الجزء السادس و السبعون
Volume 76
Part 2 out of 3
بحار الانوار الجامعة لدرر أخبار الائمة الاطهار
Bihar Al-Anwaar – The summary of the pearls of the Ahadeeth of the Pure Imams-asws
تأليف العلامة فخر الامة المولى الشيخ محمد باقر المجلسيى
Author – The Allama, the pride of the community, the Mullah, the Sheikh Muhammad Baqir Al Majlisi
باب 86 حرمة شرب الخمر و علتها و النهي عن التداوي بها و الجلوس على مائدة يشرب عليها و أحكامها
CHAPTER 86 – FORBIDDANCE OF DRINKING THE WINE AND ITS REASON, AND THE PROHIBITION FROM MEDICATING WITH IT, AND THE SITTING UPON A TABLE IT IS DRUNK UPON, AND ITS RULINGS
الآيات
The Verses –
البقرة يَسْئَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ وَ الْمَيْسِرِ قُلْ فِيهِما إِثْمٌ كَبِيرٌ وَ مَنافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ وَ إِثْمُهُما أَكْبَرُ مِنْ نَفْعِهِما
(Surah) Al Baqarah: They are asking you about the wine and the gambling. Say: ‘In both of these is a grave sin and benefit for the people, and their sin is greater than their profit’. [2:219]
المائدة إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَ الْمَيْسِرُ وَ الْأَنْصابُ إلى قوله تعالى مُنْتَهُونَ
(Surah) Al Maidah: O you who believe! But rather, the wine, and the gambling, and the monuments (for idols), [5:90] – up to Words of the Exalted: abstaining? [5:91]
النحل وَ مِنْ ثَمَراتِ النَّخِيلِ وَ الْأَعْنابِ تَتَّخِذُونَ مِنْهُ سَكَراً وَ رِزْقاً حَسَناً.
(Surah) Al Nahl: And from fruits of the palms and the grapes, you are taking intoxicants from it and a goodly sustenance. [16:67].
1- لي، الأمالي للصدوق عَنِ الْمُكَتِّبِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ بَكَّارٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الضَّحَّاكِ عَنْ نَوْفَلِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ قَالَ: أَوْصَى قُصَيُّ بْنُ كِلَابٍ بَنِيهِ فَقَالَ يَا بَنِيَّ إِيَّاكُمْ وَ شُرْبَ الْخَمْرِ فَإِنَّهَا إِنْ أَصْلَحَتِ الْأَبْدَانُ أَفْسَدَتِ الْأَذْهَانُ.
(The) ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – from Al Mukatib, from Muhammad Bin Al Qasim, from Ahmad Bin Saeed, from Al Zubeyr Bin Bakkar, from Muhammad Bin Al Zahhak, from Nowfal Bin Umarah who said,
‘Qusay Bin Kilab advised his son. He said, ‘Beware of drinking the wine, for even if it were to correct the bodies, it will spoil the minds’’.[1] (Not a Hadeeth)
2- لي، الأمالي للصدوق عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَرْبَعٌ لَا تَدْخُلُ بَيْتاً وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ إِلَّا خَرِبَ وَ لَمْ يُعْمَرْ بِالْبَرَكَةِ الْخِيَانَةُ وَ السَّرِقَةُ وَ شُرْبُ الْخَمْرِ وَ الزِّنَا.
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – from Ibn Al Mugheira, from his grandfather, from his grandfather, from Al Sakuni,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Four, not one of these will enter a house except it would be ruined and will not be built with the Blessings – The betrayal, and the theft, and drinking the wine and the adultery’’.[2]
3- ل، الخصال عَنِ ابْنِ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ وَهْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: أَرْبَعَةٌ لَا يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ الْكَاهِنُ وَ الْمُنَافِقُ وَ مُدْمِنُ الْخَمْرِ وَ الْقَتَّاتُ وَ هُوَ النَّمَّامُ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – from Ibn Idrees, from his father, from Ibn Yazeed, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Muawiya Bin Wahb, from Abu Saeed Hashim,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Four will not enter the Paradise – the soothsayer, and the hypocrite, and habitual of wine, and ‘Al-Qattat’, and he is the gossiper’’.[3]
4- لي، الأمالي للصدوق عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ النَّهْدِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْخَمْرِ فَقَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا نَهَانِي عَنْهُ رَبِّي عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَنْ عِبَادَةِ الْأَوْثَانِ وَ شُرْبِ الْخَمْرِ وَ مُلَاحَاةِ الرِّجَالِ
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – from his father, from Sa’ad, from Al Nahdy, from Ibn Mahboub, from Abu Ayoub, from Muhammad Bin Muslim who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws was asked about the wine. He-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The first of what my-saww Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic Prohibited me-saww from is worship of the idols, and drinking the wine, and disputing the men’.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى بَعَثَنِي رَحْمَةً لِلْعَالَمِينَ وَ لِأَمْحَقَ الْمَعَازِفَ وَ الْمَزَامِيرَ وَ أُمُورَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَ أَوْثَانَهَا وَ أَزْلَامَهَا وَ أَحْلَافَهَا
Allah-azwj the Exalted Sent me as a Mercy for the worlds and for me-saww to obliterate the musical (sting) instruments and the flutes, and matters of the pre-Islamic period, and its idols, and its divining arrows, and its innovations.
أَقْسَمَ رَبِّي جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ فَقَالَ لَا يَشْرَبُ عَبْدٌ لِي خَمْراً فِي الدُّنْيَا إِلَّا سَقَيْتُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مِثْلَ مَا شَرِبَ مِنْهَا مِنَ الْحَمِيمِ مُعَذَّباً بَعْدُ أَوْ مَغْفُوراً لَهُ
My-saww Lord-azwj, Majestic is His-azwj Majesty Swore. He-azwj Said: “No servant of mine will drink wine in the world except I-azwj will Quench him on the Day of Qiyamah from the boiling water similar to what he had drunk from it, as a Punishment after or (his sin) will be Forgiven for him!”’
وَ قَالَ ع لَا تُجَالِسُوا شَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ وَ لَا تُزَوِّجُوهُ وَ لَا تَتَزَوَّجُوا إِلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ مَرِضَ فَلَا تَعُودُوهُ وَ إِنْ مَاتَ فَلَا تُشَيِّعُوا جَنَازَتَهُ إِنَّ شَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ يَجِيءُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مُسْوَدّاً وَجْهُهُ مُزْرَقَّةً عَيْنَاهُ مَائِلًا شِدْقُهُ سَائِلًا لُعَابُهُ دَالِعاً لِسَانُهُ مِنْ قَفَاهُ.
And he-asws said: ‘Neither sit with a drinker of wine, nor marry him nor marry to him, and if he falls sick do not console him, and if he dies do not escort his funeral. The drinker of wine will come on the Day of Qiyamah darkened of his face, blue-eyed, and slanted cheeks, his saliva will be flowing, his tongue rolling out from his back’’.[4]
5- لي، الأمالي للصدوق فِي مَنَاهِي النَّبِيِّ ص أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْخَمْرِ وَ أَنْ تُشْتَرَى الْخَمْرُ وَ أَنْ تُسْقَى الْخَمْرُ.
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq –
‘Among prohibitions of the Prophet-saww, he-saww prohibited from selling the wine, and from busying the wine, and from quenching the wine’’.[5]
وَ قَالَ ص لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْخَمْرَ وَ عَاصِرَهَا وَ غَارِسَهَا وَ شَارِبَهَا وَ سَاقِيَهَا وَ بَائِعَهَا وَ مُشْتَرِيَهَا وَ آكِلَ ثَمَنِهَا وَ حَامِلَهَا وَ الْمَحْمُولَةَ إِلَيْهِ.
And he-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Cursed the wine, and its squeezing, and its planting, and its drinking, and its quencher, and its selling, and its buying, and eating its price, and carrying it, and it being carried to him’’.[6]
وَ قَالَ ص مَنْ شَرِبَهَا لَمْ تُقْبَلْ لَهُ صَلَاةٌ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً وَ إِنْ مَاتَ وَ فِي بَطْنِهِ شَيْءٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ كَانَ حَقّاً عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يَسْقِيَهُ مِنْ طِينَةِ خَبَالٍ وَ هُوَ صَدِيدُ أَهْلِ النَّارِ وَ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْ فُرُوجِ الزُّنَاةِ فَيَجْتَمِعُ ذَلِكَ فِي قُدُورِ جَهَنَّمَ فَيَشْرَبُهَا أَهْلُ النَّارِ فَ يُصْهَرُ بِهِ ما فِي بُطُونِهِمْ وَ الْجُلُودُ.
And he-saww said: ‘One who drinks it, Salat will not be Accepted for him for forty days, and if he dies and there is something from that in his belly, there would be a right upon Allah-azwj to Quench him from clay of ‘Khabal’, and it is pus of people of the Fire and what emerges from private parts of the adulteress. That will be collected in pots of Hell, so people of the Fire will drink it, Due to it would melt whatever is in their bellies and the skins [22:20]’’.[7]
6- فس، تفسير القمي كانُوا لا يَتَناهَوْنَ عَنْ مُنكَرٍ فَعَلُوهُ لَبِئْسَ ما كانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ قَالُوا كَانُوا يَأْكُلُونَ لَحْمَ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَ يَشْرَبُونَ الْخُمُورَ وَ يَأْتُونَ النِّسَاءَ أَيَّامَ حَيْضِهِنَ.
Tafseer Al-Qummi – They were not forbidding from evil they were doing. Evil was what they were doing [5:79] – They were eating pig meat, and drinking the wines, and going to the women in the days of their menstruations’’.[8] (opinion)
7- فس، تفسير القمي عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص شَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ لَا تُصَدِّقُوهُ إِذَا حَدَّثَ وَ لَا تُزَوِّجُوهُ إِذَا خَطَبَ وَ لَا تَعُودُوهُ إِذَا مَرِضَ وَ لَا تَحْضُرُوهُ إِذَا مَاتَ وَ لَا تَأْتَمِنُوهُ عَلَى أَمَانَةٍ
Tafseer Al Qummi – from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Abu Baseer,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Drinker of the wine, neither ratify him when he narrates, nor marry to him when he proposes, nor console him when he is sick, nor attend him when he dies, nor entrust him upon an entrustment.
فَمَنِ ائْتَمَنَهُ عَلَى أَمَانَةٍ فَاسْتَهْلَكَهَا فَلَيْسَ لَهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُخْلِفَ عَلَيْهِ وَ لَا أَنْ يَأْجُرَهُ عَلَيْهَا لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ وَ لا تُؤْتُوا السُّفَهاءَ أَمْوالَكُمُ وَ أَيُّ سَفِيهٍ أَسْفَهُ مِنْ شَارِبِ الْخَمْر.
The one who entrusts him upon an entrustment, so he destroys it, there wouldn’t be for him upon Allah-azwj to Replace upon it, nor to Recompense upon it, because Allah-azwj Says: And do not give your wealth to the foolish [4:5] – and which foolish one is more foolish than a drinker of wine?’’[9]
8- ب، قرب الإسناد عَنْ هَارُونَ عَنِ ابْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع قَالَ: لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ الْعَاقُّ لِوَالِدَيْهِ وَ الْمُدْمِنُ الْخَمْرِ وَ الْمَنَّانُ بِالْفِعَالِ لِلْخَيْرِ إِذَا عَمِلَهُ.
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Asnaad’ – from Haroun, from Ibn Ziyad,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws having said: ‘He will not enter the Paradise, the disobedient to his parent, and the habitual of the wine, and the reproacher with the good deed when he does it’’.[10]
9- ب، قرب الإسناد عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَخِيهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ شَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ مَا حَالُهُ إِذَا سَكِرَ مِنْهُ
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Asnaad’ –
‘From Ali, from his brother-asws (7th Imam-asws), he said, ‘I asked him-asws about the drinker of wine, ‘What is his state when he is intoxicated from it?’
قَالَ مَنْ سَكِرَ مِنَ الْخَمْرِ ثُمَّ مَاتَ بَعْدَهُ بِأَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً لَقِيَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ كَعَابِدِ وَثَنٍ.
He-asws said: ‘One who is intoxicated from the wine, then dies forty days after it, will meet Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic like an idol worshipper’’.[11]
10- ب، قرب الإسناد عَنْ هَارُونَ عَنِ ابْنِ زِيَادٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع يَقُولُ لِأَبِيهِ يَا أَبَهْ إِنَّ فُلَاناً يُرِيدُ الْيَمَنَ أَ فَلَا أُزَوِّدُهُ بِبِضَاعَةٍ لِيَشْتَرِيَ لِي بِهَا عَصْبَ الْيَمَنِ
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Asnaad’ – from Haroun, from Ibn Ziyad who said,
‘I heard Abu Al-Hassan-asws saying to his-asws father-asws: ‘O father-asws! So and so intends (to go to) Al-Yemen. Shall I-asws provide him with merchandise for him to buy for me with it goods of Al-Yemen?’
فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا بُنَيَّ لَا تَفْعَلْ
He-asws said: ‘O my-asws son-asws, do not do so!’
قَالَ فَلِمَ
He-asws said: ‘Why not?’
قَالَ لِأَنَّهَا إِنْ ذَهَبَتْ لَمْ تُؤْجَرْ عَلَيْهَا وَ لَمْ تُخْلَفْ عَلَيْكَ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ وَ لا تُؤْتُوا السُّفَهاءَ أَمْوالَكُمُ الَّتِي جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ قِياماً فَأَيُّ سَفِيهٍ أَسْفَهُ بَعْدَ النِّسَاءِ مِنْ شَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ
He-asws said: ‘Because if it is gone (to waste) you-asws will not be Recompensed upon it, and it will not be replaced upon you, because Allah-azwj the Exalted Saying: And do not give your wealth to the foolish which Allah has made a (means of) support for you, [4:5]. So, which foolish one, after the women, is more foolish than the drinker of wine?
يَا بُنَيَّ إِنَّ أَبِي حَدَّثَنِي عَنْ آبَائِهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ مَنِ ائْتَمَنَ غَيْرَ أَمِينٍ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ ضَمَانٌ لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ نَهَاهُ أَنْ يَأْتَمِنَهُ.
O my-asws son-asws! My-asws father-asws narrated to me-asws from his-asws forefathers-asws that Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘One who entrusts an untrustworthy one, there isn’t any guarantee for him upon Allah-azwj because He-azwj has Prohibited him from entrusting him’’.[12]
11- ل، الخصال الْأَرْبَعُمِائَةِ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع لَا تَشْرَبُوا عَلَى مَائِدَةٍ تُشْرَبُ عَلَيْهَا الْخَمْرُ فَإِنَّ الْعَبْدَ لَا يَدْرِي مَتَى يُؤْخَذُ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ –
‘(The Hadeeth) ‘Al-Arbamiya’ – Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘Do not drink upon a table the wine is being drunk upon, for the servant does not know when he will be seized (by death)’’.[13]
وَ قَالَ ع مَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ وَ هُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهَا حَرَامٌ سَقَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ طِينَةِ خَبَالٍ وَ إِنْ كَانَ مَغْفُوراً لَهُ.
And he-asws said: ‘One who drinks the wine while he knows it is Prohibited, Allah-azwj will Quench him from clay of ‘Khabal’ (it is pus of people of the Fire and what emerges from private parts of the adulteress), and even if it were to be Forgiven for him’’.[14]
وَ قَالَ ع مُدْمِنُ الْخَمْرِ يَلْقَى اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حِينَ يَلْقَاهُ كَعَابِدِ وَثَنٍ
And he-asws said: ‘The one habitual of wine will meet Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic when he does meet Him-azwj, like an idol worshipper’.
فَقَالَ حُجْرُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَا الْمُدْمِنُ
‘Hujr Bin Aday said, ‘O Amir Al-Momineen-asws! What is the ‘habitual’?’
قَالَ الَّذِي إِذَا وَجَدَهَا شَرِبَهَا.
He-asws said: ‘The one who, whenever he finds it, drinks it’’.[15]
وَ قَالَ ع مَنْ شَرِبَ الْمُسْكِرَ لَمْ تُقْبَلْ صَلَوَاتُهُ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً وَ لَيْلَةً.
And he-asws said: ‘One who drinks the intoxicant, his Salats will not be Accepted for forty days and nights’’.[16]
وَ قَالَ ع مَنْ سَقَى صَبِيّاً مُسْكِراً وَ هُوَ لَا يَعْقِلُ حَبَسَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي طِينَةِ الْخَبَالِ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ مِمَّا صَنَعَ بِمَخْرَجٍ.
And he-asws said: ‘One who quenches an intoxicant to a young boy and he does not understand, Allah-azwj the Exalted will Withhold him in clay of Al-Khabal (it is pus of people of the Fire and what emerges from private parts of the adulteress) until he comes with a way out from what he had done’’.[17]
وَ قَالَ ع السُّكْرُ أَرْبَعُ سُكْرَاتٍ سُكْرُ الشَّرَابِ وَ سُكْرُ الْمَالِ وَ سُكْرُ النَّوْمِ وَ سُكْرُ الْمُلْكِ.
And he-asws said: ‘The intoxications are four – intoxication of the drink, and intoxication of the wealth, and intoxication of the sleep, and intoxication of the kingdom (governance)’’.[18]
12- ل، الخصال عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنِ السَّعْدَآبَادِيِّ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ عَنِ ابْنِ طَرِيفٍ عَنِ ابْنِ نُبَاتَةَ قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع الْفِتَنُ ثَلَاثٌ حُبُّ النِّسَاءِ وَ هُوَ سَيْفُ الشَّيْطَانِ وَ شُرْبُ الْخَمْرِ وَ هُوَ فَخُّ الشَّيْطَانِ وَ حُبُّ الدِّينَارِ وَ الدِّرْهَمِ وَ هُوَ سَهْمُ الشَّيْطَانِ فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ النِّسَاءَ لَمْ يَنْتَفِعْ بِعَيْشِهِ وَ مَنْ أَحَبَّ الْأَشْرِبَةَ حَرُمَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةُ وَ مَنْ أَحَبَّ الدِّينَارَ وَ الدِّرْهَمَ فَهُوَ عَبْدُ الدُّنْيَا.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – from Ibn Al Mutawakkil, from Al Asadabady, from Al Barqy, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Abu Al Jaroud, from Ibn Tareyf, from Ibn Nubata who said,
‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘The Fitna (temptations) are three – love of the women, and it is a sword of Satan-la, and drinking the wine, and it is a trap of Satan-la, and love of the Dinar and the Dirham, and it is an arrow of Satan-la. The one who loves the women will not benefit with his life, and one who loves the drinks (wine) the Paradise will be Prohibited unto him, and one who loves the Dinar and the Dirham he is a worshipper of the world’’.[19]
13- ل، الخصال عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ رِجَالِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: ثَلَاثَةٌ لَا يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ السَّفَّاكُ لِلدَّمِ وَ شَارِبُ الْخَمْرِ وَ مَشَّاءٌ بِنَمِيمَةِ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – from his father, from Sa’ad, from Al Barqy, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from one of his men,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Three will not enter the Paradise – the spiller of blood, and the drinker of wine, and one walking with (spreader of) the gossip’’.[20]
14- ل، الخصال عَنِ ابْنِ بُنْدَارَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نُوحٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ زُرَيْعٍ عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَرْبَعَةٌ لَا يَنْظُرُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عَاقٌّ وَ مَنَّانٌ وَ مُكَذِّبٌ بِالْقَدَرِ وَ مُدْمِنُ خَمْرٍ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – from Ibn Bundar, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Nuh, from Muhammad Bin Amro, from Yazeed Bin Zurie, from Bishr Bin Numeyr, from Al Qasim Bin Abdul Rahman, from Abu Umama who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Four, Allah-azwj will not Look at them on the Day of Qiyamah – a disobedient (to his parents), and a reproacher of favour, and a belier of pre-determination, and a habitual of wine’’.[21]
15- مع، معاني الأخبار ل، الخصال عَنِ الطَّالَقَانِيِّ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ صَاعِدٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ جَمِيلٍ عَنِ الْمُعْتَمِرِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ فُضَيْلِ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَرِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص ثَلَاثَةٌ لَا يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ مُدْمِنُ الْخَمْرِ وَ مُدْمِنُ سِحْرٍ وَ قَاطِعُ رَحِمٍ
(The books) ‘Ma’any Al Akhbaar’, (and) ‘Al Khisaal’ – from Al Talaqany, from Yahya Bin Muhammad Bin Sa’id, from Ibrahim Bin Jameel, from Al Mu’tamar Bin Suleyman, from Fuzeyl Bin Maysara, from Abu Jareer, from Abu Burdah, from Abu Musa Al Ashari who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Three will not enter the Paradise – the habitual of wine, and habitual of sorcery, and cutter of kinship.
وَ مَنْ مَاتَ مُدْمِنَ خَمْرٍ سَقَاهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِنْ نَهَرِ الْغُوطَةِ
And one who dies being habitual of wine, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic will Quench him from the river Al-Ghoutah’.
قِيلَ وَ مَا نَهَرُ الْغُوطَةِ
It was said, ‘And what is river Al-Ghoutah?’
قَالَ نَهَرٌ يَجْرِي مِنْ فُرُوجِ الْمُومِسَاتِ يُؤْذِي أَهْلَ النَّارِ رِيحُهُنَ.
He-saww said: ‘A river flowing from private parts of the prostitutes. Their stench will hurt people of the Fire’’.[22]
16- ل، الخصال عَنِ الْخَلِيلِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ خَشْرَمٍ عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ يُونُسَ عَنْ أَبِي مَعْمَرٍ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْغَنَوِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَ الْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَلَا يَجْلِسْ عَلَى مَائِدَةٍ يُشْرَبُ عَلَيْهَا الْخَمْرُ وَ مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَ الْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَلَا يَدْخُلِ الْحَمَّامَ إِلَّا بِمِئْزَرٍ وَ مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَ الْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَلَا يَدَعْ حَلِيلَتَهُ تَخْرُجُ إِلَى الْحَمَّامِ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – from Al Khaleel, from Muhammad Bin Muaz, from Ali Bin Khashram, from Isa Bin Yunus, from Abu Ma’mar, from Saeed Al Ghanawy, from Abu Hureyra who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘One who were a believer in Allah-azwj and the Last Day, he should not sit at a table the wine is being drunk upon; and the one who were a believer in Allah-azwj and the Last Day, he should not enter the bathhouse except with a towel (wrapping); and one who were a believer in Allah-azwj and the Last Day, he should not let his wife to go out to the bathhouse’’.[23]
17- ل، الخصال عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنْ بُنَانِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ: سِتَّةٌ لَا يُسَلَّمُ عَلَيْهِمْ الْيَهُودِيُّ وَ الْمَجُوسِيُّ وَ النَّصْرَانِيُّ وَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى غَائِطِهِ وَ عَلَى مَوَائِدِ الْخَمْرِ وَ عَلَى الشَّاعِرِ الَّذِي يَقْذِفُ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ وَ عَلَى الْمُتَفَكِّهِينَ بِسَبِّ الْأُمَّهَاتِ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – from Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Bunan Bin Muhammad, from his father, from Ibn Al Mugheira, from Al Sakuni,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Six, do not greet unto them – the Jew, and the Magian, and the Christian, and the man upon his toilet, and at the wine tables, and to the poet who slanders the married women, and to the ones joking with the mothers’’.[24]
18- ل، الخصال عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْفَارِسِ عَنِ الْجَعْفَرِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَمَّا خَلَقَ الْجَنَّةَ خَلَقَهَا مِنْ لَبِنَتَيْنِ لَبِنَةٍ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ وَ لَبِنَةٍ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ وَ جَعَلَ حِيطَانَهَا الْيَاقُوتَ وَ سَقْفَهَا الزَّبَرْجَدَ وَ حَصَاهَا اللُّؤْلُؤَ وَ تُرَابَهَا الزَّعْفَرَانَ وَ الْمِسْكَ الْأَذْفَرَ
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – from his father, from Ali, from his father, from Al Faris, from Al Ja’fari, from Abdullah Bin Al Husayn Zayd, from his father,
‘From Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah‑saww: ‘When Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Created the Paradise, He-azwj Created it from two bricks – a brick of gold and a brick of silver, and Made its walls of rubies, and its ceilings with the emeralds, and its pebbles of pearls, and its soil of saffron and the yellow musk.
فَقَالَ لَهَا تَكَلَّمِي فَقَالَتْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ أَنْتَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ قَدْ سَعِدَ مَنْ يَدْخُلُنِي
He-azwj Said to it (Paradise): “Speak!” It said, ‘There is no god except Allah-azwj! You-azwj are the Living, the Eternal. He is fortunate, one who enters me!’
فَقَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِعِزَّتِي وَ عَظَمَتِي وَ جَلَالِي وَ ارْتِفَاعِي لَا يَدْخُلُهَا مُدْمِنُ خَمْرٍ وَ لَا سِكِّيرٌ وَ لَا قَتَّاتٌ وَ هُوَ النَّمَّامُ وَ لَا دَيُّوثٌ وَ هُوَ الْقَلْطَبَانُ وَ لَا قَلَّاعٌ وَ هُوَ الشُّرْطِيُّ وَ لَا زَنُّوقٌ وَ هُوَ الْخُنْثَى وَ لَا جَيَّافٌ وَ هُوَ النَّبَّاشُ وَ لَا عَشَّارٌ وَ لَا قَاطِعُ رَحِمٍ وَ لَا قَدَرِيٌ.
The Mighty and Majestic Said: ‘By My-azwj Might, and My-azwj Magnificence, and My-azwj Majestic, and My-azwj Loftiness! He will not enter it, a habitual of wine, nor an intoxicated, nor a ‘Qattat’, and he is the gossiper, nor a cuckold, and he is ‘Al-Qaltaban’, nor a ‘Fala’a’, and he is the policeman, nor a ‘Zanouq’, and he is the eunuch, nor a ‘Jayyaf’, and he is the grave robber, nor a tax collector, nor a cutter of kindship, nor a fatalist’’.[25]
19- ل، الخصال عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فِي الْخَمْرِ عَشَرَةً غَارِسَهَا وَ حَارِسَهَا وَ عَاصِرَهَا وَ شَارِبَهَا وَ سَاقِيَهَا وَ حَامِلَهَا وَ الْمَحْمُولَةَ إِلَيْهِ وَ بَائِعَهَا وَ مُشْتَرِيَهَا وَ آكِلَ ثَمَنِهَا.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – from Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Al Barqy, from his father, from Ahmad Bin Al Nazr, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww cursed ten (people) regarding the wine – its planter, and its harvester, and its squeezer, and its drinker, and its quencher, and its carrier, and being carried to him, and its seller, and its buyer, and consumer of its price’’.[26]
20- فس، تفسير القمي فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَ الْمَيْسِرُ وَ الْأَنْصابُ وَ الْأَزْلامُ أَمَّا الْخَمْرُ فَكُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ مِنَ الشَّرَابِ إِذَا خُمِّرَ فَهُوَ خَمْرٌ وَ مَا أَسْكَرَ كَثِيرُهُ فَقَلِيلُهُ حَرَامٌ
Tafseer Al Qummi – in a report by Abu Al Jaroud,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘O you who believe! But rather, the wine, and the gambling, and the monuments (for idols), and the arrows (for dividing) [5:90]: ‘As for the wine, every intoxicant from the drinks when it is fermented, it is wine, and whatever a lot of it intoxicates, it’s little is Prohibited.
وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ شَرِبَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُحَرَّمَ الْخَمْرُ فَسَكِرَ فَجَعَلَ يَقُولُ الشِّعْرَ وَ يَبْكِي عَلَى قَتْلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ فَسَمِعَ النَّبِيُّ ص فَقَالَ اللَّهُمَّ أَمْسِكْ عَلَى لِسَانِهِ فَأَمْسَكَ عَلَى لِسَانِهِ فَلَمْ يَتَكَلَّمْ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ عَنْهُ السُّكْرُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَحْرِيمَهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ
And that was because Abu Bakr drank, before the Prohibition of wine, and he go intoxicated, and he cried upon the slain Polytheists from people of (battle) of Badr. The Prophet-saww heard. He-saww said: ‘O Allah-azwj! Withhold upon his tongue’. So, He-azwj Withheld upon his tongue, so he did not talk until the intoxication had gone from him. So, Allah-azwj Revealed its Prohibition after that.
وَ إِنَّمَا كَانَتِ الْخَمْرُ يَوْمَ حُرِّمَتْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَضِيخَ الْبُسْرِ وَ التَّمْرِ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ تَحْرِيمُهَا خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَقَعَدَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ ثُمَّ دَعَا بِآنِيَتِهِمُ الَّتِي كَانُوا يَنْبِذُونَ فِيهَا فَكَفَّأَهَا كُلَّهَا وَ قَالَ هَذِهِ كُلُّهَا خَمْرٌ وَ قَدْ حَرَّمَهَا اللَّهُ
And rather, the Prohibition of wine happened on a day in Al-Medina, it was ‘Fazeej’ (intoxicating drink made with) the un-ripened dates and the ripe dates. When its Prohibition was Revealed, Rasool-Allah-saww went out and sat in the Masjid, then he-saww called for their utensils which they were making Nabeez (intoxicating drink) in these. He punctured all of them, and said: ‘All of it is wine, and Allah-azwj has Prohibited’.
فَكَانَ أَكْثَرُ شَيْءٍ أُكْفِئَ فِي ذَلِكَ يَوْمَئِذٍ مِنَ الْأَشْرِبَةِ الْفَضِيخَ وَ لَا أَعْلَمُ أُكْفِئَ يَوْمَئِذٍ مِنْ خَمْرِ الْعِنَبِ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا إِنَاءً وَاحِداً كَانَ فِيهِ زَبِيبٌ وَ تَمْرٌ جَمِيعاً
It was so that the most thing from the drinks stopped with during that day was ‘Al-Fazek’, and I-asws don’t know of anything stopped on that day, from the grape wine except one utensil wherein were raisings and dates together.
فَأَمَّا عَصِيرُ الْعِنَبِ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِالْمَدِينَةِ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ الْخَمْرَ قَلِيلَهَا وَ كَثِيرَهَا وَ بَيْعَهَا وَ شِرَاءَهَا وَ الِانْتِفَاعَ بِهَا
As for squeezing the grapes, there did not happen to be anything from it at Al-Medina on that day. Allah-azwj Prohibited the wine, it’s little and it’s more, and selling it and buying it, and the benefitting with it.
وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فَاجْلِدُوهُ فَإِنْ عَادَ فَاجْلِدُوهُ فَإِنْ عَادَ فَاجْلِدُوهُ فَإِنْ عَادَ فِي الرَّابِعَةِ فَاقْتُلُوهُ
And Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘One who drinks the wine, whip him. If he repeats, whip him. If he repeats, whip him. If he repeats during the fourth (time), kill him!’
وَ قَالَ حَقٌّ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يَسْقِيَ مَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ مِمَّا يَخْرُجُ مِنْ فُرُوجِ الْمُومِسَاتِ وَ الْمُومِسَاتُ الزَّوَانِي يَخْرُجُ مِنْ فُرُوجِهِنَّ صَدِيدٌ وَ الصَّدِيدُ قَيْحٌ وَ دَمٌ غَلِيظٌ مُخْتَلِطٌ يُؤْذِي أَهْلَ النَّارِ حَرُّهُ وَ نَتْنُهُ
And he-saww said: ‘There is a right upon Allah-azwj that He-azwj should Quench the one who drinks the wine, from what emerges from private parts of the prostitutes, and the prostitutes are the adulteresses. Pus will emerge from their private parts, and the pus is a mixture of vomit and thick blood. It’s heat and its stench will hurt people of the Fire’.
وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ لَمْ يُقْبَلْ مِنْهُ صَلَاةٌ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً فَإِنْ عَادَ فَأَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً مِنْ يَوْمَ شَرِبَهَا فَإِنْ مَاتَ فِي تِلْكَ الْأَرْبَعِينَ مِنْ غَيْرِ تَوْبَةٍ سَقَاهُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مِنْ طِينَةِ خَبَالٍ
And Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘One who drinks the wine, Salat will not Accepted from him for forty nights. If he repeats, then forty nights from the day he drinks it. If he were to die during those forty (days) from without having repented, Allah-azwj will Quench him on the Day of Qiyamah from clay of ‘Khabal’ (pus of people of the Fire and what emerges from private parts of the adulteress)’.
وَ سُمِّيَ الْمَسْجِدُ الَّذِي قَعَدَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص يَوْمَ أُكْفِئَتِ الْأَشْرِبَةُ مَسْجِدَ الْفَضِيخِ مِنْ يَوْمِئِذٍ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ أَكْثَرُ شَيْءٍ أُكْفِئَ مِنَ الْأَشْرِبَةِ الْفَضِيخَ
And the Masjid which Rasool-Allah-saww was seated in on the day the drinks were stopped, was named as ‘Masjid Al-Fazeej’, from that day onwards, because the most thing stopped from the drinks was ‘Al-Fazeej’.
فَأَمَّا الْمَيْسِرُ فَالنَّرْدُ وَ الشِّطْرَنْجُ وَ كُلُّ قِمَارٍ مَيْسِرٌ
As for the gambling, it is the dice (games) and the chess, and every game of chance is gambling.
وَ أَمَّا الْأَنْصَابُ فَالْأَوْثَانُ الَّتِي كَانَ يَعْبُدُهَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ
As for the monuments, it is the idols which the Polytheists were worshipping.
وَ أَمَّا الْأَزْلَامُ فَالْقِدَاحُ الَّتِي كَانَتْ تَسْتَقْسِمُ بِهَا مُشْرِكُو الْعَرَبِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ
And as for the (dividing) arrows, it is the tumblers by which the Polytheist Arabs used to apportion with during the pre-Islamic period.
كُلُّ هَذَا بَيْعُهُ وَ شِرَاؤُهُ وَ الِانْتِفَاعُ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذَا حَرَامٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ مُحَرَّمٌ وَ هُوَ رِجْسٌ مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطانِ وَ قَرَنَ اللَّهُ الْخَمْرَ وَ الْمَيْسِرَ مَعَ الْأَوْثَانِ:
All this, selling it, and buying it, and the benefit with anything from this is Prohibited from Allah-azwj, Forbidden, and it is filth from the deeds of the Satan, [5:90], and Allah-azwj Paired the wine and the gambling with the idols.
وَ أَمَّا قَوْلُهُ وَ أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَ أَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَ احْذَرُوا يَقُولُ لَا تَعْصُوا وَ لَا تَرْكَبُوا الشَّهَوَاتِ مِنَ الْخَمْرِ وَ الْمَيْسِرِ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ يَقُولُ عَصَيْتُمْ فَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّما عَلى رَسُولِنَا الْبَلاغُ الْمُبِينُ إِذْ قَدْ بَلَّغَ وَ بَيَّنَ فَانْتَهُوا
And as for His-azwj Words: And obey Allah and obey the Rasool and be cautioned; [5:92], He‑azwj is Saying, neither disobey nor indulge is lustful desires from the wine and the gambling – but if you turn back, – He-azwj is Saying, if you disobey – then know that rather (what is incumbent) upon Our Rasool is the clear delivery (of the Message) [5:92] – when he-saww has delivered and explain, then desist.
وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّهُ سَيَكُونُ قَوْمٌ يَبِيتُونَ وَ هُمْ عَلَى اللَّهْوِ وَ شُرْبِ الْخَمْرِ وَ الْغِنَاءِ فَبَيْنَا هُمْ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ مُسِخُوا مِنْ لَيْلَتِهِمْ وَ أَصْبَحُوا قِرَدَةً وَ خَنَازِيرَ
And Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘There shall come into being a people spending nights while they are upon the amusements, and drinking the wine, and the singing. While they are like that when they will be morphed from their night, and in the morning they will be monkeys and pigs.
وَ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ وَ احْذَرُوا أَيْ لَا تَعْتَدُوا كَمَا اعْتَدَى أَصْحَابُ يَوْمِ السَّبْتِ فَقَدْ كَانَ أَمْلَى لَهُمْ حَتَّى آثَرُوا وَ قَالُوا إِنَّ السَّبْتَ لَنَا حَلَالٌ وَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ حُرِّمَ عَلَى أُولَانَا وَ كَانُوا يُعَاقَبُونَ عَلَى اسْتِحْلَالِهِمُ السَّبْتَ
And it is His-azwj Words: and be cautioned; [5:92], i.e., do not transgress like what the companions of the day of Sabbath had transgressed. There had been a Respite for them until they preferred and said, ‘The Sabbath is Permissible for us, and rather it was Prohibited unto our former ones’, and they were Punished upon their legalising the Sabbath.
فَأَمَّا نَحْنُ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْنَا حَرَامٌ وَ مَا زِلْنَا بِخَيْرٍ مُنْذُ اسْتَحْلَلْنَاهُ وَ قَدْ كَثُرَتْ أَمْوَالُنَا وَ صَحَّتْ أَجْسَامُنَا
As for us (Muslims), it isn’t Prohibited upon us, and we have not ceased to be with good since we have legalised it, and our wealth has increase and (so has) health of our bodies.
ثُمَّ أَخَذَهُمُ اللَّهُ لَيْلًا وَ هُمْ غَافِلُونَ فَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ وَ احْذَرُوا أَنْ يَحُلَّ بِكُمْ مِثْلُ مَا حَلَّ بِمَنْ تَعَدَّى وَ عَصَى
Then Allah-azwj Seized them at night while they were unaware. It is His-azwj Word: and be cautioned; [5:92], from there being Released with you all similar to what had been Released with the one who had transgressed and disobeyed.
فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ تَحْرِيمُ الْخَمْرِ وَ الْمَيْسِرِ وَ التَّشْدِيدُ فِي أَمْرِهِمَا قَالَ النَّاسُ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَ الْأَنْصَارِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قُتِلَ أَصْحَابُنَا وَ هُمْ يَشْرَبُونَ الْخَمْرَ وَ قَدْ سَمَّاهُ رِجْساً وَ جَعَلَهَا مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ وَ قَدْ قُلْتَ مَا قُلْتَ أَ فَيَضُرُّ أَصْحَابَنَا ذَلِكَ شَيْئاً بَعْدَ مَا مَاتُوا
When the Prohibition of the wine and the gambling was Revealed, and the emphasis regarding their matter, the people from the Emigrants and the Helpers said, ‘O Rasool-Allah‑saww! Our companions have been killed and they drank the wine, and it has been Named as filth and Made to be from the deeds of Satan-la, and you-saww have said what you-saww said. Will that harm our companions of anything after their having died?’
فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ لَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ عَمِلُوا الصَّالِحاتِ جُناحٌ فِيما طَعِمُوا الْآيَةَ فَهَذَا لِمَنْ مَاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ قَبْلَ تَحْرِيمِ الْخَمْرِ وَ الْجُنَاحُ هُوَ الْإِثْمُ عَلَى مَنْ شَرِبَهَا بَعْدَ التَّحْرِيمِ.
So, Allah-azwj Revealed: There isn’t a blame upon those who are believing and are doing righteous deeds regarding what they are consuming, [5:93] – the Verse. So, this is for the one who had died or had been killed before the Prohibition of wine; and the ‘blame’, it is the sin upon the one who drank it after the Prohibition’’.[27]
21- ع، علل الشرائع عَنْ مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ عَنْ عَمِّهِ عَنِ الْكُوفِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لِمَ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ الْخَمْرَ
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from Majaylawiya, from his uncle, from Al Kufy, from Abdul Rahman Bin Salim, from Al Mufazzal who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘Why did Allah-azwj Prohibit the wine?’
قَالَ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ الْخَمْرَ لِفِعْلِهَا وَ فَسَادِهَا لِأَنَّ مُدْمِنَ الْخَمْرِ تُورِثُهُ الِارْتِعَاشَ وَ تَذْهَبُ بِنُورِهِ وَ تَهْدِمُ مُرُوَّتَهُ وَ تَحْمِلُهُ عَلَى أَنْ يَجْتَرِئَ عَلَى ارْتِكَابِ الْمَحَارِمِ وَ سَفْكِ الدِّمَاءِ وَ رُكُوبِ الزِّنَا وَ لَا يُؤْمَنُ إِذَا سَكِرَ أَنْ يَثِبَ عَلَى حَرَمِهِ وَ هُوَ لَا يَعْقِلُ ذَلِكَ وَ لَا يَزِيدُ شَارِبَهَا إِلَّا كُلَّ شَرٍّ.
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Prohibited the wine due to its deeds and its corruption, because a habitual of wine inherits the trembling, and his radiance will be gone, and his personality demolished, and it will carry him upon be audacious upon indulging in the Prohibitions, and shedding the blood, and indulging in the adultery; and when he is intoxicated, there is no safety that he mighty leap upon his sanctimonious one while he has not understanding of that; and drinking it will not increase him except in every evil’’.[28]
22- ع، علل الشرائع عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِي يُوسُفَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ع قَالَ: الْغِنَاءُ عُشُّ النِّفَاقِ وَ الشُّرْبُ مِفْتَاحُ كُلِّ شَرٍّ وَ مُدْمِنُ الْخَمْرِ كَعَابِدِ وَثَنٍ مُكَذِّبٌ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ لَوْ صَدَّقَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ لَحَرَّمَ حَرَامَ اللَّهِ.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Ibn Yazeed, from Ibrahim, from Abu Yusuf, from Abu Bakr Al Hazramy,
‘From one of the two (5th or 6th Imam-asws) having said: ‘The singing is a nest of hypocrisy, and the drinking (wine) is a key of all evil, and a habitual of wine is like an idol worshipper, a belier of the Book of Allah-azwj. Had he ratified the Book of Allah-azwj, he would have prohibited (himself from) Prohibitions of Allah-azwj’’.[29]
23- ع، علل الشرائع عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ بَشَّارٍ قَالَ: سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ شُرْبُ الْخَمْرِ أَشَرُّ أَمْ تَرْكُ الصَّلَاةِ
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from his father, from Ibn Hashim, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Ismail Bin Bashaar who said,
‘A man asked Abu Abdullah-asws about drinking the wine, ‘Is it eviler or neglecting the Salat?’
فَقَالَ شُرْبُ الْخَمْرِ أَشَرُّ مِنْ تَرْكِ الصَّلَاةِ وَ تَدْرِي لِمَ ذَلِكَ
He-asws said: ‘Drinking the wine is eviler than neglecting the Salat, and do you know why that is so?’
قَالَ لَا
He said, ‘No’.
قَالَ يَصِيرُ فِي حَالٍ لَا يَعْرِفُ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ لَا يَعْرِفُ مَنْ خَالِقُهُ.
He-asws said: ‘He comes to be in a state he does not recognise Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic and does not recognise who Created him?’’[30]
24- ثو، ثواب الأعمال ل، الخصال عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ حُكَيْمٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ الْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: مَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ لَمْ تُقْبَلْ صَلَاتُهُ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً فَإِنْ تَرَكَ الصَّلَاةَ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَيَّامِ ضُوعِفَ عَلَيْهِ الْعَذَابُ لِتَرْكِ الصَّلَاةِ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’, (and) ‘Al Khisaal’ – from Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Muawiya Bin Hukeym, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Aban Bin Usman, from Al Fuzeyl,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘One who drinks the wine, his Salat is not Accepted for forty days. If he neglects the Salat during these days, the Punishment will be doubled upon him for having neglected the Salat’’.[31]
25- ل، الخصال وَ فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ أَنَّ شَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ تُوقَفُ صَلَاتُهُ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَ الْأَرْضِ فَإِذَا تَابَ رُدَّتْ عَلَيْهِ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ –
‘And in another Hadeeth: ‘The drinker of wine, his Salat gets paused between the sky and the earth. When he repents, it is returned to him’’.[32]
26- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام عَنِ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنِ الرَّيَّانِ عَنِ الرِّضَا ع قَالَ: مَا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ نَبِيّاً إِلَّا بِتَحْرِيمِ الْخَمْرِ وَ أَنْ يُقِرَّ لَهُ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَفْعَلُ مَا يَشَاءُ وَ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي تُرَاثِهِ الْكُنْدُرُ.
(The book) ‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – from Al Hamdany, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Al Rayyan,
‘From Al-Reza-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj has not Sent any Prophet-saww except with Prohibition of the wine, and that he-as acknowledge to Him-azwj that Allah-azwj Does whatever He-azwj so Desires, and that he-as should have frankincense in his-as legacy’’.[33]
27- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام فِيمَا كَتَبَ الرِّضَا ع لِلْمَأْمُونِ وَ تَحْرِيمُ الْخَمْرِ قَلِيلِهَا وَ كَثِيرِهَا وَ تَحْرِيمُ كُلِّ شَرَابٍ مُسْكِرٍ قَلِيلِهِ وَ كَثِيرِهِ وَ مَا أَسْكَرَ كَثِيرُهُ فَقَلِيلُهُ حَرَامٌ وَ الْمُضْطَرُّ لَا يَشْرَبُ الْخَمْرَ لِأَنَّهَا تَقْتُلُهُ.
(The book) ‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – ‘Among what Al-Reza-asws wrote for Al-Mamoun: ‘And the Prohibition of wine, it’s little and it’s more, and Prohibition of every intoxicating drink, it’s little and it’s more; and whatever it’s more intoxicates, it’s little is Prohibited; and the desperate one should not drink the wine because it will kill him’’.[34]
28- يد، التوحيد عَنْ حَمْزَةَ الْعَلَوِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنِ الرَّيَّانِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ الرِّضَا ع يَقُولُ مَا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ نَبِيّاً إِلَّا بِتَحْرِيمِ الْخَمْرِ وَ أَنْ يُقِرَّ لَهُ بِالْبَدَاءِ.
(The book) ‘Al Tawheed’ – from Hamza Al Alawy, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from al Rayyan who said,
‘I heard Al-Reza-asws saying: ‘Allah-azwj has not Sent any Prophet-as except with the Prohibition of wine, and that he-as should acknowledge to Him-azwj with the Change of Decision’’.[35]
29- مع، معاني الأخبار عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مِهْرَانَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَعْدٍ الْإِسْكَافِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: مَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ أَوْ مُسْكِراً لَمْ تُقْبَلْ صَلَاتُهُ أَرْبَعِينَ صَبَاحاً فَإِنْ عَادَ سَقَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ طِينَةِ خَبَالٍ
(The book) ‘Ma’any Al Akhbaar’ – from Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Al Barqy, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Mihran Bin Muhammad, from Sa’ad Al Iskaf,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘One who drinks the wine, or an intoxicant, his Salat will not be Accepted for forty days. If he repeats, Allah-azwj will Quench him from clay of Khabal’.
قُلْتُ وَ مَا طِينَةُ خَبَالٍ
I say, ‘And what is clay of ‘Khabal?’
قَالَ صَدِيدٌ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ فُرُوجِ الزُّنَاةِ.
He-saww said: ‘Pus emerging from private parts of the adulteresses’’.[36]
30- ع، علل الشرائع عَنِ ابْنِ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلرِّضَا ع إِنَّا رُوِينَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص أَنَّ مَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ لَمْ تُحْسَبْ صَلَاتُهُ أَرْبَعِينَ صَبَاحاً
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from Ibn Idrees, from his father, from Ibn Isa, from Ibn Khalid who said,
‘I said to Al-Reza-asws: ‘We are reporting from the Prophet-saww: ‘One who drinks the wine, his Salat will not be counted (accepted) for forty mornings’’.
فَقَالَ صَدَقُوا
He-asws said: ‘They speak the truth’.
فَقُلْتُ فَكَيْفَ لَا تُحْسَبُ صَلَاتُهُ أَرْبَعِينَ صَبَاحاً لَا أَقَلَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَ لَا أَكْثَرَ
I said, ‘How come his Salat will not be counted (accepted) for forty morning, neither less than that nor more?’
قَالَ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى قَدَّرَ خَلْقَ الْإِنْسَانِ فَصَيَّرَ النُّطْفَةَ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً ثُمَّ نَقَلَهَا فَصَيَّرَهَا عَلَقَةً أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً ثُمَّ نَقَلَهَا فَصَيَّرَهَا مُضْغَةً أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً وَ هَذَا إِذَا شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ بَقِيَتْ فِي مُشَاشِهِ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا خُلِقَ مِنْهُ وَ كَذَلِكَ جَمِيعُ غِذَائِهِ وَ أَكْلِهِ وَ شُرْبِهِ تَبْقَى فِي مُشَاشِهِ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً.
He-asws said: ‘Because Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Determined creation of the human being. So he became a seed for forty days, then transformed it so it became a lump for forty days, then transformed it, so it became a lump for forty days, and this one when he drinks the wine, it remains in his interior upon what measurement of what he has been created from, and like that are entirety of his body parts, and his eating and his drinking remains in his interior for forty days’’.[37]
31 سن، المحاسن عَنِ الْبَزَنْطِيِّ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ مِثْلَهُ.
(The book) ‘Al Mahasin’ – from Al Bazanty, from Al Husayn Bin Khalid – similar to it’’.[38]
32- ع، علل الشرائع عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَدِيدٍ وَ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ مَعاً عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: لَا تُحَقِّرَنَّ بِالْبَوْلِ وَ لَا تَتَهَاوَنْ بِهِ وَ لَا بِصَلَاتِكَ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ لَيْسَ مِنِّي مَنِ اسْتَخَفَّ بِصَلَاتِهِ لَا يَرِدُ عَلَيَّ الْحَوْضَ لَا وَ اللَّهِ لَيْسَ مِنِّي مَنْ شَرِبَ مُسْكِراً لَا يَرِدُ عَلَيَّ الْحَوْضَ لَا وَ اللَّهِ.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from his father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Isa, from Ali Bin Hadeed and Ibn Abu Majran, both together from Hammad, from Hareez, from Zurara,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Neither belittle the urine nor deem it insignificant, nor with your Salat, for Rasool-Allah-saww said at his-saww passing away: ‘He isn’t from me-saww, one who takes lightly with his Salat, and he will not return to me-saww at the Fountain. No, by Allah-azwj! He isn’t from me-saww, one who drinks intoxicant, he will not return to me-asws at the Fountain. No, by Allah-azwj!’’[39]
33- ع، علل الشرائع لي، الأمالي للصدوق عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ عَنِ ابْنِ بَزِيعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُذَافِرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ بَعْضِ رِجَالِهِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ الْخَمْرَ لِفِعْلِهَا وَ فَسَادِهَا
(The books) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’, (and) ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – from Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Ibn Abu Al Khattab, from Ibn Bazie, from Ibn Uzafir, from his father, from one of his men,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj has Prohibited the wine due to its works and its corruption’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ ع إِنَّ مُدْمِنَ الْخَمْرِ كَعَابِدِ وَثَنٍ وَ تُورِثُهُ الِارْتِعَاشَ وَ تَهْدِمُ مُرُوَّتَهُ وَ تَحْمِلُهُ عَلَى التَّجَسُّرِ عَلَى الْمَحَارِمِ مِنْ سَفْكِ الدِّمَاءِ وَ رُكُوبِ الزِّنَا حَتَّى لَا يُؤْمَنَ إِذَا سَكِرَ أَنْ يَثِبَ عَلَى حَرَمِهِ وَ هُوَ لَا يَعْقِلُ ذَلِكَ وَ الْخَمْرَةُ لَا تَزِيدُ شَارِبَهَا إِلَّا كُلَّ شَرٍّ.
Then he-asws said: ‘The one habitual of wine is like an idol worshipper, and it will inherit him the trembling, and demolish his personality, and carry him upon the audacity upon the Prohibitions of shedding the blood and indulging in the adultery, to the extent that when he is intoxicated, there is no safety from him leaping upon his sanctimonious one and he does not understand that, and the wine does not increase its drinker except in every evil’’.[40]
34- ع، علل الشرائع عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنِ الْبَطَائِنِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: الْمُضْطَرُّ لَا يَشْرَبُ الْخَمْرَ لِأَنَّهَا لَا تَزِيدُهُ إِلَّا شَرّاً وَ لِأَنَّهُ إِنْ شَرِبَهَا قَتَلَتْهُ فَلَا يَشْرَبْ مِنْهَا قَطْرَةً.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from Ali Bin Hatim, from Muhammad Bin Umar, from Muhammad Bin Aiyad, from Ahmad Bin Al Fazl, from Yunus, from Al Batainy, from Abu Baseer,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The desperate one should not drink the wine because it will not increase him except in evil, and because if he drinks it, it will kill him, so he should not drink a drop from it’’.[41]
وَ رُوِيَ لَا تَزِيدُهُ إِلَّا عَطَشاً.
And it is reported: ‘It will not increase him except in thirst’’.[42]
35- ب، قرب الإسناد عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَخِيهِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْكُحْلِ يَصْلُحُ أَنْ يُعْجَنَ بِالنَّبِيذِ
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Asnaad’ –
‘From Ali, from his brother-asws (7th Imam-asws), said, ‘I asked him-asws about the Kohl (eye liner), ‘Is it correct if it is kneaded with Al-Nabeez (intoxicating drink)?’
قَالَ لَا.
He-asws said: ‘No!’’[43]
36- ثو، ثواب الأعمال عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنِ النَّخَعِيِّ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ الْبَطَائِنِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مُدْمِنُ الْخَمْرِ كَعَابِدِ الْوَثَنِ وَ النَّاصِبُ لِآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ شَرٌّ مِنْهُ
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – from Ibn Al Mutawakkil, from Muhammad Bin Ja’far, from Al Nakhaie, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Batainy, from Abu Baseer who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘The one habitual of wine is like the idol worshipper, and the one hostile to Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww is eviler than him’.
قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ وَ مَنْ شَرٌّ مِنْ عَابِدِ الْوَثَنِ
I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! And who can be eviler than the idol worshipper?’
فَقَالَ إِنَّ شَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ تُدْرِكُهُ الشَّفَاعَةُ يَوْماً مَا وَ إِنَّ النَّاصِبَ لَوْ شَفَعَ فِيهِ أَهْلُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ لَمْ يُشَفَّعُوا.
He-asws said: ‘The one habitual of wine may come across the intercession one day, and the Nasibis (hostile ones), even if people of the skies and the earth were to intercede regarding him, they will not be interceded for’’.[44]
37- ثو، ثواب الأعمال عَنْ مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ عَنْ عَمِّهِ عَنِ الْكُوفِيِّ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ غَالِبٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ سَفَّاكُ الدَّمِ وَ لَا مُدْمِنُ الْخَمْرِ وَ لَا مَشَّاءٌ بِنَمِيمٍ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – from Majaylawiya, from his uncle, from Al Kufy, from Usman Bin Affan, from Ali Bin Ghalib, from a man,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘He will not enter the Paradise – the spiller of blood, nor the one habitual of wine, nor a walker with gossip’’.[45]
38- ثو، ثواب الأعمال عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع قَالَ: تَحْرُمُ الْجَنَّةُ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةٍ الْمَنَّانِ وَ الْقَتَّاتِ وَ مُدْمِنِ الْخَمْرِ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – from his father, from Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Al Barqy, from Usman Bin Isa, from Amro Bin Khalid,
‘From Zayd son of Ali (Bin Al Husayn-asws), from his forefathers-asws, from Amir Al-Momineen‑asws having said: ‘The Paradise is Prohibited unto three – the reproacher upon the favour, and the gossiper, and the habitual of wine’’.[46]
39- ثو، ثواب الأعمال عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنِ ابْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ أَخِيهِ مُوسَى ع قَالَ: حُرِّمَتِ الْجَنَّةُ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةٍ النَّمَّامِ وَ مُدْمِنِ الْخَمْرِ وَ الدَّيُّوثِ وَ هُوَ الْفَاجِرُ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – from Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Al Barqy, from a number of our companions, from Ibn Asbat,
‘From Ali son of Ja’far-asws, from his brother-asws Musa-asws having said: ‘The Paradise is Prohibited unto three – the gossiper, and the one habitual of wine, and the cuckold, and he is the immoral’’.[47]
40- ثو، ثواب الأعمال عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: مُدْمِنُ الْخَمْرِ يَلْقَى اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ كَعَابِدِ وَثَنٍ وَ مَنْ شَرِبَ مِنْهُ شَرْبَةً لَمْ يَقْبَلِ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهُ صَلَاةً أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – from his father, from Al Himeyri, from Ibn Yazeed, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Salim, from Suleyman Bin Khalid,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The one habitual of wine will meet Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic like an idol worshipper, and the one who drinks a drink from it, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic will not Accept any Salat for him for forty days’’.[48]
41- ثو، ثواب الأعمال عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنِ الْأَهْوَازِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ شُرْبُ الْخَمْرِ شَرٌّ أَمْ تَرْكُ الصَّلَاةِ
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – from Ibn Al Waleed, from Ibn Aban, from Al Ahwazy, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Ismail Bin Salim,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘A man asked him-asws, ‘May Allah-azwj Keep you-asws well! Is drinking the wine eviler or neglecting the Salat?’
فَقَالَ شُرْبُ الْخَمْرِ
He-asws said: ‘He said, ‘Drinking the wine’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ وَ تَدْرِي لِمَ ذَاكَ
Then he-asws said: ‘And do you know why that is so?’
قَالَ لَا
He said, ‘No’.
قَالَ لِأَنَّهُ يَصِيرُ فِي حَالٍ لَا يَعْرِفُ رَبَّهُ.
He-asws said: ‘Because he comes to be in a state, he does not recognise his Lord-azwj’’.[49]
42- ثو، ثواب الأعمال عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ص قَالَ: يَجِيءُ مُدْمِنُ الْخَمْرِ الْمُسْكِرِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مُزْرَقَّةً عَيْنَاهُ مُسْوَدّاً وَجْهُهُ مَائِلًا شَفَتُهُ يَسِيلُ لُعَابُهُ مَشْدُودَةً نَاصِيَتُهُ إِلَى إِبْهَامِ قَدَمَيْهِ خَارِجَةً يَدُهُ مِنْ صُلْبِهِ فَيَفْزَعُ مِنْهُ أَهْلُ الْجَمْعِ إِذَا رَأَوْهُ مُقْبِلًا إِلَى الْحِسَابِ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – from his father, from Muhammad Bin Abu Al Qasim, from Haroun Bin Muslim, from Mas’ada Bin Ziyad,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws: ‘The Prophet-saww said: ‘The one habitual of wine will come on the Day of Qiyamah, his eyes will be blue, his face dark, his lips inclined, his saliva will be flowing, his forelocks tied to big toes of his feet, his hand will emerge from his loins. The people of the gathering will be alarmed when they see him coming forward to the Reckoning’’.[50]
43- ثو، ثواب الأعمال عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ مَرْوَكٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنِ اكْتَحَلَ بِمِيلٍ مِنْ مُسْكِرٍ كَحَلَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِمِيلٍ مِنْ نَارٍ
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – from his father, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Al Ashary, from Ibn Yazeed, from Marwak, from a man,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘One who applies Kohl with a needle of an intoxicant, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic will Apply in his eyes with a needle of fire’.
وَ قَالَ إِنَّ أَهْلَ الرِّيِّ فِي الدُّنْيَا مِنَ الْمُسْكِرِ يَمُوتُونَ عَطَاشَى وَ يُحْشَرُونَ عَطَاشَى وَ يَدْخُلُونَ النَّارَ عَطَاشَى.
And he-asws said: ‘People of the world saturated from the intoxication will be dying thirsty, and Resurrected thirsty, and will be entering the Fire thirsty’’.[51]
44- ثو، ثواب الأعمال عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الصَّحَارِي عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ شَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ فَقَالَ لَمْ تُقْبَلْ مِنْهُ صَلَاةٌ مَا دَامَ فِي عُرُوقِهِ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – from Ja’far, from his father Al-Hassan Bin Ali Bin Abdullah Bin Al Mugheira, from Al Abbas Bin Aamir, from Abu Al Sahary,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, he (the narrator) said: ‘I asked him-asws about the drinker of wine. He‑asws said: ‘His Salat is not Accepted from him for as long as there is something from it in his veins (forty days)’’.[52]
45- ثو، ثواب الأعمال بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَمَّنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ جَعَلَ لِلشَّرِّ أَقْفَالًا وَ جَعَلَ مَفَاتِيحَ تِلْكَ الْأَقْفَالِ الشَّرَابَ وَ أَشَرُّ مِنَ الشَّرَابِ الْكَذِبُ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – by the chain from Al-Hassan, from Usman Bin Isa, from Ibn Muskan, from the one who reported it,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Made locks for the evil and Made keys for those locks the (intoxicating) drinks, and eviler than the drinks, is the lying’’.[53]
46- ثو، ثواب الأعمال عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ الْيَقْطِينِيِّ عَنِ النَّضْرِ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ع قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ جَعَلَ لِلْمَعْصِيَةِ بَيْتاً ثُمَّ جَعَلَ لِلْبَيْتِ بَاباً ثُمَّ جَعَلَ لِلْبَابِ غَلَقاً ثُمَّ جَعَلَ لِلْغَلَقِ مِفْتَاحاً وَ مِفْتَاحُ الْمَعْصِيَةِ الْخَمْرُ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – from Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Al Yaqteeny, from Al Nazr, from Yaqoub Bin Shueyb,
‘From one of the two (5th or 6th Imam-asws) having said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Made a house for the disobedience, then Made a door for the house, then Made a lock for the door, then Made a key for the lock – and a key for the disobedience is the wine’’.[54]
47- ثو، ثواب الأعمال عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: مُدْمِنُ الزِّنَا وَ السَّرَقِ وَ الشُّرْبِ كَعَابِدِ وَثَنٍ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – from his father, from Sa’ad, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Ibn Ameyra, from Mansour, from Abu Baseer,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The one habitual of adultery, and the theft, and the (intoxicating) drink is like an idol worshipper’’.[55]
48- ثو، ثواب الأعمال عَنِ ابْنِ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْقُمِّيِّ رَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: الْغِنَاءُ عُشُّ النِّفَاقِ وَ شُرْبُ الْخَمْرِ مِفْتَاحُ كُلِّ شَرٍّ وَ شَارِبُ الْخَمْرِ مُكَذِّبٌ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ لَوْ صَدَّقَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ حَرَّمَ حَرَامَهُ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – from Ibn Idrees, from his father, from Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Ja’far Al Qummi, raising it to,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘The singing is the nest of hypocrisy, and drinking the wine is a key to all evil, and the drinker of wine is a belier of the Book of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and had he ratified the Book of Allah-azwj, he would have prohibited its Prohibitions’’.[56]
49- ثو، ثواب الأعمال عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مُصَدِّقٍ عَنْ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: سُئِلَ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ إِذَا شَرِبَ الْمُسْكِرَ مَا حَالُهُ
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – from Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Ahmad Bin Al-Hassan, from Amro Bin Saeed, from Musaddiq, from Ammar,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘He-asws was asked about the man when he drinks the wine, ‘What is his state?’
قَالَ لَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ صَلَاتَهُ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ تَوْبَةٌ فِي الْأَرْبَعِينَ وَ إِنْ مَاتَ فِيهَا دَخَلَ النَّارَ.
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj will not Accept his Salat for forty days, and there isn’t any repentance for him during the forty (days), and if dies during it, he enters the Fire’’.[57]
50- ثو، ثواب الأعمال عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْكَاتِبِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: أَقْبَلَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ ع فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ قَوْمٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ فَقَالُوا هَذَا إِلَهُ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ وَ لَوْ بَعَثْتُمْ إِلَيْهِ بَعْضَكُمْ فَسَأَلَهُ
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – from his father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Hashim, from Amro Bin Usman, from Ahmad Bin Ismail the scribe, from his father who said,
‘Muhammad Bin Ali-asws came in the Sacred Masjid. A group of Quraysh looked at him-asws. They said, ‘This one is a god of people of Al-Iraq’. One of them said, ‘And if one of you could go to him-asws and ask him-asws’.
فَأَتَاهُ شَابٌّ مِنْهُمْ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا عَمِّ مَا أَكْبَرُ الْكَبَائِرِ
A youth from them came to him-asws. He said to him-asws, ‘O uncle! What is the most major of the major sins?’
فَقَالَ شُرْبُ الْخَمْرِ
He-asws said: ‘Drinking the wine’.
He went to them and informed them. They said to him, ‘Return to him-asws’. They did not cease with him until he returned to him-asws and asked him-asws.
فَأَتَاهُمْ فَأَخْبَرَهُمْ فَقَالُوا لَهُ عُدْ إِلَيْهِ فَلَمْ يَزَالُوا بِهِ حَتَّى عَادَ إِلَيْهِ فَسَأَلَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَ لَمْ أَقُلْ لَكَ يَا ابْنَ أَخِ شُرْبُ الْخَمْرِ يُدْخِلُ صَاحِبَهُ فِي الزِّنَا وَ السَّرِقَةِ وَ قَتْلِ النَّفْسِ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ بِالْحَقِّ وَ فِي الشِّرْكِ بِاللَّهِ أَفَاعِيلُ الْخَمْرِ تَعْلُو عَلَى كُلِّ ذَنْبٍ كَمَا تَعْلُو شَجَرَتُهَا عَلَى كُلِّ شَجَرَةٍ.
He-asws said to him: ‘Did I-asws not say to you, O son of a brother? Drinking the wine enters its owner into the adultery, and the theft, and killing the soul which Allah-azwj has Prohibited, by the right, and into associating (Shirk) with Allah-azwj. The doer (drinker) of wine is higher upon every sin just as its tree is higher upon every tree’’.[58]
51 ثو، ثواب الأعمال عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنِ الْعَمْرَكِيِّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلرِّضَا ع إِنَّ ابْنَ دَاوُدَ يَذْكُرُ أَنَّكَ قُلْتَ لَهُ شَارِبُ الْخَمْرِ كَافِرٌ
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – from his father, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Al Ashari, from Al Amraki who said,
‘I said to Al-Reza-asws, ‘Ibn Dawood mentioned that you-asws had said to him: ‘The drinker of wine is a Kafir’?’
قَالَ صَدَقَ قَدْ قُلْتُ لَهُ.
He-asws said: ‘He spoke the truth. I-asws had said it to him’’.[59]
52 ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام الْخَمْرُ تُورِثُ قَسَاوَةَ الْقَلْبِ وَ يُسَوِّدُ الْأَسْنَانَ وَ يُبْخِرُ الْفَمَ وَ يُبَعِّدُ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَ يُقَرِّبُ مِنْ سَخَطِهِ وَ هُوَ مِنْ شَرَابِ إِبْلِيسَ.
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – ‘(Drinking) the wine inherits cruelty of the heart, and blackens the teeth, and odour of the mouth, and distances from Allah-azwj, and draws closer to His-azwj Wrath, and it is from the drinks of Iblees-la’’.[60]
وَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص شَارِبُ الْخَمْرِ مَلْعُونٌ شَارِبُ الْخَمْرِ كَعَبَدَةِ الْأَوْثَانِ يُحْشَرُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مَعَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَ هَامَانَ.
And the Prophet-saww said: ‘The drinker of wine is accursed! The drinker of wine is like an idol worshipper. He will be Resurrected on the Day of Qiyamah with Pharaoh-la and Haman-la’’.[61]
53 سن، المحاسن عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ الْجَهْمِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ بَعْضِ الصَّالِحِينَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَلْعُونٌ مَلْعُونٌ مَنْ جَلَسَ طَائِعاً عَلَى مَائِدَةٍ يُشْرَبُ عَلَيْهَا الْخَمْرُ.
(The book) ‘Al Mahasin’ – from his father, from Haroun Bin Al Jahm, from Muhammad Bin Suleyman,
‘From one of the righteous ones-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Accursed! Accursed is the one willingly sitting at a table the wine is being drunk upon’’.[62]
54 سن، المحاسن عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ الْجَهْمِ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع بِالْحِيرَةِ حِينَ قَدِمَ عَلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ فَخَتَنَ بَعْضُ الْقُوَّادِ ابْناً لَهُ وَ صَنَعَ طَعَاماً وَ دَعَا النَّاسَ فَكَانَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِيمَنْ دُعِيَ
(The book) ‘Al Mahasin’ – from Haroun Bin Al Jaham who said,
‘We were with Abu Abdullah-asws at Al Hira when he-asws arrived to Abu Ja’far (the caliph). One of the leaders had circumcised a boy of his and made food, and invited the people. Abu Abdullah-asws was among the ones invited.
فَبَيْنَا ما هُوَ عَلَى الْمَائِدَةِ يَأْكُلُ وَ مَعَهُ عِدَّةٌ عَلَى الْمَائِدَةِ فَاسْتَسْقَى رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ فَأُوتِيَ بِقَدَحٍ لَهُ فِيهِ شَرَابٌ فَلَمَّا صَارَ الْقَدَحُ فِي يَدِ الرَّجُلِ قَامَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْمَائِدَةِ فَخَرَجَ
While he-asws was eating at the table and with him-asws were a number (of people) at the table, a mong from them sought to be quenched. He was brought a mug from him wherein was a drink (wine). When the mug came to be in the hand of the man, Abu Abdullah-asws stood up from the table, and went out.
فَسُئِلَ عَنْ قِيَامِهِ فَقَالَ ع قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَلْعُونٌ مَلْعُونٌ مَنْ جَلَسَ عَلَى مَائِدَةٍ يُشْرَبُ عَلَيْهَا الْخَمْرُ.
He-asws was asked about his-asws standing. He-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Accursed! Accursed is the one sitting at a table the wine is being drunk upon’’.[63]
55 ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام اعْلَمْ يَرْحَمُكَ اللَّهُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى حَرَّمَ الْخَمْرَ بِعَيْنِهِ وَ حَرَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص كُلَّ شَرَابٍ مُسْكِرٍ وَ لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْخَمْرَ وَ غَارِسَهَا وَ عَاصِرَهَا وَ حَامِلَهَا وَ الْمَحْمُولَةَ إِلَيْهِ وَ بَائِعَهَا وَ مُتَبَايِعَهَا وَ شَارِبَهَا وَ آكِلَ ثَمَنِهَا وَ سَاقِيَهَا وَ الْمُتَحَوِّلَ فِيهَا فَهِيَ مَلْعُونَةٌ شَرَابٌ لَعِينٌ وَ شَارِبُهَا لَعِينَانِ
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – ‘Know, may Allah-azwj have Mercy on you! Allah Blessed and Exalted had Prohibited the wine in particular, and Rasool-Allah-saww prohibited every intoxicating drink.
And Rasool-Allah-azwj cursed the wine, and its planter, and its squeezer, and its carrier and the one being carried to, and its seller and the one it is being sold to, and its drinker, and consumer of its price, and its quencher, and the converter in it, so it is accursed. A drink with one curse, and its drinker is with two curses’’.
وَ اعْلَمْ أَنَّ شَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ كَعَبَدَةِ الْأَوْثَانِ وَ كَنَاكِحِ أُمِّهِ فِي حَرَمِ اللَّهِ وَ هُوَ يُحْشَرُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مَعَ الْيَهُودِ وَ النَّصَارَى وَ الْمَجُوسِ وَ الَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا أُولئِكَ حِزْبُ الشَّيْطانِ أَلا إِنَّ حِزْبَ الشَّيْطانِ هُمُ الْخاسِرُونَ
And know that the drinker of wine is like an idol worshipper, and like having sex with his mother in the Sanctuary of Allah-azwj, and he will be Resurrected on the Day of Qiyamah with the Jews, and the Christians, and the Magians, and those associating (Shirk with Allah-azwj), They are the Satan’s party. Surely the party of Satan, they would be the losers [58:19].
وَ اعْلَمْ أَنَّ مَنْ شَرِبَ مِنَ الْخَمْرِ قَدَحاً وَاحِداً لَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ صَلَاتَهُ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً وَ مَنْ كَانَ مُؤْمِناً فَلَيْسَ لَهُ فِي الْإِيمَانِ حَظٌّ وَ لَا فِي الْإِسْلَامِ نَصِيبٌ لَا يَقْبَلُ مِنْهُ الصَّرْفَ وَ لَا الْعَدْلَ وَ هُوَ أَقْرَبُ إِلَى الشِّرْكِ مِنَ الْإِيمَانِ خُصَمَاءُ اللَّهِ وَ أَعْدَاؤُهُ فِي أَرْضِهِ شُرَّابُ الْخَمْرِ وَ الزُّنَاةُ
And know that the one who drinks from the wine, one cup, Allah-azwj will not Accept his Salat for forty days; and the one who were a Momin, there wouldn’t be a share for him in the Eman nor any part in Al-Islam. Neither will the exchange be Accepted from him nor the ransom, and he is closer to the Shirk than (to) the Eman. They are contenders of Allah-azwj and His-azwj enemies in His-azwj earth – the drinkers of wine and the adulteresses.
فَإِنْ مَاتَ فِي أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً لَا يَنْظُرُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ لَا يُكَلِّمُهُ وَ لَا يُزَكِّيهِ وَ لَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ وَ لَا تُقْبَلُ تَوْبَتُهُ فِي أَرْبَعِينَ وَ هُوَ فِي النَّارِ لَا شَكَّ فِيهِ
If he dies during the forty days, Allah-azwj will neither Look at him on the Day of Qiyamah, nor Speak to him, nor Purify him, and for him would be the painful Punishment, and his repentance will not be Accepted during the forty (days), and he would be in the Fire, there is no doubt in it.
وَ إِيَّاكَ أَنْ تُزَوِّجَ شَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ فَإِنْ زَوَّجْتَهُ فَكَأَنَّمَا قُدْتَ إِلَى الزِّنَا وَ لَا تُصَدِّقْهُ إِذَا حَدَّثَكَ وَ لَا تَقْبَلْ شَهَادَتَهُ وَ لَا تَأْمَنْهُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْ مَالِكَ فَإِنِ ائْتَمَنْتَهُ فَلَيْسَ لَكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ ضَمَانٌ وَ لَا تُؤَاكِلْهُ وَ لَا تُصَاحِبْهُ وَ لَا تَضْحَكْ فِي وَجْهِهِ وَ لَا تُصَافِحْهُ وَ لَا تُعَانِقْهُ وَ إِنْ مَرِضَ فَلَا تَعُدْهُ وَ إِنْ مَاتَ فَلَا تُشَيِّعْ جَنَازَتَهُ
And beware of marrying (e.g., your daughter) to the drinker of wine. If you were to marry (her to) him, it is as if you are guiding to the adultery, and do not ratify him when he narrates to you, and do not accept his testimony, and do not entrust him upon anything from your wealth. If you entrust him, there wouldn’t be any guarantee for you upon Allah-azwj, and do not rely on him, nor accompany him, nor smile in his face, nor shake his hand, nor hug him; and if he falls sick do not console him, and if he dies do not escort his funeral.
وَ لَا تَأْكُلْ فِي مَائِدَةٍ يُشْرَبُ عَلَيْهَا بَعْدَكَ خَمْرٌ وَ لَا تُجَالِسْ شَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ وَ لَا تُسَلِّمْ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا مَرَرْتَ بِهِ فَإِنْ سَلَّمَ عَلَيْكَ فَلَا تَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامَ بِالْمَسَاءِ وَ الصَّبَاحِ وَ لَا تَجْتَمِعْ مَعَهُ فِي مَجْلِسٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّعْنَةَ إِذَا نَزَلَتْ عَمَّتْ مَنْ فِي الْمَجْلِسِ
And do not eat in a table wine is drunk upon it after you, nor sit the drinker of wine, nor greet unto him when you pass by him. If he were to greet unto you, do not respond the greeting to him in the evening and the morning, and do not gather with him in a gathering, for when the curse descends, it will generalise the ones in the gathering.
وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى حَرَّمَ الْخَمْرَ لِمَا فِيهَا مِنَ الْفَسَادِ وَ بُطْلَانِ الْعُقُولِ فِي الْحَقَائِقِ وَ ذَهَابِ الْحَيَاءِ مِنَ الْوَجْهِ
And Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Prohibited the wine due to what is in it from the corruption, and invalidation of the intellects regarding the realities, and elimination of the modesty from the face.
وَ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا سَكِرَ فَرُبَّمَا وَقَعَ عَلَى أُمِّهِ أَوْ قَتَلَ النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَ يُفْسِدُ أَمْوَالَهُ وَ يَذْهَبُ بِالدِّينِ وَ يُسِيءُ الْمُعَاشَرَةَ وَ يُوقِعُ الْعَرْبَدَةَ وَ هُوَ يُورِثُ مَعَ ذَلِكَ الدَّاءَ الدَّفِينَ فَمَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فِي دَارِ الدُّنْيَا أَسْقَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ طِينَةِ خَبَالٍ وَ هِيَ صَدِيدُ أَهْلِ النَّارِ.
And when the man is intoxicated, he may fall upon his mother (for immorality), or kill the soul which Allah-azwj has Prohibited, and spoil his wealth, and elimination of the religion, and evil co-habitation, and fall into the orgies, and along with that he will inherit the hidden illness. The one who drinks the wine in house of the world, Allah-azwj will Quench him from clay of ‘Khabal’, and it is pus of people of the Fire’’.[64]
وَ رُوِيَ أَنَّ مَنْ سَقَى صَبِيّاً جُرْعَةً مِنْ مُسْكِرٍ سَقَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ طِينَةِ خَبَالٍ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ بِعُذْرٍ مِمَّا أَتَى وَ إِنْ لَا يَأْتِي أَبَداً يَفْعَلُ بِهِ ذَلِكَ مَغْفُوراً لَهُ أَوْ مُعَذَّباً وَ عَلَى شَارِبِ كُلِّ مُسْكِرٍ مِثْلُ مَا عَلَى شَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ مِنَ الْحَدِّ.
And it is reported: ‘One who quenches a young boy a gup of intoxicant, Allah-azwj will Quench him from clay of ‘Khabal’ until he comes with an excuse from what he had committed, and if he does not come with it, ever, that will be done with him, whether he is Forgiven or Punished; and the legal penalty upon a drinker of every intoxicant is similar to what is upon the drinker of wine’’.[65]
56 يج، الخرائج و الجرائح رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: أَوَّلُ مَا مَلَكْتُهُ لَدِينَارَانِ عَلَى عَهْدِ أَبِي وَ كَانَ رَجُلٌ يَشْتَرِي الْأَرْدِيَةَ فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أُبْضِعَهُ فَقَالَ أَبِي لَا تُبْضِعْهُ
(The book) ‘Al Kharaij Wa Al Jaraih’ – It is reported,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The first of what I-asws had owned in the era of my-asws father-asws were two Dinars, and there was a man who bought clothes (for sale), so I-asws wanted to trade through him. My-asws father-asws said: ‘Do not provide him (with the money to buy goods)’’.
قَالَ فَدَفَعْتُ إِلَيْهِ سِرّاً مِنْ أَبِي فَخَرَجَ وَ لَمَّا رَجَعَ بَعَثْتُ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولًا فَقَالَ لَهُ مَا دَفَعَ إِلَيَّ شَيْئاً
He-asws said: ‘I-asws handed it to him secretly from my-asws father-asws. He went out, and when he returned (from his business trip), I-asws sent a messenger to him. He said to him, ‘He-asws had not handed anything to me’’.
قَالَ فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا سَتَرَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَبِي فَذَهَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ بِنَفْسِي وَ قُلْتُ الدِّينَارَانِ قَالَ مَا دَفَعْتَ إِلَيَّ شَيْئاً
He-asws said: ‘I-asws thought, he rather wanted to conceal that from my-asws father-asws. So I-asws went to him myself and said, ‘The two Dinars!’ He said, ‘You-asws had not handed anything to me’.
فَأَتَيْتُ أَبِي فَلَمَّا رَآنِي رَفَعَ إِلَيَّ رَأْسَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ مُتَبَسِّماً يَا بُنَيَّ أَ لَمْ أَقُلْ لَكَ أَنْ لَا تَدْفَعْ إِلَيْهِ إِنَّهُ مَنِ ائْتَمَنَ شَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ ضَمَانٌ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ وَ لا تُؤْتُوا السُّفَهاءَ أَمْوالَكُمُ الَّتِي جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ فَأَيُّ سَفِيهٍ أَسْفَهُ مِنْ شَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ
I-asws went to my-asws father-asws. When he-asws saw me-asws, he-asws raised his-asws head to me‑asws, then said smiling: ‘O my-asws son-asws! Did I-asws not tell you not to hand it to him? Surely the one who entrusts the drinker of wine, there isn’t any guarantee for him upon Allah-azwj. Allah‑azwj Says: And do not give your wealth to the foolish which Allah has made a (means of) support for you, [4:5]. So, which foolish one more foolish than the drinker of wine?
فَلَيْسَ إِنْ أشهدكم [شَهِدَ] لَمْ تُقْبَلْ شَهَادَتُهُ وَ إِنْ شَفَعَ لَمْ يُشَفَّعْ وَ إِنْ خَطَبَ لَمْ يُزَوَّجْ.
If he were to testify to you all, his testimony is not accepted, and if he intercedes, he will not be interceded for, and if he proposes, he will not be married’’.(incomprehensive and derogatory)[66]
57 طب، طب الأئمة عليهم السلام عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ دَوَاءٍ يُعْجَنُ بِالْخَمْرِ لَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُعْجَنَ بِغَيْرِهِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ اضْطِرَارٌ فَقَالَ لَا وَ اللَّهِ لَا يَحِلُّ لِمُسْلِمٍ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ إِلَيْهِ فَكَيْفَ يَتَدَاوَى بِهِ وَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ شَحْمِ الْخِنْزِيرِ الَّذِي يَقَعُ فِي كَذَا وَ كَذَا لَا يَكْمُلُ إِلَّا بِهِ فَلَا شَفَى اللَّهُ أَحَداً شَفَاهُ خَمْرٌ وَ شَحْمُ خِنْزِيرٍ.
(The book) ‘Tibb Al Aimma-asws’, may the greeting be upon them-asws – from Abdullah Bin Ja’far, from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Ibn Muskan, from Al Halby who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about medication kneaded with the wine, not allowed to be kneaded with anything else, but rather it is desperation. He-asws said: ‘No, by Allah-azwj! It is not Permissible for a Muslim to even look at it, so how can he medicate with it? And rather, it is at the status of the pig fat which occurs in such and such (edible items). It is not complete except by it. May Allah-azwj not Heal anyone who tries to be healed by wine and pig fat’’.[67]
58 شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ بَيْنَمَا حَمْزَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَ أَصْحَابٌ لَهُ عَلَى شَرَابٍ لَهُمْ يُقَالُ لَهُ السُّكُرْكَةُ
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Hisham Bin Salim,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I heard him-asws saying: ‘Hamza Bin Abdul Muttalib-as and companions of his-as were upon a beverage of their called Al-Sukarka’.
قَالَ فَتَذَاكَرُوا السريف [السَّدِيفَ] فَقَالَ لَهُمْ حَمْزَةُ كَيْفَ لَنَا بِهِ فَقَالُوا هَذِهِ نَاقَةُ ابْنِ أَخِيكَ عَلِيٍّ فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهَا فَنَحَرَهَا ثُمَّ أَخَذَ كَبِدَهَا وَ سَنَامَهَا فَأَدْخَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ
He-asws said: ‘They mentioned ‘Al-Sareef’. Hamza-as said to them, ‘How can it be for us with it?’ They said, ‘This here is a she-camel of your-as brother-asws Ali-asws’. He-as went to it and slaughtered it, then took its liver and its hump and went to them’.
قَالَ وَ أَقْبَلَ عَلِيٌّ ع فَأَبْصَرَ نَاقَتَهُ فَدَخَلَهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالُوا لَهُ عَمُّكَ حَمْزَةُ صَنَعَ هَذَا
He-asws said: ‘And Ali-asws came and saw his-asws she-camel. (Thoughts) entered him-asws from that. They said to him-asws, ‘Your-asws uncle-as Hamza-as did this’’.
قَالَ فَذَهَبَ ع إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ص فَشَكَا ذَلِكَ إِلَيْهِ
He-asws said: ‘He-asws went to the Prophet-saww and complained of that to him-saww’.
قَالَ فَأَقْبَلَ مَعَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَقِيلَ لِحَمْزَةَ هَذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ بِالْبَابِ
He-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww came with him-asws. It was said to Hamza-as, ‘This is Rasool-Allah‑saww at the door!’’
قَالَ فَخَرَجَ حَمْزَةُ وَ هُوَ مُغْضَبٌ فَلَمَّا رَأَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْغَضَبَ فِي وَجْهِهِ انْصَرَفَ
He-asws said: ‘Hamza-as came out and he-as was angry. When Rasool-Allah-saww saw the anger in his-as face, he-saww left’.
قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ حَمْزَةُ لَوْ أَرَادَ ابْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ أَنْ يَقُودَكَ بِذِمَامٍ فَعَلَ فَدَخَلَ حَمْزَةُ مَنْزِلَهُ وَ انْصَرَفَ النَّبِيُّ ص
He-asws said: ‘Hamza-as said to him-saww: ‘If the son-asws of Abu Talib-as were to lead you-saww to condemnation, would do so’. Hamza-as entered his-as house, and the Prophet-saww left’.
قَالَ وَ كَانَ قَبْلَ أُحُدٍ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَحْرِيمَ الْخَمْرِ فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص بِآنِيَتِهِمْ فَأُكْفِئَتْ.
He-asws said: ‘And it happened before (battle of) Ohad. Allah-azwj Revealed the Prohibition of wine, so Rasool-Allah-saww ordered with their utensils, and it was stopped’’. (incomprehensive and derogatory)[68]
59 شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَقْطِينٍ قَالَ: سَأَلَ الْمَهْدِيُّ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنِ الْخَمْرِ هَلْ هِيَ مُحَرَّمَةٌ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ يَعْرِفُونَ النَّهْيَ وَ لَا يَعْرِفُونَ التَّحْرِيمَ
(The book) ‘Tafseer Al Ayyashi’ – from Ali Bin Yaqteen who said,
‘Al-Mahdy (the caliph) asked Abu Al-Hassan-asws about the wine, ‘Is it Prohibited in the Book of Allah-azwj? The people are recognising the (advisory) Forbiddance and they are not recognising the (absolute) Prohibition’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بَلْ هِيَ مُحَرَّمَةٌ
Abu Al-Hassan-asws said to him: ‘But it is Prohibited (absolutely)’.
قَالَ فِي أَيِّ مَوْضِعٍ هِيَ مُحَرَّمَةٌ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ
He said, ‘In which place is it Forbidden in the Book of Allah-azwj, O Abu Al-Hassan-asws?’
قَالَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى إِنَّما حَرَّمَ رَبِّيَ الْفَواحِشَ ما ظَهَرَ مِنْها وَ ما بَطَنَ وَ الْإِثْمَ وَ الْبَغْيَ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِ
He-asws said: ‘Words of Allah-azwj the Exalted: ‘But rather, My Lord Prohibited the immoralities, whatever is apparent from these and whatever is hidden, and the sin, and the rebellion without the right, [7:33].
فَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ ما ظَهَرَ مِنْها فَيَعْنِي الزِّنَا الْمُعْلَنَ وَ نَصْبَ الرَّايَاتِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ تَرْفَعُهَا الْفَوَاجِرُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ
As for His-azwj Words: whatever is apparent from these, it means the adultery committed openly, and setting up the flags which the immoral women used to raise during the pre-Islamic period.
وَ أَمَّا قَوْلُهُ وَ ما بَطَنَ يَعْنِي مَا نَكَحَ مِنَ الْآبَاءِ فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ كَانُوا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُبْعَثَ النَّبِيُّ ص إِذَا كَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ زَوْجَةٌ وَ مَاتَ عَنْهَا تَزَوَّجَهَا ابْنُهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ إِذَا لَمْ تَكُنْ أُمَّهُ فَحَرَّمَ ذَلِكَ
And as for His-azwj Words: and whatever is hidden, it means what the forefathers had married, for the people were such, before the Sending of the Prophet-saww, whenever there was a wife for the man and he died from her, his son would marry her from after him, when she did not happen to be his mother. So, He-azwj Forbade that.
وَ أَمَّا الْإِثْمُ فَإِنَّهَا الْخَمْرُ بِعَيْنِهَا وَ قَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ يَسْئَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ وَ الْمَيْسِرِ قُلْ فِيهِما إِثْمٌ كَبِيرٌ وَ مَنافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ وَ إِثْمُهُما أَكْبَرُ إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ
And as for: and the sin, it is the wine in particular; and Allah-azwj has Said in another place: They are asking you about the wine and the gambling. Say: ‘In both of these is a grave sin and benefit for the people, and their sin is greater [2:219] – up to end of the Verse.
فَأَمَّا الْإِثْمُ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَهِيَ الْخَمْرُ وَ الْمَيْسِرُ فَهِيَ النَّرْدُ وَ إِثْمُهُمَا كَبِيرٌ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ
As for the sin in the Book of Allah-azwj, it is the wine, and the gambling. It is the dice (games), and their sins are greater like what Allah-azwj Said.
وَ أَمَّا قَوْلُهُ الْبَغْيُ فَهِيَ الزِّنَا سِرّاً
And as for His-azwj Words: and the rebellion – it is the adultery in secret’.
قَالَ فَقَالَ الْمَهْدِيُّ هَذِهِ وَ اللَّهِ فَتْوَى هَاشِمِيَّةٌ.
He-asws said: ‘Al-Mahdy said, ‘By Allah-azwj! This is a Hashemite Fatwa (verdict)’’.[69]
60 شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَ نُوحاً أَنْ يَحْمِلَ فِي السَّفِينَةِ مِنْ كُلٍّ زَوْجَيْنِ اثْنَيْنِ فَحَمَلَ النَّخْلَ وَ الْعَجْوَةَ فَكَانَا زَوْجاً
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Saeed Bin Yasaar,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj Commanded Noah-as to carry in the ship from every pair, two, [11:40]. He carried the date tree, and Al-Ajwa (dates), so these were a pair.
فَلَمَّا أَنْضَبَ اللَّهُ الْمَاءَ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ نُوحاً أَنْ يَغْرِسَ الْحَبَلَةَ وَ هِيَ الْكَرْمُ فَأَتَاهُ إِبْلِيسُ فَمَنَعَهُ مِنْ غَرْسِهَا وَ أَبَى نُوحٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يَغْرِسَهَا وَ أَبَى إِبْلِيسُ أَنْ يَدَعَهُ يَغْرِسُهَا
When Allah-azwj Drained the water, Allah-azwj Commanded Noah-as to plant ‘Al-Habla’ and it is the grape vine. Iblees-as came to him-as. He-as prevented him-la from its plant, and Noah-as refused except that he-as would plant it, and Iblees-la refused to leave him-as to plant it.
فَقَالَ لَيْسَتْ لَكَ وَ لَا لِأَصْحَابِكَ إِنَّمَا هِيَ لِي وَ لِأَصْحَابِي فَتَنَازَعَا مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمَا اصْطَلَحَا عَلَى أَنْ جَعَلَ نُوحٌ لِإِبْلِيسَ ثُلُثَيْهَا وَ لِنَوْحٍ ثُلُثُهُ وَ قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ لِنَبِيِّهِ فِي كِتَابِهِ مَا قَدْ قَرَأْتُمُوهُ وَ مِنْ ثَمَراتِ النَّخِيلِ وَ الْأَعْنابِ تَتَّخِذُونَ مِنْهُ سَكَراً وَ رِزْقاً حَسَناً فَكَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِذَلِكَ
He-as said: ‘It isn’t for you-la nor for your-la companions. But rather it is for me-as and for my-as companions’. They both contended for as long as Allah-azwj so Desired. Then they reconcile upon that Noah-la would make two-thirds of it for Iblees-la, and a third of it would be for Noah‑as, and Allah-azwj has Revealed for His-azwj Prophet-saww in His-azwj Book, what you have read it: And from fruits of the palms and the grapes, you are taking intoxicants from it and a goodly sustenance. [16:67]. The Muslims were (drinking) that.
ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ آيَةَ التَّحْرِيمِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَ الْمَيْسِرُ وَ الْأَنْصابُ إِلَى مُنْتَهُونَ
Then Allah-azwj Revealed the Verse of Prohibition, this Verse: O you who believe! But rather, the wine, and the gambling, and the monuments (for idols), [5:90] – up to Words of the Exalted: abstaining? [5:91].
يَا سَعِيدُ فَهَذِهِ التَّحْرِيمُ وَ هِيَ نَسَخَتِ الْآيَةَ الْأُخْرَى.
O Saeed! So, this is the Prohibition, and it Abrogated the other Verse’’.[70]
61 شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ شَيْخٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: كُنَّا عِنْدَهُ فَسَأَلَهُ شَيْخٌ فَقَالَ بِي وَجَعٌ وَ أَنَا أَشْرَبُ لَهُ النَّبِيذَ وَ وَصَفَهُ لَهُ الشَّيْخُ
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Sayf Bin Ameyra, from sheykh, from our companions,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, he (narrator) said: ‘We were in his-asws presence. An old man asked him-asws. He said, ‘There is pain with me and I drink Al-Nabeez (intoxicating drink) for it’ – and the old man described it to him-asws.
فَقَالَ لَهُ مَا يَمْنَعُكَ مِنَ الْمَاءِ الَّذِي جَعَلَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَيٍّ
He-asws said to him: ‘What prevents you from the water from which Allah-azwj has Made every living thing?’
قَالَ لَا يُوَافِقُنِي
He said, ‘It is not compatible with me’.
قَالَ فَمَا يَمْنَعُكَ مِنَ الْعَسَلِ قَالَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ شِفاءٌ لِلنَّاسِ
He-asws said: ‘What prevents you from the honey? Allah-azwj Said: wherein is healing for the people. [16:69]?’
قَالَ لَا أَجِدُ
He said, ‘I cannot find (honey)’.
قَالَ فَمَا يَمْنَعُكَ مِنَ اللَّبَنِ الَّذِي نَبَتَ مِنْهُ لَحْمُكَ وَ اشْتَدَّ عَظْمُكَ
He-asws said: ‘What prevents you from the milk which your flesh is growing from, and your bones are being strengthened?’
قَالَ لَا يُوَافِقُنِي
He said, ‘It is not compatible with me’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع تُرِيدُ أَنْ آمُرَكَ بِشُرْبِ الْخَمْرِ لَا وَ اللَّهِ لَا آمُرُكَ.
Abu Abdullah-asws said to him: ‘You want me-asws to instruct you with drinking the wine? No, by Allah-azwj, I-asws will not instruct you!’’[71]
62 ين، كتاب حسين بن سعيد و النوادر عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ الْحَدُّ فِي الْخَمْرِ إِنْ شُرِبَ مِنْهُ قَلِيلًا أَوْ كَثِيراً
The book of Husayn Bin Saeed, and ‘Al Nawadir’ – from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Abdullah Bin Sinan who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘The legal penalty is regarding the wine, whether little is drunk from it or more’.
قَالَ وَ أُتِيَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ بِقُدَامَةَ بْنِ مَظْعُونٍ قَدْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ وَ قَامَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْبَيِّنَةُ فَسَأَلَ عَلِيّاً أَنْ يَجْلِدَهُ بِأَمْرِهِ ثَمَانِينَ فَقَالَ قُدَامَةُ لَيْسَ عَلَيَّ جَلْدٌ أَنَا مِنْ أَهْلِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ الَّتِي ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ لَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ عَمِلُوا الصَّالِحاتِ جُناحٌ فِيما طَعِمُوا
And they came to Umar Bin Al-Khattab with Qudamah Bin Mazoun who had drunk the wine, and the proof was established upon him. He asked Ali-asws to whip him eighty for his matter. Qudamah said, ‘The whipping isn’t upon me. I am from the people of this Verse which Allah‑azwj has Mentioned in His-azwj Book: There isn’t a blame upon those who are believing and are doing righteous deeds regarding what they are consuming, [5:93]’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ كَذَبْتَ لَسْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا مَا طَعِمَ أَهْلُهَا فَهُوَ لَهُمْ حَلَالٌ وَ لَيْسُوا يَأْكُلُونَ وَ لَا يَشْرَبُونَ إِلَّا مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ.
Ali-asws said to him: ‘You are lying! You aren’t from its people. What its people had consumed was Permissible for them, and they were neither eating nor drinking except what Allah-azwj had Permitted’’.[72]
63 جع، جامع الأخبار قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ الَّذِي بَعَثَنِي بِالْحَقِّ مَنْ شَرِبَ شَرْبَةً مِنْ مُسْكِرٍ لَمْ تُقْبَلْ صَلَاتُهُ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً وَ لَيْلَةً فَإِنْ تَابَ تَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ مَنْ شَرِبَ شَرْبَتَيْنِ لَمْ يَقْبَلِ اللَّهُ صَلَاتَهُ ثَمَانِينَ يَوْماً وَ لَيْلَةً وَ مَنْ شَرِبَ مِنْهَا ثَلَاثَ شَرَبَاتٍ لَمْ يَقْبَلِ اللَّهُ صَلَاتَهُ مِائَةً وَ عِشْرِينَ يَوْماً وَ لَيْلَةً وَ كَانَ حَقّاً عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يَسْقِيَهُ مِنْ رَدْغَةِ الْخَبَالِ
(The book) ‘Jamie Al Akhbar’ –
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘By the One-azwj Who Sent me-saww with the truth! One who drinks a drink from an intoxicant, his Salat will not be Accepted for forty days and nights. If he repents, Allah-azwj will Turn to him (with Forgiveness); and the one who drinks two drinks, Allah-azwj will not Accept his Salat for eighty days and nights; and one who drinks three drinks from it, Allah‑azwj will not Accept his Salat for one hundred and twenty days and nights, and there would be a right upon Allah-azwj to Quench him from the ooze of Khabal’.
قِيلَ وَ مَا هِيَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ
It was said, ‘And what is it, O Rasool-Allah-saww?’
قَالَ صَدِيدُ أَهْلِ النَّارِ وَ قَيْحُهُمْ
He-saww said: ‘Pus of people of the Fire and their vomit’.
وَ قَالَ ص وَ الَّذِي بَعَثَنِي بِالْحَقِّ إِنَّ شَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ يَجِيءُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مُسْوَدّاً وَجْهُهُ أَزْرَقَ عَيْنَاهُ قَالِصاً شَفَتَاهُ يَسِيلُ لُعَابُهُ عَلَى قَدَمَيْهِ يَقْذَرُ مَنْ رَآهُ
And he-saww said: ‘By the One-azwj Who Sent me-saww with the truth! The drinker of wine will come on the Day of Qiyamah, his face would be darkened, his eyes blue, his lips would be inclined, his saliva drooling upon his feet. One who sees him would see him as filthy’.
وَ قَالَ ص وَ الَّذِي بَعَثَنِي بِالْحَقِّ إِنَّ شَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ يَمُوتُ عَطْشَانَ وَ هُوَ فِي الْقَبْرِ عَطْشَانُ وَ يُبْعَثُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ هُوَ عَطْشَانُ وَ يُنَادِي وَا عَطَشَاهْ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ فَيُؤْتَى بِماءٍ كَالْمُهْلِ يَشْوِي الْوُجُوهَ بِئْسَ الشَّرابُ فَيُنْضَجُ وَجْهُهُ وَ يَتَنَاثَرُ أَسْنَانُهُ وَ عَيْنَاهُ فِي ذَلِكَ الْإِنَاءِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ بُدٌّ مِنْ أَنْ يَشْرَبَ فَيُصْهَرُ مَا فِي بَطْنِهِ
And he-saww said: ‘By the One-azwj Who Sent me-saww with the truth! The drinker of wine will be dying thirsty, and he will be thirsty in his grave, and he will be Resurrect on the Day of Qiyamah and he will be thirsty, and he will be calling out, ‘Oh the thirst!’, for a thousand years, they would be relieved by water like molten copper grilling their faces. Evil is the drink [18:29]. His face will redden, and his teeth and his eyes will shatter in that utensil, but there wouldn’t be any escape for him from drinking, and it would melt what is in his belly’.
وَ قَالَ ع لِأَهْلِ الشَّامِ وَ اللَّهِ الَّذِي بَعَثَنِي بِالْحَقِّ مَنْ كَانَ فِي قَلْبِهِ آيَةٌ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ ثُمَّ صَبَّ عَلَيْهِ الْخَمْرَ يَأْتِي كُلُّ حَرْفٍ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَيُخَاصِمُهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ الْقُرْآنُ خَصْماً كَانَ هُوَ فِي النَّارِ.
And he-saww said to the people of Syria: ‘By Allah-azwj Who Sent me-saww with the truth! One who were to have in his heart a Verse from the Quran, then he pours the wine upon it, on the Day of Qiyamah each letter would come and dispute with him in front of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic; and the one who were to have the Quran as a contender to him, he would be in the Fire’’.[73]
عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَنْدَلِيبِ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ سَلْمَانَ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ فِي جَهَنَّمَ لَوَادِياً يَسْتَغِيثُ مِنْهُ أَهْلُ النَّارِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ سَبْعِينَ أَلْفَ مَرَّةٍ فِي ذَلِكَ الْوَادِي بَيْتٌ مِنْ نَارٍ فِي ذَلِكَ الْبَيْتِ جُبٌّ مِنْ نَارٍ فِي ذَلِكَ الْجُبِّ تَابُوتٌ مِنْ نَارٍ فِي ذَلِكَ التَّابُوتِ حَيَّةٌ لَهَا أَلْفُ رَأْسٍ فِي كُلِّ رَأْسٍ أَلْفُ فَمٍ فِي كُلِّ فَمٍ عَشَرَةُ آلَافِ نَابٍ وَ كُلُّ نَابٍ أَلْفُ ذِرَاعٍ
From Ali Bin Andaleyb Bin Musa, from Ismail Bin Salman, from Anas Bin Malik (well known fabricator) who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘In Hell there is a valley the people of the Fire will be crying for help from it, seventy thousand times every day. In that valley there is a house of fire. In that house there is a pit of fire. In that pit there is a coffin of fire. In that coffin there is a snake for it having a thousand heads. In each head there are a thousand mouth. In every mouth there are twenty thousand fangs, and each fang is of a thousand cubits’.
قَالَ أَنَسٌ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص لِمَنْ يَكُونُ هَذَا الْعَذَابُ
Anas said, ‘I said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! For whom would be this Punishment?’
قَالَ ص لِشَرَبَةِ الْخَمْرِ مِنْ حَمَلَةِ الْقُرْآنِ.
He-saww said: ‘For the drinker of wine from the bearers (memorisers) of the Quran’’.[74]
وَ قَالَ ص شَارِبُ الْخَمْرِ كَعَابِدِ الْوَثَنِ.
And he-saww said: ‘The drinker of wine is like an idol worshipper’’.[75]
وَ قَالَ ص مَنْ بَاتَ سَكْرَانَ بَاتَ عَرُوساً لِلشَّيْطَانِ.
From Anas Bin Malik (well known fabricator): ‘And he-saww said: ‘One who spends a night intoxicated, spends the night as a bride for the Satan-la’’.[76]
وَ قَالَ ص مَنْ كَانَ فِي قَلْبِهِ آيَةٌ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ أَوْ حَرْفٌ فَصَبَّ عَلَيْهَا الْخَمْرَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُخَاصِمُهُ الْقُرْآنُ.
From Anas Bin Malik (well known fabricator): ‘And he-saww said: ‘One in whose heart were to be a Verse from the Quran, or a letter, so he pours the wine upon it, the Quran will contend him on the Day of Qiyamah’’.[77]
وَ قَالَ ص الْخَمْرُ أُمُّ الْخَبَائِثِ.
From Anas Bin Malik (well known fabricator): ‘And he-saww said: ‘The wine is mother of the wickedness(es)’’.[78]
وَ قَالَ ص جُمِعَ الشَّرُّ كُلُّهُ فِي بَيْتٍ وَ جُعِلَ مِفْتَاحُهُ شُرْبَ الْخَمْرِ.
From Anas Bin Malik (well known fabricator): ‘And he-saww said: ‘The evil, all of it is collected in a house and drinking the wine is made to be its key’’.[79]
وَ قَالَ ص مَنْ بَاتَ سَكْرَانَ عَايَنَ مَلَكَ الْمَوْتِ سَكْرَانَ وَ دَخَلَ الْقَبْرَ سَكْرَانَ وَ يُوقَفُ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اللَّهِ سَكْرَانَ فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ لَهُ مَا لَكَ
From Anas Bin Malik (well known fabricator): ‘And he-saww said: ‘One who spends a night intoxicate will witness the Angel of death while being intoxicated, and will enter the grave intoxicated, and will stand in front of Allah-azwj intoxicate. Allah-azwj will Say to him: “What is the matter with you?”
فَيَقُولُ أَنَا سَكْرَانُ
He will say, ‘I am intoxicated’.
فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِهَذَا أَمَرْتُكَ اذْهَبُوا بِهِ إِلَى سَكْرَانَ
Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic will Say: “With this I-azwj Command you! Go with him to the intoxicated ones!”
فَيُذْهَبُ إِلَى جَبَلٍ فِي وَسَطِ جَهَنَّمَ فِيهِ عَيْنٌ تُجْرِي مِدَّةً وَ دَماً لَا يَكُونُ طَعَامُهُ وَ شَرَابُهُ إِلَّا مِنْهُ.
He will be taken to a mountain in the midst of Hell wherein would be a sprink of flowing vomit and blood. His food and his drink will not be except from it’’.[80]
وَ قَالَ ع حَلَفَ رَبِّي بِعِزَّتِهِ لَا يَشْرَبُ عَبْدٌ مِنْ عِبَادِي جُرْعَةً مِنْ خَمْرٍ إِلَّا سَقَيْتُهُ مِثْلَهَا مِنَ الصَّدِيدِ مَغْفُوراً كَانَ أَوْ مُعَذَّباً وَ لَا يَتْرُكُهَا عَبْدٌ مِنْ مَخَافَتِي إِلَّا سَقَيْتُهُ مِثْلَهَا مِنْ حِيَاضِ الْقُدْسِ.
From Anas Bin Malik (well known fabricator): ‘And he-saww said: ‘My-saww Lord Swore an oath by His‑azwj Might: “No servant from My-azwj servants will drink a gulp of wine except I-azwj shall Quench him similar to it from the pus, whether it is Forgiven for him or Punished; and no servant will neglect it from fearing Me-azwj except I-saww shall Quench him similar to it from the Holy fountains!”’[81]
وَ قَالَ ع لَا تُجَالِسُوا مَعَ شَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ وَ لَا تَعُودُوا مَرْضَاهُمْ وَ لَا تُشَيِّعُوا جَنَائِزَهُمْ وَ لَا تُصَلُّوا عَلَى أَمْوَاتِهِمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ كِلَابُ أَهْلِ النَّارِ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ اخْسَؤُا فِيها وَ لا تُكَلِّمُونِ.
From Anas Bin Malik (well known fabricator): ‘And he-saww said: ‘Do not sit with the drinker of wine, nor console their sick ones, nor escort their funerals, nor pray Salat upon their dead, for they are dogs of the people of Fire like what Allah-azwj Said: ‘ “Go away into it and do not speak to Me!” [23:108]’’.[82]
وَ عَنْهُ ع أَلَا مَنْ أَطْعَمَ شَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ بِلُقْمَةٍ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ أَوْ شَرْبَةٍ مِنَ الْمَاءِ لَسَلَّطَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي قَبْرِهِ حَيَّاتٍ وَ عَقَارِبَ طُولُ أَسْنَانِهَا مِائَةٌ وَ عَشْرُ ذِرَاعٍ وَ أَطْعَمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مِنْ صَدِيدِ جَهَنَّمَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ
From Anas Bin Malik (well-known fabricator): ‘And from him-saww: ‘Indeed! One who feeds the drinker of wine with a morsel of food, or a drink of water, Allah-azwj the Exalted will Cause him to be prevailed upon in his grave by snakes and scorpions, the length of their teeth are of one hundred and ten cubits, and Allah-azwj the Exalted will Feed him from pus of Hell on the Day of Qiyamah.
وَ مَنْ قَضَى حَاجَتَهُ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَتَلَ أَلْفَ مُؤْمِنٍ أَوْ هَدَمَ الْكَعْبَةَ أَلْفَ مَرَّةٍ وَ مَنْ سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ فَعَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ سبعون [سَبْعِينَ] أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ لَعَنَ اللَّهُ شَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ وَ عَاصِرَهَا وَ سَاقِيَهَا وَ حَامِلَهَا وَ الْمَحْمُولَ إِلَيْهِ.
And one who fulfils his need, it is as if he has killed a thousand Momin, or demolished the Kaaba a thousand times; and one who greets unto him, upon him is curses of seventy thousand Angels. Allah-azwj has Cursed the drinker of wine, and its squeezer, and its quencher, and its carrier, and the one it is being carried to’’.[83]
وَ عَنْهُ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: الْعَبْدُ إِذَا شَرِبَ شَرْبَةً مِنَ الْخَمْرِ ابْتَلَاهُ اللَّهُ بِخَمْسَةِ أَشْيَاءَ فِي الْأَوَّلِ قَسَا قَلْبُهُ وَ فِي الثَّانِي تَبَرَّأَ مِنْهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ وَ مِيكَائِيلُ وَ إِسْرَافِيلُ وَ جَمِيعُ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ تَبَرَّأَ مِنْهُ جَمِيعُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَ الْأَئِمَّةِ وَ فِي الرَّابِعَةِ تَبَرَّأَ مِنْهُ الْجَبَّارُ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ
From Anas Bin Malik (well known fabricator): ‘And from him-saww having said: ‘When the servant drinks a drink of wine, Allah-azwj will Afflict him with five things – in the first is cruelty of his heart, and in the second Jibraeel-as, and Mikaeel-as, and Israfeel-as and entirety of the Angels disavow from him, and in the third entirety of the Prophets-as and the Imams-asws disavow from him, and in the fourth the Subduer, Majestic is His-azwj Majestic Disavows from him.
وَ الْخَامِسُ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ أَمَّا الَّذِينَ فَسَقُوا فَمَأْواهُمُ النَّارُ كُلَّما أَرادُوا أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا مِنْها أُعِيدُوا فِيها وَ قِيلَ لَهُمْ ذُوقُوا عَذابَ النَّارِ الَّذِي كُنْتُمْ بِهِ تُكَذِّبُونَ.
And the fifth are Words of the Mighty and Majestic: And as for those who transgress, their abode is the Fire. Every time they intend to exit from it, there would be returned into it, and it would be said to them: ‘Taste Punishment of the Fire which you were belying with!’ [32:20]’’.[84]
وَ عَنْهُ ع إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ جَهَنَّمَ جِنْسٌ مِنْ عَقْرَبٍ رَأْسُهُ فِي السَّمَاءِ السَّابِعَةِ وَ ذَنَبُهُ إِلَى تَحْتِ الثَّرَى وَ فَمُهُ مِنَ الْمَشْرِقِ إِلَى الْمَغْرِبِ فَقَالَ أَيْنَ مَنْ حَارَبَ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ
From Anas Bin Malik (well known fabricator): ‘And from him-saww: ‘When it will be the Day of Qiyamah, there shall emerge from Hell a species of scorpion. Its head would be in the seventh sky and its tail to beneath the soil, and its mouth from the east to the west. It will said, ‘Where is the one who fled Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww?’
ثُمَّ هَبَطَ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع فَقَالَ يَا عَقْرَبُ مَنْ تُرِيدُ
Then Jibraeel-as will come down. He-as will say: ‘O scorpion! Whom do you intend?’
قَالَ أُرِيدُ خَمْسَةَ نَفَرٍ تَارِكَ الصَّلَاةِ وَ مَانِعَ الزَّكَاةِ وَ آكِلَ الرِّبَا وَ شَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ وَ قَوْماً يُحَدِّثُونَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ حَدِيثَ الدُّنْيَا.
It will said: ‘I intend five persons – the neglecter of Salat, the preventer of Zakat, and consumer of the interest, and the drinker of wine, and a group who were discussing in the Masjid discussions of the world’’.[85]
وَ عَنْهُ ص الْخَمْرُ جِمَاعُ الْإِثْمِ وَ أُمُّ الْخَبَائِثِ وَ مِفْتَاحُ الشَّرِّ.
From Anas Bin Malik (well known fabricator): ‘And from him-saww: ‘The wine is a collection of sins, and the mother of wickedness(es), and the key of evil’’.[86]
وَ عَنْهُ ع يَا عَلِيُّ مَنْ تَرَكَ الْخَمْرَ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ سَقَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الرَّحِيقِ الْمَخْتُومِ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَ اللَّهِ صِيَانَةً لِنَفْسِهِ يَشْكُرُهُ اللَّهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ.
From Anas Bin Malik (well known fabricator): ‘And from him-saww: ‘O Ali-asws! One who neglects the wine for other than Allah-azwj, Allah-azwj will Quench him from the Sealed Nectar’. Ali-asws said: ‘For other than Allah-azwj?’ He-saww said: ‘Yes, by Allah-azwj! A favour to himself, Allah-azwj Thanking him upon that’’.[87]
وَ قَالَ ص يَا عَلِيُّ شَارِبُ الْخَمْرِ لَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ صَلَاتَهُ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً وَ إِنْ مَاتَ فِي الْأَرْبَعِينَ مَاتَ كَافِراً.
From Anas Bin Malik (well known fabricator): ‘And he-saww said: ‘O Ali-asws! The drinker of wine, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic will not Accept his Salat for forty days, and if he were to die during the forty (days), dies a Kafir’’.[88]
وَ قَالَ ع يَا عَلِيُّ يَأْتِي عَلَى شَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ سَاعَةٌ لَا يَعْرِفُ فِيهَا رَبَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ.
From Anas Bin Malik (well known fabricator): And he-saww said: ‘O Ali-asws! There shall come a time upon the drinker of wine, he will not recognise his Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic during it’’.[89]
رُوِيَ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: شَارِبُ الْخَمْرِ إِذَا مَرِضَ فَلَا تَعُودُوهُ وَ إِذَا مَاتَ فَلَا تَشْهَدُوهُ وَ إِذَا شَهِدَ فَلَا تُزَكُّوهُ وَ إِذَا خَطَبَ إِلَيْكُمْ فَلَا تُزَوِّجُوهُ فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ زَوَّجَ ابْنَتَهُ شَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَادَهَا إِلَى الزِّنَا.
It is reported from Al Sadiq-asws having said: ‘The drinker of wine, when he falls sick do not console him, when he dies do not attend him (funeral), and when he testifies do not purify him (accept it), and when he proposes to you do not marry to him, for the one who marries his daughter to the drinker of wine, he has rather led her to the adultery’’.[90]
وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فِي الدُّنْيَا سَقَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ سَمِّ الْأَسَاوِدِ وَ مِنْ سَمِّ الْعَقَارِبِ شَرْبَةً يَتَسَاقَطُ مِنْهَا لَحْمُ وَجْهِهِ فِي الْإِنَاءِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَشْرَبَهَا فَإِذَا شَرِبَهَا تَفَسَّخَ لَحْمُهُ وَ جِلْدُهُ كَالْجِيفَةِ يَتَأَذَّى بِهِ أَهْلُ الْجَمْعِ وَ يُؤْمَرُ بِهِ إِلَى النَّارِ
And Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘One who drinks a drink of wine in the world, Allah-azwj will Quench him from such venom of black snakes, and from venom of scorpions, the flesh of his fall will fall off in the container before he even drinks it. When he does drink it, his flesh and his skin will disintegrate like (that of the) corpse. The people of the gathering will be hurt by it, and he will be Commanded with to the Fire.
أَلَا وَ شَارِبُهَا وَ عَاصِرُهَا وَ مُعْصِرُهَا وَ بَائِعُهَا وَ مُبْتَاعُهَا وَ حَامِلُهَا وَ الْمَحْمُولَةُ إِلَيْهِ وَ آكِلُ ثَمَنِهَا سَوَاءٌ فِي إِثْمِهَا وَ لَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لَهُمْ صَلَاةً وَ لَا صَوْماً وَ لَا حَجّاً وَ لَا عُمْرَةً حَتَّى يَتُوبَ وَ لَوْ مَاتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتُوبَ كَانَ حَقّاً عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يَسْقِيَهُ بِكُلِّ جُرْعَةٍ فِي الدُّنْيَا شَرْبَةً مِنْ صَدِيدِ جَهَنَّمَ
Indeed, and its drinker, and its squeezer, and its juicer, and its seller and one it is sold to, and its carrier and one it is carried to, and consumer of its price are (all) same in its sin, and Allah‑azwj the Exalted will neither Accept for them any Salat, nor fast, nor Hajj, nor Umrah until they repent; and if he were to die before he repents, there would be a right upon Allah-azwj to Quench him, for every gulp in the world, a drink from pus of Hell’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَلَا وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حَرَّمَ الْخَمْرَ بِعَيْنِهَا وَ الْمُسْكِرَ مِنْ كُلِّ شَرَابٍ أَلَا وَ إِنَّ كُلَّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ
Then Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Indeed, and even though Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic had Prohibited the wine in particular, the intoxication for every drink is prohibited’.
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَثَلُ شَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ كَمَثَلِ الْكِبْرِيتِ فَاحْذَرُوهُ لَا يُنَتِّنُكُمْ كَمَا يُنَتِّنُ الْكِبْرِيتُ وَ إِنَّ شَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ يُصْبِحُ وَ يُمْسِي فِي سَخَطِ اللَّهِ وَ مَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ يَبِيتُ سَكْرَانَ إِلَّا كَانَ لِلشَّيْطَانِ عَرُوساً إِلَى الصَّبَاحِ فَإِذَا أَصْبَحَ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَغْتَسِلَ كَمَا يَغْتَسِلُ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَغْتَسِلْ لَمْ يُقْبَلْ مِنْهُ صَرْفٌ وَ لَا عَدْلٌ وَ لَا يَمْشِي عَلَى ظَهْرِ الْأَرْضِ أَبْغَضُ إِلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ شَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ.
Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘An example of the drinker of wine is like an example of the matchstick. Be cautious it does not ignite you just as the matchstick ignites; and the drinker of wine, in the morning and evening is in the Annoyance of Allah-azwj; and there is no one spending a night intoxicated except he would be a bride for the Satan-la up to the morning. When it is morning, it will be obligatory upon him to wash just as one washes from the sexual impurity. If he does not wash, neither exchange nor ransom will be Accepted from him; and there is no one walking upon the earth who is more Hateful to Allah-azwj than the drinker of wine is’’.[91]
رَوَى سَلْمَانُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ مَسَاءً أَصْبَحَ مُشْرِكاً وَ مَنْ شَرِبَ صَبَاحاً أَمْسَى مُشْرِكاً وَ مَا أَسْكَرَ الْكَثِيرُ مِنْهُ فَقَلِيلُهُ حَرَامٌ.
It is reported by Salman-ra, from the Prophet-saww having said: ‘One who drinks the wine in the evening, will be a polytheist in the morning, and one who drinks in the morning will be a Polytheist in the evening; and whatever the more from it intoxicates, the little of it is Prohibited’’.[92]
وَ قَالَ ص مَنْ سَلَّمَ عَلَى شَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ أَوْ عَانَقَهُ أَوْ صَافَحَهُ أَحْبَطَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ عَمَلَ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً.
And he-saww said: ‘One who greets unto the drinker of wine, or hugs him, or shakes his hand, Allah-azwj will Nullify his deeds of forty years’’.[93]
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنْ أَطْعَمَ شَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ لُقْمَةً سَلَّطَ اللَّهُ عَلَى جَسَدِهِ حَيَّةً وَ عَقْرَباً وَ مَنْ قَضَى حَاجَتَهُ فَقَدْ أَعَانَ عَلَى هَدْمِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ مَنْ أَقْرَضَهُ فَقَدْ أَعَانَ عَلَى قَتْلِ مُؤْمِنٍ
From Ayesha,
‘From the Prophet-saww having said: ‘One who feeds a morsel to the drinker of wine, Allah-azwj will Cause his body to be prevailed by snakes and scorpions; and the one who fulfills his heed, so he has assisted upon demolishing Al Islam; and one who lends to him as assisted upon killing a Momin.
مَنْ جَالَسَهُ حَشَرَهُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَعْمَى لَا حُجَّةَ لَهُ وَ مَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فَلَا تُزَوِّجُوهُ وَ إِنْ مَرِضَ فَلَا تَعُودُوهُ
One who sits to him, Allah-azwj will Resurrect him on the Day of Qiyamah as blind having not need for him; and one who drinks the wine do not marry to him, and if he is sick do not console him.
فَوَ الَّذِي بَعَثَنِي بِالْحَقِّ نَبِيّاً إِنَّهُ مَا شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ إِلَّا مَلْعُونٌ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَ الْإِنْجِيلِ وَ الْفُرْقَانِ.
By the One-azwj Who Sent me-saww with the truth as a Prophet-saww! Surely no one will drink the wine except one Accursed in the Torah, and the Evangel, and the Furqan’’.[94]
وَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص يَا ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ وَ الَّذِي بَعَثَنِي بِالْحَقِّ لَيَأْتِي عَلَى النَّاسِ زَمَانٌ يَسْتَحِلُّونَ الْخَمْرَ وَ يُسَمُّونَهُ النَّبِيذَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ وَ الْمَلائِكَةِ وَ النَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ أَنَا مِنْهُمْ بَرِيءٌ وَ هُمْ مِنِّي بِرَاءٌ
And the Prophet-saww said: ‘O Ibn Masoud! By the One-azwj Who Sent me-saww with the truth! A time shall come unto the people they will be legalising the wine and will be naming it as ‘Nabeez’, upon them is Curse of Allah-azwj, and of the Angels and of the people in their entirety! I-saww am disavowed from them and they are disavowed from me-saww!
يَا ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ الزَّانِي بِأُمِّهِ أَهْوَنُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِي الرِّبَا مِثْقَالَ حَبَّةٍ مِنْ خَرْدَلٍ وَ شُرْبُ الْمُسْكِرِ قَلِيلًا أَوْ كَثِيراً هُوَ أَشَدُّ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ أَكْلِ الرِّبَا لِأَنَّهُ مِفْتَاحُ كُلِّ شَرٍّ
O Ibn Masoud! The one committing adultery with his own mother is less significant in the Presence of Allah-azwj than if he were to enter into the usury (interest) a weight of a mustard seed; and drinking the intoxicant, little or more, it is severer in the Presence of Allah-azwj than consuming the interest because it is a key of all evil.
أُولَئِكَ يَظْلِمُونَ الْأَبْرَارَ وَ يُصَادِقُونَ الْفُجَّارَ وَ الْفَسَقَةَ الْحَقُّ عِنْدَهُمْ بَاطِلٌ وَ الْبَاطِلُ عِنْدَهُمْ حَقٌّ هَذَا كُلُّهُ لِلدُّنْيَا وَ هُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُمْ عَلَى غَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَ لَكِنْ زَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الشَّيْطانُ أَعْمالَهُمْ فَصَدَّهُمْ عَنِ السَّبِيلِ فَهُمْ لا يَهْتَدُونَ رَضُوا بِالْحَياةِ الدُّنْيا وَ اطْمَأَنُّوا بِها وَ … هُمْ عَنْ آياتِنا غافِلُونَ أُولئِكَ مَأْواهُمُ النَّارُ بِما كانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ.
They are oppressing the righteous and ratifying the immoral and the mischief makers. The truth in their presence is false, and the falsehood in their presence is truth. This, all of it is for the world, and they are knowing that they are upon other than the truth, but, the Satan has adorned their deeds for them. Thus, he blocked them from the Way, so they are not going aright [27:24] and are pleased with the life of the world and are content with it, and those who are heedless of Our Signs [10:7] They, their abode is the Fire due to what they had been earning [10:8]’’.[95]
وَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص سَلِّمُوا عَلَى الْيَهُودِ وَ النَّصَارَى وَ لَا تُسَلِّمُوا عَلَى شَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ وَ إِنْ سَلَّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ فَلَا تَرُدُّوا جَوَابَهُ.
And the Prophet-saww said: ‘Greet unto the Jews and the Christian and do not be greeting unto the drinker of wine, and if he were to agree unto you, do not respond in answering him!’’[96]
وَ قَالَ ع مُجَاوَرَةُ الْيَهُودِ وَ النَّصَارَى خَيْرٌ مِنْ مُجَاوَرَةِ شَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ وَ لَا تُصَادِقُوا شَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ فَإِنَّ مُصَادَقَتَهُ نَدَامَةٌ.
And he-asws said: ‘Neighbourhood of the Jews and the Christians is better than neighbourhood of the drinker of wine, and do not befriend the drinker of wine, for befriending him is regrettable’’.[97]
وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَا تُجْمَعُ الْخَمْرُ وَ الْإِيمَانُ فِي جَوْفِ أَوْ قَلْبِ رَجُلٍ أَبَداً.
And Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The wine and the Eman will not gather in the interior of the heart of a man, ever!’’
وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص شَارِبُ الْخَمْرِ مُكَذِّبٌ لِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ إِذْ لَوْ صَدَّقَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ لَحَرَّمَ حَرَامَهُ.
And Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The drinker of wine is a belier of the Book of Allah-azwj, since had he ratified the Book of Allah-azwj, he would have prohibited its Prohibitions’’.[98]
وَ أَيْضاً قَالَ ع شَارِبُ الْخَمْرِ يُعَذِّبُهُ اللَّهُ بِسِتِّينَ وَ ثَلَاثِ مِائَةِ نَوْعٍ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ.
And also he-saww said: ‘The drinker of wine, Allah-azwj will Punish him with three hundred and sixty types of Punishments’’.[99]
64 تَفْسِيرُ النُّعْمَانِيِّ، بِالْإِسْنَادِ الْمُتَقَدِّمِ فِي كِتَابِ الْقُرْآنِ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع قَالَ: نَسَخَ قَوْلَهُ تَعَالَى وَ مِنْ ثَمَراتِ النَّخِيلِ وَ الْأَعْنابِ تَتَّخِذُونَ مِنْهُ سَكَراً وَ رِزْقاً حَسَناً آيَةُ التَّحْرِيمِ وَ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ قُلْ إِنَّما حَرَّمَ رَبِّيَ الْفَواحِشَ ما ظَهَرَ مِنْها وَ ما بَطَنَ وَ الْإِثْمَ وَ الْبَغْيَ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِ وَ الْإِثْمُ هَاهُنَا هُوَ الْخَمْرُ.
Tafseer Al Numani – by the previous chain in the ‘Book of Quran’ –
‘From Amir Al-Momineen-asws having said: ‘The Words of the Exalted: And from fruits of the palms and the grapes, you are taking intoxicants from it and a goodly sustenance. [16:67] are Abrogated by the Verse of the Prohibition, and it is His-azwj Word, Majestic is His-azwj Praise: Say: ‘But rather, My Lord Prohibited the immoralities, whatever is apparent from these and whatever is hidden, and the sin, and the rebellion without the right, [7:33], and the ‘sin’ over here, it is the wine’’.[100]
65 ين، كتاب حسين بن سعيد و النوادر عَنِ ابْنِ عُلْوَانَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص تَحْرُمُ الْجَنَّةُ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةٍ عَلَى الْمَنَّانِ وَ عَلَى الْمُغْتَابِ وَ عَلَى مُدْمِنِ الْخَمْرِ.
The book of Husayn Bin Saeed, and ‘Al Nawadir’ – from Ulwan, from Amro Bin Khalid,
‘From Zayd son of Ali (Bin Al-Husayn-asws), from Ali-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The Paradise is Prohibited unto three – unto the reproacher of the favour, and upon the backbiter, and upon the habitual of wine’’.[101]
66 محص، التمحيص عَنْ فُرَاتِ بْنِ أَحْنَفَ قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِذْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْمَلَاعِينِ فَقَالَ وَ اللَّهِ لَأَسُوءَنَّهُ فِي شِيعَتِهِ
(The book) ‘Al Tamhees’ – from Furat Bin Al Akhnaf who said,
‘I was in the presence of Abu Abdullah-asws when a man from these accursed ones entered to see him-asws. He said, ‘By Allah-azwj! I will make him-asws out to be worse among his-asws Shias!’
فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَقْبِلْ إِلَيَّ فَلَمْ يُقْبِلْ إِلَيْهِ فَأَعَادَ فَلَمْ يُقْبِلْ إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ أَعَادَ الثَّالِثَةَ فَقَالَ هَا أَنَا ذَا مُقْبِلٌ فَقُلْ وَ لَنْ تَقُولَ خَيْراً
He said, ‘O Abu Abdullah-asws! Turn towards me!’ He-asws did not turn towards him. He repeated, but he-asws did not turn towards him. Then he repeated for the third time. He-asws said: ‘Here I-asws am, turning towards you, so speak, and you will never speak good!’
فَقَالَ إِنَّ شِيعَتَكَ يَشْرَبُونَ النَّبِيذَ
He said, ‘Your-asws Shias are drinking Al-Nabeez!’
فَقَالَ وَ مَا بَأْسٌ بِالنَّبِيذِ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنَّ أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص كَانُوا يَشْرَبُونَ النَّبِيذَ
He-asws said: ‘And what is the problem with Al-Nabeez? My-asws father-asws informed me-asws from Jabir Bin Abdullah-asws that companions of Rasool-Allah-saww were drinking Al-Nabeez’.
فَقَالَ لَيْسَ أَعْنِيكَ النَّبِيذَ أَعْنِيكَ الْمُسْكِرَ
He said, ‘I didn’t mean Al-Nabeez to you-asws, I mean to you-asws the intoxicant!’
فَقَالَ شِيعَتُنَا أَزْكَى وَ أَطْهَرُ مِنْ أَنْ يَجْرِيَ لِلشَّيْطَانِ فِي أَمْعَائِهِمْ رَسِيسٌ وَ إِنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ الْمَخْذُولُ مِنْهُمْ فَيَجِدُ رَبّاً رَءُوفاً وَ نَبِيّاً بِالاسْتِغْفَارِ لَهُ عَطُوفاً وَ وَلِيّاً عِنْدَ الْحَوْضِ وَلُوفاً وَ رَءُوفاً وَ تَكُونُ وَ أَصْحَابَكَ بِبَرَهُوتَ مَلْهُوفاً
He-asws said: ‘Our-asws Shias are purer and cleaner than for the Satan-la to be flowing filth in their intestines, and if he (Shia), the abandoned from them, were to do that, he will find a Lord-azwj as Kind, and a Prophet-saww compassionate to him with seeking the Forgiveness for him, and an affectionate and kind Guardian-asws at the Fountain, while you and your companions will be gathered in Barhout (a valley of Hell in purgatory)’.
قَالَ فَأُفْحِمَ الرَّجُلُ وَ سَكَتَ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَيْسَ أَعْنِيكَ الْمُسْكِرَ إِنَّمَا أَعْنِيكَ الْخَمْرَ
He (the narrator) said, ‘The man was ashamed and silenced. Then he said, ‘I didn’t mean the intoxicant, but rather I meant the wine’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع سَلَبَكَ اللَّهُ لِسَانَكَ مَا لَكَ تُؤْذِينَا فِي شِيعَتِنَا مُنْذُ الْيَوْمِ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص عَنْ جَبْرَئِيلَ ع عَنِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَالَ
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘May Allah-azwj Strip your tongue! What is the matter with you hurting our-asws Shias since today? My-asws father-asws informed me-asws, from Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, from Rasool-Allah-saww, from Jibraeel‑asws, from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic having Said:
يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّنِي حَظَرْتُ الْفِرْدَوْسَ عَلَى جَمِيعِ النَّبِيِّينَ حَتَّى تَدْخُلَهَا أَنْتَ وَ عَلِيٌّ وَ شِيعَتُكُمَا إِلَّا مَنِ اقْتَرَفَ مِنْهُمْ كَبِيرَةً فَإِنِّي أَبْلُوهُ فِي مَالِهِ أَوْ بِخَوْفٍ مِنْ سُلْطَانِهِ حَتَّى تَلْقَاهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ بِالرَّوْحِ وَ الرَّيْحَانِ وَ أَنَا عَلَيْهِ غَيْرُ غَضْبَانَ
“O Muhammad-saww! I-azwj have Forbidden Al-Firdows unto entirety of the Prophets-as until you‑saww enter it, and Ali-asws, and your-asws Shias, except the one from them who commits major sins. I-azwj shall Try him regarding his wealth, or with fear from his ruler until the Angels receive him with the breeze and the aroma, and I-asws will not be Angry upon him!”
فَيَكُونُ ذَلِكَ حَلًّا لِمَا كَانَ مِنْهُ فَهَلْ عِنْدَ أَصْحَابِكَ هَؤُلَاءِ شَيْءٌ مِنْ هَذَا فَلُمْ أَوْ دَعْ.
So that would be a solution for what had happened from him. Is there anything from this with these companions of yours? So do not (blame), or leave!’’[102]
67 مَجَالِسُ الشَّيْخِ، عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْقَزْوِينِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ وَهْبَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ عَنْ زُرَيْقٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: مَنْ تَرَكَ الْخَمْرَ لِلنَّاسِ لَا لِلَّهِ صِيَانَةً لِنَفْسِهِ أَدْخَلَهُ اللَّهُ الْجَنَّةَ.
(The book) Majaalis’ of the sheykh – from Al-Husayn Bin Ibrahim Al Qazwiny, from Muhammad Bin Wahban, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Zakariya, from Ibn Fazal, from Ali Bin Uqba, from Zureyq,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘One who neglect the wine for the people, nor for Allah‑azwj, as a favour for himself, Allah-azwj will (still) enter him into the Paradise’’.[103]
باب 87 حد شرب الخمر
CHAPTER 87 – LEGAL PENALTY OF DRINKING THE WINE
1- ب، قرب الإسناد عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَخِيهِ ع قَالَ: إِنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فَاجْلِدُوهُ فَإِنْ عَادَ فَاجْلِدُوهُ فَإِنْ عَادَ فَشَرِبَهَا الثَّالِثَةَ فَاقْتُلُوهُ.
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Asnaad’ –
‘From Ali, from his brother-asws (7th Imam-asws) having said: ‘If someone drinks the wine, whip him. If he repeats, whip him. If he repeats drinking it for the third time, kill him’’.[104]
2- ل، الخصال عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي لَهِيعَةَ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْجُمَحِيِّ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِلَالٍ عَنْ مُنَبِّهِ بْنِ أَبِي وَهْبٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلِيٍّ ع أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص ضَرَبَ فِي الْخَمْرِ ثَمَانِينَ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – from Rafie Bin Abdullah Bin Abdul Malik, from Yusuf Bin Musa, from Yahya Bin Usman, from his father, from Abu Lahiya, from Khalid Bin Yazeed Al Jumahy, from Saeed Bin Abu Hilal, from Munabbih Bin Abu Wahab, from Muhammad Bin Al Hanafiya,
‘From his father Ali-asws: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww beat eighty (lashes) regarding the wine’’.[105]
3- ما، الأمالي للشيخ الطوسي عَنِ ابْنِ مَخْلَدٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نُصَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زَنْجَلَةَ عَنِ الصَّبَّاحِ بْنِ مُحَارِبٍ عَنْ دَاوُدَ الْأَوْدِيِّ عَنْ سِمَاكٍ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فَاجْلِدُوهُ وَ إِنْ عَادَ فَاقْتُلُوهُ.
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of the sheykh Al Tusi – from Ibn Makhlad, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Nuseyr, from Muhammad Bin Ibrahim Bin Ziyad, from Sahl Bin Zanjalah, from Al Sabbah Bin Muharib, from Dawood Al Awdy, from Simak, from Khalid Bin Jazeer who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘When he drinks the wine, whip him, and if he repeats, kill him!’’[106]
4- ع، علل الشرائع عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الشَّارِبِ فَقَالَ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ مِنْهُ زَلَّةٌ فَإِنِّي معذره [مُعَزِّرُهُ] وَ أَمَّا الَّذِي يُدْمِنُ فَإِنِّي كُنْتُ مُنْهِكَهُ عُقُوبَةً لِأَنَّهُ يستحيل [يَسْتَحِلُ] الْحُرُمَاتِ كُلَّهَا وَ لَوْ تُرِكَ النَّاسُ فِي ذَلِكَ لَفَسَدُوا.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Ibn Marouf, from Ali Bin Mahziyar, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Hammad Bin Usman, from Muhammad Bin Muslim who said,
‘I asked him-asws about the drinker (of wine). He-asws said: ‘Whichever man a slip were to occur from him, I-asws excuse him, and as for the one who is habitual, I-asws would be extensive in punishment because he is legalising the Prohibitions, all of them, and if the people were to be left in that, they would be corrupt’’.[107]
5- ع، علل الشرائع عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ شَرِبَ حُسْوَةَ خَمْرٍ قَالَ يُجْلَدُ ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً قَلِيلُهَا وَ كَثِيرُهَا حَرَامٌ.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from Is’haq Bin Ammar who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about a man who drank a sip of wine. He-asws said: ‘He will be whipped eight lashes. It’s little and it’s more is Prohibited’’.[108]
6- ع، علل الشرائع عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: أُتِيَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ بِقُدَامَةَ بْنِ مَظْعُونٍ قَدْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فَقَامَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْبَيِّنَةُ فَسَأَلَ عَلِيّاً ع فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَجْلِدَهُ ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ –
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘They came to Umar Bin Al Khattab with Qudama Bin Mazoun who had drunk the wine. The Proof was established upon him. He asked Ali-asws. He-asws instructed him to whip him eighty lashes.
فَقَالَ قُدَامَةُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَيْسَ عَلَيَّ جَلْدٌ أَنَا مِنْ أَهْلِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ لَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ عَمِلُوا الصَّالِحاتِ جُناحٌ فِيما طَعِمُوا فَقَرَأَ الْآيَةَ حَتَّى أَتَمَّهَا
Qudama said, ‘O Amir Al-Momineen-asws! The whipping isn’t upon me. I am from the people of this Verse: There isn’t a blame upon those who are believing and are doing righteous deeds regarding what they are consuming, [5:93]’. He recited the Verse until he had completed it.
فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ ع فَأَنْتَ لَسْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا فِيمَا طَعِمَ أَهْلُهَا وَ هُوَ لَهُمْ حَلَالٌ
Ali-asws said to him: ‘You are from its people regarding what its people had consumed, and it (what they had consumed) was Permissible for them’.
قَالَ وَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ إِنَّ الشَّارِبَ إِذَا شَرِبَ لَمْ يَدْرِ مَا يَأْكُلُ وَ لَا مَا يَصْنَعُ فَاجْلِدُوهُ ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً.
He-asws said: ‘And Ali-asws said: ‘The drinker (of wine) when he drinks, he does not know what he is eating, nor what he is doing, therefore whip him eighty lashes’’.[109]
7- ع، علل الشرائع عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع وَ سَمِعْتُهُمْ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع قَالَ: إِذَا شَرِبَ الرَّجُلُ الْخَمْرَ فَسَكِرَ هَذَى فَإِذَا هَذَى افْتَرَى فَإِذَا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فَاجْلِدُوهُ حَدَّ الْمُفْتَرِي ثَمَانِينَ.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from Zurara who said,
‘I heard Abu Ja’far-asws, and they heard him-asws saying: ‘Ali-asws said: ‘When the man drinks the wine, so he gets intoxicated, he rambles. When he rambles, he fabricates. When he does that, whip him eighty (lashes), legal penalty of the fabricator’’.[110]
قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَ السَّلَامُ إِذَا سَكِرَ مِنَ النَّبِيذِ الْمُسْكِرِ وَ الْخَمْرِ جُلِدَ ثَمَانِينَ.
Abu Ja’far-asws, may the Salawaat and the greeting be upon him-asws, said: ‘When he is intoxicated from the intoxicating Al-Nabeez and the wine, he will be whipped eighty (lashes)’’.[111]
8- ع، علل الشرائع عَنْ عَنْبَسَةَ بْنِ مُصْعَبٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع كَانَتْ لِي جَارِيَةٌ فَشَرِبَتْ فَرَأَيْتَ أَحُدُّهَا
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from Anbasa Bin Mus’ab who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘There was a slave girl for me. She drank (wine), and I saw. Can I apply the legal punishment on her?’
قَالَ ع نَعَمْ وَ لَكِنْ فِي سَتْرٍ لِحَالِ السُّلْطَانِ.
He-asws said: ‘Yes, but in secret, due to the situation of the ruler’’.[112]
9- ع، علل الشرائع عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ع قَالَ: كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع يَضْرِبُ فِي الْخَمْرِ وَ النَّبِيذِ ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً الْحُرَّ وَ الْعَبْدَ وَ الْيَهُودِيَّ وَ النَّصْرَانِيَّ
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from Zurara,
‘From one of the two (5th or 6th Imam-asws) having said: ‘Ali-asws had beaten regarding the wine and Al-Nabeez, eight lashes to the free, and the slave, and the Jew, and the Christian’.
قُلْتُ مَا شَأْنُ الْيَهُودِيِّ وَ النَّصْرَانِيِّ
I said, ‘What is the matter of the Jew and the Christian?’
فَقَالَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يُظْهِرُوا شُرْبَهُ يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ فِي بُيُوتِهِمْ
He-asws said: ‘It isn’t for them that they should be manifesting its drinking. That should happen in their houses’.
قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ مَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فَاجْلِدُوهُ فَإِنْ عَادَ فَاجْلِدُوهُ فَإِنْ عَادَ فَاقْتُلُوهُ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ.
He said, ‘I heard him-asws saying: ‘One who drinks the wine, whip him. If he repeats, whip him. If he repeats, kill him during the third time’’.[113]
10- ع، علل الشرائع عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي شَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ إِذَا شَرِبَهَا ضُرِبَ فَإِنْ عَادَ ضُرِبَ فَإِنْ عَادَ قُتِلَ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from his father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Yazeed, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Jameel,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said regarding the drinker of wine: ‘When he drinks it, he would be struck. When he repeats, he would be struck. If he repeats, he would be killed during the third’.
قَالَ جَمِيلُ بْنُ دَرَّاجٍ وَ قَدْ رَوَى بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا أَنَّهُ يُقْتَلُ فِي الرَّابِعَةِ
Jameel Bin Darraj said, ‘And one of our companions reported that he would be killed during the fourth’.
قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ كَأَنَّ الْمَعْنَى أَنْ يُقْتَلَ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ وَ مَنْ كَانَ إِنَّمَا يُؤْتَى بِهِ فِي الرَّابِعَةِ يُقْتَلُ فِي الرَّابِعَةِ.
Ibn Abu Umeyr said, ‘It is as if the meaning is he will be killed during the third, and the one rather who were to commit it during the fourth, will be killed during the fourth’’.[114]
11- ختص، الإختصاص ين، كتاب حسين بن سعيد و النوادر عَنِ ابْنِ يَزِيدَ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ زِيَادٍ الْقَنْدِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ عَنْ فُضَيْلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ كَيْفَ كَانَ يَصْنَعُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع بِشَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ
(The books) ‘Al Ikhtisaas’, (and) the book of Husayn Bin Saeed, and ‘Al Nawadir’ – from Ibn Yazeed, and Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ziyad Al Qandy, from Muhammad Bin Umara, from Fuzeyl Bin Yasaar who said,
‘I asked him-asws, ‘How had Amir Al-Momineen-asws dealt with the drinker of wine?’
قَالَ كَانَ يَحُدُّهُ
He-asws said: ‘He-asws would whip him’.
قُلْتُ فَإِنْ عَادَ
I said, ‘Supposing he repeated?’
قَالَ كَانَ يَحُدُّهُ
He-asws said: ‘He-asws would whip him’.
قُلْتُ فَإِنْ عَادَ
I said, ‘Supposing he repeated?’
قَالَ كَانَ يَحُدُّهُ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ فَإِنْ عَادَ كَانَ يَقْتُلُهُ
He-asws said: ‘He-asws would apply the legal penalty on him three times. If he repeated, he-asws would kill him’.
قُلْتُ كَيْفَ كَانَ يَصْنَعُ بِشَارِبِ الْمُسْكِرِ
I said, ‘How had he-asws dealt with the drinker of intoxicant?’
قَالَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ
He-asws said: ‘Similar to that’.
قُلْتُ فَمَنْ شَرِبَ شَرْبَةَ مُسْكِرٍ كَمَنْ شَرِبَ شَرْبَةَ خَمْرٍ
I said, ‘So the one who drinks an intoxicant is like the one who drink a drink of wine?’
قَالَ سَوَاءٌ
He-asws said: ‘Same’.
فَاسْتَعْظَمْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لِي يَا فُضَيْلُ لَا تَسْتَعْظِمْ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ إِنَّمَا بَعَثَ مُحَمَّداً ص رَحْمَةً لِلْعَالَمِينَ وَ اللَّهُ أَدَّبَ نَبِيَّهُ فَأَحْسَنَ تَأْدِيبَهُ فَلَمَّا ائْتَدَبَ فَوَّضَ إِلَيْهِ
I was amazed at that. He-asws said to me: ‘O Fuzeyl! Do not be amazed at that, for Allah-azwj rather had Sent Muhammad-saww as a Mercy for the world, and Allah-azwj Educated His-azwj Prophet-saww, and excellent was his-saww education. When he-saww had been educated, He-azwj Delegated (matters to him-saww.
فَحَرَّمَ اللَّهُ الْخَمْرَ وَ حَرَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص كُلَّ مُسْكِرٍ فَأَجَازَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ وَ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ مَكَّةَ وَ حَرَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْمَدِينَةَ فَأَجَازَ اللَّهُ كُلَّهُ لَهُ وَ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ الْفَرَائِضَ مِنَ الصُّلْبِ فَأَطْعَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْجَدَّ فَأَجَازَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ لَهُ
Allah-azwj Prohibited the wine, and Rasool-Allah-azwj prohibited every intoxicant. Allah-azwj Allowed that for him-saww. And Allah-azwj Sanctified Makkah, and Rasool-Allah-saww sanctified Al Medina. Allah-azwj Allowed all of it for him. Al Allah-azwj Obligated the obligations from the lineages (regarding inheritances), so Rasool-Allah-saww fed (gave a share) to the grandfather. Allah-azwj Allowed that, all of it for him-saww’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ يَا فُضَيْلُ حُرِّفَ وَ مَا حُرِّفَ مَنْ يُطِعِ الرَّسُولَ فَقَدْ أَطاعَ اللَّهَ
Then he-asws said to him: ‘O Fuzeyl! They altered (the Quran) and did not alter, one who obeys the Rasool, so he has obeyed Allah, [4:80]’.
أَقُولُ فِي الْإِخْتِصَاصِ هَكَذَا كَيْفَ كَانَ يَصْنَعُ بِشَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ قَالَ كَانَ يَحُدُّهُ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ عَادَ قَالَ كَانَ يَحُدُّهُ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ عَادَ قَالَ كَانَ يَقْتُلُهُ.
I (Majlisi) am saying, ‘In (the book) ‘Al Ikhtisaas’ it is like this: ‘How had he-asws dealt with the drinker of wine?’ He-asws he-asws would whip him’. I said, ‘Supposing he repeated?’ He-asws said: ‘He-asws would apply the legal punishment on him’. I said, ‘Supposing he repeated?’ He-asws said: ‘He-asws would kill him’’.[115]
12- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام عَلَى شَارِبِ كُلِّ مُسْكِرٍ مِثْلُ مَا عَلَى شَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ مِنَ الْحَدِّ وَ أَصْحَابُ الْكَبَائِرِ كُلِّهَا إِذَا أُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْحَدُّ مَرَّتَيْنِ قُتِلُوا فِي الثَّالِثَةِ وَ شَارِبُ الْخَمْرِ فِي الرَّابِعَةِ وَ إِنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ جُلِدَ مِائَةً ثَمَانُونَ لِحَدِّ الْخَمْرِ وَ عِشْرُونَ لِحُرْمَةِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ.
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – ‘Upon drinker of every intoxicant is similar legal penalty what is upon the drinker of wine; and the perpetrators of the major sins, all of them when the legal penalty is established upon the twice, they would be killed during the third, and the drinker of wine during the fourth’; and if the wine is drunk during a month of Ramazan, he would be whipped one hundred and eighty (lashes) – legal penalty of the wine, and twenty for (violating) sanctity of a month of Ramazan’’.[116]
13- شا، الإرشاد رَوَتِ الْعَامَّةُ وَ الْخَاصَّةُ أَنَّ رَجُلًا رُفِعَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَ قَدْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدَّ فَقَالَ إِنِّي شَرِبْتُهَا وَ لَا عِلْمَ لِي بِتَحْرِيمِهَا لِأَنِّي نَشَأْتُ بَيْنَ قَوْمٍ يَسْتَحِلُّونَهَا وَ لَمْ أَعْلَمْ بِتَحْرِيمِهَا حَتَّى الْآنَ
(The book) ‘Al Irshad’ –
‘It is reported by the general Muslims and the special (Shias): ‘A man was raised to Abu Bakr and he had drunk the wine. He intended to establish the legal penalty upon him. He said, ‘I had drunk it and there was not knowledge for me with its Prohibition, because I grew up between a people who are legalising it, and I did not know of its Prohibition until now’.
فَأُرْتِجَ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْحُكْمُ عَلَيْهِ وَ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ وَجْهَ الْقَضَاءِ فِيهِ فَأَشَارَ عَلَيْهِ بَعْضُ مَنْ حَضَرَ أَنْ يَسْتَخْبِرَ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع عَنِ الْحُكْمِ فِي ذَلِكَ
The judgment was confusing upon Abu Bakr and he did not know the aspect of the ruling regarding him. Someone present indicated to him to seek information from Amir Al-Momineen-asws about the ruling regarding that.
فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ مَنْ سَأَلَهُ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع مُرْ ثِقَتَيْنِ مِنْ رِجَالِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَطُوفَانِ بِهِ عَلَى مَجَالِسِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَ يُنَاشِدَانِهِمْ هَلْ فِيهِمْ أَحَدٌ تَلَا عَلَيْهِ آيَةَ التَّحْرِيمِ أَوْ أَخْبَرَهُ بِذَلِكَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَإِنْ شَهِدَ بِذَلِكَ رَجُلَانِ مِنْهُمْ فَأَقِمِ الْحَدَّ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَشْهَدْ أَحَدٌ بِذَلِكَ فَاسْتَتِبْهُ وَ خَلِّ سَبِيلَهُ
He sent someone to him-asws to ask him-asws about it. Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘Order two trusted men from the Muslims to circle with him in the gatherings of the Emigrants and the Helpers and adjure them, is there anyone among them who had recited the Verse of the Prohibition to him, or had informed him with that being from Rasool-Allah-saww? If two men from then were to testify with that, then establish the legal penalty upon him, and if no one testifies with that, then tell him to seek repentance and free his way’.
فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَلَمْ يَشْهَدْ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَنَّهُ تَلَا عَلَيْهِ آيَةَ التَّحْرِيمِ وَ لَا أَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص بِذَلِكَ فَاسْتَتَابَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَ خَلَّى سَبِيلَهُ وَ سَلَّمَ لِعَلِيٍّ فِي الْقَضَاءِ بِهِ.
Abu Bakr did that. No one from the Emigrants and the Helpers testified that he had recited the Verse of the Prohibition to him, nor had inform him with that being from Rasool-Allah‑saww. So, Abu Bakr told him to repent and freed his way, and submitted to Ali-azwj regarding the judgment regarding him’’.[117]
14- شا، الإرشاد جَاءَ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْعَامَّةِ وَ الْخَاصَّةِ أَنَّ قُدَامَةَ بْنَ مَظْعُونٍ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فَأَرَادَ عُمَرُ أَنْ يَحُدَّهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ قُدَامَةُ لَا يَجِبُ عَلَيَّ الْحَدُّ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ لَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ عَمِلُوا الصَّالِحاتِ جُناحٌ فِيما طَعِمُوا إِذا مَا اتَّقَوْا وَ آمَنُوا وَ عَمِلُوا الصَّالِحاتِ
(The book) ‘Al Irshad’ –
‘It has come from ways of the general Muslims and the special (Shias): ‘Qudama Bin Mazoun drank the wine, so Umar intended to apply the legal punishment on him. Qudama said to him, ‘The legal penalty is not obligated upon me because Allah-azwj the Exalted Says: There isn’t a blame upon those who are believing and are doing righteous deeds regarding what they are consuming, when they are fearing and are believing and are doing righteous deeds. [5:93].
فَدَرَأَ عُمَرُ عَنْهُ الْحَدَّ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَمَشَى إِلَى عُمَرَ فَقَالَ لَهُ لِمَ تَرَكْتَ إِقَامَةَ الْحَدِّ عَلَى قُدَامَةَ فِي شُرْبِ الْخَمْرِ
Umar staved off the legal penalty away from him. That reached Amir Al-Momineen-asws. He‑asws walked to Umar. He-asws said to him: ‘Why did you neglect establishing the legal penalty upon Qudama regarding drinking the wine?’
فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ تَلَا عَلَيَّ الْآيَةَ وَ تَلَاهَا عُمَرُ
He said, ‘He recited this Verse upon me’, and Umar recited it.
فَقَالَ لَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع لَيْسَ قُدَامَةُ مِنْ أَهْلِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ وَ لَا مَنْ سَلَكَ سَبِيلَهُ فِي ارْتِكَابِ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ عَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَا يَسْتَحِلُّونَ حَرَاماً فَارْدُدْ قُدَامَةَ وَ اسْتَتِبْهُ مِمَّا قَالَ فَإِنْ تَابَ فَأَقِمْ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدَّ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَتُبْ فَاقْتُلْهُ فَقَدْ خَرَجَ عَنِ الْمِلَّةِ
Amir Al-Momineen-asws said to him: ‘Qudama isn’t from the people of this Verse, nor is the one who walks his way in committing what Allah-azwj has Prohibited! Those who are believing and doing righteous deed are not legalising Prohibitions. So, return Qudama and tell him to repent from what he has said. If he repents, establish the legal penalty upon him, and if he does not repent, kill him, for he has exited from the religion’.
فَاسْتَيْقَظَ عُمَرُ لِذَلِكَ وَ عَرَّفَ قُدَامَةَ الْخَبَرَ فَأَظْهَرَ التَّوْبَةَ وَ الْإِقْلَاعَ فَأَدْرَأَ عُمَرُ عَنْهُ الْقَتْلَ وَ لَمْ يَدْرِ كَيْفَ يَحُدُّهُ فَقَالَ لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَشِرْ عَلَيَّ فِي حَدِّهِ
Umar alerted at that and let Qudama know the news. He manifested the repentance and the quitting, so Umar staved off the killing from him and he did not know how to apply the legal punishment on him. He said to Amir Al-Momineen-asws, ‘Indicate to me regarding his legal punishment’.
فَقَالَ حَدُّهُ ثَمَانُونَ إِنَّ شَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ إِذَا شَرِبَهَا سَكِرَ وَ إِذَا سَكِرَ هَذَى وَ إِذَا هَذَى افْتَرَى
He-asws said: ‘His legal punishment is eighty (lashes). If the drinker of wine when he drinks it, gets intoxicated, and when he is intoxicated, he rambles, and when he rambles he fabricates’.
فَجَلَدَهُ عُمَرُ ثَمَانِينَ وَ صَارَ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ ع فِي ذَلِكَ.
So, Umar whipped him eighty (lashes) and came to his-asws word regarding that’’.[118]
15- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ أَبِي الصَّبَّاحِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ النَّبِيذِ وَ الْخَمْرِ بِمَنْزِلَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ هُمَا
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Abu Al Sabbah,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I asked him-asws about Al-Nabeez and the wine, ‘Are they both of the one status?’
قَالَ لَا إِنَّ النَّبِيذَ لَيْسَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْخَمْرِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ الْخَمْرَ قَلِيلَهَا وَ كَثِيرَهَا كَمَا حَرَّمَ الْمَيْتَةَ وَ الدَّمَ وَ لَحْمَ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَ حَرَّمَ النَّبِيُّ مِنَ الْأَشْرِبَةِ الْمُسْكِرَ وَ مَا حَرَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَقَدْ حَرَّمَهُ اللَّهُ
He-asws said: ‘No! Al-Nabeez isn’t at the status of the wine. Allah-azwj Prohibited the wine, its little and its more, just as He-azwj Prohibited the dead, and the blood, and the pig meat, while the Prophet-saww prohibited from the intoxicating drinks, and whatever Rasool-Allah-saww has prohibited, so Allah-azwj has Prohibited’.
قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص كَيْفَ كَانَ يَضْرِبُ فِي الْخَمْرِ
I said, ‘What is your-asws view of Rasool-Allah-azwj, how was he-saww beating regarding the wine?’
فَقَالَ كَانَ يَضْرِبُ بِالنِّعَالِ وَ يَزِيدُ كُلَّمَا أُتِيَ بِالشَّارِبِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَزَلِ النَّاسُ يَزِيدُونَ حَتَّى وَقَفَ عَلَى ثَمَانِينَ أَشَارَ بِذَلِكَ عَلِيٌّ ع عَلَى عُمَرَ.
He-asws said: ‘He-saww would beat with the slippers, and increased every time he-saww was brought a drinker. Then the people did not cease to be increasing until it stopped at eighty. Ali-asws had indicated with that to Umar’’.[119]
16- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: أُتِيَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ بِقُدَامَةَ بْنِ مَظْعُونٍ قَدْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ وَ قَامَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْبَيِّنَةُ فَسَأَلَ عَلِيّاً ع فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَجْلِدَهُ ثَمَانِينَ
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Abdullah Bin Sinan,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Umar Bin Al Khattab was brought Qudama Bin Mazoun who had drunk the wine and the proof was established upon him. He asked Ali-asws. He-asws instructed to whip him eighty (lashes).
فَقَالَ قُدَامَةُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَيْسَ عَلَيَّ جَلْدٌ أَنَا مِنْ أَهْلِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ لَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ عَمِلُوا الصَّالِحاتِ جُناحٌ فِيما طَعِمُوا فَقَرَأَ الْآيَةَ حَتَّى اسْتَتَمَّهَا
Qudama said, ‘O Amir Al-Momineen-asws! The legal penalty isn’t upon me. I am from the people of this Verse: There isn’t a blame upon those who are believing and are doing righteous deeds regarding what they are consuming, [5:93]’ – he recited the Verse until he completed it.
فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ ع كَذَبْتَ لَسْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ مَا طَعِمَ أَهْلُهَا فَهُوَ لَهُمْ حَلَالٌ وَ لَيْسَ يَأْكُلُونَ وَ لَا يَشْرَبُونَ إِلَّا مَا يَحِلُّ لَهُمْ.
Ali-asws said to him: ‘You have lied! You aren’t from the people of this Verse. Whatever its people had consumed, it was Permissible for them, and they were neither eating nor drinking except what Allah-azwj had Permitted for them’’.[120]
17- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مِثْلَهُ وَ زَادَ فِيهِ وَ لَيْسَ يَأْكُلُونَ وَ لَا يَشْرَبُونَ إِلَّا مَا أُحِلَّ لَهُمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ الشَّارِبَ إِذَا شَرِبَ لَمْ يَدْرِ مَا يَأْكُلُ وَ لَا مَا يَشْرَبُ فَاجْلِدُوهُ ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً.
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Ibn Sinan,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws – similar to it, and there is an increase in it: ‘And they were neither eating nor drinking except what had been Permissible for them’. Then he-asws said: ‘The drinker, when he drinks, does not know what he eats nor what he drinks, therefore whip him eighty lashes’’.[121]
18- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي الْخَمْرِ وَ النَّبِيذِ قَالَ إِنَّ النَّبِيذَ لَيْسَتْ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْخَمْرِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ الْخَمْرَ بِعَيْنِهَا فَقَلِيلُهَا وَ كَثِيرُهَا حَرَامٌ كَمَا حَرَّمَ الْمَيْتَةَ وَ الدَّمَ وَ لَحْمَ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَ حَرَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الشَّرَابَ مِنْ كُلِّ مُسْكِرٍ فَمَا حَرَّمَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَقَدْ حَرَّمَهُ اللَّهُ
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Abu Al Rabie,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the wine and Al-Nabeez, said: ‘Al-Nabeez isn’t at the status of the wine. Allah-azwj Prohibited the wine in particular, so its little and its more is Prohibited, just as He-azwj Prohibited the dead, and the blood, and the pig meat, while Rasool-Allah-saww prohibited the drinking from every intoxicant. Whatever Rasool-Allah-saww has prohibited, so Allah-azwj has Prohibited it’.
قُلْتُ فَكَيْفَ كَانَ يَضْرِبُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فِي الْخَمْرِ
I said, ‘How did Rasool-Allah-saww beat regarding the wine?’
فَقَالَ كَانَ يَضْرِبُ بِالنَّعْلِ وَ يَزِيدُ وَ يَنْقُصُ وَ كَانَ النَّاسُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ يَزِيدُونَ وَ يَنْقُصُونَ لَيْسَ بِحَدٍّ مَحْدُودٍ حَتَّى وَقَفَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع فِي شَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ عَلَى ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً حَيْثُ ضَرَبَ قُدَامَةَ بْنَ مَظْعُونٍ
He-asws said: ‘He-saww would beat with the slipper, and increased, and reduced, and after that the people were increasing and reducing. It wasn’t with a limited limitation until Ali Bin Abu Talib-asws paused upon eighty lashes regarding the drinker of wine when he-asws had beaten Qudama Bin Mazoun’.
قَالَ فَقَالَ قُدَامَةُ لَيْسَ عَلَيَّ جَلْدٌ أَنَا مِنْ أَهْلِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ لَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ عَمِلُوا الصَّالِحاتِ جُناحٌ فِيما طَعِمُوا إِذا مَا اتَّقَوْا وَ آمَنُوا
He-asws said: ‘So Qudama said, ‘Whipping isn’t upon me. I am from the people of this Verse: There isn’t a blame upon those who are believing and are doing righteous deeds regarding what they are consuming, when they are fearing and are believing [5:93].
فَقَالَ ع لَهُ كَذَبْتَ مَا أَنْتَ مِنْهُمْ إِنَّ أُولَئِكَ كَانُوا لَا يَشْرَبُونَ حَرَاماً
He-asws said to him: ‘You have lied! You aren’t from them. They were not eating Prohibited (substances)!’
ثُمَّ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع إِنَّ الشَّارِبَ إِذَا شَرِبَ فَسَكِرَ لَمْ يَدْرِ مَا يَقُولُ وَ مَا يَصْنَعُ وَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا أُتِيَ بِشَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ ضَرَبَهُ فَإِذَا أُتِيَ بِهِ ثَانِيَةً ضَرَبَهُ فَإِذَا أُتِيَ بِهِ ثَالِثَةً ضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ
Then Ali-asws said: ‘The drinker when he drinks, gets intoxicated. He does not know what he is saying and what he is doing; and it was so that whenever they came to Rasool-Allah-azwj with the drinker of wine, he-saww would beat him. When they came with him for a second time, he‑saww would beat him. When they came with him for a third time, he-saww struck his neck off’.
قُلْتُ فَإِنْ أُخِذَ شَارِبُ نَبِيذٍ مُسْكِرٍ قَدِ انْتَشَى مِنْهُ
I said, ‘Supposing a drinker of Nabeez is seized intoxicated, being drunk from it?’
قَالَ يُضْرَبُ ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً فَإِنْ أُخِذَ ثَالِثَةً قُتِلَ كَمَا يُقْتَلُ شَارِبُ الْخَمْرِ
He-asws said: ‘He will be whipped eighty lashes. If he is seized thrice, he will be killed just as the drinker of wine is killed’.
قُلْتُ إِنْ أُخِذَ شَارِبُ الْخَمْرِ نَبِيذٍ مُسْكِرٍ سَكِرَ مِنْهُ أَ يُجْلَدُ ثَمَانِينَ
I said, ‘If the drinker of wine is seized intoxicated by intoxicating Nabeez, will he be whipped eighty (lashes)?’
قَالَ لَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ كُلُّ مَا أَسْكَرَ كَثِيرُهُ فَقَلِيلُهُ حَرَامٌ.
He-asws said: ‘No, below that. All what a lot of it intoxicates, little of it is Prohibited’’.[122]
19- يب، تهذيب الأحكام زُرَارَةُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ إِنَّ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ عُقْبَةَ حِينَ شُهِدَ عَلَيْهِ بِشُرْبِ الْخَمْرِ قَالَ عُثْمَانُ لِعَلِيٍّ ع اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ
(The book) ‘Tahzeeb Al Ahkaam’ – Zurarah said,
‘I hear Abu Ja’far-asws saying: ‘Al-Waleed Bin Uqba, when he was testified upon with having drunk the wine, Usman said to Ali-asws: ‘Judge between me and these ones, those who are claiming that he has drunk the wine!’
فَأَمَرَ عَلِيٌّ أَنْ يُضْرَبَ بِسَوْطٍ لَهُ شُعْبَتَانِ أَرْبَعِينَ جَلْدَةً.
Ali-asws instructed that he be beaten with a whip of his-asws having two branches, forty lashes’’.[123]
20- يب، تهذيب الأحكام زُرَارَةُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ أُقِيمَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَ قَدْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ عُمَرُ أَنْ يُضْرَبَ فَلَمْ يَتَقَدَّمْ إِلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ يَضْرِبُهُ حَتَّى قَامَ عَلِيٌّ ع بِنِسْعَةٍ مَثْنِيَّةٍ فَضَرَبَ بِهَا أَرْبَعِينَ.
(The book) ‘Tahzeeb Al Ahkam’ – Zurara said,
‘I heard Abu Ja’far-asws saying: ‘Ubeydullah Bin Umar was made to stand, and he had drunk the wine. Umar ordered with him that he be beaten, but no one came forward to him to beat him until Ali-asws stood with a doubled stick and beat him forty (times) with it’’.[124]
21- قب، المناقب لابن شهرآشوب رَوَتِ الْخَاصَّةُ وَ الْعَامَّةُ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُقِيمَ الْحَدَّ عَلَى رَجُلٍ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ إِنِّي شَرِبْتُهَا وَ لَا عِلْمَ لِي بِتَحْرِيمِهَا
(The book) ‘Al Manaqib’ of Ibn Shehr Ashub –
‘It is reported by the special and the general Muslims: ‘When Abu Bakr wanted to establish the legal penalty upon a man who had drunk the wine, the man said, ‘I had drunk it and there was no knowledge for me of its Prohibition’.
فَأُرْتِجَ عَلَيْهِ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ ع يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ مُرْ نَقِيبَيْنِ مِنْ رِجَالِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَطُوفَانِ بِهِ عَلَى مَجَالِسِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَ يَنْشُدَانِهِمْ هَلْ فِيهِمْ أَحَدٌ تَلَا عَلَيْهِ آيَةَ التَّحْرِيمِ أَوْ أَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَإِنْ شَهِدَ بِذَلِكَ رَجُلَانِ مِنْهُمْ فَأَقِمِ الْحَدَّ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَشْهَدْ بِذَلِكَ فَاسْتَتِبْهُ وَ خَلِّ سَبِيلَهُ
It was confusing upon him, so he sent a messenger to Ali-asws asking him-asws about that. He‑asws said: ‘Order two captains from the Muslim men to go around with him to gatherings of the Emigrants and the Helpers and adjure them, is there among them anyone who had recited the Verse of the Prohibition to him, or informed him from Rasool-Allah-saww? If two men from them were to testify, establish the legal penalty upon him, and if that is not testified with, tell him to seek repentance and free his way’.
فَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ صَادِقاً فِي مَقَالِهِ فَخَلَّى سَبِيلَهُ.
The man was truthful in his words, so he freed his way’’.[125]
22- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فَاجْلِدُوهُ فَإِنْ عَادَ فَاجْلِدُوهُ فَإِنْ عَادَ الثَّالِثَةَ فَاقْتُلُوهُ.
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws, from his-asws father-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘One who drinks the wine, whip him. If he repeats, whip him. If he repeats for the third time, kill him’’.[126]
23- كش، رجال الكشي رُوِيَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: جِئْتُ إِلَى حَلْقَةٍ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فِيهَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ رَبِيعَةُ الرَّأْيِ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يَا زُرَارَةُ سَلْ رَبِيعَةَ عَنْ شَيْءٍ مِمَّا اخْتَلَفْتُمْ فِيهِ
(The book) ‘Rijal’ of Al Kashi – It is reported from Zurara who said,
‘I came to a circle at Al Medina wearing was Abdullah Bin Muhammad and Rabie Al-Raie. Abdullah said, ‘O Zurara! Ask Rabie about something from what you (Shias) are differing in’.
فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ الْكَلَامَ يُورِثُ الضَّغَائِنَ
I said, ‘The talk will inherit the grudges’.
فَقَالَ لِي رَبِيعَةُ الرَّأْيِ سَلْ يَا زُرَارَةُ
Rabie Al-Raie said to me, ‘Ask, O Zurara!’’
قَالَ قُلْتُ بِمَا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص يَضْرِبُ فِي الْخَمْرِ
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘With what had Rasool-Allah-saww beaten regarding the wine?’
قَالَ بِالْجَرِيدِ تَحْتَ النَّعْلِ
He said, ‘With the branches beneath the slipper’.
فَقُلْتُ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أُخِذَ الْيَوْمَ شَارِبَ خَمْرٍ وَ قُدِّمَ إِلَى الْحَاكِمِ مَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ
I said, ‘If a man were to be seized today being a drinker of wine, and he is forwarded to the ruler, what would be upon him?’
قَالَ يَضْرِبُهُ بِالسَّوْطِ لِأَنَّ عُمَرَ ضَرَبَ بِالسَّوْطِ
He said: ‘He will be beaten with the whip, because Umar had beaten with the ship’.
قَالَ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ يَا سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ يَضْرِبُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص بِالْجَرِيدِ وَ يَضْرِبُ عُمَرُ بِالسَّوْطِ فَيُتْرَكُ مَا فَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ يُؤْخَذُ مَا فَعَلَ عُمَرُ.
He (the narrator) said, ‘Abdullah Bin Muhammad said, ‘O Glory be to Allah-azwj! Rasool-Allah‑saww had beaten with the branch and Umar had beaten with the whip, so he neglected what Rasool-Allah-saww had done and has taken what Umar had done!’’[127]
24- نَوَادِرُ الرَّاوَنْدِيِّ، بِالْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع أَنَّهُ أُتِيَ بِرَجُلٍ شَرِبَ خَمْراً فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَضَرَبَهُ الْحَدَّ فَضَرَبَهُ تِسْعَةً وَ ثَلَاثِينَ سَوْطاً لِمَجِيءِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ.
(The book) ‘Nawadir’ of Al Rawandy – by the chain,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, he-asws had been brought a man who had drunk wine during a month of Ramazan, so he-asws beat him the legal penalty. He-asws struck him the legal penalty (then) thirty-nine lashes due to the coming of a month of Ramazan’’.[128]
باب 88 الأنبذة و المسكرات
CHAPTER 88 – (TYPES) OF Al-Nabeez AND THE INTOXICANTS
1- ج، الإحتجاج سُئِلَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع عَنِ النَّبِيذِ فَقَالَ قَدْ شَرِبَهُ قَوْمٌ وَ حَرَّمَهُ قَوْمٌ صَالِحُونَ فَكَانَ شَهَادَةُ الَّذِينَ رَفَضُوا بِشَهَادَاتِهِمْ شَهَوَاتِهِمْ أَوْلَى أَنْ تُقْبَلَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ جَرُّوا بِشَهَادَاتِهِمْ لِشَهَوَاتِهِمْ.
(The book) ‘Al Ihtijaj’ –
‘Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws was asked about Al-Nabeez. He-asws said: ‘A people have drunk it and a righteous people have forbidden it. The testimony of those who rejected their lusts with their testimonies are foremost to be accepted than those who were pulled to their lusts with their testimonies’’. [129]
2- ج، الإحتجاج غط، الغيبة للشيخ الطوسي الْكُلَيْنِيُّ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ أَنَّهُ خَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ النَّاحِيَةِ الْمُقَدَّسَةِ عَلَى يَدَيْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ الْعَمْرِيِّ وَ أَمَّا الْفُقَّاعُ فَشُرْبُهُ حَرَامٌ وَ لَا بَأْسَ بِالشَّلْمَابِ.
(The book) ‘Ihtijaaj’, (and) ‘Al Ghayba’ of the sheykh Al Tusi –
Al-Kulayni, from Is’haq Bin Yaqoub – ‘There emerged to him from the Holy Area upon the hand of Muhammad Bin Usman Al-Amiri (from 12th Imam-asws): ‘As for the (beverage) ‘Al-Fuqqa’a’, drinking it is Prohibited, and there is no problem with the (beverage) ‘Al-Shalmab’’.[130]
3- ج، الإحتجاج كَتَبَ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ إِلَى الْقَائِمِ ع يُتَّخَذُ عِنْدَنَا رُبُّ الْجَوْزِ لِوَجَعِ الْحَلْقِ وَ الْبَحْبَحَةِ يُؤْخَذُ الْجَوْزُ الرَّطْبُ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَنْعَقِدَ وَ يُدَقُّ دَقّاً نَاعِماً وَ يُعْصَرُ مَاؤُهُ وَ يُصَفَّى وَ يُطْبَخُ عَلَى النِّصْفِ وَ يُتْرَكُ يَوْماً وَ لَيْلَةً
(The book) ‘Al Ihtijaj’ –
Al-Himeyri wrote to Al-Qaim-ajfj, ‘In our presence ‘Rubb Al-Jowz’ (cooked skinless fruit) for throat pain and the ‘lost’ voice. The wet walnuts are taken from before they ripen and it is pounded to fine powder, and its water is squeezed, and sieved, and cooked upon the half and left for a day and a night.
ثُمَّ يُنْصَبُ عَلَى النَّارِ وَ يُلْقَى عَلَى كُلِّ سِتَّةِ أَرْطَالٍ مِنْهُ رِطْلُ عَسَلٍ وَ يُغْلَى وَ يُنْزَعُ رَغْوَتُهُ وَ يُسْحَقُ مِنَ النُّوشَادُرِ وَ الشَّبِّ الْيَمَانِيِ كل [مِنْ كُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ] نِصْفُ مِثْقَالٍ وَ يُدَافُ بِذَلِكَ الْمَاءِ وَ يُلْقَى فِيهِ دِرْهَمُ زَعْفَرَانٍ مَسْحُوقٍ وَ يُغْلَى وَ يُؤْخَذُ رَغْوَتُهُ وَ يُطْبَخُ حَتَّى يَصِيرَ ثَخِيناً ثُمَّ يُنْزَلُ عَنِ النَّارِ وَ يُبَرَّدُ وَ يُشْرَبُ مِنْهُ فَهَلْ يَجُوزُ شُرْبُهُ أَمْ لَا
Then it is set up upon the fire one ounce of honey is thrown upon every six ounces from it, and boiled, and its froth is removed; and the ammonia and the Yemeni Alum is pressed, half a Misqal (2 grams) from each one, and the water is warmed with that, and a Dirham of pounded saffron is thrown in it, and is boiled, and its bubble is taken and cooked until it becomes thick. Then it is descended from the fire and cooled, and drunk from. Is it allowed to drink it, or not?’
فَأَجَابَ ع إِذَا كَانَ كَثِيرُهُ يُسْكِرُ أَوْ يُغَيِّرُ فَقَلِيلُهُ وَ كَثِيرُهُ حَرَامٌ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَا يُسْكِرُ مِثْلَ الْعَسَلِ فَهُوَ حَلَالٌ.
He-ajfj answered: ‘When a lot of it intoxicates, or changes (your state), a little of it and more of it is Prohibited; but if it does not intoxicate, like the honey, it is Permissible’’.[131]
4- ب، قرب الإسناد عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَخِيهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمُسْلِمِ الْعَارِفِ يَدْخُلُ بَيْتَ أَخِيهِ فَيَسْقِيهِ النَّبِيذَ وَ الشَّرَابَ لَا يَعْرِفُهُ هَلْ يَصْلُحُ لَهُ شُرْبُهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَسْأَلَهُ عَنْهُ
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Asnaad’ –
‘From Ali, from his brother-asws (7th Imam-asws), he said, ‘I asked him-asws about the Muslim, the acquaintance, entering a house of his brother, so he quenches him Al-Nabeez and the drink he does not know, ‘Is it correct for him to drink it from without asking him about it?’
قَالَ إِذَا كَانَ مُسْلِماً عَارِفاً فَاشْرَبْ مَا أَتَاكَ بِهِ إِلَّا أَنْ تُنْكِرَهُ.
He-asws said: ‘When he was a Muslim, an acquaintance, drink whatever he comes to you with, except if you dislike it’’.[132]
5- ل، الخصال عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ الشَّامِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: سُئِلَ عَنِ الشِّطْرَنْجِ وَ النَّرْدِ قَالَ لَا تَقْرَبْهُمَا
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – from Ibn Al Mutawakkil, from Al Himery, from Ibn Isa, from Ibn Mahboub, from Khalid Bin Jareer, from Abu Al Rabie Al Shamy,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘He-asws was asked about the chess and the dice. He-asws said: ‘Do not go near them both!’
قُلْتُ فَالْغِنَاءُ
I said, ‘The singing?’
قَالَ لَا خَيْرَ فِيهِ لَا تَفْعَلُوا
He-asws said: ‘There is no good in it. Do not do it!’
قُلْتُ فَالنَّبِيذُ
I said, ‘Al-Nabeez?’
قَالَ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَنْ كُلِّ مُسْكِرٍ وَ كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ
He-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww forbade from every intoxicant, and every intoxicant is Prohibited’.
قُلْتُ فَالظُّرُوفُ الَّتِي تُصْنَعُ فِيهَا
I said, ‘The circumstance in which it is made?’
قَالَ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَنِ الدُّبَّاءِ وَ المُزَفَّتِ وَ الْحَنْتَمِ وَ النَّقِيرِ
He-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww forbade from ‘Al-Daba’a’, and ‘Al-Mazzafat’, and ‘Al-Hantam’, and ‘Al-Naqeer’’.
قُلْتُ وَ مَا ذَاكَ
I said, ‘And what is that?’
قَالَ الدُّبَّاءُ الْقَرْعُ وَ المُزَفَّتُ الدِّنَانُ الْحَنْتَمُ جِرَارُ الْأُرْدُنِّ وَ النَّقِيرُ خَشَبَةٌ كَانَ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَنْقُرُونَهَا حَتَّى يَصِيرَ لَهَا أَجْوَافٌ يَنْبِذُونَ فِيهَا وَ قِيلَ إِنَّ الْحَنْتَمَ الْجِرَارُ الْخُضْرُ.
He-asws said: ‘Al-Duba’a’ is the pumpkin (used to make Nabeez in it)’, and ‘Al-Mazzafat’ is ‘Al-Dinan’, ‘Al-Hantam’ is Jordanian jar, and ‘Al-Naqeer’ is wood. The people of the pre-Islamic period were puncturing holes in it until there would be the interior in it to make Nabeez in it. And it is said, ‘Al-Jirar’ is the green (clay jar to make Nabeez)’’.[133]
6- ل، الخصال فِي خَبَرِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع الشَّرَابُ كُلُّ مَا أَسْكَرَ كَثِيرُهُ فَقَلِيلُهُ وَ كَثِيرُهُ حَرَامٌ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – In a report of Al-Amsh,
From Al-Sadiq-asws: ‘All drinks what its more (intake) intoxicates, it’s little and it’s more is Prohibited’’.[134]
7- ع، علل الشرائع ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنِ السَّعْدَآبَادِيِّ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ الرِّضَا ع يَقُولُ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ الْخَمْرَ لِمَا فِيهَا مِنَ الْفَسَادِ وَ مِنْ تَغْيِيرِهَا عُقُولَ شَارِبِيهَا وَ حَمْلِهَا إِيَّاهُمْ عَلَى إِنْكَارِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ الْفِرْيَةِ عَلَيْهِ وَ عَلَى رُسُلِهِ وَ سَائِرِ مَا يَكُونُ مِنْهُمْ مِنَ الْفَسَادِ وَ الْقَتْلِ وَ الْقَذْفِ وَ الزِّنَا وَ قِلَّةِ الِاحْتِجَازِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْحَرَامِ
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’, (and) ‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws, may the greeting be upon him-asws – from Ibn Al Mutawakkil, from Al Sa’adabady, from Al Barqy, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Sinan who said,
‘I heard Al-Reza-asws saying: ‘Allah-azwj has Prohibited the wine due to what is in it from the corruption, and from it changing intellects of its drinker, and it carried them upon the denial of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and the libel upon Him-azwj and upon His-azwj Rasools-as, and rest of what mischief happens from them, and the killing, and the slander, and the adultery, and lack of abstention from something from the Prohibitions.
فَبِذَلِكَ قَضَيْنَا عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْكِرٍ مِنَ الْأَشْرِبَةِ أَنَّهُ حَرَامٌ مُحَرَّمٌ لِأَنَّهُ يَأْتِي مِنْ عَاقِبَتِهَا مَا يَأْتِي مِنْ عَاقِبَةِ الْخَمْرِ فَلْيَجْتَنِبْ مَنْ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَ الْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَ يَتَوَلَّانَا وَ يَنْتَحِلُ مَوَدَّتَنَا كُلَّ شَرَابٍ مُسْكِرٍ فَإِنَّهُ لَا عِصْمَةَ بَيْنَنَا وَ بَيْنَ شَارِبِيهَا.
For that (reason) we (Imams-asws) have judged upon every intoxicant from the drinks that it is Prohibited, forbidden, because there will come from its consequences what will come from consequences of the wine. So the one who believes in Allah-azwj and the Last Day, and he befriends us-asws, and arrogates our-asws affection, let him stay away from every intoxicating drink, for there is no bond between us-asws and its drinkers’’.[135]
8- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام فِيمَا كَتَبَ الرِّضَا ع لِلْمَأْمُونِ مِنْ دِينِ أَهْلِ الْبَيْتِ ع تَحْرِيمُ الْخَمْرِ قَلِيلِهَا وَ كَثِيرِهَا وَ تَحْرِيمُ كُلِّ شَرَابٍ مُسْكِرٍ قَلِيلِهِ وَ كَثِيرِهِ وَ مَا أَسْكَرَ كَثِيرُهُ فَقَلِيلُهُ حَرَامٌ وَ الْمُضْطَرُّ لَا يَشْرَبُ الْخَمْرَ لِأَنَّهَا تَقْتُلُهُ.
(The book) ‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws: ‘Among what Al-Reza-asws wrote for Al-Mamoun from religion of People-asws of the Household: ‘Prohibition of the wine, its little and its more, and Prohibition of every intoxicating drink, its little and its more, and whatever its more intoxicates, its little is Prohibited, and the desperate one should not drink the wine because it will kill him’’.[136]
9- ما، الأمالي للشيخ الطوسي عَنِ الْحَفَّارِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْخُزَاعِيِّ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ وَ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ مَعاً عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَا أَسْكَرَ كَثِيرُهُ فَالْجُرْعَةُ مِنْهُ خَمْر.
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of the sheyk Al Tusi – from Al Haffar, from Ismail Bin Ali Al Khuzaie, from Is’haq Bin Ibrahim, from Abdul Razzaq, from Ma’mar, from Al Zuhry, from Urwah and Abu Salama, both together from Ayesha who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Whatever it’s more intoxicates, the gulp from it is (classified as) wine’’.[137]
10- ما، الأمالي للشيخ الطوسي عَنِ ابْنِ الْحَمَّامِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَطَّانِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ الْقَاضِي عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنِ السَّرِيِّ بْنِ عَامِرٍ عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص قَالَ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ مِنَ الْعِنَبِ خَمْراً وَ إِنَّ مِنَ الزَّبِيبِ خَمْراً وَ إِنَّ مِنَ التَّمْرِ خَمْراً وَ إِنَّ مِنَ الشَّعِيرِ خَمْراً أَلَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْ كُلِّ مُسْكِرٍ.
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of the sheykh Al Tusi – from Ibn Al Hammamy, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Qattan, from Ismail Bin Muhammad Al Qazi, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Al Sary Bin Aamir, from Al Numan Bin Baseer,
‘From the Prophet-saww having said: ‘O you people! From the grapes is wine, and from the raising is wine, and from the dates is wine, and from the barley is wine. Indeed, O you people! I-saww am forbidding you from every intoxicant!’’[138]
11- ب، قرب الإسناد عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَخِيهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْكُحْلِ يَصْلُحُ أَنْ يُعْجَنَ بِالنَّبِيذِ قَالَ لَا.
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Asnaad’ –
‘From Ali, from his brother-asws (7th Imam-asws), he said, ‘I asked from the Kohl (eye liner), ‘Is it correct to knead it with Al-Nabeez?’ He-asws said: ‘No!’’[139]
12- ثو، ثواب الأعمال عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ عَنْ هَارُونَ عَنِ ابْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ أَدْخَلَ عِرْقاً مِنْ عُرُوقِهِ شَيْئاً مِمَّا يُسْكِرُ كَثِيرُهُ عَذَّبَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ ذَلِكَ الْعِرْقَ بِسِتِّينَ وَ ثَلَاثِ مِائَةِ نَوْعٍ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – from his father, from Al Himeyri, from Haroun, from Ibn Ziyad,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘One enters into a vein from his veins, something from what its lot intoxicates, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic will Punish that veil with three hundred and sixty types of Punishments’’.[140]
13- ثو، ثواب الأعمال عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الخبثي فَقَالَ الخبثي حَرَامٌ وَ شَارِبُهُ كَشَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – from his father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Yazeed, from Abu Muhammad Al Ansary, from Ibn Sinan,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I asked him-asws about (the beverage) ‘Al-Khabshi’. He-asws said: ‘Al-Khabshi is Prohibited, and it’s drinker is like the drinker of wine’’.[141]
14- ير، بصائر الدرجات عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمُؤْمِنِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَدَّبَ نَبِيَّهُ حَتَّى إِذَا أَقَامَهُ عَلَى مَا أَرَادَ قَالَ لَهُ وَ أْمُرْ بِالْعُرْفِ وَ أَعْرِضْ عَنِ الْجاهِلِينَ فَلَمَّا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص زَكَّاهُ اللَّهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّكَ لَعَلى خُلُقٍ عَظِيمٍ
(The book) ‘Basaair Al Darajaat’ – from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Abu Abdullah Al Momin, from Is’haq Bin Ammar,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Allahazwj Educated Hisazwj Prophetsaww until Hesaww has Established himsaww upon what Heazwj Wanted, Said to himsaww: Take to the Forgiveness and enjoin good and turn away from the ignorant ones [7:199]. When Rasool-Allahsaww had done that for Himazwj, Allahazwj Praised himsaww Saying: And you are upon magnificent morals [68:4].
فَلَمَّا زَكَّاهُ فَوَّضَ إِلَيْهِ دِينَهُ فَقَالَ ما آتاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَ ما نَهاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا فَحَرَّمَ اللَّهُ الْخَمْرَ وَ حَرَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص كُلَّ مُسْكِرٍ فَأَجَازَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَنْزَلَ الصَّلَاةَ وَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص وَقَّتَ أَوْقَاتَهَا فَأَجَازَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ.
When Heazwj had Purified himsaww, Authorised Hisazwj Religion to himsaww: And whatever the Rasool gives you, so take it, and whatever he forbids you from, then refrain [59:7]. Allahazwj had Prohibited the wine, and Rasool-Allahsaww prohibited all intoxicants, and Allahazwj Allowed all of that for him, and Allahazwj Revealed the Salats, and Rasool-Allahsaww timed their timings, and Allahazwj Allowed that for himsaww’’.[142]
15- سن، المحاسن عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامٍ وَ عَنْ أَبِي عُمَرَ الْعَجَمِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَا أَبَا عُمَرَ تِسْعَةُ أَعْشَارِ الدِّينِ فِي التَّقِيَّةِ وَ لَا دِينَ لِمَنْ لَا تَقِيَّةَ لَهُ وَ التَّقِيَّةُ فِي كُلِّ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا فِي شُرْبِ النَّبِيذِ وَ الْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ.
(The book) ‘Al Mahasin’ – from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham, and from Abu Umar Al Ajamy who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘O Abu Umar! Nine-tenth’s of the religion is in the Taqiyyah (dissimulation), and there is no religion for the one having no Taqiyyah for him, and the Taqiyya is in all things except drinking Al-Nabeez, and the wiping upon the two socks (during Wud’u)’’.[143]
16- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام اعْلَمْ أَنَّ كُلَّ صِنْفٍ مِنْ صُنُوفِ الْأَشْرِبَةِ الَّتِي لَا تُغَيِّرُ الْعَقْلَ شُرْبُ الْكَثِيرِ مِنْهَا لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ سِوَى الْفُقَّاعِ فَإِنَّهُ مَنْصُوصٌ عَلَيْهِ لِغَيْرِ هَذِهِ الْعِلَّةِ وَ كُلُّ شَرَابٍ يَتَغَيَّرُ الْعَقْلُ مِنْهُ كَثِيرُهُ وَ قَلِيلُهُ حَرَامٌ أَعَاذَنَا اللَّهُ وَ إِيَّاكُمْ مِنْهَا.
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – ‘Know that every type from the types of drinks which does not change the intellect, drinking a lot from it, there is no problem with it apart from Al Fuqa’a, for it is stipulated upon for other than this reason, and every drink the intellect is changed from it, its lot and its little is Prohibited. May Allah-azwj Shelter us-asws and you all from it’’.[144]
17- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص الْخَمْرُ حَرَامٌ بِعَيْنِهِ وَ الْمُسْكِرُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَرَابٍ فَمَا أَسْكَرَ كَثِيرُهُ فَقَلِيلُهُ حَرَامٌ وَ لَهَا خَمْسَةُ أسامي [أَسَامٍ] فَالْعَصِيرُ مِنَ الْكَرْمِ وَ هِيَ الْخَمْرَةُ الْمَلْعُونَةُ وَ النَّقِيعُ مِنَ الزَّبِيبِ وَ الْبِتْعُ مِنَ الْعَسَلِ وَ الْمِزْرُ مِنَ الشَّعِيرِ وَ غَيْرِهِ وَ النَّبِيذُ مِنَ التَّمْرِ.
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – ‘The Prophet-saww said: ‘The wine is Prohibited in particular, and the intoxicants from every drink. Whatever more of it intoxicates, little of it is Prohibited, and there are five names for it. The juice is from the vine, and it is the accursed wine, and ‘A- Naqie’ is from the raisins, and ‘Al-Bit’a’ is from the honey, and ‘Al-Mizr’ is from the barley and other such, and ‘Al-Nabeez’ is from the dates’’.[145]
18- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ع قَالَ: السُّكْرُ مِنَ الْكَبَائِرِ.
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Al Sakuni,
‘From Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, from his-asws father-asws having said: ‘The intoxication (being intoxicated) is from the major sins’’.[146]
19- كش، رجال الكشي وَجَدْتُ فِي كِتَابِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نُعَيْمٍ الشَّاذَانِيِّ بِخَطِّهِ حَدَّثَنِي جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ الْبَجَلِيِّ عَنْ حَنَانِ بْنِ سَدِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ لِي قَرَابَةً يُحِبُّكُمْ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ يَشْرَبُ هَذَا النَّبِيذَ
(The book) ‘Rijaal’ of Al Kashi – ‘I found in the book of Muhammad Bin Nueym Al Shazani, in his handwriting, ‘It is narrated to my by Ja’far Bin Muhammad Al Madainy, from Musa Bin Al Qasim Al Bajali, from Hanan Bin Sadeyr, from Abu Najran who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘There is a relative of mine who loves you (Imams-asws) except that he drinks this Al-Nabeez’.
قَالَ حَنَانٌ وَ أَبُو نَجْرَانَ هُوَ الَّذِي كَانَ يَشْرَبُ النَّبِيذَ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ كَنَّى عَنْ نَفْسِهِ
Hanan and Abu Najran said, ‘He is the one who was drinking Al-Nabeez, apart from that he would disguise himself’.
قَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَهَلْ كَانَ يُسْكِرُ
He (the narrator) said, ‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Would he get intoxicated?’
فَقَالَ قُلْتُ إِي وَ اللَّهِ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّهُ لَيُسْكِرُ
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘Yes, by Allah-azwj! May I be sacrificed for you-asws, he would get intoxicated!’
فَقَالَ فَيَتْرُكُ الصَّلَاةَ
He-asws said: ‘Does he neglect the Salat?’
قَالَ رُبَّمَا قَالَ لِلْجَارِيَةِ صَلَّيْتُ الْبَارِحَةَ فَرُبَّمَا قَالَتْ نَعَمْ قَدْ صَلَّيْتَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ وَ رُبَّمَا قَالَ لِلْجَارِيَةِ صَلَّيْتُ الْبَارِحَةَ الْعَتَمَةَ فَتَقُولُ لَا وَ اللَّهِ مَا صَلَّيْتَ وَ لَقَدْ أَيْقَظْنَاكَ وَ جَهَدْنَا بِكَ
He said, ‘Sometimes he would say to the slave girl, ‘Did I pray Salat yesterday?’ Sometimes she would say, ‘Yes, you had prayed Salat three times’. And sometimes he would say to the slave girl, ‘Did I pray salat yesterday evening?’ She would say, ‘No, by Allah-azwj! You did not pray, and we had awakened you and we had struggled with you’.
فَأَمْسَكَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَدَهُ عَلَى جَبْهَتِهِ طَوِيلًا ثُمَّ نَحَّى يَدَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ قُلْ لَهُ يَتْرُكْهُ فَإِنْ زَلَّتْ بِهِ قَدَمٌ فَإِنَّ لَهُ قَدَماً ثَابِتاً بِمَوَدَّتِنَا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ.
Abu Abdullah-asws withheld his-asws hand upon his-asws forehead for a long time, then he-asws moved his-asws hand away, then said: ‘Tell him to leave it, for if a foot were to slip with him, a foot will affirm for him, due to our-asws affection, People-asws of the Household’’.[147]
20- كِتَابُ الدَّلَائِلِ لِلطَّبَرِيِّ، عَنِ الْقَاضِي أَبِي الْفَرَجِ الْمُعَافَى عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْمُقْرِي عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ عَمَّيْ أَبِيهِ الْحُسَيْنِ وَ عَلِيٍّ ابْنَيْ مُوسَى عَنْ أَبِيهِمَا عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ ع قَالَتْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص يَا حَبِيبَةَ أَبِيهَا كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ وَ كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ خَمْرٌ.
(The book) ‘Al Dalail of Al Tabari – from the judge Abu Al Faraj Al Muafy, from Is’haq Bin Muhammad Bin Ali, from Ahmad Bin Al Hassan Al Muqry, from Muhammad Bin Ismail Bin Ibrahim Bin Musa, from an uncle of his father Al-Husayn and Ali,
‘Two sons of Musa-asws, from their father-asws, from his-asws father Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad‑asws, from his-asws forefathers, from (Syeda) Fatima-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah‑saww said: ‘O beloved of her-asws father-saww! Every intoxicant is Prohibited, and every intoxicant is (classified as) wine’’.[148]
باب 89 العصير من العنب و الزبيب
CHAPTER 89 – THE JUICE FROM THE GRAPES AND THE RAISINS
1- ب، قرب الإسناد عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَخِيهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الزَّبِيبِ هَلْ يَصْلُحُ أَنْ يُطْبَخَ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ طَعْمُهُ ثُمَّ يُؤْخَذَ ذَلِكَ الْمَاءُ فَيُطْبَخَ حَتَّى يَذْهَبَ ثُلُثَاهُ وَ يَبْقَى الثُّلُثُ ثُمَّ يُرْفَعَ فَيُشْرَبَ مِنْهُ السَّنَةَ
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Asnaad’ –
‘From Ali, from his brother-asws (7th Imam-asws), he said, ‘I asked him-asws about the raisins, ‘It is suitable to cook until its taste comes out, then that water is taken and cooked until two-thirds of it is gone and the third remains, then it is raised and during from it for a year?’
قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ
He-asws said: ‘There is no problem’.
قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يُصَلِّي لِلْقِبْلَةِ لَا يُوثَقُ بِهِ أَتَى بِشَرَابٍ فَزَعَمَ أَنَّهُ عَلَى الثُّلُثِ أَ يَحِلُّ شُرْبُهُ قَالَ لَا يُصَدَّقُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مُسْلِماً عَارِفاً.
He said, ‘And I asked him-asws about a man praying Salat to the Qiblah, not being trusted with it. He comes with a drink. He claims that it is upon the third. Is it Permissible to drink it? He‑asws said: ‘He cannot be ratified except if he happens to be a known Muslim’’.[149]
2- ع، علل الشرائع عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنْ سَهْلٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ الشَّامِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ إِنَّ آدَمَ لَمَّا هَبَطَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ اشْتَهَى مِنْ ثِمَارِهَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِ قَضِيبَيْنِ مِنْ عِنَبٍ فَغَرَسَهُمَا
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from his father, from Muhammad Al Attar, from Sahl, from Ibn Mahboub, from Khalid Bin Jareer, from Abu Al Rabie Al Shamy,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When Adam-as came down from the Paradise, he-as yearned for its fruits. Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Sent down to him two branches of grapes. He-as planted them.
فَلَمَّا أَوْرَقَا وَ أَثْمَرَا وَ بَلَغَا جَاءَ إِبْلِيسُ فَحَاطَ عَلَيْهِمَا حَائِطاً فَقَالَ لَهُ آدَمُ مَا لَكَ يَا مَلْعُونُ
When they sprouted leaves and bore fruit and matured, Iblees-la came and built a wall around them. Adam-as said to him-la: ‘What is the matter with you-la, O accursed?’
فَقَالَ لَهُ إِبْلِيسُ إِنَّهُمَا لِي
Iblees-la said to him-as, ‘These two are mine-la!’
فَقَالَ كَذَبْتَ
He-as said: ‘You-la are lying!’
فَرَضِيَا بَيْنَهُمَا بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ فَلَمَّا انْتَهَيَا إِلَيْهِ فَقَصَّ آدَمُ قِصَّتَهُ فَأَخَذَ رُوحُ الْقُدُسِ شَيْئاً مِنْ نَارٍ فَرَمَى بِهَا عَلَيْهِمَا فَالْتَهَبَتْ فِي أَغْصَانِهِمَا حَتَّى ظَنَّ آدَمُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَبْقَ مِنْهُمَا شَيْءٌ إِلَّا احْتَرَقَ وَ ظَنَّ إِبْلِيسُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ
They agreed with the Holy Spirit (as judge) between them. When they ended to him, Adam-as narrated to him. The Holy Spirit took something from fire and threw it upon both (the plants). It ignited in their branches until Adam-as thought nothing from them would remain except it would be burnt, and Iblees-la thought similar to that’.
قَالَ فَدَخَلَتِ النَّارُ حَيْثُ دَخَلَتْ وَ قَدْ ذَهَبَ مِنْهُمَا ثُلُثَاهُمَا وَ بَقِيَ الثُّلُثُ فَقَالَ الرُّوحُ أَمَّا مَا ذَهَبَ مِنْهُمَا فَحَظُّ إِبْلِيسَ لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلَكَ يَا آدَمُ.
He-asws said: ‘The fire entered where it entered, and two-thirds of it was gone and the third remained. The Spirit said, ‘As for what has gone from them, it is share of Iblees-la, may Allah-azwj Curse him-la, and what remains is for you-as, O Adam-as’’.[150]
3- ع، علل الشرائع بِالْإِسْنَادِ إِلَى وَهْبٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا خَرَجَ نُوحٌ ع مِنَ السَّفِينَةِ غَرَسَ قُضْبَاناً كَانَتْ مَعَهُ فِي السَّفِينَةِ مِنَ النَّخِيلِ وَ الْأَعْنَابِ وَ سَائِرِ الثِّمَارِ فَأَطْعَمَتْ مِنْ سَاعَتِهَا وَ كَانَتْ مَعَهُ حَبَلَةُ الْعِنَبِ وَ كَانَتْ آخِرَ شَيْءٍ أُخْرِجَ حَبَلَةُ الْعِنَبِ فَلَمْ يَجِدْهَا نُوحٌ وَ كَانَ إِبْلِيسُ قَدْ أَخَذَهَا فَخَبَاهَا
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – by the chain to Wahab who said,
‘When Noah-as emerged from the ship, he-as planted a stalk which was with him-as in the ship, of the palm tree and the grapes, and rest of the fruits. It fed from its time, and there was a bag of grapes which was with him-as, and it was last of the things he-as wanted to bring out, but he-as could not find it, and it was (because) Iblees-la had taken (stolen) it. He-la hid it.
فَنَهَضَ نُوحٌ ع لِيَدْخُلَ السَّفِينَةَ لِيَلْتَمِسَهَا فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ الَّذِي مَعَهُ اجْلِسْ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ سَتُؤْتَى بِهَا فَجَلَسَ نُوحٌ ع فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ إِنَّ لَكَ فِيهَا شَرِيكاً فِي عَصِيرِهَا فَأَحْسِنْ مُشَارَكَتَهُ
Noah-as got up to enter the ship to search for it. The Angel who was with him-as said to him-as, ‘Be seated, O Prophet-as of Allah-azwj! It shall be come with to you-as’. Noah-as sat down. The Angel said to him-as, ‘There is a partner for you-as regarding it, in its juice, therefore be a good partner to him-la’.
قَالَ نَعَمْ لَهُ السُّبُعُ وَ لِي سِتَّةُ أَسْبَاعٍ قَالَ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ أَحْسِنْ فَأَنْتَ مُحْسِنٌ
He-as said: ‘Yes. For him would be the seventh and for me-as would be six-seventh’. The Angels said to him-as, ‘Improve, for you-as are a good doer’.
قَالَ نُوحٌ ع لَهُ السُّدُسُ وَ لِي خَمْسَةُ أَسْدَاسٍ قَالَ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ أَحْسِنْ فَأَنْتَ مُحْسِنٌ
Noah-as said: ‘For him is the sixth, and for me would be five-sixth’. The Angel said to him-as: ‘Improve, for you-as are a good doer’.
قَالَ نُوحٌ ع لَهُ الْخُمُسُ وَ لِيَ الْأَرْبَعَةُ الْأَخْمَاسِ قَالَ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ أَحْسِنْ فَأَنْتَ مُحْسِنٌ
Noah-as said: ‘For him is the fifth and for me-as the four-fifths’. The Angel said to him-as: ‘Improve, for you-as are a good doer’.
قَالَ نُوحٌ ع لَهُ الرُّبُعُ وَ لِي ثَلَاثَةُ أَرْبَاعٍ قَالَ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ أَحْسِنْ فَأَنْتَ مُحْسِنٌ
Noah-as said: ‘For him is the fourth and for me-as is the three-fourths’. The Angel said to him-as: ‘Improve, for you-as are a good doer’.
قَالَ فَلَهُ النِّصْفُ وَ لِيَ النِّصْفُ قَالَ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ أَحْسِنْ فَأَنْتَ مُحْسِنٌ
He-as said: ‘For him is the half and for me-as the half’. The Angel said to him-as: ‘Improve, for you-as are a good doer’.
قَالَ ع لِيَ الثُّلُثُ وَ لَهُ الثُّلُثَانِ
He-as said: ‘For me-as is the third and for him the two-thirds’.
فَرَضِيَ فَمَا كَانَ فَوْقَ الثُّلُثِ مِنْ طَبْخِهَا فَلِإِبْلِيسَ وَ هُوَ لِحَظِّهِ وَ مَا كَانَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ فَمَا دُونَهُ فَهُوَ لِنُوحٍ ع وَ هُوَ لِحَظِّهِ وَ ذَلِكَ الْحَلَالُ الطَّيِّبُ لِيُشْرَبَ مِنْهُ.
He agreed. So whatever was above the third from its cooking, it is for Iblees-la and it is his-la share, and whatever was from the third and whatever below it, it is for Noah-as, and it is his-as share, and that is the Permissible, the good to be drinking from it’’.[151]
4- ع، علل الشرائع عَنِ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَرَّارٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ كَانَ أَبِي يَقُولُ إِنَّ نُوحاً حِينَ أُمِرَ بِالْغَرْسِ كَانَ إِبْلِيسُ إِلَى جَانِبِهِ فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَغْرِسَ الْعِنَبَ قَالَ هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةُ لِي
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from Al Hamdany, from Ali, from his father, from Ibn Marrar, from Yunus, from Al A’la, from Muhammad,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘My-asws father-as had said: ‘When Noah-as was Commanded with the planting, Iblees-la was by his-as side. When he-as wanted to plant the grapes, he-la said: ‘This three is mine-la!’
فَقَالَ لَهُ نُوحٌ ع كَذَبْتَ فَقَالَ إِبْلِيسُ فَمَا لِي مِنْهَا قَالَ نُوحٌ لَكَ الثُّلُثَانِ
Noah-as said: ‘You-la are lying!’ Iblees-la said, ‘So what is mine-la from it?’ Noah-as said: ‘For you‑la is the two-thirds’.
فَمِنْ هُنَاكَ طَابَ الطِّلَاءُ عَلَى الثُّلُثِ.
From then on, ‘Al-Tila’a’ (what is cooked from the grape juice) is good upon the third’’.[152]
5- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام اعْلَمْ أَنَّ أَصْلَ الْخَمْرِ مِنَ الْكَرْمِ إِذَا أَصَابَتْهُ النَّارُ أَوْ غَلَى مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ تُصِيبَهُ النَّارُ فَهُوَ خَمْرٌ وَ لَا يَحِلُّ شُرْبُهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَذْهَبَ ثُلُثَاهُ عَلَى النَّارِ وَ بَقِيَ ثُلُثُهُ
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws: ‘Know that origin of the wine is from the vine. When the fire hits it, or is boiled from without fire hitting it, it is wine and it is not Permissible to drink it except if two-thirds of it goes (evaporates) upon the fire and a third of it remain.
فَإِنْ نَشَّ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ تُصِيبَهُ النَّارُ فَدَعْهُ حَتَّى يَصِيرَ خَلًّا مِنْ ذَاتِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يُلْقَى فِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَإِنْ تَغَيَّرَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ وَ صَارَ خَمْراً فَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ تَطْرَحَ فِيهِ مِلْحاً أَوْ غَيْرَهُ حَتَّى يَتَحَوَّلَ خَلًّا.
If it simmers from without the fire hitting it, leave it until it becomes vinegar by itself from without throwing anything into it. If it changes after that and becomes wine, there is no problem from dropping salt in it or something else until he transforms as vinegar’’.[153]
6- سر، السرائر مِنْ كِتَابِ الْمَسَائِلِ مِنْ مَسَائِلِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عِيسَى حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَ مُوسَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ عِنْدَنَا طَبِيخٌ يُجْعَلُ فِيهِ الْحِصْرِمُ وَ رُبَّمَا جُعِلَ فِيهِ الْعَصِيرُ مِنَ الْعِنَبِ وَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ لَحْمٌ يُطْبَخُ بِهِ وَ قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْهُمْ فِي الْعَصِيرِ أَنَّهُ إِذَا جُعِلَ عَلَى النَّارِ لَمْ يُشْرَبْ حَتَّى يَذْهَبَ ثُلُثَاهُ وَ يَبْقَى ثُلُثُهُ وَ أَنَّ الَّذِي يُجْعَلُ فِي الْقِدْرِ مِنَ الْعَصِيرِ بِتِلْكَ الْمَنْزِلَةِ وَ قَدِ اجْتَنَبُوا أَكْلَهُ إِلَى أَنْ يَسْتَأْذِنَ مَوْلَانَا فِي ذَلِكَ
(The book) ‘Al Saraair’ – from ‘Kitab Al Masaail’ of Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Isa – It is narrated to us by Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Ziyad, and Musa Bin Muhammad Bin Ali who said,
‘I wrote to Abu Al Hassan-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! With us there is a cuisine the sour grapes are made to be in it, and sometimes the grape juice is made to be in it, and rather it is meat being cooked in it, and it has been reported from them regarding the juice that when it is made to be upon the fire, it cannot be drunk until two-thirds of it is gone and its third remains, and that which is made to be in the pot is from the juice is with that status, and they avoid eating it until permission is sought from our Master-asws regarding that’.
فَكَتَبَ بِخَطِّهِ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ.
He-asws wrote with his-asws handwriting: ‘There is no problem with that’’.[154]
7- كِتَابُ صِفِّينَ، لِنَصْرِ بْنِ مُزَاحِمٍ قَالَ: كَتَبَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع إِلَى الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ قُطْنَةَ وَ اطْبُخْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ قِبَلَكَ مِنَ الطِّلَاءِ مَا يَذْهَبُ ثُلُثَاهُ وَ يَبْقَى ثُلُثُهُ.
(The book) ‘Kitab Siffeen’ of Nasr Bin Muzahim who said,
‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws wrote to Al-Aswan Bin Qutnah: ‘And cook for the Muslims before you, from Al Tila’a (what is cooked from the grape juice) what it’s two-thirds is gone and its one-third remains’’.[155]
8- كِتَابُ زَيْدٍ النَّرْسِيِّ، قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الزَّبِيبِ يُدَقُّ وَ يُلْقَى فِي الْقِدْرِ ثُمَّ يُصَبُّ عَلَيْهِ الْمَاءُ وَ يُوقَدُ تَحْتَهُ فَقَالَ لَا تَأْكُلْهُ حَتَّى يَذْهَبَ الثُّلُثَانِ وَ يَبْقَى الثُّلُثُ فَإِنَّ النَّارَ قَدْ أَصَابَتْهُ
The book of Zayd Al Narsy who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws was asked about the raisins pounded and thrown into the pot, then the water is poured upon it, and (fire) is ignited under it. He-asws said: ‘Do not eat it until two-thirds of it is gone and the third remains, for the fire has hit it’.
قُلْتُ فَالزَّبِيبُ كَمَا هُوَ يُلْقَى فِي الْقِدْرِ وَ يُصَبُّ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ يُطْبَخُ وَ يُصَفَّى عَنْهُ الْمَاءُ
I said, ‘The raisins, (if) they are thrown into the pot just as they are, and (water) is poured upon it, then cooked, and the water is drained from it?’
فَقَالَ كَذَلِكَ هُوَ سَوَاءٌ إِذَا أَدَّتِ الْحَلَاوَةُ إِلَى الْمَاءِ وَ صَارَ حُلْواً بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْعَصِيرِ ثُمَّ نَشَّ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ تُصِيبَهُ النَّارُ فَقَدْ حَرُمَ وَ كَذَلِكَ إِذَا أَصَابَهُ النَّارُ فَأَغْلَاهُ فَقَدْ فَسَدَ.
He-asws said: ‘Like that, it is the same when the sweet is led to the water and becomes sweet, is at the status of the juice. Then it simmers from without the fire having hit it, so it is Prohibited; and like that when the fire does hit it, so it boils it, it is spoilt’’.[156]
باب 90 أحكام الخمر و انقلابها
CHAPTER 90 – RULINGS OF THE WINE AND ITS TRANSFORMING
1- ب، قرب الإسناد عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَخِيهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ يَكُونُ أَوَّلُهُ خَمْراً ثُمَّ يَصِيرُ خَلًّا يُؤْكَلُ قَالَ إِذَا ذَهَبَ سُكْرُهُ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ.
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Asnaad’ –
‘From Ali, from his brother-asws (7th Imam-asws), he said, ‘I asked him-asws about the wine, it’s beginning being wine, then it becomes vinegar, ‘Can it be eaten?’ He-asws said: ‘When it’s intoxication is gone, there is no problem with it’’.[157]
2- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام بِالْأَسَانِيدِ الثَّلَاثَةِ عَنِ الرِّضَا عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع كُلُوا خَلَّ الْخَمْرِ فَإِنَّهُ يَقْتُلُ الدِّيدَانَ فِي الْبَطْنِ
(The book) ‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’, may the greetings be upon him-asws – by the three chains from Al-Reza-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws: ‘Consume wine vinegar for it kills the insects in the belly’.
وَ قَالَ كُلُوا خَلَّ الْخَمْرِ مَا انْفَسَدَ وَ لَا تَأْكُلُوا مَا أَفْسَدْتُمُوهُ أَنْتُمْ.
And he-asws said: ‘Consume the wine vinegar what has gone bad (by itself), and do not consume what you yourselves have spoilt it’’.[158]
3- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام إِنْ صُبَّ فِي الْخَمْرِ خَلٌّ لَمْ يَحِلَّ أَكْلُهُ حَتَّى تَذْهَبَ عَلَيْهِ أَيَّامٌ وَ تَصِيرَ خَلًّا ثُمَّ أُكِلَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ.
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws: ‘If vinegar is poured into the wine, it is not Permissible to consume it until days pass by upon it and (the whole of it) becomes vinegar, then consume after that’’.[159]
4- سر، السرائر مِنْ جَامِعِ الْبَزَنْطِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ يُعَالَجُ بِالْمِلْحِ وَ غَيْرِهِ لِيُحَوَّلَ خَلًّا فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِمُعَالَجَتِهَا
(The book) ‘Al Saraair’, from ‘Jamie’ of Al Bazanty – from Abu Baseer,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having been asked about the wine treated with the salt and other such in order to transform into vinegar. He-asws said: ‘There is no problem with treating it’.
قُلْتُ فَإِنِّي عَالَجْتُهَا فَطَيَّنْتُ رَأْسَهَا ثُمَّ كَشَفْتُ عَنْهَا فَنَظَرْتُ إِلَيْهَا قَبْلَ الْوَقْتِ أَوْ بَعْدَهُ فَوَجَدْتُهَا خَمْراً أَ يَحِلُّ لِي إِمْسَاكُهَا
I said, ‘I treat it and cover its top with clay, then I remove from it. I look at it before the time or after it, so I find it was being wine. Is it Permissible for me to withhold it?’
فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ إِنَّمَا إِرَادَتُكَ أَنْ يَتَحَوَّلَ الْخَمْرُ خَلًّا فَلَيْسَ إِرَادَتُكَ الْفَسَادَ.
He-asws said: ‘There is no problem with that. But rather your intention is to transform the wine into vinegar, your intention is not the spoiling’’.[160]
باب 91 السرقة و الغلول و حدهما
CHAPTER 91 – THE THEFT AND THE FRAUD AND THEIR LEGAL PENALTIES
الآيات آل عمران وَ ما كانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَغُلَّ وَ مَنْ يَغْلُلْ يَأْتِ بِما غَلَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيامَةِ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ما كَسَبَتْ وَ هُمْ لا يُظْلَمُونَ
The Verses – (Surah) Aal e Imran-as: And it was not for a Prophet that he should defraud; and the one who defrauds will bring what he had defrauded with him on the Day of Qiyamah; then shall every soul be Paid back fully what it has earned, and they shall not be dealt with unjustly [3:161]
المائدة وَ السَّارِقُ وَ السَّارِقَةُ فَاقْطَعُوا أَيْدِيَهُما جَزاءً بِما كَسَبا نَكالًا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَ اللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ فَمَنْ تابَ مِنْ بَعْدِ ظُلْمِهِ وَ أَصْلَحَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَتُوبُ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ.
(Surah) Al Maidah: And the male thief and the female thief, cut their hands as a recompense due to what they earned, being an exemplary Punishment from Allah; and Allah is Mighty, Wise [5:38].
1- ل، الخصال قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع جَرَتْ فِي صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ الْجُمَحِيِّ ثَلَاثٌ مِنَ السُّنَنِ اسْتَعَارَ مِنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص سَبْعِينَ دِرْعاً حُطَمِيَّةً فَقَالَ أَ غَصْباً يَا مُحَمَّدُ قَالَ بَلْ عَارِيَّةً مُؤَدَّاةً
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ –
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Three from the Sunnahs flowed in Safwan Bin Umayya Al-Juhmy. Rasool-Allah-saww borrowed from him seventy broken shields. He said, ‘Is it by force, O Muhammad-saww?’ He-saww said: ‘But, borrowed on oath’.
فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَ قَبْلَ هِجْرَتِي فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص لَا هِجْرَةَ بَعْدَ الْفَتْحِ
He said, ‘Before my emigrating?’ The Prophet-saww said: ‘There is no emigration after the conquest (of Makkah)’.
وَ كَانَ رَاقِداً فِي مَسْجِدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ تَحْتَ رَأْسِهِ رِدَاؤُهُ فَخَرَجَ يَبُولُ فَجَاءَ وَ قَدْ سُرِقَ رِدَاؤُهُ فَقَالَ مَنْ ذَهَبَ بِرِدَائِي وَ خَرَجَ فِي طَلَبِهِ فَوَجَدَهُ فِي يَدِ رَجُلٍ فَرَفَعَهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ص
And he was sleeping in Masjid of Rasool-Allah-saww and his cloak was beneath his head. He went out to urinate. He came back and his cloak had been stolen. He said, ‘Who has gone with my cloak?’ And he went out in seeking it. He found it in the hand of a man. He raised it to the Prophet-saww.
فَقَالَ اقْطَعُوا يَدَهُ فَقَالَ أَ تَقْطَعُ يَدَهُ مِنْ أَجْلِ رِدَائِي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَأَنَا أَهَبُهُ لَهُ
He-saww said: ‘Cut his hand!’ He said, ‘Will you-saww cut his hand for the reason of my cloak, O Rasool-Allah-azwj? I hereby gift it to him’.
فَقَالَ ص أَلَّا كَانَ هَذَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَأْتِيَنِي بِهِ فَقُطِعَتْ يَدُهُ.
He-saww said: ‘Could this not have happened before you came to me with him?’ He-saww cut his hand’’.[161]
2- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ عَنِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنِ الْيَقْطِينِيِّ رَفَعَهُ إِلَى الرِّضَا ع قَالَ: لَا يَزَالُ الْعَبْدُ يَسْرِقُ حَتَّى إِذَا اسْتَوَى دِيَةَ يَدِهِ أَظْهَرَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ.
(The book) ‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – from Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Al Ashari, from Al Yaqteeni,
‘Raising it to Al-Reza-asws having said: ‘The servant will not keep stealing until when the wergild of his hand is even (when his hand is cut), Allah-azwj will Manifest it (his sin) to him’’.[162]
3- ع، علل الشرائع عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: لَا يُقْطَعُ الْأَجِيرُ وَ الضَّيْفُ إِذَا سَرَقَا لِأَنَّهُمَا مُؤْتَمَنَانِ.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from his father, from Ali, from his father, from IbnAbu Umeyr, from one of his companions,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The employee and the guest will not be cut when they steal because both of them are entrusted’’.[163]
4- ع، علل الشرائع عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اسْتَأْجَرَ أَجِيراً فَأَخَذَ الْأَجِيرُ مَتَاعَهُ فَسَرَقَهُ فَقَالَ هُوَ مُؤْتَمَنٌ
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Ibn Isa, from Sama’at who said,
‘I asked him-asws about a man who employs an employee. His employee takes his goods and steals it. He-asws said: ‘He is entrusted’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ الْأَجِيرُ وَ الضَّيْفُ أَمِينَانِ لَيْسَ يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِمَا حَدُّ السَّرِقَةِ.
Then he-asws said: ‘The employee and the guest are both trustees. The legal penalty of the theft does not occur upon them both’’.[164]
5- ع، علل الشرائع عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنِ السَّعْدَآبَادِيِّ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: الضَّيْفُ إِذَا سَرَقَ لَمْ يُقْطَعْ وَ إِنْ أَضَافَ الضَّيْفُ ضَيْفاً فَسَرَقَ قُطِعَ ضَيْفُ الضَّيْفِ.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from Ibn Al Mutawakkil, from Al Asadabady, from Al Barqy, from Ibn Mahboub, from Ibn Riab, from Muhammad Bin Qays,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘The guest, when he steals will not be cut, and if the guest adds a guest so he steals, the guest of the guest will be cut’’.[165]
6- ع، علل الشرائع عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ وَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ابْنَيْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: فِي رَجُلٍ اسْتَأْجَرَ أَجِيراً فَأَقْعَدَهُ عَلَى مَتَاعِهِ فَسَرَقَهُ قَالَ هُوَ مُؤْتَمَنٌ
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from his father, from Sa’ad, from Ahmad and Abdullah, two sons of Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hammad, from Al Halby,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said regarding a man who employs an employee and sist him upon his merchandise, so he steals it. He-asws said: ‘He is entrusted’.
وَ قَالَ فِي رَجُلٍ أَتَى رَجُلًا فَقَالَ أَرْسَلَنِي فُلَانٌ إِلَيْكَ لِتُرْسِلَ إِلَيْهِ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا فَأَعْطَاهُ وَ صَدَّقَهُ قَالَ فَلَقِيَ صَاحِبَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ إِنَّ رَسُولَكَ أَتَانِي فَبَعَثْتُ مَعَهُ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا فَقَالَ مَا أَرْسَلْتُهُ إِلَيْكَ وَ مَا أَتَانِي بِشَيْءٍ وَ زَعَمَ الرَّسُولُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ أَرْسَلَهُ وَ قَدْ دَفَعَهُ إِلَيْهِ
And he-asws said regarding a man who comes to a man and says, ‘So and so has sent me to you in order to send him such and such (item)’. He gives it to him and ratifies him. He meets his companion and says to him, ‘Your messenger came to me and I dispatched such and such with him. He says, ‘I did not send him to you, and he has not come to me with anything’. And the messenger claim that he had sent him, and he had handed it to him.
قَالَ إِنْ وَجَدَ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةً أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُرْسِلْهُ قُطِعَتْ يَدُهُ وَ مَعْنَى ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ قَدْ أَقَرَّ مَرَّةً أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُرْسِلْهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ بَيِّنَةً فَيَمِينُهُ بِاللَّهِ مَا أَرْسَلْتُ وَ يَسْتَوْفِي الْآخَرُ مِنَ الرَّسُولِ الْمَالَ
He-asws said: ‘If proof is found upon him that he did not send him, his hand would be cut, and meaning of that is that the messenger happens to have acknowledged once that he did not send him; and if proof is not found, so oath him with Allah-azwj, ‘I had not sent’, and the other one will fulfill the wealth from the messenger’.
He (the narrator) said, ‘What is your-asws view if he claims that rather the need had carried him upon (doing) that?’
قَالَ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا حَمَلَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ الْحَاجَةُ قَالَ يُقْطَعُ لِأَنَّهُ سَرَقَ مَالَ الرَّجُلِ.
He-asws said: ‘He would be cut because he had stolen wealth of the man’’.[166]
7- ع، علل الشرائع عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ النَّضْرِ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ جَمِيعاً عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ سَرَقَ سَرِقَةً فَكَافَرَ عَنْهَا فَضُرِبَ فَجَاءَ بِهَا بِعَيْنِهَا هَلْ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ الْقَطْعُ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَ لَكِنْ لَوِ اعْتَرَفَ وَ لَمْ يَجِئْ بِالسَّرِقَةِ لَمْ تُقْطَعْ يَدُهُ لِأَنَّهُ اعْتَرَفَ عَلَى الْعَذَابِ.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Ibn Marouf, from Ibn Mahziyar, from Al Hassan Bin Saeed, from Al Nazr and Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, altogether from Hisham Bin Sali, from Suleyman Bin Khalid who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about a man who steals an item, he denies it. He is beaten. He comes with it exactly. Is the cutting obligated upon him? He-asws said: ‘Yes, but had he acknowledged and did not come with the stolen item, his hand would not be cut, because he would have acknowledged upon the punishment’’.[167]
8- ب، قرب الإسناد عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَخِيهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ حَدِّ مَا يُقْطَعُ فِيهِ السَّارِقُ قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع بَيْضَةُ حَدِيدٍ بِدِرْهَمَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةٍ.
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Asnaad’ –
‘From Ali, from his brother-asws (7th Imam-asws) about legal penalty of what the thief would be cut regarding it. He-asws said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘An iron egg, for two Dirhams or three’’.[168] (something which can be valued)
9- ب، قرب الإسناد عَنِ الْبَزَّازِ عَنْ أَبِي الْبَخْتَرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ع قَالَ: لَا قَطْعَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ طَعَامٍ غَيْرِ مَفْرُوغٍ مِنْهُ.
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Asnaad’ – from Al Bazzaz, from Abu Al Bakhtari,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws, from his-asws father-asws having said: ‘There is no cutting regarding anything from food nor which goes off’’.[169]
10- ع، علل الشرائع عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ اكْتَرَى حِمَاراً ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ بِهِ إِلَى صَاحِبِ الثِّيَابِ فَابْتَاعَ مِنْهُمْ ثَوْباً أَوْ ثَوْبَيْنِ وَ تَرَكَ الْحِمَارَ قَالَ يُرَدُّ الْحِمَارُ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ وَ يُتْبَعُ الَّذِي ذَهَبَ بِالثَّوْبَيْنِ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ قَطْعٌ إِنَّمَا هِيَ خِيَانَةٌ.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from his father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Isa, from Al-Husayn Bin Saeed, from Fazalah, from Musa Bin Bakr, from Ali Bin Saeed who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about a man who hired a donkey. Then he came with it to owner of the garments. He bought from them, a garment or two garments and left the donkey. He-asws said: ‘The donkey will be returned to its owner and the one who had gone with the two garments will be pursued, and cutting isn’t upon him. But rather, it is the betrayal (of trust)’’.[170]
11- ع، علل الشرائع عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي رَجُلٍ أَشَلِّ الْيَدِ الْيُمْنَى أَوْ أَشَلِّ الشِّمَالِ سَرَقَ قَالَ تُقْطَعُ يَدُهُ الْيُمْنَى عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from Ibn Al Mutawakkil, from Al Himeyri, from Ibn Isa, from Ibn Mahboub, from Ibn Sinan,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws regarding a man crippled of the right hand, or the left hand. He-asws said: ‘The right hand would be cut upon every situation’’.[171]
12- ع، علل الشرائع بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ ابْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ جَمِيعاً عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فِي رَجُلٍ أَشَلِّ الْيُمْنَى سَرَقَ قَالَ تُقْطَعُ يَمِينُهُ شَلَّاءَ كَانَتْ أَوْ صَحِيحَةً فَإِنْ عَادَ فَسَرَقَ قُطِعَتْ رِجْلُهُ الْيُسْرَى فَإِنْ عَادَ خُلِّدَ فِي السِّجْنِ وَ أُجْرِيَ عَلَيْهِ طَعَامُهُ مِنْ بَيْتِ مَالِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يُكَفُّ عَنِ النَّاسِ شَرُّهُ.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – by this chain, from Ibn Mahboub, from Al A’ala, from Muhammad, and Ibn Riab, from Zurara, altogether,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws regarding a man of crippled right hand stealing. He-asws said: ‘His right hand would be cut, whether it was crippled or healthy. If he repeats, his left leg would be cut. If he repeats, he will be in the prison for life and his food will be flowed to him from the public treasury of the Muslims, sufficing the people from his evil’’.[172]
13- ع، علل الشرائع عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ النَّضْرِ عَنِ ابْنِ حُمَيْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي السَّارِقِ إِذَا سَرَقَ قُطِعَتْ يَمِينُهُ وَ إِذَا سَرَقَ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى قُطِعَتْ رِجْلُهُ الْيُسْرَى ثُمَّ إِذَا سَرَقَ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى سَجَنَهُ وَ تُرِكَتْ رِجْلُهُ الْيُمْنَى يَمْشِي عَلَيْهَا إِلَى الْغَائِطِ وَ يَدُهُ الْيُسْرَى يَأْكُلُ بِهَا وَ يَسْتَنْجِي بِهَا.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from Ibn Al Waleed, from Al-Husayn Bin Saeed, from Al Nazr, from Ibn Humeyd, from Ibn Qays,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws judged regarding the thief when he steals, his right hand would be cut, and when he steals once again his left leg would be cut. Then when he steals another time, he would be imprisoned, and his right leg would be left along to walk upon it to the toilet, and the left hand to eat with and clean from the toilet with it’’.[173]
وَ قَالَ: إِنِّي أَسْتَحِي مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ أَتْرُكَهُ لَا يَنْتَفِعُ بِشَيْءٍ وَ لَكِنْ أَسْجُنُهُ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ فِي السِّجْنِ.
And he-asws said: ‘I-asws am embarrassed from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic if I-asws were to leave him (thief) not benefitting with anything, but I-asws shall imprison him until he dies in the prison’’.[174]
وَ قَالَ ع مَا قَطَعَ مُحَمَّدٌ ص مِنْ سَارِقٍ بَعْدَ يَدِهِ وَ رِجْلِهِ.
And he-asws said: ‘Muhammad-saww had not cut from a thief after his hand and his leg’’.[175]
14- ع، علل الشرائع بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع لَا يَزِيدُ عَلَى قَطْعِ الْيَدِ وَ الرِّجْلِ وَ يَقُولُ إِنِّي لَأَسْتَحِي مِنْ رَبِّي أَنْ أَدَعَهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ مَا يَسْتَنْجِي بِهِ أَوْ يَتَطَهَّرُ بِهِ.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – by this chain, from Al-Husayn Bin Saeed, from Fazala, from Aban Bin Usman, from Zurara,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws had not exceeded upon cutting the hand and the leg, and he-asws said: ‘I-asws am embarrassed from my-asws Lord-azwj if I-asws were to leave him and there isn’t for him what he can clean himself from the toilet with, or to cleanse with’’.[176]
قَالَ: وَ سَأَلْتُهُ إِنْ هُوَ سَرَقَ بَعْدَ قَطْعِ الْيَدِ وَ الرِّجْلِ قَالَ أَسْتَوْدِعُهُ السِّجْنَ وَ أُغْنِي عَنِ النَّاسِ شَرَّهُ.
He said, ‘And I asked him-asws, ‘If he were to steal after cutting of the hand and the leg?’ He‑asws said: ‘I-asws shall leave him in the prison and protect the people from his evil’’.[177]
15- ع، علل الشرائع بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنِ النَّضْرِ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع هَلْ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ يَحْبِسُ أَحَداً مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحُدُودِ
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – by this chain, from Al-Husayn, from Al Nazr, from Al Qasim Bin Suleyman, from Abdullah Bin Zurara who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘Did Ali-asws used to imprison anyone from the people of the legal penalties?’
فَقَالَ لَا إِلَّا السَّارِقَ فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ يَحْبِسُهُ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ بَعْدَ مَا يَقْطَعُ يَدَهُ وَ رِجْلَهُ.
He-asws said: ‘No, except the thief, for he-asws used to imprison him during the third (offence) after having cut his hand and his leg’’.[178]
16- ع، علل الشرائع عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ السَّارِقِ وَ قَدْ قُطِعَ يَدُهُ فَقَالَ تُقْطَعُ رِجْلُهُ بَعْدَ يَدِهِ فَإِنْ عَادَ حُبِسَ فِي السِّجْنِ وَ أُنْفِقَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ بَيْتِ مَالِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Ibn Marouf, from Ali Bin Mahziyar, from Al-Husayn Bin Saeed, from Usman Bin Isa, from Sama’at who said,
‘I asked him-asws about the thief, and his hand has already been cut. He-asws said: ‘His leg would be cut after his hand. If he were to repeat, he would be imprison in the prison and spent upon from the public treasure of the Muslims’’.[179]
17- ع، علل الشرائع بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ أَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع قَالَ: تُقْطَعُ يَدُ السَّارِقِ وَ يُتْرَكُ إِبْهَامُهُ وَ صَدْرُ رَاحَتِهِ وَ تُقْطَعُ رِجْلُهُ وَ يُتْرَكُ لَهُ عَقِبُهُ يَمْشِي عَلَيْهَا.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – by this chain, from Al-Husayn, from Safwan, from Is’haq,
‘From Abu Ibrahim-asws having said: ‘A hand of the thief would be cut and his thumb and centre of his palm would be left, and his leg would be cut and his heel would be left for him to walk upon it’’.[180]
18- ع، علل الشرائع عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أُتِيَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع بِرِجَالٍ قَدْ سَرَقُوا فَقُطِعَ أَيْدِيهِمْ فَقَالَ إِنَّ الَّذِي بَانَ مِنْ أَجْسَادِكُمْ قَدْ يَصِلُ إِلَى النَّارِ فَإِنْ تَتُوبُوا تَجُرُّوهَا وَ إِلَّا تَتُوبُوا تَجُرَّكُمْ.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Ibn Marouf, from Ali Bin Mahziyar, from Al-Husayn Bin Saeed, from Usman Bin Isa, from Sama’at who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘They came to Amir Al-Momineen-asws with men who had stolen. He-asws cut their hands. He-asws said: ‘That which has been separated from their bodies have arrived to the Fire. If you were to repent, you will be saved (from) it, and if you don’t, you will be burned’’.[181]
19- ع، علل الشرائع عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع قَالَ: لَيْسَ عَلَى الطَّرَّارِ وَ الْمُخْتَلِسِ قَطْعٌ لِأَنَّهَا دَغَارَةٌ مُعْلَنَةٌ وَ لَكِنْ يُقْطَعُ مَنْ يَأْخُذُ وَ يُخْفِي.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from his father, from Muhammad Al Attar, from Al Ashary, from Aban Bin Muhammad, from his father, from Ibn Al Mugheira, from Al Sakuni,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from Ali-asws having said: ‘There isn’t cutting upon the pickpocket and the pilferer, because it is an open embezzlement, but he would be cut, one who takes and hides’’.[182]
20- ع، علل الشرائع عَنْ مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ عَنْ عَمِّهِ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فِي رَجُلٍ سَرَقَ فَلَمْ يُقْدَرْ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ سَرَقَ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى فَجَاءَتِ الْبَيِّنَةُ فَشَهِدُوا عَلَيْهِ بِالسَّرِقَةِ الْأُولَى وَ السَّرِقَةِ الْأَخِيرَةِ قَالَ تُقْطَعُ يَدُهُ بِالسَّرِقَةِ الْأُولَى وَ لَا تُقْطَعُ رِجْلُهُ بِالسَّرِقَةِ الْأَخِيرَةِ
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from Majaylawiya, from his uncle, from Al Barqy, from Ibn Mahboub, from Abdul Rahman Bin Al Hajjaj, from Bukeyr Bin Ayn,
‘Abu Ja’far-asws said regarding a man who (tries to) steal but is no able upon it, then he steal for a second time. The proof comes and they testify upon him with the first theft and the next theft. He-asws said: ‘His hand would be cut for the first theft and his leg would not be cut for the second theft’.
فَقِيلَ لَهُ كَيْفَ تُقْطَعُ يَدُهُ بِالسَّرِقَةِ الْأُولَى وَ لَا تُقْطَعُ رِجْلُهُ بِالسَّرِقَةِ الْأَخِيرَةِ
It was said to him-asws, ‘How his hand would be cut for the first theft and his leg would not be cut for the second theft?’
فَقَالَ لِأَنَّ الشُّهُودَ شَهِدُوا عَلَيْهِ بِالسَّرِقَةِ الْأُولَى وَ الْأَخِيرَةِ جَمِيعاً فِي مَقَامٍ وَاحِدٍ وَ لَوْ أَنَّ الشُّهُودَ شَهِدُوا عَلَيْهِ بِالسَّرِقَةِ الْأُولَى ثُمَّ أَمْسَكُوا حَتَّى تُقْطَعَ يَدُهُ ثُمَّ شَهِدُوا عَلَيْهِ بَعْدُ بِالسَّرِقَةِ الْأَخِيرَةِ قُطِعَتْ رِجْلُهُ الْيُسْرَى.
He-asws said: ‘Because the witnesses had testified upon him with the theft, the first and the second together in one place, and had the witnesses testified upon him with the first theft, then withheld until his hand was cut, then testified upon him afterwards with the second theft, his left leg would be cut’’.[183]
21- ثو، ثواب الأعمال عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَرْبَعٌ لَا تَدْخُلُ بَيْتاً وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ إِلَّا خَرِبَ وَ لَمْ يُعْمَرْ بِالْبَرَكَةِ الْخِيَانَةُ وَ السَّرِقَةُ وَ شُرْبُ الْخَمْرِ وَ الزِّنَا.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – from his father, from Ali, from his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Four (traits), not one of these will enter a house except it would be ruined and will not be built with the Blessings – the betrayal, and the theft, and drinking the wine, and the adultery’’.[184]
22- ثو، ثواب الأعمال عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ حَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: مُدْمِنُ الزِّنَا وَ السَّرَقِ وَ الشُّرْبِ كَعَابِدِ وَثَنٍ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – from his father, from Sa’ad, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Ibn Ameyra, from Ibn Hazim, from Abu Baseer,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The habitual of adultery, and the theft, and the drinking (wine) is like an idol worshipper’’.[185]
23- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام لَا يُقْطَعُ السَّارِقُ حَتَّى يُقِرَّ مَرَّتَيْنِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ شُهُودٌ وَ أُتِيَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع بِصَبِيٍّ قَدْ سَرَقَ فَأَمَرَ بِحَكِّ أَصَابِعِهِ عَلَى الْحَجَرِ حَتَّى خَرَجَ الدَّمُ
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – ‘The thief would not be cut until he acknowledges twice when there do not happen to be any witnesses, and Amir Al-Momineen-asws was brought a young boy who had stolen. He-asws order with scratching his fingers upon the rock until the blood emerged.
ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِهِ ثَانِيَةً وَ قَدْ سَرَقَ فَأَمَرَ بِأَصَابِعِهِ فَشُرِطَتْ ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِهِ ثَالِثَةً وَ قَدْ سَرَقَ فَقَطَعَ أَنَامِلَهُ
Then they came with him a second time and he had stolen. He-asws ordered with his fingers, so these were gashed. Then they came with him the third time, and he had stolen, so his fingertips were cut.
فَإِذَا سَرَقَ الْعَبْدُ فَعَلَى مَوْلَاهُ إِمَّا يُسَلِّمُهُ لِلْحَدِّ وَ إِمَّا يَغْرَمُ عَمَّا قَامَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدُّ فَإِنْ أَقَرَّ الْعَبْدُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ بِالسَّرَقِ لَمْ يُقْطَعْ وَ لَمْ يَغْرَمْ مَوْلَاهُ لِأَنَّهُ أَقَرَّ فِي مَالِ غَيْرِهِ.
When the slave steals, it is upon his master, either he yields him for the legal penalty or he pays the fined of what the legal penalty had stood upon. If the slave acknowledges upon himself with the theft, he will not be cut and his master will not be fined, because he has acknowledged regarding wealth of others’’.[186]
24- يج، الخرائج و الجرائح رُوِيَ أَنَّ أَسْوَدَ أُدْخِلَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ ع فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنِّي سَرَقْتُ فَطَهِّرْنِي
(The book) ‘Al Kharaij Wa Al Jaraih’ –
‘It is reported that Aswad entered to see Ali-asws. He said, ‘O Amir Al-Momineen-asws! I have stolen, so purify me!’
فَقَالَ لَعَلَّكَ سَرَقْتَ مِنْ غَيْرِ حِرْزٍ وَ نَحَّى رَأْسَهُ عَنْهُ
He-asws said: ‘Perhaps you stole from un-protected place, and turned his-asws head away from him.
فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ سَرَقْتُ مِنْ حِرْزٍ فَطَهِّرْنِي
He said, ‘O Amir Al-Momineen-asws! I have stolen from a protected place so purify me!’
فَقَالَ ع لَعَلَّكَ سَرَقْتَ غَيْرَ نِصَابٍ وَ نَحَّى رَأْسَهُ عَنْهُ
He-asws said: ‘Perhaps you stole less than a full measure’, and he-asws turned his-asws face away from him.
فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ سَرَقْتُ نِصَاباً
He said, ‘O Amir Al-Momineen-asws! I have stolen a full measure’.
فَلَمَّا أَقَرَّ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ قَطَعَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَذَهَبَ وَ جَعَلَ يَقُولُ فِي الطَّرِيقِ قَطَعَنِي أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ إِمَامُ الْمُتَّقِينَ وَ قَائِدُ الْغُرِّ الْمُحَجَّلِينَ وَ يَعْسُوبُ الدِّينِ وَ سَيِّدُ الْوَصِيِّينَ وَ جَعَلَ يَمْدَحُهُ
When he had acknowledged three time, Ami Al-Momineen-asws cut him. He went away and kept saying in the road, ‘He-asws cut me, Emir of the Momineen, and Imam-asws of the pious, and guide of the resplendent, and the leader (Yasoub) of religion, and chief of the successors‑asws’ – and he went on praising him-asws.
فَسَمِعَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ الْحَسَنُ وَ الْحُسَيْنُ وَ قَدِ اسْتَقْبَلَاهُ فَدَخَلَا عَلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ قَالا رَأَيْنَا أَسْوَدَ يَمْدَحُكَ فِي الطَّرِيقِ
Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws heard that from him and they both received him and they‑asws entered to see Amir Al-Momineen-asws and said: ‘We-asws saw Aswad praising you-asws in the road!’
فَبَعَثَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع مَنْ أَعَادَهُ إِلَى عِنْدِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ قَطَعْتُكَ وَ أَنْتَ تَمْدَحُنِي
Amir Al-Momineen-asws sent someone to return him in-asws presence. He-asws said to him: ‘I-asws cut you and you are praising me-asws!’
فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع إِنَّكَ طَهَّرْتَنِي وَ إِنَّ حُبَّكَ مِنْ قَلْبِي قَدْ خَالَطَ لَحْمِي وَ عَظْمِي فَلَوْ قَطَعْتَنِي إِرْباً إِرْباً لَمَّا ذَهَبَ حُبُّكَ مِنْ قَلْبِي
O Amir Al-Momineen-asws! You-azwj have purified me, and your-asws love from my heart has mingled with my flesh and my bones. Even if you were to cut me into pieces (and) pieces, your-asws love will not go from my heart!’
فَدَعَا لَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع وَ وَضَعَ الْمَقْطُوعَ إِلَى مَوْضِعِهِ فَصَحَّ وَ صَلُحَ كَمَا كَانَ.
Amir Al-Momineen-asws supplicated for him and placed the cut (part of the hand) to its place, and it became healthy and correct like what it had been’’.[187]
25- شا، الإرشاد رَوَى زَيْدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِمْعَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقْطَعُ يَدَ السَّارِقِ الْيُمْنَى فِي أَوَّلِ سَرِقَتِهِ فَإِنْ سَرَقَ ثَانِيَةً قَطَعَ رِجْلَهُ الْيُسْرَى فَإِنْ سَرَقَ ثَالِثَةً خَلَّدَهُ فِي السِّجْنِ.
(The book) ‘Al Irshad’ – It is reported by Zayd Bin Al Hassan Bin Isa, from Abu Bakr Bin Abu Oweys, from Abdullah Bin Sim’an, from Abdullah Bin Ali Bin Al-Husayn, from his father, from his grandfather,
‘From Amir Al-Momineen-asws, he would cut the right hand of the thief during the first theft. If he were to steal a second time, he-asws would cut his left leg. If he stole a third time, would whip him in the prison’’.[188]
26- شي، تفسير العياشي فِي رِوَايَةِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِذَا زَنَى الرَّجُلُ يُجْلَدُ وَ يَنْبَغِي لِلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَنْفِيَهُ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ الَّتِي جُلِدَ بِهَا إِلَى غَيْرِهَا سَنَةً وَ كَذَلِكَ يَنْبَغِي لِلرَّجُلِ إِذَا سَرَقَ وَ قُطِعَتْ يَدُهُ.
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – In a report by Sama’at,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When the man commits adultery, he will be whipped, and it is befitting for the Imam-asws that he-asws exiles him from the land which he has been whipped in to somewhere else for a year, and like that it is befitting for the man when he steals and his hand is cut’’.[189]
27- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ التَّيَمُّمِ فَتَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ وَ السَّارِقُ وَ السَّارِقَةُ فَاقْطَعُوا أَيْدِيَهُما وَ قَالَ فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَ أَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى الْمَرافِقِ قَالَ فَامْسَحْ عَلَى كَفَّيْكَ مِنْ حَيْثُ مَوْضِعِ الْقَطْعِ قَالَ وَ ما كانَ رَبُّكَ نَسِيًّا.
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Hammad Bin Isa, from one of his companions,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having been asked about the Tayammum, so he-asws recited this Verse: And the male thief and the female thief, cut their hands [5:38], and Said: so wash your faces and your hands to the elbows, [5:6]. He-asws said: ‘Wipe upon you pal from where is the place of the cut. He-azwj Said: and your Lord was not forgetful [19:64]’’.[190]
قَالَ وَ كَتَبَ إِلَيْنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ يَذْكُرُ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ عَنْ عَامَّةِ أَصْحَابِهِ يَرْفَعُهُ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا قَطَعَ السَّارِقَ تَرَكَ الْإِبْهَامَ وَ الرَّاحَةَ فَقِيلَ لَهُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع تَرَكْتَ عَامَّةَ يَدِهِ
He said, ‘And Abu Muhammad wrote to us mentioning from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Ibrahim Bin Abdul Hameed, from generality of his companions raising it to,
‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws, whenever he-asws cut the thief, left the thumb and the palm. It was said to him-asws, ‘O Amir Al-Momineen-asws! You-asws have left most of his-asws hand!’
قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ فَإِنْ تَابَ فَبِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ يَتَوَضَّأُ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ وَ السَّارِقُ وَ السَّارِقَةُ فَاقْطَعُوا أَيْدِيَهُما جَزاءً بِما كَسَبا نَكالًا مِنَ اللَّهِ … فَمَنْ تابَ مِنْ بَعْدِ ظُلْمِهِ وَ أَصْلَحَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ … غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ.
He (the narrator) said, ‘He-asws said to them: ‘If he were to repent, with which thing will he perform Wud’u, because Allah-azwj Says: And the male thief and the female thief, cut their hands as a recompense due to what they earned, being an exemplary Punishment from Allah [5:38]. But the one who repents from after his injustice and amends, then Allah would Turn to him (Mercifully); surely Allah is Forgiving, Merciful [5:39]’’.[191]
28- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ سَرَقَ فَقُطِعَتْ يَدُهُ الْيُمْنَى ثُمَّ سَرَقَ فَقُطِعَتْ رِجْلُهُ الْيُسْرَى ثُمَّ سَرَقَ الثَّالِثَةَ
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Zurara,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws about a man who stole, so he-asws cut his right hand. Then he stole, so he‑asws cut his left leg. Then he stole for the third time’.
قَالَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يُخَلِّدُهُ فِي السِّجْنِ وَ يَقُولُ إِنِّي لَأَسْتَحِي مِنْ رَبِّي أَنْ أَدَعَهُ بِلَا يَدٍ يَسْتَنْظِفُ بِهَا وَ لَا رِجْلٍ يَمْشِي بِهَا إِلَى حَاجَتِهِ
He-asws said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws would whip him in the prison and say, ‘I-asws am embarrassed from my-asws Lord-azwj that I-asws leave him without a hand he can clean himself with, nor a leg he can walk with to his need’.
قَالَ وَ كَانَ إِذَا قَطَعَ الْيَدَ قَطَعَهَا دُونَ الْمَفْصِلِ وَ إِذَا قَطَعَ الرِّجْلَ قَطَعَهَا دُونَ الْكَعْبَيْنِ
He-asws said: ‘And when he-asws cut the hand, he would cut it below the joints, and when he‑asws cut the leg, he-asws cut it below the heels’.
قَالَ وَ كَانَ لَا يُرَى أَنْ يَعْقِلَ )يغفل(عَنْ شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْحُدُودِ.
He-asws said: ‘And he-asws was not seen to be heedless about anything from the legal penalties’’.[192]
29- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِذَا أُخِذَ السَّارِقُ قُطِعَ مِنْ وَسَطِ الْكَفِّ فَإِنْ عَادَ قُطِعَتْ رِجْلُهُ مِنْ وَسَطِ الْقَدَمِ فَإِنْ عَادَ اسْتُودِعَ السِّجْنَ فَإِنْ سَرَقَ فِي السِّجْنِ قُتِلَ.
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Sama’at,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When the thief is seized, he would be cut from middle of the palm. If he repeats, his leg would be cut in the middle of the foot. If he repeats, he will be thrown in the prison. If he steals in the prison, he would be killed’’.[193]
30- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع أَنَّهُ أُتِيَ بِسَارِقٍ فَقَطَعَ يَدَهُ ثُمَّ أُوتِيَ بِهِ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى فَقَطَعَ رِجْلَهُ الْيُسْرَى ثُمَّ أُوتِيَ بِهِ ثَالِثَةً
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Al Sakuny,
‘From Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from Ali-asws having been brought a thief, so he-asws cut his hand. Then he-asws was brought another time, so he-asws cut his left leg. Then he was brought for a third time.
فَقَالَ إِنِّي لَأَسْتَحِي مِنْ رَبِّي أَنْ لَا أَدَعَ لَهُ يَداً يَأْكُلُ بِهَا وَ يَشْرَبُ بِهَا وَ يَسْتَنْجِي بِهَا وَ رِجْلًا يَمْشِي عَلَيْهَا
He-asws said: ‘I-asws am embarrassed from my Lord-azwj not to leave for him a hand he can eat with ,and drink with, and cleanse himself from the toilet with, and a leg to walk upon’.
فَجَلَدَهُ وَ اسْتَوْدَعَهُ السِّجْنَ وَ أَنْفَقَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ بَيْتِ الْمَالِ.
He-asws whipped him, and threw him in the prison, and spent upon him from the public treasury’’.[194]
31- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ جَمِيلٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا أَنَّهُ ع قَالَ: لَا يُقْطَعُ السَّارِقُ حَتَّى يُقِرَّ بِالسَّرِقَةِ مَرَّتَيْنِ فَإِنْ رَجَعَ ضَمِنَ السَّرِقَةَ وَ لَمْ يُقْطَعْ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ شُهُودٌ.
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Jameel, from one of our companions,
‘From one of the two (5th or 6th Imam-asws)’ having said: ‘The thief will not be cut until he acknowledges with the theft twice. If he returns he will be responsible for the stolen item and will not be cut when there do not happen to be witnesses for him’’.[195]
32- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ع قَالَ: لَا يُقْطَعُ إِلَّا مَنْ نَقَبَ بَيْتاً أَوْ كَسَرَ قُفْلًا.
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Al Sakuni,
‘He will not be cut except the one who breaks into a house or breaks a lock’’.[196]
33- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ زُرْقَانَ صَاحِبِ ابْنِ أَبِي دُوَادَ وَ صَدِيقِهِ بِشِدَّةٍ قَالَ: رَجَعَ ابْنُ أَبِي دُوَادَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ مِنْ عِنْدِ الْمُعْتَصِمِ وَ هُوَ مُغْتَمٌّ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ وَدِدْتُ الْيَوْمَ أَنِّي قَدْ مِتُّ مُنْذُ عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Ruzaq, companion of Ibn Abu Dawood and his friend with intensity, said,
‘One day Ibn Abu Dawood returned from the presence of (the caliph) Al-Mu’tasim, and he was gloomy. I said to him regarding that. He said, ‘Today I would loved to have died twenty years ago!’
قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ وَ لِمَ ذَاكَ
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘And why is that so?’
قَالَ لِمَا كَانَ مِنْ هَذَا الْأَسْوَدِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُوسَى الْيَوْمَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
He said, ‘Due to what happened from this black man Abu Ja’far Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws Bin Musa-asws today in front of commander of the faithful!’
قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ وَ كَيْفَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said to him, ‘And how did that happen?’
قَالَ إِنَّ سَارِقاً أَقَرَّ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ بِالسَّرِقَةِ وَ سَأَلَ الْخَلِيفَةَ تَطْهِيرَهُ بِإِقَامَةِ الْحَدِّ عَلَيْهِ فَجَمَعَ لِذَلِكَ الْفُقَهَاءَ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ وَ قَدْ أَحْضَرَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ فَسَأَلْنَا عَنِ الْقَطْعِ فِي أَيِّ مَوْضِعٍ يَجِبُ أَنْ يُقْطَعَ
He said, ‘A thief had acknowledged with the theft and asked the caliph to purify him by establishing the legal penalty upon him. He gathered the jurists for that in his gathering, and he presented Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws. We asked about cutting the hand, ‘In which place does it obligate to be cut?’
قَالَ فَقُلْتُ مِنَ الْكُرْسُوعِ قَالَ وَ مَا الْحُجَّةُ فِي ذَلِكَ
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘From the elbow!’ He said, ‘And what is the proof regarding that?’
قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَنَّ الْيَدَ هِيَ الْأَصَابِعُ وَ الْكَفُّ إِلَى الْكُرْسُوعِ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ فِي التَّيَمُّمِ فَامْسَحُوا بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَ اتَّفَقَ مَعِي عَلَى ذَلِكَ قَوْمٌ
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘Because the hand, it is the fingers and the palm up to the wrist, due to Words of Allah-azwj regarding the ‘Tayammum’: and wipe your faces and your hands [5:6]’ – an a group concurred with me upon that.
وَ قَالَ آخَرُونَ بَلْ يَجِبُ الْقَطْعُ مِنَ الْمِرْفَقِ قَالَ وَ مَا الدَّلِيلُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ قَالُوا لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ لَمَّا قَالَ وَ أَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى الْمَرافِقِ فِي الْغَسْلِ دَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّ حَدَّ الْيَدِ هُوَ الْمِرْفَقُ
And others said, ‘But, the cutting is obligated from the elbow’. He said, ‘And what is the evidence upon that?’ They said, ‘Because Allah-azwj when He-azwj Said: ‘and your hands to the elbows [5:6] regarding the washing. That evidence’s upon that the limit of the hand, it is the elbow’.
قَالَ فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ فَقَالَ مَا تَقُولُ فِي هَذَا يَا أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ
He (the narrator) said: ‘He turned to Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws. He said, ‘What are you-asws saying regarding this, O Abu Ja’far-asws?’
فَقَالَ قَدْ تَكَلَّمَ الْقَوْمُ فِيهِ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
He-asws said: ‘The people have spoken regarding it, O commander of the faithful!’
قَالَ دَعْنِي مِمَّا تَكَلَّمُوا بِهِ أَيُّ شَيْءٍ عِنْدَكَ
He said, ‘Leave me from what they have spoken with! Which this is there with you-asws?’
قَالَ أَعْفِنِي عَنْ هَذَا يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
He-asws said: ‘Excuse me-asws from this, O commander of the faithful!’
قَالَ أَقْسَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ بِاللَّهِ لَمَّا أَخْبَرْتَ بِمَا عِنْدَكَ فِيهِ
He said, ‘I swear to you-asws by Allah-azwj to inform with what is with you-asws regarding it!’
فَقَالَ ع أَمَّا إِذْ أَقْسَمْتَ عَلَيَّ بِاللَّهِ إِنِّي أَقُولُ إِنَّهُمْ أَخْطَئُوا فِيهِ السُّنَّةَ فَإِنَّ الْقَطْعَ يَجِبُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنْ مَفْصِلِ أُصُولِ الْأَصَابِعِ فَيُتْرَكُ الْكَفُّ
He-asws said: ‘As for when you are swearing upon me-asws with Allah-azwj, I-asws am saying they have all missed the Sunnah regarding it, for the cutting obligates that it should be from the root of the joint of the fingers, so the palm would be left’.
قَالَ وَ مَا الْحُجَّةُ فِي ذَلِكَ
He said, ‘And what is the proof regarding that?’
قَالَ قَوْلُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص السُّجُودُ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَعْضَاءٍ الْوَجْهِ وَ الْيَدَيْنِ وَ الرُّكْبَتَيْنِ وَ الرِّجْلَيْنِ فَإِذَا قُطِعَتْ يَدُهُ مِنَ الْكُرْسُوعِ أَوِ الْمِرْفَقِ لَمْ يَبْقَ لَهُ يَدٌ يَسْجُدُ عَلَيْهَا
He-asws said: ‘Words of Rasool-Allah-saww: ‘The Sajdah is performed upon seven body parts – the face, and the two hands, and the two knees, and the two legs’. When his hand is cut from the wrist, or the elbow, there will not remain one hand for him to be performing Sajdah upon.
وَ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى وَ أَنَّ الْمَساجِدَ لِلَّهِ يَعْنِي هَذِهِ الْأَعْضَاءَ السَّبْعَةَ الَّتِي يَسْجُدُ عَلَيْهَا فَلا تَدْعُوا مَعَ اللَّهِ أَحَداً وَ مَا كَانَ لِلَّهِ لَمْ يُقْطَعْ
And Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Said: And surely, the places of Sajdah are for Allah, [72:18] – meaning these seven body parts one performs Sajdah upon, therefore do not call upon anyone (else) with Allah [72:18]. Thus, whatever was for Allah-azwj should not be cut’.
قَالَ فَأَعْجَبَ الْمُعْتَصِمُ ذَلِكَ وَ أَمَرَ بِقَطْعِ يَدِ السَّارِقِ مِنْ مَفْصِلِ الْأَصَابِعِ دُونَ الْكَفِّ
He (the narrator) said, ‘Al-Mu’tasim was astonished at that and ordered with cutting the hand of the third from roots of the fingers, below the palm’.
قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي دُوَادَ قَامَتْ قِيَامَتِي وَ تَمَنَّيْتُ أَنِّي لَمْ أَكُ حَيّاً.
Ibn Abu Dawood said, ‘My Qiyamah was established and I wished I had not been alive!’’[197]
34- قب، المناقب لابن شهرآشوب أَبُو عَلِيِّ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ وَ غَيْرُهُ قَالُوا كَتَبَ جَمَاعَةُ الشِّيعَةِ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ع مَا يَقُولُ الْعَالِمُ فِي رَجُلٍ نَبَشَ قَبْرَ مَيِّتٍ وَ قَطَعَ رَأْسَ الْمَيِّتِ وَ أَخَذَ الْكَفَنَ
(The book) ‘Al Manaqib’ of Ibn Shehr Ashub – Abu Ali Bin Rashid and others said,
‘A group of the Shias wrote to Abu Al-Hassan Musa-asws, ‘What does the Scholar-asws say regarding a man who exhumes a grave of a dead and cuts off head of the deceased, and takes the shroud?’
الْجَوَابُ بِخَطِّهِ يُقْطَعُ السَّارِقُ لِأَخْذِ الْكَفَنِ مِنْ وَرَاءِ الْحِرْزِ وَ يُلْزَمُ مِائَةَ دِينَارٍ لِقَطْعِ رَأْسِ الْمَيِّتِ.
The answer in his-asws handwriting was: ‘The thief will be cut for having taken the shroud from behind the guard (safety), and he will be necessitated one hundred Dinars for cutting the head of the deceased’’.[198]
35- ين، كتاب حسين بن سعيد و النوادر عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْمَسْعُودِيِّ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يُقْطَعُ مِنَ السَّارِقِ أَرْبَعَةُ أَصَابِعَ وَ يُتْرَكُ الْإِبْهَامُ وَ يُقْطَعُ الرِّجْلُ مِنَ الْمَفْصِلِ وَ يُتْرَكُ الْعَقِبُ يَطَأُ عَلَيْهِ.
The book of Husayn Bin Saeed, and ‘Al Nawadir’ – from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Masoudy, from Muawiya Bin Ammar who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘The cutting from the thief is four fingers, and the thumb will be left, and the leg will be cut from the joints and the heel will be left for him to tread upon’’.[199]
36- ين، كتاب حسين بن سعيد و النوادر عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ يُقْطَعُ السَّارِقُ فِي كُلِّ شَيْءٍ يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنُهُ مِجَنّاً وَ هُوَ رُبُعُ دِينَارٍ إِنْ كَانَ سَرَقَ مِنْ بَيْتٍ أَوْ سُوقٍ أَوْ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ وَ الْأَشَلُّ الْيَمِينِ وَ الشِّمَالِ مَتَى سرقت [سَرَقَ] قُطِعَتْ لَهُ الْيُمْنَى عَلَى كُلِّ الْأَحْوَالِ.
The book of Husayn Bin Saeed, and ‘Al Nawadir’ – from Ahmad Bin Muhammd, from Abdullah Bin Sinan who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘The thief will be cut regarding all things reaching price of a scarf, and it is a quarter of a Dinar; and if the theft was from a house, or a market or other than that, and the right hand and the left hands are crippled when he had stolen, the right hand of his would be cut upon all situations’’.[200]
قَالَ: وَ يُقْطَعُ مِنَ السَّارِقِ الرِّجْلُ بَعْدَ الْيَدِ فَإِنْ عَادَ فَلَا قَطْعَ عَلَيْهِ وَ لَكِنَّهُ يُخَلَّدُ فِي السِّجْنِ وَ يُنْفَقُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ بَيْتِ الْمَالِ.
He-asws said: ‘And the leg would be cut from the thief after the hand. If he repeats, there will be no cutting upon him, but he will be in the prison for life, and the spending upon him would be from the public treasury’’.[201]
37- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام قَالَ أَبِي وَ الصَّبِيُّ مَتَى سَرَقَ عُفِيَ عَنْهُ مَرَّةً أَوْ مَرَّتَيْنِ فَإِنْ عَادَ قُطِعَ أَسْفَلُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ.
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – ‘My-asws father-asws said: ‘And the young boy when he steals will be pardoned from it once or twice. If he repeats, he will be cut less than that’’.[202]
38- نهج، نهج البلاغة فِي كَلَامٍ لَهُ ع وَ قَدْ عَلِمْتُمْ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص رَجَمَ الزَّانِيَ الْمُحْصَنَ ثُمَّ صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ وَرَّثَهُ أَهْلَهُ وَ قَتَلَ الْقَاتِلَ وَ وَرَّثَ مِيرَاثَهُ أَهْلَهُ وَ قَطَعَ السَّارِقَ وَ جَلَدَ الزَّانِيَ غَيْرَ الْمُحْصَنِ ثُمَّ قَسَمَ عَلَيْهِمَا مِنَ الْفَيْءِ وَ نَكَحَا الْمُسْلِمَاتِ
(The book) ‘Nahj Al Balagah’ –
‘In a speech of his-asws: And you have known that Rasool-Allah–saww stoned the adulterer (the married), then prayed Salat upon him, and made his family to inherit; and he–saww killed that killer and let his family inherit his inheritance; and cut (a finger) of the thief, and whipped the adulterer (unmarried), then distributed from the war booty upon them, and they married the Muslims women.
فَأَخَذَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص بِذُنُوبِهِمْ وَ أَقَامَ حَقَّ اللَّهِ فِيهِمْ وَ لَمْ يَمْنَعْهُمْ سَهْمَهُمْ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ لَمْ يُخْرِجْ أَسْمَاءَهُمْ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَهْلِهِ.
Rasool-Allah–saww seized them for their sins and established the Right of Allah–azwj among them but did not prevent them their shares from Al-Islam and did not expel their names from between its rightful ones’’.[203]
باب 92 حد المحارب و اللص و جواز دفعهما
CHAPTER 92 – LEGAL PENALTY OF THE WARRING ONE, AND THE BURGLAR, AND PERMISSIBILITY OF REPELLING THEM
الآيات
The Verses
المائدة أَنَّهُ مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْساً بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ أَوْ فَسادٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ الآية
(Surah) Al Maidah: the one who kills a soul for other than a soul (in retaliation), or (for) mischief in the earth, [5:32] – the Verse.
و قال تعالى إِنَّما جَزاءُ الَّذِينَ يُحارِبُونَ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ وَ يَسْعَوْنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَساداً أَنْ يُقَتَّلُوا أَوْ يُصَلَّبُوا أَوْ تُقَطَّعَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَ أَرْجُلُهُمْ مِنْ خِلافٍ أَوْ يُنْفَوْا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ ذلِكَ لَهُمْ خِزْيٌ فِي الدُّنْيا وَ لَهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ عَذابٌ عَظِيمٌ.
And the Exalted Said: But rather, the Recompense of those who warring against Allah and His Rasool and are striving in the earth for mischief is that they should either be killed, or be crucified, or their hands and their legs be cut off from opposite sides, or be banished from the land. That is for them a recompense in the world, and for them in the Hereafter would be a mighty Punishment [5:33].
1- فس، تفسير القمي إِنَّما جَزاءُ الَّذِينَ يُحارِبُونَ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ وَ يَسْعَوْنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَساداً.
Tafseer Al-Qummi – But rather, the Recompense of those who warring against Allah and His Rasool and are striving in the earth for [5:33].
فَإِنَّهُ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَسَّانَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: مَنْ حَارَبَ اللَّهَ وَ أَخَذَ الْمَالَ وَ قَتَلَ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ أَوْ يُصْلَبَ وَ مَنْ حَارَبَ فَقَتَلَ وَ لَمْ يَأْخُذِ الْمَالَ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ وَ لَا يُصْلَبُ
It is narrated to me by my father, from Ali Bin Hassan,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘One who wars against Allah-azwj and takes the wealth, and kill, upon him would be that he be killed, or crucified; and the one who wars, so he kills and does not take the wealth, upon him would be that he be killed and not crucified.
وَ مَنْ حَارَبَ فَأَخَذَ الْمَالَ وَ لَمْ يَقْتُلْ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُقْطَعَ يَدُهُ وَ رِجْلُهُ مِنْ خِلَافٍ وَ مَنْ حَارَبَ وَ لَمْ يَأْخُذِ الْمَالَ وَ لَمْ يَقْتُلْ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُنْفَى
And one who wars, so he takes the wealth and does not kill, upon him would be that his hand and his leg be cut, from opposite sides; and one who wars and does not take the wealth and does not kill, upon him would be that he is banished.
ثُمَّ اسْتَثْنَى عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَقَالَ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تابُوا مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَقْدِرُوا عَلَيْهِمْ يَعْنِي يَتُوبُ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ الْإِمَامُ.
Then the Mighty and Majestic Made an exclusion. He-azwj Said: ‘Except for those who are repenting from before you were powerful upon them; [5:34] – meaning he repents from before the Imam-asws seizes him’’.[204]
2- ب، قرب الإسناد عَنِ الْيَقْطِينِيِّ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الصَّادِقِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع التَّقَنُّعُ فِي اللَّيْلِ رِيبَةٌ.
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Asnaad’ – from Al Yaqteeny, from Hammad Bin Isa,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws father-asws having said: ‘Ali-asws said: ‘The disguising during the night is suspicion’’.[205]
3- ب، قرب الإسناد عَنِ ابْنِ ظَرِيفٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُلْوَانَ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع مَنْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ لِصٌّ فَلْيَبْدُرْهُ بِالضَّرْبَةِ فَمَا تَبِعَهُ مِنْ إِثْمٍ فَأَنَا شَرِيكُهُ فِيهِ.
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Asnaad’ – from Ibn Zareyf, from Ibn Ulwan,
‘From Ja’far-asws, from his-asws father-asws having said: ‘Ali-asws said: ‘One whom a burglar enters upon, so let him rush to him with the beating. Whatever blame follows him, I-asws am responsible for it’’.[206]
4- ب، قرب الإسناد عَنِ الْبَزَّازِ عَنْ أَبِي الْبَخْتَرِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ع قَالَ: إِذَا دَخَلَ عَلَيْكَ رَجُلٌ يُرِيدُ أَهْلَكَ وَ مَا تَمْلِكُ فَابْدُرْهُ بِالضَّرْبَةِ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ فَإِنَّ اللِّصَّ مُحَارِبٌ لِلَّهِ وَ لِرَسُولِهِ فَاقْتُلْهُ فَمَا تَبِعَكَ فِيهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَهُوَ عَلَيَ.
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Asnaad’ – from Al Bazzaz, from Abu Al Bakhtari,
‘From Ja’far-asws, from his-asws father-asws: ‘When a man enters intending to kill you and what you own, so rush to him with the beating if you are capable, for the burglar is at war with Allah‑azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww, so you kill him. Whatever thing follows you regarding it, it is upon me-asws’’.[207]
5- ب، قرب الإسناد عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَخِيهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ شَهَرَ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ بِالرُّمْحِ وَ السِّكِّينِ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ يَلْعَبُ فَلَا بَأْسَ.
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Asnaad’ –
‘From Ali, from his brother-asws (7th Imam-asws), he said, ‘I asked him-asws about a man who bares the spear and the knife to his companion. He-asws said: ‘If he was playing around, there is no problem’’.[208]
6- ل، الخصال فِي خَبَرِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع قَالَ: مَنْ قُتِلَ دُونَ مَالِهِ فَهُوَ شَهِيدٌ وَ لَا يَحِلُّ قَتْلُ أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ وَ النُّصَّابِ فِي دَارِ التَّقِيَّةِ إِلَّا قَاتِلٍ أَوْ سَاعٍ فِي فَسَادٍ وَ ذَلِكَ إِذَا لَمْ تَخَفْ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ وَ لَا عَلَى أَصْحَابِكَ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – in a report by Al Amsh,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws having said: ‘One who is killed for (defending) his wealth, he is a martyr; and it is not Permission to kill anyone from the Kafirs and the Nasibis in the house of Taqiyyah (dissimulation) except a killer, or one striving in corruption, and that is when you neither fear upon yourself nor upon your companions’’.[209]
7- ل، الخصال الْأَرْبَعُمِائَةِ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع الْمَقْتُولُ دُونَ مَالِهِ شَهِيدٌ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ –
‘(The Hadeeth) ‘Al-Arbamiya’ – Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘The one killed for (defending) his wealth is a martyr’’.[210]
8- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام بِالْأَسَانِيدِ الثَّلَاثَةِ عَنِ الرِّضَا عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يُبْغِضُ الرَّجُلَ الَّذِي يُدْخَلُ عَلَيْهِ فِي بَيْتِهِ فَلَا يُقَاتِلُ.
(The book) ‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – by the three chains, from Al-Reza-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Hates the man whom (an attacker) enters to him in his house and he does not fight back’’.[211]
9- سن، المحاسن عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع اللِّصَّ الْمُحَارِبَ فَاقْتُلْهُ فَمَا أَصَابَكَ فَدَمُهُ فِي عُنُقِي.
(The book) ‘Al Mahasin’ – from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Aban Bin Usman, from a man, from Al Halby,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘The warring burglar, you kill him, so whatever hits you of his blood, it is in my-asws neck’’.[212]
10- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام مَنْ تَخَطَّى حَرِيمَ قَوْمٍ حَلَّ قَتْلُهُ وَ مَنِ اطَّلَعَ فِي دَارِ قَوْمٍ رُجِمَ فَإِنْ تَنَحَّى فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ فَإِنْ وَقَفَ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُرْجَمَ فَإِنْ أَعْمَاهُ أَوْ شَجَّهُ فَلَا دِيَةَ لَهُ.
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – ‘Whoever violates sanctity of a people, it is Permissible to kill him; and one peeps into a house of a people will be stoned. If he moves away, there is nothing upon him. If he stands there, upon him is to be stoned. If he is blinded or crippled, there is no wergild for him’’.[213]
11- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: مَنْ شَهَرَ السِّلَاحَ فِي مِصْرٍ مِنَ الْأَمْصَارِ فَعَقَرَ اقْتُصَّ مِنْهُ وَ نُفِيَ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْبَلْدَةِ وَ مَنْ شَهَرَ السِّلَاحَ فِي غَيْرِ الْأَمْصَارِ فَضَرَبَ وَ عَقَرَ وَ أَخَذَ الْمَالَ وَ لَمْ يَقْتُلْ فَهُوَ مُحَارِبٌ جَزَاؤُهُ جَزَاءُ الْمُحَارِبِ وَ أَمْرُهُ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ إِنْ شَاءَ قَتَلَهُ وَ صَلَبَهُ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ قَطَعَ يَدَهُ وَ رِجْلَهُ
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘One who raises the weapon in a city from the cities, so he slays, there will be retaliation from him and he will be banished from that city; and one who raises the weapon in other than the cities, so he strikes and slays, and takes the wealth and does not kill, he is a warrior. His recompense is recompense of the warrior and his matter will be up to the Imam-asws, if he-asws desires, he-asws kills him, and crucifies him, and if he-asws so desires, he-asws cuts his hand and his leg’.
قَالَ وَ إِنْ حَارَبَ وَ قَتَلَ وَ أَخَذَ الْمَالَ فَعَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَقْطَعَ يَدَهُ الْيَمِينَ بِالسَّرِقَةِ ثُمَّ يَدْفَعَهُ إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ الْمَقْتُولِ فَيَتْبَعُونَهُ بِالْمَالِ ثُمَّ يَقْتُلُونَهُ
He-asws said: ‘And if he battles and its killed, and seizes the wealth, it is upon the Imam-asws to cut his hand for the theft, then hand him over to guardians of the killed one. They can pursue him for the wealth, then kill him’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ عَفَا عَنْهُ أَوْلِيَاءُ الْمَقْتُولِ
Abu Ubeyda said to him-asws, ‘May Allah-azwj Keep you well! What is your-asws view if guardians of the killed one were to pardon him?’
فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ إِنْ عَفَوْا عَنْهُ فَعَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ حَارَبَ وَ قَتَلَ وَ سَرَقَ
Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘If they were to pardon him from it, it is upon the Imam-asws to kill him, because he had battles and killed and stolen’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ فَإِنْ أَرَادَ أَوْلِيَاءُ الْمَقْتُولِ أَنْ يَأْخُذُوا مِنْهُ الدِّيَةَ وَ يَدَعُونَهُ أَ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ
Abu Ubeyda said, ‘Supposing guardians of the killed one intend take the wergild from him and leave him, is that for them (to do)?’
قَالَ لَا عَلَيْهِ الْقَتْلُ.
He-asws said: ‘No! Upon him is being killed’’.[214]
12- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: قَدِمَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص قَوْمٌ مِنْ بَنِي ضَبَّةَ مَرْضَى فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَقِيمُوا عِنْدِي فَإِذَا بَرَأْتُمْ بَعَثْتُكُمْ فِي سَرِيَّةٍ
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Abu Salih,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘A group from the clan of Zabbah arrived to Rasool-Allah‑saww who were sick. Rasool-Allah-saww said to them: ‘Stay in my-saww presence. When you are cured, I-saww shall dispatch you in a battalion’.
فَقَالُوا أَخْرِجْنَا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَبَعَثَ بِهِمْ إِلَى إِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ يَشْرَبُونَ مِنْ أَبْوَالِهَا وَ يَأْكُلُونَ مِنْ أَلْبَانِهَا فَلَمَّا بَرَءُوا وَ اشْتَدُّوا قَتَلُوا ثَلَاثَةَ نَفَرٍ كَانُوا فِي الْإِبِلِ وَ سَاقُوا الْإِبِلَ
They said, ‘Expel us from the city!’ He-as dispatched with them to camels of charity. They were drinking from their urine and eating from their milk. When they recovered, they killed three persons who were (guards) regarding the camels, and they ushered the camels.
فَبَلَغَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ عَلِيّاً ع وَ هُمْ فِي وَادٍ قَدْ تَحَيَّرُوا لَيْسَ يَقْدِرُونَ أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا عَنْهُ قَرِيبٍ مِنْ أَرْضِ الْيَمَنِ فَأَخَذَهُمْ فَجَاءَ بِهِمْ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص
It (news) reached Rasool-Allah-saww, so he-saww sent Ali-asws to them, and they were in a valley, confused, not able upon exiting from it, nearby from the land of Al-Yemen. He-asws seized them and came with them to Rasool-Allah-saww.
وَ نَزَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّما جَزاءُ الَّذِينَ يُحارِبُونَ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ أَوْ يُنْفَوْا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ فَاخْتَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص قَطْعَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَ أَرْجُلِهِمْ مِنْ خِلَافٍ.
And it was Revealed unto him-saww: But rather, the Recompense of those who warring against Allah and His Rasool – up to His-azwj Words: or be banished from the land. [5:33]. Rasool-Allah‑saww chose to cut their hands and their legs from opposite sides’’.[215]
13- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْخَاقَانِيِّ مِنْ آلِ رَزِينٍ قَالَ: قُطِعَ الطَّرِيقُ بِجَلُولَاءَ عَلَى السَّابِلَةِ مِنَ الْحُجَّاجِ وَ غَيْرِهِمْ وَ أَفْلَتَ الْقُطَّاعُ فَبَلَغَ الْخَبَرُ الْمُعْتَصِمَ فَكَتَبَ إِلَى عَامِلٍ لَهُ كَانَ بِهَا تَأْمَنُ الطَّرِيقَ كَذَلِكَ يُقْطَعُ عَلَى طَرَفِ أُذُنِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ثُمَّ يَنْفَلِتُ الْقُطَّاعُ فَإِنْ أَنْتَ طَلَبْتَ هَؤُلَاءِ وَ ظَفِرْتَ بِهِمْ وَ إِلَّا أَمَرْتُ بِأَنْ تُضْرَبَ أَلْفَ سَوْطٍ ثُمَّ تُصْلَبَ بِحَيْثُ قُطِعَ الطَّرِيقُ
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Ahmad Bin Al Fazl Al Khaqany, from the family of Razeyn who said,
‘The road was cut off (by bandits) at Jaloula (a town in Iraq near River Dajla) upon the pedestrians from the Pilgrims and others, and the bandits escaped. The news reach Al-Mutasim (the Caliph), so he wrote to an office bearer of his who was at it, ‘You were ordered to keep the road secure from that. They cut-off upon a party of the commander of the faithful, then the bandits escaped? So, either you seek them and be victorious with them or else I would order with you being struck a thousand lashes, then you would be crucified whereby they cut the road’.
قَالَ فَطَلَبَهُمُ الْعَامِلُ حَتَّى ظَفِرَ بِهِمْ وَ اسْتَوْثَقَ مِنْهُمْ ثُمَّ كَتَبَ بِذَلِكَ إِلَى الْمُعْتَصِمِ فَجَمَعَ الْفُقَهَاءَ قَالَ وَ قَالَ بِرَأْيِ ابْنِ أَبِي دُوَادَ ثُمَّ سَأَلَ الْآخَرِينَ عَنِ الْحُكْمِ فِيهِمْ وَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الرِّضَا ع حَاضِرٌ
He (the narrator) said, ‘So the office bearer sought them until he was victorious with them, and was confident from them. Then he wrote about that to Al-Motasim. So, he gathered the jurists and he asked the opinion of Ibn Abu Duwad (chief judge), then asked the others from the judges among them, and Abu Ja’far Muhammad-asws Bin Ali Al-Reza-asws was present.
فَقَالُوا قَدْ سَبَقَ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ فِيهِمْ فِي قَوْلِهِ إِنَّما جَزاءُ الَّذِينَ يُحارِبُونَ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ وَ يَسْعَوْنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَساداً أَنْ يُقَتَّلُوا أَوْ يُصَلَّبُوا أَوْ تُقَطَّعَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَ أَرْجُلُهُمْ مِنْ خِلافٍ أَوْ يُنْفَوْا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ وَ لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْ يَحْكُمَ بِأَيِّ ذَلِكَ شَاءَ فِيهِمْ
They said, ‘There has preceded the Judgment of Allah-azwj regarding them in His-azwj Words: But rather, the Recompense of those who warring against Allah and His Rasool and are striving in the earth for mischief is that they should either be killed, or be crucified, or their hands and their legs be cut off from opposite sides, or be banished from the land [5:33], and it is for the commander of the faithful that he judges by which of that he desires regarding them’.
قَالَ فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فَقَالَ مَا تَقُولُ فِيمَا أَجَابُوا فِيهِ
He (the narrator) said, ‘He turned towards Abu Ja’far-asws. He said to, ‘What are you-asws saying regarding what they answered with regards to it?’
فَقَالَ قَدْ تَكَلَّمَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْفُقَهَاءُ وَ الْقَاضِي بِمَا سَمِعَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِين
He-asws said: ‘These jurists and the judges have spoken with what the commander of the faithful heard’.
َ قَالَ أَخْبِرْنِي بِمَا عِنْدَكَ
He said, ‘Inform me with what is with you-asws’.
قَالَ إِنَّهُمْ قَدْ أَضَلُّوا فِيمَا أَفْتَوْا بِهِ وَ الَّذِي يَجِبُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ قَطَعُوا الطَّرِيقَ فَإِنْ كَانُوا أَخَافُوا السَّبِيلَ فَقَطْ وَ لَمْ يَقْتُلُوا أَحَداً وَ لَمْ يَأْخُذُوا مَالًا أَمَرَ بِإِيدَاعِهِمُ الْحَبْسَ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ مَعْنَى نَفْيِهِمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ بِإِخَافَتِهِمُ السَّبِيلَ
He-asws said: ‘They have erred in what they have issued Fatwas with, and that which is obligated regarding that is that the commander of the faithful should consider those who had cut off the road (the bandits). If they had scared (people) in the way only and did not kill anyone and did not seize wealth, order with sending them to the prison, for it that is the meaning of their banishment from the land, due to their spreading fear in the way.
وَ إِنْ كَانُوا أَخَافُوا السَّبِيلَ وَ قَتَلُوا النَّفْسَ أَمَرَ بِقَتْلِهِمْ وَ إِنْ كَانُوا أَخَافُوا السَّبِيلَ وَ قَتَلُوا النَّفْسَ وَ أَخَذُوا الْمَالَ أَمَرَ بِقَطْعِ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَ أَرْجُلِهِمْ مِنْ خِلَافٍ وَ صَلْبِهِمْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ
And if they had spread fear in the way and killed the person, order with killing them. And if they had spread fear in the way, and killed the person, and seized the goods, order with cutting of their hands and their legs from opposite sides, and crucify them after that’.
قَالَ فَكَتَبَ إِلَى الْعَامِلِ بِأَنْ يُمَثَّلَ ذَلِكَ بِهِمْ.
He (the narrator) said, ‘He (the Caliph Motasim) wrote to the office bearer that he does similar to that regarding them’’.[216]
14- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنِ ابْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ الْعِجْلِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى إِنَّما جَزاءُ الَّذِينَ يُحارِبُونَ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ فَساداً قَالَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ يَعْمَلُ فِيهِ بِمَا شَاءَ
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Ibn Muawiya Al Ijaly who said,
‘A man asked Abu Abdullah-asws about Words of Allah-azwj the Exalted: But rather, the Recompense of those who warring against Allah and His Rasool and are striving in the earth for mischief [5:33]. He-asws said: ‘That is up to the Imam-asws to do regarding it whatever he‑asws so desires’.
قُلْتُ ذَلِكَ مُفَوَّضٌ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ
I said, ‘That is delegated to the Imam-asws?’
قَالَ لَا بِحَقِّ الْجِنَايَةِ.
He-asws: ‘No. By the right of the crime’’.[217]
15- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ إِنَّما جَزاءُ الَّذِينَ يُحارِبُونَ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ قَالَ الْإِمَامُ فِي الْحُكْمِ فِيهِمْ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ قَتَلَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ صَلَبَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ قَطَعَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ نَفَى مِنَ الْأَرْضِ.
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Sama’at Bin Mihran,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws regarding Words of Allah-azwj: But rather, the Recompense of those who warring against Allah and His Rasool [5:33]. He-asws said: ‘The Imam-asws is with the choice regarding the ruling regarding them. If he-asws so desires, he-asws kills, and if he-asws so desires, he-asws crucifies, and if he-asws so desires, he-asws cuts, and if he-asws so desires, he-asws banishes from the land’’.[218]
16- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ع فِي قَوْلِهِ إِنَّما جَزاءُ الَّذِينَ يُحارِبُونَ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ أَوْ يُصَلَّبُوا الْآيَةَ قَالَ لَا يُبَايَعُ وَ لَا يُؤْتَى بِطَعَامٍ وَ لَا يُتَصَدَّقُ عَلَيْهِ.
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Zurara,
‘From one of the two (5th or 6th Imam-asws regarding His-azwj Words: But rather, the Recompense of those who warring against Allah and His Rasool – up to His-azwj Words: or be crucified, [5:33] – the Verse. He-asws said: ‘Neither (anything) be sold (to him), nor brought any food, nor given charity to him’’.[219]
17- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ إِنَّما جَزاءُ الَّذِينَ يُحارِبُونَ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ الْآيَةَ إِلَى آخِرِهَا أَيُّ شَيْءٍ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ هَذَا الْحَدِّ الَّذِي سَمَّى
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Jameel Bin Darraj who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Words: But rather, the Recompense of those who warring against Allah and His Rasool [5:33] – the Verse up to its end: ‘Which thing is upon them from these legal penalties which are Named?’
قَالَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ إِنْ شَاءَ قَطَعَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ صَلَبَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ قَتَلَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ نَفَى:
He-asws said: ‘That is up to the Imam-asws. If he-asws so desires he-asws cuts, and if he-asws so desires he-asws crucifies, and if he-asws so desires he-asws kills, and if he-asws so desires he-asws banishes’.
قُلْتُ النَّفْيُ إِلَى أَيْنَ
I said, ‘The banishment is to where?’
قَالَ مِنْ مِصْرٍ إِلَى مِصْرٍ آخَرَ
He-asws said: ‘From a city to another city’.
وَ قَالَ إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع قَدْ نَفَى رَجُلَيْنِ مِنَ [الْكُوفَةِ] إِلَى الْبَصْرَةِ.
And he-asws said: ‘Ali-asws had banished two men from Al-Kufa to Al-Basra’’.[220]
18- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ سَوْرَةَ بْنِ كُلَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: قُلْتُ الرَّجُلُ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ مَنْزِلِهِ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ يُرِيدُ الصَّلَاةَ لَيْلًا فَيَسْتَقْبِلُهُ رَجُلٌ فَيَضْرِبُهُ بِعَصًا وَ يَأْخُذُ ثَوْبَهُ
Tafseer Al-Ayyashi – from Sawrah Bin Kuleyb,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘The man goes out at night from his house to the Masjid intending the Salat. A man faces him and beats him with a stick and takes his cloth’.
قَالَ فَمَا يَقُولُ فِيهِ مَنْ قِبَلَكُمْ
He-asws said: ‘So what are they saying regarding him, from the ones around you?’
قَالَ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ هَذَا لَيْسَ بِمُحَارِبٍ وَ إِنَّمَا الْمُحَارِبُ فِي الْقُرَى الْمُشْرِكِيَّةِ وَ إِنَّمَا هِيَ دَغَارَةٌ
He said, ‘They are saying that this one isn’t warring, and rather the ones warring in the towns are the Polytheist, and rather it is deceptive embezzlement’.
قَالَ فَأَيُّهُمَا أَعْظَمُ حُرْمَةً دَارُ الْإِسْلَامِ أَوْ دَارُ الشِّرْكِ
He-asws said: ‘So which of the two are of mightier sanctity, house of Al-Islam or house of Shirk (Polytheism)?’
قَالَ قُلْتُ بَلْ دَارُ الْإِسْلَامِ
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘But, house of AlIslam is’.
فَقَالَ هَؤُلَاءِ مِنَ الَّذِينَ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِنَّما جَزاءُ الَّذِينَ يُحارِبُونَ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ.
He-asws said: ‘They are from the ones Allah-azwj the Exalted Said: But rather, the Recompense of those who warring against Allah and His Rasool [5:33] – up to end of the Verse’’.[221]
19- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمَدَائِنِيِّ قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع إِذْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ إِنَّما جَزاءُ الَّذِينَ يُحارِبُونَ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ إِلَى أَوْ يُنْفَوْا
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Abu Is’haq Al Madainy who said,
‘I was in the presence of Abu Al-Hassan-asws when a man entered to see him-asws. He said to him-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! Allah-azwj Says: But rather, the Recompense of those who warring against Allah and His Rasool – up to – or be banished [5:33]’.
فَقَالَ هَكَذَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj the Exalted has Said it like that’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فَأَيُّ شَيْءٍ الَّذِي إِذَا فَعَلَهُ اسْتَحَقَّ وَاحِدَةً مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَرْبَعِ
He said to him-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! Which is the thing which when he does it, he would deserve one of these four (punishments)?’
قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع أَرْبَعٌ فَخُذْ أَرْبَعاً بِأَرْبَعٍ إِذَا حَارَبَ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ وَ سَعَى فِي الْأَرْضِ فَسَاداً فَقَتَلَ قُتِلَ وَ إِنْ قَتَلَ وَ أَخَذَ الْمَالَ قُتِلَ وَ صُلِبَ وَ إِنْ أَخَذَ الْمَالَ وَ لَمْ يَقْتُلْ قُطِعَتْ يَدُهُ وَ رِجْلُهُ مِنْ خِلَافٍ وَ إِنْ حَارَبَ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ وَ سَعَى فِي الْأَرْضِ فَسَاداً وَ لَمْ يَقْتُلْ وَ لَمْ يَأْخُذِ الْمَالَ نُفِيَ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ
He (the narrator) said, ‘Abu Al-Hassan-asws said to him: ‘Four. Four for four. When he wars against Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww and strives in the land making mischief, so he kills, he would be killed; and if he were to kill and take the wealth, he would be killed and crucified, and if he were to take the wealth and does not kill, his hand and his leg would be cut from opposite sides, and if he wars Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww, and strives in the land making mischief, and does not kill, and does not take the wealth, he would be banished from the land’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ وَ مَا حَدُّ نَفْيِهِ
The man said to him-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws, and what is a limit of his banishment?’
قَالَ يُنْفَى مِنَ الْمِصْرِ الَّذِي فَعَلَ فِيهِ مَا فَعَلَ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ ثُمَّ يُكْتَبُ إِلَى أَهْلِ ذَلِكَ الْمِصْرِ أَنْ يُنَادَى عَلَيْهِ بِأَنَّهُ مَنْفِيٌّ فَلَا تُؤَاكِلُوهُ وَ لَا تُشَارِبُوهُ وَ لَا تُنَاكِحُوهُ فَإِذَا خَرَجَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمِصْرِ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ كُتِبَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ فَيُفْعَلُ بِهِ ذَلِكَ سَنَةً فَإِنَّهُ سَيَتُوبُ مِنَ السَّنَةِ وَ هُوَ صَاغِرٌ
He-asws said: ‘He will be banished from the city in which he had done what he had done, to another. Then it will be written to people of that city that there should be a call upon him that he is in exile, so they should neither eat with him, nor drink with him, nor marry to him. When he goes out from that city to another, it would be written to them similar to that. That would be done with him for a year, for he will repent from the year and he is belittled’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فَإِنْ أَتَى أَرْضَ الشِّرْكِ فَدَخَلَهَا
The mar said to him-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! Supposing he goes to the land of Shirk (Polytheism) and enters it?’
قَالَ يُضْرَبُ عُنُقُهُ إِنْ أَرَادَ الدُّخُولَ فِي أَرْضِ الشِّرْكِ.
He-asws said: ‘His neck would be struck off if he wants to enter in a land of Shirk’’.[222]
20- شي، تفسير العياشي فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمَدَائِنِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع قُلْتُ فَإِنْ تَوَجَّهَ إِلَى أَرْضِ الشِّرْكِ لِيَدْخُلَهَا
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – In a report by Abu Is’haq Al Madainy –
‘From Abu Al-Hassan Al-Reza-asws, ‘I said, ‘Supposing he head to the land of Shirk in order to enter it?’
قَالَ قُوتِلَ أَهْلُهَا.
He-asws said: ‘Its people would be fought’’.[223]
21- ختص، الإختصاص عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: مَنْ فَتَكَ بِمُؤْمِنٍ يُرِيدُ مَالَهُ وَ نَفْسَهُ فَدَمُهُ مُبَاحٌ لِلْمُؤْمِنِ فِي تِلْكَ الْحَالِ.
(The book) ‘Al Ikhtisaas’ – from Abu Ayoub, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘One who attacks a Momin intending his wealth and his self, his blood is legalised for the Momin in that situation’’.[224]
22- نَوَادِرُ الرَّاوَنْدِيِّ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ أَشَارَ عَلَى أَخِيهِ الْمُسْلِمِ بِسِلَاحِهِ لَعَنَتْهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ حَتَّى يُنَحِّيَهُ.
(The book) ‘Nawadir’ of Al Rawandy’ – by his chain,
‘From Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘One who indicates to his Muslim brother with his weapon, Allah-azwj Angels curse him until he keeps it aside’’.[225]
وَ قَالَ قَالَ ع أَيْضاً مَنْ شَهَرَ فَدَمُهُ هَدَرٌ.
And he (the narrator) said, ‘He-asws said as well: ‘One who waves (his weapon), his blood is wasted’’.[226]
باب 93 من اجتمعت عليه الحدود بأيها يبدأ
CHAPTER 93 – ONE UPON WHOM THE LEGAL PENALTIES ARE GATHERED, BY WHICH SHOULD IT BE BEGUN WITH
1- ب، قرب الإسناد عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَخِيهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أُخِذَ وَ عَلَيْهِ ثَلَاثَةُ حُدُودٍ الْخَمْرُ وَ الزِّنَا وَ السَّرِقَةُ بِأَيِّهَا يُبْدَأُ مِنَ الْحُدُودِ
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Asnaad’ –
‘From Ali, from his brother-asws (7th Imam-asws), he said, ‘I asked him-asws about a man who is seized, and upon him are three legal penalties – of the wine, and the adultery, and the theft. Which of these legal penalties should he be begun with?’
قَالَ بِحَدِّ الْخَمْرِ ثُمَّ السَّرِقَةِ ثُمَّ الزِّنَا.
He-asws said: ‘With the legal penalty of (drinking) wine, then the theft, then the adultery’’.[227]
[1] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 1
[2] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 2
[3] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 3
[4] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 4
[5] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 5 a
[6] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 5 b
[7] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 5 c
[8] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 6
[9] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 7
[10] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 8
[11] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 9
[12] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 10
[13] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 11 a
[14] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 11 b
[15] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 11 c
[16] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 11 d
[17] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 11 e
[18] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 11 f
[19] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 12
[20] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 13
[21] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 14
[22] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 15
[23] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 16
[24] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 17
[25] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 18
[26] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 19
[27] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 20
[28] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 21
[29] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 22
[30] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 23
[31] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 24
[32] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 25
[33] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 26
[34] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 27
[35] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 28
[36] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 29
[37] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 30
[38] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 31
[39] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 32
[40] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 33
[41] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 34 a
[42] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 34 b
[43] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 35
[44] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 36
[45] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 37
[46] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 38
[47] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 39
[48] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 40
[49] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 41
[50] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 42
[51] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 43
[52] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 44
[53] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 45
[54] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 46
[55] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 47
[56] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 48
[57] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 49
[58] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 50
[59] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 51
[60] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 52 a
[61] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 52 b
[62] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 53
[63] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 54
[64] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 55 a
[65] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 55 b
[66] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 56
[67] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 57
[68] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 58
[69] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 59
[70] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 60
[71] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 61
[72] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 62
[73] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 1
[74] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 2
[75] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 3
[76] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 4
[77] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 5
[78] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 6
[79] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 7
[80] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 8
[81] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 9
[82] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 10
[83] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 11
[84] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 12
[85] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 13
[86] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 14
[87] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 15
[88] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 16
[89] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 17
[90] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 18
[91] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 19
[92] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 20
[93] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 21
[94] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 22
[95] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 23
[96] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 24
[97] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 25
[98] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 26
[99] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 27
[100] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 64
[101] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 65
[102] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 66
[103] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 67
[104] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 1
[105] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 2
[106] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 3
[107] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 4
[108] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 5
[109] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 6
[110] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 7 a
[111] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 7 b
[112] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 8
[113] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 9
[114] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 10
[115] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 11
[116] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 12
[117] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 13
[118] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 14
[119] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 15
[120] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 16
[121] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 17
[122] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 18
[123] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 19
[124] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 20
[125] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 21
[126] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 22
[127] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 23
[128] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 24
[129] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 88 H 1
[130] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 88 H 2
[131] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 88 H 3
[132] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 88 H 4
[133] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 88 H 5
[134] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 88 H 6
[135] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 88 H 7
[136] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 88 H 8
[137] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 88 H 9
[138] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 88 H 10
[139] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 88 H 11
[140] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 88 H 12
[141] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 88 H 13
[142] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 88 H 14
[143] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 88 H 15
[144] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 88 H 16
[145] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 88 H 17
[146] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 88 H 18
[147] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 88 H 19
[148] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 88 H 20
[149] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 89 H 1
[150] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 89 H 2
[151] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 89 H 3
[152] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 89 H 4
[153] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 89 H 5
[154] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 89 H 6
[155] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 89 H 7
[156] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 89 H 8
[157] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 90 H 1
[158] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 90 H 2
[159] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 90 H 3
[160] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 90 H 4
[161] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 1
[162] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 2
[163] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 3
[164] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 4
[165] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 5
[166] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 6
[167] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 7
[168] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 8
[169] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 9
[170] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 10
[171] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 11
[172] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 12
[173] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 13 a
[174] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 13 b
[175] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 13 c
[176] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 14 a
[177] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 14 b
[178] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 15
[179] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 16
[180] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 17
[181] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 18
[182] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 19
[183] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 20
[184] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 21
[185] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 22
[186] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 23
[187] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 24
[188] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 25
[189] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 26
[190] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 27 a
[191] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 27 b
[192] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 28
[193] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 29
[194] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 30
[195] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 31
[196] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 32
[197] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 33
[198] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 34
[199] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 35
[200] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 36 a
[201] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 36 b
[202] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 37
[203] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 38
[204] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 92 H 1
[205] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 92 H 2
[206] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 92 H 3
[207] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 92 H 4
[208] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 92 H 5
[209] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 92 H 6
[210] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 92 H 7
[211] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 92 H 8
[212] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 92 H 9
[213] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 92 H 10
[214] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 92 H 11
[215] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 92 H 12
[216] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 92 H 13
[217] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 92 H 14
[218] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 92 H 15
[219] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 92 H 16
[220] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 92 H 17
[221] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 92 H 18
[222] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 92 H 19
[223] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 92 H 20
[224] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 92 H 21
[225] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 92 H 22 a
[226] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 92 H 22 b
[227] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 93 H 1