَّا أُنْزِلَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَرَأَى تُرْبَتَهَا وَ سِعَتَهَا وَ هَوَاهَا وَ قَتَلَ قَابِيلُ هَابِيلَ فَقَالَ آدَمُ ع
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – The Syrian asked Amir Al-Momineen-asws about the first one to say the poetry. He-asws said: ‘Adam-as’. He said, ‘And what was his-as poem?’ He-asws said: ‘When he-as descended to the earth from the sky, he-as saw its soil and its expanse, and its atmosphere, and Qabeel-la killed Habeel-as, Adam-as said (in prose):
| تَغَيَّرَتِ الْبِلَادُ وَ مَنْ عَلَيْهَا | فَوَجْهُ الْأَرْضِ مُغْبَرٌّ قَبِيحٌ | |
| تَغَيَّرَ كُلُّ ذِي لَوْنٍ وَ طَعْمٍ | وَ قَلَّ بَشَاشَةُ الْوَجْهِ الْمَلِيحِ |
‘The country has changed and the ones upon it, and surface of the earth is dusty, ugly, changing every one with colour and taste, and the honour of the face is reduced, bitter’.
فَأَجَابَهُ إِبْلِيسُ
| تَنَحَّ عَنِ الْبِلَادِ وَ سَاكِنِيهَا | فَبِي بِالْخُلْدِ ضَاقَ بِكَ الْفَسِيحُ | |
| وَ كُنْتَ بِهَا وَ زَوْجُكَ فِي قَرَارٍ | وَ قَلْبُكَ مِنْ أَذَى الدُّنْيَا مَرِيحٌ | |
| فَلَمْ تَنْفَكَّ مِنْ كَيْدِي وَ مَكْرِي | إِلَى أَنْ فَاتَكَ الثَّمَنُ الرَّبِيحُ | |
| فَلَوْ لَا رَحْمَةُ الْجَبَّارِ أَضْحَتْ | بِكَفِّكَ مِنْ جِنَانِ الْخُلْدِ رِيحٌ |
Iblees-la answered him-as, ‘Isolate from the country and its dwellers. You-as were with me-la in the eternal (Garden) but the expanse was narrow for you-as, and you-as and your-as were in tranquillity, and your-as heart is comfortable with the harm of the world, but it will not benefit you-as from my-la plots and traps, until the price of the profit is lost. Had it not been for the Mercy of the Subduer, you-as would have sacrificed from the eternal Gardens with your-as ransom with a complete wind.[97]
15- ع، علل الشرائع الدَّقَّاقُ عَنِ الْكُلَيْنِيِّ عَنْ عَلَّانَ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ: سَأَلَ يَهُودِيٌّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع لِمَ قِيلَ لِلْفَرَسِ إِجِدْ وَ لِمَ قِيلَ لِلْبَغْلِ عَدْ وَ لِمَ قِيلَ لِلْحِمَارِ حَرِّ
Al Daqaq, from Al Kulayni, from Alaan, raising it, said,
‘A Jew asked Amir Al-Momineen-asws, ‘Why is it said to the horse, ‘Ajad’? And why is it said to the mule ‘Ad’? And why is it said to the donkey ‘Hurr’?’
فَقَالَ ع إِنَّمَا قِيلَ لِلْفَرَسِ إِجِدْ لِأَنَّ أَوَّلَ مَنْ رَكِبَ الْخَيْلَ قَابِيلُ يَوْمَ قَتَلَ أَخَاهُ هَابِيلَ وَ أَنْشَأَ يَقُولُ
| إِجِدِ الْيَوْمَ وَ مَا | تَرَكَ النَّاسُ دَماً | |
فَقِيلَ لِلْفَرَسِ إِجِدْ لِذَلِكَ
He-asws said: ‘But rather it is said to the horse, ‘Ajad’ because the first one to ride the horse was Qabeel-la on the day he-la killed his-la brother-as and he-la prosed saying, ‘Today I-la have found (Ajad) blood what the people neglected’. Thus ‘Ajad’ is said for the horse due to that.
وَ إِنَّمَا قِيلَ لِلْبَغْلِ عَدْ لِأَنَّ أَوَّلَ مَنْ رَكِبَ الْبَغْلَ آدَمُ ع وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَهُ ابْنٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ مَعَدُ وَ كَانَ عَشُوقاً لِلدَّوَابِّ وَ كَانَ يَسُوقُ بِآدَمَ ع فَإِذَا تَقَاعَسَ الْبَغْلُ نَادَى يَا مَعَدُ سُقْهَا فَأُلْقِبَتِ الْبَغْلَةُ اسْمَ مَعَدٍ- فَتَرَكَ النَّاسُ مَعَدَ وَ قَالُوا عَدْ
But rather it is said to the mules ‘Ad’, because the first one to ride the mule was Adam-as, and that is he-as had a son called Ma’ad, and he liked the animals, and he used to usher with Adam-as. So, when the mule failed to perform, he-as said: ‘O Ma’ad, quench it’. Thus, the name of the mule came to be accustomed with the name of Ma’ad. The people dropped the ‘M’ from ‘Ma’ad’, and said, ‘Ad.
وَ إِنَّمَا قِيلَ لِلْحِمَارِ حَرِّ لِأَنَّ أَوَّلَ مَنْ رَكِبَ الْحِمَارَ حَوَّاءُ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَهَا حِمَارَةٌ وَ كَانَتْ تَرْكَبُهَا لِزِيَارَةِ قَبْرِ وَلَدِهَا هَابِيلَ فَكَانَتْ تَقُولُ فِي مَسِيرِهَا وَا حَرَّاهْ فَإِذَا قَالَتْ هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَاتِ سَارَتِ الْحِمَارَةُ وَ إِذَا أَمْسَكَتْ تَقَاعَسَتْ فَتَرَكَ النَّاسُ ذَلِكَ وَ قَالُوا حَرِّ الْخَبَرَ
But rather, it is said to the donkey, ‘Hurr’, because the first one to ride the donkey was Hawwa-as, and that is because she-as had a donkey, and she-as used to ride it for visitation of the grave of her-as son-as Habeel-as. She-as used to say in her-as journey, ‘Wahara’a’. Whenever she-as said it, the donkey travelled, and when she-as was silent, it stopped. The people neglected that and have been saying ‘Hurr’ – the Hadeeth’.[98]
16- ع، علل الشرائع أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ وَ ابْنِ عِيسَى مَعاً عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ وَ كَرَّامِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي الدَّيْلَمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ قَابِيلَ لَمَّا رَأَى النَّارَ قَدْ قَبِلَتْ قُرْبَانَ هَابِيلَ قَالَ لَهُ إِبْلِيسُ إِنَّ هَابِيلَ كَانَ يَعْبُدُ تِلْكَ النَّارَ فَقَالَ قَابِيلُ لَا أَعْبُدُ النَّارَ الَّتِي عَبَدَهَا هَابِيلُ وَ لَكِنْ أَعْبُدُ نَاراً أُخْرَى وَ أُقَرِّبُ قُرْبَاناً لَهَا فَتَقْبَلُ قُرْبَانِي فَبَنَى بُيُوتَ النَّارِ فَقَرَّبَ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ عِلْمٌ بِرَبِّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ لَمْ يَرِثْ مِنْهُ وُلْدُهُ إِلَّا عِبَادَةَ النِّيرَانِ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – My father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Abu Al Khatab and Ibn Isa both together, from Muhammad bin Sinan, from Ismail Bin Jabir, and Karam Bin Amro, from Abdul Hameed bin Abu Al Daylam,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When Qabeel-la saw the fire to have accepted the offering of Habeel-as, Iblees-la said to him-la, ‘Habeel-as was worshipping that fire’. Qabeel-la said, ‘I-la will not worship the fire which Habeel-as worshipped, but I-la shall worship another fire and offer offerings to it, and it will accept my-la offering. Then, he-la built house for the fire (worship) and offered, and there did not happen to be any knowledge with him-la of his-la Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and his-la children did not inherit from him-la except worshipping of the fire.[99]
17- ع، علل الشرائع ابْنُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أُورَمَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: كَانَتِ الْوُحُوشُ وَ الطَّيْرُ وَ السِّبَاعُ وَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مُخْتَلِطاً بَعْضُهُ بِبَعْضٍ فَلَمَّا قَتَلَ ابْنُ آدَمَ أَخَاهُ نَفَرَتْ وَ فَزِعَتْ فَذَهَبَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ إِلَى شَكْلِهِ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – Ibn Al Mutawakkal, from Muhammad Al Atar, from Ibn Aban, from Ibn Awrama, from Abdullah Bin Muhammad, from Hamad Bin Usman,
‘Fom Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The wild animals, and the birds and the predators, and all things Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Created mixed, part of it with part. When a son-la of Adam-as killed his-la brother-as, he-la fled and was horrified, and everything went to its form.[100]
18- ع، علل الشرائع عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ بُرَيْدٍ الْعِجْلِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْزَلَ حَوْرَاءَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ إِلَى آدَمَ فَزَوَّجَهَا أَحَدَ ابْنَيْهِ وَ تَزَوَّجَ الْآخَرُ الْجِنَ فَوَلَدَتَا جَمِيعاً فَمَا كَانَ مِنَ النَّاسِ مِنْ جَمَالٍ وَ حُسْنِ خَلْقٍ فَهُوَ مِنَ الْحَوْرَاءِ وَ مَا كَانَ فِيهِمْ مِنْ سُوءِ الْخَلْقِ فَمِنْ بِنْتِ الْجَانِّ وَ أَنْكَرَ أَنْ يَكُونَ زَوَّجَ بَنِيهِ مِنْ بَنَاتِهِ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – Ali Bin Hatim, from Abu Abdullah Bin Sabit, from Abdullah Bin Ahmad, from Al Qasim Ibn Urwa, from Bureyd Al Ajaly,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Sent down a Hourie from the Paradise to Adam-as, and he-as got her married to his-as son, and the other one married the Jinn, and they both gave birth. Whatever happens from the people from beauty, and good manners, it is from the Hourie, and whatever happens among them from the evil manners, is from the daughter of the Jaan, and I-asws deny that marriage happened between his-as sons and his-as daughters.[101]
19- ع، علل الشرائع أَبِي عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْجَوْزَاءِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُلْوَانَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حِينَ أَمَرَ آدَمَ أَنْ يَهْبِطَ هَبَطَ آدَمُ وَ زَوْجَتُهُ وَ هَبَطَ إِبْلِيسُ وَ لَا زَوْجَةَ لَهُ وَ هَبَطَتِ الْحَيَّةُ وَ لَا زَوْجَ لَهَا
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – My father, from Muhammad Al Ataar, from Al Ashary, from Abu Ja’far, from Abu Al Jowza, from Al-Husayn Bin Ulwan, from Amro Bin Khalid, from Zayd Bin Ali, from his forefathers,
‘From Ali-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘When Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Commanded Adam-as to go down, Adam-as and his-as wife-as went down, and Iblees-la went down and there was no wife for him-la, and the snake descended and there was no spouse for it.
فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ يَلُوطُ بِنَفْسِهِ إِبْلِيسُ- فَكَانَتْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ وَ كَذَلِكَ الْحَيَّةُ وَ كَانَتْ ذُرِّيَّةُ آدَمَ مِنْ زَوْجَتِهِ فَأَخْبَرَهُمَا أَنَّهُمَا عَدُوَّانِ لَهُمَا
The first one to sodomise himself was Iblees-la, and his-la offspring are from himself-la, and like that is the snake; and the offspring of Adam-as are from his-as wife-as. They-as were informed that those two were their-as enemies.[102]
20- ع، علل الشرائع أَبِي عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْبَغْدَادِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ عَنِ الدِّهْقَانِ عَنْ دُرُسْتَ عَنْ أَبِي خَالِدٍ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع النَّاسُ أَكْثَرُ أَمْ بَنُو آدَمَ فَقَالَ النَّاسُ قِيلَ وَ كَيْفَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ لِأَنَّكَ إِذَا قُلْتَ النَّاسُ دَخَلَ آدَمُ فِيهِمْ وَ إِذَا قُلْتَ بَنُو آدَمَ فَقَدْ تَرَكْتَ آدَمَ لَمْ تُدْخِلْهُ مَعَ بَنِيهِ فَلِذَلِكَ صَارَ النَّاسُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ وَ إِدْخَالِكَ إِيَّاهُ مَعَهُمْ وَ لَمَّا قُلْتَ بَنُو آدَمَ نَقَصَ آدَمُ مِنَ النَّاسِ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – My father, from Muhammad Al Atar, from Al Ashary, from Musa Bin Ja’far al Baghdady, from Ali Bin Ma’bad, from Al Dahqan, from Dorost, from Abu Khalid,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws was asked, ‘Are the people more numerous or the children of Adam-as?’ He-asws said: ‘The people’. It was said, ‘And how is that so?’ He-asws said: ‘Because when you say, ‘The people’, Adam-as is included among them, and when you say, ‘Children of Adam-as’, then you have left out Adam-as and did not include him-as along with his-as children. Therefore, due to that the people are more numerous than the children of Adam-as by your including him-as with them, and when you said, ‘Children of Adam-as’, Adam-as is reduced from the people.[103]
21- فس، تفسير القمي قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَنْ بَغَى عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ- عَنَاقُ بِنْتُ آدَمَ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ لَهَا عِشْرِينَ إِصْبَعاً فِي كُلِّ إِصْبَعٍ مِنْهَا ظُفُرَانِ طَوِيلَانِ كَالْمِنْجَلَيْنِ الْعَظِيمَيْنِ وَ كَانَ مَجْلِسُهَا فِي الْأَرْضِ مَوْضِعَ جَرِيبٍ
‘Tafseer Al-Qummi’ – Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘O you people! The first one to rebel against Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic upon the surface of the earth was Anaq daughter of Adam-as. Allah-azwj Created twenty fingers for her, each finger from her having two long nails like the great blades, and her seating in the ground was the place of her hair.
فَلَمَّا بَغَتْ بَعَثَ اللَّهُ لَهَا أَسَداً كَالْفِيلِ وَ ذِئْباً كَالْبَعِيرِ وَ نَسْراً كَالْحِمَارِ وَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي الْخَلْقِ الْأَوَّلِ فَسَلَّطَهُمُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهَا فَقَتَلُوهَا
When she rebelled, Allah-azwj Sent a lion to her like an elephant, and a wolf like the camel, and an eagle like the donkey (in sizes), and that was during the beginning of the creation. Allah-azwj Caused them to overcome her and kill her.[104]
22- مع، معاني الأخبار أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ يَرْفَعُ الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَخَذْتُمُوهُنَّ بِأَمَانَةِ اللَّهِ وَ اسْتَحْلَلْتُمْ فُرُوجَهُنَّ بِكَلِمَاتِ اللَّهِ فَأَمَّا الْأَمَانَةُ فَهِيَ الَّتِي أَخَذَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى آدَمَ حِينَ زَوَّجَهُ حَوَّاءَ وَ أَمَّا الْكَلِمَاتُ فَهُنَّ الْكَلِمَاتُ الَّتِي شَرَطَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِهَا عَلَى آدَمَ أَنْ يَعْبُدَهُ وَ لَا يُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْئاً وَ لَا يَزْنِيَ وَ لَا يَتَّخِذَ مِنْ دُونِهِ وَلِيّاً
‘Ma’any A; Akhbaar’ – My father, from Sa’ad, from Al Qasim Bin Muhammad, from Suleyman Bin Dawood, raising the Hadeeth, said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘You are taking them (women) as an entrustment of Allah-azwj and legalising their private parts by the Words of Allah-azwj. As for the entrustment, it is which Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Took upon Adam-as when He-azwj Married him-as to Hawwa-as, and as for the Words, so these are the Words which Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic stipulated with upon Adam-as that he-as would worship Him-azwj and not associate anything with Him-azwj, and he-as will not commit adultery nor take any guardian from besides Him-azwj.[105]
23- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ إِلَى الصَّدُوقِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ الْبَطَائِنِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ ابْنَ آدَمَ حِينَ قَتَلَ أَخَاهُ لَمْ يَدْرِ كَيْفَ يَقْتُلُهُ حَتَّى جَاءَ إِبْلِيسُ فَعَلَّمَهُ قَالَ ضَعْ رَأْسَهُ بَيْنَ حَجَرَيْنِ ثُمَّ اشْدَخْهُ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By the chain going up to Al Sadouq, from his father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Al Bazanty, from Abu Baseer,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When a son of Adam-as killed his brother, he did not know how to kill him until Iblees-la came and taught him-la, saying, ‘Place his-as head between two stones then crush him-as.[106]
24- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الصَّدُوقِ عَنْ مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أُورَمَةَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ الْعَبْقَرِيِّ عَنْ أَسْبَاطٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ حَدَّثَهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنَّ طَاوُساً قَالَ فِي مَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ أَوَّلُ دَمٍ وَقَعَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ دَمُ هَابِيلَ حِينَ قَتَلَهُ قَابِيلُ وَ هُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ قَتَلَ رُبُعَ النَّاسِ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By the chain from Al Sadouq, from Majaylawiyah, from Muhammad Al Attar, from Ibn Aban, from Ibn Awramah, from Umar Bin Usman, from Al Abqary, from Asbaat,
‘From a man who narrated it from Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws that Tawoos said in the Sacred Masjid, ‘The first blood to fall upon the earth was the blood of Habeel-as when Qabeel-la killed him-as, and he-la on that day killed a quarter of the people’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ زَيْنُ الْعَابِدِينَ ع لَيْسَ كَمَا قَالَ إِنَّ أَوَّلَ دَمٍ وَقَعَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ دَمُ حَوَّاءَ حِينَ حَاضَتْ يَوْمَئِذٍ قُتِلَ سُدُسُ النَّاسِ كَانَ يَوْمَئِذٍ آدَمُ وَ حَوَّاءُ وَ قَابِيلُ وَ هَابِيلُ وَ أُخْتَاهُمَا بِنْتَيْنِ كَانَتَا
Zayn Al-Abideen-asws said: ‘It isn’t as you say. Surely the first blood to fall upon the earth was the blood of Hawwa-as when she-as menstruated. On that day a sixth of the people were killed. On that day there were – Adam-as, and Hawwa-as, and Qabeel-la, and Habeel-as, and their two sisters, his-as two daughters’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ ع هَلْ تَدْرِي مَا صُنِعَ بِقَابِيلَ فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ لَا نَدْرِي فَقَالَ وَكَّلَ اللَّهُ بِهِ مَلَكَيْنِ يَطْلُعَانِ بِهِ مَعَ الشَّمْسِ إِذَا طَلَعَتْ وَ يَغْرُبَانِ بِهِ مَعَ الشَّمْسِ إِذَا غَرَبَتْ وَ يُنْضِجَانِهِ بِالْمَاءِ الْحَارِّ مَعَ حَرِّ الشَّمْسِ حَتَّى تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ
Then he-asws said: ‘Do you know what happen with Qabeel-la?’ The group said, ‘We don’t know’. He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Allocated two Angels with him-la, emerging to him-la with the sun when it emerges, and setting with him-la with the sun when it sets, and they will sprinkle him-la with the hot water with the heat of the sun until the establishment of the Hour.[107]
25- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ ابْنِ أُورَمَةَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ لَرَجُلًا أَتَى الْمَكَانَ الَّذِي فِيهِ ابْنُ آدَمَ فَرَآهُ مَعْقُولًا مَعَهُ عَشْرَةٌ مُوَكَّلُونَ بِهِ يَسْتَقْبِلُونَ بِوَجْهِهِ الشَّمْسَ حَيْثُمَا دَارَتْ فِي الصَّيْفِ وَ يُوقِدُونَ حَوْلَهُ النَّارَ فَإِذَا كَانَ الشِّتَاءُ يَصُبُّونَ عَلَيْهِ الْمَاءَ الْبَارِدَ وَ كُلَّمَا هَلَكَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْعَشْرَةِ أَخْرَجَ أَهْلُ الْقَرْيَةِ رَجُلًا
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By this chain, from Ibn Awrama, from Al Hassan Bin Ali, from Ibn Bakeyr,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘In the city there is a man who came to the place in which is the son-la of Adam-as and saw him reasonable, with him were ten (people) allocated with him, turning his face towards the sun wherever it turns in the summer, and they ignite the fire around him. When it is winter, they pour the cold water upon him, and every time a man from the ten dies, the people of the town bring out a man’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ مَا قِصَّتُكَ لِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ ابْتُلِيتَ بِهَذَا فَقَالَ لَقَدْ سَأَلْتَنِي عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ مَا سَأَلَنِي أَحَدٌ عَنْهَا قَبْلَكَ إِنَّكَ أَكْيَسُ النَّاسِ وَ إِنَّكَ لَأَحْمَقُ النَّاسِ
A man said to him, ‘O servant of Allah-azwj! What is your story, for which thing? you are being afflicted with this?’ He said, ‘You have asked me a question no one has asked me about it before you. Either you are the cleverest of the people or the most stupid of the people.[108]
26- ير، بصائر الدرجات أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع مِثْلَهُ وَ فِيهِ وَ إِنَّكَ لَأَحْمَقُ النَّاسِ أَوْ أَكْيَسُ النَّاسِ وَ زَادَ فِي آخِرِهِ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع أَ يُعَذَّبُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ قَالَ فَقَالَ وَ يَجْمَعُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ عَذَابَ الدُّنْيَا وَ الْآخِرَةِ
‘Basaair Al Darajaat’ – Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Bin Fazal, from his father, from Ibn Bakeyr, from Zurara,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws similar to it, and in it: ‘And you are either the stupidest of the people or the cleverest of the people’. And there is an increase at the end of it. He (the narrator) said, ‘I said to Abu Ja’far-asws, ‘Will he be Punished in the Hereafter?’ He-asws said: ‘And Allah-azwj will Gather upon him the punishments of the world and the Hereafter.[109]
27- بيان: كونه أكيس الناس لأنه سأل عما لم يسأل عنه أحد، وكونه أحمق الناس لانه سأل ذلك رجلا ” لم يؤمر ببيانه، وعلى ما في البصائر المراد أن السؤال عن غرائب الأمور قد يكون لغاية الكياسة، وقد يكون لنهاية الحمق.
(P.S. – This is not a Hadeeth)[110]
28- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ إِلَى الصَّدُوقِ عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ وَ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ مَعاً عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي الدَّيْلَمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: كَانَ هَابِيلُ رَاعِيَ الْغَنَمِ وَ كَانَ قَابِيلُ حَرَّاثاً فَلَمَّا بَلَغَا قَالَ لَهُمَا آدَمُ ع إِنِّي أُحِبُّ أَنْ تُقَرِّبَا إِلَى اللَّهِ قُرْبَاناً لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ يَتَقَبَّلُ مِنْكُمَا
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By the chain going up to Al Sadouq, from Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Safar, from Ibn Abu Al Khatab, from Muhammad, from Ismail Bin Jabir and Abdul Kareem both together, from Abdul Hameed Bin Abu Al Daylam,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Habeel-as reared the sheep and Qabeel-la was a farmer. When they were adults, Adam-as said to them: ‘I-as would love it if you could both offer an offering to Allah-azwj, perhaps Allah-azwj will Accept from you.
فَانْطَلَقَ هَابِيلُ إِلَى أَفْضَلِ كَبْشٍ فِي غَنَمِهِ فَقَرَّبَهُ الْتِمَاساً لِوَجْهِ اللَّهِ وَ مَرْضَاةِ أَبِيهِ فَأَمَّا قَابِيلُ فَإِنَّهُ قَرَّبَ الزُّوَانَ الَّذِي يَبْقَى فِي الْبَيْدَرِ الَّذِي لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ الْبَقَرُ أَنْ تَدُوسَهُ فَقَرَّبَ ضِغْثاً مِنْهُ لَا يُرِيدُ بِهِ وَجْهَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَ لَا رِضَى أَبِيهِ فَقَبِلَ اللَّهُ قُرْبَانَ هَابِيلَ وَ رَدَّ عَلَى قَابِيلَ قُرْبَانَهُ
Habeel-as went to the best ram among his flock and offered in seeking the Face of Allah-azwj and pleasure of his-as father-as. As for Qabeel-la, he-la offered the wheat thrashings which remain on the floor which the cows are not able to trample on and offered the half-rotten from it, not intending the Face of Allah-azwj the Exalted with it, nor the pleasure of his-la father-as. Allah-azwj Accepted the offering of Habeel-as and Rejected unto Qabeel-la his-la offering.
فَقَالَ إِبْلِيسُ لِقَابِيلَ إِنَّهُ يَكُونُ لِهَذَا عَقِبٌ يَفْتَخِرُونَ عَلَى عَقِبِكَ بِأَنْ قُبِلَ قُرْبَانُ أَبِيهِمْ فَاقْتُلْهُ حَتَّى لَا يَكُونَ لَهُ عَقِبٌ فَقَتَلَهُ
Iblees-la said to Qabeel-la, ‘There will happen to be posterity for him-as who would be priding over your-la posterity that the offering of their father-as was Accepted from him-as, therefore kill him-as until there does not happen to be any posterity for him-as’. He-la killed him-as.
فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى جَبْرَئِيلَ فَأَجَنَّهُ فَقَالَ قَابِيلُ يا وَيْلَتى أَ عَجَزْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِثْلَ هذَا الْغُرابِ يَعْنِي بِهِ مِثْلَ هَذَا الْغَرِيبِ الَّذِي لَا أَعْرِفُهُ جَاءَ وَ دَفَنَ أَخِي وَ لَمْ أَهْتَدِ لِذَلِكَ وَ نُودِيَ قَابِيلُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ لُعِنْتَ لِمَا قَتَلْتَ أَخَاكَ وَ بَكَى آدَمُ عَلَى هَابِيلَ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً وَ لَيْلَةً
Allah-azwj the Exalted Sent Jibraeel-as to bury him-as. Qabeel-la said, ‘O woe be unto me-la! Am I-la unable from becoming like this crow?’ – meaning by this like this stranger whom he-la did not recognise – ‘who came and buried my-la brother-as and not be guided to that?’ And Qabeel-la was Called out to from the sky: “You-la are Cursed due to having killed your-la brother!” And Adam-as cried upon Habeel-as for forty days and nights.[111]
29- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الصَّدُوقِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَ السَّلَامُ قَالَ: لَمَّا أَوْصَى آدَمُ ع إِلَى هَابِيلَ حَسَدَهُ قَابِيلُ فَقَتَلَهُ فَوَهَبَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لآِدَمَ هِبَةَ اللَّهِ وَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُوصِيَ إِلَيْهِ وَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَكْتُمَ ذَلِكَ
‘Qasaas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By the chain from Al Sadouq, from his father, from Ali, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Al Hakam,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When Adam-as bequeathed to Habeel-as, Qabeel-la envied him-as and killed him-as. Then, Allah-azwj the Exalted Granted Hibtullah-as to Adam-as and Commanded him-as to bequeath to him-as, and Commanded him-as to conceal that’.
قَالَ فَجَرَتِ السُّنَّةُ بِالْكِتْمَانِ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ فَقَالَ قَابِيلُ لِهِبَةِ اللَّهِ قَدْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ أَبَاكَ قَدْ أَوْصَى إِلَيْكَ فَإِنْ أَظْهَرْتَ ذَلِكَ أَوْ نَطَقْتَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْهُ لَأَقْتُلَنَّكَ كَمَا قَتَلْتُ أَخَاكَ
He-asws said: ‘The Sunnah flowed with the concealment regarding the bequest. Qabeel-la said to Hibtullah-as, ‘I-la have come to know that your-as father-as has bequeathed to you-as, so if you-as were to manifest that or speak with anything from it, I-la will kill you-as just as I-la killed your-as brother-as.[112]
30- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ إِلَى الصَّدُوقِ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ حَبِيبٍ السِّجِسْتَانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: لَمَّا قَرَّبَ ابْنَا آدَمَ ع الْقُرْبَانَ فَتُقُبِّلَ مِنْ هَابِيلَ وَ لَمْ يُتَقَبَّلْ مِنْ قَابِيلَ دَخَلَ قَابِيلَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ حَسَدٌ شَدِيدٌ وَ بَغَى قَابِيلُ عَلَى هَابِيلَ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَرْصُدُهُ وَ يَتْبَعُ خَلَوَاتِهِ حَتَّى خَلَا بِهِ مُتَنَحِّياً عَنْ آدَمَ ع فَوَثَبَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَتَلَهُ وَ كَانَ مِنْ قِصَّتِهِمَا مَا قَدْ بَيَّنَهُ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ مِنَ الْمُحَاوَرَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By the chain going up to Al Sadouq, from Ibn Mutawakkal, from Al Himeyri, from Ibn Isa, from Ibn Mahboub, from Hisham Bin Salim, from Habeeb Al Sijistany,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘When the sons of Adam-as offered offerings, it was Accepted from Habeel-as and was not Accepted from Qabeel-la. Intense envy entered into Qabeel-la from that and Qabeel-la rebelled against Habeel-la, and did not cease to lie in ambush and pursue his-as being alone until he-la was alone with him-as away from Adam-as, so he-la leapt upon him-as and killed him-as; and it happened from their story what Allah-azwj has Explained in His-azwj Book of the dialogue before he-la killed him-as.[113]
31- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الصَّدُوقِ عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي الدَّيْلَمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ قَابِيلَ أَتَى هِبَةَ اللَّهِ ع فَقَالَ إِنَّ أَبِي قَدْ أَعْطَاكَ الْعِلْمَ الَّذِي كَانَ عِنْدَهُ وَ أَنَا كُنْتُ أَكْبَرَ مِنْكَ وَ أَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنْكَ وَ لَكِنْ قَتَلْتُ ابْنَهُ فَغَضِبَ عَلَيَّ فَآثَرَكَ بِذَلِكَ الْعِلْمِ عَلَيَّ وَ إِنَّكَ وَ اللَّهِ إِنْ ذَكَرْتَ شَيْئاً مِمَّا عِنْدَكَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ الَّذِي وَرَّثَكَ أَبُوكَ لِتَتَكَبَّرَ بِهِ عَلَيَّ وَ تَفْتَخِرَ عَلَيَّ لَأَقْتُلَنَّكَ كَمَا قَتَلْتُ أَخَاكَ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By the chain from Al Sadouq, from Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Safar, from Ibn Abu Al Khatab, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Ismail Bin Jabir, from Ibn Abu Al Daylam,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Qabeel-la came to Hibtullah-as and said, ‘My-la father-as had given you-as the knowledge which was with him-as, and I-la was older than you-as and more rightful with it than you-as, but I-la killed his-as son-as, so he-as was angry upon me-la and preferred you-as with that knowledge over me-la. By Allah-azwj! If you-as were to mention anything from what is with you-as, from the knowledge which you-as inherited from your-as father-as in order to show greatness over me-la or pride over me-la, I-la will kill you-as just as I-la killed your-as brother-as’.
وَ اسْتَخْفَى هِبَةُ اللَّهِ بِمَا عِنْدَهُ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ لِيَنْقَضِيَ دَوْلَةُ قَابِيلَ وَ لِذَلِكَ يَسَعُنَا فِي قَوْمِنَا التَّقِيَّةُ لِأَنَّ لَنَا فِي ابْنِ آدَمَ أُسْوَةً
And Hibtullah-as was scared due to what was with him-as from the knowledge, in order for the government of Qabeel-la to be accomplished, and due to that we-asws are given leeway of the Taqiyyah (dissimulation) among our people, because there is an example for us in the son-as of Adam-as’.
قَالَ فَحَدَّثَ هِبَةُ اللَّهِ وُلْدَهُ بِالْمِيثَاقِ سِرّاً فَجَرَتْ وَ اللَّهِ السُّنَّةُ بِالْوَصِيَّةِ مِنْ هِبَةِ اللَّهِ فِي وُلْدِهِ يَتَوَارَثُونَهَا عَالِمٌ بَعْدَ عَالِمٌ فَكَانُوا يَفْتَحُونَ الْوَصِيَّةَ كُلَّ سَنَةٍ يَوْماً فَيُحَدِّثُونَ أَنَّ أَبَاهُمْ قَدْ بَشَّرَهُمْ بِنُوحٍ ع
He-asws said: ‘Hibtullah-as narrated the Covenant to his-as children secretly, and by Allah-azwj, the Sunnah flowed with the bequest from Hibtullah-as among his-as children inherited by a knowledgeable one after a knowledgeable one. They used to open the bequest every year for a day and they were discussing that their father-as had given them the glad tidings of Noah-as’.
قَالَ وَ إِنَّ قَابِيلَ لَمَّا رَأَى النَّارَ الَّتِي قَبِلَتْ قُرْبَانَ هَابِيلَ ظَنَّ قَابِيلُ أَنَّ هَابِيلَ كَانَ يَعْبُدُ تِلْكَ النَّارَ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ عِلْمٌ بِرَبِّهِ
He-asws said: ‘And that when Qabeel-la saw the fire which accepted the offering of Habeel-as, Qabeel-la thought that Habeel-as used to worship that fire and there did not happen to be any knowledge for him-la of his-la Lord-azwj’.
فَقَالَ قَابِيلُ لَا أَعْبُدُ النَّارَ الَّتِي عَبَدَهَا هَابِيلُ وَ لَكِنْ أَعْبُدُ نَاراً وَ أُقَرِّبُ قُرْبَاناً لَهَا فَبَنَى بُيُوتَ النِّيرَانِ
Qabeel-la said, ‘I-la will not worship the fire which Habeel-as had worshipped, but I-la shall worship (another) fire and offer an offering to it’. He-la build houses of fire (worship).[114]
32- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الصَّدُوقِ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنِ الْأَسَدِيِّ عَنِ النَّخَعِيِّ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْبَاقِرُ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَ السَّلَامُ جَالِساً فِي الْحَرَمِ وَ حَوْلَهُ عِصَابَةٌ مِنْ أَوْلِيَائِهِ إِذْ أَقْبَلَ طَاوُسٌ الْيَمَانِيُّ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ فَقَالَ مَنْ صَاحِبُ الْحَلْقَةِ قِيلَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّلَاةُ وَ السَّلَامُ قَالَ إِيَّاهُ أَرَدْتُ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By the chain from Al Sadouq, from Ibn Al Mutawakkl, from Al Asady, from Al Nakhaie, from Al Nowfaly, from Ali Bin Salim, from his father, from Abu Baseer who said,
‘Abu Ja’far Al-Baqir-asws was seated in the Sanctuary (Hurrum) and around him-asws was a group of his-asws friends, when Tawoos Al-Yamani came among a group and said, ‘Who is the master of the circle?’ It was said, ‘Muhammad Bin Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws Bin Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws’. He said, ‘It is him-asws I want’.
فَوَقَفَ بِحِيَالِهِ وَ سَلَّمَ وَ جَلَسَ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَ تَأْذَنُ لِي فِي السُّؤَالِ فَقَالَ الْبَاقِرُ ع قَدْ آذَنَّاكَ فَسَلْ قَالَ أَخْبِرْنِي بِيَوْمٍ هَلَكَ ثُلُثُ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ وَهِمْتَ يَا شَيْخُ أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تَقُولَ رُبُعُ النَّاسِ وَ ذَلِكَ يَوْمَ قُتِلَ هَابِيلُ كَانُوا أَرْبَعَةً- قَابِيلَ وَ هَابِيلَ وَ آدَمَ وَ حَوَّاءَ ع فَهَلَكَ رُبُعُهُمْ
He paused parallel to him-asws, and greeted and sat down, then said, ‘Will you-asws permit me regarding the questioning?’ Al-Baqir-asws said: ‘I-asws have permitted you, so ask’. He said, ‘Inform me about the day a third of the people died’. He-asws said: ‘O sheykh! You mean to say a quarter of the people, and that was the day Habeel-as was killed. There were four – Qabeel-la, and Habeel-as, and Adam-as, and Hawwa-as, and a quarter of them died’.
فَقَالَ أَصَبْتَ وَ وَهِمْتُ أَنَا فَأَيُّهُمَا كَانَ الْأَبَ لِلنَّاسِ الْقَاتِلُ أَوِ الْمَقْتُولُ قَالَ لَا وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا بَلْ أَبُوهُمْ شَيْثُ بْنُ آدَمَ ع
He said, ‘You-asws speak the truth and I was puzzled. Which of the two was the father of the people, the killer or the killed?’ He-asws said: ‘No one of the two, but their father-as is Shees-as Bin Adam-as.[115]
33- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ إِلَى الصَّدُوقِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ إِلَى وَهْبٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا أَرَادَ قَابِيلُ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ أَخَاهُ وَ لَمْ يَدْرِ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ عَمَدَ إِبْلِيسُ إِلَى طَائِرٍ فَرَضَحَ رَأْسَهُ بِحَجَرٍ فَقَتَلَهُ فَتَعَلَّمَ قَابِيلُ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By the chain to Al Sadouq, by his chain to Wahab who said,
‘When Qabeel-la wanted to kill his-la brother and did not know how to do it, Iblees-la deliberated to a bird and crushed its head with a rock and killed it, and Qabeel-la came to know.
فَسَاعَةَ قَتْلِهِ أُرْعِشَ جَسَدُهُ وَ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ مَا يَصْنَعُ أَقْبَلَ غُرَابٌ يَهْوِي عَلَى الْحَجَرِ الَّذِي دَمَغَ أَخَاهُ فَجَعَلَ يَمْسَحُ الدَّمَ بِمِنْقَارِهِ وَ أَقْبَلَ غُرَابٌ آخَرُ حَتَّى وَقَعَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَوَثَبَ الْأَوَّلُ عَلَى الثَّانِي فَقَتَلَهُ ثُمَّ هَزَّ بِمِنْقَارِهِ فَوَارَاهُ فَتَعَلَّمَ قَابِيلُ
At the time of killing him-as, his-la body trembled and he-la did not know what to do. A crow came upon the rock which his-la brother had bled and went on to wipe the blood with its beak, and another crow came until it landed in front of it. The first one leapt upon the second and killed, then dug with its beak and covered it, so Qabeel-la came to know.[116]
34- وَ رُوِيَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُوَارِ سَوْأَهَ أَخِيهِ وَ انْطَلَقَ هَارِباً حَتَّى أَتَى وَادِياً مِنْ أَوْدِيَةِ الْيَمَنِ فِي شَرْقِيِّ عَدَنَ فَكَمَنَ فِيهِ زَمَاناً وَ بَلَغَ آدَمَ ع مَا صَنَعَ قَابِيلُ بِهَابِيلَ فَأَقْبَلَ فَوَجَدَهُ قَتِيلًا
And it is reported, that he (Qabeel-la) did not burying the body of his-la brother-as and went away fleeing until he-la came to a valley from the valleys of Yemen in the east of Aden. He-la stayed in it for a time, and it reached Adam-as what Qabeel-la had done with Habeel-as. He-as came and found him-as to have been slain.
ثُمَّ دَفَنَهُ وَ فِيهِ وَ فِي إِبْلِيسَ نَزَلَتْ- رَبَّنا أَرِنَا الَّذَيْنِ أَضَلَّانا مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَ الْإِنْسِ نَجْعَلْهُما تَحْتَ أَقْدامِنا لِيَكُونا مِنَ الْأَسْفَلِينَ لِأَنَّ قَابِيلَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ سَنَّ الْقَتْلَ وَ لَا يُقْتَلُ مَقْتُولٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ إِلَّا كَانَ فِيهِ لَهُ شِرْكَةٌ
Then he-as buried him-as, and regarding him and regarding Iblees-la, it was Revealed: ‘Our Lord! Show us those who strayed us, from the Jinn and the humans, so we can make them to be under our feet for them to be from the lowest ones’ [41:29], because Qabeel-la was the first one to have practiced the murder, and no murderer will muder a murdered up to the Day of Qiyamah except he-la would be a participant in it’. [117]
35 وَ سُئِلَ الصَّادِقُ ع عَنْ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى- وَ قالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا رَبَّنا أَرِنَا الَّذَيْنِ أَضَلَّانا مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَ الْإِنْسِ قَالَ هُمَا هُمَا
And Al-Sadiq-asws was asked about the Words of the Exalted: And those who committed Kufr would be saying, ‘Our Lord! Show us those who strayed us, from the Jinn and the humans, [41:29]. He-asws: ‘They are those two.[118]
36- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ إِلَى وَهْبٍ قَالَ: إِنَّ عَوْجَ بْنَ عَنَاقَ كَانَ جَبَّاراً عَدُوّاً لِلَّهِ وَ لِلْإِسْلَامِ وَ لَهُ بَسْطَةٌ فِي الْجِسْمِ وَ الْخَلْقِ وَ كَانَ يَضْرِبُ يَدَهُ فَيَأْخُذُ الْحُوتَ مِنْ أَسْفَلِ الْبَحْرِ ثُمَّ يَرْفَعُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَيَشْوِيهِ فِي حَرِّ الشَّمْسِ فَيَأْكُلُهُ وَ كَانَ عُمُرُهُ ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ وَ سِتَّمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By the chain to Wahab who said,
‘Awaj Bin Anaq was a tyrant, an enemy of Allah-azwj and of Islam, and for him was largeness in the body and the creation for him, and he would strike his hand and grab the whale from the depths of the sea, then he would raise it to the sky and grill it in the heat of the sun, then eat it, and his age was three thousand and six hundred years.[119]
37 وَ رُوِيَ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا أَرَادَ نُوحٌ ع أَنْ يَرْكَبَ السَّفِينَةَ جَاءَ إِلَيْهِ عَوْجٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ احْمِلْنِي مَعَكَ فَقَالَ نُوحٌ إِنِّي لَمْ أُومَرْ بِذَلِكَ فَبَلَغَ الْمَاءُ إِلَيْهِ وَ مَا جَاوَزَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ وَ بَقِيَ إِلَى أَيَّامِ مُوسَى ع فَقَتَلَهُ مُوسَى ع
And it is reported that when Noah-as sailed the ship, Awj came to him. He said to him-as, ‘Carry me with you!’ Noah-as said: ‘I-as have not been Commanded with that’. The water reached him and it did not exceed his knees, and he remained up to the days of Musa-as. Musa-as killed him’.[120]
38- ير، بصائر الدرجات عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الزَّيَّاتِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ سَدِيرٍ الصَّيْرَفِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ إِنِّي لَأَعْرِفُ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ أَخَذَ قَبْلَ انْطِبَاقِ الْأَرْضِ إِلَى الْفِئَةِ الَّتِي قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي كِتَابِهِ- وَ مِنْ قَوْمِ مُوسى أُمَّةٌ يَهْدُونَ بِالْحَقِّ وَ بِهِ يَعْدِلُونَ لِمُشَاجَرَةٍ كَانَتْ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ وَ أَصْلَحَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَ رَجَعَ وَ لَمْ يَقْعُدْ
‘Basasair Al Darajaat’ – Ali Bin Ismail, from Muhammad Bin Amro and Al Ziyat, from his father, from Ibn Muskan, from Sadeyr Al Sayrafi who said,
I heard Abu Ja’far-asws saying: ‘I-asws know of a man-asws from the inhabitants of Al-Medina who took to the land about whom-asws Allah-azwj Says in His-azwj Book: And from the people of Musa there is a community guiding with the Truth and by it they were dispensing justice [7:159], a dispute that was between them and effected a reconciliation between them, and returned without having sat down.
فَمَرَّ بِنُطَفِكُمْ فَشَرِبَ مِنْهَا يَعْنِي الْفُرَاتَ ثُمَّ مَرَّ عَلَيْكَ يَا أَبَا الْفَضْلِ يَقْرَعُ عَلَيْكَ بَابَكَ وَ مَرَّ بِرَجُلٍ عَلَيْهِ مُسُوحٌ مُعَقَّلٍ بِهِ عَشَرَةٌ مُوَكَّلُونَ يُسْتَقْبَلُ [بِهِ] فِي الصَّيْفِ عَيْنَ الشَّمْسِ وَ يُوقَدُ حَوْلَهُ النِّيرَانُ وَ يَدُورُونَ بِهِ حِذَاءَ الشَّمْسِ حَيْثُ دَارَتْ كُلَّمَا مَاتَ مِنَ الْعَشْرَةِ وَاحِدٌ أَضَافَ إِلَيْهِ أَهْلُ الْقَرْيَةِ وَاحِداً النَّاسُ يَمُوتُونَ وَ الْعَشَرَةُ لَا يَنْقُصُونَ فَمَرَّ بِهِ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ مَا قِصَّتُكَ قَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ إِنْ كُنْتَ عَالِماً فَمَا أَعْرَفَكَ بِأَمْرِي
He-asws passed your well and drank from it, meaning Al-Furaat, then passed you, O Abu Al-Fazal, knocked on your door, and passed a man who had been tied up by ten people, who were making him face the sun in the summer, and lit the fires around him, and were turning him to face the sun wherever it turns. When any of the ten dies, one of the inhabitants of the town takes his place. They all die in turn but their number is never deficient. He-asws passed by the man and said: ‘What is your story?’ The man said to him-asws, ‘If you-asws are from the scholars, you-asws will be aware of my affair?’
وَ يُقَالُ إِنَّهُ ابْنُ آدَمَ الْقَاتِلُ وَ قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ وَ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ ع
And it has been said that he was the son of Adam-as, the killer, and Muhammad Bin Muslim said that the man-asws was Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws.[121]
39- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ آدَمَ وُلِدَ لَهُ أَرْبَعَةُ ذُكُورٍ فَأَهْبَطَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِمْ أَرْبَعَةً مِنَ الْحُورِ الْعِيْنِ فَزَوَّجَ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ وَاحِدَةً فَتَوَالَدُوا ثُمَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ رَفَعَهُنَّ وَ زَوَّجَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَرْبَعَةَ أَرْبَعَةً مِنَ الْجِنِّ فَصَارَ النَّسْلُ فِيهِمْ فَمَا كَانَ مِنْ حِلْمٍ فَمِنْ آدَمَ وَ مَا كَانَ مِنْ جَمَالٍ فَمِنْ قِبَلِ الْحُورِ الْعِينِ وَ مَا كَانَ مِنْ قُبْحٍ أَوْ سُوءِ خُلُقٍ فَمِنَ الْجِنِ
‘Tafseer Al-Ayyashi’ – From Abu Bakr Al Hazramy,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Adam-as, four males were born for him-as. Allah-azwj Sent down four of the Maiden Houries to them, and, he-as got each one of them married to one, and they begot. Then Allah-azwj raised them, and those four married four from the Jinn and the lineage became among them. Whatever was from forbearance, it is from Adam-as, and whatever was from the beauty it is from the direction of the Maiden Houries, and whatever was from ugliness or evil manners, it is from the Jinn.[122]
40- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: قَالَ لِي مَا يَقُولُ النَّاسُ فِي تَزْوِيجِ آدَمَ وُلْدَهُ قَالَ قُلْتُ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ حَوَّاءَ كَانَتْ تَلِدُ لآِدَمَ فِي كُلِّ بَطْنٍ غُلَاماً وَ جَارِيَةً فَتَزَوَّجَ الْغُلَامُ الْجَارِيَةَ الَّتِي مِنَ الْبَطْنِ الْآخَرِ الثَّانِي وَ تَزَوَّجَ الْجَارِيَةَ الْغُلَامُ الَّذِي مِنَ الْبَطْنِ الْآخَرِ الثَّانِي حَتَّى تَوَالَدُوا
‘Tafseer Al-Ayyashi’ – From Abu Bakr Al Hazramy,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘He-asws said to me: ‘What are the people saying regarding Adam-as getting his-as sons married?’ I said, ‘They are saying that Hawwa-as gave birth for Adam-as a boy and a girl in each pregnancy, so the boy married the girl who was in the other pregnancy, the second one, and the girl married the boy who was from the other pregnancy, the second, until they procreated’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع لَيْسَ هَذَا كَذَاكَ وَ لَكِنَّهُ لَمَّا وَلَدَ آدَمُ هِبَةَ اللَّهِ وَ كَبُرَ سَأَلَ اللَّهَ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُ حَوْرَاءَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ فَزَوَّجَهَا إِيَّاهُ فَوُلِدَ لَهُ أَرْبَعَةُ بَنِينَ ثُمَّ وُلِدَ لآِدَمَ ابْنٌ آخَرُ فَلَمَّا كَبُرَ أَمَرَهُ فَتَزَوَّجَ إِلَى الْجَانِّ فَوُلِدَ لَهُ أَرْبَعُ بَنَاتٍ فَتَزَوَّجَ بَنُو هَذَا بَنَاتِ هَذَا
Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘This is not like that, but when Adam-as begot Hibtullah-as and he-as was an adult, he-as asked Allah-azwj to get him-as married. Allah-azwj Sent down Houries to him-as from the Paradise, and he-as got her married to him-as, and four sons were born for him-as. Then another son was born to Adam-as. When he was an adult, He-azwj Commanded him-as to get him married to the Jaan, and four daughters were born for him. The sons of this married the daughter of this.
فَمَا كَانَ مِنْ جَمَالٍ فَمِنْ قِبَلِ الْحَوْرَاءِ وَ مَا كَانَ مِنْ حِلْمٍ فَمِنْ قِبَلِ آدَمَ وَ مَا كَانَ مِنْ خِفَّةٍ فَمِنْ قِبَلِ الْجَانِّ فَلَمَّا تَوَالَدُوا صَعِدَتِ الْحَوْرَاءُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ
Whatever was from beauty is from the direction of the Houries, and whatever was from forbearance is from the direction of Adam-as, and whatever was from the rashness is from the direction of the Jaan. When they had given birth, the Houries ascended to the sky.[123]
41- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ قَابِيلَ بْنَ آدَمَ مُعَلَّقٌ بِقُرُونِهِ فِي عَيْنِ الشَّمْسِ تَدُورُ بِهِ حَيْثُ دَارَتْ فِي زَمْهَرِيرِهَا وَ حَمِيمِهَا إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ فَإِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ صَيَّرَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَى النَّارِ
‘Tafseer Al-Ayyashi – From Jabir,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Qabeel-la son-la of Adam-as is suspended by his-la hair in the eye of the sun, orbiting with it wherever it orbits in its coldness and its boiling point up to the Day of Qiyamah. When it will be the Day of Qiyamah, Allah-azwj will Send him-la to the Fire.[124]
42- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: ذُكِرَ ابْنُ آدَمَ الْقَاتِلُ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ مَا حَالُهُ أَمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ هُوَ فَقَالَ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ اللَّهُ أَعْدَلُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَجْمَعَ عَلَيْهِ عُقُوبَةَ الدُّنْيَا وَ عُقُوبَةَ الْآخِرَةِ
‘Tafseer Al-Ayyashi’ – From Zurara,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘The son-la of Adam-as Qabeel-la was mentioned, so I said to him-asws, ‘What is his-la state, or is he from the people of the Fire?’ He-asws said: ‘Glory be to Allah-azwj! Allah-azwj is more Just than that He-azwj would Gather unto him-la the punishment of the world and the Punishment of the Hereafter.[125]
43- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْعَلَوِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ ابْنَ آدَمَ الَّذِي قَتَلَ أَخَاهُ كَانَ الْقَابِيلَ الَّذِي وُلِدَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ
‘Tafseer Al-Ayyashi – From Isa Bin Abdullah Al Alawy, from his father, from his forefathers,
‘From Ali-asws having said: ‘The son of Adam-as who killed his brother was Qabeel-la who was born in the Paradise.[126]
44- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ النَّاسَ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ آدَمَ زَوَّجَ ابْنَتَهُ مِنِ ابْنِهِ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَدْ قَالَ النَّاسُ ذَلِكَ وَ لَكِنْ يَا سُلَيْمَانُ أَ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ لَوْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ آدَمَ زَوَّجَ ابْنَتَهُ مِنِ ابْنِهِ لَزَوَّجْتُ زَيْنَبَ مِنَ الْقَاسِمِ وَ مَا كُنْتُ لِأَرْغَبَ عَنْ دِيْنِ آدَمَ
‘Tafseer Al-Ayyashi’ – From Suleyman Bin Khalid who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! The people are claiming that Adam-as got his-as daughter to his-as own son’. Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘The people have said that, but O Suleyman, do you not know that Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘If I-saww knew that Adam-as married his-as daughter to his-as own son, I-saww would have got Zaynab married to Qasim’, and there was no one more knowing about the Religion of Adam-as?’
فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّهُمْ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ قَابِيلَ إِنَّمَا قَتَلَ هَابِيلَ لِأَنَّهُمَا تَغَايَرَا عَلَى أُخْتِهِمَا فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا سُلَيْمَانُ تَقُولُ هَذَا أَ مَا تَسْتَحْيِي أَنْ تَرْوِيَ هَذَا عَلَى نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ آدَمَ فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فَفِيمَ قَتَلَ قَابِيلُ هَابِيلَ فَقَالَ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ
I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! They are claiming that Qabeel-la killed Habeel-as because of their honour upon their sisters’. He-asws said to him: ‘O Suleyman! You are saying this? But are you not ashamed from reporting this upon our Prophet-as of Allah-azwj Adam-as?’ I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! Then why did Qabeel-la kill Habeel-as?’ He-asws said: ‘Regarding the bequest’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي يَا سُلَيْمَانُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَوْحَى إِلَى آدَمَ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ الْوَصِيَّةَ وَ اسْمَ اللَّهِ الْأَعْظَمَ إِلَى هَابِيلَ وَ كَانَ قَابِيلُ أَكْبَرَ مِنْهُ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ قَابِيلَ فَغَضِبَ فَقَالَ أَنَا أَوْلَى بِالْكَرَامَةِ وَ الْوَصِيَّةِ فَأَمَرَهُمَا أَنْ يُقَرِّبَا قُرْبَاناً بِوَحْيٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ إِلَيْهِ فَفَعَلَا فَقَبِلَ اللَّهُ قُرْبَانَ هَابِيلَ فَحَسَدَهُ قَابِيلُ فَقَتَلَهُ
Then he-asws said to me: ‘O Suleyman! Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Revealed to Adam-as that he-as should hand over the Bequest and the Magnificent Name of Allah-azwj to Habeel-as, and Qabeel-la was older than him-as. That reached Qabeel-la and he-la was angered, so he-la said, ‘I-la am foremost with the prestige and the bequest’. He (Adam-as) instructed them both to offering an offering each due to a Revelation from Allah-azwj to him-as. They did so, and Allah-azwj Accepted offering of Habeel-as and Qabeel-la envied him-as, so he-la killed him-as’.
فَقُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فَمِمَّنْ تَنَاسَلَ وُلْدُ آدَمَ هَلْ كَانَتْ أُنْثَى غَيْرُ حَوَّاءَ وَ هَلْ كَانَ ذَكَرٌ غَيْرَ آدَمَ
I said to him-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! From whom is the lineage of the children of Adam-as? Was there any female other than Hawwa-as? And was there a male other than Adam-as?’
فَقَالَ يَا سُلَيْمَانُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى رَزَقَ آدَمَ مِنْ حَوَّاءَ قَابِيلَ وَ كَانَ ذَكَرُ وُلْدِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ هَابِيلَ فَلَمَّا أَدْرَكَ قَابِيلُ مَا يُدْرِكُ الرِّجَالُ أَظْهَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ جِنِّيَّةً وَ أَوْحَى إِلَى آدَمَ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا قَابِيلَ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ آدَمُ وَ رَضِيَ بِهَا قَابِيلُ وَ قَنِعَ
He-asws said: ‘O Suleyman! Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Graced Qabeel-la to Adam-as from Hawwa-as, and a male was born for him-as from after him-la (called) Qabeel-la. When Qabeel-la was an adult what the men tend to reach, Allah-azwj Manifested a female Jinn to him-la and Revealed unto Adam-as to get her married to Qabeel-la. Adam-as did that and Qabeel-la was pleased with that and contented.
فَلَمَّا أَدْرَكَ هَابِيلُ مَا يُدْرِكُ الرِّجَالُ أَظْهَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ حَوْرَاءَ وَ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى آدَمَ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا مِنْ هَابِيلَ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فَقُتِلَ هَابِيلُ وَ الْحَوْرَاءُ حَامِلٌ فَوَلَدَتْ حَوْرَاءُ غُلَاماً فَسَمَّاهُ آدَمُ هِبَةَ اللَّهِ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى آدَمَ أَنِ ادْفَعْ إِلَيْهِ الْوَصِيَّةَ وَ اسْمَ اللَّهِ الْأَعْظَمَ
When Habeel-as was an adult what the men tend to reach, Allah-azwj Manifested a Hourie to him-as and Revealed to Adam-as to get her married to Habeel-as. He-as did that. Habeel-as was killed while the Hourie was pregnant, and the Hourie gave birth to a boy and Adam-as named him-as as Hibtullah-as. Allah-azwj Revealed to Adam-as to hand over the bequest and the Magnificent Name of Allah-azwj to Adam-as.
وَ وَلَدَتْ حَوَّاءُ غُلَاماً فَسَمَّاهُ آدَمُ شَيْثَ بْنَ آدَمَ فَلَمَّا أَدْرَكَ مَا يُدْرِكُ الرِّجَالُ أَهْبَطَ اللَّهُ لَهُ حَوْرَاءَ وَ أَوْحَى إِلَى آدَمَ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا مِنْ شَيْثِ بْنِ آدَمَ فَفَعَلَ فَوَلَدَتِ الْحَوْرَاءُ جَارِيَةً فَسَمَّاهَا آدَمُ حُورَةَ فَلَمَّا أَدْرَكَتِ الْجَارِيَةُ زَوَّجَ آدَمُ حُورَةَ بِنْتَ شَيْثٍ مِنْ هِبَةِ اللَّهِ بْنِ هَابِيلَ فَنَسْلُ آدَمَ مِنْهُمَا
Hawwa-as gave birth to a boy and Adam-as named him-as Shees Bin Adam-as. What he-as became an adult what the men tend to reach, Allah-azwj Sent down a Hourie to him-as and Revealed to him-as to get her married to Shees Bin Adam-as. The hourie gave birth to a girl and Adam-as named her as Howra. When the girl reached adulthood, Adam-as got Howra daughter of Shees-as to Hibtullah Bin Habeel-as. The lineage of Adam-as is from him.
فَمَاتَ هِبَةُ اللَّهِ بْنُ هَابِيلَ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى آدَمَ أَنِ ادْفَعِ الْوَصِيَّةَ وَ اسْمَ اللَّهِ الْأَعْظَمَ وَ مَا أَظْهَرْتُكَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ عِلْمِ النُّبُوَّةِ وَ مَا عَلَّمْتُكَ مِنَ الْأَسْمَاءِ إِلَى شَيْثِ بْنِ آدَمَ فَهَذَا حَدِيثُهُمْ يَا سُلَيْمَانُ
Hibtullah Bin Habeel-as passed away, and Allah-azwj Revealed to Adam-as: “Hand over the bequest and the Magnificent Name and what I-azwj have Manifested to you-as upon it from the knowledge of the Prophet-hood, and what I-azwj Taught you-as from the names, to Shees Bin Adam-as. So, this is their narrative, O Suleyman!.[127]
باب 6 تأويل قوله تعالى جَعَلا لَهُ شُرَكاءَ فِيما آتاهُما
CHAPTER 6 – INTERPRETATION OF THE WORDS OF THE EXALTED: they make associates to be for Him regarding what He Gave them [7:190]
قال الله تعالى في سورة الأعراف هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ واحِدَةٍ وَ جَعَلَ مِنْها زَوْجَها لِيَسْكُنَ إِلَيْها فَلَمَّا تَغَشَّاها حَمَلَتْ حَمْلًا خَفِيفاً فَمَرَّتْ بِهِ فَلَمَّا أَثْقَلَتْ دَعَوَا اللَّهَ رَبَّهُما لَئِنْ آتَيْتَنا صالِحاً لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الشَّاكِرِينَ
He is the One Who Created you all from one being and Made its pair from him in order for him to (go for) rest to her. So when she is covered, she bears a light burden, and she moves about with it. And when it grows heavy, they both supplicate to Allah their Lord, ‘If You Give us a righteous one, we would be from the grateful ones’ [7:189]
فَلَمَّا آتاهُما صالِحاً جَعَلا لَهُ شُرَكاءَ فِيما آتاهُما فَتَعالَى اللَّهُ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ
But when He Gives them a righteous one, they make associates to be for Him regarding what He Gave them; but Exalted is Allah from what they are associating [7:190].
1- فس، تفسير القمي أَبِي عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ الْأَحْوَلِ عَنْ بُرَيْدٍ الْعِجْلِيِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: لَمَّا عَلِقَتْ حَوَّاءُ مِنْ آدَمَ وَ تَحَرَّكَ وَلَدُهَا فِي بَطْنِهَا قَالَتْ لآِدَمَ إِنَّ فِي بَطْنِي شَيْئَاً يَتَحَرَّكُ فَقَالَ لَهَا آدَمُ الَّذِي فِي بَطْنِكِ نُطْفَةٌ مِنِّي اسْتَقَرَّتْ فِي رَحِمِكِ يَخْلُقُ اللَّهُ مِنْهَا خَلْقاً لِيَبْلُوَنَا فِيهِ
‘Tafseer Al-Qummi – My father, from Ibn Mahboub, from Muhammad Bin Al Numan al Ahowl, from Bureyd Al Ajaly,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘When Hawwa-as conceived from Adam-as and her-as child moved in her-as belly, she-as said to Adam-as: ‘In my-as belly there is something moving’. Adam-as said to her-as: ‘That which is in your-as belly is a seed from me-as settled in your-as womb. Allah-azwj will Create a person from it in order to Try us-as regarding him’.
فَأَتَاهَا إِبْلِيسُ فَقَالَ لَهَا كَيْفَ أَنْتِ- فَقَالَتْ لَهُ أَمَا إِنِّي عَلِقْتُ وَ فِي بَطْنِي مِنْ آدَمَ وَلَدٌ قَدْ تَحَرَّكَ فَقَالَ لَهَا إِبْلِيسُ أَمَا إِنَّكِ إِنْ نَوَيْتِ أَنْ تُسَمِّيهِ عَبْدَ الْحَارِثِ وَلَدْتِيهِ غُلَاماً وَ بَقِيَ وَ عَاشَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَنْوِ أَنْ تُسَمِّيهِ عَبْدَ الْحَارِثِ مَاتَ بَعْدَ مَا تَلِدِينَهُ بِسِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ
Iblees-la came to her-as and said to her-as, ‘How are you-as?’ She-as said to him-la: ‘I-as am pregnant and in my-as belly from Adam-as, there is a moving child’. Iblees-la said to her-as, ‘But if you make the intention to name it as ‘Abdul Haris’, a boy would be born to you-as, it will remain and live, and if you do not make the intention of naming it as ‘Abdul Haris, it would die after your-as giving birth by six days’.
فَوَقَعَ فِي نَفْسِهَا مِمَّا قَالَ لَهَا شَيْءٌ فَأَخْبَرَتْ آدَمَ بِمَا قَالَ لَهَا إِبْلِيسُ فَقَالَ لَهَا آدَمُ قَدْ جَاءَكِ الْخَبِيثُ لَا تَقْبَلِينَ مِنْهُ فَإِنِّي أَرْجُو أَنْ يَبْقَى لَنَا وَ يَكُونَ بِخِلَافِ مَا قَالَ لَكِ وَ وَقَعَ فِي نَفْسِ آدَمَ مِثْلُ مَا وَقَعَ فِي نَفْسِ حَوَّاءَ مِنْ مَقَالَةِ الْخَبِيثِ
There occurred something within herself-as from what was said and she-as informed Adam-as with what Iblees-la had said to her-as. Adam-as said to her-as: ‘The wicked one had come to you-as, do not accept from him-la, for I-as am hoping that he would remain for us-as and the opposite to happen of what he-la said to you-as’. And there occurred in the self of Adam-as similar to what had occurred in the self of Hawwa-as from the words of the wicked one.
فَلَمَّا وَضَعَتْهُ غُلَاماً لَمْ يَعِشْ إِلَّا سِتَّةَ أَيَّامٍ حَتَّى مَاتَ فَقَالَتْ لآِدَمَ قَدْ جَاءَكَ الَّذِي قَالَ لَنَا الْحَارِثُ فِيهِ وَ دَخَلَهُمَا مِنْ قَوْلِ الْخَبِيثِ مَا شَكَّكَهُمَا فَلَمْ تَلْبَثْ أَنْ عَلِقَتْ مِنْ آدَمَ حَمْلًا آخَرَ
When he-as gave birth to a boy, he did not live except for six days before he died. She-as said to Adam-as: ‘There has come to you-as that which Al Haris had said regarding it’, and there entered into them-as from the words of the wicked one, what made them doubt. It was not long before she conceived another pregnancy from Adam-as.
فَأَتَاهَا إِبْلِيسُ فَقَالَ لَهَا كَيْفَ أَنْتِ- فَقَالَتْ لَهُ قَدْ وَلَدْتُ غُلَاماً وَ لَكِنَّهُ مَاتَ يَوْمَ السَّادِسِ فَقَالَ لَهَا الْخَبِيثُ أَمَا إِنَّكِ لَوْ كُنْتِ نَوَيْتِ أَنْ تُسَمِّيهِ عَبْدَ الْحَارِثِ لَعَاشَ وَ بَقِيَ وَ إِنَّ مَا هُوَ فِي بَطْنَكِ كَبَعْضِ مَا فِي بُطُونِ هَذِهِ الْأَنْعَامِ الَّتِي بِحَضْرَتِكُمْ إِمَّا نَاقَةٌ وَ إِمَّا بَقَرَةٌ وَ إِمَّا ضَأْنٌ وَ إِمَّا مَعْزٌ
Iblees-la came to her-as and said to her-as, ‘How are you-as?’ She-as said to him-la: ‘A boy had been born but he died on the sixth day’. The wicked one said to her-as, ‘But if you-as had made the intention to name him as ‘Abdul Haris’, he would have lived and remained, and that what is in your-as belly is like what is in the bellies of one of these animals which are in your-as presence, either a she-camel, or a female cow, or a sheep, or a nanny goat’.
فَدَخَلَهَا مِنْ قَوْلِ الْخَبِيثِ مَا اسْتَمَالَهَا إِلَى تَصْدِيقِهِ وَ الرُّكُونِ إِلَى مَا أَخْبَرَهَا لِلَّذِي كَانَ تَقَدَّمَ إِلَيْهَا فِي الْحَمْلِ الْأَوَّلِ فَأَخْبَرَتْ بِمَقَالَتِهِ آدَمَ فَوَقَعَ فِي قَلْبِهِ مِنْ قَوْلِ الْخَبِيثِ مِثْلُ مَا وَقَعَ فِي قَلْبِ حَوَّاءَ-
So there entered into her from the words of the wicked one, what inclined her-as to ratify him-la and the reliance to what he-la had informed her-as of what that had preceded to her-as regarding the first pregnancy. She-as informed Adam-as of his-la words, and there occurred in his-as heart from the words of the wicked one, similar to what had occurred in the heart of Hawwa-as.
فَلَمَّا أَثْقَلَتْ دَعَوَا اللَّهَ رَبَّهُما لَئِنْ آتَيْتَنا صالِحاً لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الشَّاكِرِينَ فَلَمَّا آتاهُما صالِحاً أَيْ لَمْ يَلِدْ نَاقَةً أَوْ بَقَرَةً أَوْ ضَأْناً أَوْ مَعْزاً
And when it grows heavy, they both supplicate to Allah their Lord, ‘If You Give us a righteous one, we would be from the grateful ones’ [7:189] But when He Gives them a righteous one, [7:190].- i.e., there was neither born a camel, or a cow, or a sheep, or a goat.
فَأَتَاهَا الْخَبِيثُ فَقَالَ لَهَا كَيْفَ أَنْتُمْ فَقَالَتْ لَهُ قَدْ أَثْقَلْتُ وَ قَرُبَتْ وِلَادَتِي فَقَالَ أَمَا إِنَّكِ سَتَنْدَمِينَ وَ تَرَيْنَ مِنَ الَّذِي فِي بَطْنِكِ مَا تَكْرَهِينَ وَ يَدْخُلُ آدَمَ مِنْكِ وَ مِنْ وَلَدِكِ شَيْءٌ لَوْ قَدْ وَلَدْتِيهِ نَاقَةً أَوْ بَقَرَةً أَوْ ضَأْناً أَوْ مَعْزاً فَاسْتَمَالَهَا إِلَى طَاعَتِهِ وَ الْقَبُولِ لِقَوْلِهِ
The wicked one came to them-as and said to her-as, ‘How are you-as?’ She-as said to him-la: ‘I-as have become heavy and my-as delivery has drawn near’. He-la said, ‘But you-as will both be regretful and will be seeing from that which is in your-as belly what you-as will dislike, and there would enter something into Adam-as from you-as and from your-as child, if you-as had given birth to a camel, or a cow, or a sheep, or a goat’. He-la inclined her-as to his-la obedience and the acceptance of his-la words.
ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهَا اعْلَمِي إِنْ أَنْتِ نَوَيْتِ أَنْ تُسَمِّيهِ عَبْدَ الْحَارِثِ وَ جَعَلْتُمْ لِي فِيهِ نَصِيباً وَلَدْتِيهِ غُلَاماً سَوِيّاً وَ عَاشَ وَ بَقِيَ لَكُمْ فَقَالَتْ إِنِّي قَدْ نَوَيْتُ أَنْ أَجْعَلَ لَكَ فِيهِ نَصِيباً فَقَالَ لَهَا الْخَبِيثُ لَا تَدَعِينَ آدَمَ حَتَّى يَنْوِيَ مِثْلَ مَا نَوَيْتِ وَ يَجْعَلَ لِي فِيهِ نَصِيباً وَ يُسَمِّيَهُ عَبْدَ الْحَارِثِ فَقَالَتْ لَهُ نَعَمْ
Then he-la said to her-as, ‘Tell me-la, if you-as were to make the intention to name him as ‘Abdul Haris’ and make a share to be for me-la in him, you-as will give birth to a boy, complete, and he will live and remain for you-as’. She-as said: ‘I-as have made the intention that make a share for you-la to be in him’. The wicked one said to her-as, ‘Do not leave Adam-as until he-as makes the intention similar to what you-as made, and make a share for Me-azwj to be regarding him, and name him as ‘Abdul Haris’. She-as said to him-la: ‘Yes’.
فَأَقْبَلَتْ عَلَى آدَمَ فَأَخْبَرَتْهُ بِمَقَالَةِ الْحَارِثِ وَ بِمَا قَالَ لَهَا فَوَقَعَ فِي قَلْبِ آدَمَ مِنْ مَقَالَةِ إِبْلِيسَ مَا خَافَهُ فَرَكَنَ إِلَى مَقَالَةِ إِبْلِيسَ وَ قَالَتْ حَوَّاءُ لآِدَمَ لَئِنْ أَنْتَ لَمْ تَنْوِ أَنْ تُسَمِّيَهُ عَبْدَ الْحَارِثِ وَ تَجْعَلَ لِلْحَارِثِ فِيهِ نَصِيباً لَمْ أَدَعْكَ تَقْرَبُنِي وَ لَا تَغْشَانِي وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَكَ مَوَدَّةٌ
She-as went back to Adam-as and informed him-as with the words of Al-Haris (Iblees-la) and what he-la had said to her-as. There occurred in the heart of Adam-as, from the words of Iblees-la what scared him-as and he-as inclined towards the words of Iblees-la, and Hawwa-as said to Adam-as: ‘If you-as do not make the intention to name him as ‘Abdul Haris’ and make a share to be for Al-Haris-la in him, I-as will not let you-as come near me-as, nor copulate with me-as, and there will not happen to be any cordiality between me-as and you-as’.
فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهَا آدَمُ قَالَ لَهَا أَمَا إِنَّكِ سَبَبُ الْمَعْصِيَةِ الْأُولَى وَ سَيُدَلِّيكِ بِغَرُورٍ قَدْ تَابَعْتُكِ وَ أَجَبْتُ إِلَى أَنْ أَجْعَلَ لِلْحَارِثِ فِيهِ نَصِيباً أَوْ أَنْ أُسَمِّيَهُ عَبْدَ الْحَارِثِ
When Adam-as heard that from her-as, said to her-as: ‘But you-as are the cause of the first disobedience and he-la pointed you-as with deception and I-as had followed you-as, and I-as responded to make a share for Al-Haris to be in him, or that I-as shall name him as ‘Abdul Haris’.
فَأَسَرَّا النِّيَّةَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِذَلِكَ- فَلَمَّا وَضَعَتْهُ سَوِيّاً فَرِحَا بِذَلِكَ وَ أَمِنَا مَا كَانَا خَافَا مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ نَاقَةً أَوْ بَقَرَةً أَوْ ضَأْناً أَوْ مَعْزاً وَ أَمَّلَا أَنْ يَعِيشَ لَهُمَا وَ يَبْقَى وَ لَا يَمُوتَ يَوْمَ السَّادِسِ فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ السَّابِعِ سَمَّيَاهُ عَبْدَ الْحَارِثِ
They-as kept the intention of that a secret between them. When she-as delivered him-as complete, they-as were both happy with that and were secure from what they-as had feared from it being a camel, or a cow, or a sheep, or a goat’, and they-as hoped that it would live for them and remain and will not be dying on the seventh day. When it was the seventh day, they-as named him as Abdul Haris.[128] (P.S. – Contradicts the flow of all Ahadeeth + derogatory)
2- فس، تفسير القمي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ عَنِ الْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ- فَلَمَّا آتاهُما صالِحاً جَعَلا لَهُ شُرَكاءَ فِيما آتاهُما فَقَالَ هُوَ آدَمُ وَ حَوَّاءُ وَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ شِرْكُهُمَا شِرْكَ طَاعَةٍ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ شِرْكَ عِبَادَةٍ
;Tafseer Al-Qummi – Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Musa Bin Bakr, from Al Fazeyl,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj: ‘But when He Gives them a righteous one, they make associates to be for Him regarding what He Gave them; [7:190]. He-asws said: ‘It is Adam-as and Hawwa-as, and their-as association was the association (Shirk) of obedience, and it did not happen to be Shirk of worship.
فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص- هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ واحِدَةٍ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ فَتَعالَى اللَّهُ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ قَالَ جَعَلَا لِلْحَارِثِ نَصِيباً فِي خَلْقِ اللَّهِ وَ لَمْ يَكُونَا أَشْرَكَا إِبْلِيسَ فِي عِبَادَةِ اللَّهِ
Allah-azwj Revealed unto Rasool-Allah-saww: ‘He is the One Who Created you all from one being [7:189] – up to His-azwj Words: but Exalted is Allah from what they are associating [7:190]. They-as made a share to be for Al Haris (Iblees-la) in the creation of Allah-azwj, and they did not happen to associate Iblees-la as an associate in the worship of Allah-azwj.[129]
3- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام قَدْ مَرَّ فِي خَبَرِ ابْنِ الْجَهْمِ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ الْمَأْمُونُ الرِّضَا ع عَنْ مَعْنَى قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى- فَلَمَّا آتاهُما صالِحاً جَعَلا لَهُ شُرَكاءَ فِيما آتاهُما فَقَالَ الرِّضَا ع إِنَّ حَوَّاءَ وَلَدَتْ لآِدَمَ خَمْسَمِائَةِ بَطْنٍ فِي كُلِّ بَطْنِ ذَكَراً وَ أُنْثَى وَ إِنَّ آدَمَ وَ حَوَّاءَ عَاهَدَا اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ دَعَوَاهُ وَ قَالا لَئِنْ آتَيْتَنا صالِحاً لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الشَّاكِرِينَ فَلَمَّا آتاهُما صالِحاً مِنَ النَّسْلِ خَلْقاً سَوِيّاً بَرِيئاً مِنَ الزَّمَانَةِ وَ الْعَاهَةِ
It has passed in a Hadeeth of Ibn Al-Jaham that Al-Mamoun asked Al-Reza-asws about the meaning of the Words of Allah-azwj the Exalted: But when He Gives them a righteous one, they make associates to be for Him regarding what He Gave them [7:190]. Al-Reza-asws said: ‘Hawa-as gave birth for Adam-as five hundred bellies (pregnancies). In every pregnancy was a male and a female. And they both-as said: If You Give us a righteous one, we would be from the grateful ones’ [7:189] But when He Gives them a righteous one [7:190] – from the offspring, Created complete and free from sickness and disabilities.
كَانَ مَا آتَاهُمَا صِنْفَيْنِ صِنْفاً ذُكْرَاناً وَ صِنْفاً إِنَاثاً فَجَعَلَ الصِّنْفَانِ لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى ذِكْرُهُ شُرَكاءَ فِيما آتاهُما وَ لَمْ يَشْكُرَاهُ كَشُكْرِ أَبَوَيْهِمَا لَهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فَتَعالَى اللَّهُ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ
And what was Given to them both-as was of two categories – a category of the males, and a category of the females. The two categories associated with Allah-azwj Exalted is His-azwj Mention, regarding what was Given to them, and were not thankful to Him-azwj like the gratefulness of both of their parents-as. Allah-azwj the Exalted Says: but Exalted is Allah from what they are associating [7:190].[130]
4- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ فَلَمَّا آتاهُما صالِحاً جَعَلا لَهُ شُرَكاءَ فِيما آتاهُما قَالَ هُوَ آدَمُ وَ حَوَّاءُ إِنَّهُ كَانَ شِرْكُهُمَا شِرْكَ طَاعَةٍ وَ لَيْسَ شِرْكَ عِبَادَةٍ
From Zurara,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I heard him-asws saying: But when He Gives them a righteous one, they make associates to be for Him regarding what He Gave them [7:190]: ‘It is Adam-as and Hawwa-as. Their-as association was Shirk of the obedience, and it wasn’t Shirk of worship.[131]
CHAPTER 7 – WHAT HE-azwj REVEALED TO ADAM-as
1- لي، الأمالي للصدوق أَبِي عَنِ الْكُمَيْدَانِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: أَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى إِلَى آدَمَ ع يَا آدَمُ إِنِّي أَجْمَعُ لَكَ الْخَيْرَ كُلَّهُ فِي أَرْبَعِ كَلِمَاتٍ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ لِي وَ وَاحِدَةٌ لَكَ وَ وَاحِدَةٌ فِيمَا بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَكَ وَ وَاحِدَةٌ فِيمَا بَيْنَكَ وَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ
‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – My father, from Al Kameydani, from Ibn Isa, from Ibn Abu Najran, from Aasim Ibn Humeyd, from Muhammad Bin Qays,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Revealed to Adam-as: “O Adam-as! I-azwj have Gathered for you-as all of the good in four phrases, one of these is for Me-azwj, and one is for you-as, and one is regarding what is between Me-azwj and you-as, and one is regarding what is between you-as and the people.
فَأَمَّا الَّتِي لِي فَتَعْبُدُنِي وَ لَا تُشْرِكُ بِي شَيْئاً وَ أَمَّا الَّتِي لَكَ فَأُجَازِيكَ بِعَمَلِكَ أَحْوَجَ مَا تَكُونُ إِلَيْهِ وَ أَمَّا الَّتِي بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَكَ فَعَلَيْكَ الدُّعَاءُ وَ عَلَيَّ الْإِجَابَةُ وَ أَمَّا الَّتِي فِيمَا بَيْنَكَ وَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فَتَرْضَى لِلنَّاسِ مَا تَرْضَى لِنَفْسِكَ
As for that which is for Me-azwj, you-as will worship Me-azwj and will not associate anything with Me-azwj, and as for that which is for you-as, I-azwj shall Recompense you-as (when you-as are) neediest to what you-as will be to it, and as for that which is between Me-azwj and you-as, it is upon you with the supplicating and upon Me-azwj of the Answering, and as for that which is regarding what is between you-as and the people, you-as should be pleased for the people what you-as are pleased for yourself-as.[132]
2- ل، الخصال أَبِي عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الصَّلْتِ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ عِمْرَانَ عَنْ مِيثَمٍ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: أَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَى آدَمَ ع أَنِّي سَأَجْمَعُ لَكَ الْكَلَامَ فِي أَرْبَعِ كَلِمَاتٍ فَقَالَ يَا رَبِّ وَ مَا هُنَّ قَالَ وَاحِدَةٌ لِي وَ وَاحِدَةٌ لَكَ وَ وَاحِدَةٌ فِيمَا بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَكَ وَ وَاحِدَةٌ فِيمَا بَيْنَكَ وَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ يَا رَبِّ بَيِّنْهُنَّ لِي حَتَّى أَعْلَمَهُنَّ
‘Al Khisaal’ – My father, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Ali Bin Al Salt, from Al Barqy, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Yusuf Bin Imran, from Maysam, from Yaqoub Bin Shuayb,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed to Adam-as: “I-azwj shall Gather for you-as the Speech in four phrases”. He-as said: ‘O Lord-azwj! And what are these?’ He-azwj Said: “One is for Me-azwj, and one is for you-as, and one is regarding what is between Me-azwj and you-as, and one is regarding what is between you-as and the people”. He-as said: ‘O Lord-azwj! Explain these to me-as until I-as learn these’.
فَقَالَ أَمَّا الَّتِي لِي فَتَعْبُدُنِي وَ لَا تُشْرِكُ بِي شَيْئاً وَ أَمَّا الَّتِي لَكَ فَأَجْزِيكَ بِعَمَلِكَ أَحْوَجَ مَا تَكُونُ إِلَيْهِ وَ أَمَّا الَّتِي بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَكَ فَعَلَيْكَ الدُّعَاءُ وَ عَلَيَّ الْإِجَابَةُ وَ أَمَّا الَّتِي بَيْنَكَ وَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فَتَرْضَى لِلنَّاسِ مَا تَرْضَاهُ لِنَفْسِكَ
He-azwj Said: “As for that which is for Me-azwj, you-as will worship Me-azwj and not associate anything with Me-azwj; and as for that which is for you-as, I-azwj shall Recompense you-as with your-as deed (when you-as are) the neediest of what you-as can be to it; and as for that which is between Me-azwj and you-as, upon you-as is the supplicating and upon Me-azwj is the Answering; and as for that which is between you-as and the people, you-as should be pleased for the people what you-asws are pleased for yourself-as.[133]
3- أَقُولُ قَالَ السَّيِّدُ فِي سَعْدِ السُّعُودِ وَجَدْتُ فِي صُحُفِ إِدْرِيسَ النَّبِيِّ ع عِنْدَ ذِكْرِ أَحْوَالِ آدَمَ عَلَى نَبِيِّنَا وَ آلِهِ وَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ مَا هَذَا لَفْظُهُ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ الثُّلُثُ الْأَخِيرُ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ لَيْلَةَ الْجُمُعَةِ لِسَبْعٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ خَلَتْ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ كِتَاباً بِالسُّرْيَانِيَّةِ وَ قَطْعِ الْحُرُوفِ فِي إِحْدَى وَ عِشْرِينَ وَرَقَةً وَ هُوَ أَوَّلُ كِتَابٍ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْأَلْسُنَ كُلَّهَا فَكَانَ فِيهِ أَلْفُ أَلْفِ لِسَانٍ لَا يَفْهَمُ فِيهِ أَهْلُ لِسَانٍ عَنْ أَهْلِ لِسَانٍ حَرْفاً وَاحِداً بِغَيْرِ تَعْلِيمٍ فِيهِ دَلَائِلُ اللَّهِ وَ فُرُوضُهُ وَ أَحْكَامُهُ وَ شَرَائِعُهُ وَ سُنَنُهُ وَ حُدُودُهُ
I (Majlisi) am saying, ‘The Seyyid said in ‘Sa’ad Al Suoud’, ‘I found in the Parchments of the Prophet Idrees-as at the mention of the situations of Adam-as, may the greeting be upon our Prophet-as and his-as Progeny what these are its wording: ‘Until when it was the last third of the night of the night of Friday of the twenty-seventh of a month of Ramazan, Allah-azwj Revealed a Book unto him-as in Assyrian, and the words were cut off in the twenty-first page, and it is the first Book Allah-azwj Revealed in the world. Allah-azwj Revealed unto him-as in all the languages. In it were a million languages. Not one word was recognised by the people of the languages, the (other) languages, without teaching. In it are evidence’s of Allah-azwj, and His-azwj Obligations, and His-azwj Rulings, and His-azwj Legislation, and His-azwj Sunnahs, and His-azwj Legal penalties’. (P.S. – This is not a Hadeeth)[134]
باب 8 عمر آدم و وفاته و وصيته إلى شيث و قصصه ع
CHAPTER 8 – AGE OF ADAM-as AND HIS-as EXPIRY AND HIS-as BEQUEST TO SHEES-as AND HIS-as STORY
1- كا، الكافي الْعِدَّةُ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ خَلَفِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَلَى أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ وَ هُوَ بِالْحِيرَةِ خَرَجَ يَوْماً يُرِيدُ عِيسَى بْنَ مُوسَى فَاسْتَقْبَلَهُ بَيْنَ الْحِيرَةِ وَ الْكُوفَةِ وَ مَعَهُ ابْنُ شُبْرُمَةَ الْقَاضِي فَقَالَ أَيْنَ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ أَرَدْتُكَ فَقَالَ قَصَّرَ اللَّهُ خَطْوَكَ
‘Al-Kafi’ – A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from his father, from Khalaf Bin Hammad, from Abdullah Bin Sinan who said,
‘One day when Abu Abdullah-asws proceeded to Abu Al-Abbas, and he was at Al-Hira having come out intending (to meet) Isa Bin Musa, so he-asws met him between Al-Hira and Al-Kufa, and with him was Ibn Shubruma, the judge. He said to him-asws, ‘Where are you (going) to, O Abu Abdullah-asws?’ He-asws said: ‘I intended (meeting) you’. He said, ‘Allah-azwj has Shortened your steps (Reduced your-asws journey)’.
قَالَ فَمَضَى مَعَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ شُبْرُمَةَ مَا تَقُولُ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي شَيْءٍ سَأَلَنِي عَنْهُ الْأَمِيرُ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدِي فِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَقَالَ وَ مَا هُوَ قَالَ سَأَلَنِي عَنْ أَوَّلِ كِتَابٍ كُتِبَ فِي الْأَرْضِ قَالَ نَعَمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَرَضَ عَلَى آدَمَ ذُرِّيَّتَهُ عَرْضَ الْعَيْنِ فِي صُوَرِ الذَّرِّ نَبِيّاً فَنَبِيّاً وَ مَلِكاً فَمَلِكاً وَ مُؤْمِناً فَمُؤْمِناً وَ كَافِراً فَكَافِراً
He (the narrator) said, ‘He went with him-asws’. Ibn Shubruma said to him-asws, ‘What are you-asws saying, O Abu Abdullah-asws, regarding something which the Emir has asked about from me, so there did not happen to be anything with me with regards to it?’ He-asws said: ‘And what is it?’ He said, ‘He asked me about the first letter written in the earth’. He-asws said: ‘Yes. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Presented to Adam-as, his-as offspring to his-as eyes, in the form of particles, a Prophet-as (after) a Prophet-as, a king (after) a king, a Momin (after) a Momin, and an Infidel (after) an Infidel.
فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَى دَاوُدَ ع قَالَ مَنْ هَذَا الَّذِي نَبَّأْتَهُ وَ كَرَّمْتَهُ وَ قَصَّرْتَ عُمُرَهُ قَالَ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهِ هَذَا ابْنُكَ دَاوُدُ عُمُرُهُ أَرْبَعُونَ سَنَةً وَ أَنِّي قَدْ كَتَبْتُ الْآجَالَ وَ قَسَمْتُ الْأَرْزَاقَ وَ أَنَا أَمْحُو مَا أَشَاءُ وَ أُثْبِتُ وَ عِنْدِي أُمُّ الْكِتَابِ فَإِنْ جَعَلْتَ لَهُ شَيْئاً مِنْ عُمُرِكَ أَلْحَقْتُهُ لَهُ قَالَ يَا رَبِّ قَدْ جَعَلْتُ لَهُ مِنْ عُمُرِي سِتِّينَ سَنَةً تَمَامَ الْمِائَةِ
When He-azwj Ended up at Dawood-as, he (Adam-as) said, ‘Who is this whom You-azwj have Granted Prophet-hood, and Honoured him-as, and Shortened his-as age?’ Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed unto him-as: “This is your-as son-as Dawood-as. His-as age is forty years, and I-azwj had Ordained the terms, Divided the sustenance(s), and I-azwj Obliterate whatever I-azwj so Desire to, and Affirm, and with Me-azwj is the Mother of the Book. If you-asws want to make something for him from your-as age, I-azwj shall Attach it to him-as! He-as said: ‘O Lord-azwj! I-as have made it for him-as, from my-as age, sixty years, to complete one hundred (for him-as)’.
قَالَ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِجَبْرَئِيلَ وَ مِيكَائِيلَ وَ مَلَكِ الْمَوْتِ اكْتُبُوا عَلَيْهِ كِتَاباً فَإِنَّهُ سَيَنْسَى قَالَ فَكَتَبُوا عَلَيْهِ كِتَاباً وَ خَتَمُوهُ بِأَجْنِحَتِهِمْ مِنْ طِينَةِ عِلِّيِّينَ
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said to Jibraeel-as and Mikaeel-as, and the Angel of Death: “Write upon him (Adam-as) a letter, for he-as would be forgetting”. He-asws said: ‘They wrote a letter to him-as, and sealed it with their seals from the clay of Illiyeen’.
قَالَ فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْ آدَمَ ع الْوَفَاةُ أَتَاهُ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ فَقَالَ آدَمُ يَا مَلَكَ الْمَوْتِ مَا جَاءَ بِكَ قَالَ جِئْتُ لِأَقْبِضَ رُوحَكَ قَالَ قَدْ بَقِيَ مِنْ عُمُرِي سِتُّونَ سَنَةً فَقَالَ إِنَّكَ جَعَلْتَهَا لِابْنِكَ دَاوُدَ قَالَ وَ نَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ جَبْرَئِيلُ وَ أَخْرَجَ لَهُ الْكِتَابَ
He-asws said: ‘When death presented itself to Adam-as, the Angel of Death came over to him-as, so Adam-as said: ‘O Angel of Death! What have you come for?’ He said: ‘To capture your soul’. He-as said: ‘But there still remain sixty years from my-as age’. He said: ‘You-as had made it for your-as son-as Dawood-as’. He-asws said: ‘And Jibraeel-as descended unto him-as and brought out for him-as the letter’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَمِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ إِذَا أُخْرِجَ الصَّكُ عَلَى الْمَدْيُونِ ذَلَّ الْمَدْيُونُ فَقَبَضَ رُوحَهُ
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘For that reason, when the promissory note is brought out upon the debtor, the debtor is humbled’. Then, he captured his-as soul.[135]
2- ع، علل الشرائع ابْنُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْبَاقِرِ ع أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَرَضَ عَلَى آدَمَ أَسْمَاءَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَ أَعْمَارَهُمْ
Ibn Al Mutawakkal, from Al Humeyri, from Ibn Isa, from Ibn Mahboub, from Malik Ibn Atiya, from Abu Hamza Al Sumaly,
‘From Abu Ja’far Al-Baqir-asws that Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Presented unto Adam-as the names of the Prophets-as and their-as ages’.
قَالَ فَمَرَّ بِآدَمَ اسْمُ دَاوُدَ النَّبِيِّ ع فَإِذَا عُمُرُهُ فِي الْعَالَمِ أَرْبَعُونَ سَنَةً فَقَالَ آدَمُ ع يَا رَبِّ مَا أَقَلَّ عُمُرَ دَاوُدَ وَ مَا أَكْثَرَ عُمُرِي يَا رَبِّ إِنْ أَنَا زِدْتُ دَاوُدَ مِنْ عُمُرِي ثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً أَ تُثْبِتُ لَهُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ نَعَمْ يَا آدَمُ قَالَ فَإِنِّي قَدْ زِدْتُهُ مِنْ عُمُرِي ثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً فَأَنْفِذْ ذَلِكَ لَهُ وَ أَثْبِتْهَا لَهُ عِنْدَكَ وَ اطْرَحْهَا مِنْ عُمُرِي
He-asws said: ‘The name of Dawood-as passed by (the eyes of) Adam-as and his-as age in the words was of forty years. Adam-as said: ‘O Lord-azwj! How little is the age of Dawood-as and what a lot is my-as age! O Lord-azwj! If I-as increase for Dawood-as from my-as age by thirty years, will You-azwj Affirm that for him-as?’ He-azwj Said: “Yes, O Adam-as”. He-as said: ‘The I-as have increased him-as by thirty years from my-as age, so Implement that for him-as and Affirm it for him-as with You-azwj, and Drop it from my-as age’.
قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع فَأَثْبَتَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِدَاوُدَ فِي عُمُرِهِ ثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً وَ كَانَتْ لَهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مُثْبَتَةً فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ يَمْحُوا اللَّهُ ما يَشاءُ وَ يُثْبِتُ وَ عِنْدَهُ أُمُّ الْكِتابِ
Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Affirmed for Dawood-as in his-as age by thirty years, and it was affirmed for him-as in the Presence of Allah-azwj, and that is the Word of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Allah Deletes and Affirms whatever He so Desires to, and with Him is the Mother of the Book [13:39]’.
قَالَ فَمَحَا اللَّهُ مَا كَانَ عِنْدَهُ مُثْبَتاً لِآدَمَ وَ أَثْبَتَ لِدَاوُدَ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ مُثْبَتاً
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Deleted what was already Affirmed with Him-azwj for Adam-as and Affirmed for Dawood-as what did not happen to be Affirmed with Him-azwj’.
قَالَ فَمَضَى عُمُرُ آدَمَ ع فَهَبَطَ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ لِقَبْضِ رُوحِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ آدَمُ يَا مَلَكَ الْمَوْتِ إِنَّهُ قَدْ بَقِيَ مِنْ عُمُرِي ثَلَاثُونَ سَنَةً فَقَالَ لَهُ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ يَا آدَمُ أَ لَمْ تَجْعَلْهَا لِابْنِكَ دَاوُدَ النَّبِيِّ ع وَ طَرَحْتَهَا مِنْ عُمُرِكَ حِينَ عُرِضَ عَلَيْكَ أَسْمَاءُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِكَ وَ عُرِضَتْ عَلَيْكَ أَعْمَارُهُمْ وَ أَنْتَ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِوَادِي الدَّخْيَاءِ
He-asws said: ‘The age of Adam-as expired and the Angel of death descended to capture his-as soul. Adam-as said to him: ‘O Angel of death! Thirty years still remain from my-as age’. The Angel of death said to him-as: ‘O Adam-as! Did you-as not make it to be for your-as son-as Dawood-as the Prophet-as, and had it dropped from your-as age when the names of the Prophets-as from your-as offspring were presented to you-as, and their-as ages were presented to you-as, and on that day you-as were at the Al-Dakhya valley?
قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ آدَمُ ع مَا أَذْكُرُ هَذَا
He-asws said: ‘Adam-as said to him: ‘I-as don’t remember this’.
قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ يَا آدَمُ لَا تَجْحَدْ أَ لَمْ تَسْأَلِ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يُثْبِتَهَا لِدَاوُدَ وَ يَمْحُوَهَا مِنْ عُمُرِكَ فَأَثْبَتَهَا لِدَاوُدَ فِي الزَّبُورِ وَ مَحَاهَا مِنْ عُمُرِكَ فِي الذِّكْرِ قَالَ آدَمُ ع حَتَّى أَعْلَمُ ذَلِكَ
He-asws said: ‘The Angel of death said to him-as: ‘O Adam-as! Do not defy. Did you-as not ask Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic to Affirm it for Dawood-as and Delete it from your-as age, so He-azwj Affirmed it for Dawood-as in the Psalms and Deleted it from your-as age in the Reminder?’ Adam-as said: ‘Until I-as know that.
قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع وَ كَانَ آدَمُ صَادِقاً لَمْ يَذْكُرْ وَ لَمْ يَجْحَدْ فَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى الْعِبَادَ أَنْ يَكْتُبُوا بَيْنَهُمْ إِذَا تَدَايَنُوا وَ تَعَامَلُوا إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمَّى لِنِسْيَانِ آدَمَ وَ جُحُودِهِ مَا جَعَلَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ
Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘And Adam-as was truthful. He-azwj did not remember and did not defy. From that day, Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Commanded the servants that they should write down between them whenever they lend and deal with each other up to a specified term, due to the forgetfulness of Adam-as and his-as defiance of what he-as had made to be upon himself-as.[136]
3- يب، تهذيب الأحكام أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ خَلَفِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: لَمَّا مَاتَ آدَمُ ع فَبَلَغَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ هِبَةُ اللَّهِ لِجَبْرَئِيلَ تَقَدَّمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَصَلِّ عَلَى نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَنَا بِالسُّجُودِ لِأَبِيكَ فَلَسْنَا نَتَقَدَّمُ أَبْرَارَ وُلْدِهِ وَ أَنْتَ مِنْ أَبَرِّهِمْ
‘Tahzeeb Al Ahkaam’ – Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Khalaf Bin Hamad, from Abdullah Ibn Sinan,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When Adam-as passed away, and (the time) reached for the Salat upon him-as, Hibtullah-as said to Jibraeel-as: ‘Proceed, O Messenger-as of Allah-azwj, and pray Salat upon a Prophet-as of Allah-azwj’. Jibraeel-as said: ‘Allah-azwj Commanded us (Angels) with the Sajdah to your-as father-as, so we will not precede the righteous of his-as sons and you-as are from his-as righteous ones’.
فَتَقَدَّمَ فَكَبَّرَ عَلَيْهِ خَمْساً عِدَّةَ الصَّلَوَاتِ الَّتِي فَرَضَهَا اللَّهُ عَلَى أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص وَ هِيَ السُّنَّةُ الْجَارِيَةُ فِي وُلْدِهِ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ
He-as exclaimed five Takbeers upon him-as, the number of Salats which Allah-azwj Imposed upon the community of Muhammad-saww, and it is the Sunnah flowing among his-as children up to the Day of Qiyamah.[137]
4- كا، الكافي الْعِدَّةُ عَنِ ابْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ مَا بَيْنَ الرُّكْنِ وَ الْمَقَامِ لَمَشْحُونٌ مِنْ قُبُورِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَ إِنَّ آدَمَ لَفِي حَرَمِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ
‘Al-Kafi’ – The number, from Ibn Ahmad, from Abu Najran, from Al Mufazzal, from Jabir,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘What is between the (Al-Yamani) Corner (of the Kabah) and the Maqam (Standing place of Ibrahim-as), is fraught with graves of the Prophets-as, and that Adam-as (Grave) is in the Sanctuary (Hurrum) of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic.[138]
5- ل، الخصال أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عِيسَى وَ الْبَرْقِيِّ مَعاً عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ السِّمْطِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ آدَمَ ع اشْتَكَى فَاشْتَهَى فَاكِهَةً فَانْطَلَقَ هِبَةُ اللَّهِ يَطْلُبُ لَهُ فَاكِهَةً فَاسْتَقْبَلَ جَبْرَئِيلُ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَيْنَ تَذْهَبُ يَا هِبَةَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ آدَمَ يَشْتَكِي وَ إِنَّهُ اشْتَهَى فَاكِهَةً قَالَ لَهُ فَارْجِعْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَدْ قَبَضَ رُوحَهُ
‘Al Khisaal’ – My father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Absy and Al Barqy both together, from Ibn Fazal, from Yunus Ibn Yaqoub, from Sufyan Bin Al Simt,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Adam-as complained and desired fruits, so Hibtullah-as went seeking fruits for him-as, and came across Jibraeel-as who said to him-as: ‘Where are you intending (to go to), O Hibtullah-as?’ He-as said: ‘Adam-as complained and he-as desires fruits’. He-as said: ‘Return, for Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has already Captured his-as soul’.
قَالَ فَرَجَعَ فَوَجَدَهُ قَدْ قَبَضَهُ اللَّهُ فَغَسَّلَتْهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ثُمَّ وُضِعَ وَ أُمِرَ هِبَةُ اللَّهِ أَنْ يَتَقَدَّمَ وَ يُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ فَتَقَدَّمَ فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ وَ الْمَلَائِكَةُ خَلْفَهُ وَ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يُكَبِّرَ عَلَيْهِ خَمْساً وَ أَنْ يَسُلَّهُ وَ أَنْ يُسَوِّيَ قَبْرَهُ
He-asws said: ‘He-azwj returned and found him-as Allah-azwj to have Captured his-as soul. The Angles washed him-as, then placed him-as, and instructed Hibtullah-as to go ahead and pray Salat over him-as. He-as proceeded and prayed Salat over him-as, and the Angels were behind him-as, and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed to him-as to exclaim five Takbeers over him-as, and to be gentle with him-as and even out his-as grave’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ هَكَذَا فَاصْنَعُوا بِمَوْتَاكُمْ
Then he-asws said: ‘That is how you all should be dealing with your deceased.[139]
6- كا، الكافي عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لَمَّا مَاتَ آدَمُ وَ شَمِتَ بِهِ إِبْلِيسُ وَ قَابِيلُ فَاجْتَمَعَا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَجَعَلَ إِبْلِيسُ وَ قَابِيلُ الْمَعَازِفَ وَ الْمَلَاهِيَ شَمَاتَةً بِآدَمَ ع فَكُلُّ مَا كَانَ فِي الْأَرْضِ مِنْ هَذَا الضَّرْبِ الَّذِي يَتَلَذَّذُ بِهِ النَّاسُ فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنْ ذَاكَ
‘Al-Kafi’ – A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Muhammad Bin Suleyman Bin Sama’at, from Abdullah Bin Al Qasim, from Sama’at who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘When Adam-as passed away, Iblees-la and Qabeel-la gloated with it and they-la both gathered in the earth, and Iblees-la and Qabeel-la made music and musical instruments as a gloating with Adam-as. Thus, all what would be in the earth from this type which the people are deriving pleasure with, are rather from that.[140]
7- يب، تهذيب الأحكام سَمِعْتُ مُرْسَلًا مِنَ الشُّيُوخِ وَ مُذَاكَرَةً وَ لَمْ يَحْضُرْنِي الْآنَ إِسْنَادُهُ أَنَّ آدَمَ ع لَمَّا أَهْبَطَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ جَنَّةِ الْمَأْوَى إِلَى الْأَرْضِ اسْتَوْحَشَ فَسَأَلَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَنْ يُؤْنِسَهُ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ أَشْجَارِ الْجَنَّةِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَيْهِ النَّخْلَةَ فَكَانَ يَأْنَسُ بِهَا فِي حَيَاتِهِ
‘Tahzeeb Al Ahkaam’ – I heard it by an unbroken chain from the sheykhs and memorisers and its chain is not present with me now –
‘When Allah-azwj Sent Adam-as down from the Garden of Ma’wa to the earth, he-as was lonely and asked Allah-azwj the Exalted to Comfort him-as with something from the trees of the Paradise, so Allah-azwj the Exalted Sent down the palm tree, and he-as was finding comfort with it during his-as lifetime.
فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ قَالَ لِوُلْدِهِ إِنِّي كُنْتُ آنَسُ بِهَا فِي حَيَاتِي وَ أَرْجُو الْأُنْسَ بِهَا بَعْدَ وَفَاتِي فَإِذَا مِتُّ فَخُذُوا مِنْهَا جَرِيداً وَ شُقُّوهُ بِنِصْفَيْنِ وَ ضَعُوهُمَا مَعِي فِي أَكْفَانِي
He-as said to his-as children: ‘I-as used to find comfort with it during my-as lifetime and I-as hope for the familiarity with it after my-as expiry. When I-as pass away, take a twig from it and break it into two halves and place these with me-as in my-as shroud’.
فَفَعَلَ وُلْدُهُ ذَلِكَ وَ فَعَلَتْهُ الْأَنْبِيَاءُ بَعْدَهُ ثُمَّ انْدَرَسَ ذَلِكَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَأَحْيَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ص وَ فَعَلَهُ فَصَارَتْ سُنَّةً مُتَّبَعَةً
His-as children did that, and the Prophets-as did that after it, then that was wiped out during the pre-Islamic period, and the Prophet-saww revived it and did it, so it became a Sunnah to be followed.[141]
8- ل، الخصال سَيَجِيءُ فِي أَخْبَارِ فَضْلِ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ عَنْ أَبِي لُبَابَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص أَنَّ آدَمَ ع تُوُفِّيَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ
There has come in the Ahadeeth of the merits of the day of Friday, from Abu Lababah,
‘From the Prophet-saww: ‘Adam-as expired on the day of Friday.[142]
9- فس، تفسير القمي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ السُّكَيْنِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْبَجَلِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ هَارُونَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع فِي خَبَرٍ طَوِيلٍ أَنَّهُ عَرَضَ مَلِكُ الرُّومِ عَلَى الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ع صُوَرَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ فَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ صَنَماً فِي صِفَةٍ حَسَنَةٍ فَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ ع هَذِهِ صِفَةُ شَيْثِ بْنِ آدَمَ ع وَ كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ بُعِثَ وَ بَلَغَ عُمُرُهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ وَ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً
‘Tafseer Al-Qummi’ – Al-Husayn Bin Abdullah al Sakeyni, from Abu Saeed Al Bajaly, from Abdul Malik Bin Haroun,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws, in a lengthy Hadeeth – A king of Rome presented unto Al-Hassan Bin Ali-asws, images of the Prophets, and presented idols unto him-as in excellent description. Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘This is a description of Shees Bin Adam-as, and he-as was the first one Sent and his-as age in the world reached one thousand and forty years.[143]
10- مع، معاني الأخبار ل، الخصال فِي خَبَرِ أَبِي ذَرٍّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص أَنَّ أَرْبَعَةً مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ سُرْيَانِيُّونَ- آدَمُ وَ شَيْثٌ وَ إِدْرِيسُ وَ نُوحٌ وَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَنْزَلَ عَلَى شَيْثٍ خَمْسِينَ صَحِيفَةً
In a Hadeeth of Abu Zarr-ra, from the Prophet-saww: ‘Four from the Prophets-as were Assyrian – Adam-as, and Shees-as, and Idrees-as, and Noah-as, and that Allah-azwj the Exalted Revealed unto Shees-as, five hundred Parchments.[144]
11- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الصَّدُوقِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أُورَمَةَ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْيَعْقُوبِيِّ عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ مُقَاتِلٍ عَمَّنْ سَمِعَ زُرَارَةَ يَقُولُ سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ بَدْءِ النَّسْلِ مِنْ آدَمَ ع كَيْفَ كَانَ وَ عَنْ بَدْءِ النَّسْلِ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّةِ آدَمَ وَ سَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ إِلَى آخِرِ مَا أَوْرَدْنَا فِي بَابِ تَزْوِيجِ آدَمَ ثُمَّ قَالَ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By the chain from Al Sadouq, from his father, from Muhammad Al Attar, from Ibn Aban, from Ibn Awrama, from Al Nowfaly, from Ali Bin Dawood Al Yaqouby, from Maqatal Bin Maqatal, from the one who heard Zurara saying,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws was asked about the beginning of the lineage from Adam-as, ‘How did it happen? And about the beginning of the lineage from the offspring of Adam-as’ – and continued the Hadeeth up to the end of what we referred to in the chapter of marriage of Adam-as, then said:
فَلَمْ يَلْبَثْ آدَمُ ع بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا يَسِيراً حَتَّى مَرِضَ فَدَعَا شَيْثاً وَ قَالَ يَا بُنَيَّ إِنَّ أَجَلِي قَدْ حَضَرَ وَ أَنَا مَرِيضٌ وَ إِنَّ رَبِّي قَدْ أَنْزَلَ مِنْ سُلْطَانِهِ مَا قَدْ تَرَى وَ قَدْ عَهِدَ إِلَيَّ فِيمَا قَدْ عَهِدَ أَنْ أَجْعَلَكَ وَصِيِّي وَ خَازِنَ مَا اسْتَوْدَعَنِي وَ هَذَا كِتَابُ الْوَصِيَّةِ تَحْتَ رَأْسِي وَ فِيهِ أَثَرُ الْعِلْمِ وَ اسْمُ اللَّهِ الْأَكْبَرُ
‘Adam-as did not remain after that except for a little while until he-as fell sick. He-as called Shees-as and said: ‘O my-as son-as! My-as term has presented and I-as am sick, and my-as Lord-azwj has Revealed from His-azwj Authority what you-as have seen, and has Pacted to me-as regarding what He-azwj has Pacted that I-as should make you-as my-as successor-as and treasurer of what is deposited with me-as, and this is a letter of the bequest under my-as head, and in it is the effects of the knowledge and the Greatest Name of Allah-azwj.
فَإِذَا أَنَا مِتُّ فَخُذِ الصَّحِيفَةَ وَ إِيَّاكَ أَنْ يَطَّلِعَ عَلَيْهَا أَحَدٌ وَ أَنْ تَنْظُرَ فِيهَا إِلَى قَابِلٍ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي يَصِيرُ إِلَيْكَ فِيهِ وَ فِيهَا جَمِيعُ مَا تَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ أُمُورِ دِينِكَ وَ دُنْيَاكَ وَ كَانَ آدَمُ ع نَزَلَ بِالصَّحِيفَةِ الَّتِي فِيهَا الْوَصِيَّةُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ
When I-as die, then take the Parchment, and beware of notifying upon anyone, and that you-as should look into it during the like of this day next year which will be coming to you-as, and therein is the entirety of what you-as will be needy to from the matters of your-as Religion and your-as world’. And Adam-as had descended with the Parchment in which was the bequest from the Paradise.
ثُمَّ قَالَ آدَمُ ع لِشَيْثٍ يَا بُنَيَّ إِنِّي قَدِ اشْتَهَيْتُ ثَمَرَةً مِنْ ثِمَارِ الْجَنَّةِ فَاصْعَدْ إِلَى جَبَلِ الْحَدِيدِ فَانْظُرْ مَنْ لَقِيتَهُ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ فَأَقْرِئْهُ مِنِّي السَّلَامَ وَ قُلْ لَهُ إِنَّ أَبِي مَرِيضٌ وَ هُوَ يَسْتَهْدِيكُمْ مِنْ ثِمَارِ الْجَنَّةِ
Then Adam-as said to Shees-as: ‘O my-as son-as! I-as have become desirous to a fruit from the fruits of the Paradise, so ascend to Mount Al-Hadeed and look at one the Angels who meets you-as, convey to him the greetings from me-as and say to him: ‘My-as father-as is sick and he-as wants you to gift him-as from the fruits of the Paradise’.
قَالَ فَمَضَى حَتَّى صَعِدَ إِلَى الْجَبَلِ فَإِذَا هُوَ بِجَبْرَئِيلَ فِي قَبَائِلَ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ فَبَدَأَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ بِالسَّلَامِ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِلَى أَيْنَ يَا شَيْثُ فَقَالَ لَهُ شَيْثٌ وَ مَنْ أَنْتَ يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ قَالَ أَنَا الرُّوحُ الْأَمِينُ جَبْرَئِيلُ
He-asws said: ‘He-as went until he-as climbed to the mountain, and there was Jibraeel-as among a tribe from the Angels. Jibraeel-as initiated him-as with the greetings, then said: ‘To where, O Shees-as?’ Shees-as said to him-as: ‘And who are you-as, O servant of Allah-azwj?’ He-as said:’ I-as am the Trustworthy Spirit Jibraeel-as’.
فَقَالَ إِنَّ أَبِي مَرِيضٌ وَ قَدْ أَرْسَلَنِي إِلَيْكُمْ وَ هُوَ يُقْرِئُكُمُ السَّلَامَ وَ يَسْتَهْدِيكُمْ مِنْ ثِمَارِ الْجَنَّةِ
He-as said: ‘My-as father-as is sick and has sent me-as to you-as, and he-as conveys the greetings to you all and asking you to gift him-as from the fruits of the Paradise’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع وَ عَلَى أَبِيكَ السَّلَامُ يَا شَيْثُ أَمَا إِنَّهُ قَدْ قُبِضَ وَ إِنَّمَا نَزَلْتُ لِشَأْنِهِ فَعَظَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَى مُصِيبَتِكَ فِيهِ أَجْرَكَ وَ أَحْسَنَ عَلَى الْعَزَاءِ مِنْهُ صَبْرَكَ وَ آنَسَ بِمَكَانِهِ مِنْكَ عَظِيمَ وَحْشَتِكَ ارْجِعْ
Jibraeel-as said to him-as: ‘And the greetings be upon your-as father-as, O Shees-as! But, he-as has passed away, and rather we descended for his-as matter. May Allah-azwj Magnify your-as Recompense upon your-as calamity regarding him-as, and Be excellent upon the condolence from Him-azwj on your-as patience, and Comfort from you-as in the greatness of your-as loneliness. Return!’
فَرَجَعَ مَعَهُمْ وَ مَعَهُمْ كُلُّ مَا يَصْلُحُ بِهِ أَمْرُ آدَمَ ع قَدْ جَاءُوا بِهِ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ فَلَمَّا صَارُوا إِلَى آدَمَ ع كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَا صَنَعَ شَيْثٌ أَنْ أَخَذَ صَحِيفَةَ الْوَصِيَّةِ مِنْ تَحْتِ رَأْسِ آدَمَ ع فَشَدَّهَا عَلَى بَطْنِهِ
He-as returned with them, and was with them during all what was corrected with him-as the matter of Adam-as. They had come with it from the Paradise. When they came to Adam-as, the first of what Shees-as did was that he-as took a parchment of the bequest from beneath the head of Adam-as and fastened it upon his-as belly.
فَقَالَ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع مَنْ مِثْلُكَ يَا شَيْثُ قَدْ أَعْطَاكَ اللَّهُ سُرُورَ كَرَامَتِهِ وَ أَلْبَسَكَ لِبَاسَ عَافِيَتِهِ فَلَعَمْرِي لَقَدْ خَصَّكَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ بِأَمْرٍ جَلِيلٍ
Jibraeel-as said: ‘Who is like you-as, O Shees-as (and) Allah-azwj has Given you-as the cheerfulness of His-azwj Prestige and Clothed you-as the clothing of His-azwj well-being? By my-as life! Allah-azwj has Specialised you-as with a majestic matter from Him-azwj’.
ثُمَّ إِنَّ جَبْرَئِيلَ ع وَ شَيْثاً أَخَذَا فِي غُسْلِهِ وَ أَرَاهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ كَيْفَ يُغَسِّلُهُ حَتَّى فَرَغَ ثُمَّ أَرَاهُ كَيْفَ يُكَفِّنُهُ وَ يُحَنِّطُهُ حَتَّى فَرَغَ ثُمَّ أَرَاهُ كَيْفَ يَحْفِرُ لَهُ ثُمَّ إِنَّ جَبْرَئِيلَ أَخَذَ بِيَدِ شَيْثٍ فَأَقَامَهُ لِلصَّلَاةِ عَلَيْهِ كَمَا نَقُومُ الْيَوْمَ نَحْنُ
Then Jibraeel-as and Shees-as both took to washing him-as, and Jibraeel-as showed him-as how to wash him-as until he-as was face. Then he-as showed him-as and embalmed him-as until he-as was free. Then he-as showed him-as to dig (grave) for him-as. Then Jibraeel-as grabbed a hand of Shees-as and stood him-as for the Salat upon him-as just as we tend to stand today’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ كَبِّرْ عَلَى أَبِيكَ سَبْعِينَ تَكْبِيرَةً وَ عَلَّمَهُ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ ثُمَّ إِنَّ جَبْرَئِيلَ ع أَمَرَ الْمَلَائِكَةَ أَنْ يَصْطَفُّوا قِيَاماً خَلْفَ شَيْثٍ كَمَا يُصْطَفُّ الْيَوْمَ خَلْفَ الْمُصَلِّي عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ
Then he-as said: ‘Exclaim Takbeers upon your-as father, seventy Takbeers’, and he-as taught him-as how he-as should do so. Then Jibraeel-as ordered the Angels that they should form rows standing behind Shees-as just as (people) form rows today behind the one praying upon the deceased.
فَقَالَ شَيْثٌ ع يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ وَ يَسْتَقِيمُ هَذَا لِي وَ أَنْتَ مِنَ اللَّهِ بِالْمَكَانِ الَّذِي أَنْتَ وَ مَعَكَ عُظَمَاءُ الْمَلَائِكَةِ فَقَالَ جَبْرَئِيلُ يَا شَيْثُ أَ لَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى لَمَّا خَلَقَ أَبَاكَ آدَمَ أَوْقَفَهُ بَيْنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَ أَمَرَنَا بِالسُّجُودِ لَهُ فَكَانَ إِمَامَنَا لِيَكُونَ ذَلِكَ سُنَّةً فِي ذُرِّيَّتِهِ وَ قَدْ قَبَضَهُ الْيَوْمَ وَ أَنْتَ وَصِيُّهُ وَ وَارِثُ عِلْمِهِ وَ أَنْتَ تَقُومُ مَقَامَهُ فَكَيْفَ نَتَقَدَّمُكَ وَ أَنْتَ إِمَامُنَا فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ عَلَيْهِ كَمَا أَمَرَهُ
Shees-as said: ‘O Jibraeel-as! You-as straightened this for me-as although you-as are from Allah-azwj with the rank which you-as are, and with you-as are the great Angels?’ Jibraeel-as said: ‘O Shees-as! Do you-as not know that when Allah-azwj the Exalted Created your-as father-as, Paused him-as between the Angels and Commanded with the Sajdah to him-as, and he-as was in front of us for that to become a Sunnah among his-as offspring, and he-as has expired today, and you-as are his-as successor-as, and inheritor of his-as knowledge, and you-as are standing in his-as place. So, how can we lead you-as and you-as are our Imam? Pray Salat with them upon him-as just as I-as instruct him-as’.
ثُمَّ أَرَاهُ كَيْفَ يَدْفِنُهُ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ دَفْنِهِ وَ ذَهَبَ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع وَ مَنْ مَعَهُ لِيَصْعَدُوا مِنْ حَيْثُ جَاءُوا بَكَى شَيْثٌ وَ نَادَى يَا وَحْشَتَاهْ فَقَالَ لَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ لَا وَحْشَةَ عَلَيْكَ مَعَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى يَا شَيْثُ بَلْ نَحْنُ نَازِلُونَ عَلَيْكَ بِأَمْرِ رَبِّكَ وَ هُوَ يُؤْنِسُكَ فَلَا تَحْزَنْ وَ أَحْسِنْ ظَنَّكَ بِرَبِّكَ فَإِنَّهُ بِكَ لَطِيفٌ وَ عَلَيْكَ شَفِيقٌ
Then he-as showed him-as how to bury him-as. When he-as was free from burying him-as, and Jibraeel-as went away with the ones who were with him-as to ascend from where they had come, Shees-as cried and called out: ‘O loneliness!’ Jibraeel-as said to him-as: ‘There is no loneliness upon you-as with Allah-azwj the Exalted, O Shees-as! But we will be descending unto you-as by the Command of your-as Lord-azwj and He-azwj will Comfort you-as, therefore do not grieve and keep your thoughts with your-as Lord-azwj to be good, for He-azwj is Kind with you-as and Compassionate upon you-as’.
ثُمَّ صَعِدَ جَبْرَئِيلُ وَ مَنْ مَعَهُ وَ هَبَطَ قَابِيلُ مِنَ الْجَبَلِ وَ كَانَ عَلَى الْجَبَلِ هَارِباً مِنْ أَبِيهِ آدَمَ ع أَيَّامَ حَيَاتِهِ لَا يَقْدِرُ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ إِلَيْهِ
Then Jibraeel-as and the ones with him-as ascended, and Qabeel-la descended from the mountain, and he-la had been upon the mountain having had fled from his-la father-as Adam-as in the days of his-as lifetime, not being able upon looking at him-as.
فَلَقِيَ شَيْثاً فَقَالَ يَا شَيْثُ إِنِّي إِنَّمَا قَتَلْتُ هَابِيلَ أَخِي لِأَنَّ قُرْبَانَهُ تُقُبِّلَ وَ لَمْ يُتَقَبَّلْ قُرْبَانِي وَ خِفْتُ أَنْ يَصِيرَ بِالْمَكَانِ الَّذِي قَدْ صِرْتَ أَنْتَ الْيَوْمَ فِيهِ وَ قَدْ صِرْتَ بِحَيْثُ أَكْرَهُ وَ إِنْ تَكَلَّمْتَ بِشَيْءٍ مِمَّا عَهِدَ إِلَيْكَ بِهِ أَبِي لَأَقْتُلَنَّكَ كَمَا قَتَلْتُ هَابِيلَ
He-la met Shees-as and he-la said, ‘O Shees-as! I-la rather killed Habeel-as my-la brother-as, because his-as offering was Accepted and my-la offering was not Accepted, and I-la feared that you-as would become with the position which you-as come to be in today, and you-as have become where I-la dislike it, and if you-as speak with anything from what my-la father-as pacted to you-as with it, I-la will kill you-as just as I-la killed Habeel-as.
قَالَ زُرَارَةُ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع بِيَدِهِ إِلَى فَمِهِ فَأَمْسَكَهُ يُعَلِّمُنَا أَيْ هَكَذَا أَنَا سَاكِتٌ فَلَا تُلْقُوْا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ مَعْشَرَ شِيعَتِنَا فَتُمَكِّنُوا عَدُوَّكُمْ مِنْ رِقَابِكُمْ فَتَكُونُوا عَبِيداً لَهُمْ بَعْدَ إِذْ أَنْتُمْ أَرْبَابُهُمْ وَ سَادَاتُهُمْ فَإِنَّ فِي التَّقِيَّةِ مِنْهُمْ لَكُمْ رَدّاً عَمَّا قَدْ أَصْبَحُوا فِيهِ مِنَ الْفَضَائِحِ بِأَعْمَالِهِمُ الْخَبِيثَةِ عَلَانِيَةً وَ مَا يَرَوْنَ مِنْكُمْ مِنْ تَوَرُّعِكُمْ عَنِ الْمَحَارِمِ وَ تَنَزُّهِكُمْ عَنِ الْأَشْرِبَةِ السَّوْءِ وَ الْمَعَاصِي وَ كَثْرَةِ الْحَجِّ وَ الصَّلَاةِ وَ تَرْكِ كَلَامِهِمْ
Zurara said, ‘Then Abu Abdullah-asws said by his-asws hand to his-asws mouth and withheld it to teach us, ‘Yes, this is how I-asws keep silent, therefore do not cast yourselves into destruction with your own hands, or community of our-asws Shias, for you will be enabling your enemies from your necks, and you will become slaves of theirs after you have been their lords and their chiefs, for in the Taqiyyah (dissimulation) from them there is a cloak for you from what would have become in it from the scandals due to their openly wicked deeds of theirs, and what they would be seeing from you from your keeping away from the Prohibitions and your walking away from drinking the evil and the disobediences, and your frequenting the Hajj and the Salat, and your neglecting their speeches.[145]
12- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ إِلَى الصَّدُوقِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ ابْنَ آدَمَ حِينَ قَتَلَ أَخَاهُ قَتَلَ شَرُّهُمَا خَيْرَهُمَا فَوَهَبَ اللَّهُ لآِدَمَ وَلَداً فَسَمَّاهُ هِبَةَ اللَّهِ وَ كَانَ وَصِيَّهُ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By the chain to Al Sadouq, from his father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Ali Ibn Abu Hamza,
‘From Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws having said: ‘When a son of Adam-as killed his brother, the evil of the two killed the good of the two, Allah-azwj Granted a son to Adam-as. He-as named him-as as ‘Hibtullah’ and he-as was his-as successor-as.
فَلَمَّا حَضَرَ آدَمَ ع وَفَاتُهُ قَالَ يَا هِبَةَ اللَّهِ قَالَ لَبَّيْكَ قَالَ انْطَلِقْ إِلَى جَبْرَئِيلَ فَقُلْ إِنَّ أَبِي آدَمَ يُقْرِئُكَ السَّلَامَ وَ يَسْتَطْعِمُكَ مِنْ طَعَامِ الْجَنَّةِ وَ قَدِ اشْتَاقَ إِلَى ذَلِكَ
When his-as expiry presented to Adam-as, he-as said: ‘O Hibtullah-as!’ He-as said: ‘At your-as service’. He-as said: ‘Go to Jibraeel-as and say: ‘My-as father-as Adam-as conveys the greetings to you-as and want you-as to feed him-as from the food of the Paradise, and he-as is desirous to that.
فَخَرَجَ هِبَةُ اللَّهِ فَاسْتَقْبَلَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ فَأَبْلَغَهُ مَا أَرْسَلَهُ بِهِ أَبُوهُ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ رَحِمَ اللَّهُ أَبَاكَ فَرَجَعَ هِبَةُ اللَّهِ وَ قَدْ قَبَضَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى آدَمَ ع فَخَرَجَ بِهِ هِبَةُ اللَّهِ وَ صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ وَ كَبَّرَ عَلَيْهِ خَمْساً وَ سَبْعِينَ تَكْبِيرَةً سَبْعِينَ لآِدَمَ وَ خَمْسَةً لِأَوْلَادِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ
Hibtullah-as went and met Jibraeel-as and delivered to him-as what his-as father-as had sent him-as with. Jibraeel-as said to him-as: ‘May Allah-azwj Mercy your-as father-as’. Hibtullah-as returned and Allah-azwj the Exalted had already Caused Adam-as to pass away. Hibtullah-as went out and prayed Salat upon him-as, and exclaimed seventy-five Takbeers upon him-as, seventy for Adam-as and five for his-as children from after him-as.[146]
13- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الصَّدُوقِ عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَتِّيلٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ وَ كَرَّامِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي الدَّيْلَمِ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع قَالَ: أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى آدَمَ ع أَنَّ قَابِيلَ عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ قَتَلَ أَخَاهُ وَ أَنِّي أُعْقِبُكَ مِنْهُ غُلَاماً يَكُونُ خَلِيفَتَكَ وَ يَرِثُ عِلْمَكَ وَ يَكُونُ عَالِمَ الْأَرْضِ وَ رَبَّانِيَّهَا بَعْدَكَ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By the chain from Al Sadouq, from Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Ibn Mateyl, from Muhammad Bin Al-Husayn, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Ismail Bin Jabir, and Karam Bin Amro, from Abdul Hameed Ibn Abu Al Daylam,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj Revealed to Adam-as: “Qabeel-la is an enemy of Allah-azwj (and) killed his-la brother-as, and I-azwj shall Give you-as a boy as posterity from him-as becoming your-as Caliph and inherit your-as knowledge and become a knowledgeable one of the earth and its spiritualist after you-as”.
وَ هُوَ الَّذِي يُدْعَى فِي الْكُتُبِ شَيْثاً وَ سَمَّاهُ أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ هِبَةَ اللَّهِ وَ هُوَ اسْمُهُ بِالْعَرَبِيَّةِ وَ كَانَ آدَمُ بَشَّرَ بِنُوحٍ ع وَ قَالَ إِنَّهُ سَيَأْتِي نَبِيٌّ مِنْ بَعْدِيَ اسْمُهُ نُوحٌ فَمَنْ بَلَغَهُ مِنْكُمْ فَلْيُسَلِّمْ لَهُ فَإِنَّ قَوْمَهُ يَهْلِكُونَ بِالْغَرَقِ إِلَّا مَنْ آمَنَ بِهِ وَ صَدَّقَهُ فِيمَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ وَ مَا أُمِرُوا بِهِ
And he-as is the one who is called in the Book as ‘Shees’, and named him-as Abu Muhammad Hibtullah-as, and it is his-as name in Arabic, and Adam-as had given the glad tidings of Noah-as and said, ‘There will be coming a Prophet-as from after me-as, his-as name is Noah-as, so the ones from you who see him-as then let him greet him-as, for his-as people would be destroyed by the drowning except the ones who believe in him-as, and ratify him-as regarding what he-as says to them and what he-as had been Commanded with.[147]
14- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الصَّدُوقِ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ حَبِيبٍ السِّجِسْتَانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: لَمَّا عَلِمَ آدَمُ ع بِقَتْلِ هَابِيلَ جَزِعَ عَلَيْهِ جَزَعاً شَدِيداً فَشَكَا ذَلِكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَيْهِ أَنِّي وَاهِبٌ لَكَ ذَكَراً يَكُونُ خَلَفاً مِنْ هَابِيلَ فَوَلَدَتْهُ حَوَّاءُ فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ السَّابِعِ سَمَّاهُ آدَمُ ع شَيْثاً
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By the chain from Al Sadouq, from Ibn Al Mutawakkal, from Al Himeyri, from Ibn Isa, from Ibn Mahboub, from Hisham Bin Salim, from Habeeb Al Sijistany,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘When Adam-as learnt of the murder of Habeel-as, there was alarm upon him-as, a severe alarm, and he-as complained of that to Allah-azwj the Exalted. Allah-azwj the Exalted Revealed to him-as: “I-azwj shall Grant to you-as a male who will become a replacement from Habeel-as”. Hawwa-as gave birth to him, and when it was the seventh day, Adam-as named him-as as ‘Shees’.
فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَيْهِ يَا آدَمُ إِنَّمَا هَذَا الْغُلَامُ هِبَةٌ مِنِّي إِلَيْكَ فَسَمِّهِ هِبَةَ اللَّهِ فَسَمَّاهُ آدَمُ بِهِ فَلَمَّا جَاءَ وَقْتُ وَفَاةِ آدَمَ ع أَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَيْهِ أَنِّي مُتَوَفِّيكَ فَأَوْصِ إِلَى خَيْرِ وُلْدِكَ وَ هُوَ هِبَتِيَ الَّذِي وَهَبْتُهُ لَكَ فَأَوْصِ إِلَيْهِ وَ سَلِّمْ إِلَيْهِ مَا عَلَّمْتُكَ مِنَ الْأَسْمَاءِ فَإِنِّي أُحِبُّ أَنْ لَا يَخْلُوَ الْأَرْضُ مِنْ عَالِمٍ يَعْلَمُ عِلْمِي وَ يَقْضِي بِحُكْمِي أَجْعَلُهُ حُجَّةً لِي عَلَى خَلْقِي
Then Allah-azwj the Exalted Revealed to him-as: “O Adam-as! This boy is a Gift (Hibt) from Me-azwj to you-as, therefore name him-as as ‘Hibtullah’”. So, Adam-as named him-as with it. When the time of the expiry of Adam-as came, Allah-azwj the Exalted Revealed to him: “I-azwj shall be Causing you-as to die, therefore bequest to the best of your-as sons and he-as is My-azwj Gift which I-azwj had Gifted to you-as. Bequest to him-as and submit to him-as what I-azwj Taught you-as of the names, for I-azwj Love not to keep the earth empty from a knowledgeable one who knows My-azwj Knowledge and judges by My-azwj Judgments. I-azwj shall Make him-as a Divine Authority for Me-azwj upon My-azwj creatures”.
فَجَمَعَ آدَمُ ع وُلْدَهُ جَمِيعاً مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَ النِّسَاءِ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمْ يَا وُلْدِي إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَوْحَى إِلَيَّ أَنِّي مُتَوَفِّيكَ وَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُوصِيَ إِلَى خَيْرِ وُلْدِي وَ إِنَّهُ هِبَةُ اللَّهِ وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ اخْتَارَهُ لِي وَ لَكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِي فَاسْمَعُوا لَهُ وَ أَطِيعُوا أَمْرَهُ فَإِنَّهُ وَصِيِّي وَ خَلِيفَتِي عَلَيْكُمْ
Adam-as gathered all his-as children, from the men and the women, then said to them: ‘O my-as children! Allah-azwj the Exalted has Revealed to me-as that I-as am about to pass away, and Commanded me-as that I-as bequeath to the best of my-as children, and he-as is Hibtullah-as, and that Allah-azwj Chose him-as for me-as and for you all after me-as. Therefore, listen to him-as, and obey his-as orders for he-as is my-as successor-as and my-as Caliph upon you all’.
فَقَالُوا جَمِيعاً نَسْمَعُ لَهُ وَ نُطِيعُ أَمْرَهُ وَ لَا نُخَالِفُهُ
They all said, ‘We will listen to him-as and obey his-as orders and will not oppose him-as.
قَالَ وَ أَمَرَ آدَمُ ع بِتَابُوتٍ ثُمَّ جَعَلَ فِيهِ عِلْمَهُ وَ الْأَسْمَاءَ وَ الْوَصِيَّةَ ثُمَّ دَفَعَهُ إِلَى هِبَةِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ انْظُرْ إِذَا أَنَا مِتُّ يَا هِبَةَ اللَّهِ فَاغْسِلْنِي وَ كَفِّنِّي وَ صَلِّ عَلَيَّ وَ أَدْخِلْنِي حُفْرَتِي وَ إِذَا حَضَرَتْ وَفَاتُكَ وَ أَحْسَسْتَ بِذَلِكَ مِنْ نَفْسِكَ فَالْتَمِسْ خَيْرَ وُلْدِكَ وَ أَكْثَرَهُمْ لَكَ صُحْبَةً وَ أَفْضَلَهُمْ فَأَوْصِ إِلَيْهِ بِمَا أَوْصَيْتُ بِهِ إِلَيْكَ وَ لَا تَدَعِ الْأَرْضَ بِغَيْرِ عَالِمٍ مِنَّا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ
He-asws said: ‘And Adam-as ordered for a box, then made to be in it, his-as knowledge, and the names, and the bequest, then handed it over to Hibtullah-as and said to him-as: ‘When I-as pass away, O Hibtullah-as, then wash me-as and enshroud me-as and pray Salat upon me-as and enter me-as into my-as grave, and when your-as expiry presents to you-as and you-as sense that from yourself-as, then seek the best of your-as children and the most frequent of them in accompaniment, and their superior, bequeath to him with what I-as am bequeathing to you-as with, and do not leave the earth without a knowledgeable one from us-as, the People of the Household.
يَا بُنَيَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَهْبَطَنِي إِلَى الْأَرْضِ وَ جَعَلَنِي خَلِيفَةً فِيهَا وَ حُجَّةً لَهُ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ وَ جَعَلْتُكَ حُجَّةَ اللَّهِ فِي أَرْضِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِي فَلَا تَخْرُجَنَّ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا حَتَّى تَجْعَلَ لِلَّهِ حُجَّةً عَلَى خَلْقِهِ وَ وَصِيّاً مِنْ بَعْدِكَ وَ سَلِّمْ إِلَيْهِ التَّابُوتَ وَ مَا فِيهِ كَمَا سَلَّمْتُ إِلَيْكَ وَ أَعْلِمْهُ أَنَّهُ سَيَكُونُ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِي رَجُلٌ نَبِيٌّ اسْمُهُ نُوحٌ يَكُونُ فِي نُبُوَّتِهِ الطُّوفَانُ وَ الْغَرَقُ
O my-as son-as! Allah-azwj the Exalted Sent me-as down to the earth and made me-as a Caliph in it and a Divine Authority of His-azwj upon His-azwj creatures, and Made you-as a Divine Authority of Allah-azwj in His-azwj earth from after me-as, therefore do not exit from the world until you-as make a Divine Authority for Allah-azwj upon His-azwj creatures and a successor-as from after you-as, and submit to him-as the box and whatever was in it just as it has been submitted to you-as and let him know that a man would be coming from my-as offspring, his name is Noah-as. The flood and the drowning will occur during his-as Prophet-hood.
فَأَوْصِ وَصِيَّكَ أَنْ يَحْتَفِظَ بِالتَّابُوتِ وَ بِمَا فِيهِ فَإِذَا حَضَرَتْهُ وَفَاتُهُ فَمُرْهُ أَنْ يُوصِيَ إِلَى خَيْرِ وُلْدِهِ وَ لْيَضَعْ كُلُّ وَصِيٍّ وَصِيَّتَهُ فِي التَّابُوتِ وَ لْيُوصِ بِذَلِكَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ
Bequeath to your-as successor that he preserves the box and whatever is in it, and when his death presents to him, he should bequeath to the best of his sons-as and let every successor-as place his-as bequest in the box and let them bequeath that to each other.
فَمَنْ أَدْرَكَ مِنْهُمْ نُبُوَّةَ نُوحٍ فَلْيَرْكَبْ مَعَهُ وَ لْيَحْمِلِ التَّابُوتَ وَ مَا فِيهِ إِلَى فُلْكِهِ وَ لَا يَتَخَلَّفْ عَنْهُ وَاحِدٌ وَ احْذَرْ يَا هِبَةَ اللَّهِ وَ أَنْتُمْ يَا وُلْدِيَ الْمَلْعُونَ قَابِيلَ
The one from you who comes across the Prophet-hood of Noah-as, then let him sail with him-as, and let him carry the box and whatever is in it to his-as ship, and not leave it behind it to anyone, and be cautious, O Hibtullah, and you all my-as children, of the Accursed Qabeel-la’.
فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَهُ اللَّهُ أَنَّهُ مُتَوَفِّيهِ تَهَيَّأَ آدَمُ ع لِلْمَوْتِ وَ أَذْعَنَ بِهِ فَهَبَطَ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ فَقَالَ آدَمُ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنِّي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَ خَلِيفَتُهُ فِي أَرْضِهِ
When it was the day which Allah-azwj had Informed him-as that he-as would be passing away in, Adam-as prepared for the death, and he-as acquiesced with it. The Angel of death descended and Adam-as said: ‘I-as testify that there is no god except Allah-azwj Alone, there being no associates for Him-azwj, and I-as testify that I-as am a servant of Allah-azwj, and His-azwj Caliph in His-azwj earth.
ابْتَدَأَنِي بِإِحْسَانِهِ وَ أَسْجَدَ لِي مَلَائِكَتَهُ وَ عَلَّمَنِي الْأَسْمَاءَ كُلَّهَا ثُمَّ أَسْكَنَنِي جَنَّتَهُ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ جَعَلَهَا لِي دَارَ قَرَارٍ وَ لَا مَنْزِلَ اسْتِيطَانٍ وَ إِنَّمَا خَلَقَنِي لِأَسْكُنَ الْأَرْضَ لِلَّذِي أَرَادَ مِنَ التَّقْدِيرِ وَ التَّدْبِيرِ
He-azwj Began me-as by His-azwj Favour, and His-azwj Angels did Sajdah to me-as, and Taught me-as the names, all of them, then Settled me-as in His-azwj Garden, and did not Make it for me-as a house of tranquillity nor a house of settlement. But rather He-azwj Created me-as to settle in the earth which He-azwj had Wanted from the Pre-determination and the Management’.
وَ قَدْ كَانَ نَزَلَ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع بِكَفَنِ آدَمَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ وَ الْحَنُوطِ وَ الْمِسْحَاةِ مَعَهُ
And Jibraeel-as had descended with the shroud of Adam-as from the Paradise, and the embalmment and the shovel were with him-as’.
قَالَ وَ نَزَلَ مَعَ جَبْرَئِيلَ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ لِيَحْضُرُوا جِنَازَةَ آدَمَ فَغَسَّلَهُ هِبَةُ اللَّهِ وَ جَبْرَئِيلُ وَ كَفَّنَهُ وَ حَنَّطَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ جَبْرَئِيلُ لِهِبَةِ اللَّهِ تَقَدَّمْ فَصَلِّ عَلَى أَبِيكَ وَ كَبِّرْ عَلَيْهِ خَمْساً وَ سَبْعِينَ تَكْبِيرَةً فَحَفَرَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ثُمَّ أَدْخَلُوهُ حُفْرَتَهُ
He-asws said: ‘And seventy thousand Angels descended along with Jibraeel-as to attend the funeral of Adam-as. Hibtullah-as and Jibraeel-as washed him-as, and enshrouded him-as, and embalmed him-as, then Jibraeel-as said to Hibtullah-as: ‘Proceed and pray Salat upon your-as father-as, and exclaim seventy-five Takbeers upon him’. Then the Angels dug a grave, then entered him-as into his-as grave.
فَقَامَ هِبَةُ اللَّهِ فِي وُلْدِ أَبِيهِ بِطَاعَةِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ وَفَاتُهُ أَوْصَى إِلَى ابْنِهِ قَيْنَانَ وَ سَلَّمَ إِلَيْهِ التَّابُوتَ فَقَامَ قَيْنَانُ فِي إِخْوَتِهِ وَ وُلْدِ أَبِيهِ بِطَاعَةِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَ تَقَدَّسَ
Hibtullah-as stood among the children of his-as father-as in obedience to Allah-azwj the Exalted. When his-as expiry presented to him-as, he-as bequeathed to his-as son-as Canaan, and submitted the box to him-as. Canaan-as stood among his-as brethren and the children of his-as father-as in obedience to Allah-azwj the Exalted and Holy.
فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ أَوْصَى إِلَى ابْنِهِ- يَرْدَ وَ سَلَّمَ إِلَيْهِ التَّابُوتَ وَ جَمِيعَ مَا فِيهِ وَ تَقَدَّمَ إِلَيْهِ فِي نُبُوَّةِ نُوحٍ ع فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْ وَفَاةُ يَرْدَ أَوْصَى إِلَى ابْنِهِ أَخْنُوخَ وَ هُوَ إِدْرِيسُ وَ سَلَّمَ إِلَيْهِ التَّابُوتَ وَ جَمِيعَ مَا فِيهِ وَ الْوَصِيَّةَ
When the expiry presented to him-as, he-as bequeathed to his-as son-as Yard-as, and submitted the box to him-as along with the entirety of what was in it, and proceeded to him-as (news) regarding the Prophet-hood of Noah-as. When the expiry presented to Yard-as, he-as bequeathed to his-as son-as Akhnoukh-as, and he-as is Idrees-as, and submitted the box to him-as along with the entirety of what was in it, and the bequest.
فَقَامَ أَخْنُوخُ بِهِ فَلَمَّا قَرُبَ أَجَلُهُ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَيْهِ أَنِّي رَافِعُكَ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَأَوْصِ إِلَى ابْنِكَ خَرْقَاسِيلَ فَفَعَلَ فَقَامَ خَرْقَاسِيلُ بِوَصِيَّةِ أَخْنُوخَ فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ أَوْصَى إِلَى ابْنِهِ نُوحٍ ع وَ سَلَّمَ إِلَيْهِ التَّابُوتَ
Akhnoukh-as stood with it. When his-as term approached, Allah-azwj Revealed to him-as: “I-azwj will Raise you-as to the sky, so bequeath to your-as son-as Kharqaseel-as”. He-as did so. Kharqaseel stood with the bequest of Akhnoukh. When the expiry presented to him-as, he-as bequeathed to his-as son Noah-as and submitted the box to him-as.
فَلَمْ يَزَلِ التَّابُوتُ عِنْدَ نُوحٍ حَتَّى حَمَلَهُ مَعَهُ فِي سَفِينَتِهِ فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ أَوْصَى إِلَى ابْنِهِ سَامٍ وَ سَلَّمَ إِلَيْهِ التَّابُوتَ وَ جَمِيعَ مَا فِيهِ
The box did not cease to be with Noah-as until he-as carried it with him-as in his-as ship. When the expiry presented to him-as, he-as bequeathed to his-as son-as Saam-as-as, and submitted the box to him-as and the entirety of what was in it.[148]
15- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الصَّدُوقِ عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ عُمَرَ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ فُضَيْلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: أَرْسَلَ آدَمُ ابْنَهُ إِلَى جَبْرَئِيلَ ع فَقَالَ قُلْ لَهُ يَقُولُ لَكَ أَبِي أَطْعِمْنِي مِنْ زَيْتِ الزَّيْتُونِ الَّتِي فِي مَوْضِعِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By the chain from Al Sadouq, from Ibn Al Waleed, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Isa, from Al Hassan Bin Ali, from Umar, from Aban Bin Usman, from Fazeyl Bin Yasaar,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Adam-as sent his-as son-as to Jibraeel-as and said: ‘Say to him-as: ‘My-as father-as is saying to you-as to feed me-as from an olive from the olives which are in such and such a place from the Paradise’.
فَلَقَّاهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ فَقَالَ لَهُ ارْجِعْ إِلَى أَبِيكَ فَقَدْ قُبِضَ وَ أُمِرْنَا بِإِجْهَازِهِ وَ الصَّلَاةِ عَلَيْهِ
Jibraeel-as met him-as and said to him-as: ‘Return to your-as father-as for he-as has passed away, and we have been Commanded with his-as funeral preparations and the Salat upon him-as’.
قَالَ فَلَمَّا جَهَّزُوهُ قَالَ جَبْرَئِيلُ تَقَدَّمْ يَا هِبَةَ اللَّهِ فَصَلِّ عَلَى أَبِيكَ فَتَقَدَّمَ وَ كَبَّرَ عَلَيْهِ خَمْساً وَ سَبْعِينَ تَكْبِيرَةً سَبْعِينَ تَفْضِيلًا لِآدَمَ ع وَ خَمْساً لِلسُّنَّةِ
He-asws said: ‘When they had prepared him-as, Jibraeel-as said: ‘Proceed, O Hibtullah-as and pray Salat upon your-as father-as. Proceed and exclaim seventy-five Takbeers upon him-asws, seventy as a merit for Adam-as and five for the Sunnah’.
قَالَ وَ آدَمُ ع لَمْ يَزَلْ يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ بِمَكَّةَ حَتَّى إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَقْبِضَهُ بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ الْمَلَائِكَةَ مَعَهُمْ سَرِيرٌ وَ حَنُوطٌ وَ كَفَنٌ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ فَلَمَّا رَأَتْ حَوَّاءُ ع الْمَلَائِكَةَ ذَهَبَتْ لِتَدْخُلَ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَهُمْ
He-asws said: ‘And Adam-as did not cease to worship Allah-azwj at Makkah until when He-azwj Wanted to Cause him-as to expire, Sent Angels to him-as having a pyre with them and scents for embalming, and a shroud from Paradise. When Hawwa-as saw the Angels, she-as went to intervene between him-as and them.
فَقَالَ لَهَا آدَمُ خَلِّي بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَ رُسُلِ رَبِّي فَقُبِضَ فَغَسَّلُوهُ بِالسِّدْرِ وَ الْمَاءِ ثُمَّ لَحَدُوا قَبْرَهُ
Adam-as said to her: ‘Leave in between my-as and the messengers of my-as Lord-azwj!’ He-as expired, and they washed him-as with the lote, and the water, then laid him-as in his-as grave.
وَ قَالَ هَذَا سُنَّةُ وُلْدِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ فَكَانَ عُمُرُهُ مُنْذُ خَلَقَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَى أَنْ قَبَضَهُ تِسْعَمِائَةٍ وَ سِتّاً وَ ثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً وَ دُفِنَ بِمَكَّةَ وَ كَانَ بَيْنَ آدَمَ وَ نُوحٍ ع أَلْفٌ وَ خَمْسُمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ
And he-asws said: ‘This is a Sunnah of his-as children from after him-as. His-as age since Allah-azwj Created him-as until he-as expired was nine hundred and thirty-six years, and was buried at Makkah, and between Adam-as and Noah-as were a thousand and five hundred years.[149]
16- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الصَّدُوقِ عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي الدَّيْلَمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: قُبِضَ آدَمُ ع وَ كُبِّرَ عَلَيْهِ ثَلَاثِينَ تَكْبِيرَةً فَرُفِعَ خَمْسٌ وَ عِشْرُونَ بَقِيَ السُّنَّةُ عَلَيْنَا خَمْساً وَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ يُكَبِّرُ عَلَى أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ سَبْعاً وَ تِسْعاً
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By the chain from Al Sadouq, from Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Ibn Abu Al Khatab, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Ismail Bin Jabir, from Abdul Hameed Bin Abu Al Daylam,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Adam-as expired and thirty Takbeers were exclaimed upon him-as, and twenty-five were raised. The Sunnah remained upon us of five, and Rasool-Allah-saww had exclaimed upon the people of (battle of) Bad, seven, and five.[150]
17- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ إِلَى الصَّدُوقِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ إِلَى وَهْبٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا حَضَرَ آدَمَ الْوَفَاةُ أَوْصَى إِلَى شَيْثٍ وَ حَفَرَ لآِدَمَ فِي غَارٍ فِي أَبِي قَيْسٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ غَارُ الْكَنْزِ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ آدَمُ ع فِي ذَلِكَ الْغَارِ حَتَّى كَانَ زَمَنُ الْغَرَقِ اسْتَخْرَجَهُ نُوحٌ ع فِي تَابُوتٍ وَ جَعَلَهُ مَعَهُ فِي السَّفِينَةِ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By the chain to Al Sadouq by his chain to Wahab (Yemeni scholar expert in Judeo Christian literature) who said, ‘When the expiry presented to Adam-as, he-as bequeathed to Shees-as, and he-as dug ug a grave for Adam-as in a cave in (mount) Abu Qubeys call ‘Al-Kanz’ cave. Adam-as did not cease to be in that cave until it was the era of the flood, Noah-as extracted him-as in a coffin and made him-as to be with him-as in the ship’. (P.S. – This is not a Hadeeth)[151]
18- مل، كامل الزيارات مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ أَبِي عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ وَ حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدٌ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَوْحَى إِلَى نُوحٍ ع وَ هُوَ فِي السَّفِينَةِ أَنْ يَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ أُسْبُوعاً فَطَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ أُسْبُوعاً كَمَا أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ
‘Kamil Al Ziyaraat’ – Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from Abu Ali Al Ashary, from the one who mentioned it, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, and it was narrated to me by Muhammad Al Humeyri, from his father, from Ibn Abu Al Khatab, from Muhammad Bin sinan, from Al Mufazzal,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Revealed to Noah-as while he-as was in the ship that he-as should perform Tawaaf of the House of seven circuits. He-as did the Tawaaf of the House with seven circuits just as Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted had Revealed to him-as’.
ثُمَّ نَزَلَ فِي الْمَاءِ إِلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ فَاسْتَخْرَجَ تَابُوتاً فِيهِ عِظَامُ آدَمَ ع فَحَمَلَ التَّابُوتَ فِي جَوْفِ السَّفِينَةِ حَتَّى طَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَطُوفَ
Then he-as descended in the water to his-as knees and brought out a box wherein were bones of Adam-as, and carried the box in the inside of the ship until it had circled the House for as long as Allah-azwj Desired to circle.
ثُمَّ وَرَدَ إِلَى بَابِ الْكُوفَةِ فِي وَسَطِ مَسْجِدِهَا فَفِيهَا قَالَ اللَّهُ لِلْأَرْضِ ابْلَعِي ماءَكِ فَبَلَعَتْ مَاءَهَا مِنْ مَسْجِدِ الْكُوفَةِ كَمَا بَدَأَ الْمَاءُ مِنْ مَسْجِدِهَا وَ تَفَرَّقَ الْجَمْعُ الَّذِي كَانَ مَعَ نُوحٍ فِي السَّفِينَةِ فَأَخَذَ نُوحٌ التَّابُوتَ فَدَفَنَهُ فِي الْغَرِيِ
Then it arrived at the door of Al-Kufa in the middle of its Masjid, and therein Allah-azwj Said to the earth: “Swallow your water!” It swallowed its water from Masjid Al-Kufa just as the water had begun from its Masjid, and the entirety of the ones who were with Noah-as in the ship dispersed. Noah-as took the box and buried it in Al-Ghary.[152]
19- مل، كامل الزيارات أَبِي عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى مَعاً عَنِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ التَّمِيمِيِّ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص عَاشَ آدَمُ أَبُو الْبَشَرِ تِسْعَمِائَةٍ وَ ثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً
‘Kamil Al Ziyaraat’ – My father, from Ahmad Bin Idrees, and Muhammad Bin Yahya both together, from Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Yusuf Al Tameemy,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘The Prophet-saww said: ‘Adam-as, father-as of the humans lived for nine hundred and thirty years.[153]
Notes –
اعلم أن الناس اختلفوا في عمر آدم ع فَرَوَى الْعَامَّةُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ كُتِبَ لَهُ أَلْفُ سَنَةٍ فَوَهَبَ سِتِّينَ لِدَاوُدَ ع ثُمَّ رَجَعَ
Know that the people are differing regarding the age of Adam. The general Muslims have reported from Abu Hureyra (well-known fabricator), from the Prophet, may the Salawaat of Allah be upon him and his Progeny, a thousand years had been Decreed for him, but he figted sixty (years) to Dawood, then returned.
و رووا عن ابن عباس أنه وهب من الألف أربعين فجحد فأكمل الله لآدم ألف سنة و لداود ع مائة سنة و رووا مثل ذلك عن جماعة منهم سعيد بن جبير و رووا أنه قال ابن عباس كان عمره تسعمائة و ستا و ثلاثين سنة
And it is reported from Ibn Abbas, he-as had gifted forty from the thousand (years). He-as rejected, so Allah-azwj Completed a thousand years for Adam-as and one hundred years for Dawood-as, and they are reporting similar to that from a group, from them being Saeed Bin Jubeys, and they are reported that Ibn Abbas said, ‘His-as age was nine hundred and thirty-six years’.
و قال محمد بن خالد البرقي رحمه الله إن عمر آدم ع كان تسع مائة و ستا و ثلاثين سنة ذكر ذلك في كتاب البداء عن الصادق ع
And Muhammad Bin Khalid Al Barqy, may Allah-azwj Mercy him-as, said, ‘The age of Adam-as was nine hundred and thirty-six years’. That is mentioned in ‘Kitab Al Bad’a’ from Al Sadiq-asws.
CHAPTER 9 – STORY OF IDREES-as
الآيات مريم وَ اذْكُرْ فِي الْكِتابِ إِدْرِيسَ إِنَّهُ كانَ صِدِّيقاً نَبِيًّا وَ رَفَعْناهُ مَكاناً عَلِيًّا
The Verses – (Surah) Maryam-as: And mention Idrees in the Book. He was truthful, a Prophet [19:56] And We Elevated him to a high place [19:57]
الأنبياء وَ إِسْماعِيلَ وَ إِدْرِيسَ وَ ذَا الْكِفْلِ كُلٌّ مِنَ الصَّابِرِينَ
(Surah) Al-Anbiya: And Ismail, and Idrees and Zalkifl; all were from the patient ones [21:85]
وَ أَدْخَلْناهُمْ فِي رَحْمَتِنا إِنَّهُمْ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ
And We Included them into Our Mercy. They were from the righteous ones [21:86]
1- ع، علل الشرائع بِالْإِسْنَادِ إِلَى وَهْبٍ أَنَّ إِدْرِيسَ ع كَانَ رَجُلًا ضَخْمَ الْبَطْنِ عَرِيضَ الصَّدْرِ قَلِيلًا شَعْرُ الْجَسَدِ كَثِيراً شَعْرُ الرَّأْسِ وَ كَانَتْ إِحْدَى أُذُنَيْهِ أَعْظَمَ مِنَ الْأُخْرَى وَ كَانَ دَقِيقَ الصَّدْرِ دَقِيقَ الْمَنْطِقِ قَرِيبَ الْخِطَاءِ إِذَا مَشَى
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – By the chain to Wahab (Yemeni scholar expert in Judeo Christian literature), ‘Idrees-as was a man of a large belly and a broad chest. He-as had little body hair but abundant hair on his-as head. One of his-as ears was larger than the other. He-as had a thin voice, spoke sparingly, and was prone to taking short steps when he-as walked.
وَ إِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ إِدْرِيسَ لِكَثْرَةِ مَا كَانَ يَدْرُسُ مِنْ حُكْمِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ سُنَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ هُوَ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِ قَوْمِهِ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ فَكَّرَ فِي عَظَمَةِ اللَّهِ وَ جَلَالِهِ
And rather he-as was named as ‘Idrees’ due to the frequency of what he had learnt from the Rulings of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic and practices of Al Islam while he-as was in the midst of his-as people. Then he-as pondered regarding the Magnificence of Allah-azwj and His-azwj Majesty.
فَقَالَ إِنَّ لِهَذِهِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ لِهَذِهِ الْأَرَضِينَ وَ لِهَذَا الْخَلْقِ الْعَظِيمِ وَ الشَّمْسِ وَ الْقَمَرِ وَ النُّجُومِ وَ السَّحَابِ وَ الْمَطَرِ وَ هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءِ الَّتِي تَكُونُ لَرَبّاً يُدَبِّرُهَا وَ يُصْلِحُهَا بِقُدْرَتِهِ فَكَيْفَ لِي بِهَذَا الرَّبِّ فَأَعْبُدَهُ حَقَّ عِبَادَتِهِ
He-as said: ‘For these skies and these earths, and for this mighty creation, and the sun and the moon, and the stars and the clouds and the rain, and these thing which exist, there is a Lord-azwj Managing it and Rectifying it by His-azwj Power. How can there be (knowledge) for me-as of this Lord-azwj until I-as worship Him-azwj as is the right of worshipping Him-azwj?’
فَجَلَا بِطَائِفَةٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ فَجَعَلَ يَعِظُهُمْ وَ يُذَكِّرُهُمْ وَ يُخَوِّفُهُمْ وَ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى عِبَادَةِ خَالِقِ هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءِ فَلَا يَزَالُ يُجِيبُهُ وَاحِدٌ بَعْدَ وَاحِدٍ حَتَّى صَارُوا سَبْعَةً ثُمَّ سَبْعِينَ إِلَى أَنْ صَارُوا سَبْعَمِائَةٍ ثُمَّ بَلَغُوا أَلْفاً
He-as departed with a group of his-as people and went on to revere them, and reminding them, and frightening them, and calling them to the worship of the Creator of these things. One after one did not cease to respond to him-as until they because seven, then seventy until they became seven hundred. Then they reached a thousand.
فَلَمَّا بَلَغُوا أَلْفاً قَالَ لَهُمْ تَعَالَوْا نَخْتَرْ مِنْ خِيَارِنَا مِائَةَ رَجُلٍ فَاخْتَارُوا مِنْ خِيَارِهِمْ مِائَةَ رَجُلٍ وَ اخْتَارُوا مِنَ الْمِائَةِ سَبْعِينَ رَجُلًا ثُمَّ اخْتَارُوا مِنَ السَّبْعِينَ عَشْرَةً ثُمَّ اخْتَارُوا مِنَ الْعَشْرَةِ سَبْعَةً
When they reached a thousand, he-as said to them: ‘Come, choose a hundred men from our best ones!’ They chose a hundred men from their best ones, and chose seventy men from the hundred. They they chose ten from the seventy, then chose seven from the ten.
ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمْ تَعَالَوْا فَلْيَدْعُ هَؤُلَاءِ السَّبْعَةُ وَ لْيُؤَمِّنْ بَقِيَّتُنَا فَلَعَلَّ هَذَا الرَّبَّ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ يَدُلُّنَا عَلَى عِبَادَتِهِ
Then he-as said to them: ‘Come, let these seven supplicated and let the rest of us say ‘Ameen’, perhaps this Lord-azwj, Majestic is His Majesty will Point us to worship Him-azwj!’
فَوَضَعُوا أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ وَ دَعَوْا طَوِيلًا فَلَمْ يَتَبَيَّنْ لَهُمْ شَيْءٌ ثُمَّ رَفَعُوا أَيْدِيَهُمْ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَى إِدْرِيسَ ع وَ نَبَّأَهُ وَ دَلَّهُ عَلَى عِبَادَتِهِ وَ مَنْ آمَنَ مَعَهُ
They placed their hands upon the ground and supplicated for a long time, but nothing appeared to them. Then they raise their hands towards the sky, so Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed to Idrees-as and Made him a Prophet-as and Pointed him-as, and the ones with him-as upon worshipping Him-azwj.
فَلَمْ يَزَالُوا يَعْبُدُونَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَا يُشْرِكُونَ بِهِ شَيْئاً حَتَّى رَفَعَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِدْرِيسَ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَ انْقَرَضَ مَنْ تَابَعَهُ عَلَى دِينِهِ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمُ اخْتَلَفُوا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ وَ أَحْدَثُوا الْأَحْدَاثَ وَ أَبْدَعُوا الْبِدَعَ حَتَّى كَانَ زَمَانُ نُوحٍ ع
They did not cease worshipping Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, not associating anything with Him-azwj, until Allah-azwj Raised Idrees to the sky, and the ones who had followed him-as upon his-as religion gradually passed away, except a few. Then they differed after that and introduced new practices and innovated innovations until it was the era of Noah-as’. (Judeo Christian literature)[154]
2- ك، إكمال الدين أَبِي وَ ابْنُ الْوَلِيدِ وَ ابْنُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ جَمِيعاً عَنْ سَعْدٍ وَ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ وَ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى وَ ابْنِ هَاشِمٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي الْبِلَادِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْبَاقِرِ ع قَالَ: كَانَ بَدْءُ نُبُوَّةِ إِدْرِيسَ ع أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي زَمَانِهِ مَلِكٌ جَبَّارٌ وَ أَنَّهُ رَكِبَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ فِي بَعْضِ نُزَهِهِ فَمَرَّ بِأَرْضٍ خَضِرَةٍ نَضِرَةٍ لِعَبْدٍ مُؤْمِنٍ مِنَ الرَّافِضَةِ فَأَعْجَبَتْهُ فَسَأَلَ وُزَرَاءَهُ لِمَنْ هَذِهِ الْأَرْضُ قَالُوا لِعَبْدٍ مِنْ عَبِيْدِ الْمَلِكِ فُلَانٍ الرَّافِضِيِّ
‘Ikmal Al Deen’ – My father, and Ibn Al Waleed, and Ibn Al Muwakkal altogether, from Sa’ad and Al Humeyri, and Muhammad Al Attar, from Ibn Isa, and Ibn Hashim altogether, from Ibn Mahboub, from Ibrahim Bin Abu Al Balad, from his father,
‘From Abu Ja’far Muhammad-asws Bin Ali Al-Baqir-asws having said: ‘The beginning of the Prophet-hood of Idrees-as, in his-as era there was a tyrannous king, and he had gone out one day in one of his trips. He passed by a green land to a Momin servant from the Rafizis (Rejecters), and it fascinated him. He asked his ministers, ‘Who is this land for? They said, ‘To a servant from servants of the king, so and so Rafizi’.
فَدَعَا بِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَمْتِعْنِي بِأَرْضِكَ هَذِهِ- فَقَالَ لَهُ عِيَالِي أَحْوَجُ إِلَيْهَا مِنْكَ قَالَ فَسُمْنِي بِهَا أُثْمِنْ لَكَ قَالَ لَا أُمْتِعُكَ وَ لَا أَسُومُكَ دَعْ عَنْكَ ذِكْرَهَا فَغَضِبَ الْمَلِكُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ وَ أَسِفَ وَ انْصَرَفَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ وَ هُوَ مَغْمُومٌ مُفَكِّرٌ فِي أَمْرِهِ وَ كَانَتْ لَهُ امْرَأَةٌ مِنَ الْأَزَارِقَةِ وَ كَانَ بِهَا مُعْجَباً يُشَاوِرُهَا فِي الْأَمْرِ إِذَا نَزَلَ بِهِ
He called for him and said to him, ‘Let me enjoy this land of yours’. He said to him, ‘My dependants are needier to it than you are’. He said, ‘Specify to me its price for you’. He said, ‘Neither will I let you enjoy it nor specify for you, leave its mention from you’. The king was angered at that and excused and left to go to his people, and he was gloomy, thoughtful regarding his matter; and there was a wife for him from the Al-Azraqa (tribe), and there were revering her, consulting her in the affairs when they descended with him-as.
فَلَمَّا اسْتَقَرَّ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ بَعَثَ إِلَيْهَا لِيُشَاوِرَهَا فِي أَمْرِ صَاحِبِ الْأَرْضِ فَخَرَجَتْ إِلَيْهِ فَرَأَتْ فِي وَجْهِهِ الْغَضَبَ فَقَالَتْ لَهُ أَيُّهَا الْمَلِكُ مَا الَّذِي دَهَاكَ- حَتَّى بَدَا الْغَضَبُ فِي وَجْهِكَ قَبْلَ فِعْلِكَ- فَأَخْبَرَهَا بِخَبَرِ الْأَرْضِ وَ مَا كَانَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ لِصَاحِبِهَا وَ مِنْ قَوْلِ صَاحِبِهَا لَهُ
When he sat in his gathering, he sent for her to consult her in the matter of the owner of the land. She came out to him and saw the anger in his face. She said to him, ‘O you king! What is that which has disturbed you until the anger appeared in your face before your deed?’ He informed her of the news of the land and what was from his words to its owner, and from the words of its owner to him.
فَقَالَتْ أَيُّهَا الْمَلِكُ إِنَّمَا يَغْتَمُّ وَ يَأْسَفُ مَنْ لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى التَّغْيِيرِ وَ الِانْتِقَامِ وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ تَكْرَهُ أَنْ تَقْتُلَهُ بِغَيْرِ حُجَّةٍ فَأَنَا أَكْفِيكَ أَمْرَهُ وَ أُصَيِّرُ أَرْضَهُ بِيَدِكَ بِحُجَّةٍ لَكَ فِيهَا الْعُذْرُ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ مَمْلَكَتِكَ قَالَ وَ مَا هِيَ قَالَتْ أَبْعَثُ إِلَيْهِ أَقْوَاماً مِنْ أَصْحَابِي أَزَارِقَةَ حَتَّى يَأْتُوكَ بِهِ فَيَشْهَدُوا عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَكَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ بَرِئَ مِنْ دِينِكَ فَيَجُوزُ لَكَ قَتْلُهُ وَ أَخْذُ أَرْضِهِ قَالَ فَافْعَلِي ذَلِكِ
She said, ‘O you king! He becomes gloomy and excuses, the one who has no ability upon the change and the revenge, and that you disliked to kill him without a proof. Surely, it would suffice you of his matter that his land would come to be in your hands with an argument for you with regards to it, as the excuse in the presence of the people of your kingdom’. He said, ‘And what is it?’ She said, ‘Send a people to him from the companions of Azraqa until they come to you with it, so they will testify upon it in your presence that he has disavowed from your religion, and it is allowed for you to kill him and seize his land’. He said, ‘Then let them do that’.
قَالَ فَكَانَ لَهَا أَصْحَابٌ مِنَ الْأَزَارِقَةِ عَلَى دِينِهَا يَرَوْنَ قَتْلَ الرَّافِضَةِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَبَعَثَتْ إِلَى قَوْمٍ مِنْهُمْ فَأَتَوْهُمْ فَأَمَرَتْهُمْ أَنْ يَشْهَدُوا عَلَى فُلَانٍ الرَّافِضِيِّ عِنْدَ الْمَلِكِ أَنَّهُ قَدْ بَرِئَ مِنْ دِينِ الْمَلِكِ فَشَهِدُوا عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ قَدْ بَرِئَ مِنْ دِينِ الْمَلِكِ فَقَتَلَهُ وَ اسْتَخْلَصَ أَرْضَهُ
He-asws said: ‘There were companions for her from the Al-Azraqa being upon her religion viewing the killing of the rejecter from the Momineen. She sent a message to a group of them, and they came, and she instructed them that they should testify against so and so rejecter in the presence of the king that he has disavowed from the religion of the king’. So, they testified upon it that he had disavowed from the religion of the king, and he killed him and obtained his land.
فَغَضِبَ اللَّهُ لِلْمُؤْمِنِ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى إِدْرِيسَ ع أَنِ ائْتِ عَبْدِي هَذَا الْجَبَّارَ فَقُلْ لَهُ أَ مَا رَضِيتَ أَنْ قَتَلْتَ عَبْدِيَ الْمُؤْمِنَ ظُلْماً حَتَّى اسْتَخْلَصْتَ أَرْضَهُ خَالِصَةً لَكَ فَأَحْوَجْتَ عِيَالَهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَ أَجَعْتَهُمْ أَمَا وَ عِزَّتِي لَأَنْتَقِمَنَّ لَهُ مِنْكَ فِي الْآجِلِ وَ لَأَسْلُبَنَّكَ مُلْكَكَ فِي الْعَاجِلِ وَ لَأُخَرِّبَنَّ مَدِينَتَكَ وَ لَأُذِلَّنَّ عِزَّكَ وَ لَأُطْعِمَنَّ الْكِلَابَ لَحْمَ امْرَأَتِكَ فَقَدْ غَرَّكَ يَا مُبْتَلَى حِلْمِي عَنْكَ
Allah-azwj became Wrathful for the Momin during that and Revealed to Idrees-as: “Go to My-azwj servant, this tyrant, and say to him: ‘Are you not pleased that you killed My-azwj servant, the Momin, unjustly until you obtained his land purely for you and his dependants were needier from after him and made them hungry? But, by My-azwj Might! I-azwj shall Take revenge for him from you in the future, and destroy your kingdom in the near term, and ruin your city, and disgrace your honour, and the dogs will feed on the flash of your wife, for you have been deceived by My-azwj Forbearance from you!”
فَأَتَاهُ إِدْرِيسُ ع بِرِسَالَةِ رَبِّهِ وَ هُوَ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ وَ حَوْلَهُ أَصْحَابُهُ فَقَالَ أَيُّهَا الْجَبَّارُ إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ- وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ لَكَ أَ مَا رَضِيتَ أَنْ قَتَلْتَ عَبْدِيَ الْمُؤْمِنَ ظُلْماً حَتَّى اسْتَخْلَصْتَ أَرْضَهُ خَالِصَةً لَكَ وَ أَحْوَجْتَ عِيَالَهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَ أَجَعْتَهُمْ أَمَا وَ عِزَّتِي لَأَنْتَقِمَنَّ لَهُ مِنْكَ فِي الْآجِلِ وَ لَأَسْلُبَنَّكَ مُلْكَكَ فِي الْعَاجِلِ وَ لَأُخَرِّبَنَّ مَدِينَتَكَ وَ لَأُذِلَّنَّ عِزَّكَ وَ لَأُطْعِمَنَ الْكِلَابَ لَحْمَ امْرَأَتِكَ
Idrees-as came to him with the Message of his-as Lord-azwj while he was in his gathering and his companions were around him, and he-as said: ‘O you, tyrant! I-as am a Messenger-as of Allah-azwj to you all, and He-azwj is saying to you: “Are you not pleased that you killed My-azwj servant, the Momin, unjustly until you obtained his land purely for you, and his dependants are needier from after him, and hungrier? By My-azwj Mighty, I-azwj shall Take revenge for him from you in the future, and shall destroy your kingdom in the near term, and ruin your city, and disgrace your honour, and the dogs will feed on the flesh of your wife!”
فَقَالَ الْجَبَّارُ اخْرُجْ عَنِّي يَا إِدْرِيسُ فَلَنْ تَسْبِقَنِي بِنَفْسِكَ ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى امْرَأَتِهِ فَأَخْبَرَهَا بِمَا جَاءَ بِهِ إِدْرِيسُ فَقَالَتْ لَا يَهُولَنَّكَ رِسَالَةُ إِلَهِ إِدْرِيسَ- أَنَا أُرْسِلُ إِلَيْهِ مَنْ يَقْتُلُهُ فَتَبْطُلُ رِسَالَةُ إِلَهِهِ وَ كُلُّ مَا جَاءَكَ بِهِ قَالَ فَافْعَلِي
The tyrant said, ‘Get out from me, O Idrees-as! You will never precede me with yourself-as’. Then he sent a message to his wife and informed her with what Idrees-as had come with. She said, ‘Don’t let it terrify you, the Message of the God-azwj of Idrees-as. I am sending to him someone who will kill him-as and invalidate the Message of his-as God-azwj and everything what he-as has come with’. He said, ‘Let him do so’.
وَ كَانَ لِإِدْرِيسَ أَصْحَابٌ مِنَ الرَّافِضَةِ مُؤْمِنُونَ يَجْتَمِعُونَ إِلَيْهِ فِي مَجْلِسٍ لَهُ فَيَأْنَسُونَ بِهِ وَ يَأْنَسُ بِهِمْ
And for Idrees-as there were companions from the Momineen – the rejecters (of false gods), gathering to him-as in a gathering of his-as and be comforted with him-as and he-as being comforted with them.
فَأَخْبَرَهُمْ إِدْرِيسُ بِمَا كَانَ مِنْ وَحْيِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهِ وَ رِسَالَتِهِ إِلَى الْجَبَّارِ وَ مَا كَانَ مِنْ تَبْلِيغِ رِسَالَةِ اللَّهِ إِلَى الْجَبَّارِ
Idrees-as informed them with what would be happening from the Revelation of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic to him-as and His-azwj Message to the tyrant, and what had been delivered of the Message of Allah-azwj to the tyrant.
فَأَشْفَقُوا عَلَى إِدْرِيسَ وَ أَصْحَابِهِ وَ خَافُوا عَلَيْهِ الْقَتْلَ وَ بَعَثَتْ امْرَأَةُ الْجَبَّارِ إِلَى إِدْرِيسَ أَرْبَعِينَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَزَارِقَةِ لِيَقْتُلُوهُ فَأَتَوْهُ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ الَّذِي كَانَ يَجْتَمِعُ إِلَيْهِ فِيهِ أَصْحَابُهُ فَلَمْ يَجِدُوهُ فَانْصَرَفُوا وَ قَدْ رَآهُمْ أَصْحَابُ إِدْرِيسَ فَحَسُّوا أَنَّهُمْ أَتَوْا إِدْرِيسَ لِيَقْتُلُوهُ فَتَفَرَّقُوا فِي طَلَبِهِ
They feared upon Idrees-as and his-as companions and feared of the killing upon him-as, and the wife of the king sent forty men from the Al-Azraqa to Idrees-as in order to kill him-as, and they came to him-as in his-as gathering which his-as companions had gathered to him-as in it, but they did not find him-as. They left, and the companions of Idrees-as had seen them, and they felt that they had come to kill him-as, and they dispersed to seek him.
فلقوا [فَلَقُوهُ] فَقَالُوا لَهُ خُذْ حِذْرَكَ يَا إِدْرِيسُ فَإِنَّ الْجَبَّارَ قَاتِلُكَ قَدْ بَعَثَ الْيَوْمَ أَرْبَعِينَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَزَارِقَةِ لِيَقْتُلُوكَ فَاخْرُجْ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْقَرْيَةِ
They met him-as and said to him-as: ‘Take your-as caution, O Idrees-as, for the tyrant will kill you-as. Today he sent forty men from the Al-Azraqa to kill you-as, therefore go out from this town!’
فَتَنَحَّى إِدْرِيسُ عَنِ الْقَرْيَةِ مِنْ يَوْمِهِ ذَلِكَ وَ مَعَهُ نَفَرٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَلَمَّا كَانَ فِي السَّحَرِ نَاجَى إِدْرِيسُ رَبَّهُ فَقَالَ يَا رَبِّ بَعَثْتَنِي إِلَى جَبَّارٍ فَبَلَّغْتُ رِسَالَتَكَ وَ قَدْ تَوَعَّدَنِي هَذَا الْجَبَّارُ بِالْقَتْلِ بَلْ هُوَ قَاتِلِي إِنْ ظَفِرَ بِي
Idrees-as isolated from the town from that day and with him-as were a number of his-as companions. When it was the pre-dawn, Idrees-as whispered to his-as Lord-azwj and said: ‘O Lord-azwj! You-azwj Sent me-as to a tyrant and I-as delivered Your-azwj Message, and this tyrant threatened me-as with the killing, but he will kill me-as and win over me-as’.
فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ تَنَحَّ عَنْهُ وَ اخْرُجْ مِنْ قَرْيَتِهِ وَ خَلِّنِي وَ إِيَّاهُ فَوَ عِزَّتِي لَأُنْفِذَنَّ فِيهِ أَمْرِي وَ لَأُصَدِّقَنَّ قَوْلَكَ فِيهِ وَ مَا أَرْسَلْتُكَ بِهِ إِلَيْهِ
Allah-azwj Revealed to him-as: “Keep away from him and go out from his town and Leave Me-azwj and him, for by My-azwj Mighty, I-azwj will Implement My-azwj Command regarding him, and will Ratify your words regarding him and what I-azwj Sent you-as with to him”.
فَقَالَ إِدْرِيسُ يَا رَبِّ إِنْ لِي حَاجَةً قَالَ اللَّهُ سَلْهَا تُعْطَهَا قَالَ أَسْأَلُكَ أَنْ لَا تُمْطِرَ السَّمَاءَ عَلَى أَهْلِ هَذِهِ الْقَرْيَةِ وَ مَا حَوْلَهَا وَ مَا حَوَتْ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى أَسْأَلَكَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَا إِدْرِيسُ إِذاً تَخْرَبُ الْقَرْيَةُ وَ يَشْتَدُّ جَهْدُ أَهْلِهَا وَ يَجُوعُونَ
Idrees-as said: ‘O Lord-azwj! There is a need for me-as’. Allah-azwj Said: “Ask it, I-azwj shall Grant it”. He-as said: ‘I-as ask You-azwj not to rain the sky upon the people of this town and what is around it and what befalls upon it until I-as ask You-azwj of that’. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: “O Idrees-as! When the town is ruined and the struggle of the people intensifies, they will be hungry”.
فَقَالَ إِدْرِيسُ وَ إِنْ خَرِبَتْ وَ جَهَدُوا وَ جَاعُوا قَالَ اللَّهُ فَإِنِّي قَدْ أَعْطَيْتُكَ مَا سَأَلْتَ وَ لَنْ أُمْطِرَ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى تَسْأَلَنِي ذَلِكَ وَ أَنَا أَحَقُّ مَنْ وَفَى بِعَهْدِهِ
Idrees-as said: ‘And even if it is ruined and they struggle and are hungry’. Allah-azwj Said: “I-azwj have Granted you-as what you-as asked and will never rain the sky upon them until you-as ask Me-azwj of that, and I-azwj are more rightful from fulfilling its pact!”
فَأَخْبَرَ إِدْرِيسُ أَصْحَابَهُ بِمَا سَأَلَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِنْ حَبْسِ الْمَطَرِ عَنْهُمْ وَ بِمَا أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ وَ وَعَدَهُ أَنْ لَا يُمْطِرَ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى أَسْأَلَهُ ذَلِكَ فَاخْرُجُوا أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْقَرْيَةِ إِلَى غَيْرِهَا مِنَ الْقُرَى
Idrees-as informed his-as companions with what he-as has asked Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic from the withholding of the rain from them, and with what Allah-azwj had Revealed to him-as and Promised him-as: ‘He-azwj will not rain the sky upon them until I-as ask Him-azwj of that, therefore go out, O you Momineen, from this town to another from the towns!’
فَخَرَجُوا مِنْهَا وَ عِدَّتُهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ عِشْرُونَ رَجُلًا فَتَفَرَّقُوا فِي الْقُرَى وَ شَاعَ خَبَرُ إِدْرِيسَ فِي الْقُرَى بِمَا سَأَلَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى وَ تَنَحَّى إِدْرِيسُ إِلَى كَهْفٍ فِي الْجَبَلِ شَاهِقٍ فَلَجَأَ إِلَيْهِ وَ وَكَّلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِهِ مَلَكاً يَأْتِيهِ بِطَعَامِهِ عِنْدَ كُلِّ مَسَاءٍ وَ كَانَ يَصُومُ النَّهَارَ
They went out from it and their number on that day was of twenty men. They dispersed in the two, and the news of Idrees-as spread out in the two with what he-as had asked Allah-azwj the Exalted; and Idrees-as isolated to a cave in the tall mountain and sheltered to it, and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Allocated an Angel with him-as to come to him-as and feed him-as during every evening, and he-as was Fasting by the day.
فَيَأْتِيهِ الْمَلَكُ بِطَعَامِهِ عِنْدَ كُلِّ مَسَاءٍ وَ سَلَبَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ مُلْكَ الْجَبَّارِ وَ قَتَلَهُ وَ أَخْرَبَ مَدِينَتَهُ وَ أَطْعَمَ الْكِلَابَ لَحْمَ امْرَأَتِهِ غَضَباً لِلْمُؤْمِنِ وَ ظَهَرَ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ جَبَّارٌ آخَرُ عَاصٍ فَمَكَثُوا بِذَلِكَ بَعْدَ خُرُوجِ إِدْرِيسَ مِنَ الْقَرْيَةِ عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً لَمْ تُمْطِرِ السَّمَاءُ قَطْرَةً مِنْ مَائِهَا عَلَيْهِمْ
The Angel kept coming to him-as with his-as meal during every evening, and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Destroyed the tyrant king during that and Killed him and Ruined his city and the dogs ate the flesh of his wife, in Wrath for the Momin, and another tyrant appeared in the city, stubborn. They remained with that after the exit of Idrees-as from the town for twenty years, and the sky did not rain with a drop of its water upon them.
فَجَهَدَ الْقَوْمُ وَ اشْتَدَّتْ حَالُهُمْ وَ صَارُوا يَمْتَارُونَ الْأَطْعِمَةَ مِنَ الْقُرَى مِنْ بَعْدُ فَلَمَّا جَهَدُوا مَشَى بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ فَقَالُوا إِنَّ الَّذِي نَزَلَ بِنَا مِمَّا تَرَوْنَ بِسُؤَالِ إِدْرِيسَ رَبَّهُ أَنْ لَا يُمْطِرَ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْنَا حَتَّى يَسْأَلَهُ هُوَ وَ قَدْ خَفِيَ إِدْرِيسُ عَنَّا وَ لَا عِلْمَ لَنَا بِمَوْضِعِهِ وَ اللَّهُ أَرْحَمُ بِنَا مِنْهُ
The people struggled and their state was difficult and they became gathering the good from the two from afterwards. When they struggled, some of them walked to others and they said, ‘That which has descended with us from what you are seeing is due to Idrees-as asking his-as Lord-azwj for the sky not to rain upon us until he-as asks Him-azwj for it, and Idrees-as is hidden from us and there is no knowledge for us of his-as whereabouts, and Allah-azwj will be more Merciful with us from him-as’.
فَأَجْمَعَ أَمْرُهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ يَتُوبُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ يَدْعُوهُ وَ يَفْزَعُوا إِلَيْهِ وَ يَسْأَلُوهُ أَنْ يُمْطِرَ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ عَلَى مَا حَوَتْ قَرْيَتُهُمْ فَقَامُوا عَلَى الرَّمَادِ وَ لَبِسُوا الْمُسُوحَ وَ حَثَوْا عَلَى رُءُوسِهِمُ التُّرَابَ- وَ رَجَعُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِالتَّوْبَةِ وَ الِاسْتِغْفَارِ وَ الْبُكَاءِ وَ التَّضَرُّعِ إِلَيْهِ
They gathered their matter upon that they will be repenting to Allah-azwj and supplicate to Him-azwj and panic to Him-azwj and ask Him-azwj to get the sky to rain upon them and what the fish of their town. They stood upon the hot ashes and wore the coarse clothes, and they poured the soil upon their heads and hoped to Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic with the repentance, and the Forgiveness, and the wailing and the beseeching to Him-azwj.
وَ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهِ يَا إِدْرِيسُ أَهْلُ قَرْيَتِكَ قَدْ عَجُّوا إِلَيَّ بِالتَّوْبَةِ وَ الِاسْتِغْفَارِ وَ الْبُكَاءِ وَ التَّضَرُّعِ وَ أَنَا اللَّهُ الرَّحْمَنُ الرَّحِيمُ أَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ وَ أَعْفُو عَنِ السَّيِّئَةِ وَ قَدْ رَحِمْتُهُمْ وَ لَمْ يَمْنَعْنِي إِجَابَتَهُمْ إِلَى مَا سَأَلُونِي مِنَ الْمَطَرِ إِلَّا مُنَاظَرَتُكَ فِيمَا سَأَلْتَنِي أَنْ لَا أُمْطِرَ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى تَسْأَلَنِي فَاسْأَلْنِي يَا إِدْرِيسُ حَتَّى أُغِيثَهُمْ وَ أُمْطِرَ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْهِمْ
And Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed to him-as: “O Idrees-as! The people of your-as town have become vociferous to Me-azwj with the repentance, and seeking the Forgiveness, and the wailing, and the beseeching, and I-azwj am Allah-azwj, the Beneficent, the Merciful. I-azwj Accept the repentance and Forgive from the sins and have Mercied them, and there does not prevent Me-azwj anything to Answer them to what they are asking Me-azwj of the rain, except Awaiting you-as regarding what you-as asked Me-azwj that I-azwj should not get the sky to rain upon them until you-as ask Me-azwj. Ask Me-azwj, O Idrees-as, I-azwj Quench them and get the sky to rain upon them!”
قَالَ إِدْرِيسُ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي لَا أَسْأَلُكَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَ لَمْ تَسْأَلْنِي يَا إِدْرِيسُ فَسَلْنِي
Idrees-as said: ‘O Allah-azwj! I-as will not ask You-azwj of that’. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: ‘Did you-as not ask Me-azwj, O Idrees-as? (Now) Aske Me-azwj”. Idrees-as said: ‘O Allah-azwj! I-as will not ask You-azwj’.
قَالَ إِدْرِيسُ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي لَا أَسْأَلُكَ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَى الْمَلَكِ الَّذِي أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْتِي إِدْرِيسَ بِطَعَامِهِ كُلَّ مَسَاءٍ أَنِ احْبِسْ عَنْ إِدْرِيسَ طَعَامَهُ وَ لَا تَأْتِهِ بِهِ فَلَمَّا أَمْسَى إِدْرِيسُ فِي لَيْلَةِ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ فَلَمْ يُؤْتَ بِطَعَامِهِ حَزِنَ وَ جَاعَ فَصَبَرَ فَلَمَّا كَانَ فِي الْيَوْمِ الثَّانِي فَلَمْ يُؤْتَ بِطَعَامِهِ اشْتَدَّ حُزْنُهُ وَ جُوعُهُ
Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed to the Angel whom He-azwj had Commanded to come to Idrees-as with his-as meal every evening, that he should withhold from Idrees-as his-as meal and not go to him-as. When it was evening during the night of that day and his-as meal did not come, he-as grieved and was hungry. But, he-as was patient. When it was the second day, and his-as meal did not come, his-as grief and his-as hunger intensified.
فَلَمَّا كَانَتِ اللَّيْلَةُ مِنَ الْيَوْمِ الثَّالِثِ فَلَمْ يُؤْتَ بِطَعَامِهِ اشْتَدَّ جُهْدُهُ وَ جُوعُهُ وَ حُزْنُهُ وَ قَلَّ صَبْرُهُ فَنَادَى رَبَّهُ يَا رَبِّ حَبَسْتَ عَنِّي رِزْقِي مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَقْبِضَ رُوحِي
When it was the night of the third day and his-as meal did not come, his-as struggle and his-as hunger and his-as grief intensified, and his-as patience was less, he-as called out to his-as Lord-azwj: ‘O Lord-azwj! You-azwj Withheld my-as sustenance from me-as from before Capturing my-as soul?’
فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهِ يَا إِدْرِيسُ جَزِعْتَ أَنْ حَبَسْتُ عَنْكَ طَعَامَكَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَ لَيَالِيَهَا وَ لَمْ تَجْزَعْ وَ لَمْ تُنْكِرْ جُوعَ أَهْلِ قَرْيَتِكَ وَ جُهْدَهُمْ مُنْذُ عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً ثُمَّ سَأَلْتُكَ عَنْ جُهْدِهِمْ وَ رَحْمَتِي إِيَّاهُمْ أَنْ تَسْأَلَنِي أَنْ أُمْطِرَ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَلَمْ تَسْأَلْنِي وَ بَخِلْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِمَسْأَلَتِكَ إِيَّايَ فَأَذَقْتُكَ الْجُوعَ فَقَلَّ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ صَبْرُكَ وَ ظَهَرَ جَزَعُكَ فَاهْبِطْ مِنْ مَوْضِعِكَ فَاطْلُبِ الْمَعَاشَ لِنَفْسِكَ فَقَدْ وَكَلْتُكَ فِي طَلَبِهِ إِلَى حِيَلِكَ
Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed to him-as: “O Idrees-as! You-as panicked when I-azwj Withheld your-as food from you-as for three days and its nights, and you-as did not panic and did not quash the hunger of the people of your-as town and their-as struggle for twenty years? Then I-azwj Asked you-as about their struggles and My-azwj being Merciful to them that you-as should ask Me-azwj to get the sky to rain upon them, but you-as did not ask Me-azwj and were stingy upon them with your-as asking Me-azwj, so I-azwj Made you-as taste the hunger and your-as patience was little during that and your-as panic appeared. Get down from your-as place and seek the livelihood for yourself-as for you-as have been allocated in seeking it to your-as means!”
فَهَبَطَ إِدْرِيسُ مِنْ مَوْضِعِهِ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ يَطْلُبُ أُكْلَةً مِنْ جُوعٍ فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ الْقَرْيَةَ نَظَرَ إِلَى دُخَانٍ فِي بَعْضِ مَنَازِلِهَا فَأَقْبَلَ نَحْوَهُ فَهَجَمَ عَلَى عَجُوزٍ كَبِيرَةٍ وَ هِيَ تُرَقِّقُ قُرْصَتَيْنِ لَهَا عَلَى مِقْلَاةٍ فَقَالَ لَهَا أَيَّتُهَا الْمَرْأَةُ أَطْعِمِينِي فَإِنِّي مَجْهُودٌ مِنَ الْجُوعِ فَقَالَتْ لَهُ يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ مَا تَرَكَتْ لَنَا دَعْوَةُ إِدْرِيسَ فَضْلًا نُطْعِمُهُ أَحَداً وَ حَلَفَتْ أَنَّهَا مَا تَمْلِكُ شَيْئاً غَيْرَهُ فَاطْلُبِ الْمَعَاشَ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَهْلِ هَذِهِ الْقَرْيَةِ
Idrees-as went down from his-as place to another seeking something to eat for hunger. When he-as entered the two, he-as looked at smoke in one of its houses. He-azwj went near it and rushed upon an old woman while she was cooking two discs (of bread) for herself upon a pan. He-as said to her: ‘O woman! Feed me-as, for I-as am struggling from the hunger’. She said to him-as, ‘O servant of Allah-azwj! A supplication of Idrees-as has not left for us any extra to feed anyone else with it’ – and she swore that she did not own anything – ‘Go and seek livelihood from someone else from the people of this town’.
قَالَ لَهَا أَطْعِمِينِي مَا أُمْسِكُ بِهِ رُوحِي وَ تَحْمِلُنِي بِهِ رِجْلِي إِلَى أَنْ أَطْلُبَ قَالَتْ إِنَّهُمَا قُرْصَتَانِ وَاحِدَةٌ لِي وَ الْأُخْرَى لِابْنِي فَإِنْ أَطْعَمْتُكَ قُوتِي مِتُّ وَ إِنْ أَطْعَمْتُكَ قُوتَ ابْنِي مَاتَ وَ مَا هُنَا فَضْلٌ أُطْعِمُكَاهُ فَقَالَ لَهَا إِنَّ ابْنَكِ صَغِيرٌ يُجْزِيهِ نِصْفُ قُرْصَةٍ فَيَحْيَا بِهَا وَ يُجْزِينِي النِّصْفُ الْآخَرُ فَأَحْيَا بِهِ وَ فِي ذَلِكِ بُلْغَةٌ لِي وَ لَهُ
He-as said to her: ‘Feed me-as what my-as soul can be withheld by it, and my legs can carry me-as by it to the seeking’. She said, ‘These here are two discs (of bread) – one is for me and the other is for my son. If I were to feed you my subsistence, I will die, and if I feed you-as subsistence of my son, he will die, and there is no extra over here to feed it to you’. He-as said to her: ‘If your son is small, half a disc would suffice him and he will live by it, and the other half would suffice me-as and I-as will live by it, and in that there is basic food for me and for him’.
فَأَكَلَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ قُرْصَهَا وَ كَسَرَتِ الْقُرْصَ الْآخَرَ بَيْنَ إِدْرِيسَ وَ بَيْنَ ابْنِهَا فَلَمَّا رَأَى ابْنُهَا إِدْرِيسَ يَأْكُلُ مِنْ قُرْصِهِ اضْطَرَبَ حَتَّى مَاتَ قَالَتْ أُمُّهُ يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ قَتَلْتَ عَلَيَّ ابْنِي جَزَعاً عَلَى قُوتِهِ قَالَ إِدْرِيسُ فَأَنَا أُحْيِيهِ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فَلَا تَجْزَعِي
The woman ate her disc and broke the other disc between Idrees-as and her son. When her son saw Idrees-as eating from his disc he became restless until he died. His mother said, ‘O servant of Allah-azwj! You-as killed my son upon me out of panic upon his subsistence?’ Idrees-as said: ‘I-as can revive him-as with the Permission of Allah-azwj the Exalted, so don’t panic’.
ثُمَّ أَخَذَ إِدْرِيسُ بِعَضُدَيِ الصَّبِيِّ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيَّتُهَا الرُّوحُ الْخَارِجَةُ مِنْ بَدَنِ هَذَا الْغُلَامِ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ارْجِعِي إِلَى بَدَنِهِ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَ أَنَا إِدْرِيسُ النَّبِيُّ فَرَجَعَتْ رُوحُ الْغُلَامِ إِلَيْهِ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ
Then Idrees-as grabbed a shoulder of the child, then said: ‘O you soul who has exited from the body of this boy, return by the Permission of Allah-azwj, to his body by the Permission of Allah-azwj, and I-as am Idrees-as the Prophet-as. The soul of the boy returned to him by the Permission of Allah-azwj.
فَلَمَّا سَمِعَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ كَلَامَ إِدْرِيسَ وَ قَوْلَهُ أَنَا إِدْرِيسُ وَ نَظَرَتْ إِلَى ابْنِهَا قَدْ عَاشَ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ قَالَتْ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ إِدْرِيسُ النَّبِيُّ وَ خَرَجَتْ تُنَادِي بِأَعْلَى صَوْتِهَا فِي الْقَرْيَةِ أَبْشِرُوا بِالْفَرَجِ فَقَدْ دَخَلَ إِدْرِيسُ قَرْيَتَكُمْ
When the woman heard the speech of Idrees-as and his-as words: ‘I-as am Idrees-as’, and looked at her son who have become alive after the dead, she said, ‘I testify that you-as are Idrees-as the Prophet-as, and she went out calling out at the top of her voice in the town, ‘Receive good news of the relief, for Idrees-as has entered your town!’
وَ مَضَى إِدْرِيسُ حَتَّى جَلَسَ عَلَى مَوْضِعِ مَدِينَةِ الْجَبَّارِ الْأَوَّلِ وَ هِيَ عَلَى تَلٍّ فَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ أُنَاسٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ قَرْيَتِهِ فَقَالُوا لَهُ يَا إِدْرِيسُ أَ مَا رَحِمْتَنَا فِي هَذِهِ الْعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً الَّتِي جُهِدْنَا فِيهَا وَ مَسَّنَا الْجُوعُ وَ الْجُهْدُ فِيهَا فَادْعُ اللَّهَ لَنَا أَنْ يُمْطِرَ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْنَا
And Idrees-as went until he-as sat upon the place of the first tyrant and it was upon a hill. The people of his-as town gathered to him-as and they said to him-as, ‘O Idrees-as! But, you-as did not have mercy on us during these twenty years which we struggled and the hunger touched us and the struggles during it? Supplicate to Allah-azwj for us for the sky to rain upon us!’
قَالَ لَا حَتَّى يَأْتِيَنِي جَبَّارُكُمْ هَذَا وَ جَمِيعُ أَهْلِ قَرْيَتِكُمْ مُشَاةً حُفَاةً فَيَسْأَلُونِي ذَلِكَ
He-as said: ‘No, until you come to me with your tyrant and the entirety of the people of your town walking bare feet asking me-as that’.
فَبَلَغَ الْجَبَّارَ قَوْلُهُ فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ أَرْبَعِينَ رَجُلًا يَأْتُوهُ بِإِدْرِيسَ فَأَتَوْهُ فَقَالُوا لَهُ إِنَّ الْجَبَّارَ بَعَثَ إِلَيْكَ لِتَذْهَبَ إِلَيْهِ فَدَعَا عَلَيْهِمْ فَمَاتُوا فَبَلَغَ الْجَبَّارَ ذَلِكَ فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ خَمْسَمِائَةِ رَجُلٍ لِيَأْتُوهُ بِهِ فَقَالُوا لَهُ يَا إِدْرِيسُ إِنَّ الْجَبَّارَ بَعَثَنَا إِلَيْكَ لِنَذْهَبَ بِكَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ إِدْرِيسُ انْظُرُوا إِلَى مَصَارِعِ أَصْحَابِكُمْ
His-as words the tyrant and he sent forty men to him-as to come to him with Idrees-as. They came to him-as and said to him-as, ‘The tyrant has sent us to you to take you-as to him’. He-as supplicated against them, and they died. That reached the tyrant and he sent five hundred men to bring him-as to him. They said to him-as, ‘O Idrees-as! The tyrant sent us to you-as to take you-as to him’. Idrees-as said to them: ‘Look at the fighters, your companions’.
فَقَالُوا لَهُ يَا إِدْرِيسُ قَتَلْتَنَا بِالْجُوعِ مُنْذُ عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً ثُمَّ تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَدْعُوَ عَلَيْنَا بِالْمَوْتِ أَ مَا لَكَ رَحْمَةٌ فَقَالَ مَا أَنَا بِذَاهِبٍ إِلَيْهِ وَ لَا أَنَا بِسَائِلٍ اللَّهَ أَنْ يُمْطِرَ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْكُمْ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَنِي جَبَّارُكُمْ مَاشِياً حَافِياً وَ أَهْلُ قَرْيَتِكُمْ
They said to him-as, ‘O Idrees-as! You-as have been killing us with the hunger for twenty years, then you-as want to supplicate against us with the death! Is there no mercy for you-as?’ He-as said: ‘Neither will I-as be going to him nor will I-as ask Allah-azwj to get the sky to rain upon you all until you bring your tyrant to me-as, walking barefooted, and the people of your town (as well)’.
فَانْطَلَقُوا إِلَى الْجَبَّارِ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ بِقَوْلِ إِدْرِيسَ وَ سَأَلُوهُ أَنْ يَمْضِيَ مَعَهُمْ وَ جَمِيعَ أَهْلِ قَرْيَتِهِمْ إِلَى إِدْرِيسَ حُفَاةً مُشَاةً فَأَتَوْهُ حَتَّى وَقَفُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ خَاضِعِينَ لَهُ طَالِبِينَ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يَسْأَلَ اللَّهَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يُمْطِرَ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْهِمْ
They went to the tyrant and informed him with the words of Idrees-as and asked him to go with them and the entirety of the people of their town to Idrees-as, walking barefooted. They came to him-as until they paused in front of him-as, humbled to him-as seeking to him-as that he-as should ask Allah-azwj for them to get the sky to rain upon them.
فَقَالَ لَهُمْ إِدْرِيسُ أَمَّا الْآنَ فَنَعَمْ فَسَأَلَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى إِدْرِيسُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يُمْطِرَ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ عَلَى قَرْيَتِهِمْ وَ نَوَاحِيهَا فَأَظَلَّتْهُمْ سَحَابَةٌ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ وَ أَرْعَدَتْ وَ أَبْرَقَتْ وَ هَطَلَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ سَاعَتِهِمْ حَتَّى ظَنُّوا أَنَّهَا الْغَرَقُ فَمَا رَجَعُوا إِلَى مَنَازِلِهِمْ حَتَّى أَهَمَّتْهُمْ أَنْفُسُهُمْ مِنَ الْمَاءِ
Idrees-as said to them: ‘As for now, so yes’. Idrees-as asked Allah-azwj the Exalted during that for the sky to rain upon them and upon their town and its surrounding area. The clouds shaded them from the sky, and there was thunder and lightning, and there was a torrential downpour upon them from their moment until they thought that it is the drowning. They had not return to their houses until they were worried of themselves from the water.[155]
3- فس أَبِي عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى غَضِبَ عَلَى مَلَكٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ فَقَطَعَ جَنَاحَهُ وَ أَلْقَاهُ فِي جَزِيرَةٍ مِنْ جَزَائِرِ الْبَحْرِ فَبَقِيَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ فِي ذَلِكَ الْبَحْرِ فَلَمَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ إِدْرِيسَ ع جَاءَ ذَلِكَ الْمَلَكُ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ادْعُ اللَّهَ أَنْ يَرْضَى عَنِّي وَ يَرُدَّ عَلَيَّ جَنَاحِي
‘Tafseer Al-Qummi’ – My father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from the one who narrated it,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted was Wrathful upon an Angel from the Angels and Cut-off his wings and Threw him in an island from the islands of the sea. He remained there for as long as Allah-azwj so Desired in that sea. When Allah-azwj Sent Idrees-as, that Angel came to him-as and said, ‘O Prophet-as of Allah-azwj! Supplicate to Allah-azwj to be Pleased from me and Return my wings to me’.
قَالَ نَعَمْ فَدَعَا إِدْرِيسُ رَبَّهُ فَرَدَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ جَنَاحَهُ وَ رَضِيَ عَنْهُ قَالَ الْمَلَكُ لِإِدْرِيسَ أَ لَكَ إِلَيَّ حَاجَةٌ قَالَ نَعَمْ أُحِبُّ أَنْ تَرْفَعَنِي إِلَى السَّمَاءِ حَتَّى أَنْظُرَ إِلَى مَلَكِ الْمَوْتِ فَإِنَّهُ لَا تَعَيُّشَ لِي مَعَ ذِكْرِهِ
He-as said: ‘Yes’. Idrees-as supplicated and Allah-azwj Returned his wings to him and was Pleased from him. The Angel said to Idrees-as, ‘Is there any need for you-as to me?’ He-as said: ‘Yes, I-azwj would love it if you could raise me-as to the sky until I-as look at the Angel of death, for there is no life for me-as along with his mention’.
فَأَخَذَهُ الْمَلَكُ إِلَى جَنَاحِهِ حَتَّى انْتَهَى بِهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ الرَّابِعَةِ فَإِذَا مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ جَالِسٌ يُحَرِّكُ رَأْسَهُ تَعَجُّباً فَسَلَّمَ إِدْرِيسُ عَلَى مَلَكِ الْمَوْتِ وَ قَالَ لَهُ مَا لَكَ تُحَرِّكُ رَأْسَكَ
The Angel took him-as upon his wings until he ended up with him-as to the fourth sky, and there was the Angel of death moving his head in astonishment. Idrees-as greeted unto the Angel of death and said to him: ‘What is the matter you are moving your head?’
قَالَ إِنَّ رَبَّ الْعِزَّةِ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَقْبِضَ رُوحَكَ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ الرَّابِعَةِ وَ الْخَامِسَةِ فَقُلْتُ رَبِ كَيْفَ يَكُونُ هَذَا وَ غِلَظُ السَّمَاءِ الرَّابِعَةِ مَسِيرَةُ خَمْسِمِائَةِ عَامٍ وَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ الرَّابِعَةِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ الثَّالِثَةِ مَسِيرَةُ خَمْسِمِائَةِ عَامٍ وَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ الثَّالِثَةِ إِلَى الثَّانِيَةِ مَسِيرَةُ خَمْسِمِائَةِ عَامٍ وَ كُلُّ سَمَاءٍ وَ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا كَذَلِكَ فَكَيْفَ يَكُونُ هَذَا
He said, ‘The Lord-azwj of Might Commanded me to capture your-as soul between the fourth sky and the fifth, and I said, ‘Lord-azwj! How can this happen and the fourth sky is thick with a travel distance of five hundred years, and from the fourth sky to the third sky is a travel distance of five hundred years, (and from the third sky to the second sky is a travel distance of five hundred years), and each sky and what is between the two is like that. How can this happen to be?’
ثُمَّ قَبَضَ رُوحَهُ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ الرَّابِعَةِ وَ الْخَامِسَةِ وَ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ وَ رَفَعْناهُ مَكاناً عَلِيًّا
Then he captured his-as soul between the fourth sky and the fifth, and it is His-azwj Word: And We Elevated him to a high place [19:57]’.
قَالَ وَ سُمِّيَ إِدْرِيسَ لِكَثْرَةِ دِرَاسَةِ الْكُتُبِ
He-asws said: ‘And Idrees-as is named due to the frequency of learning (Darasat) the Books.[156]
4- مع، معاني الأخبار مَعْنَى إِدْرِيسَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُكْثِرُ الدَّرْسَ بِحُكْمِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ سُنَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ
‘Ma’any Al Akhbar’ – ‘The meaning of ‘Idrees’ is that he-as used to frequently learn the Rulings of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and practices of Al-Islam’.[157]
5- ل، الخصال مع، معاني الأخبار فِي خَبَرِ أَبِي ذَرٍّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى إِدْرِيسَ ثَلَاثِينَ صَحِيفَةً
In a Hadeeth of Abu Zarr-ra, Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj Revealed thirty Parchments upon Idrees-as.[158]
6- ج، الإحتجاج فِيمَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع عَلَى يَهُودِيِّ الشَّامِ أَنَّ إِدْرِيسَ ع رَفَعَهُ اللَّهُ مَكاناً عَلِيًّا وَ أُطْعِمَ مِنْ تُحَفِ الْجَنَّةِ بَعْدَ وَفَاتِهِ
‘Al-Ihtijaj’ – Among what Amir Al-Momineen-asws argued with against a Syrian Jews: ‘Idrees-as, Allah-azwj Elevated him to a high place [19:57]’, and Fed him-as from the gifts of the Paradise after his-as expiry.[159]
7- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ إِلَى الصَّدُوقِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أُورَمَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ الْجُعْفِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ مَلَكاً مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ كَانَتْ لَهُ مَنْزِلَةٌ فَأَهْبَطَهُ اللَّهُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ فَأَتَى إِدْرِيسَ النَّبِيَّ ع فَقَالَ لَهُ اشْفَعْ لِي عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By the chain to Al Sadouq, from his father, from Muhammad al Attar, from Ibn Aban, from Ibn Awrama, from Muhammad Bin Usman, from Abu Jameela, from Jabir Al Jufy,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘An Angel from the Angels has a status for him, and Allah-azwj Descended him to the earth, so he came to Idrees-as the Prophet-as and said to him-as, ‘Intercede for me in the Presence of your-as Lord-azwj’.
فَصَلَّى ثَلَاثَ لَيَالٍ لَا يَفْتُرُ وَ صَامَ أَيَّامَهَا لَا يُفْطِرُ ثُمَّ طَلَبَ إِلَى اللَّهِ فِي السَّحَرِ لِلْمَلَكِ فَأَذِنَ لَهُ فِي الصُّعُودِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ أُحِبُّ أَنْ أُكَافِيَكَ فَاطْلُبْ إِلَيَّ حَاجَةً فَقَالَ تُرِينِي مَلَكَ الْمَوْتِ لَعَلِّي آنَسُ بِهِ فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ يَهْنَؤُنِي مَعَ ذِكْرِهِ شَيْءٌ
He-as prayed Salat for three nights, not breaking, and Fasted its days, not breaking, then sought to Allah-azwj during the pre-dawn for the angel. He-azwj Permitted for him regarding the ascent to the sky. The Angel said to him-as, ‘I would love to suffice you-as, therefore seek a need to me’. He-as said: ‘Show me-as the Angel of death, perhaps I-as can be comfortable with him, for nothing is pleasurable for me-as along with his mention’.
فَبَسَطَ جَنَاحَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ ارْكَبْ فَصَعِدَ بِهِ فَطَلَبَ مَلَكَ الْمَوْتِ فِي سَمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا فَقِيلَ إِنَّهُ قَدْ صَعِدَ فَاسْتَقْبَلَهُ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ الرَّابِعَةِ وَ الْخَامِسَةِ فَقَالَ الْمَلَكُ لِمَلَكِ الْمَوْتِ مَا لِي أَرَاكَ قَاطِباً قَالَ أَتَعَجَّبُ أَنِّي كُنْتُ تَحْتَ ظِلِّ الْعَرْشِ حَتَّى أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أَقْبِضَ رُوحَ إِدْرِيسَ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ الرَّابِعَةِ وَ الْخَامِسَةِ
He spread out his wings, then said, ‘Ride!’ He ascended with him-as and sought the Angel of death in the sky of the world. It was said, ‘He as ascended’. He met him between the fourth and the fifth sky. The Angel said to the Angel of death said, ‘What is the matter I see you frowning?’ He said, ‘I am astounded. I was beneath the Shade of the Throne until I was Commanded to capture the soul of Idrees-as between the fourth and the fifth sky’.
فَسَمِعَ إِدْرِيسُ ذَلِكَ فَانْتَفَضَ مِنْ جَنَاحِ الْمَلَكِ وَ قَبَضَ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ رُوحَهُ مَكَانَهُ وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى- وَ اذْكُرْ فِي الْكِتابِ إِدْرِيسَ إِنَّهُ كانَ صِدِّيقاً نَبِيًّا وَ رَفَعْناهُ مَكاناً عَلِيًّا
Idrees-as heard that and fled from the wing of the Angel, and the Angel of death captured his-as soul in his-as place, and that is the Word of the Exalted: And mention Idrees in the Book. He was truthful, a Prophet [19:56] And We Elevated him to a high place [19:57].[160]
8- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ ابْنِ أُورَمَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: كَانَ إِدْرِيسُ النَّبِيُّ ع يَسِيحُ النَّهَارَ وَ يَصُومُهُ وَ يَبِيتُ حَيْثُ مَا جَنَّهُ اللَّيْلُ وَ يَأْتِيهِ رِزْقُهُ حَيْثُ مَا أَفْطَرَ وَ كَانَ يَصْعَدُ لَهُ مِنَ الْعَمَلِ الصَّالِحِ مِثْلُ مَا يَصْعَدُ لِأَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ كُلِّهِمْ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By this chain from Ibn Awrama, from Abdullah Bin Al Mugheira, from Muhammad Bin Marwan, from Abu Salih, from Ibn Abbas who said,
‘The Prophet Idrees-as used to travel at daytime and fast it, and spend the night wherever the night would shade him-as, and his sustenance would come to him-as wherever he-as broke fast, and his-as righteous deeds used to ascend like what it would ascend for people of the earth, all of them.
فَسَأَلَ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ رَبَّهُ فِي زِيَارَةِ إِدْرِيسَ ع وَ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ عَلَيْهِ فَأَذِنَ لَهُ فَنَزَلَ وَ أَتَاهُ فَقَالَ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَصْحَبَكَ فَأَكُونَ مَعَكَ فَصَحِبَهُ وَ كَانَا يَسِيحَانِ النَّهَارَ وَ يَصُومَانِهِ فَإِذَا جَنَّهُمَا اللَّيْلُ أُتِيَ إِدْرِيسُ فِطْرَهُ فَيَأْكُلُ وَ يَدْعُو مَلَكَ الْمَوْتِ إِلَيْهِ فَيَقُولُ لَا حَاجَةَ لِي فِيهِ ثُمَّ يَقُومَانِ يُصَلِّيَانِ وَ إِدْرِيسُ يُصَلِّي وَ يَفْتُرُ وَ يَنَامُ وَ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ يُصَلِّي وَ لَا يَنَامُ وَ لَا يَفْتُرُ فَمَكَثَا بِذَلِكَ أَيَّاماً
The Angels of dead asked his Lord in visiting Idrees and to greet unto him. He Permitted for him. He decended and said: ‘I want to accompany you to be with you’. He accompanied him and they were travelling at daytime and fasting it. When the night shaded them, a break would come to Idrees and he ate and invited the Angel of death to him. He said: ‘There is no need for me regarding it’. Then they would stand praying, and Idrees-as would pray and take a break and sleep while the Angel of death prayed and did not sleep nor take a break. They remained like that for days.
ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمَا مَرَّا بِقَطِيعِ غَنَمٍ وَ كَرْمٍ قَدْ أَيْنَعَ فَقَالَ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ هَلْ لَكَ أَنْ تَأْخُذَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ حَمَلًا أَوْ مِنْ هَذَا عَنَاقِيدَ فَنُفْطِرَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ أَدْعُوكَ إِلَى مَالِي فَتَأْبَى فَكَيْفَ تَدْعُونِي إِلَى مَالِ الْغَيْرِ
Then they passed by a flock of sheep and a vineyard which had ripened. The Angel of death said: ‘Is it okay for you-as if you were to take a lamb from that or bunches from this so we can break fast upon it’. He-as said: ‘Glory be to Allah-azwj! I-as have invited you to my-as wealth but you refused, so how can you invite me-as to the wealth of someone else?’
ثُمَّ قَالَ إِدْرِيسُ ع قَدْ صَحِبْتَنِي وَ أَحْسَنْتَ فِيمَا بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَكَ مَنْ أَنْتَ قَالَ أَنَا مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ قَالَ إِدْرِيسُ لِي إِلَيْكَ حَاجَةٌ فَقَالَ وَ مَا هِيَ قَالَ تَصْعَدُ بِي إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَاسْتَأْذَنَ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ رَبَّهُ فِي ذَلِكَ فَأَذِنَ لَهُ فَحَمَلَهُ عَلَى جَنَاحِهِ فَصَعِدَ بِهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ
Then Idrees-as said: ‘You have accompanied me-as and have been excellent in what is between me-as and you! Who are you?’ He said: ‘I am the Angel of death’. Idrees-as said: ‘There is a need for me to you’. He said: ‘And what is it?’ He-as said: ‘Ascend with me-as to the sky!’ The Angel of death asked his Lord-azwj regarding that. He-azwj Permitted for him. He carried him-as upon his wings and ascended with him-as to the sky.
ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ إِدْرِيسُ ع إِنَّ لِي إِلَيْكَ حَاجَةً أُخْرَى قَالَ وَ مَا هِيَ قَالَ بَلَغَنِي مِنَ الْمَوْتِ شِدَّةٌ فَأُحِبُّ أَنْ تُذِيقَنِي مِنْهُ طَرَفاً فَأَنْظُرَ هُوَ كَمَا بَلَغَنِي
Then Idrees-as said to him: ‘There is another need for me to you!’ He said: ‘And what is it?’ He-as said: ‘It has reached me-as of the severity regarding the death, so I-as would love it if you could make me-as taste a part from it, so I-as can look whether it is like what has reached me-as’.
فَاسْتَأْذَنَ رَبَّهُ لَهُ فَأَذِنَ فَأَخَذَ بِنَفْسِهِ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ خَلَّى عَنْهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ كَيْفَ رَأَيْتَ قَالَ بَلَغَنِي عَنْهُ شِدَّةٌ وَ إِنَّهُ لَأَشَدُّ مِمَّا بَلَغَنِي وَ لِي إِلَيْكَ حَاجَةٌ أُخْرَى تُرِينِيَ النَّارَ
He sought Permission of his Lord-azwj for it. He-azwj Permitted, so he seized his-as soul for a while, then released it. He said to him-as: ‘How did you-as feel?’ He-as said: ‘Severity about it had reached me-as, and it is severer than what has reached me-as, and there is another need for you to show me-as the Hellfire’.
فَاسْتَأْذَنَ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ صَاحِبَ النَّارِ فَفَتَحَ لَهُ فَلَمَّا رَآهَا إِدْرِيسُ ع سَقَطَ مَغْشِيّاً عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي إِلَيْكَ حَاجَةٌ أُخْرَى تُرِينِيَ الْجَنَّةَ
The Angel of death sought permission of the keeper of the Hellfire. He opened for him. When Idrees-as saw it, he fell down unconscious. Then he-as said: ‘There is another need for me-as to you to show me-as the Paradise’.
فَاسْتَأْذَنَ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ خَازِنَ الْجَنَّةِ فَدَخَلَهَا فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ إِلَيْهَا قَالَ يَا مَلَكَ الْمَوْتِ مَا كُنْتُ لِأَخْرُجَ مِنْهَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ذائِقَةُ الْمَوْتِ وَ قَدْ ذُقْتُهُ وَ يَقُولُ وَ إِنْ مِنْكُمْ إِلَّا وارِدُها وَ قَدْ وَرَدْتُهَا وَ يَقُولُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَ ما هُمْ بِخارِجِينَ مِنْها
The Angel of death sought permission of the treasurer of Paradise. He entered it. When he looked at it, he said: ‘O Angel of death! I would not like to exit from it!’ Every self shall taste the death [3:185], and I have tasted it, and He Says: And there is not one of you but shall pass over it [19:71], and He says: and they will not be exiting from it [5:37]’.[161]
9- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ إِلَى الصَّدُوقِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ إِلَى وَهْبِ بْنِ الْمُنَبِّهِ قَالَ: إِنَّ إِدْرِيسَ كَانَ رَجُلًا طَوِيلًا ضَخْمَ الْبَطْنِ عَظِيمَ الصَّدْرِ قَلِيلَ الصَّوْتِ رَقِيقَ الْمَنْطِقِ قَرِيبَ الْخُطَى إِذَا مَشَى وَ سَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ إِلَى آخِرِ مَا مَرَّ فِي صَدْرِ الْبَابِ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى إِدْرِيسَ ع ثَلَاثِينَ صَحِيفَةً وَ هُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ خَطَّ بِالْقَلَمِ وَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ خَاطَ الثِّيَابَ وَ لَبِسَهَا وَ كَانَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَهُ يَلْبَسُونَ الْجُلُودَ وَ كَانَ كُلَّمَا خَاطَ سَبَّحَ اللَّهَ وَ هَلَّلَهُ وَ كَبَّرَهُ وَ وَحَّدَهُ وَ مَجَّدَهُ وَ كَانَ يَصْعَدُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ مِنْ عَمَلِهِ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِثْلُ أَعْمَالِ أَهْلِ زَمَانِهِ كُلِّهِمْ قَالَ وَ كَانَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ فِي زَمَانِ إِدْرِيسَ ع يُصَافِحُونَ النَّاسَ وَ يُسَلِّمُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ يُكَلِّمُونَهُمْ وَ يُجَالِسُونَهُمْ وَ ذَلِكَ لِصَلَاحِ الزَّمَانِ وَ أَهْلِهِ فَلَمْ يَزَلِ النَّاسُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ حَتَّى كَانَ زَمَنُ نُوحٍ ع وَ قَوْمِهِ ثُمَّ انْقَطَعَ ذَلِكَ وَ كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ مَعَ مَلَكِ الْمَوْتِ مَا كَانَ حَتَّى دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَبُّهُ إِنَّ إِدْرِيسَ إِنَّمَا حَاجَّكَ فَحَجَّكَ بِوَحْيِي وَ أَنَا الَّذِي هَيَّأْتُ لَهُ تَعْجِيلَ دُخُولِ الْجَنَّةِ فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ يُنْصِبُ نَفْسَهُ وَ جَسَدَهُ يُتْعِبُهُمَا لِي فَكَانَ حَقّاً عَلَيَّ أَنْ أُعَوِّضَهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الرَّاحَةَ وَ الطُّمَأْنِينَةَ وَ أَنْ أُبَوِّئَهُ بِتَوَاضُعِهِ لِي وَ بِصَالِحِ عِبَادَتِي مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ مَقْعَداً وَ مَكَاناً عَلِيّاً
(Judeo Christian literature)[162]
10- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ إِلَى الصَّدُوقِ عَنِ الصَّائِغِ عَنِ ابْنِ زَكَرِيَّا الْقَطَّانِ عَنِ ابْنِ حَبِيبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُهْلُولٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع قَالَ: إِذَا دَخَلْتَ الْكُوفَةَ فَأْتِ مَسْجِدَ السَّهْلَةِ فَصَلِّ فِيهِ وَ اسْأَلِ اللَّهَ حَاجَتَكَ لِدِينِكَ وَ دُنْيَاكَ فَإِنَّ مَسْجِدَ السَّهْلَةِ بَيْتُ إِدْرِيسَ النَّبِيِّ ع الَّذِي كَانَ يَخِيطُ فِيهِ وَ يُصَلِّي فِيهِ وَ مَنْ دَعَا اللَّهَ فِيهِ بِمَا أَحَبَّ قَضَى لَهُ حَوَائِجَهُ وَ رَفَعَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مَكَاناً عَلِيّاً إِلَى دَرَجَةِ إِدْرِيسَ ع وَ أُجِيرَ مِنْ مَكْرُوهِ الدُّنْيَا وَ مَكَايِدِ أَعْدَائِهِ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By the chain to Al Sadouq, from Al Saig, from Ibn Zakariya al Qatan, from Ibn Habeeb, from Ibn Bahloul, from his father, from Ibn Mihran,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws having said: ‘When you enter Al-Kufa, then go to Masjid Al-Sahla and pray Salat in it and ask your need of your Religion and your world, for Masjid Al-Sahla is a house of Idrees-as the Prophet-as in which he-as used to do tailoring in it and praying Salat in it; and the one who supplicates in it with what he loves, his needs would be Fulfilled for him, and he would be raised to a high place on the Day of Qiyamah, to the rank of Idrees-as, and would be save from the abhorrence(s) of the world and plots of his enemies.[163]
11- أَقُولُ ثُمَّ نَقَلَ السَّيِّدُ عَنِ الصُّحُفِ مَا يُخَاطِبُ اللَّهُ نَبِيَّنَا ص يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ سَيَأْتِي فِي بَابِ الْبَشَائِرِ مِنْ كِتَابِ أَحْوَالِهِ ص ثُمَّ قَالَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ وَجَدْتُ فِي كِتَابٍ مُفْرَدٍ فِي وَقْفِ الْمَشْهَدِ الْمُسَمَّى بِالطَّاهِرِ بِالْكُوفَةِ عَلَيْهِ مَكْتُوبٌ سُنَنُ إِدْرِيسَ ع وَ هُوَ بِخَطِّ عِيسَى نَقَلَهُ مِنَ السُّرْيَانِيِّ إِلَى الْعَرَبِيِّ- عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هِلَالٍ الصَّابِئِ الْكَاتِبِ وَ كَانَ فِيهِ اعْلَمُوا وَ اسْتَيْقِنُوا أَنَّ تَقْوَى اللَّهِ هِيَ الْحِكْمَةُ الْكُبْرَى وَ النِّعْمَةُ الْعُظْمَى وَ السَّبَبُ الدَّاعِي إِلَى الْخَيْرِ وَ الْفَاتِحُ لِأَبْوَابِ الْخَيْرِ وَ الْفَهْمِ وَ الْعَقْلِ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ لَمَّا أَحَبَّ عِبَادَهُ وَهَبَ لَهُمُ الْعَقْلَ وَ اخْتَصَّ أَنْبِيَاءَهُ وَ أَوْلِيَاءَهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ فَكَشَفُوا لَهُمْ عَنْ سَرَائِرِ الدِّيَانَةِ وَ حَقَائِقِ الْحِكْمَةِ لِيَنْتَهُوا عَنِ الضَّلَالِ وَ يَتَّبِعُوا الرَّشَادَ لِيَتَقَرَّرَ فِي نُفُوسِهِمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ أَنْ تُحِيطَ بِهِ الْأَفْكَارُ أَوْ تُدْرِكَهُ الْأَبْصَارُ أَوْ تُحَصِّلَهُ الْأَوْهَامُ أَوْ تَحُدَّهُ الْأَحْوَالُ وَ أَنَّهُ الْمُحِيطُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَ الْمُدَبِّرُ لَهُ كَمَا شَاءَ لَا يُتَعَقَّبُ أَفْعَالُهُ وَ لَا تُدْرَكُ غَايَاتُهُ وَ لَا يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِ تَحْدِيدٌ وَ لَا تَحْصِيلٌ وَ لَا مُشَارٌ وَ لَا اعْتِبَارٌ وَ لَا فَطْنٌ وَ لَا تَفْسِيرٌ وَ لَا تَنْتَهِي اسْتِطَاعَةُ الْمَخْلُوقِينَ إِلَى مَعْرِفَةِ ذَاتِهِ وَ لَا عِلْمِ كُنْهِهِ وَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ الْمَذْكُورِ ادْعُوا اللَّهَ فِي أَكْثَرِ أَوْقَاتِكُمْ مُتَعَاضِدِينَ مُتَأَلِّهِينَ فِي دُعَائِكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ إِنْ يَعْلَمْ مِنْكُمُ التَّظَافُرَ وَ التَّوَازُرَ يُجِبْ دُعَاءَكُمْ وَ يَقْضِ حَاجَاتِكُمْ وَ يُبَلِّغْكُمْ آمَالَكُمْ وَ يُفِضْ عَطَايَاهُ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ خَزَائِنِهِ الَّتِي لَا تَفْنَى وَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ إِذَا دَخَلْتُمْ فِي الصِّيَامِ فَطَهِّرُوا نُفُوسَكُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ دَنَسٍ وَ نَجَسٍ وَ صُومُوا لِلَّهِ بِقُلُوبٍ خَالِصَةٍ صَافِيَةٍ مُنَزَّهَةٍ عَنِ الْأَفْكَارِ السَّيِّئَةِ وَ الْهَوَاجِسِ الْمُنْكَرَةِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ سَيَحْبِسُ الْقُلُوبَ اللَّطِخَةَ وَ النِّيَّاتِ الْمَدْخُولَةَ وَ مَعَ صِيَامِ أَفْوَاهِكُمْ مِنَ الْمَآكِلِ فَلْتَصُمْ جَوَارِحُكُمْ مِنَ الْمَآثِمِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَرْضَى مِنْكُمْ أَنْ تَصُومُوا مِنَ الْمَطَاعِمِ فَقَطْ لَكِنْ مِنَ الْمَنَاكِيرِ كُلِّهَا وَ الْفَوَاحِشِ بِأَسْرِهَا وَ إِذَا دَخَلْتُمْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَاصْرِفُوا لَهَا خَوَاطِرَكُمْ وَ أَفْكَارَكُمْ وَ ادْعُوا اللَّهَ دُعَاءً طَاهِراً مُتَفَرِّغاً وَ سَلُوهُ مَصَالِحَكُمْ وَ مَنَافِعَكُمْ بِخُضُوعٍ وَ خُشُوعٍ وَ طَاعَةٍ وَ اسْتِكَانَةٍ وَ إِذَا بَرَكْتُمْ وَ سَجَدْتُمْ فَأَبْعِدُوا عَنْ نُفُوسِكُمْ أَفْكَارَ الدُّنْيَا وَ هَوَاجِسَ السُّوءِ وَ أَفْعَالَ
(P.S. – This is not a Hadeeth)[164]
12- كا، الكافي الْعِدَّةُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: مَسْجِدُ السَّهْلَةِ مَوْضِعُ بَيْتِ إِدْرِيسَ النَّبِيِّ ع الَّذِي كَانَ يَخِيطُ فِيهِ
‘Al-Kafi’ – The number, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ahmad bin Abu Dawood, from Abdullah Bin Aban,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Masjid Al-Sahla is the place of the house of Idrees-as the Prophet-as in which he-as used to sew.[165]
13- كا، الكافي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ بَكْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْهُ ع مِثْلَهُ
‘Al-Kafi’ – Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Amro bin Usman, from Husayn Bin Bakr, from Abdul Rahman Bin Saeed,
‘From him-asws – similar to it.[166]
أبواب قصص نوح على نبينا و آله و عليه السلام
CHAPTERS ON STORY OF NOAH-as
باب 1 مدة عمره و ولادته و وفاته و علل تسميته و نقش خاتمه و جمل أحواله ع
CHAPTER 1 – PERIOD OF HIS-as AGE, AND HIS-as BIRTH, AND REASON OF HIS-as NAME, AND ENGRAVING OF HIS-as RING, AND A SUMMARY OF HIS-as SITUATIONS
1- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام لي، الأمالي للصدوق أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْكُوفِيِّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي الْعُقْبَةِ- (الْعَقِبِ خ) عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنِ الرِّضَا ع قَالَ: إِنَّ نُوحاً ع لَمَّا رَكِبَ السَّفِينَةَ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهِ يَا نُوحُ إِنْ خِفْتَ الْغَرَقَ فَهَلِّلْنِي أَلْفاً ثُمَّ سَلْنِي النَّجَاةَ أُنْجِكَ مِنَ الْغَرَقِ وَ مَنْ آمَنَ مَعَكَ
‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’ – My father, from Sa’ad, from Al Barqy, from Muhammad Bin Ali Al Kufy, from Al Hassan Ibn Ali Bin Abu Al Aqaba, from Al-Husayn Bin Khalid,
‘From Al-Reza-asws having said: ‘When Noah-as sailed the ship, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed to him-as: “O Noah-as! If you-as fear the drowning then extol My-azwj Holiness a thousand (times), then ask Me-azwj for the rescue from the drowning and (for) the ones who believe with you-as.
قَالَ فَلَمَّا اسْتَوَى نُوحٌ وَ مَنْ مَعَهُ فِي السَّفِينَةِ وَ رَفَعَ الْقَلْسَ عَصَفَتِ الرِّيحُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَلَمْ يَأْمَنْ نُوحٌ الْغَرَقَ فَأَعْجَلَتْهُ الرِّيحُ فَلَمْ يُدْرِكْ أَنْ يُهَلِّلَ أَلْفَ مَرَّةٍ فَقَالَ بِالسُّرْيَانِيَّةِ هلوليا أَلْفاً أَلْفاً يَا ماريا أتقن
He-asws said: ‘When Noah-as and the one with him-as were sitting in the ship, and he-as raised the rope, there was a stormy wind upon them. Noah-as did not feel safe from the drowning, and the wind hastened to him-as and he-as did not have the opportunity to extol the Holiness a thousand times, so he-as said in Assyrian: ‘Haluliya, a thousand thousand, Ya Mariya Atqan’.
قَالَ فَاسْتَوَى الْقَلْسُ وَ اسْتَمَرَّتِ السَّفِينَةُ فَقَالَ نُوحٌ ع إِنَّ كَلَاماً نَجَّانِيَ اللَّهُ بِهِ مِنَ الْغَرَقِ لَحَقِيقٌ أَنْ لَا يُفَارِقَنِي
He-asws said: ‘The rope evened out and the ship continued. Noah-as said: ‘The phrased which Allah-azwj Rescued me-as by from the drowning, it is rightful that it does not separate from me-as’.
قَالَ فَنَقَشَ فِي خَاتَمِهِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ أَلْفَ مَرَّةٍ يَا رَبِّ أَصْلِحْنِي الْخَبَرَ
He-asws said: ‘The engraving in his-as ring was: “There is no god except Allah-azwj – a thousand times – O Lord-azwj, Correct Me-azwj” – the Hadeeth’.[167]
2- لي، الأمالي للصدوق الْهَمْدَانِيُّ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع قَالَ: عَاشَ نُوحٌ ع أَلْفَيْ سَنَةٍ وَ خَمْسَمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ مِنْهَا ثَمَانُمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ وَ خَمْسُونَ سَنَةً قَبْلَ أَنْ يُبْعَثَ وَ أَلْفُ سَنَةٍ إِلَّا خَمْسِينَ عَاماً وَ هُوَ فِي قَوْمِهِ يَدْعُوهُمْ وَ مِائَتَا عَامٍ فِي عَمَلِ السَّفِينَةِ وَ خَمْسُمِائَةِ عَامٍ بَعْدَ مَا نَزَلَ مِنَ السَّفِينَةِ وَ نَضَبَ الْمَاءُ فَمَصَّرَ الْأَمْصَارَ وَ أَسْكَنَ وُلْدَهُ الْبُلْدَانَ
‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – Al Hamdany, from Ali, from his father, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Hisham Bin Salim,
‘From Al-Sadiq Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws having said: ‘The life span of Noah-as was of two thousand and three hundred years, of which eight hundred and fifty were spent before he-as was Sent (as a Prophet-as), and a thousand years less fifty years (950) was whilst he-as was among his-as people calling them, and five hundred years were after he-as had disembarked from the ship, and the water subsided, so he-as built the cities and settled his-as children in them.
ثُمَّ إِنَّ مَلَكَ الْمَوْتِ جَاءَهُ وَ هُوَ فِي الشَّمْسِ فَقَالَ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ نُوحٌ ع وَ قَالَ لَهُ مَا حَاجَتُكَ يَا مَلَكَ الْمَوْتِ
Then the Angel of death came whilst he-as was in the open sun and said: ‘Peace be upon you-as!’ Noah-as returned (the greeting) and said: ‘What made you to come, O Angel of Death?’
فَقَالَ جِئْتُ لِأَقْبِضَ رُوحَكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ تَدَعُنِي أَدْخُلُ مِنَ الشَّمْسِ إِلَى الظِّلِ فَقَالَ لَهُ نَعَمْ فَتَحَوَّلَ نُوحٌ ع ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مَلَكَ الْمَوْتِ فَكَأَنَّ مَا مَرَّ بِي فِي الدُّنْيَا مِثْلُ تَحَوُّلِي مِنَ الشَّمْسِ إِلَى الظِّلِّ فَامْضِ لِمَا أُمِرْتَ بِهِ قَالَ فَقَبَضَ رُوحَهُ ع
He said: ‘I came to you-as to capture your-as soul’. He-as said: ‘Leave me whilst I-asws come out from the open sun and enter into the shade’. He said to him-as; ‘Yes’. He-as transferred himself-as, then said: ‘O Angel of Death! All of what has passed by me-as from the (life of the) world is like my-as transfer from the open sun into the shade. So, fulfil the task you have been Commanded to’. He captured his-as soul.[168]
3- ع، علل الشرائع ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام سَأَلَ الشَّامِيُّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع عَنِ اسْمِ نُوحٍ ع مَا كَانَ فَقَالَ اسْمُهُ السَّكَنُ وَ إِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ نُوحاً لِأَنَّهُ نَاحَ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ إِلَّا خَمْسِينَ عاماً
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – The Syrian asked Amir Al-Momineen-asws about the name of Noah-as, ‘What was it?’ He-asws said: ‘His-as name is ‘Al-Sakn’, and rather he-as is named as ‘Noah’ because he-as lamented (Noah) upon his-as people for a thousand years less fifty years.[169]
4- ع، علل الشرائع أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْمِيثَمِيِّ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: كَانَ اسْمُ نُوحٍ ع عَبْدَ الْغَفَّارِ وَ إِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ نُوحاً لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ يَنُوحُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – My father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Isa, from Ibn Marouf, from Ali Bin Mahziyar, from Ahmad Bin Al Hassan Al Maysami, from the one who mentioned it,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The name of Noah-as was ‘Abdul Ghaffar’, and rather he-asws is called ‘Noah’ because he-as lamented upon himself-as.[170]
5- ع، علل الشرائع ابْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جَنَاحٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: كَانَ اسْمُ نُوحٍ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ وَ إِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ نُوحاً لِأَنَّهُ بَكَى خَمْسَ مِائَةِ سَنَةٍ
Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Ibn Isa, from Ibn Abu Najran, from Saeed Bin Junah, from one of our companions,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The name of Noah was ‘Abdul Malik’, and rather he-as is called ‘Noah’ because he cried for five hundred years.[171]
6- ع، علل الشرائع أَبِي عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أُورَمَةَ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جَنَاحٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: كَانَ اسْمُ نُوحٍ عَبْدَ الْأَعْلَى وَ إِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ نُوحاً لِأَنَّهُ بَكَى خَمْسَمِائَةِ عَامٍ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – My father, from Muhammad Al Attar, from Ibn Aban, from Ibn Awrama, from the one who mentioned it, from Saeed Ibn Janah, from a man,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The name of Noah-as was ‘Abdul A’ala’, and rather he-as is called ‘Noah’ because he-as cried for five hundred years.[172]
7- مع، معاني الأخبار مَعْنَى نُوحٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَنُوحُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَ بَكَى خَمْسَمِائَةِ عَامٍ وَ نَحَّى نَفْسَهُ عَمَّا كَانَ فِيهِ قَوْمُهُ مِنَ الضَّلَالَةِ
‘Ma’any Al Akhbaar’ – The meaning of ‘Noah’ was, he-as used to lament (Nooh) upon himself and he-as cried for five hundred years and kept himself-as away from what straying his-as people were indulging in’. [173]
8- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام كَانَ نُوحٌ ابْنَ لَمَكِ بْنِ مَتُوشَلَخَ بْنِ أَخْنُوخَ وَ هُوَ إِدْرِيسُ بْنُ يَرْدَ بْنِ مَهْلَائِيلَ بْنِ قينان بْنِ أَنُوشَ بْنِ شَيْثِ بْنِ آدَمَ ع
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya’ – ‘Noah-as was the son-as of Lamak Bin Matushalkh Bin Akhnoukh-as, and he-as is Idrees-as Bin Yard Bin Mahlail Bin Qinan Bin Anoush Bin Shees Bin Adam-as’.[174]
9- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ إِلَى الصَّدُوقِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ إِلَى وَهْبٍ قَالَ: إِنَّ نُوحاً ع كَانَ نَجَّاراً وَ كَانَ إِلَى الْأُدْمَةِ مَا هُوَ دَقِيقَ الْوَجْهِ فِي رَأْسِهِ طُولٌ عَظِيمَ الْعَيْنَيْنِ دَقِيقَ السَّاقَيْنِ كَثِيراً لَحْمُ الْفَخِذَيْنِ ضَخْمَ السُّرَّةِ طَوِيلَ اللِّحْيَةِ عَرِيضاً طَوِيلًا جَسِيماً وَ كَانَ فِي غَضَبِهِ وَ انْتِهَارِهِ شِدَّةٌ فَبَعَثَهُ اللَّهُ وَ هُوَ ابْنُ ثَمَانِمِائَةٍ وَ خَمْسِينَ سَنَةً- فَلَبِثَ فِيهِمْ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ إِلَّا خَمْسِينَ عاماً يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فَلَا يَزْدَادُونَ إِلَّا طُغْيَاناً وَ مَضَى ثَلَاثَةُ قُرُونٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ وَ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْهُمْ يَأْتِي بِابْنِهِ وَ هُوَ صَغِيرٌ فَيَقِفُهُ عَلَى رَأْسِ نُوحٍ ع فَيَقُولُ يَا بُنَيَّ إِنْ بَقِيتَ بَعْدِي فَلَا تُطِيعَنَّ هَذَا الْمَجْنُونَ
(Judeo Christian literature)[175]
10- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الصَّدُوقِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنِ الْأَسَدِيِّ عَنْ سَهْلٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَظِيمِ الْحَسَنِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَسْكَرِيَّ ع يَقُولُ عَاشَ نُوحٌ ع أَلْفَيْنِ وَ خَمْسَمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ وَ كَانَ يَوْماً فِي السَّفِينَةِ نَائِماً فَهَبَّتْ رِيحٌ فَكَشَفَتْ عَوْرَتَهُ فَضَحِكَ حَامٌ وَ يَافِثُ فَزَجَرَهُمَا سَامٌ وَ نَهَاهُمَا عَنِ الضَّحِكِ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By the chain from Al Sadouq, from Ali Bin Ahmad, from Al Asady, from Sahl, from Abdul Azeem Al Hasny who said,
‘I heard Ali-asws Bin Muhammad Al-Askari-asws saying: ‘Noah-as live for two thousand and five hundred years. One day he-as was sleeping in the ship and a wind descended and uncovered his-as private part. Haam and Yaafas laughed, so Saam-as rebuked them both and forbade them from the laughing.
فَانْتَبَهَ نُوحٌ ع وَ قَالَ لَهُمَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ ذُرِّيَّتَكُمَا خَوَلًا لِذُرِّيَةِ سَامٍ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ لِأَنَّهُ بَرَّ بِي وَ عَقَقْتُمَانِي فَلَا زَالَتْ سِمَةُ عُقُوقِكُمَا فِي ذُرِّيَّتِكُمَا ظَاهِرَةً وَ سِمَةُ الْبِرِّ فِي ذُرِّيَّةِ سَامٍ ظَاهِرَةً مَا بَقِيَتِ الدُّنْيَا
Noah-as awoke and said to them: ‘May Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Make your offspring to be slaves of the offspring of Saam-as up to the Day of Qiyamah, because he was righteous with me-as and covered me-as. The trait of your disloyalty will not cease to be apparent in both your offspring, and the trait of righteousness being apparent in the offspring of Saam-as, for as long as the world remains’.
فَجَمِيعُ السُّودَانِ حَيْثُ كَانُوا مِنْ وُلْدِ حَامٍ وَ جَمِيعُ التُّرْكِ وَ الصَّقَالِبَةِ وَ يَأْجُوجَ وَ مَأْجُوجَ وَ الصِّينِ مِنْ يَافِثَ حَيْثُ كَانُوا وَ جَمِيعُ الْبِيضِ سِوَاهُمْ مِنْ وُلْدِ سَامٍ
Thus, the entirety of the black people, wherever they may be, are from the children of Haam, and the entirety of the Turks and the Saqalbah, and Gog and Magog, and the Chinese are from Yaafas wherever they may be, and the entirety of the white besides them are from the children of Saam-as.
وَ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَى نُوحٍ ع أَنِّي قَدْ جَعَلْتُ قَوْسِي أَمَاناً لِعِبَادِيَ وَ بِلَادِي وَ مَوْثِقاً مِنِّي بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَ خَلْقِي يَأْمَنُونَ بِهِ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ مِنَ الْغَرَقِ وَ مَنْ أَوْفَى بِعَهْدِهِ مِنِّي
And Allah-azwj the Exalted Revealed to Noah-as: “I-azwj have made Qowsy secure for My-azwj servant and as My-azwj country and as a reliance from Me-azwj between Me-azwj and My-azwj creatures, being safe in it from the drowning up to the Day of Qiyamah, and the ones who are loyal with the Covenant from Me-azwj!”
فَفَرِحَ نُوحٌ ع وَ تَبَاشَرَ وَ كَانَ الْقَوْسُ فِيهَا وَتَرٌ وَ سَهْمٌ فَنَزَعَ مِنْهَا السَّهْمَ وَ الْوَتَرَ وَ جُعِلَتْ أَمَاناً مِنَ الْغَرَقِ وَ جَاءَ إِبْلِيسُ إِلَى نُوحٍ ع فَقَالَ إِنَّ لَكَ عِنْدِي يَداً عَظِيمَةً فَانْتَصِحْنِي فَإِنِّي لَا أَخُونُكَ فَتَأَثَّمَ نُوحٌ ع بِكَلَامِهِ وَ مُسَاءَلَتِهِ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ كَلِّمْهُ وَ سَلْهُ فَإِنِّي سَأُنْطِقُهُ بِحُجَّةٍ عَلَيْهِ
Noah-as rejoiced and was cheerful, and Al-Qows, therein were bows and arrows, and the arrows and the bows were removed from it, and it was made safe from the drowning. And Iblees-la came to Noah-as and said, ‘There is a great hand for you-as with me-la, so take my-la advice, I-la will not betray you-as’. But Noah-as shunned speaking with him-la and asking him-la. Allah-azwj Revealed to him-as: “Speak to him-la and ask him-la, and I-azwj will Speak to him-la with an argument against him-la”.
فَقَالَ نُوحٌ ع تَكَلَّمْ فَقَالَ إِبْلِيسُ إِذَا وَجَدْنَا ابْنَ آدَمَ شَحِيحاً أَوْ حَرِيصاً أَوْ حَسُوداً أَوْ جَبَّاراً أَوْ عَجُولًا تَلَقَّفْنَاهُ تَلَقُّفَ الْكُرَةِ فَإِنِ اجْتَمَعَتْ لَنَا هَذِهِ الْأَخْلَاقُ سَمَّيْنَاهُ شَيْطَاناً مَرِيداً
Noah-as said: ‘Speak’. Iblees-la said, ‘Whenever we find a son of Adam-as either as miserly, or greedy, or envious, or tyrannous, or hasty, we title him ‘Quick of the manner’, but if these mannerisms are gathered for us, we are called Satans, apostates’.
فَقَالَ نُوحٌ مَا الْيَدُ الْعَظِيمَةُ الَّتِي صَنَعْتُ قَالَ إِنَّكَ دَعَوْتَ اللَّهَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ فَأَلْحَقْتَهُمْ فِي سَاعَةٍ بِالنَّارِ فَصِرْتُ فَارِغاً وَ لَوْ لَا دَعْوَتُكَ لَشُغِلْتُ بِهِمْ دَهْراً طَوِيلًا
Noah-as said: ‘What is the great hand which you did?’ He-la said, ‘You-as supplicated to Allah-azwj against the people of the earth, they were crushed in a moment with the fire, and I-la became free, and if you-as had not supplicated, I-la would have been pre-occupied with them for a long time.[176]
11- ك، إكمال الدين مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ وَ ابْنُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ وَ الْعَطَّارُ جَمِيعاً عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أُورَمَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ وَ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو مَعاً عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي الدَّيْلَمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: عَاشَ نُوحٌ ع بَعْدَ النُّزُولِ مِنَ السَّفِينَةِ خَمْسِينَ سَنَةً ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع فَقَالَ يَا نُوحُ إِنَّهُ قَدِ انْقَضَتْ نُبُوَّتُكَ وَ اسْتَكْمَلْتَ أَيَّامَكَ فَانْظُرِ الِاسْمَ الْأَكْبَرَ وَ مِيرَاثَ الْعِلْمِ وَ آثَارَ عِلْمِ النُّبُوَّةِ الَّتِي مَعَكَ فَادْفَعْهَا إِلَى ابْنِكَ سَامٍ فَإِنِّي لَا أَتْرُكُ الْأَرْضَ إِلَّا وَ فِيهَا عَالِمٌ يُعْرَفُ بِهِ طَاعَتِي وَ يَكُونُ نَجَاةً فِيمَا بَيْنَ قَبْضِ النَّبِيِّ وَ بَعْثِ النَّبِيِّ الْآخَرِ وَ لَمْ أَكُنْ أَتْرُكُ النَّاسَ بِغَيْرِ حُجَّةٍ وَ دَاعٍ إِلَيَّ وَ هَادٍ إِلَى سَبِيلِي وَ عَارِفٍ بِأَمْرِي فَإِنِّي قَدْ قَضَيْتُ أَنْ أَجْعَلَ لِكُلِّ قَوْمٍ هَادِياً أَهْدِي بِهِ السُّعَدَاءَ وَ يَكُونُ حَجَّةً عَلَى الْأَشْقِيَاءِ
‘Ikmal Al Deen’ – Majaylawiya, and Ibn Al Mutawakkal, and Al Attar altogether, from Muhammad al Ataar, from Ibn Aban, from Ibn Awrama, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Ismail Bin Jabir and Abdul Kareem Bin Amro both together, from Abdul Hameed Bin Abu Al Daylam,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘After the descend from the ship, Noah-as lived for fifty years. Then Jibraeel-as came to him-as and said: ‘O Noah-as! Your-azwj Prophet-hood has expired and your-as days are completed, therefore look at the Greatest Name, and inheritance of the knowledge, and the effects of the knowledge of the Prophet-hood which is with you-as and hand these over to your-as son Saam-as-as, for I-azwj do not leave the earth except and there is a knowledgeable one therein obedience to Me-azwj can be recognised by, and he would happen to be a salvation in what is between a death of the Prophet-as after the other Prophet-as, and I-azwj do not leave the people without a Divine Authority and a caller to Me-azwj, and a guide to My-azwj Way and a recogniser of My-azwj Commands, for I-azwj have Decreed to Make a guide for every people guiding by him that fortunate ones, and he would become a Divine Authority against the wretched ones!”
قَالَ فَدَفَعَ نُوحٌ ع الِاسْمَ الْأَكْبَرَ وَ مِيرَاثَ الْعِلْمِ وَ آثَارَ عِلْمِ النُّبُوَّةِ إِلَى ابْنِهِ سَامٍ فَأَمَّا حَامٌ وَ يَافِثُ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُمَا عِلْمٌ يَنْتَفِعَانِ بِهِ
He-asws said: ‘Noah-as handed over to him-as the Greatest Name, and inheritance of the knowledge, and effects of the knowledge of the Prophet-hood to his-as son-as Saam-as-as. As for Haam and Yaafas, there did not happen to be any knowledge with them they could benefit with’.
قَالَ وَ بَشَّرَهُمْ نُوحٌ بِهُودٍ ع وَ أَمَرَهُمْ بِاتِّبَاعِهِ وَ أَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَفْتَحُوا الْوَصِيَّةَ كُلَّ عَامٍ فَيَنْظُرُوا فِيهَا فَيَكُونَ ذَلِكَ عِيداً لَهُمْ كَمَا أَمَرَهُمْ آدَمُ ع
He-asws said: ‘And Noah-as gave them glad tidings of Hud-as and ordered them with following him-as, and ordered them that they should open the bequest every year and look into it, and that would become an Eid (festival) for them just as Adam-as had ordered them’.
قَالَ وَ ظَهَرَتِ الْجَبَرِيَّةُ فِي وُلْدِ حَامٍ وَ يَافِثَ وَ اسْتَخْفَى وُلْدُ سَامٍ بِمَا عِنْدَهُمْ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ وَ جَرَتْ عَلَى سَامٍ بَعْدَ نُوحٍ الدَّوْلَةُ لِحَامٍ وَ يَافِثَ وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ تَرَكْنا عَلَيْهِ فِي الْآخِرِينَ يَقُولُ تَرَكْتُ عَلَى نُوحٍ دَوْلَةَ الْجَبَّارِينَ
He-asws said: ‘And the fatalism appeared among the children of Haam and Yaafas, and the children of Saam-as-as concealed what was with them from the knowledge, and there flowed upon Saam-as-as, after Noah-as, the government of Haam and Yaafas, and it is the Word of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: And upon it, We Left (his mention to be) among the later ones [37:78]. He-azwj is Saying that there was left upon Noah-as the government of the tyrants.
وَ يُعَزِّي اللَّهُ مُحَمَّداً ص بِذَلِكَ وَ وُلْدُ الْحَامِ السِّنْدُ وَ الْهِنْدُ وَ الْحَبَشُ وَ وُلْدُ السَّامِ الْعَرَبُ وَ الْعَجَمُ وَ جَرَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الدَّوْلَةُ وَ كَانُوا يَتَوَارَثُونَ الْوَصِيَّةَ عَالِمٌ بَعْدَ عَالِمٍ حَتَّى بَعَثَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ هُوداً
And Allah-azwj Consoled Muhammad-saww with that. And the children of Haam are Al-Sind (Pakistan), and Al-Hind (India), and Al-Habash (Ethiopia); and the children of Saam-as are the Arabs, and the Persians, and the government flowed upon them, and they were inheriting the bequest, a knowledgeable one after a knowledgeable one until Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Sent Hud-as.[177]
12- ك، إكمال الدين مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أُورَمَةَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جَنَاحٍ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: كَانَتْ أَعْمَارُ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ ثَلَاثَمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ ثَلَاثَمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ
‘Ikmal Al Deen’ – Majaylawiya, from Muhammad Al Attar, from Ibn Aban, from Ibn Awrama, from Saeed Bin Janah, from Ayoub Bin Rashid, from a man,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The ages of the people of Noah-as was three hundred years, three hundred years.[178]
13- ك، إكمال الدين أَبِي عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ وَ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ مَعاً عَنِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص قَالَ: عَاشَ نُوحٌ أَلْفَيْ سَنَةٍ وَ أَرْبَعَمِائَةٍ وَ خَمْسِينَ سَنَةً
‘Ikmal Al Deen’ – My father, from Ahmad Bin Idrees and Muhammad Al Attar both together, from Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Yusuf,
‘Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws, from the Prophet-saww having said: ‘Noah-as lived for one thousand four hundred and fifty years.[179]
CHAPTER 2 – HIS-as NOBLE MANNERS AND WHAT FLOWED BETWEEN HIM-as AND IBLEES-la AND THE SITUATION OF HIS-as CHILDREN AND WHAT WAS REVEALED TO HIM-as AND WERE ISSUED FROM HIM-as FROM THE JUDGMENTS AND THE SUPPLILCATIONS AND OTHER SUCH THINGS
الآيات الإسراء ذُرِّيَّةَ مَنْ حَمَلْنا مَعَ نُوحٍ إِنَّهُ كانَ عَبْداً شَكُوراً
The Verses – (Surah) Al Asra’a: (O) Offspring of the ones We Carried with Noah! Surely, he was a grateful servant [17:3]
وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع أَنَّ نُوحاً كَانَ إِذَا أَصْبَحَ وَ أَمْسَى قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُشْهِدُكَ أَنَّ مَا أَصْبَحَ أَوْ أَمْسَى بِي مِنْ نِعْمَةٍ فِي دِينٍ أَوْ دُنْيَا فَمِنْكَ وَحْدَكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ وَ لَكَ الشُّكْرُ بِهَا عَلَيَّ حَتَّى تَرْضَى وَ بَعْدَ الرِّضَى فَهَذَا كَانَ شُكْرَهُ
Notes –
And it is reported from Abu Abdullah-asws and Abu Ja’far-asws: ‘Whenever it was morning and evening Noah-as would say: ‘O Allah-azwj! I-as keep You-asws as Witness that there has neither been a morning or evening for me with a bounty in religion or world, it is from You-asws Alone, there is no associate for You-asws! For You-asws is the Praise and for You-asws is the appreciation for it until You-asws are Pleased and after the Pleasure!’- This was his-as gratefulness’.
1- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام بِالْأَسَانِيدِ الثَّلَاثَةِ عَنِ الرِّضَا عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع قَالَ: أَخَذَ النَّاسُ ثَلَاثَةً مِنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ أَخَذُوا الصَّبْرَ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ وَ الشُّكْرَ عَنْ نُوحٍ وَ الْحَسَدَ عَنْ بَنِي يَعْقُوبَ
‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’ – By the three chains,
‘From Al-Reza-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws, from Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws having said: ‘The people took three from three – they took the patience from Ayoub-as, and the thanks from Noah-as, and the envy from the sons of Yaqoub-as.[180]
2- ع، علل الشرائع أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْبَزَنْطِيِّ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ نُوحاً إِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ عَبْداً شَكُوراً لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ إِذَا أَصْبَحَ وَ أَمْسَى اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنَّهُ مَا أَمْسَى وَ أَصْبَحَ بِي مِنْ نِعْمَةٍ أَوْ عَافِيَةٍ فِي دِينٍ أَوْ دُنْيَا فَمِنْكَ وَحْدَكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ وَ الشُّكْرُ بِهَا عَلَيَّ حَتَّى تَرْضَى إِلَهَنَا
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – My father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Isa, from Al Bazanty, from Aban Bin Usman, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘But rather Noah-as is Called a grateful servant [17:3] because he-as was saying whenever it was morning and evening: ‘O Allah-azwj! I-as testify that whatever has come to me from a Bounty or good health, from Religion or world, so it is from You-azwj Alone, there being no associates for You-azwj. For You-azwj is the Praise, and for You-azwj is the gratefulness for it upon me until You-azwj are Pleased, our Lord-azwj![181]
3- فس، تفسير القمي أَبِي عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شَمِرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: كَانَ نُوحٌ إِذَا أَمْسَى وَ أَصْبَحَ يَقُولُ أَمْسَيْتُ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّهُ مَا أَمْسَى بِي مِنْ نِعْمَةٍ فِي دِينٍ أَوْ دُنْيَا فَإِنَّهَا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ لَهُ الْحَمْدُ بِهَا عَلَيَّ وَ الشُّكْرُ كَثِيراً- فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ إِنَّهُ كانَ عَبْداً شَكُوراً فَهَذَا كَانَ شُكْرَهُ
My father, from Ahmad Bin Al Nazar, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Noah-as, whenever it was evening and morning, was saying: ‘I-as testify that whatever Bounty which has come to me-as, so it is from Allah-azwj, One-azwj with not associates for Him-azwj. For Him-azwj is the Praise having (Conferred) upon me-as with it, and the abundant thanks!’ Allah-azwj Revealed: Surely he was a grateful servant [17:3]. This was his-as gratefulness.[182]
4- ع، علل الشرائع الدَّقَّاقُ عَنِ الْأَسَدِيِّ عَنْ سَهْلٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَظِيمِ الْحَسَنِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَسْكَرِيَّ ع يَقُولُ عَاشَ نُوحٌ ع أَلْفَيْنِ وَ خَمْسَمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ وَ كَانَ يَوْماً فِي السَّفِينَةِ نَائِماً فَهَبَّتْ رِيحٌ فَكَشَفَتْ عَوْرَتَهُ فَضَحِكَ حَامٌ وَ يَافِثُ فَزَجَرَهُمَا سَامٌ وَ نَهَاهُمَا عَنِ الضَّحِكِ وَ كَانَ كُلَّمَا غَطَّى سَامٌ شَيْئاً تَكْشِفُهُ الرِّيحُ كَشَفَهُ حَامٌ وَ يَافِثُ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – Al Daqaq, from Al Asady, from Sahl, from Abdul Azeem Al Hasny who said,
‘I heard Ali-asws Bin Muhammad Al-Askari-asws saying: ‘Noah-as lived for two thousand and five hundred years, and one day he-as was sleeping in the ship, and a wind descended and it uncovered his-as modesty. Haam and Yaafas laughed, but Saam-as rebuked them both and forbade them from the laughing. And it so happened that every time Saam-as came with something to cover him-as which the wind had uncovered, Haam and Yaafas would uncover it.
فَانْتَبَهَ نُوحٌ ع فَرَآهُمْ وَ هُمْ يَضْحَكُونَ فَقَالَ مَا هَذَا فَأَخْبَرَهُ سَامٌ بِمَا كَانَ فَرَفَعَ نُوحٌ ع يَدَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ يَدْعُو وَ يَقُولُ اللَّهُمَّ غَيِّرْ مَاءَ صُلْبِ حَامٍ حَتَّى لَا يُولَدَ لَهُ إِلَّا السُّودَانُ اللَّهُمَّ غَيِّرْ مَاءَ صُلْبِ يَافِثَ
Noah-as woke up and saw them while they were laughing. He-as said: ‘What is this?’ Saam-as informed him-as with what had happened. Noah-as raised his-as hands towards the sky and supplicated, saying: ‘O Allah-azwj! Change the water in the loins of Haam until there will not be born for him except the black. O Allah-azwj! Change the water of the loins of Yaafas!’
فَغَيَّرَ اللَّهُ مَاءَ صُلْبَيْهِمَا فَجَمِيعُ السُّودَانِ حَيْثُ كَانُوا مِنْ حَامٍ وَ جَمِيعُ التُّرْكِ وَ الصَّقَالِبَةِ وَ يَأْجُوجُ وَ مَأْجُوجُ وَ الصِّينُ مِنْ يَافِثَ حَيْثُ كَانُوا وَ جَمِيعُ الْبِيضِ سِوَاهُمْ مِنْ سَامٍ
So, Allah-azwj Changed the water in both their loins, and so the entirety of the black people, wherever they may be, are from Haam, and the entirety of the Turks, and the Saqaliba, and Gog, and Magog, and the Chinese are from Yaafas, wherever they may be, and the entirety of the white besides them are from Saam-as.
وَ قَالَ نُوحٌ ع لِحَامٍ وَ يَافِثَ جَعَلَ ذُرِّيَّتَكُمَا خَوَلًا لِذُرِّيَةِ سَامٍ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ لِأَنَّهُ بَرَّ بِي وَ عَقَقْتُمَانِي فَلَا زَالَتْ سِمَةُ عُقُوقِكُمَا لِي فِي ذُرِّيَّتِكُمَا ظَاهِرَةً وَ سِمَةُ الْبِرِّ بِي فِي ذُرِّيَّةِ سَامٍ ظَاهِرَةً مَا بَقِيَتِ الدُّنْيَا
And Noah-as said to Haam and Yaafas: ‘Both your offspring would be made to be slaves of the offspring of Saam-as up to the Day of Qiyamah, because of his righteousness with me-as and your disloyalties with me. Tthe trait of your disloyalties to me-as would be apparent in your offspring, and the trait of the righteousness with me-as would be apparent in the offspring of Saam-as for as long as the world remains.[183]
5- ع، علل الشرائع الْهَمْدَانِيُّ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَرَّارٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ كَانَ أَبِي يَقُولُ إِنَّ نُوحاً ع حِينَ أُمِرَ بِالْغَرْسِ كَانَ إِبْلِيسُ إِلَى جَانِبِهِ فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَغْرِسَ الْعِنَبَ قَالَ هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةُ لِي فَقَالَ لَهُ نُوحٌ ع كَذَبْتَ فَقَالَ إِبْلِيسُ فَمَا لِي مِنْهَا فَقَالَ نُوحٌ ع لَكَ الثُّلُثَانِ فَمِنْ هُنَاكَ طَابَ الطِّلَاءُ عَلَى الثُّلُثِ
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – Al Hamdany, from Ali, from his father, from Ibn Marar, from yunus, from Al A’ala, from Muhammad,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘My-asws father-asws was saying that Noah-as, when he-as Commanded with the planting, Iblees-la was by his-as side. When he-as wanted to plant the grapes, he-la said: ‘This tree is for me-la’. Noah-as said to him-la: ‘You-la are lying’. Iblees-la said, ‘What is for me-la from it?’ Noah-as said: ‘For you-la is the two-thirds’. From over there, the overlay came to be upon the third.[184]
6- ع، علل الشرائع بِالْإِسْنَادِ إِلَى وَهْبٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا خَرَجَ نُوحٌ ع مِنَ السَّفِينَةِ غَرَسَ قُضْبَاناً كَانَتْ مَعَهُ فِي السَّفِينَةِ مِنَ النَّخْلِ وَ الْأَعْنَابِ وَ سَائِرِ الثِّمَارِ فَأَطْعَمَتْ مِنْ سَاعَتِهَا وَ كَانَتْ مَعَهُ حَبَلَةُ الْعِنَبِ وَ كَانَتْ آخِرَ شَيْءٍ أُخْرِجَ حَبَلَةُ الْعِنَبِ فَلَمْ يَجِدْهَا نُوحٌ ع وَ كَانَ إِبْلِيسُ قَدْ أَخَذَهَا فَخَبَأَهَا
‘Ilal Al-Sharaie’ – By the chain to Wahab (Yemeni scholar expert in Judeo Christian literature) who said, ‘When Noah-as came out from the ship, he-as planted cuttings which were with him-as in the ship – of the dates, and the grapes, and rest of the fruits. They fruitened immediately, and with him-as was a grapevine, and the last thing to be brought out was the grapevine. But, Noah-as could not find it as Iblees-la had taken it and hidden it.
فَنَهَضَ نُوحٌ ع لِيَدْخُلَ السَّفِينَةَ فَيَلْتَمِسَهَا فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ الَّذِي مَعَهُ اجْلِسْ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ سَتُؤْتَى بِهَا
Noah-as got up to enter the ship so seek it. The Angel who was with him-as, said to him-as: ‘Be seated O Prophet-as of Allah-azwj, it will be brought to you-as!’
فَجَلَسَ نُوحٌ ع فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ إِنَّ لَكَ فِيهَا شَرِيكاً فِي عَصِيرِهَا فَأَحْسِنْ مُشَارَكَتَهُ
Noah-as sat down. The Angel said to him-as: ‘There is an associate for you in it, in pressing it, so be good in dealing with him’.
قَالَ نَعَمْ لَهُ السُّبُعُ وَ لِي سِتَّةُ أَسْبَاعٍ
He-as said: ‘Yes, for him would be one-seven (shares) and for me-as would be six-seventh’.
قَالَ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ أَحْسِنْ
Then Angel said to him-as: ‘Do better, for you-as are a good-doer’.
فَأَنْتَ مُحْسِنٌ قَالَ نُوحٌ ع لَهُ السُّدُسُ وَ لِي خَمْسَةُ أَسْدَاسٍ
Noah-as said: ‘For him-as would be a sixth and for me-as would be five-sixths’.
قَالَ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ أَحْسِنْ فَأَنْتَ مُحْسِنٌ
The Angel said to him-as: ‘Do better, for you-as are a good-doer’.
قَالَ نُوحٌ ع لَهُ الْخُمُسُ وَ لِيَ الْأَرْبَعَةُ الْأَخْمَاسِ
Noah-as said: ‘For him-as would be the fifth and for me-as would be four-fifths’.
قَالَ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ أَحْسِنْ فَأَنْتَ مُحْسِنٌ
The Angel said to him-as: ‘Do better, for you-as are a good-doer’.
قَالَ نُوحٌ ع لَهُ الرُّبُعُ وَ لِي ثَلَاثَةُ أَرْبَاعٍ
Noah-as said, ‘For him-as would be the quarter and for me-as three-quarters’.
قَالَ الْمَلَكُ أَحْسِنْ فَأَنْتَ مُحْسِنٌ
The Angel said: ‘Do better, for you-as are a good-doer’.
قَالَ فَلَهُ النِّصْفُ وَ لِيَ النِّصْفُ وَ لِيَ التَّصَرُّفُ
He-as said: ‘For him-as would be the half and for me-as the half, and for me-as would be the control’.
قَالَ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ أَحْسِنْ
The Angel said to him-as: ‘Do better, for you-as are a good-doer’.
فَأَنْتَ مُحْسِنٌ قَالَ ع لِيَ الثُّلُثُ وَ لَهُ الثُّلُثَانِ
He-as said: ‘For me-as would be the third, and for him-as the two-thirds’.
فَرَضِيَ فَمَا كَانَ فَوْقَ الثُّلُثِ مِنْ طَبْخِهَا فَلِإِبْلِيسَ وَ هُوَ حَظُّهُ وَ مَا كَانَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ فَمَا دُونَهُ فَهُوَ لِنُوحٍ ع وَ هُوَ حَظُّهُ وَ ذَلِكَ الْحَلَالُ الطَّيِّبُ لِيُشْرَبَ مِنْهُ
He-as agreed. Thus, whatever was above the third from its cooking, it is for Iblees-la and it is his-la share, and whatever was from the third and whatever is less than it, it is for Noah-as, and it is his-as share, and that is Permissible, the good to be drunk from’. (Judeo-Christian literature)[185]
7- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ إِلَى الصَّدُوقِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْهَيْثَمِ عَنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ إِبْلِيسُ لِنُوحٍ ع لَكَ عِنْدِي يَدٌ سَأُعَلِّمُكَ خِصَالًا قَالَ نُوحٌ وَ مَا يَدِي عِنْدَكَ
‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’ – By the chain to Al Sadouq, from Muhammad Bin Shazan, from Ahmad Bin Usman, from Muhammad Bin Muhammad Bin Al Haris, from Salih Bin Saeed, from Abdul Haysam, from Musayyib, from Muhammad Bin Al Saib, from Abu Salih, from Ibn Abbas who said,
‘Iblees-la said to Noah-as, ‘There is a favour for you with me, so I-as shall teach you (some) characteristics’. Noah-as said: ‘And what is my-as favour with you-la?’
قَالَ دَعْوَتُكَ عَلَى قَوْمِكَ حَتَّى أَهْلَكَهُمُ اللَّهُ جَمِيعاً فَإِيَّاكَ وَ الْكِبْرَ وَ إِيَّاكَ وَ الْحِرْصَ وَ إِيَّاكَ وَ الْحَسَدَ فَإِنَّ الْكِبْرَ هُوَ الَّذِي حَمَلَنِي عَلَى أَنْ تَرَكْتُ السُّجُودَ لآِدَمَ فَأَكْفَرَنِي وَ جَعَلَنِي شَيْطَاناً رَجِيماً وَ إِيَّاكَ وَ الْحِرْصَ فَإِنَّ آدَمَ أُبِيحَ لَهُ الْجَنَّةُ وَ نُهِيَ عَنْ شَجَرَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فَحَمَلَهُ الْحِرْصُ عَلَى أَنْ أَكَلَ مِنْهَا وَ إِيَّاكَ وَ الْحَسَدَ فَإِنَّ ابْنَ آدَمَ حَسَدَ أَخَاهُ فَقَتَلَهُ
He-la said, ‘Your-as supplicating against your-as people until Allah-azwj Destroyed them all! Beware of the arrogance, and beware of the greed, and beware of the envy, for the arrogance, it is which carried me-la upon neglecting the prostration to Adam-as, so it made me-la a disbeliever and made me-la a devil, Pelted; and beware of the greed because Adam-as, the Paradise had been Legalised for him-as and he-as was Forbidden from one tree, but the greed carried him-as upon eating from it; and beware of the envy, for the son of Adam-as had envied his brother and killed him.
فَقَالَ نُوحٌ فَأَخْبِرْنِي مَتَى تَكُونُ أَقْدَرَ عَلَى ابْنِ آدَمَ قَالَ عِنْدَ الْغَضَبِ
Noah-as said: ‘Inform me-as, when are you-la able upon a son of Adam-as?’ He-la said, ‘During the anger’. (P.S. – This is not a Hadeeth)[186]
8- كا، الكافي عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: لَمَّا هَبَطَ نُوحٌ ع مِنَ السَّفِينَةِ غَرَسَ غَرْساً فَكَانَ فِيمَا غَرَسَ النَّخْلَةُ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ فَجَاءَ إِبْلِيسُ لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ فَقَلَعَهَا ثُمَّ إِنَّ نُوحاً ع عَادَ إِلَى غَرْسِهِ فَوَجَدَهُ عَلَى حَالِهِ وَ وَجَدَ النَّخْلَةَ قَدْ قُلِعَتْ وَ وَجَدَ إِبْلِيسَ عِنْدَهَا
‘Al-Kafi’ – Abu Ja’far-asws has said: ‘When Noah-as descended from the ship, planted some plants, and among what he-as planted was a vine (of grapes). Then he-as returned to his-as family. So, Iblees-la, may Allah-azwj Curse him-la, came over and uprooted it. Then Noah-as repeated planting it, but he-as (later) found it to be upon its state and the vine had been uprooted, and found Iblees-la, may Allah-azwj Curse him-la, by it.
فَأَتَاهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع فَأَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ إِبْلِيسَ لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ قَلَعَهَا فَقَالَ نُوحٌ ع لِإِبْلِيسَ لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ مَا دَعَاكَ إِلَى قَلْعِهَا فَوَ اللَّهِ مَا غَرَسْتُ غَرْساً أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ مِنْهَا وَ وَ اللَّهِ لَا أَدَعُهَا حَتَّى أَغْرِسَهَا وَ قَالَ إِبْلِيسُ لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ وَ أَنَا وَ اللَّهِ لَا أَدَعُهَا حَتَّى أَقْلَعَهَا
Jibraeel-as came to him-as and informed him-as that Iblees-la had uprooted it. Noah-as said to Iblees-la: ‘What called you to uproot it, for, by Allah-azwj, I-as did not plant a plant which was more beloved to me than it, and by Allah-azwj, I-as will not leave it until I-as plant it’. Iblees-la said, ‘And I-la, by Allah-azwj, will not leave it until I-la uproot it’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ اجْعَلْ لِي مِنْهَا نَصِيباً قَالَ فَجَعَلَ لَهُ مِنْهَا الثُّلُثَ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَرْضَى فَجَعَلَ لَهُ النِّصْفَ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَرْضَى وَ أَبَى نُوحٌ ع أَنْ يَزِيدَهُ فَقَالَ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع لِنُوحٍ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَحْسِنْ فَإِنَّ مِنْكَ الْإِحْسَانَ فَعَلِمَ نُوحٌ ع أَنَّهُ قَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا سُلْطَاناً فَجَعَلَ نُوحٌ لَهُ الثُّلُثَيْنِ
He-la said to him-as, ‘Make a share for me-la from it’. He-as made a third from it to be for him-la. But he-la refused to agree. He-as made half of it to be for him-la. But, he-la refused to agree. Noah-as refused to increase it. Jibraeel-as said to Noah-as: ‘O Rasool-as of Allah-azwj! Do a favour, for the favours are from you-as’. Noah-as came to know that he (Jibraeel-as) had made an authorisation for him-as. Noah-as made two-thirds to be for him-la.
فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع فَإِذَا أَخَذْتَ عَصِيراً فَاطْبَخْهُ حَتَّى يَذْهَبَ الثُّلُثَانِ نَصِيبُ الشَّيْطَانِ فَكُلْ وَ اشْرَبْ حِينَئِذٍ
Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘Whenever you take juice, so cook (boil) it until two-thirds of it goes away, and eat and drink, for that (evaporated two-thirds) is the share of the Satan-la, so eat and drink at that time.[187]
9- كا، الكافي أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْكُوفِيِّ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ إِبْلِيسَ نَازَعَ نُوحاً فِي الْكَرْمِ فَأَتَاهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع فَقَالَ لَهُ إِنَّ لَهُ حَقّاً فَأَعْطِهِ فَأَعْطَاهُ الثُّلُثَ فَلَمْ يَرْضَ إِبْلِيسُ ثُمَّ أَعْطَاهُ النِّصْفَ فَلَمْ يَرْضَ فَطَرَحَ جَبْرَئِيلُ نَاراً فَأَحْرَقَتِ الثُّلُثَيْنِ وَ بَقِيَ الثُّلُثُ فَقَالَ مَا أَحْرَقَتِ النَّارُ فَهُوَ نَصِيبُهُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَهُوَ لَكَ يَا نُوحُ
‘Al-Kafi’ – Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Al Kufy, from Usman Bin Isa, from Saeed Bin Yasaar,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws has said: ‘Iblees-la, may Allah-azwj Curse him-la, disputed with Noah-as regarding the grapes. Jibraeel-as came to him-as and said: ‘There is a right for him-la, so give him-la’. He-as gave him the one-third. But Iblees-la did not agree. Then he-as gave him-la the half, but he-la did not agree. Jibraeel-as threw the fire, and two-thirds was incinerated, and there remained the one-third. He-as said: ‘Whatever the fire incinerated, it is his-la share, and whatever remains, it is for you-as, O Noah-as![188]
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[101] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 18
[102] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 19
[103] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 20
[104] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 21
[105] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 22
[106] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 23
[107] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 24
[108] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 25
[109] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 26
[110] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 27
[111] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 28
[112] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 29
[113] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 30
[114] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 31
[115] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 32
[116] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 33
[117] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 34
[118] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 35
[119] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 36
[120] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 37
[121] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 38
[122] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 39
[123] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 40
[124] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 41
[125] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 42
[126] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 43
[127] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 5 H 44
[128] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 6 H 1
[129] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 6 H 2
[130] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 6 H 3
[131] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 6 H 4
[132] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 7 H 1
[133] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 7 H 2
[134] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 7 H 3
[135] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 8 H 1
[136] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 8 H 2
[137] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 8 H 3
[138] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 8 H 4
[139] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 8 H 5
[140] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 8 H 6
[141] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 8 H 7
[142] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 8 H 8
[143] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 8 H 9
[144] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 8 H 10
[145] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 8 H 11
[146] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 8 H 12
[147] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 8 H 13
[148] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 8 H 14
[149] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 8 H 15
[150] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 8 H 16
[151] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 8 H 17
[152] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 8 H 18
[153] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 8 H 19
[154] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 9 H 1
[155] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 9 H 2
[156] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 9 H 3
[157] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 9 H 4
[158] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 9 H 5
[159] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 9 H 6
[160] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 9 H 7
[161] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 9 H 8
[162] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 9 H 9
[163] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 9 H 10
[164] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 9 H 11
[165] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 9 H 12
[166] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 3 Ch 9 H 13
[167] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 4 Ch 1 H 1
[168] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 4 Ch 1 H 2
[169] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 4 Ch 1 H 3
[170] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 4 Ch 1 H 4
[171] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 4 Ch 1 H 5
[172] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 4 Ch 1 H 6
[173] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 4 Ch 1 H 7
[174] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 4 Ch 1 H 8
[175] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 4 Ch 1 H 9
[176] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 4 Ch 1 H 10
[177] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 4 Ch 1 H 11
[178] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 4 Ch 1 H 12
[179] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 4 Ch 1 H 13
[180] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 4 Ch 2 H 1
[181] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 4 Ch 2 H 2
[182] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 4 Ch 2 H 3
[183] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 4 Ch 2 H 4
[184] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 4 Ch 2 H 5
[185] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 4 Ch 2 H 6
[186] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 4 Ch 2 H 7
[187] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 4 Ch 2 H 8
[188] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 11, The book of Prophet-hood, S 4 Ch 2 H 9