Volume 79
Part 2 out of 2
بحار الانوار الجامعة لدرر أخبار الائمة الاطهار
Bihar Al-Anwaar – The summary of the pearls of the Ahadeeth of the Pure Imams-asws
تأليف العلامة فخر الامة المولى الشيخ محمد باقر المجلسيى
Author – The Allama, the pride of the community, the Mullah, the Sheikh Muhammad Baqir Al Majlisi
باب 20 النوادر
CHAPTER 20 – THE MISECELLANEOUS
1- نَهْجُ الْبَلَاغَةِ، مِنْ كَلَامٍ لَهُ ع بَعْدَ تِلَاوَتِهِ أَلْهاكُمُ التَّكاثُرُ حَتَّى زُرْتُمُ الْمَقابِرَ
(The book) ‘Nahj Al Balagah’ –
‘And from a speech of his-asws having said it after reciting: The augmentation diverts you [102:1] Until you visit the graves [102:2]: –
يَا لَهُ مَرَاماً مَا أَبْعَدَهُ وَ زَوْراً مَا أَغْفَلَهُ وَ خَطَراً مَا أَفْظَعَهُ لَقَدِ اسْتَخْلَوْا مِنْهُمْ أَيَّ مُدَّكِرٍ وَ تَنَاوَشُوهُمْ مِنْ مَكانٍ بَعِيدٍ
‘Oh the wishing for it, how distant it is, and visitors, how heedless they are of it, and danger, how horrible it is. They are devoid from them of whichever lesson there is to take and instead took them from remote places.
أَ فَبِمَصَارِعِ آبَائِهِمْ يَفْخَرُونَ أَمْ بِعَدِيدِ الْهَلْكَى يَتَكَاثَرُونَ يَرْتَجِعُونَ مِنْهُمْ أَجْسَاداً خَوَتْ وَ حَرَكَاتٍ سَكَنَتْ وَ لَأَنْ يَكُونُوا عِبَراً أَحَقُّ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونُوا مُفْتَخَراً وَ لَأَنْ يَهْبِطُوا بِهِمْ جَنَابَ ذِلَّةٍ أَحْجَى مِنْ أَنْ يَقُومُوا بِهِمْ مَقَامَ عِزَّةٍ
Are they priding with the graves of their forefathers of with the number of the deceased they are boasting from the bodies? The bodies are decayed, and the movements have become still, and because they are more rightful of being a lesson than from being a priding, and because it is more of an argument with a side of disgrace of descending with than for a place of honour to stand with them.
لَقَدْ نَظَرُوا إِلَيْهِمْ بِأَبْصَارِ الْعَشْوَةِ وَ ضَرَبُوا مِنْهُمْ فِي غَمْرَةِ جَهَالَةٍ وَ لَوِ اسْتَنْطَقُوا عَنْهُمْ عَرَصَاتِ تِلْكَ الدِّيَارِ الْخَاوِيَةِ وَ الرُّبُوعِ الْخَالِيَةِ لَقَالَتْ ذَهَبُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ ضُلَّالًا وَ ذَهَبْتُمْ فِي أَعْقَابِهِمْ جُهَّالًا تَطَئُونَ فِي هَامِهِمْ وَ تَسْتَنْبِتُونَ فِي أَجْسَادِهِمْ وَ تَرْتَعُونَ فِيمَا لَفَظُوا وَ تَسْكُنُونَ فِيمَا خَرَّبُوا
They had looked at them with the weak sights, and they struck from them in the wading of ignorance, and if they could speak on their behalf, the plains of those ruined houses and vacant courtyards, these would say, ‘They have gone in the ground as strayers’, and you are going in their heels in ignorance, treading in their skulls, and building buildings in their bodies and cultivating in what had uttered, and dwelling in what they had ruined.
وَ إِنَّمَا الْأَيَّامُ بَيْنَكُمْ وَ بَيْنَهُمْ بَوَاكٍ وَ نَوَائِحُ عَلَيْكُمْ أُولَئِكُمْ سَلَفُ غَايَتِكُمْ وَ فُرَّاطُ مَنَاهِلِكُمْ الَّذِينَ كَانَتْ لَهُمْ مَقَاوِمُ الْعِزِّ وَ حَلَبَاتُ الْفَخْرِ مُلُوكاً وَ سُوَقاً سَلَكُوا فِي بُطُونِ الْبَرْزَخِ سَبِيلًا سُلِّطَتِ الْأَرْضُ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهِ فَأَكَلَتْ مِنْ لُحُومِهِمْ وَ شَرِبَتْ مِنْ دِمَائِهِمْ
And rather the days between you and them are crying and lamenting upon you all. They are the you predecessors in their peak and ahead in reaching the watering place, those who had honourable positions for them, and they milked the pride of kings, and they have been ushered to the interior of purgatory in a way the ground has prevailed upon them being in it, so it ate from their flesh and drank their blood.
فَأَصْبَحُوا فِي فَجَوَاتِ قُبُورِهِمْ جَمَاداً لَا يَنْمُونَ وَ ضِمَاراً لَا يُوجَدُونَ لَا يُفْزِعُهُمْ وُرُودُ الْأَهْوَالِ وَ لَا يَحْزُنُهُمْ تَنَكُّرُ الْأَحْوَالِ وَ لَا يَحْفِلُونَ بِالرَّوَاجِفِ وَ لَا يَأْذَنُونَ لِلْقَوَاصِفِ
They have come to be in hollowness of their graves as inanimate objects not growing (anymore), and hidden, nor to be found (anymore). They are neither panicking at the arrival of horrors nor are they grieving at the adverse situations, nor do they care with the earthquakes, nor are they listening to the thunders.
غُيَّباً لَا يُنْتَظَرُونَ وَ شُهُوداً لَا يَحْضُرُونَ وَ إِنَّمَا كَانُوا جَمِيعاً فَتَشَتَّتُوا وَ [أُلَّافاً] آلَافاً فَافْتَرَقُوا وَ مَا عَنْ طُولِ عَهْدِهِمْ وَ لَا بُعْدِ مَحَلِّهِمْ عَمِيَتْ أَخْبَارُهُمْ وَ صَمَّتْ دِيَارُهُمْ وَ لَكِنَّهُمْ سُقُوا كَأْساً بَدَّلَتْهُمْ بِالنُّطْقِ خَرَساً وَ بِالسَّمْعِ صَمَماً وَ بِالْحَرَكَاتِ سُكُوناً
They are hidden (gone), not being awaited, and witnesses not being present, and rather they were together, so they are (now) scattered, and were compiled, now they are separated. Neither it has not been long, their time (in the world), nor is their neighbourhood far. Their news is blinded (not known), and their houses are silent (from them), but they have been quenched a cup (of death) which has replaced their talking with muteness, and the hearing with the deafness, and the movement with the stillness.
فَكَأَنَّهُمْ فِي ارْتِجَالِ الصِّفَةِ صَرْعَى سُبَاتٍ جِيرَانٌ لَا يَتَأَنَّسُونَ وَ أَحِبَّاءُ لَا يَتَزَاوَرُونَ بَلِيَتْ بَيْنَهُمْ عُرَا التَّعَارُفِ وَ انْقَطَعَتْ مِنْهُمْ أَسْبَابُ الْإِخَاءِ فَكُلُّهُمْ وَحِيدٌ وَ هُمْ جَمِيعٌ وَ بِجَانِبِ الْهَجْرِ وَ هُمْ أَخِلَّاءُ
It is as if they are in a hopeless state, lying down in a sleep, neighbours not comforting each other, and loved ones nor visiting each other. The handhold of familiarity has decayed between them, and the means of brotherhood has been terminated from them. All of them are alone while they are a group, and they are strangers while they are friends.
لَا يَتَعَارَفُونَ لِلَيْلٍ صَبَاحاً وَ لَا لِنَهَارٍ مَسَاءً أَيُّ الْجَدِيدَيْنِ ظَعَنُوا فِيهِ كَانَ عَلَيْهِمْ سَرْمَداً شَاهَدُوا مِنْ أَخْطَارِ دَارِهِمْ أَفْظَعَ مِمَّا خَافُوا وَ رَأَوْا مِنْ آيَاتِهَا أَعْظَمَ مِمَّا قَدَّرُوا-
They are neither recognising a morning for a night, nor an evening for a day which of the two is newer. They are pretending in it. These are constantly upon them. They are witnessing the dangers of their houses to be more terrible than what they had feared, and they are seeing from its signs to be mightier than what they has estimated.
[فَكِلَا] فَكِلْتَا الْغَايَتَيْنِ مُدَّتْ لَهُمْ إِلَى مَبَاءَةٍ فَاتَتْ مَبَالِغَ الْخَوْفِ وَ الرَّجَاءِ فَلَوْ كَانُوا يَنْطِقُونَ بِهَا لَعَيُّوا بِصِفَةِ مَا شَاهَدُوا وَ مَا عَايَنُوا وَ لَئِنْ عَمِيَتْ آثَارُهُمْ وَ انْقَطَعَتْ أَخْبَارُهُمْ لَقَدْ رَجَعَتْ فِيهِمْ أَبْصَارُ الْعِبَرِ وَ سَمِعَتْ عَنْهُمْ آذَانُ الْعُقُولِ وَ تَكَلَّمُوا مِنْ غَيْرِ جِهَاتِ النُّطْقِ
Both the peaks (Paradise and Hell) have been extended for them up to beyond reach of fear and hope. If they could have spoken with it, they would have been unable to describe what they are witnessing and what they are seeing, and even though their traces have been hidden and their news has been cut, the sight can return with the lessons among them, and the ears of intellect can hear about them, and they can talk from without the aspects of speaking.
فَقَالُوا كَلَحَتِ الْوُجُوهُ النَّوَاضِرُ وَ خَوَتِ الْأَجْسَامُ النَّوَاعِمُ وَ لَبِسْنَا أَهْدَامَ الْبِلَى وَ تَكَاءَدَنَا ضِيقُ الْمَضْجَعِ وَ تَوَارَثْنَا الْوَحْشَةَ وَ [تَهَدَّمَتْ] تَهَكَّمَتْ عَلَيْنَا الرُّبُوعُ الصُّمُوتُ فَانْمَحَتْ مَحَاسِنُ أَجْسَادِنَا وَ تَنَكَّرَتْ مَعَارِفُ صُوَرِنَا وَ طَالَتْ فِي مَسَاكِنِ الْوَحْشَةِ إِقَامَتُنَا وَ لَمْ نَجِدْ مِنْ كَرْبٍ فَرَجاً وَ لَا مِنْ ضِيقٍ مُتَّسَعاً
They are saying, ‘The grinning faces have frowned, and the delicate bodies have crumbled, we are wearing the decaying clothes, and it is gruesome upon us the narrowness of the lying places, and we have inherited the loneliness, and the silent staying places are getting ruined upon us. The beauty of our bodies has been erased, and our known features are abhorrent, and, and our stay in the dwellings of loneliness is prolonged, and we cannot find any relief nearby nor any vastness from narrowness.
فَلَوْ مَثَّلْتَهُمْ بِعَقْلِكَ أَوْ كُشِفَ عَنْهُمْ مَحْجُوبُ الْغِطَاءِ لَكَ وَ قَدِ ارْتَسَخَتْ أَسْمَاعُهُمْ بِالْهَوَامِ فَاسْتَكَّتْ وَ اكْتَحَلَتْ أَبْصَارُهُمْ بِالتُّرَاب فَخَسَفَتْ وَ تَقَطَّعَتِ الْأَلْسِنَةُ فِي أَفْوَاهِهِمْ بَعْدَ ذَلَاقَتِهَا وَ هَمَدَتِ الْقُلُوبُ فِي صُدُورِهِمْ بَعْدَ يَقَظَتِهَا
If you were to portray with your intellect or if the veils of covering were to be removed from them for you, and their ears have been eaten up by the insects so they are deaf, and their eyes have been applied with the Kohl of dust so they are blinded, and the tongues in their mouths have been cut into pieces after their eloquence, and the hearts have been demolished in their chests after their wakefulness.
وَ عَاثَ فِي كُلِّ جَارِحَةٍ مِنْهُمْ جَدِيدُ بِلًى سَمَّجَهَا وَ سَهَّلَ طُرُقَ الْآفَةِ إِلَيْهَا مُسْتَسْلِمَاتٍ فَلَا أَيْدٍ تَدْفَعُ وَ لَا قُلُوبٌ تَجْزَعُ لَرَأَيْتَ أَشْجَانَ قُلُوبٍ وَ أَقْذَاءَ عُيُونٍ
And the spoiling in every limb from them is a renewed decay of its ugliness, and the paths of calamities have been pave to it. They have surrendered, so there is neither any hand to defend nor any heart to grieve. You will see the sorrowness of the hearts and the specks of the eyes.
لَهُمْ فِي كُلِّ فَظَاعَةٍ صِفَةُ حَالٍ لَا تَنْتَقِلُ وَ غَمْرَةٌ لَا تَنْجَلِي فَكَمْ أَكَلَتِ الْأَرْضُ مِنْ عَزِيزِ جَسَدٍ وَ أَنِيقِ لَوْنٍ كَانَ فِي الدُّنْيَا غَذِيَ تَرَفٍ وَ رَبِيبَ شَرَفٍ يَتَعَلَّلُ بِالسُّرُورِ فِي سَاعَةِ حُزْنِهِ وَ يَفْزَعُ إِلَى السَّلْوَةِ إِنْ مُصِيبَةٌ نَزَلَتْ بِهِ ضَنّاً بِغَضَارَةِ عَيْشِهِ وَ شَحَاحَةً بِلَهْوِهِ وَ لَعِبِهِ
For them, in every atrocity, there is an attribute of a situation not changing, and an adversity nor clearing away. How many an honourable body being of dazzling beauty has been consumed by the earth. In the world he had been provided with luxuries and nurtured in nobility. He was pre-occupied with the happiness in a time of grief, and if a calamity befell him he panicked to the pleasures and goodness of his life by his playing and sports.
فَبَيْنَا هُوَ يَضْحَكُ إِلَى الدُّنْيَا وَ تَضْحَكُ إِلَيْهِ فِي ظِلِّ عَيْشٍ غَفُولٍ إِذْ وَطِئَ الدَّهْرُ بِهِ حَسَكَهُ وَ نَقَضَتِ الْأَيَّامُ قُوَاهُ وَ نَظَرَتْ إِلَيْهِ الْحُتُوفُ مِنْ كَثَبٍ فَخَالَطَهُ بَثٌ لَا يَعْرِفُهُ وَ نَجِيُ هَمٍّ مَا كَانَ يَجِدُهُ وَ تَوَلَّدَتْ فِيهِ فَتَرَاتُ عِلَلٍ آنَسَ مَا كَانَ بِصِحَّتِهِ
While he was smiling at the world and the world was smiling at him in the shade of a life of heedlessness, when the times trampled him with thorns and the days broke his strength, and the death looked at him from nearby. So there mingled with him grief he had not known, and whispering of worries he had not felt before, and natural illnesses were produced in him (instead of) what health he had been with.
فَفَزِعَ إِلَى مَا كَانَ عَوَّدَهُ الْأَطِبَّاءُ مِنْ تَسْكِينِ الْحَارِّ بِالْقَارِّ وَ تَحْرِيكِ الْبَارِدِ بِالْحَارِّ فَلَمْ يُطْفِئْ بِبَارِدٍ إِلَّا ثَوَّرَ حَرَارَةً وَ لَا حَرَّكَ بِحَارٍّ إِلَّا هَيَّجَ بُرُودَةً وَ لَا اعْتَدَلَ بِمُمَازِجٍ لِتِلْكَ الطَّبَائِعِ إِلَّا أَمَدَّ مِنْهَا كُلَّ ذَاتِ دَاءٍ حَتَّى فَتَرَ مُعَلِّلُهُ وَ ذَهَلَ مُمَرِّضُهُ وَ تَعَايَا أَهْلُهُ بِصِفَةِ دَائِهِ وَ خَرِسُوا عَنْ جَوَابِ السَّائِلينَ عَنْهُ
So he panicked to what the doctors had familiarised him for settling the heat with the cold, and stirring the cold with the hot. But nothing was extinguished with the cold except eruption of (more) heat, nor stirred by the hot except agitating (more) coldness, nor could he adjust the mood of that nature except there was an extension from it of every with a disease until his illnesses increased and his nurses were helpless and his family lost the ability to describe his illness and they were mute from answering the questioners about him.
وَ تَنَازَعُوا دُونَهُ شَجِيَّ خَبَرٍ يَكْتُمُونَهُ فَقَائِلٌ يَقُولُ هُوَ لِمَا بِهِ وَ مُمَنٍ لَهُمْ إِيَابَ عَافِيَتِهِ وَ مُصَبِّرٌ لَهُمْ عَلَى فَقْدِهِ يُذَكِّرُهُمْ أُسَى الْمَاضِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ
And they contended with each other besides him, concealing the serious news. A speaker said, ‘He is with what he is with’, and he consoled them with hopes of his good health, and (someone) advised them with being patient upon his loss reminding them of the examples of the past ones from before him.
فَبَيْنَا هُوَ كَذَلِكَ عَلَى جَنَاحٍ مِنْ فِرَاقِ الدُّنْيَا وَ تَرْكِ الْأَحِبَّةِ إِذْ عَرَضَ لَهُ عَارِضٌ مِنْ غُصَصِهِ فَتَحَيَّرَتْ نَوَافِذُ فِطْنَتِهِ وَ يَبِسَتْ رُطُوبَةُ لِسَانِهِ
While he was like that upon a wing (verge) of separating from the world and leaving the life, when a choke from his chokings presented to him. The implementations of his discernments was bewildered, and wetness of his tongue dried up.
فَكَمْ مِنْ مُهِمٍّ مِنْ جَوَابِهِ عَرَفَهُ فَعَيَ عَنْ رَدِّهِ وَ دُعَاءٍ مُؤْلِمٍ بِقَلْبِهِ سَمِعَهُ فَتَصَامَّ عَنْهُ مِنْ كَبِيرٍ كَانَ يُعَظِّمُهُ أَوْ صَغِيرٍ كَانَ يَرْحَمُهُ وَ إِنَّ لِلْمَوْتِ لَغَمَرَاتٍ هِيَ أَفْظَعُ مِنْ أَنْ تُسْتَغْرَقَ بِصِفَةٍ أَوْ تَعْتَدِلَ عَلَى عُقُولِ أَهْلِ الدُّنْيَا
How many important question he knew its answer but he was unable to respond to it, and a call painful to his heart, he heard it but was deaf from it, from an elder he used to revere or a young one he used to be merciful with. For the death there are pangs which are more terrible which can be enwrapped by description, or can be realised by intellects of people of the world’’.[1]
2- دَعَائِمُ الْإِسْلَامِ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فِي مَرَضِهِ الَّذِي قُبِضَ فِيهِ فَقَالَ ادْنُ مِنِّي يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ أَسْتَنِدْ إِلَيْكَ
(The book) ‘Da’aim Al Islam’ –
‘From Abu Zarr-ra, may Allah-azwj have Mercy upon him-ra, said, ‘I-ra was in the presence of Rasool-Allah-saww during his-saww illness which he-saww passed away in. He-saww said: ‘Come near me-saww, O Abu Zarr-ra, I-saww can lean to you-ra!’
فَدَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ فَاسْتَنَدَ إِلَى صَدْرِي إِلَى أَنْ دَخَلَ عَلِيٌّ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لِي قُمْ يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ فَإِنَّ عَلِيّاً أَحَقُّ بِهَذَا مِنْكَ
I-ra went near him-saww, and he-saww leant to my-ra chest until Ali-asws, may the Salawaat of Allah‑azwj be upon him-asws, entered. He-saww said to me-ra: ‘Arise, Abu Zarr-ra, for Ali-asws is more rightful with this than you-ra are!’
فَجَلَسَ عَلِيٌّ ع فَاسْتَنَدَ إِلَى صَدْرِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي هَاهُنَا بَيْنَ يَدَيَّ فَجَلَسْتُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ
Ali-asws sat down. He-saww leant to his-asws chest, then said to me-ra: ‘Over here, in front of me‑saww!’ I-ra sat in front of him-saww.
فَقَالَ لِي اعْقِدْ بِيَدِكَ مَنْ خُتِمَ لَهُ بِشَهَادَةِ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ وَ مَنْ خُتِمَ لَهُ بِحَجَّةٍ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ وَ مَنْ خُتِمَ لَهُ بِعُمْرَةٍ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ وَ مَنْ خُتِمَ لَهُ بِطَعَامِ مِسْكِينٍ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ وَ مَنْ خُتِمَ لَهُ بِجِهَادٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَ لَوْ قَدْرَ فُوَاقِ النَّاقَةِ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ.
He-saww said to me-ra: ‘Clasp your-ra hands! One whom it ends for him with the testimony that there is no god except Allah-azwj will enter the Paradise, and one it ends for him with a Hajj will enter the Paradise, and one it ends for him with an Umrah will enter the Paradise, and one it ends for him with feeding a poor will enter the Paradise, and one it enters for him with Jihad in the Way of Allah-azwj, and even if he was able upon mounting the she-camel, will enter the Paradise’’.[2]
وَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى رُبَّمَا أَمَرَ مَلَكَ الْمَوْتِ ع فَرَدَّدَ نَفْسَ الْمُؤْمِنِ لِيُخْرِجَهَا مِنْ أَهْوَنِ الْمَوَاضِعِ عَلَيْهِ وَ يَرَى النَّاسُ أَنَّهُ شُدِّدَ عَلَيْهِ
And from Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted sometimes Commands the Angel of death, so he returns the soul of a Momin in order to extract it from the places easiest upon him, and the people will be seeing him with severity upon him.
وَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى رُبَّمَا أَمَرَ مَلَكَ الْمَوْتِ بِالتَّشْدِيدِ عَلَى الْكَافِرَ فَيَجْذِبُ نَفْسَهُ جَذْبَةً وَاحِدَةً كَمَا يُجْذَبُ السَّفُّودُ مِنَ الصُّوفِ الْمَبْلُولِ وَ يَرَى النَّاسُ أَنَّهُ هُوِّنَ عَلَيْهِ.
And sometimes Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Commands the Angel of death with the severity upon the Kafir, so he pulls it himself with one pull, like what the skewer is pulled from the wet wool, and the people see that it was made easy for him’’.[3]
3- الدَّعَائِمُ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ: إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ لَتَكُونُ لَهُ الْمَنْزِلَةُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ فَلَا يَبْلُغُهَا بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الْبَلَاءِ حَتَّى يُدْرِكَهُ الْمَوْتُ وَ لَمْ يَبْلُغْ تِلْكَ الدَّرَجَةَ فَيُشَدَّدُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ فَيَبْلُغُهَا.
(The book) ‘Al Da’aim’ –
‘From Rasool-Allah-saww having said: ‘The servant, there happens to be the status for him from the Paradise, he cannot reach it with anything from the afflictions until the death comes to him, and he (still) does not reach the rank, so there is severity upon him during the death, so he does (eventually) reach it’’.[4]
وَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص أَنَّهُ أَوْصَى رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَقَالَ أُوصِيكَ بِذِكْرِ الْمَوْتِ فَإِنَّهُ يُسَلِّيكَ عَنْ أَمْرِ الدُّنْيَا.
And from Rasool-Allah-saww advising a man from the Helpers, he-saww said: ‘I-saww advise you with remembering the death, for it would distract you from matters of the world’’.[5]
وَ عَنْهُ ص أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَكْثِرُوا مِنْ ذِكْرِ هَادِمِ اللَّذَّاتِ
And from him-saww having said: ‘Frequent from remembering the demolisher of the pleasures!’
فَقِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَمَا هَادِمُ اللَّذَّاتِ
It was said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! What is the demolisher of pleasures?’
قَالَ الْمَوْتُ فَإِنَّ أَكْيَسَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ ذِكْراً لِلْمَوْتِ وَ أَشَدُّهُمْ لَهُ اسْتِعْدَاداً.
He-saww said: ‘The death. Surely cleverest of the Momineen is their most frequent of remembering of the death, and the most intense of them is preparing for it’’.[6]
وَ عَنْهُ ص أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِقَوْمٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ مَنْ أَكْيَسُ النَّاسِ قَالَ اللَّهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ
And from him-saww having said to a group of his-saww companions: ‘Who is cleverest of the people?’ They said, ‘Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww are more knowing’.
فَقَالَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ ذِكْراً لِلْمَوْتِ وَ أَشَدُّهُمُ اسْتِعْدَاداً لَهُ.
He-saww said: ‘The most frequent of them in remembering the death and their most intense in preparing for it’’.[7]
وَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع أَنَّهُ أَوْصَى بَعْضَ أَصْحَابِهِ فَقَالَ أَكْثِرُوا ذِكْرَ الْمَوْتِ فَإِنَّهُ مَا أَكْثَرَ ذِكْرَ الْمَوْتِ إِنْسَانٌ إِلَّا زَهِدَ فِي الدُّنْيَا.
And from Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws having advised one his-asws companions, he-asws said: ‘Frequent in remembering the death for a person will not frequent remembering except he would be an ascetic in the world’’.[8]
وَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ: الْمَوْتُ رَيْحَانَةُ الْمُؤْمِنِ.
And from Rasool-Allah-saww having said: ‘The dead is an aroma of the Momin’’.[9]
وَ عَنْهُ ص قَالَ: مُسْتَرِيحٌ وَ مُسْتَرَاحٌ مِنْهُ فَأَمَّا الْمُسْتَرِيحُ فَالْعَبْدُ الصَّالِحُ اسْتَرَاحَ مِنْ غَمِّ الدُّنْيَا وَ مَا كَانَ فِيهِ مِنَ الْعِبَادَةِ إِلَى الرَّاحَةِ وَ نَعِيمِ الْآخِرَةِ وَ أَمَّا الْمُسْتَرَاحُ مِنْهُ فَالْفَاجِرُ يَسْتَرِيحُ مِنْهُ مَلَكَاهُ.
And from him-saww having said: ‘There is one who is at rest and one rested from. As for the rested, it is the righteous servant resting from sorrows of the world, and whatever therein is worship he would be to the rest and bounties of the Hereafter; and as for the one rested from, it is the immoral, his Angels (recorders of good deeds) are resting from him’’.[10]
وَ عَنْهُ ع أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ أَلَا رُبَّ مَسْرُورٍ مَقْبُورٍ وَ هُوَ لَا يَشْعُرُ يَأْكُلُ وَ يَشْرَبُ وَ يَضْحَكُ وَ حَقٌّ لَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ أَنْ سَيَصْلَى السَّعِيرَ.
And from him-asws, he-asws had said: ‘Indeed! Sometimes a happy (person) goes in the grave, and he is not aware. He (used to) eat, and drink and laugh, and there is a right for him from Allah‑azwj that he be destined to the Blazing Fire’’.[11]
وَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَوْ لَا أَنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ ابْنَ آدَمَ أَحْمَقَ مَا عَاشَ وَ لَوْ عَلِمَتِ الْبَهَائِمُ أَنَّهَا تَمُوتُ كَمَا تَعْلَمُونَ مَا سَمِنَتْ لَكُمْ.
And from Ali-asws, may the Salawaat of Allah-azwj be upon him-asws, said: ‘Had it not been that Allah-azwj Created the son of Adam-as as an idiot, he would not have lived, and if the animal had known that it would be dying like what you are knowing, it would not have fattened for, as you all’’.[12]
وَ عَنْهُ ص أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَا رَأَيْتُ إِيمَاناً مَعَ يَقِينٍ أَشْبَهَ مِنْهُ بِشَكٍّ إِلَّا هَذَا الْإِنْسَانَ إِنَّهُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ يُوَدِّعُ وَ إِلَى الْقُبُورِ يُشَيِّعُ وَ إِلَى غُرُورِ الدُّنْيَا يَرْجِعُ وَ عَنِ الشَّهْوَةِ وَ اللَّذَّةِ لَا يُقْلِعُ
And from him-saww having said: ‘I-saww have not seen Eman with conviction most resembling from it with doubt except this human being. He bids farewell to every day and escorts (others) to the grave, and he is (still) hoping to deception of the world, and he is not uprooting from the lusts and the pleasures.
فَلَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِابْنِ آدَمَ الْمِسْكِينِ ذَنْبٌ يَتَوَقَّعُهُ وَ لَا حِسَابٌ يُوقَفُ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا مَوْتٌ يُبَدِّدُ شَمْلَهُ وَ يُفَرِّقُ جَمْعَهُ وَ يُؤْتِمُ وُلْدَهُ لَكَانَ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يُحَاذِرَ مَا هُوَ فِيهِ وَ لَقَدْ غَفَلْنَا عَنِ الْمَوْتِ غَفْلَةَ أَقْوَامٍ غَيْرِ نَازِلٍ بِهِمْ وَ رَكِنَّا إِلَى الدُّنْيَا وَ شَهَوَاتِهَا رُكُونَ أَقْوَامٍ لَا يَرْجُونَ حِسَاباً وَ لَا يَخَافُونَ عِقَاباً.
Had there not been any sin for the poor son of Adam-as he is falling in, nor any Reckoning he would be paused upon, except death dissipating his family, and separating his crowd, and orphaning his children, it would have been befitting for him to be careful of what he is in; and we are heedless about the death, heedlessness of a people it will not be befalling with them, and we are inclining to the world and its lusts, the inclining of a people who are neither hoping for Reckoning nor fearing Punishment’’.[13]
وَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا احْتُضِرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص غُشِيَ عَلَيْهِ فَبَكَتْ فَاطِمَةُ ع فَأَفَاقَ ص وَ هِيَ تَقُولُ مَنْ لَنَا بَعْدَكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ أَنْتُمُ الْمُسْتَضْعَفُونَ بَعْدِي.
And from Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws having said: ‘When (death) presented to Rasool-Allah‑azwj, there was unconsciousness upon him-saww, so (Syeda) Fatima-asws cried. He-saww woke up and she-asws was saying: ‘Who is for us after you-saww, O Rasool-Allah-saww?’ He-saww said: ‘You-asws will be weakened after me-saww’’.[14]
وَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص أَنَّهُ رَخَّصَ فِي زِيَارَةِ الْقُبُورِ وَ قَالَ تُذَكِّرُكُمُ الْآخِرَةَ.
And from Ali-asws, from Rasool-Allah-saww, he-saww had allowed regarding visiting the graves and said: ‘It reminds you of the Hereafter’’.[15]
وَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: كَانَتْ فَاطِمَةُ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا تَزُورُ قَبْرَ حَمْزَةَ وَ تَقُومُ عَلَيْهِ وَ كَانَتْ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ تَأْتِي قُبُورَ الشُّهَدَاءِ مَعَ نِسْوَةٍ مَعَهَا فَيَدْعُونَ وَ يَسْتَغْفِرُونَ.
And from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘(Syeda) Fatima-asws, may the Salawaat of Allah-azwj be upon her-asws, used to visit the grave of Hamza-as and stand to it, and during every year she‑asws used to come to graves of the martyrs with the women being with her-asws. They would supplicate and seek Forgiveness’’.[16]
وَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا مَرَّ بِالْقُبُورِ قَالَ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ أَهْلَ الدِّيَارِ وَ إِنَّا بِكُمْ لَاحِقُونَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ.
And from Ali-asws, may Salawaat of Allah-azwj be upon him-asws, whenever he-asws passed by the graves, he-asws said: ‘The greetings be upon you all, people of the houses, and we shall be joining with you all!’ – three times’’.[17]
وَ عَنْهُ ع عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَنْ تَخَطِّي الْقُبُورِ وَ الضَّحِكِ عِنْدَهَا.
And from him-asws, from Rasool-Allah-saww, he-saww had forbidden from stepping on the graves and the laughing in their presence’’.[18]
4- الْهِدَايَةُ، قَالَ الرِّضَا ع مَنْ زَارَ قَبْرَ مُؤْمِنٍ فَقَرَأَ عِنْدَهُ إِنَّا أَنْزَلْناهُ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ وَ لِصَاحِبِ الْقَبْرِ وَ مَنْ يَزُورُ الْقَبْرَ يَسْتَقْبِلُ الْقِبْلَةَ وَ يَضَعُ يَدَهُ عَلَى الْقَبْرِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَزُورَ إِمَاماً فَإِنَّهُ يَجِبُ أَنْ يَسْتَقْبِلَهُ بِوَجْهِهِ وَ يَجْعَلَ ظَهْرَهُ إِلَى الْقِبْلَةِ.
(The book) ‘Al Hidaya’ –
‘Al-Reza-asws said: ‘One who visits grave of a Momin, so he recites Surah Al-Qadr at it seven time, Allah-azwj will Forgive (sins) for him and for occupant of the grave; and the one who visits the grave should face the Qiblah and place his hand upon the grave, except if you are visiting an Imam-asws, for it is obligatory that he faces him-asws with his face and makes his back towards the Qiblah’’.[19]
وَ قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع لَمَّا أَشْرَفَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع عَلَى الْقُبُورِ قَالَ يَا أَهْلَ التُّرْبَةِ يَا أَهْلَ الْغُرْبَةِ أَمَّا الدُّورُ فَقَدْ سُكِنَتْ وَ أَمَّا الْأَزْوَاجُ فَقَدْ نُكِحَتْ وَ أَمَّا الْأَمْوَالُ فَقَدْ قُسِمَتْ فَهَذَا خَبَرُ مَا عِنْدَنَا فَمَا خَبَرُ مَا عِنْدَكُمْ
And Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘When Amir Al-Momineen-asws overlooked upon the graves, he-asws said: ‘O people of the soil! O people of the estrangement! As for the houses, they (houses) have been settled in, and as for the wives, they have been married, and as for the wealth, it has been distributed. This is the news of what is with us, so what is the news of what is with you?’
ثُمَّ الْتَفَتَ إِلَى الصَّحَابَةِ فَقَالَ لَوْ أُذِنَ لَهُمْ فِي الْكَلَامِ لَأَخْبَرُوكُمْ إِنَ خَيْرَ الزَّادِ التَّقْوى.
Then he-asws turned to the companions. He-asws said: ‘Had there been permission for them regarding the talking, they would have informed you that the best provision is the piety’’.[20]
وَ رُوِيَ أَنَّ مَنْ مَسَحَ يَدَهُ عَلَى رَأْسِ يَتِيمٍ تَرَحُّماً كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ بِعَدَدِ كُلِّ شَعْرَةٍ مَرَّتْ عَلَى يَدِهِ حَسَنَةً.
And it is reported that the one who wipes his hand upon the head of an orphan being merciful, Allah-azwj will Write a good deed for him, with the number of every hair his hand had passed upon’’.[21]
5- مِشْكَاةُ الْأَنْوَارِ، جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ص فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِذَا حَضَرَ جِنَازَةٌ وَ حَضَرَ مَجْلِسُ عَالِمٍ أَيُّهُمَا أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ أَنْ أَشْهَدَ
(The book) ‘Mishkat Al Anwaar’ –
‘A man came to the Prophet-saww. He said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! When a funeral presents and gathering of a scholar presents, which of the two is more beloved to you-saww that I should attend?’
فَقَالَ ص إِنْ كَانَ لِلْجِنَازَةِ مَنْ يَتْبَعُهَا وَ يَدْفِنُهَا فَإِنَّ حُضُورَ مَجْلِسِ عَالِمٍ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ حُضُورِ أَلْفِ جِنَازَةٍ وَ مِنْ عِيَادَةِ أَلْفِ مَرِيضٍ وَ مِنْ قِيَامِ أَلْفِ لَيْلَةٍ وَ مِنْ صِيَامِ أَلْفِ يَوْمٍ وَ مِنْ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ يُتَصَدَّقُ بِهَا عَلَى الْمَسَاكِينِ وَ مِنْ أَلْفِ حَجَّةٍ سِوَى الْفَرِيضَةِ وَ مِنْ أَلْفِ غَزْوَةٍ سِوَى الْوَاجِبِ تَغْزُوهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِمَالِكَ وَ بِنَفْسِكَ وَ أَيْنَ تَقَعُ هَذِهِ الْمَشَاهِدُ مِنْ مَشْهَدِ عَالِمٍ
He-saww said: ‘If for the funeral there are one who are following (escorting) it and will be burying it, then attending gathering of a scholar is better than attending a thousand funerals, and from consoling a thousand sick ones, and from standing a thousand nights (in Salat), and from fasting a thousand days, and from a thousand Dirhams given in charity with upon the poor, and from a thousand Hajj performed apart from the obligatory, and from a thousand military expeditions apart from the obligatory you participate in the Way of Allah-azwj with your wealth and your self. And where can these attendances be compared from attending a scholar?
أَ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُطَاعُ بِالْعِلْمِ وَ يُعْبَدُ بِالْعِلْمِ وَ خِيَرَةُ الدُّنْيَا وَ الْآخِرَةِ مَعَ الْعِلْمِ وَ شَرُّ الدُّنْيَا وَ الْآخِرَةِ مَعَ الْجَهْلِ
Don’t you know that Allah-azwj is obeyed through knowledge, and He-azwj is worshipped through knowledge, and goodness of the world and the Hereafter is with the knowledge, and evil of the world and the Hereafter is with the ignorance?
أَ لَا أُخْبِرُكُمْ عَنْ أَقْوَامٍ لَيْسُوا بِأَنْبِيَاءَ وَ لَا شُهَدَاءَ يَغْبِطُهُمُ النَّاسُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ بِمَنَازِلِهِمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى مَنَابِرَ مِنْ نُورٍ
Shall I-saww inform you about a people who are neither Prophets-as, nor martyrs, (but still) the people will be envying them on the Day of Qiyamah of their status from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, being upon pulpits of light?’
قِيلَ مَنْ هُمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ
It was said, ‘Who are they, O Rasool-Allah-saww?’
قَالَ هُمُ الَّذِينَ يُحَبِّبُونَ عِبَادَ اللَّهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ يُحَبِّبُونَ اللَّهَ إِلَى عِبَادِهِ
He-saww said: ‘They are those who are making servants of Allah-azwj Beloved to Allah-azwj and making Allah-azwj to be beloved to His-azwj servants’.
قُلْنَا هَذَا حَبَّبُوا اللَّهَ إِلَى عِبَادِهِ فَكَيْفَ يُحَبِّبُونَ عِبَادَ اللَّهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ
We said, ‘This making Allah-azwj beloved to His-azwj servants (we understand). How are they making servants of Allah-azwj Beloved to Allah-azwj?’
قَالَ يَأْمُرُونَهُمْ بِمَا يُحِبُّ اللَّهُ وَ يَنْهَوْنَهُمْ عَمَّا يَكْرَهُ اللَّهُ فَإِذَا أَطَاعُوهُمْ أَحَبَّهُمُ اللَّهُ.
He-saww said: ‘Instructing them with what Allah-azwj Loves, and forbidding them from what Allah-azwj Dislikes. When they obey them, Allah-azwj Loves them’’.[22]
وَ مِنْهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أُسَلِّمُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْقُبُورِ
And from him, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘Can I greet upon occupants of the graves?’
قَالَ نَعَمْ
He-asws said: ‘Yes’.
قُلْتُ كَيْفَ أَقُولُ
I said, ‘How should I be saying?’
قَالَ تَقُولُ السَّلَامُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الدِّيَارِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ الْمُسْلِمَاتِ أَنْتُمْ لَنَا فَرَطٌ وَ إِنَّا بِكُمْ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ رَاجِعُونَ.
He-asws said: ‘You should be saying, ‘The greetings be upon people of the houses, from the Momin (believing) men and believing women, and the Muslim men and the Muslim women. You are a precedence for us and we shall be returning (to be) with you, if Allah-azwj so Desires’’.[23]
وَ مِنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ الْبَاقِرُ ع أَنْزِلِ الدُّنْيَا مِنْكَ كَمَنْزِلٍ نَزَلْتَهُ ثُمَّ أَرَدْتَ التَّحَوُّلَ عَنْهُ مِنْ يَوْمِكَ أَوْ كَمَالٍ اكْتَسَبْتَهُ فِي مَنَامِكَ وَ لَيْسَ فِي يَدِكَ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ
And from him (Abu Hamza), said,
‘Al-Baqir-asws said: ‘Accord status to the world from you like a lodge you descend in, then you intend to transfer away from it from your very day (of arrival), or like wealth you are earning in your dream and (in the morning) there is nothing in your hands from it.
وَ إِذَا حَضَرْتَ فِي جَنَازَةٍ فَكُنْ كَأَنَّكَ الْمَحْمُولُ عَلَيْهَا وَ كَأَنَّكَ سَأَلْتَ رَبَّكَ الرَّجْعَةَ إِلَى الدُّنْيَا فَرَدَّكَ فَاعْمَلْ عَمَلَ مَنْ قَدْ عَايَنَ.
And when you are present in a funeral, then be as if you are the one being carried upon it (bier), and as if you are asking your Lord-azwj for the return to the world, so He-azwj Does return you. So do the actions of the one who has witnessed’’.[24]
وَ مِنْهُ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ إِنَّ رَجُلًا فِيمَا مَضَى مِنَ الدَّهْرِ كَانَ لَا يُرْفَعُ لِأَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ مِنَ الْحَسَنَاتِ مَا يُرْفَعُ لَهُ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ سَيِّئَةٌ
And from him, from Muawiya Bin Ammar who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘There was a man in what has passed from the times, the good deeds were not raised for people of the earth what they were raised for him, and there did not happen to be any evil deeds for him.
فَأَحَبَّهُ مَلَكٌ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ فَسَأَلَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يَأْذَنَ لَهُ فَيَنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ فَيُسَلِّمَ عَلَيْهِ فَأَذِنَ لَهُ فَنَزَلَ فَإِذَا الرَّجُلُ قَائِمٌ يُصَلِّي فَجَلَسَ الْمَلَكُ وَ جَاءَ أَسَدٌ فَوَثَبَ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ فَقَطَعَهُ أَرْبَعَةَ آرَابٍ وَ فُرِّقَ فِي كُلِّ جِهَةٍ مِنَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ إِرْباً وَ انْطَلَقَ
An Angel from the Angels loved him, so he asked Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic to Permit him to descend to him, so he can greet unto him. He-azwj Permitted for him, so he descended, and there was the man standing, praying Salat. So the Angel sat down (waiting), and a lion came and leapt upon the man and cut him into four pieces, and separated in every aspect from the four, into a piece, and went away.
فَقَامَ الْمَلَكُ فَجَمَعَ تِلْكَ الْأَعْضَاءَ فَدَفَنَهَا ثُمَّ مَضَى عَلَى سَاحِلِ الْبَحْرِ فَمَرَّ بِرَجُلٍ مُشْرِكٍ تُعْرَضُ عَلَيْهِ أَلْوَانُ الْأَطْعِمَةِ فِي آنِيَةِ الذَّهَبِ وَ الْفِضَّةِ وَ هُوَ مَلِكُ الْهِنْدِ وَ هُوَ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ تَكَلَّمَ بِالشِّرْكِ
The Angel stood up, gathered those body parts and buried them. Then he went to a coast of the sea. He passed by a Polytheist man, a variety of food items had been presented to him in utensils of gold and silver, and he was a king of India; and he was like that when he spoke with the Polytheist.
فَصَعِدَ الْمَلَكُ فَدُعِيَ فَقِيلَ لَهُ مَا رَأَيْتَ
The Angel ascended. He called out. He-azwj Said to him, “What did you see?”
فَقَالَ مِنْ أَعْجَبِ مَا رَأَيْتُ عَبْدُكَ فُلَانٌ الَّذِي لَمْ يَكُنْ يُرْفَعُ لِأَحَدٍ مِنَ الْآدَمِيِّينَ مِنَ الْحَسَنَاتِ مِثْلُ مَا يُرْفَعُ لَهُ سَلَّطْتَ عَلَيْهِ كَلْباً فَقَطَعَهُ إِرْباً ثُمَّ مَرَرْتُ بِعَبْدٍ لَكَ قَدْ مَلَّكْتَهُ تُعْرَضُ عَلَيْهِ آنِيَةُ الذَّهَبِ وَ الْفِضَّةِ فِيهَا أَلْوَانُ الْأَطْعِمَةِ فَيُشْرِكُ بِكَ وَ هُوَ سَوِيٌّ
He said, ‘From the most astounding of what I saw is Your-azwj so and so servant who, there had not been raised such good deeds for anyone from the children of Adam-as like what had been raised for him. You-azwj Caused a dog to prevail upon him, and it cut him into pieces! Then I passed by a servant of Yours-azwj whom You-azwj had Made a king. A variety of foods have been presented to him in utensils of gold and silver. He associated with You-azwj, and he was safe and sound!’
قَالَ فَلَا تَعْجَبَنَّ مِنْ عَبْدِيَ الْأَوَّلِ فَإِنَّهُ سَأَلَنِي مَنْزِلَةً مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ لَمْ يَبْلُغْهَا بِعَمَلٍ فَسَلَّطْتُ عَلَيْهِ الْكَلْبَ لِأُبْلِغَهُ الدَّرَجَةَ الَّتِي أَرَادَهَا وَ أَمَّا عَبْدِيَ الْآخَرُ فَإِنِّي اسْتَكْثَرْتُ لَهُ شَيْئاً صَنَعْتُهُ بِهِ لِمَا يَصِيرُ إِلَيْهِ غَداً مِنْ عَذَابِي.
He-azwj Said: ‘Do not be astounded from My-azwj first servant, for he had asked Me-azwj for a status from the Paradise which cannot be reached by deeds (only). So I-azwj Caused the dog to prevail upon him, for him to be able to reach the rank which he had wanted; and as for My‑azwj other servant, I-azwj have Made a lot of something for him to do with him from My-azwj Punishment what he would be coming to it tomorrow!”[25]
6- دَعَوَاتُ الرَّاوَنْدِيِّ، قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص تُحْفَةُ الْمُؤْمِنِ الْمَوْتُ
(The book) ‘Dawaat’ of Al Rawandy –
‘The Prophet-saww said: ‘Gift of the Momin is death’.
وَ قَالَ الْمَوْتُ كَفَّارَةٌ لِكُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ وَ إِذَا مَاتَ الْمُؤْمِنُ ثُلِمَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ ثُلْمَةٌ لَا يَسُدُّ مَكَانَهَا شَيْءٌ وَ بَكَتْ عَلَيْهِ بِقَاعُ الْأَرْضِ الَّتِي كَانَ يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ فِيهَا.
And he-saww said: ‘The death is an atonement of every Muslim, and when the Momin dies a crack is cracked in Al-Islam, nothing can plug its place, and there cries upon him, the spot of the earth which he used to worship in’’.[26]
وَ قَالَ ص إِذَا تَقَارَبَ الزَّمَانُ انْتَقَى الْمَوْتُ خِيَارَ أُمَّتِي كَمَا يَنْتَقِي أَحَدُكُمْ خِيَارَ الرُّطَبِ مِنَ الطَّبَقِ.
And he-saww said: ‘When the times converge, the death picks best of my-saww community just as one of you picks the best dates from the tray’’.[27]
وَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع لَيْسَ بَيْنَنَا وَ بَيْنَ الْجَنَّةِ أَوِ النَّارِ إِلَّا الْمَوْتُ.
And Amir Al Momineen-asws said: ‘There isn’t anything between us and the Paradise or the Fire except the death’’.[28]
وَ قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع هَوْلٌ لَا تَدْرِي مَتَى يَغْشَاكَ مَا يَمْنَعُكَ أَنْ تَسْتَعِدَّ لَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَفْجَأَكَ.
And Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘(The death) is a horror you don’t know when it will overwhelm you. What prevents you from preparing for it before it surprises you’’.[29]
وَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع مَا أَنْزَلَ الْمَوْتَ حَقَّ مَنْزِلَتِهِ مَنْ عَدَّ غَداً مِنْ أَجَلِهِ وَ مَا أَطَالَ عَبْدٌ الْأَمَلَ إِلَّا أَسَاءَ الْعَمَلَ وَ طَلَبَ الدُّنْيَا.
And Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘He has not accorded status to the death as its rightful status one who counts tomorrow as being from his lifespan; and no servant will prolong the hopes except he will do evil deeds and seek the world’’.[30]
وَ قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع إِنَّهُ لَمْ يُكْثِرْ عَبْدٌ ذِكْرَ الْمَوْتِ إِلَّا زَهِدَ فِي الدُّنْيَا.
And Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘Surely, a servant will not frequent remembering the death, except he would be ascetic in the world’’.[31]
وَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص لَوْ نَظَرْتُمْ إِلَى الْأَجَلِ وَ مَسِيرِهِ لَأَبْغَضْتُمُ الْأَمَلَ وَ غُرُورَهُ إِنَّ لِكُلِّ سَاعٍ غَايَةً وَ غَايَةَ كُلِّ سَاعٍ الْمَوْتُ لَوْ تَعْلَمُ الْبَهَائِمُ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ مَا تَعْلَمُونَ مَا أَكَلْتُمْ سَمِيناً عِشْ مَا شِئْتَ فَإِنَّكَ مَيِّتٌ وَ أَحْبِبْ مَنْ أَحْبَبْتَ فَإِنَّكَ مُفَارِقُهُ عَجِبْتُ لِمُؤَمِّلِ دُنْيَا وَ الْمَوْتُ يَطْلُبُهُ.
And the Prophet-saww said: ‘If you were to look at the term (death) and its path, you will hate the (long) hopes and its deceptions. For every hour there is a purpose, and a purpose of every hour is the death. Hade the animals known about the death what you are knowing, you would not have eaten a fat one. Live for as long as you desire to, and love the one you love to, for you will separate from him. I-asws am surprised as the one hoping for the world while the death is seeking him’’.[32]
وَ رُوِيَ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا دَنَا وَفَاةُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع قَالَ هَلَّا أَرْسَلْتَ إِلَيَّ رَسُولًا حَتَّى آخُذَ أُهْبَةً
And it is reported that when the death of Ibrahim-as approached, he-as said: ‘Will You-azwj not Send a messenger to me-as until I-as take preparations for it (death)?’
قَالَ لَهُ أَ وَ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ الشَّيْبَ رَسُولِي.
He-azwj Said to him-as: ‘And don’t you-as know that the grey hair is My-azwj messenger?’’[33]
وَ حَدَّثَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَجَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ رَأَيْتُكَ فِي النَّوْمِ كَأَنِّي أَقُولُ لَكَ كَمْ بَقِيَ مِنْ أَجَلِي فَقُلْتَ لِي بِيَدِكَ هَكَذَا وَ أَوْمَأْتَ إِلَى خَمْسٍ وَ قَدْ شُغِلَ ذَلِكَ قَلْبِي
And it is narrated by Abu Bakr Bin Ayyash who said,
‘I was in the presence of Abu Abdullah-asws. A man came to him-asws. He said, ‘I saw you-asws in the dream. It is as if I was saying to you-asws, ‘How much of my term (life-span) remains?’ You-asws said to me with your-asws hand (gesture) like this, and gestured to five, and that has pre-occupied my heart’.
فَقَالَ ع إِنَّكَ سَأَلْتَنِي عَنْ شَيْءٍ لَا يَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ هِيَ خَمْسٌ تَفَرَّدَ اللَّهُ بِهَا- إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ إِلَى آخِرِهَا.
He-asws said: ‘You asked me-asws about something no one knows it except Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and it is five (matters) Allah-azwj is Individualised with it – Surely, Allah, with Him is the Knowledge of the Hour [31:34] – up to the end of it (Verse)’’.[34]
وَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ سُبْحَانَ مَنْ لَا يَسْتَأْنِسُ بِشَيْءٍ أَبْقَاهُ وَ لَا يَسْتَوْحِشُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ أَفْنَاهُ
And he said, ‘I heard him-asws saying: ‘Glorious is the One-azwj Who is neither Comforted by anything He-azwj Causes to remain, nor lonely from anything He-azwj Causes to perish!’
وَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ وَ أَقْسَمُوا بِاللَّهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمانِهِمْ- لا يَبْعَثُ اللَّهُ مَنْ يَمُوتُ أَ فَتُرَاكَ تَجْمَعُ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْقِسْمَيْنِ فِي دَارٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَ هِيَ النَّارُ.
And I heard him-asws saying: And they are swearing by Allah with the most emphatic of their oaths, ‘Allah will not Resurrect ones who die!’ [16:38]. Do you see Him-azwj Gathering the two types (of people) in one house, and it is the Fire?’’[35]
وَ رُوِيَ أَنَّهُ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ص وَ قَالَ إِنَّ فُلَاناً جَارِي يُؤْذِينِي
And it is reported that a man came to the Prophet-saww and said: ‘So and so neighbour of mine is bothering me!’
قَالَ اصْبِرْ عَلَى أَذَاهُ كُفَّ أَذَاكَ عَنْهُ
He-saww said: ‘Be patient upon his harm, restrain your harm from him!’
فَمَا لَبِثَ أَنْ جَاءَ وَ قَالَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ إِنَّ جَارِي قَدْ مَاتَ
It was not long before he came and said, ‘O Prophet-saww of Allah-azwj! My neighbour has died!’
فَقَالَ ص كَفَى بِالدَّهْرِ وَاعِظاً وَ كَفَى بِالْمَوْتِ مُفَرِّقاً.
He-saww said: ‘Suffice with the time as a preaching, and suffice with the dead as a separator’’.[36]
وَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص يَا رَبِّ أَيُّ عبادي [عِبَادِكَ] أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ
And the Prophet-saww said: ‘O Lord-azwj! Which of Your-azwj servants is most Beloved to You-azwj?’
قَالَ الَّذِي يَبْكِي لِفَقْدِ الصَّالِحِينَ كَمَا يَبْكِي الصَّبِيُّ عَلَى فَقْدِ أَبَوَيْهِ.
He-azwj Said: ‘The one who cries at the loss of the righteous (people) just as the child cries upon the loss of its parents’’.[37]
وَ قَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ أَرْقَمَ قَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ ع مَا مِنْ شِيعَتِنَا إِلَّا صِدِّيقٌ شَهِيدٌ
And Zayd Bin Arqam said,
‘Al-Husayn-asws Bin Ali-asws said: ‘There is none from our-asws Shias except he is a truthful, a martyr’.
قُلْتُ أَنَّى يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ وَ هُمْ يَمُوتُونَ عَلَى فُرُشِهِمْ
I said, ‘How can it be that, and they are dying upon their beds?’
فَقَالَ أَ مَا تَتْلُو كِتَابَ اللَّهِ- الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَ رُسُلِهِ أُولئِكَ هُمُ الصِّدِّيقُونَ وَ الشُّهَداءُ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ
He-asws said: ‘Have you not read the Book of Allah-azwj: And those who believe in Allah and His Rasool, they are the truthful and the martyrs in the Presence of their Lord. [57:19]?’
ثُمَّ قَالَ ع لَوْ لَمْ تَكُنِ الشَّهَادَةُ إِلَّا لِمَنْ قُتِلَ بِالسَّيْفِ لَأَقَلَّ اللَّهُ الشُّهَدَاءَ.
Then he-asws said: ‘If the martyrdom does not happen except for the one killed by the sword, the martyrs of Allah-azwj would be few’’.[38]
وَ قَالَ زَيْنُ الْعَابِدِينَ ع أَشَدُّ سَاعَاتِ ابْنِ آدَمَ ثَلَاثُ سَاعَاتٍ السَّاعَةُ الَّتِي يُعَايِنُ فِيهَا مَلَكَ الْمَوْتِ وَ السَّاعَةُ الَّتِي يَقُومُ فِيهَا مِنْ قَبْرِهِ وَ السَّاعَةُ الَّتِي يَقِفُ فِيهَا بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَإِمَّا إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ أَوْ إِلَى النَّارِ
And Zayn Al-Abideen-asws said: ‘The severest of times of a son of Adam-as are three times – the time during which he witnesses the Angel of death, and the time in which he will be rising from his grave, and the time in which he will be pausing in front of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic – either to the Paradise or to the Fire’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ ع إِنْ نَجَوْتَ يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ فَأَنْتَ أَنْتَ وَ إِلَّا هَلَكْتَ وَ إِنْ نَجَوْتَ يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ حِينَ تُوضَعُ فِي قَبْرِكَ فَأَنْتَ أَنْتَ وَ إِلَّا هَلَكْتَ وَ إِنْ نَجَوْتَ حِينَ يُحْمَلُ النَّاسُ عَلَى الصِّرَاطِ فَأَنْتَ أَنْتَ وَ إِلَّا هَلَكْتَ وَ إِنْ نَجَوْتَ حِينَ يَقُومُ النَّاسُ لِرَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ فَأَنْتَ أَنْتَ وَ إِلَّا هَلَكْتَ
Then he-asws said: ‘O son of Adam-as! If you were to survive at the death, then you are you, or else you are destroyed! O son of Adam-as! If you were to survive when you are placed in your grave, then you are you, or else you are destroyed! And if you were to survive when the people are carried upon the Bridge, then you are you, or else you are destroyed! And if you were to survive when the people stand to Lord-azwj of the worlds, then you are you, or else you are destroyed!’
ثُمَّ تَلَا وَ مِنْ وَرائِهِمْ بَرْزَخٌ إِلى يَوْمِ يُبْعَثُونَ قَالَ هُوَ الْقَبْرُ وَ إِنَّ لَهُمْ فِيهِ مَعِيشَةً ضَنْكاً وَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ الْقُبُورَ لَرَوْضَةٌ مِنْ رِيَاضِ الْجَنَّةِ أَوْ حُفْرَةٌ مِنْ حُفَرِ النَّارِ.
Then he-asws recited: And behind them is purgatory up to the Day they would be Resurrected [23:100]. He-asws said: ‘It is the grave, and there is a constricted life for them in it. By Allah-azwj! The graves are either gardens from the gardens of Paradise, or pits from pits of the Fire!’’[39]
وَ قَالَ ع الْقَبْرُ أَوَّلُ مَنْزِلٍ مِنْ مَنَازِلِ الْآخِرَةِ فَإِنْ نَجَا مِنْهُ فَمَا بَعْدَهُ أَيْسَرُ مِنْهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَنْجُ مِنْهُ فَمَا بَعْدَهُ شَرٌّ مِنْهُ.
And he-asws said: ‘The grave is the first station from stations of the Hereafter. If you survive from it, then what is after it is easier than it, and if you don’t survive from it, then what is after it is eviler than it’’.[40]
وَ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع مَنْ مَاتَ عَلَى مُوَالاتِنَا فِي غَيْبَةِ قَائِمِنَا أَعْطَاهُ اللَّهُ أَجْرَ أَلْفِ شَهِيدٍ مِثْلَ شُهَدَاءِ بَدْرٍ وَ أُحُدٍ.
And Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws said: ‘One who dies upon our-asws Wilayah during the occultation of our-asws Qaim-ajfj (rising one), Allah-azwj will Give him Rewards of a thousand martyrs like the martyrs of (battles of) Badr and Ohad’.
وَ قِيلَ لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع مَا شَأْنُكَ جَاوَرْتَ الْمَقْبَرَةَ
And it was said to Amir Al-Momineen-asws, ‘What is your-asws concern being next to the cemetery?’
فَقَالَ إِنِّي أَجِدُهُمْ جِيرَانَ صِدْقٍ يَكُفُّونَ السَّيِّئَةَ وَ يُذَكِّرُونَ الْآخِرَةَ.
He-asws said: ‘I-asws find them as true neighbours. They are refraining (me-asws) from the evil deeds and are reminding (me-asws) of the Hereafter’’.[41]
7- أَعْلَامُ الدِّينِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص قَالَ: النَّاسُ اثْنَانِ رَجُلٌ أَرَاحَ وَ آخَرُ اسْتَرَاحَ فَأَمَّا الَّذِي اسْتَرَاحَ فَالْمُؤْمِنُ اسْتَرَاحَ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا وَ نَصَبِهَا وَ أَفْضَى إِلَى رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ وَ كَرِيمِ ثَوَابِهِ وَ أَمَّا الَّذِي أَرَاحَ فَالْفَاجِرُ اسْتَرَاحَ مِنْهُ النَّاسُ وَ الشَّجَرُ وَ الدَّوَابُّ وَ أَفْضَى إِلَى مَا قَدَّمَ.
(The book) ‘A’lam Al-Deen’ –
‘From the Prophet-saww having said: ‘The people are two (types) – a man at rest, and the other, rested from. As for the one at rest, he is the Momin at rest from the world and its toil, and he arrives to Mercy of Allah-azwj and His-azwj Honourable Rewards; and as for the one rested from, it is the immoral. They are rested from him (at his death), the people, and the trees, and the animals, and he arrives to what he had sent ahead’’.[42]
8- كِتَابُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شُرَيْحٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ الْجُعْفِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ مَا مِنْ مُؤْمِنٍ يَحْضُرُهُ الْمَوْتُ إِلَّا رَأَى مُحَمَّداً وَ عَلِيّاً ع حَيْثُ تَقَرُّ عَيْنُهُ وَ لَا مُشْرِكٌ يَمُوتُ إِلَّا رَآهُمَا حَيْثُ يَسُوؤُهُ.
The book of Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Shureyh – from Humeyd Bin Shueyb, from Jabir Al Jufi who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘There is none from a Momin the death presents to, except he sees Muhammad-saww and Ali-asws whereby his eyes will be delighted, nor any Polytheist dying except he does see them-asws both whereby it will worsen him’’.[43]
9- مَجَالِسُ الصَّدُوقِ، وَ مَعَانِي الْأَخْبَارِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ عَنْ عَمِّهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع إِنَّ لِلْمَرْءِ الْمُسْلِمِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَخِلَّاءَ فَخَلِيلٌ يَقُولُ لَهُ أَنَا مَعَكَ حَيّاً وَ مَيِّتاً وَ هُوَ عَمَلُهُ وَ خَلِيلٌ يَقُولُ لَهُ أَنَا مَعَكَ حَتَّى تَمُوتَ وَ هُوَ مَالُهُ فَإِذَا مَاتَ صَارَ لِلْوَارِثِ وَ خَلِيلٌ يَقُولُ لَهُ أَنَا مَعَكَ إِلَى بَابِ قَبْرِكَ ثُمَّ أُخَلِّيكَ وَ هُوَ وَلَدُهُ.
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of Al Sadouq, and ‘Ma’any Al Akhbar’ – from Muhammad Bin Ali Majaylawiya, from his uncle Muhammad Bin Abu Al Qasim, from Haroun Bin Muslim, from Mas’ada Bin Ziyad,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Ali-asws said: ‘For the Muslims person there are three friends – a friend saying to him, ‘I will be with you alive and dead’, and it is his deed; and a friend saying to him, ‘I will be with you until you die’, and it is his wealth. When he dies it comes to be for the inheritors; and a friend saying to him, ‘I will be with you to the door of your grave, and I will leave you alone’, and it is his children’’.[44]
10- مَجَالِسُ الصَّدُوقِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ تَغْلِبَ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنْ مَاتَ بَيْنَ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْخَمِيسِ إِلَى زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَعَاذَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ ضَغْطَةِ الْقَبْرِ.
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of Al Sadouq – from Muhammad Bin Al-Hassan, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Al Barqy, from Ibn Abu Najran and Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Hammad, from Hareyz, from Aban Bin Taghlib,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws having said: ‘One from the Momineen who dies between the midday sun from the day of Thursday up to the midday sun from the day of Friday, Allah-azwj will Shelter him from compression of the grave’’.[45]
11- وَ مِنْهُ، وَ مِنَ الْعُيُونِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُقْدَةَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ: لَمَّا حَضَرَتِ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ الْوَفَاةُ بَكَى فَقِيلَ لَهُ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أَ تَبْكِي وَ مَكَانُكَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص الَّذِي أَنْتَ بِهِ وَ قَالَ فِيكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَا قَالَ فِيكَ وَ قَدْ حَجَجْتَ عِشْرِينَ حَجَّةً مَاشِياً وَ قَدْ قَاسَمْتَ رَبَّكَ مَالَكَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ حَتَّى النَّعْلَ وَ النَّعْلَ
And from him, and from ‘Al Uyoun’ – from Muhammad Bin Ibrahim Bin Is’haq, from Ibn Uqdah, from Ali Bin Al-Hassan Bin Fazal, from his father,
‘From Abu Al-Hassan Al-Reza-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘When the expiry presented to Al-Hassan-asws Bin Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, he-asws cried. It was said to him-asws, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! Why are you-asws crying, and your-asws position from Rasool-Allah-saww is which you-asws are with, and Rasool-Allah-saww said regarding you-asws what he-saww said regarding you-asws, and you-asws have performed Hajj twenty Hajj, and you-asws have distributed your-asws wealth three times to the extent of the slipper and the slipper?’
فَقَالَ ع إِنَّمَا أَبْكِي لِخَصْلَتَيْنِ لِهَوْلِ الْمُطَّلَعِ وَ فِرَاقِ الْأَحِبَّةِ.
He-asws said: ‘But rather, I-asws am crying for two matters – for the emerging horror and separation of the loved ones’’.[46]
12- الْعُيُونُ، بِالْأَسَانِيدِ الثَّلَاثَةِ عَنِ الرِّضَا عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ إِنَّكَ مَيِّتٌ وَ إِنَّهُمْ مَيِّتُونَ قُلْتُ يَا رَبِّ أَ يَمُوتُ الْخَلَائِقُ وَ يَبْقَى الْأَنْبِيَاءُ فَنَزَلَتْ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ذائِقَةُ الْمَوْتِ ثُمَّ إِلَيْنا تُرْجَعُونَ.
(The book) ‘Al-Uyoun’ – by the three chains from Al-Reza-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘When this Verse was Revealed: You shall pass away and they would be dying [39:30], I-saww said: ‘O Lord-azwj! Will the creatures be dying and the Prophets-as will remain?’ It was Revealed: Every soul shall taste the death, then to Us, you will be returning [29:57]’’.[47]
13- مَجَالِسُ ابْنِ الشَّيْخِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَشِيشٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ خَلَفٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْعَلَاءِ عَنْ مَكِّيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَيْسَ مَنْ مَاتَ فَاسْتَرَاحَ بِمَيِّتٍ إِنَّمَا الْمَيِّتُ مَيِّتُ الْأَحْيَاءِ.
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of Ibn Sheykh – from his father, from Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Hasheesh, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Abdul Al Wahhab, from Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Khalaf, from Al-Hassan Bin Al A’la, from Makky Ibn Ibrahim, from Ibn Jureyj, from Ata’a, from Ibn Abbas who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The one who died so he rests, isn’t dead, but rather the dead is the living dead’’.[48]
14- ثَوَابُ الْأَعْمَالِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ سَدِيرٍ الصَّيْرَفِيِّ قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَذَكَرُوا عِنْدَهُ الْمُؤْمِنَ فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَيَّ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا الْفَضْلِ أَ لَا أُحَدِّثُكَ بِحَالِ الْمُؤْمِنِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – from his father, from Abdullah Bin Ja’far Al Himeyri, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al-Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Sadeyr Al Sayrafi who said,
‘I was in the presence of Abu Abdullah-asws and they mentioned the Momin in his-asws presence. He-asws turned towards me. He-asws said: ‘O Abu Al-Fazl! Shall I-asws narrated to you the state of the Momin in the Presence of Allah-azwj?’
قُلْتُ بَلَى فَحَدِّثْنِي
I said, ‘Yes’. So, he-asws narrated to me.
قَالَ فَقَالَ إِذَا قَبَضَ اللَّهُ رُوحَ الْمُؤْمِنِ صَعِدَ مَلَكَاهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَقَالا رَبَّنَا عَبْدُكَ فُلَانٌ وَ نِعْمَ الْعَبْدُ كَانَ لَكَ سَرِيعاً فِي طَاعَتِكَ بَطِيئاً عَنْ مَعْصِيَتِكَ وَ قَدْ قَبَضْتَهُ إِلَيْكَ فَمَا ذَا تَأْمُرُنَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِ
He (the narrator) said, ‘He-asws said: ‘When Allah-azwj Captures the soul of a Momin, his two Angels ascend it to the sky. They say, ‘O our Lord-azwj! Your-azwj servant so and so, and he was a good servant. He was quick in obeying You-azwj, slow in disobeying You-azwj, and You-azwj have Captured him to You-azwj! So, what is that You-azwj are Commanding us (to do) from after him?’’
قَالَ فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ لَهُمَا اهْبِطَا إِلَى الدُّنْيَا وَ كُونَا عِنْدَ قَبْرِ عَبْدِي فَمَجِّدَانِي وَ سَبِّحَانِي وَ هَلِّلَانِي وَ كَبِّرَانِي وَ اكْتُبَا ذَلِكَ لِعَبْدِي حَتَّى أَبْعَثَهُ مِنْ قَبْرِهِ
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Says to them: ‘Go down to the world and be by the grave of My-azwj servant. Praise Me-azwj, and glorify Me-azwj, and extoll My-azwj Oneness and My-azwj Greatness, and write that as being for My-azwj servant until I-azwj Resurrect him from his grave!”’
ثُمَّ قَالَ أَ لَا أَزِيدُكَ
Then he-asws said: ‘Shall I-asws increase (for) you?’
فَقُلْتُ بَلَى فَزِدْنِي
I said, ‘Yes’. So, he-asws increased (for) me.
فَقَالَ إِذَا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ الْمُؤْمِنَ مِنْ قَبْرِهِ خَرَجَ مَعَهُ مِثَالٌ يَقْدُمُهُ أَمَامَهُ فَكُلَّمَا رَأَى الْمُؤْمِنُ هَوْلًا مِنْ أَهْوَالِ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ قَالَ لَهُ الْمِثَالُ لَا تَحْزَنْ وَ لَا تَفْزَعْ وَ أَبْشِرْ بِالسُّرُورِ وَ الْكَرَامَةِ مِنَ اللَّهِ
He-asws said: ‘When Allah-azwj Resurrects the Momin from his grave, a resemblance emerges with him preceding in front of him. Every time the Momin sees a horror from the horrors of the Day of Qiyamah, the resemblance says to him: ‘Neither grieve nor panic, and receive glad tidings with the happiness and the honours from Allah-azwj!’
فَمَا يَزَالُ يُبَشِّرُهُ بِالسُّرُورِ وَ الْكَرَامَةِ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حَتَّى يَقِفَ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ فَيُحَاسِبُهُ حِسَاباً يَسِيراً وَ يَأْمُرُ بِهِ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَ الْمِثَالُ أَمَامَهُ
It does not cease to give him glad tidings with the happiness and the honours from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic until he pauses in front of Allah-azwj, Majestic is His-azwj Majestic. He-azwj will Reckon him with an easy Reckoning and Command with him to the Paradise, and the resemblance will be in front of him.
فَيَقُولُ لَهُ الْمُؤْمِنُ رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ نِعْمَ الْخَارِجُ خَرَجْتَ مَعِي مِنْ قَبْرِي مَا زِلْتَ تُبَشِّرُنِي بِالسُّرُورِ وَ الْكَرَامَةِ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ ذَلِكَ فَمَنْ أَنْتَ
The Momin says to it, ‘May Allah-azwj Mercy you! You have been a good emerger emerging with me from my grave. You have not ceased to give me glad tidings with the happiness and the honours from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic until I saw that. Who are you?’
فَيَقُولُ لَهُ الْمِثَالُ أَنَا السُّرُورُ الَّذِي كُنْتَ تُدْخِلُهُ عَلَى أَخِيكَ الْمُؤْمِنِ فِي الدُّنْيَا خَلَقَنِيَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ لِأَسُرَّكَ.
The resemblance says to him, ‘I am the gladness which you had entered unto your Momin brother in the world. Allah-azwj Created me from it, to cheer you’’.[49]
15 مَجَالِسُ الْمُفِيدِ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قُولَوَيْهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ حَنَانِ بْنِ سَدِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ ذَكَرَ مِثْلَهُ.
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of Al Mufeed – from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Qawlawiyah, from his father, from sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al-Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Hanan Bin Sadeyr, from his father who said,
‘I was in the presence of Abu Abdullah-asws’ – and mentioned similar to it’’.[50]
16- مُنْتَهَى الْمَطْلَبِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص قَالَ: لَا يَتَمَنَّى أَحَدُكُمُ الْمَوْتَ لِضُرٍّ نَزَلَ بِهِ وَ لْيَقُلْ اللَّهُمَّ أَحْيِنِي مَا كَانَتِ الْحَيَاةُ خَيْراً لِي وَ تَوَفَّنِي إِذَا كَانَتِ الْوَفَاةُ خَيْراً لِي.
(The book) ‘Muntaha Al Matlab’ –
‘From the Prophet-saww having said: ‘Not one of you should wish for the death due to the harm which has befallen with him, and let him say, ‘O Allah-azwj! Make me live for as long as the life is good for me, and Make me die when the death were to be better for me’’.[51]
17- الْعُيُونُ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ يَاسِرٍ عَنِ الرِّضَا ع أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا رَجَعَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ مِنَ الْجَامِعِ وَ قَدْ أَصَابَهُ الْعَرَقُ وَ الْغُبَارُ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ وَ قَالَ- اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ فَرَجِي مِمَّا أَنَا فِيهِ بِالْمَوْتِ فَعَجِّلْهُ لِيَ السَّاعَةَ وَ لَمْ يَزَلْ مَغْمُوماً إِلَى أَنْ قُبِضَ.
(The book) ‘Al Uyoun’ – from Ahmad Bin Ziyad Al Hamdany, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Yasser,
‘From Al-Reza-asws, when he-asws was returning on the day of Friday from the congregational Salat, and he-asws had been hit by the sweating and the dust. He-asws raised his-asws hands, and said: ‘O Allah-azwj! If my-asws relief from what I-asws am in, is with the death, then Hasten the time for me-asws!’ – and he-asws did not cease to be gloomy up to he-asws passed away’’.[52]
بيان: يدل على جواز تمني الموت في بعض الأحوال و يحتمل أن يكون ذلك لإزالة وهم بعض الجاهلين الذين كانوا يظنون أنه ع مسرور بقرب المأمون راض بأفعاله متوقع لولاية عهده.
Explanation – It evidence’s upon the allowance of wishing for the death in some of the situations, and it is possible that would be for removing the delusions of the ignorant ones, those who were thinking that he-asws was happy with nearness of Al-Mamoun, satisfied with his actions, anticipating being the heir-apparent.
18- قُرْبُ الْإِسْنَادِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ جَمِيعاً عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ع يَقُولُ إِذَا مَاتَ الْمُؤْمِنُ بَكَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَ بِقَاعُ الْأَرْضِ الَّتِي كَانَ يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ عَلَيْهَا وَ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ الَّتِي كَانَ يَصْعَدُ بِأَعْمَالِهِ فِيهَا وَ ثُلِمَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ ثُلْمَةٌ لَا يَسُدُّهَا شَيْءٌ
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Isnaad’ – from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, and Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, Altogether from Al-Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Al Bin Ra’aib who said,
‘I heard Abu Al-Hassan Musa-asws saying: ‘When the Momin dies, there cry upon him, the Angels and the spot of the ground which he used to worship Allah-azwj upon, and the doors of the sky which his deeds were ascended with through these, and a gap cracks in Al-Islam, nothing can fill it’.
قَالَ لِأَنَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْفُقَهَاءَ حُصُونُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَحِصْنِ سُورِ الْمَدِينَةِ لَهَا.
He-asws said: ‘Because the Momineen are the jurists (understanding ones), are fortresses of the Muslims like the walls of the city are fortresses for it’’.[53]
19- مَجَالِسُ الْمُفِيدِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَالِكٍ النَّحْوِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْكَاتِبِ عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الرَّبَعِيَّ يَقُولُ حَدَّثَنَا الْأَصْمَعِيُ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ الْبَصْرَةَ فَبَيْنَا أَنَا أَمْشِي بِشَارِعِهَا إِذْ أَبْصَرْتُ بِجَارِيَةٍ أَحْسَنِ النَّاسِ وَجْهاً وَ إِذَا هِيَ كَالشَّنِّ الْبَالِي فَلَمْ أَزَلْ أَتْبَعُهَا وَ أَحْبِسُ نَفْسِي عَنْهَا حَتَّى انْتَهَتْ مِنَ الْمَقَابِرِ إِلَى قَبْرٍ فَجَلَسَتْ عِنْدَهُ
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of Al Mufeed – from Ali Bin Malik Al Nahwy, from Muhammad Bin Al Fazl the scribe, from Isa Bin Humeyd who said, ‘I heard Abu Abdullah Al Rabie saying, ‘It is narrated to us by Al Asmaie who said,
‘I entered Al-Basra. While I was walking in its streets when I saw a girl, most excellent of the people in faces, and there she was like a dried insect (thin). I did no cease to follow her and withheld myself from her until she ended to the graveyard, to a grave. She sat by it.
ثُمَّ أَنْشَأَتْ تَقُولُ بِصَوْتٍ مَا يَكَادُ يُبِينُ هَذَا وَ اللَّهِ الْمَسْكَنُ لَا مَا بِهِ نَغُرُّ أَنْفُسَنَا هَذَا وَ اللَّهِ الْمُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ الْأَحْبَابِ وَ الْمُقَرِّبُ مِنَ الْحِسَابِ وَ بِهِ عِرْفَانُ الرَّحْمَةِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ
Then she went on to say in a voice almost not clear, ‘This, by Allah-azwj, is the dwelling. There is nothing with it we can deceive ourselves with it. This, by Allah-azwj, is the separator between the loved ones, and the one drawing closer to the Reckoning, and by it is recognition of the Mercy from the Punishment.
يَا أَبَهْ فَسَحَ اللَّهُ فِي قَبْرِكَ وَ تَغَمَّدَكَ بِمَا تَغَمَّدَ بِهِ نَبِيَّكَ أَمَا إِنِّي لَا أَقُولُ خِلَافَ مَا أَعْلَمُ كُنْتُ عِلْمِي بِكَ جَوَاداً إِذَا أُتِيتَ أُتِيتَ وِسَاداً وَ إِذَا اعْتُمِدْتَ وُجِدْتَ عِمَاداً
O father! May Allah-azwj Expand in your grave and Cover you with what He-azwj has Covered His-azwj Prophet-saww. As for me, I am not saying differently to what I know. My knowledge with you is you were generous. When I came, I came to a support, and when I relied, I found a pillar’.
ثُمَّ قَالَتْ-
| يَا لَيْتَ شِعْرِي كَيْفَ غَيَّرَكَ الْبِلَى- | أَمْ كَيْفَ صَارَ جَمَالُ وَجْهِكَ فِي الثَّرَى- | |
| لِلَّهِ دَرُّكَ أَيَّ كَهْلٍ غَيَّبُوا- | تَحْتَ الْجَنَادِلِ لَا تُحَسُّ وَ لَا تُرَى- | |
| لُبّاً وَ حِلْماً بَعْدَ حَزْمٍ زَانَهُ- | بَأْسٌ وَ جُودٌ حِينَ يُطْرَقُ لِلْقِرَى- | |
| لَمَّا نُقِلْتَ إِلَى الْمَقَابِرِ وَ الْبِلَى- | دَنَتِ الْهُمُومُ فَغَابَ عَنْ عَيْنِي الْكِرَى. |
Then she said, ‘If only I was aware how the decay has changed you, or how the beauty of your face has come to be in the soil. For Allah-azwj is the realisation (coming across) of whichever old (person) has disappeared beneath the graves, neither been sensed nor seen. With a heart full of patience and dreams, adorned with determination and generosity when reaching villages, When I was transported to the graves and afflictions, Sorrows approached, and the unpleasantness disappeared from my sight’’.[54]
20- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ بَابَوَيْهِ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع قَالَ: أَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَى عِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ ع يَا عِيسَى هَبْ لِي مِنْ عَيْنِكَ الدُّمُوعَ وَ مِنْ قَلْبِكَ الْخُشُوعَ وَ اكْحُلْ عَيْنَكَ بِمِيلِ الْحُزْنِ إِذَا ضَحِكَ الْبَطَّالُونَ وَ قُمْ عَلَى قُبُورِ الْأَمْوَاتِ فَنَادِهِمْ بِالصَّوْتِ الرَّفِيعِ لَعَلَّكَ تَأْخُذُ مَوْعِظَتَكَ مِنْهُمْ وَ قُلْ إِنِّي لَاحِقٌ بِهِمْ فِي اللَّاحِقِينَ.
And from it, from Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Al Husayn Bin Babuwayh, may Allah-azwj have Mercy on him, from Muhammad Bin Al-Hassan Bin Al Waleed, from Muhammad Bin Al-Hassan Al Saffar, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn Bin Abu Al Khattab, from Ali Bin Asbaat, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from Abu Baseer,
‘From Abu Abdullah Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj the Exalted Revealed to Isa-asws Ibn Maryam-as: “O Isa-as! Gift to Me-azwj the tears from you-as and the humbleness from your-as heart, and line your-as eyes with the needle of grief when the falsifiers laugh, and stand at the graves of the dead and call out to them at the top of your-as voice, perhaps you‑as will take your-as preaching from them, and say: ‘I-as shall be joining with them among the joining ones’’.[55]
21- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ عَنْ عَمِّهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْمَوْتُ كَفَّارَةٌ لِذُنُوبِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ.
And from him, from Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Al Husayn, from Muhammad Bin Ali Majaylawiya, from his uncle Muhammad Bin Abu Al Qasim, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Muhammad Bin Atiyya,
‘From Abu Abdullah Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The death is an atonement for the sins of the Momineen’’.[56]
22- أَعْلَامُ الدِّينِ، لِلدَّيْلَمِيِ فِيمَا أَوْصَى لُقْمَانُ ابْنَهُ اعْلَمْ يَا بُنَيَّ أَنَّ الْمَوْتَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِ كَنَوْمَةٍ نَامَهَا وَ بَعْثَهُ كَانْتِبَاهِهِ مِنْهَا.
(The book) ‘A’lam Al Deen’ –
‘Among what Luqman-as had bequeathed to his-as son: ‘Know, O my-as son! The death upon the Momin is like a sleep of a sleeping one sleeping it, and his Resurrection like his waking up suddenly from it’’.[57]
23- نَوَادِرُ الرَّاوَنْدِيِّ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَا مِنْ مُؤْمِنٍ يَمُوتُ فِي غُرْبَتِهِ إِلَّا بَكَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ رَحْمَةً لَهُ حَيْثُ قَلَّتْ بَوَاكِيهِ وَ فُسِحَ لَهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ بِنُورٍ يَتَلَأْلَأُ مِنْ حَيْثُ دُفِنَ إِلَى مَسْقَطِ رَأْسِهِ.
(The book) ‘Nawadir’ of Al Rawandy – by his chain,
‘From Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah‑saww said: ‘There is no Momin dying in his estrangement except the Angels cry upon him out of mercy for him when there is a lack of his mourners, and there is an expansion for him in his grave with shining light from where he is buried up to his hometown’’.[58]
وَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْمَوْتُ رَيْحَانَةُ الْمُؤْمِنِ.
And by this chain, said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The death is an aroma of the Momin’’.[59]
24- كِتَابُ الصِّفِّينِ، لِنَصْرِ بْنِ مُزَاحِمٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ جُنْدَبٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا رَجَعَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع مِنْ صِفِّينَ وَ جَازَ دُورَ بَنِي عَوْفٍ وَ كُنَّا مَعَهُ إِذَا نَحْنُ عَنْ أَيْمَانِنَا بِقُبُورٍ سَبْعَةٍ أَوْ ثَمَانِيَةٍ فَقَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع مَا هَذِهِ الْقُبُورُ
(The book) ‘Kitab Al Siffeen’ of Nasr Bin Muzahim, from Umar Bin Sa’ad, from Abdul Rahman Bin Jundab who said,
‘When Amir Al-Momineen-asws returned from Siffeen and crossed the houses of the clan of Awf, and we were with him-asws, there were seven or eight graves on our right. Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘What are these graves?’
فَقَالَ لَهُ قُدَامَةُ بْنُ الْعَجْلَانِ الْأَزْدِيُّ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنَّ خَبَّابَ بْنَ الْأَرَتِّ تُوُفِّيَ بَعْدَ مَخْرَجِكَ فَأَوْصَى أَنْ يُدْفَنَ فِي الظَّهْرِ وَ كَانَ النَّاسُ يُدْفَنُونَ فِي دُورِهِمْ وَ أَفْنِيَتِهِمْ فَدُفِنَ النَّاسُ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ
Qudamah Bin Al-Ajlan Al-Azdy said, ‘O Amir Al-Momineen-asws! Khabbab Bin Al-Ars died after your-asws going out, so he bequeathed to be buried in the outback, and that the people were being buried in their houses and their courtyards, so the people were then buried to his side’.
فَقَالَ ع رَحِمَ اللَّهُ خَبَّاباً فَقَدْ أَسْلَمَ رَاغِباً وَ هَاجَرَ طَائِعاً وَ عَاشَ مُجَاهِداً وَ ابْتُلِيَ فِي جَسَدِهِ أَحْوَالًا وَ لَنْ يُضِيعَ اللَّهُ أَجْرَ مَنْ أَحْسَنَ عَمَلًا
He-asws said: ‘May Allah-azwj Mercy Khabbab. He had become a Muslim desirously, and emigrated willingly, and lived as a Holy warrior, and was afflicted in his body in situations, and Allah-azwj never Wastes Recompense of the one who does good deeds!’
فَجَاءَ حَتَّى وَقَفَ عَلَيْهِمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ يَا أَهْلَ الدِّيَارِ الْمُوحِشَةِ وَ الْمَحَالِّ الْمُقْفِرَةِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ الْمُسْلِمَاتِ أَنْتُمْ لَنَا سَلَفٌ وَ فَرَطٌ وَ نَحْنُ لَكُمْ تَبَعٌ وَ بِكُمْ عَمَّا قَلِيلٍ لَاحِقُونَ- اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَ لَهُمْ وَ تَجَاوَزْ عَنَّا وَ عَنْهُمْ
He-asws came until he-asws paused at them, then said: ‘The greetings be unto you all, O people of the lonely houses, and the desolate premises, from the believing men and the believing women, and the Muslim men and the Muslim women. You are ancestors of ours and have preceded, and we are following and after a little while will be joining up. O Allah-azwj! Forgive (sins) for us and them and Overlook (sins) from us and them!’
ثُمَّ قَالَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي جَعَلَ الْأَرْضَ كِفاتاً أَحْياءً وَ أَمْواتاً الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي مِنْهَا خَلَقَنَا وَ فِيهَا يُعِيدُنَا وَ عَلَيْهَا يَحْشُرُنَا طُوبَى لِمَنْ ذَكَرَ الْمَعَادَ وَ عَمِلَ لِلْحِسَابِ وَ قَنِعَ بِالْكَفَافِ وَ رَضِيَ عَنِ اللَّهِ بِذَلِكَ.
Then he-asws said: ‘The Praise is for Allah-azwj Who Made the earth a receptacle for the living and the dead! The Praise is for Allah-azwj Whom Created us from it, and He-azwj Returns us in it, and will be Resurrecting us upon it! Beatitude is for the one who remembers the Hereafter and works for the Reckoning, and is contented with the sufficient, and is Satisfied from Allah‑azwj with that’’.[60]
25- نَهْجُ الْبَلَاغَةِ، قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع وَ قَدْ رَجَعَ مِنْ صِفِّينَ فَأَشْرَفَ عَلَى الْقُبُورِ بِظَاهِرِ الْكُوفَةِ يَا أَهْلَ الدِّيَارِ الْمُوحِشَةِ وَ الْمَحَالِّ الْمُقْفِرَةِ وَ الْقُبُورِ الْمُظْلِمَةِ يَا أَهْلَ التُّرْبَةِ يَا أَهْلَ الْغُرْبَةِ يَا أَهْلَ الْوَحْدَةِ يَا أَهْلَ الْوَحْشَةِ أَنْتُمْ لَنَا فَرَطٌ سَابِقٌ وَ نَحْنُ لَكُمْ تَبَعٌ لَاحِقٌ
(The book) ‘Nahj Al Balagah’ –
‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said, and he-asws was returning from Siffeen, and he-asws overlooked upon the graves at the outback of Al-Kufa: ‘O people of the lonely houses, and the desolate places, the dark graves! O people of the soil! O people of the alienation! O people of the loneliness! You are lost to us having preceded, and we are following you to join up.
أَمَّا الدُّورُ فَقَدْ سُكِنَتْ وَ أَمَّا الْأَزْوَاجُ فَقَدْ نُكِحَتْ وَ أَمَّا الْأَمْوَالُ فَقَدْ قُسِمَتْ هَذَا خَبَرُ مَا عِنْدَنَا فَمَا خَبَرُ مَا عِنْدَكُمْ
As for the houses, so they are being dwelt in (by others), and as for the spouses, they have (are) married, and as for the wealth, it has been distributed. This is a piece of news of what is with us. So, so what is the news of what is with you?’
ثُمَّ الْتَفَتَ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ فَقَالَ أَمَا لَوْ أُذِنَ لَهُمْ فِي الْكَلَامِ لَأَخْبَرُوكُمْ إِنَ خَيْرَ الزَّادِ التَّقْوى.
Then he–asws turned towards his–asws companions and said: ‘But, had there been permission for them to talk, they would inform you that the best provision is the piety [2:197]’’.[61]
وَ قَالَ ع إِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَلَكاً يُنَادِي فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ لِدُوا لِلْمَوْتِ وَ اجْمَعُوا لِلْفَنَاءِ وَ ابْنُوا لِلْخَرَابِ.
And he-asws said: ‘For Allah-azwj there is an Angel calling out during every day, ‘Beget for the death, and amass for the perishing, and build for the ruination!’’[62]
وَ قَالَ ع الْهَمُّ نِصْفُ الْهَرَمِ.
And he-asws said: ‘The worries are half the old age’’.[63]
وَ قَالَ ع فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَى الْحَارِثِ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ أَكْثِرْ ذِكْرَ الْمَوْتِ وَ مَا بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ وَ لَا تَتَمَنَّ الْمَوْتَ إِلَّا بِشَرْطٍ وَثِيقٍ.
And he-asws said among what he-asws wrote to Al-Haris Al-Hamdany: ‘And frequent in remembering the death and what is after the death, and do not wish for the death except with a solid stipulation’’.[64]
26- كِتَابُ الْغَارَاتِ، لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ نُبَاتَةَ قَالَ: كَتَبَ صَاحِبُ الرُّومِ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ مَسَائِلَ عَجَزَ عَنْهَا فَبَعَثَ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع مَنْ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْهَا فَكَانَ فِيمَا سَأَلَهُ أَيْنَ تَأْوِي أَرْوَاحُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ أَيْنَ تَأْوِي أَرْوَاحُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ
(The book) ‘Kitab Al Gharaat’ of Ibrahim Bin Muhammad Al Saqafi, by his chain from Ibn Nubata who said,
‘The governor of Rome wrote to Muawiya asking him about issues. He was frustrated from these, so he sent someone to Amir Al-Momineen-asws to ask him-asws regarding what he had been asked about, ‘Where do souls of the Muslims shelter to, and where do souls of the Polytheists shelter to?’
فَقَالَ ع تَأْوِي أَرْوَاحُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَيْناً فِي الْجَنَّةِ تُسَمَّى سَلْمَى وَ تَأْوِي أَرْوَاحُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فِي جُبٍّ فِي النَّارِ يُسَمَّى بَرَهُوتَ الْخَبَرَ.
He-asws said: ‘Souls of the Muslims shelter to a spring in the Paradise named as ‘Salma’, and souls of the Polytheists shelter in a pit in the Fire named as ‘Barhout’’ – the Hadeeth’’.[65]
27- تَفْسِيرُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ: إِنَّ حَنْظَلَةَ بْنَ أَبِي عَامِرٍ تَزَوَّجَ فِي اللَّيْلَةِ الَّتِي كَانَ فِي صَبِيحَتِهَا حَرْبُ أُحُدٍ فَاسْتَأْذَنَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص أَنْ يُقِيمَ عِنْدَ أَهْلِهِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ- فَإِذَا اسْتَأْذَنُوكَ لِبَعْضِ شَأْنِهِمْ فَأْذَنْ لِمَنْ شِئْتَ مِنْهُمْ
Tafseer of Ali Bin Ibrahim –
‘He said, ‘Hanzala Bin Aamir got married during the night before the morning of the battle of Ohad. Rasool-Allah-saww permitted that he can stay with his wife. Allah-azwj Revealed: So when they seek your permission for some of their occupations, then give permission to ones you like to from them [24:62].
فَأَقَامَ عِنْدَ أَهْلِهِ ثُمَّ أَصْبَحَ وَ هُوَ جُنُبٌ فَحَضَرَ الْقِتَالَ فَاسْتُشْهِدَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص رَأَيْتُ الْمَلَائِكَةَ تُغَسِّلُ حَنْظَلَةَ بِمَاءِ الْمُزْنِ فِي صِحَافِ فِضَّةٍ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَ الْأَرْضِ فَكَانَ يُسَمَّى غَسِيلَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ.
He stayed with his wife. Then in the morning he was with sexual impurity. He presented for the battle. Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘I-saww saw the Angels washing Hanzala with rain water in a silver washbasin between the sky and the earth’. So, he was named as ‘One washed by the Angels’’.[66]
28- كَنْزُ الْكَرَاجُكِيِّ، رُوِيَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ مَكْتُوباً يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ- لَا تَشْتَهِي تَمُوتُ حَتَّى تَتُوبَ وَ أَنْتَ لَا تَتُوبُ حَتَّى تَمُوتَ.
(The book) ‘Kanz’ of Al Karajaki –
‘It is reported that it was written in the Torah: ‘O son of Adam-as! Do not yearn to die until you have repented, and you will not be repenting until you die’’.[67]
وَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع مَنْ أَكْثَرَ ذِكْرَ الْمَوْتِ رَضِيَ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا بِالْيَسِيرِ
And Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘One who frequents remembering the death will be satisfied with the little from the world’.
وَ قِيلَ إِنَّ مِنْ عَجَائِبِ الدُّنْيَا أَنَّكَ تَبْكِي عَلَى مَنْ تَدْفِنُهُ وَ تَطْرَحُ التُّرَابَ عَلَى وَجْهِ مَنْ تُكْرِمُهُ.
And it is said: ‘From surprises of the world, you are crying upon the one you have buried, and you are dropping the soil upon the face of the one you had honoured’’.[68]
وَ مِنْهُ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع مَوْتُ الْأَبْرَارِ رَاحَةٌ لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ وَ مَوْتُ الْفُجَّارِ رَاحَةٌ لِلْعَالَمِ.
And from him, said, ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘Death of the righteous ones is a comfort for themselves, and death of the immoral is a comfort for the world’’.[69]
وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَا مِنْ مُؤْمِنٍ إِلَّا وَ لَهُ بَابٌ يَصْعَدُ مِنْهُ عَمَلُهُ وَ يَنْزِلُ مِنْهُ رِزْقُهُ فَإِذَا مَاتَ بَكَيَا عَلَيْهِ وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ فَما بَكَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّماءُ وَ الْأَرْضُ وَ ما كانُوا مُنْظَرِينَ.
And it is reported from Rasool-Allah-saww having said: ‘There is no Momin except and for him is a door his deeds ascend from it and his sustenance descends from it. When he dies, these (two doors) cry upon him, and that is the Word of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: So the sky and the earth did not weep upon them, nor were they Respited [44:29]’’.[70]
29- عُدَّةُ الدَّاعِي، عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع قَالَ: إِذَا مَاتَ الْمُؤْمِنُ صَعِدَ مَلَكَاهُ فَقَالا يَا رَبَّنَا أَمَتَّ فُلَاناً
(The book) ‘Uddat Al Daie’ –
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws having said: ‘When the Momin dies, his two Angels ascend. They said, ‘Our Lord-azwj! You-azwj Caused so and so to die’.
فَيَقُولُ انْزِلَا فَصَلِّيَا عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَ قَبْرِهِ وَ هَلِّلَانِي وَ كَبِّرَانِي وَ اكْتُبَا مَا تَعْمَلَانِ لَهُ.
He-azwj Says: “Descend and send Salawaat upon him by his grave, and extol My-azwj Oneness, and My-azwj Greatness, and write whatever you are doing as being for him!”’[71]
30- أَعْلَامُ الدِّينِ، لِلدَّيْلَمِيِّ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَا مِنْ بَيْتٍ إِلَّا وَ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ يَقِفُ عَلَى بَابِهِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ فَإِذَا وَجَدَ الْإِنْسَانَ قَدْ نَفِدَ أَجَلُهُ وَ انْقَطَعَ أُكُلُهُ أَلْقَى عَلَيْهِ الْمَوْتَ فَغَشِيَتْهُ كُرُبَاتُهُ وَ غَمَرَتْهُ غَمَرَاتُهُ
(The book) ‘A’lam Al Deen’ of Al Daylami – from Al Zuhry, from Anas (well known fabricator) who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘There is none from a house except and the Angel of death pauses at its door five times every day. When he finds the person to have depleted his term and his eating is cut off, casts the death upon him. His distress overwhelms him, and his grief immerses him.
فَمِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ النَّاشِرَةُ شَعْرَهَا وَ الضَّارِبَةُ وَجْهَهَا الصَّارِخَةُ بِوَيْلِهَا الْبَاكِيَةُ بِشَجْوِهَا
From his family members is a woman who spreads her hair, and the striker of her face, the shouter with her woe, the crier with her grief.
فَيَقُولُ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ وَيْلَكُمْ مِمَّ الْفَزَعُ وَ فِيمَ الْجَزَعُ وَ اللَّهِ مَا أَذْهَبْتُ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْكُمْ مَالًا وَ لَا قَرَّبْتُ لَهُ أَجَلًا وَ لَا أَتَيْتُهُ حَتَّى أُمِرْتُ وَ لَا قَبَضْتُ رُوحَهُ حَتَّى اسْتُؤْمِرْتُ وَ إِنَّ لِي إِلَيْكُمْ عَوْدَةً ثُمَّ عَوْدَةً حَتَّى لَا أُبْقِيَ مِنْكُمْ أَحَداً
The Angel of death says: ‘Woe be unto you all! What is the panic from, and regarding what is the panic? By Allah-azwj! I have neither gone away with any wealth from you, nor did I bring draw his death nearer, nor did I come to him until I was Commanded, nor did I capture his soul until I had been Instructed to, and there is a return for me to you all, then a return, until there does not remain anyone from you!’’
ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ الَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَوْ يَرَوْنَ مَكَانَهُ وَ يَسْمَعُونَ كَلَامَهُ لَذَهِلُوا عَنْ مَيِّتِهِمْ وَ بَكَوْا عَلَى نُفُوسِهِمْ
Then Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘By the One-azwj in Whose Hand is my-saww soul! If they could see his position, and hear his speech, they would be amazed about their deceased, and they would have cried upon their own selves.
حَتَّى إِذَا حُمِلَ الْمَيِّتُ عَلَى نَعْشِهِ رَفْرَفَ رُوحُهُ فَوْقَ النَّعْشِ وَ هُوَ يُنَادِي يَا أَهْلِي وَ وُلْدِي- لَا تَلْعَبَنَّ بِكُمُ الدُّنْيَا كَمَا لَعِبَتْ بِي جَمَعْتُهُ مِنْ حِلِّهِ وَ مِنْ غَيْرِ حِلِّهِ وَ خَلَّفْتُهُ لِغَيْرِي وَ الْمَهْنَأُ لَهُ وَ التَّبِعَاتُ عَلَيَّ فَاحْذَرُوا مِنْ مِثْلِ مَا نَزَلَ بِي.
Until when the deceased is carried upon his bier, his soul flutters above the bier and he calls out, ‘O my family and my children! Do not let the world play with you like what it had played with me! I had amassed it from its Permissible means and from its non-Permissible means, and I have (now) left it behind for someone else, and the congratulations are to him and the exhaustion is upon me. Therefore, be careful from the likes of what has befallen with me!’’[72]
وَ عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: تَلَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ وَ نُفِخَ فِي الصُّورِ فَصَعِقَ مَنْ فِي السَّماواتِ وَ مَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ إِلَّا مَنْ شاءَ اللَّهُ
And from Anas (a well-known fabricator) who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww recited this Verse: And the Trumpet would be Blown into, and the ones in the skies and the ones in the earth will swoon (collapse), except for the ones Allah so Desires (not to swoon). [39:68].
قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ اسْتَثْنَى اللَّهُ
They said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! Who are they, those whom Allah-azwj has Excluded?’
قَالَ ص جَبْرَئِيلُ وَ مِيكَائِيلُ وَ إِسْرَافِيلُ وَ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ فَإِذَا قَبَضَ اللَّهُ أَرْوَاحَ الْخَلَائِقِ قَالَ يَا مَلَكَ الْمَوْتِ مَنْ بَقِيَ
He-saww said: ‘Jibraeel-as, and Mikaeel-as, and Israfeel-as, and the Angel of death. When He-azwj has Captured souls the creatures, He-azwj will Say: “O Angel of death! Who remains?”
قَالَ يَقُولُ سُبْحَانَكَ رَبِّي تَبَارَكْتَ رَبِّي وَ تَعَالَيْتَ رَبِّي ذَا الْجَلَالِ وَ الْإِكْرَامِ بَقِيَ جَبْرَائِيلُ وَ مِيكَائِيلُ وَ إِسْرَافِيلُ وَ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ
He-saww said, ‘He-as will say: ‘Glory be to You-azwj my-as Lord-azwj! Blessed is my-as Lord-azwj and Exalted is my-as Lord-azwj, with the Majesty and the Honour! There remain Jibraeel-as and Mikaeel-as, and Israfeel-as, and the Angel of death!’
قَالَ فَيَقُولُ خُذْ نَفْسَ إِسْرَافِيلَ فَيَأْخُذُ نَفْسَ إِسْرَافِيلَ
He-saww said: ‘He-azwj will Say: “Take the soul of Israfeel-as!” So, he-as will take the soul of Israfeel’.
قَالَ فَيَقُولُ يَا مَلَكَ الْمَوْتِ مَنْ بَقِيَ
He-saww said: ‘He-azwj will Say: “O Angel of death! Who remains?”
قَالَ فَيَقُولُ سُبْحَانَكَ رَبِّي تَبَارَكْتَ وَ تَعَالَيْتَ رَبِّي ذَا الْجَلَالِ وَ الْإِكْرَامِ بَقِيَ جَبْرَائِيلُ وَ مِيكَائِيلُ وَ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ
He-saww said: ‘He-as will say: ‘Glory be to You-azwj my-as Lord-azwj! Blessed, and Exalted is my-as Lord-azwj with the Majesty and the Honour! There remains Jibraeel-as and Mikaeel-as, and the Angel of death!’’
قَالَ فَيَقُولُ خُذْ نَفْسَ مِيكَائِيلَ
He-saww said: ‘He-azwj will Say: “Take the soul of Mikaeel-as!”’
قَالَ فَيَأْخُذُ نَفْسَ مِيكَائِيلَ فَيَقَعُ كَالطَّوْدِ الْعَظِيمِ فَيَقُولُ يَا مَلَكَ الْمَوْتِ مَنْ بَقِيَ
He-saww said: ‘So he-as will take the souls of Mikaeel-as. He-as will fall like the mighty mountain. He-azwj will Say: “O Angel of death! Who remains?”
فَيَقُولُ تَبَارَكْتَ رَبِّي وَ تَعَالَيْتَ بَقِيَ جَبْرَئِيلُ وَ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ
He-as will say: ‘Blessed is my-as Lord-azwj, and Exalted! There remains Jibraeel-as and the Angel of death’’.
قَالَ فَيَقُولُ مُتْ يَا مَلَكَ الْمَوْتِ فَيَمُوتُ
He-saww said: ‘He-azwj will Say: “Die, O Angel of death!’ So he-as will die’.
قَالَ فَيَقُولُ يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ مَنْ بَقِيَ
He-saww said: ‘He-azwj will Say: “O Jibraeel-as! Who remains?’
فَيَقُولُ تَبَارَكْتَ رَبِّي وَ تَعَالَيْتَ ذَا الْجَلَالِ وَ الْإِكْرَامِ وَجْهُكَ الْبَاقِي الدَّائِمُ وَ جَبْرَئِيلُ الْمَيِّتُ الْفَانِي
He-as will Say: “Blessed is my-as Lord-azwj and Exalted, with the Majestic and the Honour! Your‑azwj Face, is the lasting, the permanent, and Jibraeel-as is the dying, the perishable!’
قَالَ يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ لَا بُدَّ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ
He-azwj will Say: “O Jibraeel-as! There is no escape from the death!”
فَيَخِرُّ سَاجِداً فَيَخْفِقُ بِجَنَاحَيْهِ فَيَقُولُ سُبْحَانَكَ رَبِّي تَبَارَكْتَ وَ تَعَالَيْتَ ذَا الْجَلَالِ وَ الْإِكْرَامِ
He-as will fall in Sajdah and flap with his-as wings. He-as will say: ‘Glory be to You-azwj, my-as Lord‑azwj Blessed and Exalted, with the Majesty and the Honour!’’
ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ يَمُوتُ جَبْرَئِيلُ وَ هُوَ آخِرُ مَنْ يَمُوتُ مِنْ خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ.
Then Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘During that, Jibraeel-as will be dying, and he-as is the last one to be dying from the creation of the skies and the earth’’.[73]
31- إِخْتِيَارُ ابْنِ الْبَاقِي، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع قَالَ: مَرَّ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع بِالْمَقْبَرَةِ وَ يُرْوَى بِالْمَقَابِرِ فَقَالَ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ يَا أَهْلَ الْمَقْبَرَةِ وَ التُّرْبَةِ اعْلَمُوا أَنَّ الْمَنَازِلَ بَعْدَكُمْ قَدْ سُكِنَتْ وَ أَنَّ الْأَمْوَالَ بَعْدَكُمْ قَدْ قُسِمَتْ وَ أَنَّ الْأَزْوَاجَ بَعْدَكُمْ قَدْ نُكِحَتْ فَهَذَا خَبَرُ مَا عِنْدَنَا فَمَا خَبَرُ مَا عِنْدَكُمْ
(The book) ‘Ikhtiyar’ of Ibn Al-Baqi,
‘From Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws passed by the graveyard’ – (and it is reported, some graves) – He-asws said: ‘The greetings be unto you all, O people of the graveyard and the soil! Know that the after you the houses have been settled in, and after you the wealth has been distributed, and after you the wives have been married. This is the news of what is with us, so what is the news with you?’
فَأَجَابَهُ هَاتِفٌ مِنَ الْمَقَابِرِ نَسْمَعُ صَوْتَهُ وَ لَا نَرَى شَخْصَهُ عَلَيْكَ السَّلَامُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَ بَرَكَاتُهُ أَمَّا خَبَرُ مَا عِنْدَنَا فَقَدْ وَجَدْنَا مَا وُعِدْنَاهُ وَ رَبِحْنَا مَا قَدَّمْنَاهُ وَ خَسِرْنَا مَا خَلَّفْنَاهُ
A caller from the graves answered him-asws, we heard his voice and we could not see his person, ‘The greetings be to you-asws, O Amir Al-Momineen-asws, and Mercy of Allah-azwj and His-azwj Blessings! As for news of what is with us, we have found what we had been promised, and we profited with what we had sent ahead, and we incurred loss what we had left behind!’
فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ فَقَالَ أَ سَمِعْتُمْ
He-asws turned towards his-asws companions. He-asws said: ‘Did you hear?’
قَالُوا نَعَمْ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
They said, ‘Yes, Amir Al-Momineen-asws’.
قَالَ فَ تَزَوَّدُوا فَإِنَّ خَيْرَ الزَّادِ التَّقْوى.
He-asws said: ‘So, provide (for yourselves), for the best provision is the piety, [2:197]’’.[74]
32- تَفْسِيرُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى قُلْ كُونُوا حِجارَةً أَوْ حَدِيداً- أَوْ خَلْقاً مِمَّا يَكْبُرُ فِي صُدُورِكُمْ قَالَ الْخَلْقُ الَّذِي يَكْبُرُ فِي صُدُورِكُمْ الْمَوْتُ.
Tafseer Ali Bin Ibrahim – In a report of Abu Al Jaroud,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws regarding Words of the Exalted: Say: ‘(Even if you) become stones or iron [17:50] Or any creature from what you are conceiving of in your chests [17:51]. He-asws said: ‘The ‘creature’ which you are conceiving in your chests is the death’’.[75]
كتاب الصلاة
THE BOOK OF SALAT
[أبواب فضلها و عللها و أنواعها و أوقاتها]
CHAPTERS ON ITS MERITS, AND ITS REASONS, AND ITS TYPES, AND ITS TIMINGS
باب 1 فضل الصلاة و عقاب تاركها
CHAPTER 1 – MERIT OF THE SALAT AND PUNISHMENT OF ITS NEGLECTER
تفسير
Interpretation (Ahadeeth only)
روي أن رسول الله ص كان إذا حزبه أمر فزع إلى الصلاة.
It is reported that Rasool-Allah-saww, whenever a matter was severe, he-saww would rush to (pray) the Salat.
و في تفسير الإمام ع اسْتَعِينُوا بِالصَّبْرِ عن الحرام على تأدية الأمانات و عن الرئاسات الباطلة و على الاعتراف بالحق و استحقاق الغفران و الرضوان و نعيم الجنان و بالصلوات الخمس وَ الصَّلاةِ على النبي و آله الطاهرين على قرب الوصول إلى جنات النعيم.
And in Tafseer of the Imam (Hassan Al-Askari-asws): ‘And seek Assistance through the patience – from the Prohibitions, upon fulfilling the entrustment, and from the false government, and upon acknowledging the truth, and be deserving of the Forgiveness and the Satisfaction (of Allah-azwj), and the bounties of the gardens, and with the five (daily) Salats – and the Salat, [2:45] – (the Salawaat) upon the Prophet-saww and his-saww Purified Progeny-asws, upon drawing closer to the arrival to the blissful gardens’’.
و في تفسير الإمام ع أن هذه الفعلة من الصلوات الخمس و الصلاة على محمد و آله مع الانقياد لأوامرهم و الإيمان بسرهم و علانيتهم و ترك معارضتهم بلم و كيف.
And in Tafseer of the Imam (Hassan Al-Askari-asws): ‘These actions from the five (daily) Salats, and the Salawaat upon Muhammad-saww and his-saww Progeny-asws, with the submission to their-asws orders, and the believe in their-asws secrets and their-asws announcements, and leaving disobeying them-asws with (asking) ‘Why’, and ‘How’’.
قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص جُعِلَتْ قُرَّةُ عَيْنِي فِي الصَّلَاةِ وَ كَانَ يَقُولُ أَرِحْنَا يَا بِلَالُ.
The Prophet-saww said: ‘The delight of my-saww eyes has been Made to be in the Salat’, and he‑saww had said: ‘Give us rest, O Bilal-asws!’ (i.e., proclaim Azaan for Salat)’’.
فِي التَّوْحِيدِ وَ الْإِحْتِجَاجِ وَ تَفْسِيرِ الْعَيَّاشِيِ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَنَّ الْمَعْنَى يُوقِنُونَ أَنَّهُمْ يُبْعَثُونَ وَ الظَّنُّ مِنْهُمْ يَقِينٌ
In (the books) ‘Al-Tawheed’, and ‘Al-Ihtijaj’, and ‘Tafseer Al-Ayyashi’ – from Amir Al-Momineen-asws regarding (Those who are thinking that they would be meeting their Lord, and they would be returning to Him [2:46]: ‘The meaning of ‘they are certain’, they will be Resurrected, and the thinking from them is certainty’.
وَ قَالَ ص اللِّقَاءُ الْبَعْثُ وَ الظَّنُّ هَاهُنَا الْيَقِينُ.
And he-saww said: ‘The ‘meeting’ is the Resurrection, and the ‘thinking’ over here is the certainty’’.
وَ فِي تَفْسِيرِ الْإِمَامِ ع وَ يَتَوَقَّعُونَ أَنَّهُمْ يَلْقَوْنَ رَبَّهُمُ اللِّقَاءَ الَّذِي هُوَ أَعْظَمُ كَرَامَتِهِ لِعِبَادِهِ.
And in Tafseer of the Imam (Hassan Al-Askari-asws): ‘And they are anticipating they would be meeting their Lord-azwj. The meeting, which is mightiest of His-azwj Benevolence to His-azwj servants’’.
أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص يَأْتِي بَابَ فَاطِمَةَ وَ عَلِيٍّ تِسْعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَقْتَ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ فَيَقُولُ الصَّلَاةَ يَرْحَمُكُمُ اللَّهُ- إِنَّما يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَ يُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيراً.
Abu Saeed Al-Khudri said, ‘When this Verse was Revealed, Rasool-Allah-saww came to the door of (Syeda) Fatima-asws and Ali-asws for nine months at the time of every Salat, and he-saww said: ‘May Allah-azwj have Mercy on you-asws all, But rather, Allah Intends to Keep the uncleanness away from you, People of the Household, and Purify you (with) a Purification [33:33]’’.
وَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَنْ يَخُصَّ أَهْلَهُ دُونَ النَّاسِ لِيَعْلَمَ النَّاسُ أَنَّ لِأَهْلِهِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مَنْزِلَةً لَيْسَتْ لِلنَّاسِ فَأَمَرَهُمْ مَعَ النَّاسِ عَامَّةً وَ أَمَرَهُمْ خَاصَّةً.
And Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj the Exalted Commanded him-saww to specialise People-asws of his-saww Household, apart from the people, for the people to know that there is such a status for his-saww family in the Presence of Allah-azwj, which isn’t for the people. He-azwj Commanded with the general people, and Commanded them-asws especially’’.
وَ فِي الْعُيُونِ، وَ غَيْرِهِ، عَنِ الرِّضَا ع فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ قَالَ خَصَّنَا اللَّهُ بِهَذِهِ الْخُصُوصِيَّةِ إِذْ أَمَرَنَا مَعَ الْأُمَّةِ بِإِقَامَةِ الصَّلَاةِ ثُمَّ خَصَّنَا مِنْ دُونِ الْأُمَّةِ
And in (the book) ‘Al-Uyoun’ and others, from Al-Reza-asws regarding this Verse, he-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj has Specialised us-asws with the specialities, then He-azwj Commanded us-asws with the community with establishing the Salat, then Specialised us-asws from besides the community.
فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص يَجِيءُ عَلَى بَابِ عَلِيٍّ وَ فَاطِمَةَ بَعْدَ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ تِسْعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ عِنْدَ حُضُورِ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ فَيَقُولُ الصَّلَاةَ رَحِمَكُمُ اللَّهُ وَ مَا أَكْرَمَ اللَّهُ أَحَداً مِنْ ذَرَارِيِّ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ ع بِمِثْلِ هَذِهِ الْكَرَامَةِ الَّتِي أَكْرَمَنَا بِهَا وَ خَصَّنَا مِنْ دُونِ جَمِيعِ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِمْ.
Rasool-Allah-saww used to come at the door of Ali-asws and (Syeda) Fatima-asws for nine months after the Revelation of this Verse, every day at the presenting of every Salat, five times. He‑saww would say: ‘The Salat, may Allah-azwj Mercy you-asws all!’, and Allah-azwj has not Honour anyone from offspring of the Prophets-as with the likes of these honours which we-asws have been honoured with, and Specialised from besides entirety of people of their-as households’’.
وَ فِي نَهْجِ الْبَلَاغَةِ وَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص نَصِباً بِالصَّلَاةِ بَعْدَ التَّبْشِيرِ لَهُ بِالْجَنَّةِ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ سُبْحَانَهُ وَ أْمُرْ أَهْلَكَ بِالصَّلاةِ وَ اصْطَبِرْ عَلَيْها فَكَانَ يَأْمُرُ بِهَا وَ يَصْبِرُ عَلَيْهَا نَفْسَهُ.
And in (the book) ‘Nahj Al-Balagah’ – ‘And Rasool-Allah-saww had still established the Salat even after his-saww receiving glad tidings of the Paradise due to the Words of Allah-azwj the Glorious: And enjoin your family with the Salat and be constant upon it. [20:132]. So, he-saww used to instruct his-saww family with it and was patience upon it himself-saww’’.
ورد من كان لله كان الله له و من أصلح أمر دينه أصلح الله أمر دنياه و من أصلح ما بينه و بين الله أصلح الله ما بينه و بين الناس.
It has been reported: ‘One who were to be for Allah-azwj, Allah-azwj would be for him, and one who correct the matters of his religion Allah-azwj will Correct matters of his world, and one who Correct what is between him and Allah-azwj, Allah-azwj will Correct what is between him and the people’’.
وَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنْ لَمْ تَنْهَهُ صَلَاتُهُ عَنِ الْفَحْشَاءِ وَ الْمُنْكَرِ لَمْ يَزْدَدْ مِنَ اللَّهِ إِلَّا بُعْداً.
And from the Prophet-saww having said: ‘One whose Salat does not desist him from the immoralities and the evil, will not increase from Allah-azwj except in remoteness’’.
وَ عَنْهُ ص قَالَ: لَا صَلَاةَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يُطِعِ الصَّلَاةَ وَ طَاعَةُ الصَّلَاةِ أَنْ تَنْهَى عَنِ الْفَحْشَاءِ وَ الْمُنْكَرِ.
And from him-saww having said: ‘There is no Salat for the one who does not obey the Salat, and obeying the Salat is that you desist from the immoralities and the evil’’.
وَ رُوِيَ أَنَّ فَتًى مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ كَانَ يُصَلِّي الصَّلَاةَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ يَرْتَكِبُ الْفَوَاحِشَ فَوُصِفَ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَ إِنَّ صَلَاتَهُ تَنْهَاهُ يَوْماً مَا فَلَمْ يَلْبَثْ أَنْ تَابَ.
And it is reported that a youth from the Helpers was praying the Salat with Rasool-Allah-saww and he indulged in the immoralities. That was described to Rasool-Allah-saww. He-saww said: ‘His‑saww Salat will prevent him one day’. It was not long before he repented’’.
وَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: قِيلَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ فُلَاناً يُصَلِّي بِالنَّهَارِ وَ يَسْرِقُ بِاللَّيْلِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ صَلَاتَهُ لَتَرْدَعُهُ.
And from Jabir who said, ‘It was said to Rasool-Allah-saww, ‘So and so prays Salat at daytime and steals at night-time’. He-saww said: ‘His-saww Salat will deter him’’.
وَ رَوَى أَصْحَابُنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: مَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَعْلَمَ أَ قُبِلَتْ صَلَاتُهُ أَمْ لَمْ تُقْبَلْ فَلْيَنْظُرْ هَلْ مَنَعَتْهُ صَلَاتُهُ عَنِ الْفَحْشَاءِ وَ الْمُنْكَرِ فَبِقَدْرِ مَا مَنَعَتْهُ قُبِلَتْ مِنْهُ.
And it is reported by our companions, from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘One who loves to know whether his Salat has been Accepted or not Accepted, let him look, has his Salat prevented him from the immoralities and the evil? In accordance to what it prevents him, it is Accepted from him’’.
وَ رُوِيَ فِي الْكَافِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ الْخَفَّافِ عَنِ الْبَاقِرِ ع فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَهُ هَلْ يَتَكَلَّمُ الْقُرْآنُ فَتَبَسَّمَ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَحِمَ اللَّهُ الضُّعَفَاءَ مِنْ شِيعَتِنَا إِنَّهُمْ أَهْلُ تَسْلِيمٍ
And it is reported in ‘Al-Kafi’ – from Sa’ad Al-Khafff, ‘From Al-Baqir-asws in a lengthy Hadeeth, ‘He-asws had been asked, ‘Does the Quran talk?’ He-asws smiled, then said: ‘May Allah-azwj Mercy the weak ones from our-asws Shias! They are the people of submission’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ نَعَمْ يَا سَعْدُ وَ الصَّلَاةُ تَتَكَلَّمُ وَ لَهَا صُورَةٌ وَ خَلْقٌ تَأْمُرُ وَ تَنْهَى
Then he-asws said: ‘Yes, O Sa’ad, and the Salat does talk, and there is a face for it and a body. It instructs and forbids’.
قَالَ فَتَغَيَّرَ لِذَلِكَ لَوْنِي وَ قُلْتُ هَذَا شَيْءٌ لَا أَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ أَتَكَلَّمَ بِهِ فِي النَّاسِ
He (the narrator) said, ‘My colour changed at that, and I said, ‘This is something I am not capable of talking with among the people!’
فَقَالَ ع وَ هَلِ النَّاسُ إِلَّا شِيعَتُنَا فَمَنْ لَمْ يَعْرِفِ الصَّلَاةَ فَقَدْ أَنْكَرَ حَقَّنَا
He-asws said: ‘And are the people, except our-asws Shias? The one who does not recognise the Salat, he has denied our-asws rights’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا سَعْدُ أُسْمِعُكَ كَلَامَ الْقُرْآنِ قَالَ سَعْدٌ
Then he-asws said: ‘O Sa’ad! Shall I-asws Make you hear the talk of the Quran?’
فَقُلْتُ بَلَى صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ
I said, ‘Yes, may Allah-azwj Send Salawaat upon you-asws!’
فَقَالَ إِنَّ الصَّلاةَ تَنْهى عَنِ الْفَحْشاءِ وَ الْمُنْكَرِ وَ لَذِكْرُ اللَّهِ أَكْبَرُ فَالنَّهْيُ كَلَامٌ وَ الْفَحْشَاءُ وَ الْمُنْكَرُ رَجُلٌ وَ نَحْنُ ذِكْرُ اللَّهِ وَ نَحْنُ أَكْبَرُ.
He-asws said: ‘the Salat prevents from the immoralities and the evil, and the Zikr of Allah is the greatest, [29:45]. The preventing is talk, and the immoralities and the evil is (are) men, and we-asws are the Zikr of Allah-azwj, and we-asws are greatest’’.
رُوِيَ عَنِ الْبَاقِرِ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: ذِكْرُ اللَّهِ لِأَهْلِ الصَّلَاةِ أَكْبَرُ مِنْ ذِكْرِهِمْ إِيَّاهُ أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّهُ يَقُولُ فَاذْكُرُونِي أَذْكُرْكُمْ.
And it is reported from Al-Baqir-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj’s Mentioning people of the Salat is greater than their mentioning Him-azwj. Don’t you see that He-azwj Says: Therefore, mention Me, I will Mention you, [2:152].
وَ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع أَنَّهُ ذِكْرُ اللَّهِ عِنْدَ مَا أَحَلَّ وَ حَرَّمَ.
And from Al-Sadiq-asws, he-asws mentioned Allah-azwj at what is Permissible and Prohibited’’.
1- جَامِعُ الْأَخْبَارِ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الصَّلَاةُ عِمَادُ الدِّينِ فَمَنْ تَرَكَ صَلَاتَهُ مُتَعَمِّداً فَقَدْ هَدَمَ دِينَهُ وَ مَنْ تَرَكَ أَوْقَاتَهَا يَدْخُلُ الْوَيْلَ وَ الْوَيْلُ وَادٍ فِي جَهَنَّمَ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فَوَيْلٌ لِلْمُصَلِّينَ- الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَنْ صَلاتِهِمْ ساهُونَ.
(The book) ‘Jamie Al Akhbar’ –
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The Salat is a pillar of religion. The one who neglects his Salat deliberately, he has demolished his religion, and the one who neglects its timings enters ‘Al-Wayl’, and ‘Al-Wayl’ is a valley in Hell like what Allah-azwj the Exalted Said: So ‘Wayl’ is for the Musalleen [107:4] Those who are neglectful of their Salats [107:5]’’.[76]
وَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ يَأْتِي بِالْعَبْدِ فَأَوَّلُ شَيْءٍ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْهُ الصَّلَاةُ فَإِنْ جَاءَ بِهَا تَامَّةً وَ إِلَّا زُخَّ فِي النَّارِ.
And the Prophet-saww: ‘Be preserving upon the Salats, when it will be the Day of Qiyamah, they will come with the servant, so the first thing Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted will Ask him about is the Salat. If he had come with it complete (fine), or else he will be shoved into the Fire’’.[77]
2- الْجَامِعُ، قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص لَا تُضَيِّعُوا صَلَاتَكُمْ فَإِنَّ مَنْ ضَيَّعَ صَلَاتَهُ حَشَرَهُ اللَّهُ مَعَ قَارُونَ وَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَ هَامَانَ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ وَ أَخْزَاهُمْ وَ كَانَ حَقّاً عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُدْخِلَهُ النَّارَ مَعَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ فَالْوَيْلُ لِمَنْ لَمْ يُحَافِظْ صَلَاتَهُ.
(The book) ‘Al Jamie’ –
‘The Prophet-saww said: ‘Do not be wasting your Salat, for the one who wastes his Salat, Allah‑azwj will Resurrect him with Qaroun-la, and Hamaan-la, may Allah-azwj Curse them-la and Disgrace them-la, and there would be a right upon Allah-azwj that He-azwj Enters him into the Fire along with the hypocrites. So, the woe is for the one who does not preserve upon his Salat’’.[78]
وَ قَالَ ص مَنْ تَرَكَ صَلَاتَهُ حَتَّى تَفُوتَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ عُذْرٍ فَقَدْ حَبِطَ عَمَلُهُ
And he-saww said: ‘One who neglects his Salat until he loses it (it lapses) from without an excuse, so he has nullified his deed’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ بَيْنَ الْعَبْدِ وَ بَيْنَ الْكُفْرِ تَرْكُ الصَّلَاةِ.
Then he-saww said: ‘Between the servant and the Kufr, is neglect of the Salat’’.[79]
وَ قَالَ ص لَا يَزَالُ الشَّيْطَانُ يَرْعَبُ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ مَا حَافَظَ عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسِ فَإِذَا ضَيَّعَهُنَّ تَجَرَّأَ عَلَيْهِ وَ أَوْقَعَهُ فِي الْعَظَائِمِ.
And he-saww said: ‘The Satan-la does not cease to be awed from the son of Adam-as for as long as he preserves upon the five (daily) Salats. When he wastes these, he is emboldened upon him and makes him fall into the major sins’’.[80]
وَ قَالَ ص مَنْ تَرَكَ صَلَاةً لَا يَرْجُو ثَوَابَهَا وَ لَا يَخَافُ عِقَابَهَا فَلَا أُبَالِي أَ يَمُوتُ يَهُودِيّاً أَوْ نَصْرَانِيّاً أَوْ مَجُوسِيّاً.
And he-saww said: ‘One who neglects Salat neither hopes for its Rewards not fears its Punishment, so I-saww don’t care whether he dies a Jew, or a Christian, or a Magian!’’[81]
3- مَجَالِسُ الصَّدُوقِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الطَّالَقَانِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُقْدَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ التَّمِيمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ هِشَامٍ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ بَدْرٍ عَنْ سَوَّارِ بْنِ مُنِيبٍ عَنْ وَهْبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ لِلَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى مَلَكاً يُسَمَّى سَخَائِيلَ يَأْخُذُ الْبَرَوَاتِ لِلْمُصَلِّينَ عِنْدَ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ مِنْ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of Al Sadouq – from Muhammad Bin Ibrahim Al Talaqany, from Ahmad Bin Uqdah, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Salih Al Tmeemi, from his father, from Ibn Hisham, from Mansour Bin Mujahid, from Al Rabie Bin Badr, from Sawwar Bin Muneeb, from Wahab, from Ibn Abbas,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘For Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted there is an Angel called Sakhaeel. He takes the permits for the praying ones during every Salat, from Lord-azwj of the worlds, Majestic is His-azwj Majesty.
فَإِذَا أَصْبَحَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَ قَامُوا وَ تَوَضَّئُوا وَ صَلَّوْا صَلَاةَ الْفَجْرِ أَخَذَ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بَرَاءَةً لَهُمْ مَكْتُوبٌ فِيهَا أَنَا اللَّهُ الْبَاقِي عِبَادِي وَ إِمَائِي فِي حِرْزِي جَعَلْتُكُمْ وَ فِي حِفْظِي وَ تَحْتَ كَنَفِي صَيَّرْتُكُمْ وَ عِزَّتِي لَا خَذَلْتُكُمْ وَ أَنْتُمْ مَغْفُورٌ لَكُمْ ذُنُوبُكُمْ إِلَى الظُّهْرِ
When the Momineen come to the morning and stand and perform Wud’u, and they pray Al-Fajr Salat, he takes from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic a permit for them wherein is written: “I-azwj am Allah-azwj the every-lasting. My-azwj servants and My-azwj maids! I-azwj have Made you all to be in My-azwj Protection, and you have come to be under My-azwj Canopy. By My-azwj Might! I-azwj will not Abandon you, and your sins are Forgiven for up to Al-Zohr (midday)!”
فَإِذَا كَانَ وَقْتُ الظُّهْرِ فَقَامُوا وَ تَوَضَّئُوا وَ صَلَّوْا أَخَذَ لَهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الْبَرَاءَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ مَكْتُوبٌ فِيهَا أَنَا اللَّهُ الْقَادِرُ عِبَادِي وَ إِمَائِي بَدَّلْتُ سَيِّئَاتِكُمْ حَسَنَاتٍ وَ غَفَرْتُ لَكُمُ السَّيِّئَاتِ وَ أَحْلَلْتُكُمْ بِرِضَايَ عَنْكُمْ دَارَ الْجَلَالِ
When it is the time of Al-Zohr (Salat), so they stand and perform Wud’u and pray Salat, he takes for them, from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, the second permit. There is written in it: “I-azwj am Allah-azwj, the Able! My-azwj servants and My-azwj maids! I-azwj have Replaced your evil deeds into good deeds and have Forgiven the evil deeds for you, and have Legalised the majestic house for you all due to My-azwj being Satisfied with you!”
فَإِذَا كَانَتْ وَقْتُ الْعَصْرِ فَقَامُوا وَ تَوَضَّئُوا وَ صَلَّوْا أَخَذَ لَهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الْبَرَاءَةَ الثَّالِثَةَ مَكْتُوبٌ فِيهَا أَنَا اللَّهُ الْجَلِيلُ جَلَّ ذِكْرِي وَ عَظُمَ سُلْطَانِي عَبِيدِي وَ إِمَائِي حَرَّمْتُ أَبْدَانَكُمْ عَلَى النَّارِ وَ أَسْكَنْتُكُمْ مَسَاكِنَ الْأَبْرَارِ وَ دَفَعْتُ عَنْكُمْ بِرَحْمَتِي شَرَّ الْأَشْرَارِ
When it is the time of Al-Asr (Salat) (late afternoon), so they stand and perform Wud’u and pray Salat, he takes from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, the third permit. There is written in it: “I-azwj am Allah-azwj the Majestic! Majestic is My-azwj Mention, and Mighty is My-azwj Authority! My-azwj servants and My-azwj Maids! I-azwj have Prohibited your bodies unto the Fire and I-azwj shall Settle you all in the settlements of the righteous, and have Repelled the evil of the evil ones away from you due to My-azwj Mercy!”
فَإِذَا كَانَ وَقْتُ الْمَغْرِبِ فَقَامُوا وَ تَوَضَّئُوا وَ صَلَّوْا أَخَذَ لَهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الْبَرَاءَةَ الرَّابِعَةَ مَكْتُوبٌ فِيهَا أَنَا اللَّهُ الْجَبَّارُ الْكَبِيرُ الْمُتَعَالِ عَبِيدِي وَ إِمَائِي صَعِدَ مَلَائِكَتِي مِنْ عِنْدِكُمْ بِالرِّضَا وَ حَقٌّ عَلَيَّ أَنْ أُرْضِيَكُمْ وَ أُعْطِيَكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مُنْيَتَكُمْ
When it is the time of Al-Maghrib (evening), so they stand and perform Wud’u and they pray Salat, he takes for them the fourth permit from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic. There is written in it: “I-azwj am Allah-azwj, the Subduer, the Great, the Exalted! My-azwj servants and My-azwj Maids! My-azwj Angels are ascending from your present with the satisfaction, and there is a right upon Me-azwj that I-azwj Satisfy you and Grant you your wishes on the Day of Qiyamah!”
فَإِذَا كَانَ وَقْتُ الْعِشَاءِ فَقَامُوا وَ تَوَضَّئُوا وَ صَلَّوْا أَخَذَ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهُمُ الْبَرَاءَةَ الْخَامِسَةَ مَكْتُوبٌ فِيهَا إِنِّي أَنَا اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ غَيْرِي وَ لَا رَبَّ سِوَايَ عِبَادِي وَ إِمَائِي فِي بُيُوتِكُمْ تَطَهَّرْتُمْ وَ إِلَى بُيُوتِي مَشَيْتُمْ وَ فِي ذِكْرِي خُضْتُمْ وَ حَقِّي عَرَفْتُمْ وَ فَرَائِضِي أَدَّيْتُمْ أُشْهِدُكَ يَا سَخَائِيلُ وَ سَائِرَ مَلَائِكَتِي أَنِّي قَدْ رَضِيتُ عَنْهُمْ
When it is the time of Al-Isha (Salat), so they stand and they perform Wud’u, and they pray Salat, he takes the fifth permit for them from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic. There is written in it: “Surely, I-azwj am Allah-azwj! There is no god apart from Me-azwj nor any Lord-azwj besides Me-azwj! My-azwj servants and My-azwj maids! In your houses is your cleansing, and to My-azwj houses (Masjids) is your walking, and in My-azwj Zikr you are taking with, and My-azwj Right you are recognising, and My-azwj obligations you are fulfilling. I-azwj Keep you as witness, O Sakhaeel, and rest of My-azwj Angels! I-azwj am Satisfied with them!”’
قَالَ فَيُنَادِي سَخَائِيلُ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَصْوَاتٍ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ بَعْدَ صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ يَا مَلَائِكَةَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى قَدْ غَفَرَ لِلْمُصَلِّينَ الْمُوَحِّدِينَ
He (Ibn Abbas) said, ‘Sakhaeel calls out with three voices (calls) every night after Al-Isha (Salat): ‘O Angels of Allah-azwj! Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted has Forgiven for the praying ones, the Unitarians!’
فَلَا يَبْقَى مَلَكٌ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ السَّبْعِ إِلَّا اسْتَغْفَرَ لِلْمُصَلِّينَ وَ دَعَا لَهُمْ بِالْمُدَاوَمَةِ عَلَى ذَلِكَ
So there does not remain any Angel in the seven skies except he seeks Forgiveness for the praying ones and supplicates for them with the constancy upon that.
فَمَنْ رُزِقَ صَلَاةَ اللَّيْلِ مِنْ عَبْدٍ أَوْ أَمَةٍ قَامَ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مُخْلِصاً فَتَوَضَّأَ وُضُوءاً سَابِغاً وَ صَلَّى لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِنِيَّةٍ صَادِقَةٍ وَ قَلْبٍ سَلِيمٍ وَ بَدَنٍ خَاشِعٍ وَ عَيْنٍ دَامِعَةٍ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى خَلْفَهُ تِسْعَةَ صُفُوفٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ فِي كُلِّ صَفٍّ مَا لَا يُحْصِي عَدَدَهُمْ إِلَّا اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَحَدُ طَرَفَيْ كُلِّ صَفٍّ بِالْمَشْرِقِ وَ الْآخَرُ بِالْمَغْرِبِ
The one, from a servant or a maid, who is Graced the night Salat, standing for Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic sincerely, so he performs the perfect Wud’u and prays Salat for Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic with truthful intent and a sound heart, and a humble body, and tearful eyes, Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted will Make nine rows from the Angels behind him, in every row being what its numbers cannot be counted except by Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted in one of the two ends of the rows being in the East and the other in the west’.
قَالَ فَإِذَا فَرَغَ كُتِبَ لَهُ بِعَدَدِهِمْ دَرَجَاتٌ
He (Ibn Abbas) said, ‘When he is free, ranks are written for him of their number’.
قَالَ مَنْصُورٌ كَانَ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ بَدْرٍ إِذَا حَدَّثَ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ يَقُولُ أَيْنَ أَنْتَ يَا غَافِلُ عَنْ هَذَا الْكَرَمِ وَ أَيْنَ أَنْتَ عَنْ قِيَامِ هَذِهِ اللَّيْلِ وَ عَنْ جَزِيلِ هَذَا الثَّوَابِ وَ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْكَرَامَةِ.
Mansour (a narrator) said, ‘Whenever Al-Rabie Bin Badr used to narrate with this Hadeeth, said, ‘Where are you, O heedless one, from this Benevolence? And where are you from standing (for Salat) tonight and from these plentiful Rewards, and from these honours?’’[82]
4- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُؤَدِّبِ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْقَلَانِسِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ الصَّادِقُ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ع يُؤْتَى بِشَيْخٍ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَيُدْفَعُ إِلَيْهِ كِتَابُهُ ظَاهِرُهُ مِمَّا يَلِي النَّاسَ لَا يَرَى إِلَّا مَسَاوِيَ فَيَطُولُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ فَيَقُولُ يَا رَبِّ أَ تَأْمُرُنِي إِلَى النَّارِ
And from him, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Salama Bin Al Khattab, from Ali Bin Al Hassan, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Muwaddib, from Aasim Bin Humeyd, from Khalid Al Qalanasy who said,
‘Al-Sadiq Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws said: ‘On the Day of Qiyamah, they will come with an old man and his book (register of deeds) will be handed to him apparently in front of the people. He will not see except evil deeds. That will be long (list) upon him. He will say, ‘O Lord‑azwj! Are You-azwj Commanding me to the Fire?’
فَيَقُولُ الْجَبَّارُ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ يَا شَيْخُ أَنَا أَسْتَحْيِي أَنْ أُعَذِّبَكَ وَ قَدْ كُنْتَ تُصَلِّي فِي دَارِ الدُّنْيَا اذْهَبُوا بِعَبْدِي إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ.
The Subduer, Majestic is His-azwj Majesty will Say: “O old man! I-azwj am Embarrassed from Punishing you and you used to pray Salat in the house of the world! Go with My-azwj servant to the Paradise!”’[83]
5- مَجَالِسُ الصَّدُوقِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْأَسَدِيِّ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَظِيمِ الْحَسَنِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ ع قَالَ: كَلَّمَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مُوسَى بْنَ عِمْرَانَ ع قَالَ مُوسَى إِلَهِي مَا جَزَاءُ مَنْ صَلَّى الصَّلَوَاتِ لِوَقْتِهَا
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of Al Sadouq – from Muhammad Bin Musa, from Muhammad Bin Ja’far Al Asady, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Abdul Azeem Al Hasany,
‘From Abu Al-Hassan Al-Askari-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Spoke to Musa-as Bin Imran-as. Musa-as said: ‘My-as God-azwj! What is a Recompense of the one who prays Salat to its timings?’
قَالَ أَعْطَيْتُهُ سُؤْلَهُ وَ أُبِيحُهُ جَنَّتِي الْخَبَرَ.
He-azwj Said: “I-azwj shall Grant him his request and Legalise My-azwj Paradise for him!” – the Hadeeth’’.[84]
6- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الصَّائِغِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُقْدَةَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: جَاءَ ثَقَفِيٌّ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ص فَسَأَلَهُ عَمَّا لَهُ مِنَ الثَّوَابِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص إِذَا قُمْتَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ وَ تَوَجَّهْتَ وَ قَرَأْتَ أُمَّ الْكِتَابِ وَ مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنَ السُّوَرِ ثُمَّ رَكَعْتَ فَأَتْمَمْتَ رُكُوعَهَا وَ سُجُودَهَا وَ تَشَهَّدْتَ وَ سَلَّمْتَ غُفِرَ لَكَ كُلُّ ذَنْبٍ فِيمَا بَيْنَكَ وَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاةِ الَّتِي قَدَّمْتَهَا إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ الْمُؤَخَّرَةِ فَهَذَا لَكَ فِي صَلَاتِكَ.
And from him, from Al Husayn Bin Ali Al Sa’ig, from Ahmad Bin Uqdah, from Ja’far Bin Ubeydullah, from Ibn Mahboub, from Ibn Ri’ab, from Muhammad Bin Qays,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘A-Saqafi (from the clan of Saqaf) to the Prophet-saww. He asked him-saww about what is for him of the Rewards regarding the Salat. The Prophet-saww said: ‘When you stand to the Salat and are attentive, and you recited Mother of the Book (Surah Al-Fatiha) and whatever is easy from the Chapters, then you perform Ruk’u, so he completes its Ruk’us and its Sajdahs, and you performed its testimonies and greet, He-azwj Forgives for you every sin regarding what is between you and the Salat which you have sent ahead to the next Salat. So, this is for you in your Salat’’.[85]
7- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ أَيْمَنَ بْنِ مُحْرِزٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: مَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ مِنْ شِيعَتِنَا يَقُومُ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ إِلَّا اكْتَنَفَتْهُ بِعَدَدِ مَنْ خَالَفَهُ مَلَائِكَةٌ يُصَلُّونَ خَلْفَهُ يَدْعُونَ اللَّهَ لَهُ حَتَّى يَفْرُغَ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ.
And from him, from his father, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Ayman Bin Muhriz, from Muhammad Bin Al Fuzeyl, from Abu Hamza Al Sumali,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘There is none from a servant from our-asws Shias standing to the Salat except I-azwj shall Surrounding him with a number of the Angels behind him praying Salat behind him, supplicating to Allah-azwj for him until he is free from his Salat’’.[86]
8- تَفْسِيرُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى وَ لَذِكْرُ اللَّهِ أَكْبَرُ يَقُولُ ذِكْرُ اللَّهِ لِأَهْلِ الصَّلَاةِ أَكْبَرُ مِنْ ذِكْرِهِمْ إِيَّاهُ أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّهُ يَقُولُ فَاذْكُرُونِي أَذْكُرْكُمْ.
Tafseer Ali Bin Ibrahim – In a report by Abu Al Jaroud,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws regarding Words of Exalted: and the Zikr of Allah is the greatest, [29:45]: ‘He-azwj is Saying the Mentioning by Allah-azwj of people of the Salat is greater than their mentioning Him-azwj. Don’t you see that He-azwj is Saying: Therefore, mention Me, I will Mention you, [2:152]’’.[87]
9- الْخِصَالُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ عَنْ عَمِّهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِمْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: يُؤْتَى بِعَبْدٍ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ لَيْسَتْ لَهُ حَسَنَةٌ فَيُقَالُ لَهُ اذْكُرْ أَوْ تَذَكَّرْ هَلْ لَكَ مِنْ حَسَنَةٍ
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – from Muhammad Bin Ali Majaylawiya, from his uncle Muhammad Bin Abu Al Qasim, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid Al Barqy, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Muhammad Bin Imran,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws: ‘They will come with a servant on the Day of Qiyamah, there wouldn’t be any good deeds for him. It will be said to him, ‘Remember, or mention, is there any good deed for you?’’
قَالَ فَيَتَذَكَّرُ فَيَقُولُ يَا رَبِّ مَا بِي مِنْ حَسَنَةٍ إِلَّا أَنَّ فُلَاناً عَبْدَكَ الْمُؤْمِنَ مَرَّ بِي فَطَلَبْتُ مِنْهُ مَاءً فَأَعْطَانِي مَاءً فَتَوَضَّأْتُ بِهِ وَ صَلَّيْتُ لَكَ
He-asws said: ‘He will remember, and he will say, ‘O Lord-azwj! There isn’t any good deed for me except that so and so Momin servant of Yours-azwj had passed by me, so I sought some water from him. He gave me water, and I performed Wud’u with it and prayed Salat to You-azwj’’.
قَالَ فَيَقُولُ الرَّبُّ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى قَدْ غَفَرْتُ لَكَ أَدْخِلُوا عَبْدِيَ الْجَنَّةَ.
He-asws said: ‘The Lord-azwj Blessed and Exalted: “I-azwj have Forgiven for you! Enter My-azwj servant into the Paradise!”’[88]
10- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنِ الْخَلِيلِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ الْبَغَوِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْجَعْدِ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ الْغَيْزَارِ عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص قَالَ: إِنَّ أَحَبَّ الْأَعْمَالِ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الصَّلَاةُ وَ الْبِرُّ وَ الْجِهَادُ.
And from him, from Al Khaleel Bin Ahmad, from Abu Al Qasim Al Bagawy, from Ali Bin Al Ja’d, from Shu’ba, from Al Waleed Bin Gayzar, from Abu Amro Al Shaybani, from Abdullah Bin Masoud,
‘From the Prophet-saww having: ‘The most Beloved of the deeds to Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is the Salat, and the righteous act, and the Jihad’’.[89]
11- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بُنْدَارَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جُمْهُورٍ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ كَسِيرٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ عَنْ شُرَحْبِيلَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ وَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ قَالا سَمِعْنَا أَبَا أُمَامَةَ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص يَقُولُ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّهُ لَا نَبِيَّ بَعْدِي وَ لَا أُمَّةَ بَعْدَكُمْ أَلَا فَاعْبُدُوا رَبَّكُمْ وَ صَلُّوا خَمْسَكُمْ وَ صُومُوا شَهْرَكُمْ وَ حُجُّوا بَيْتَ رَبِّكُمْ وَ أَدُّوا زَكَاةَ أَمْوَالِكُمْ طَيِّبَةً بِهَا أَنْفُسُكُمْ وَ أَطِيعُوا وُلَاةَ أَمْرِكُمْ تَدْخُلُوا جَنَّةَ رَبِّكُمْ.
And from him, from Muhammad Bin Ja’far Bin Bundar, from Muhammad Bin Muhammad Bin Jamhour, from Salih Bin Muhammad, from Amro Bin Usman Bin Kaseyr, from Ismail Bin Ayyash, from Shureyjil Bin Muslim and from Muhammad Bin Ziyad, both said, ‘We heard Abu Umama Saying,
‘I heard Rasool-Allah-saww saying: ‘O you people! Surely there is no Prophet-saww after me-saww, nor any community after you! Indeed, therefore worship your Lord-azwj, and pray your five (daily Salats), and fast your month (of Ramazan), and perform Hajj of the House of your Lord‑azwj, and pay the Zakat of your wealth, making your souls good with it, and obey Masters‑asws of your matters, you will be entering Paradise of your Lord-azwj’’.[90]
12- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى الْيَقْطِينِيِّ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ جَدِّهِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع لَوْ يَعْلَمُ الْمُصَلِّي مَا يَغْشَاهُ مِنْ جَلَالِ اللَّهِ مَا سَرَّهُ أَنْ يَرْفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ السُّجُودِ.
And from him, from his father, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Muhammad Bin Isa Al Yaqteeny, from Al Qasim Bin Yahya, from his grandfather Al Hassan, from Abu Baseer, and Muhammad Bin Muslim,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘Had the praying one know what Majesty of Allah-azwj overwhelms him, he would not be happy to raise his head from the Sajdahs’’.[91]
وَ قَالَ ع مَنْ أَتَى الصَّلَاةَ عَارِفاً بِحَقِّهَا غُفِرَ لَهُ.
And he-asws said: ‘One who comes to the Salat recognising its right, (his sins) will be Forgiven for him’’.[92]
وَ قَالَ ع إِذَا قَامَ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ أَقْبَلَ إِلَيْهِ إِبْلِيسُ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ حَسَداً لِمَا يَرَى مِنْ رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ الَّتِي تَغْشَاهُ.
And he-asws said: ‘When the man stands to the Salat, Iblees-la faces towards him looking at him out of envy when he-la sees the Mercy of Allah-azwj which has overwhelmed him’’.[93]
13- الْعُيُونُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الشَّاهِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الطَّائِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الرِّضَا ع
(The books) ‘Al Uyoun’ – from Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Al Shah, from Abu Bakr Bin Abdullah, from Abdullah Bin Ahmad Al Taie, from his father – ‘from Al-Reza-asws.
وَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْخُوزِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْهَرَوِيِّ عَنْهُ ع
And from Ahmad Bin Ibrahim Al Khowzy, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Ziyad, from Ahmad Bin Abdullah Al Harwy – from him-asws.
وَ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأُشْنَانِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَهْرَوَيْهِ الْقَزْوِينِيِّ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنِ الرِّضَا عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ أَدَّى فَرِيضَةً فَلَهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ دَعْوَةٌ مُسْتَجَابَةٌ.
And from Al Husayn Bin Muhammad Al Ashnany, from Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Mahrawiya Al Qazwiny, from Dawood Bin Suleyman,
‘From Al-Reza-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘One who fulfils an obligation, for him would be an Answered supplication in the Presence of Allah‑azwj’’.[94]
14- وَ مِنْهُ، بِتِلْكَ الْأَسَانِيدِ عَنْهُ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَا تَزَالُ أُمَّتِي بِخَيْرٍ مَا تَحَابُّوا وَ تَهَادَوْا وَ أَدَّوُا الْأَمَانَةَ وَ اجْتَنَبُوا الْحَرَامَ وَ قَرَوُا الضَّيْفَ وَ أَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَ آتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ فَإِذَا لَمْ يَفْعَلُوا ذَلِكَ ابْتُلُوا بِالْقَحْطِ وَ السِّنِينَ.
And from him, by those chains, from him-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘My-saww community will not cease to be with goodness for as long as they love each other, and guide each other, and fulfil the entrustments to each other, and shun the Prohibitions, and host the guests, and establish the Salat, and pay the Zakat. When they don’t do that, they will be Tried by the drought and the years (of famine)’’.[95]
15- وَ مِنْهُ، بِتِلْكَ الْأَسَانِيدِ عَنْهُ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ يُدْعَى بِالْعَبْدِ فَأَوَّلُ شَيْءٍ يُسْأَلُ عَنْهُ الصَّلَاةُ فَإِنْ جَاءَ بِهَا تَامَّةً وَ إِلَّا زُخَّ فِي النَّارِ.
And from him, by those chains, from him-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘When it will be the Day of Qiyamah, the servant will be summoned. The first thing he will be questioned about is the Salat. If he has come with it as complete (fine), or else he will be shoved into the Fire’’.[96]
16- مَجَالِسُ ابْنِ الشَّيْخِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْمُفِيدِ عَنِ ابْنِ قُولَوَيْهِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ كُلَيْبٍ الْأَسَدِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: أَمَا وَ اللَّهِ إِنَّكُمْ لَعَلَى دِينِ اللَّهِ وَ مَلَائِكَتِهِ فَأَعِينُونَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ بِوَرَعٍ وَ اجْتِهَادٍ عَلَيْكُمْ بِالصَّلَاةِ وَ الْعِبَادَةِ عَلَيْكُمْ بِالْوَرَعِ.
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of Ibn Al Sheykh – from his father, from Al Mufeed, from Ibn Qawlawiya, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus, from Kuleyb Al Asady,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘But, by Allah-azwj! You (Shias) are upon the religion of Allah-azwj and His-azwj Angels, therefore assist us-asws upon that by devoutness, and the struggle. Upon you all is with the Salat and the worshipping. Upon you all is with the devoutness (piety)’’.[97]
17- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْمُفِيدِ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّيَّاتِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ سَلْمَانَ الْفَارِسِيِّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَحْتَ شَجَرَةٍ فَأَخَذَ غُصْناً مِنْهَا فَنَفَضَهُ فَتَسَاقَطَ وَرَقُهُ فَقَالَ أَ لَا تَسْأَلُونِّي عَمَّا صَنَعْتُ
And from him, from his father, from Al Mufeed, from Umar Bin Muhammad Al Zayyat, from Al Husayn Bin Yahya Bin Ayyash, from Al Hassan Bin Abdullah, from Yazeed Bin Haroun, from Hammad Bin Salama, from Ali Bin Zayd, from Abu Usman who said,
‘We were with Salman Al-Farsi-ra, may Allah-azwj Mercy him-ra, beneath a tree. He-ra grabbed a branch from it and shook it, and its leaf fell off. He-ra said, ‘Will you not be asking me-ra about what I-ra have done?’
فَقُلْنَا أَخْبِرْنَا
We said, ‘Inform us!’
قَالَ كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فِي ظِلِّ شَجَرَةٍ فَأَخَذَ غُصْناً مِنْهَا فَنَفَضَهُ فَتَسَاقَطَ وَرَقُهُ فَقَالَ أَ لَا تَسْأَلُونِّي عَمَّا صَنَعْتُ
He-ra said: ‘We were with Rasool-Allah-saww in the shade of a tree. He-saww grabbed a branch from it and shook it, so its leaf fell off. He-saww said: ‘Will you not ask me-saww about what I-saww have done?’
قُلْنَا أَخْبِرْنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ
They said, ‘Inform us, O Rasool-Allah-saww!’
قَالَ إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ الْمُسْلِمَ إِذَا قَامَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ تَحَاتَّتْ عَنْهُ خَطَايَاهُ كَمَا تَحَاتَّتْ وَرَقُ هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ.
He-saww said: ‘The Muslim servant, when he stands to the Salat, his sins fall off from him just as the left of this tree has fallen off’’.[98]
18- مَجَالِسُ ابْنِ الشَّيْخِ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَتَنْقُضُنَّ عُرَى الْإِسْلَامِ عُرْوَةً عُرْوَةً كُلَّمَا انْتَقَضَتْ عُرْوَةٌ تَشَبَّثَ النَّاسُ بِالَّتِي تَلِيهَا فَأَوَّلُهُنَّ نَقْضُ الْحُكْمِ وَ آخِرُهُنَّ الصَّلَاةُ.
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of Ibn Al Sheykh, by his chain from Abu Umama who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘You will be breaking the handles of Al-Islam, handle by handle. Every time you break a handle, the people will hanging with that which follows it. The first of these is breaking the Laws, and their last one is the Salat’’.[99]
19- أَقُولُ، قَدْ مَضَى بِأَسَانِيدَ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّ أَفْضَلَ مَا تَوَسَّلَ بِهِ الْمُتَوَسِّلُونَ الْإِيمَانُ بِاللَّهِ وَ رَسُولِهِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ وَ إِقَامَةُ الصَّلَاةِ فَإِنَّهَا الْمِلَّةُ.
I (Majlisi) am saying, ‘It has passed by (various) chains,
‘From Amir Al-Momineen-asws having said: ‘The best of what the beseechers can be beseeching with is the Eman with Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww’ – up to he-asws said: ‘And establishment of the Salat, for it is the religion’’.
وَ فِيمَا أَوْصَى بِهِ الْبَاقِرُ ع جَابِرَ الْجُعْفِيَ الصَّلَاةُ بَيْتُ الْإِخْلَاصِ وَ تَنْزِيهٌ عَنِ الْكِبْرِ.
And among what Al-Baqir-asws had advised Jabir Al-Jufy with: ‘The Salat is a house of sincerity, and a remover from the arrogance’’. [100]
وَ فِي خُطْبَةِ فَاطِمَةَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ الصَّلَاةَ تَنْزِيهاً مِنَ الْكِبْرِ.
And in a sermon of (Syeda) Fatima-asws, may the Salawaat of Allah-azwj be upon her-asws: ‘Allah‑azwj Obligated the Salat as a remover from the arrogance’’.[101]
20- مَجَالِسُ ابْنِ الشَّيْخِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْمُفَضَّلِ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الشَّعْرَانِيِّ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْمُجَاشِعِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ الصَّادِقِ ع وَ عَنِ الْمُجَاشِعِيِّ عَنِ الرِّضَا عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع قَالَ: أُوصِيكُمْ بِالصَّلَاةِ وَ حِفْظِهَا فَإِنَّهَا خَيْرُ الْعَمَلِ وَ هِيَ عَمُودُ دِينِكُمْ الْخَبَرَ.
(The book) ‘Majalis’ of Ibn Al Sheykh – from his father, from a group, from Abu Al Mufazzal, from Al Fazl Bin Muhammad Al Sha’rany, from Haroun Bin Amro Al Mujashie,
‘From Muhammad son of Ja’far-asws, from his father-asws Al-Sadiq-asws; and from Al-Mujashie, from Al-Reza-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws, from Amir Al-Momineen-asws having said: ‘I-asws advise you all with the Salat and preserving it, for it is the best deed, and it is a pillar of your religion’ – the Hadeeth’’.[102]
21- مَجَالِسُ الصَّدُوقِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُوسَى بْنِ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ السَّعْدَآبَادِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الدِّهْقَانِ عَنْ وَاصِلِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص مَا مِنْ صَلَاةٍ يَحْضُرُ وَقْتُهَا إِلَّا نَادَى مَلَكٌ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ النَّاسِ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قُومُوا إِلَى نِيرَانِكُمُ الَّتِي أَوْقَدْتُمُوهَا عَلَى ظُهُورِكُمْ فَأَطْفِئُوهَا بِصَلَاتِكُمْ.
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of Al Sadouq – from Muhammad Bin Musa Bin Al Mutawakkil, from Ali Bin Al Husayn Al Asadabady, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah Al Barqy, from his father, from Ubeydullah Bin Abdullah Al Dihqan, from Wasil Bin Suleyman, from Abdullah Bin Sinan,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘The Prophet-saww said: ‘There is none from a Salat it’s timing presents, except an Angel calls out in front of the people: ‘O you people: ‘Stand to your fires which you (yourselves) had ignited these upon your own backs, so extinguish these with your Salats?’’[103]
22- الْخِصَالُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الْبُنْدَارِ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ الْحَمَّادِيِّ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْجَعْدِ عَنْ سَلَّامِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ عَنْ ثَابِتٍ الْبُنَانِيِّ عَنْ أَنَسٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص قَالَ: حُبِّبَتْ إِلَيَّ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا ثَلَاثٌ النِّسَاءُ وَ الطِّيبُ وَ جُعِلَتْ قُرَّةُ عَيْنِي فِي الصَّلَاةِ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – from Muhammad Bin Ja’far Bin Al Bundar, from Abu Al Abbas Al Hammady, from Salih Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Ja’ad, from Sallam Bin Munzir, from Sabit Al Bunany, from Anas (well-known fabricator),
‘From the Prophet-saww having said: ‘The beloved to me-saww from the world are three – the women, and the perfume, and the delight of my-saww eyes has been Made to be in the Salat’’.[104]
23- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُصْعَبٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ غَالِبٍ عَنْ يَسَارٍ مَوْلَى أَنَسٍ عَنْ أَنَسٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص قَالَ: حُبِّبَ إِلَيَّ مِنْ دُنْيَاكُمُ النِّسَاءُ وَ الطِّيبُ وَ جُعِلَ قُرَّةُ عَيْنِي فِي الصَّلَاةِ.
And from him, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Bin Muhammad Al Attar, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Mus’ab, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Is’haq, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Ghalib, from Yasaar, a slave of Anas, from Anas (well-known fabricator),
‘From the Prophet-saww having said: ‘It is beloved to me-saww from your world – the women, and the perfume, and the delight of my-saww eyes is made to be in the Salat’’.[105]
قال الصدوق رحمه الله إن الملحدين يتعلقون بهذا الخبر يقولون إن النبي ص قال حبب إلي من دنياكم النساء و الطيب و أراد أن يقول الثالث فندم و قال و جعل قرة عيني في الصلاة و كذبوا لأنه ص لم يكن مراده بهذا الخبر إلا الصلاة وحدها لأنه
Note: – Al-Sadouq, may Allah-azwj Mercy him, said, ‘The atheists are relating to this Hadeeth saying that the Prophet-saww said: ‘Beloved to me-saww from your world are the women and the perfume’, and he-saww wanted to say the third, but he-saww regretted and said: ‘And delight of my-saww eyes has been Made to be in the Salat’, and they are lying, because he-saww, his-saww intent with this Hadeeth did not happen to be except the Salat alone, because: –
قَالَ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَ السَّلَامُ ركعتين [رَكْعَتَانِ] يُصَلِّيهِمَا الْمُتَزَوِّجُ أَفْضَلُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ سَبْعِينَ رَكْعَةً يُصَلِّيهِمَا غَيْرُ مُتَزَوِّجٍ وَ إِنَّمَا حُبِّبَ إِلَيْهِ النِّسَاءُ لِأَجْلِ الصَّلَاةِ.
He-saww, may the Salawaat and the greetings be upon him-saww said: ‘Two Cycles (Salat) the married man prays is better in the Presence of Allah-azwj than seventy Cycles (Salat) prayed by the unmarried one’, and rather the women were beloved to him-saww for the reason of the Salat.
وَ هَكَذَا قَالَ: ركعتين [رَكْعَتَانِ] يُصَلِّيهِمَا مُتَعَطِّرٌ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ سَبْعِينَ رَكْعَةً يُصَلِّيهِمَا غَيْرُ مُتَعَطِّرٍ وَ إِنَّمَا حُبِّبَ إِلَيْهِ الطِّيبُ أَيْضاً لِأَجْلِ الصَّلَاةِ
And like that, he-saww said: ‘Two Cycles (Salat) prayed by the perfumed one is better than seventy Cycles (Salat) prayed by the non-perfumed one’, and rather the perfume was beloved to him also for the reason of the Salat.
ثُمَّ قَالَ ع وَ جُعِلَ قُرَّةُ عَيْنِي فِي الصَّلَاةِ لِأَنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَوْ تَطَيَّبَ وَ تَزَوَّجَ ثُمَّ لَمْ يُصَلِّ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ فِي التَّزْوِيجِ وَ الطِّيبِ فَضْلٌ وَ لَا ثَوَابٌ.
Then he-saww said: ‘And the delight of my-saww eyes has been made to be in the Salat’, because the man, if he were to be perfumed and married, then he does not pray Salat, there would not be any merit for him regarding the marriage and the perfume, nor any Rewards’.
24- الْعِلَلُ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْعَبْدِيِّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْهَاشِمِيِّ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص جَاءَنِي جَبْرَئِيلُ فَقَالَ لِي يَا أَحْمَدُ الْإِسْلَامُ عَشَرَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ قَدْ خَابَ مَنْ لَا سَهْمَ لَهُ فِيهَا
(The book) ‘Al Ilal’ – from Ali Bin Hatim, from Ahmad Bin Ali Al Abdy, from Al Hassan Bin Ibrahim Al Hashimy, from Is’haq Bin Ibrahim, from Abdul Razzaq, from Ma’mar, from Qatadah, from Anas (well-known fabricator), said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Jibraeel-as came to me-saww. He-as said: ‘O Ahmad-saww! Al-Islam is in ten portions, and he has failed, the one who has not portion for him in it.
أُولَاهَا شَهَادَةُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَ هِيَ الْكَلِمَةُ وَ الثَّانِيَةُ الصَّلَاةُ وَ هِيَ الطُّهْرُ وَ الثَّالِثَةُ الزَّكَاةُ وَ هِيَ الْفِطْرَةُ وَ الرَّابِعَةُ الصَّوْمُ وَ هِيَ الْجُنَّةُ وَ الْخَامِسَةُ الْحَجُّ وَ هِيَ الشَّرِيعَةُ
The first of these is the testimony that there is no god except Allah-azwj, and it is the phrase (Kalima); and the second is the Salat, and it is the cleansing (from sins); and the third is the Zakat, and it is the moral instinct; and the fourth is the fasting, and it is the shield; and the fifth is the Hajj, and it is the Law.
وَ السَّادِسَةُ الْجِهَادُ وَ هُوَ الْعِزُّ وَ السَّابِعَةُ الْأَمْرُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَ هُوَ الْوَفَاءُ وَ الثَّامِنَةُ النَّهْيُ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَ هُوَ الْحُجَّةُ وَ التَّاسِعَةُ الْجَمَاعَةُ وَ هِيَ الْأُلْفَةُ وَ الْعَاشِرَةُ الطَّاعَةُ وَ هِيَ الْعِصْمَةُ
And the sixth is the Jihad, and it is the honour; and the seventh is instructing with the act of kindness, and it is the loyalty; and the eighth is forbidding from the evil, and it is the argument; and the ninth is the congregation, and it is the unity; and the tenth is the obedience (to Allah‑azwj), and it is the fortification’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ حَبِيبِي جَبْرَئِيلُ إِنَّ مَثَلَ هَذَا الدِّينِ كَمَثَلِ شَجَرَةٍ ثَابِتَةٍ الْإِيمَانُ أَصْلُهَا وَ الصَّلَاةُ عُرُوقُهَا وَ الزَّكَاةُ مَاؤُهَا وَ الصَّوْمُ سَعَفُهَا وَ حُسْنُ الْخُلُقِ وَرَقُهَا وَ الْكَفُّ عَنِ الْمَحَارِمِ ثَمَرُهَا
Then my-saww beloved Jibraeel-as said: ‘An example of this religion is an example of a tree. Affirmed Eman is its roots, and the Salat is its veins, and the Zakat is its water, and the Fasting is its fronds, and the good manners are its leaves, and the restraint from the Prohibitions are its fruits.
فَلَا تَكْمُلُ شَجَرَةٌ إِلَّا بِالثَّمَرِ كَذَلِكَ الْإِيمَانُ لَا يَكْمُلُ إِلَّا بِالْكَفِّ عَنِ الْمَحَارِمِ.
A tree is not perfect except with the fruits, like that the Eman is not perfect except with the restraint from the Prohibitions’’.[106]
25- الْعِلَلُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَتِّيلٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ إِذَا كَانَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَإِنَّ جَسَدَهُ وَ ثِيَابَهُ وَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَوْلَهُ يُسَبِّحُ.
(The book) ‘Al Ilal’ – from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Matteel, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Talha Bin Zayd,
‘From Al Sadiq-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from Ali-asws having said: ‘The person, when he were to be in the Salat, his body, and his clothes, and every thing around him glorifies (Allah‑azwj)’’.[107]
26- تَفْسِيرُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَمَّا أُسْرِيَ بِي إِلَى السَّمَاءِ مَضَيْتُ بِأَقْوَامٍ تُرْضَخُ رُءُوسُهُمْ بِالصَّخْرِ فَقُلْتُ مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ فَقَالَ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ يَنَامُونَ عَنْ صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ.
Tafseer Ali Bin Ibrahim – from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Salim,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘When there was an ascension with me to the sky, I-saww passed by people their heads were being bruised by the rocks. I-saww said: ‘Who are they, O Jibraeel-as?’ He-as said: ‘They are those who were sleeping from Al-Isha Salat’’.[108]
27- قُرْبُ الْإِسْنَادِ، عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا بَالُ الزَّانِي لَا تُسَمِّيهِ كَافِراً وَ تَارِكُ الصَّلَاةِ قَدْ تُسَمِّيهِ كَافِراً وَ مَا الْحُجَّةُ فِي ذَلِكَ
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Isnaad’ – from Haroub Bin Muslim, from Mas’ada Bin Sadaqa who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws was asked, ‘What is the matter the adulterer is not being name as Kafir, while neglecter of the Salat is being named as Kafir, and what is the argument regarding that?’
قَالَ لِأَنَّ الزَّانِيَ وَ مَا أَشْبَهَهُ إِنَّمَا يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ لِمَكَانِ الشَّهْوَةِ وَ لِأَنَّهَا تَغْلِبُهُ وَ تَارِكُ الصَّلَاةِ لَا يَتْرُكُهَا إِلَّا اسْتِخْفَافاً بِهَا وَ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّكَ لَا تَجِدُ الزَّانِيَ يَأْتِي الْمَرْأَةَ إِلَّا وَ هُوَ مُسْتَلِذٌّ لِإِتْيَانِهِ إِيَّاهَا قَاصِداً إِلَيْهَا وَ كُلُّ مَنْ تَرَكَ الصَّلَاةَ قَاصِداً إِلَيْهَا
He-asws said: ‘Because the adulterer and one resembling him, rather he does that due to the position of lust, and because it overcomes him, while neglecter of the Salat does not neglect it except by taking lightly with it, and that is because you will not find the adulterer going to the woman except and he is deriving pleasure due to his going to her, aiming for it, while every one who neglects the Salat is aiming for it.
فَلَيْسَ يَكُونُ قَصْدُهُ لِتَرْكِهَا لِلِّذَّةِ فَإِذَا انْتَفَتِ اللَّذَّةُ وَقَعَ الِاسْتِخْفَافُ وَ إِذَا وَقَعَ الِاسْتِخْفَافُ وَقَعَ الْكُفْرُ.
Thus, his aim isn’t like neglecting it for the pleasure. When the pleasure is gone, the taking lightly occurs, and when the taking lightly occurs, the Kufr occurs’’.[109]
28- وَ مِنْهُ، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ ابْنِ صَدَقَةَ قَالَ: قِيلَ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا فَرْقٌ بَيْنَ مَنْ نَظَرَ إِلَى امْرَأَةٍ فَزَنَى بِهَا أَوْ خَمْراً فَشَرِبَهَا وَ بَيْنَ مَنْ تَرَكَ الصَّلَاةَ حَيْثُ لَا يَكُونُ الزَّانِي وَ شَارِبُ الْخَمْرِ مُسْتَخِفّاً كَمَا اسْتَخَفَّ تَارِكُ الصَّلَاةِ وَ مَا الْحُجَّةُ فِي ذَلِكَ وَ مَا الْعِلَّةُ الَّتِي تَفْرُقُ بَيْنَهُمَا
And from him, by this chain from Ibn Sadaqa who said,
‘It was said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘What is the difference between the one looking at a woman so he commits adultery with her, or wine so he drinks it, and between the one who neglects the Salat whereby he does not happen to be an adulterer and the drinker of wine is not being despised like what the neglecter of the Salat is being despised, and what is the argument regarding that, and what is the reason which differentiates between the two?’
قَالَ الْحُجَّةُ أَنَّ كُلَّ مَا أَدْخَلْتَ نَفْسَكَ فِيهِ وَ لَمْ يَدْعُكَ إِلَيْهِ دَاعٍ وَ لَمْ يَغْلِبْكَ عَلَيْهِ غَالِبُ شَهْوَةٍ مِثْلُ الزِّنَا وَ شُرْبِ الْخَمْرِ فَأَنْتَ دَعَوْتَ نَفْسَكَ إِلَى تَرْكِ الصَّلَاةِ وَ لَيْسَ ثَمَّ شَهْوَةٌ فَهُوَ الِاسْتِخْفَافُ بِعَيْنِهِ وَ هَذَا فَرْقُ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا.
He-asws said: ‘The argument is that all what you indulge yourself into and no caller has called you to it and no overcoming lust has overcome you upon it, like the adultery and drinking the wine, so you have called yourself to neglecting the Salat, and there isn’t any lust. Thus, it is the taking lightly exactly, and this is the difference what is between the two’’.[110]
29- الْعِلَلُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: مَلَكٌ مُوَكَّلٌ يَقُولُ مَنْ نَامَ عَنِ الْعِشَاءِ إِلَى نِصْفِ اللَّيْلِ فَلَا أَنَامَ اللَّهُ عَيْنَهُ.
(The book) ‘Al Ilal’ – from his father, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Musa Bin Bakr, from Zurarah,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘There is an Angel allocated saying: ‘One who sleeps from Al-Isha (Salat) to midnight, may Allah-azwj not Let his eyes sleep!’’[111]
30- ثَوَابُ الْأَعْمَالِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُوسَى بْنِ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ السَّعْدَآبَادِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: لِلْمُصَلِّي ثَلَاثُ خِصَالٍ إِذَا قَامَ فِي صَلَاتِهِ يَتَنَاثَرُ عَلَيْهِ الْبِرُّ مِنْ أَعْنَانِ السَّمَاءِ إِلَى مَفْرَقِ رَأْسِهِ وَ تَحُفُّ بِهِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ مِنْ تَحْتِ قَدَمَيْهِ إِلَى أَعْنَانِ السَّمَاءِ وَ مَلَكٌ يُنَادِي أَيُّهَا الْمُصَلِّي لَوْ تَعْلَمُ مَنْ تُنَاجِي مَا انْفَتَلْتَ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – from Muhammad Bin Musa Bin Al Mutawakkil, from Ali Bin Al Husayn Al Asadabady, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Jameel,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘For the praying one there are three traits – when he stands to his Salat, the righteousness is sprinkled upon him from edges of the sky to the middle of his head, and the Angels surround him from beneath his feet to edges of the sky, and an Angels calls out: ‘O you praying one! Had you known the One-azwj you are whispering to, you would not end (praying Salat)’’.[112]
الْهِدَايَةُ قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع لِلْمُصَلِّي ثَلَاثُ خِصَالٍ وَ ذَكَرَ مِثْلَ مَا مَرَّ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ وَ مَلَكٌ يُنَادِيهِ لَوْ تَعْلَمُ مَنْ تُنَاجِي وَ مَنْ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْكَ لَمَا زِلْتَ مِنْ مَوْضِعِكَ أَبَداً.
(The book) ‘Al-Hidaya’ –
‘Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘For the praying one there are three traits’ – and he-asws mentioned similar to what has passed up to his-asws words: ‘And an Angel calls out to him: ‘Had you known the One-azwj you are whispering to and the One-azwj Who is Looking at you, you will not move from your place, ever!’’[113]
31- ثَوَابُ الْأَعْمَالِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ إِيَّاكُمْ وَ الْكَسَلَ إِنَّ رَبَّكُمْ رَحِيمٌ يَشْكُرُ الْقَلِيلَ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيُصَلِّي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ تَطَوُّعاً يُرِيدُ بِهِمَا وَجْهَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَيُدْخِلُهُ اللَّهُ بِهِمَا الْجَنَّةَ وَ إِنَّهُ لَيَتَصَدَّقُ بِالدِّرْهَمِ تَطَوُّعاً يُرِيدُ بِهِ وَجْهَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَيُدْخِلُهُ اللَّهُ بِهِ الْجَنَّةَ وَ إِنَّهُ لَيَصُومُ الْيَوْمَ تَطَوُّعاً يُرِيدُ بِهِ وَجْهَ اللَّهِ فَيُدْخِلُهُ اللَّهُ بِهِ الْجَنَّةَ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Al Waleed, from Al Husayn Bin Al Hassan Bin Aban, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Fazalah, from Muawiya Bin Ammar, from Ismail Bin Yasaar who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘Beware of the laziness. Your Lord-azwj is Merciful. He-azwj Appreciates the little. The man would pray the two Cycles Salat voluntarily intending the Face of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, so Allah-azwj Enters him into the Paradise due to these two; and he tends to give charity with the Dirham voluntarily intending the Face of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic with it, so Allah-azwj Enters him into the Paradise with it, and he tends to fast the day voluntarily intending the Face of Allah-azwj with it, so Allah-azwj Enters him into the Paradise due to it’’.[114]
32- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُوسَى بْنِ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ بُرَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَا بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِ وَ بَيْنَ أَنْ يَكْفُرَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَتْرُكَ الصَّلَاةَ الْفَرِيضَةَ مُتَعَمِّداً أَوْ يَتَهَاوَنَ بِهَا فَلَا يُصَلِّيَهَا.
And from him, from Muhammad Bin Musa Bin Al Mutawakkil, from Abdullah Bin Ja’far Al Himeyri, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn Bin Abu Al Khattab, from Al hassan Bin Mahboub, from Jameel Bin Salih, from Bureyd,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘There is nothing between the Muslim and him committing Kufr except that he neglects the obligatory Salat deliberately, or belittles it so he does not pray it’’.[115]
بيان و يؤيد ما رواه فِي الْكَافِي فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَرْتَكِبُ الْكَبِيرَةَ مِنَ الْكَبَائِرِ فَيَمُوتُ هَلْ يُخْرِجُهُ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ إِنْ عُذِّبَ كَانَ عَذَابُهُ كَعَذَابِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَمْ لَهُ مُدَّةٌ وَ انْقِطَاعٌ
Explanation – And it is supported by what is reported in (the book) ‘Al-Kafi’ in ‘Al-Saheeh’, from Ibn Sinan who said, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the man indulging in the major sins from the major sins, and he dies. Does that expel him from Al-Islam, and if he is Punished, his Punishment would be like Punishment of the Polytheists or would there be a term for it and a termination?’
فَقَالَ مَنِ ارْتَكَبَ كَبِيرَةً مِنَ الْكَبَائِرِ فَزَعَمَ أَنَّهَا حَلَالٌ أَخْرَجَهُ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ عُذِّبَ أَشَدَّ الْعَذَابِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ مُعْتَرِفاً أَنَّهُ أَذْنَبَ وَ مَاتَ عَلَيْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ مِنَ الْإِيمَانِ وَ لَمْ يُخْرِجْهُ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ كَانَ عَذَابُهُ أَهْوَنَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْأَوَّلِ.
He-asws said: ‘One who commits a major sin from the major sins, so he claims that is it Permissible, that expels him from Al-Islam, and he will be Punished severest of the Punishment, and if he were to acknowledge that he has sinner and dies upon it, it would expel him from the Eman and will not expel him from Al-Islam, and his Punishment would be less than Punishment of the first one’’.
33- ثَوَابُ الْأَعْمَالِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَا بَيْنَ الْكُفْرِ وَ الْإِيمَانِ إِلَّا تَرْكُ الصَّلَاةِ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – from Muhammad Bin Ali Majaylawiya, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Abdullah Bin Maymoun,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, from Jabir who said, ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘There is nothing between the Kufr and the Eman except neglecting the Salat’’.[116]
34- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ هَارُونَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: مَنْ تَرَكَ صَلَاةَ الْعَصْرِ غَيْرَ نَاسٍ لَهَا حَتَّى تَفُوتَهُ وَتَرَهُ اللَّهُ أَهْلَهُ وَ مَالَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ.
And from him, from his father, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Abu Abdullah Al Barqy, from Ibn Fazzal, from Ibn Bukeyr, from Muhammad Bin Haroun,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘One who neglects Al-Asr Salat without forgetfulness of it until he misses it (the time lapses), Allah-azwj will Reduce his family and his wealth on the Day of Qiyamah’’.[117]
35- الْمَحَاسِنُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ أَسْبَغَ وُضُوءَهُ وَ أَحْسَنَ صَلَاتَهُ وَ أَدَّى زَكَاتَهُ وَ كَفَّ غَضَبَهُ وَ سَجَنَ لِسَانَهُ وَ اسْتَغْفَرَ لِذَنْبِهِ وَ أَدَّى النَّصِيحَةَ لِأَهْلِ بَيْتِ نَبِيِّهِ فَقَدِ اسْتَكْمَلَ حَقَائِقَ الْإِيمَانِ وَ أَبْوَابُ الْجَنَّةِ مُفَتَّحَةٌ لَهُ.
(The book) ‘Al Mahasin’ – from his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuni,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘One who perfects his Wud’u and improves his Salat, and pays his Zakat, and restrains his anger, and imprisons his tongue, and seeks Forgiveness for his sins, and fulfils the good advice to People-asws of the Household of his Prophet-saww, so he has perfected the realities of Eman, and the doors of Paradise will be opened for him’’.[118]
36- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: الصَّلَاةُ عَمُودُ الدِّينِ مَثَلُهَا كَمَثَلِ عَمُودِ الْفُسْطَاطِ إِذَا ثَبَتَ الْعَمُودُ ثَبَتَتِ الْأَوْتَادُ وَ الْأَطْنَابُ وَ إِذَا مَالَ الْعَمُودُ وَ انْكَسَرَ لَمْ يَثْبُتْ وَتِدٌ وَ لَا طُنُبٌ.
And from him, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Sayf Bin Ameyra, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘The Salat is a pillar of religion. It’s example is an example of the pillars of a tent. When the pillars are firm, the pegs and the ropes are firm, and when the pillar inclines and breaks, neither the pegs nor the ropes are firm’’.[119]
توضيح رَوَاهُ الشَّيْخُ بِسَنَدٍ فِيهِ جَهَالَةٌ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَثَلُ الصَّلَاةِ مَثَلُ عَمُودِ الْفُسْطَاطِ إِذَا ثَبَتَ الْعَمُودُ نَفَعَتِ الْأَطْنَابُ وَ الْأَوْتَادُ وَ الْغِشَاءُ وَ إِذَا انْكَسَرَ لَمْ يَنْفَعْ طُنُبٌ وَ لَا وَتِدٌ وَ لَا غِشَاءٌ.
Clarification (Hadeeth only) – It is reported by the Sheykh by a chain wherein is unknown, from Ubeyd Bin Zurara, from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘An example of the Salat is an example of pillars (poles) of a tent. When the poles are firm, the ropes, and the pegs and the covering benefits, and when it breaks, neither a rope, nor a peg, nor a covering benefits’’.
37- الْمَحَاسِنُ، فِي رِوَايَةِ جَابِرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: إِذَا اسْتَقْبَلَ الْمُصَلِّي الْقِبْلَةَ اسْتَقْبَلَ الرَّحْمَنَ بِوَجْهِهِ- لَا إِلَهَ غَيْرُهُ.
(The book) ‘Al-Mahaasin’ – In a report by Jabir,
‘From Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws having said: ‘When the praying one faces the Qiblah, he faces the Mercy with his face. There is no god apart from Him-azwj’’.[120]
38- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ- ع عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ مَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِالْإِيمانِ فَقَدْ حَبِطَ عَمَلُهُ قَالَ تَرْكُ الصَّلَاةِ الَّذِي أَقَرَّ بِهِ
And from him, from his father, from Ibn Fazzal, from Ibn Bukeyr, from Ubeyd Bin Zurara who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: and the one who commits Kufr with the Eman his work would be nullified [5:5]. He-asws said: ‘Neglecting the Salat which he had acknowledged with’.
قُلْتُ فَمَا مَوْضِعُ تَرْكِ الْعَمَلِ حَتَّى يَدَعَهُ أَجْمَعَ
I said, ‘So what is a place of neglecting of the deeds until he has left it all?’
قَالَ مِنْهُ الَّذِي يَدَعُ الصَّلَاةَ مُتَعَمِّداً لَا مِنْ سُكْرٍ وَ لَا مِنْ عِلَّةٍ.
He-asws said: ‘From it is the one who leave the Salat deliberately, neither from intoxication nor from illness’’.[121]
أَقُولُ رَوَاهُ فِي الْكَافِي بِهَذَا السَّنَدِ وَ بِسَنَدٍ آخَرَ أَيْضاً إِلَى قَوْلِهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَتْرُكَ الصَّلَاةَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُقْمٍ وَ لَا شُغُلٍ.
I (Majlisi) am saying, ‘It is reported in ‘Al-Kafi’ by this chain, and by another chain as well up his words: ‘From that is that he neglects the Salat from without any sickness nor pre-occupation’’.[122]
39- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ، عَنْ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّ طَاعَةَ اللَّهِ خِدْمَتُهُ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَلَيْسَ شَيْءٌ مِنْ خِدْمَتِهِ يَعْدِلُ الصَّلَاةَ فَمِنْ ثَمَّ نَادَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ زَكَرِيَّا وَ هُوَ قائِمٌ يُصَلِّي فِي الْمِحْرابِ.
(The book) ‘Al Ayyashi’ – from Husayn Bin Ahmad, from his father,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I heard him-asws saying: ‘Obedience to Allah‑azwj is serving Him-azwj in the earth. There isn’t anything from serving Him-azwj equating to the Salat. For that reason, the Angels called out to Zakariya-as and he-as was standing praying Salat in the prayer niche’’.[123]
40- تَفْسِيرُ الْإِمَامِ ع، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ صَلَّى الْخَمْسَ كَفَّرَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ مَا بَيْنَ كُلِّ صَلَاتَيْنِ وَ كَانَ كَمَنْ عَلَى بَابِهِ نَهَرٌ جَارٍ يَغْتَسِلُ فِيهِ خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ- لَا تُبْقِي عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ شَيْئاً إِلَّا الْمُوبِقَاتِ الَّتِي هِيَ جَحْدُ النُّبُوَّةِ أَوِ الْإِمَامَةِ أَوْ ظُلْمُ إِخْوَانِهِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَوْ تَرْكُ التَّقِيَّةِ حَتَّى يُضِرَّ بِنَفْسِهِ وَ إِخْوَانِهِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ.
Tafseer of the Imam (Hassan Al-Askari-asws) having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘One who prays the five (daily Salat), Allah-azwj would Expiate from him the sins of what is between every two Salats, and he would be like the one having a flowing river by his door. He washes in it five times, there does not remain anything from the sins upon him except the destructive (major sin) which are – rejecting the Prophet-hood, or the Imamate, or oppressing his Momineen brothers, or neglecting the Taqiyyah, until he harms himself and his Momineen brothers’’.[124]
41- غَوَالِي اللَّآلِي، وَ مَجْمَعُ الْبَيَانِ، وَ الْعَيَّاشِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَحَدَهُمَا ع يَقُولُ إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع أَقْبَلَ عَلَى النَّاسِ فَقَالَ أَيَّةُ آيَةٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ أَرْجَى عِنْدَكُمْ
(The book) ‘Gawaly Al La’aly’, and ‘Majma Al Bayan’, and ‘Al Ayyashi’ – from Abu Hamza Al Sumali who said,
‘I heard one of the two (5th or 6th Imam-asws) saying: ‘Ali-asws faced towards the people. He-asws said: ‘Which Verse in the Book of Allah-azwj is most hopeful in your view?’
فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَغْفِرُ أَنْ يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَ يَغْفِرُ ما دُونَ ذلِكَ لِمَنْ يَشاءُ
One of them said, ‘Allah does not Forgive if He is associated with, and He Forgives whatever is besides that to the one He so Desires to; [4:48]’.
قَالَ حَسَنَةٌ وَ لَيْسَتْ إِيَّاهَا
He-asws said: ‘Excellent, and I-asws didn’t meant it (this one)’.
وَ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ وَ مَنْ يَعْمَلْ سُوءاً أَوْ يَظْلِمْ نَفْسَهُ الْآيَةَ
And one of them said, ‘And the one who does evil or is unjust to himself, then he seeks Forgiveness of Allah, would find Allah as Forgiving, Merciful [4:110]’.
قَالَ حَسَنَةٌ وَ لَيْسَتْ إِيَّاهَا
He-asws said: ‘Excellent, and I-asws didn’t meant it (this one)’.
فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ يا عِبادِيَ الَّذِينَ أَسْرَفُوا عَلى أَنْفُسِهِمْ- لا تَقْنَطُوا مِنْ رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ
One of them said, ‘Say: ‘O My servants, those who have been extravagant upon themselves! Do not despair from Mercy of Allah, surely Allah Forgives the sins altogether. Surely, He is the Forgiving, the Merciful [39:53]’.
قَالَ حَسَنَةٌ وَ لَيْسَتْ إِيَّاهَا
He-asws said: ‘Excellent, and I-asws didn’t meant it (this one)’.
وَ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ وَ الَّذِينَ إِذا فَعَلُوا فاحِشَةً أَوْ ظَلَمُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ ذَكَرُوا اللَّهَ فَاسْتَغْفَرُوا لِذُنُوبِهِمْ
And one of them said, ‘And those when they are committing an indecency or doing injustice to their own selves, are remembering Allah and asking Forgiveness for their sins [3:135]’.
قَالَ حَسَنَةٌ وَ لَيْسَتْ إِيَّاهَا
He-asws said: ‘Excellent, and I-asws didn’t meant it (this one)’.
قَالَ ثُمَّ أَحْجَمَ النَّاسُ فَقَالَ مَا لَكُمْ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ
He (5th or 6th Imam-asws) said: ‘Then the people crowded. He-asws said: ‘What is the matter with you all, O community of Muslims?’
قَالُوا لَا وَ اللَّهِ مَا عِنْدَنَا شَيْءٌ
They said, ‘No, by Allah-azwj, there is nothing (else) with us!’
قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص يَقُولُ أَرْجَى آيَةٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ- وَ أَقِمِ الصَّلاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهارِ وَ زُلَفاً مِنَ اللَّيْلِ وَ قَرَأَ الْآيَةَ كُلَّهَا وَ قَالَ يَا عَلِيُّ وَ الَّذِي بَعَثَنِي بِالْحَقِّ بَشِيراً وَ نَذِيراً إِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ لَيَقُومُ إِلَى وُضُوئِهِ فَتَسَاقَطُ عَنْ جَوَارِحِهِ الذُّنُوبُ فَإِذَا اسْتَقْبَلَ اللَّهَ بِوَجْهِهِ وَ قَلْبِهِ لَمْ يَنْفَتِلْ عَنْ صَلَاتِهِ وَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ شَيْءٌ كَمَا وَلَدَتْهُ أُمُّهُ فَإِنْ أَصَابَ شَيْئاً بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ كَانَ لَهُ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى عَدَّ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسَ
He-asws said: ‘I-asws heard Rasool-Allah-saww saying: ‘The most hopeful of Verses in the Book of Allah-azwj is: And establish the Salat in the two ends of the day and near from the night. [11:114] – and-saww recited the Verse, all of it, and said: ‘O Ali-asws! By the One-azwj Who Sent me-saww with the truth as a giver of glad tidings and a warner! If one of you stands to perform Wud’u, the sins fall off from his limbs when he faces Allah-azwj with his face and his heart. He does not finish from his Salat and there would be anything from his sins, being just as his mother had given him birth. If he commits anything between the two Salats, there would be for him similar to that until he fulfils the five (daily) Salats’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا عَلِيُّ إِنَّمَا مَنْزِلَةُ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسِ لِأُمَّتِي كَنَهَرٍ جَارٍ عَلَى بَابِ أَحَدِكُمْ فَمَا ظَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ لَوْ كَانَ فِي جَسَدِهِ دَرَنٌ ثُمَّ اغْتَسَلَ فِي ذَلِكَ النَّهَرِ خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ فِي الْيَوْمِ أَ كَانَ يَبْقَى فِي جَسَدِهِ دَرَنٌ فَكَذَلِكَ وَ اللَّهِ الصَّلَوَاتُ الْخَمْسُ لِأُمَّتِي.
Then he-saww said: ‘O Ali-asws! But rather, the status of the five (daily) Salats for my-saww community is like a river flowing at the door of one of you. So, what are the thoughts of one of you if there were to be some dirt on him boy, then he washes in that river five times during the day, would there remain any dirt in his body? By Allah-azwj! Similar to that are the five (daily) Salats for my-saww community’’.[125]
42- تَفْسِيرُ الْإِمَامِ، قَالَ ع إِذَا تَوَجَّهَ الْمُؤْمِنُ إِلَى مُصَلَّاهُ لِيُصَلِّيَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِمَلَائِكَتِهِ يَا مَلَائِكَتِي أَ لَا تَرَوْنَ إِلَى عَبْدِي هَذَا قَدِ انْقَطَعَ عَنْ جَمِيعِ الْخَلَائِقِ إِلَيَّ وَ أَمَّلَ رَحْمَتِي وَ جُودِي وَ رَأْفَتِي أُشْهِدُكُمْ أَنِّي أَخُصُّهُ بِرَحْمَتِي وَ كَرَامَاتِي
Tafseer of the Imam (Hassan Al-Askari-asws) – He-asws said: ‘And when the Momin heads to his prayer mat to pray Salat, Allah–azwj Mighty and Majestic Says to His-azwj Angels: “O My–azwj Angels! Are you not seeing this servant of Mine-azwj, how he has cut off from the entirety of the creatures to Me-azwj, and expects My-azwj Mercy and My-azwj benevolence, and My-azwj Kindness? I-azwj Adjure you all that I-azwj am Particularising him with My-azwj mercy and My-azwj Benevolence!”
فَإِذَا رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ وَ قَالَ: «اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ» وَ أَثْنَى عَلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى بَعْدَهُ قَالَ اللَّهُ لِمَلَائِكَتِهِ: أَ مَا تَرَوْنَ عَبْدِي هَذَا كَيْفَ كَبَّرَنِي- وَ عَظَّمَنِي وَ نَزَّهَنِي عَنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ لِي شَرِيكٌ، أَوْ شَبِيهٌ أَوْ نَظِيرٌ، وَ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ تَبَرُّؤاً عَمَّا يَقُولُهُ أَعْدَائِي- مِنَ الْإِشْرَاكِ بِي
When he raises his hands and says, ‘Allah-azwj is the Greatest!’, and Praises upon Allah-azwj the Exalted after it, Allah-azwj Says to His-azwj Angels: “Are you not seeing this servant of Mine-azwj how he is extolling My-azwj Greatness and My-azwj Magnificence, deeming Me-azwj to be above from there being an associate for Me-azwj, or a resemblance, or a peer, and he raises his hand disavowing from what My-azwj enemies are saying – from the association with Me-azwj?
أُشْهِدُكُمْ يَا مَلَائِكَتِي إِنِّي سَأُكَبِّرُهُ- وَ أُعَظِّمُهُ فِي دَارِ جَلَالِي، وَ أُنَزِّهُهُ فِي مُتَنَزَّهَاتِ دَارِ كَرَامَتِي وَ أُبْرِئُهُ مِنْ آثَامِهِ وَ ذُنُوبِهِ- مِنْ عَذَابِ جَهَنَّمَ وَ نِيرَانِهَا.
I-azwj Adjure you all, O My-azwj Angels! I-azwj shall Make him great and Magnify him in the House of My-azwj Majesty, and Remove him, in the Gardens of the House of My-azwj Benevolence and Distance him from his mistakes and his sins – from the Punishment of Hell and its Fires!”
فَإِذَا قَالَ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ- الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعالَمِينَ فَقَرَأَ فَاتِحَةَ الْكِتَابِ وَ سُورَةً، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِمَلَائِكَتِهِ: أَ مَا تَرَوْنَ عَبْدِي هَذَا كَيْفَ تَلَذَّذَ بِقِرَاءَةِ كَلَامِي
When he says, ‘In the Name of Allah-azwj the Beneficent, the Merciful. The Praise is for Allah-azwj, Lord-azwj of the worlds’ thus reciting the Opening of the Book (Chapter 1 – Surah Al-Hamd), and a (another) Chapter, Allah-azwj the Exalted Says to His-azwj Angels: “Are you not seeing how he is deriving pleasure in reciting My-azwj Speech?
أُشْهِدُكُمْ [يَا] مَلَائِكَتِي لَأَقُولَنَّ لَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ: اقْرَأْ فِي جِنَانِي، وَ ارْقَ دَرَجَاتِهَا فَلَا يَزَالُ يَقْرَأُ وَ يَرْقَى دَرَجَةً بِعَدَدِ كُلِّ حَرْفٍ: دَرَجَةً مِنْ ذَهَبٍ، وَ دَرَجَةً مِنْ فِضَّةٍ، وَ دَرَجَةً مِنْ لُؤْلُؤٍ، وَ دَرَجَةً مِنْ جَوْهَرٍ، وَ دَرَجَةً مِنْ زَبَرْجَدٍ أَخْضَرَ، وَ دَرَجَةً مِنْ زُمُرُّدٍ أَخْضَرَ، وَ دَرَجَةً مِنْ نُورِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ.
I-azwj Adjure you all, O My-azwj Angels! I-azwj shall be saying to him on the Day of Judgment: “Recite in My-azwj Gardens and ascend its levels!” So he would not cease reciting and ascending levels by a number of every letter – a level of gold, and a level of silver, and a level of pearls, a level of jewels, and a level of green aquamarine, and a level of green emeralds, and a level of the Light of the Lord-azwj of the worlds.
فَإِذَا رَكَعَ قَالَ اللَّهُ لِمَلَائِكَتِهِ: يَا مَلَائِكَتِي- أَ مَا تَرَوْنَهُ كَيْفَ تَوَاضَعَ لِجَلَالِ عَظَمَتِي أُشْهِدُكُمْ لَأُعَظِّمَنَّهُ فِي دَارِ كِبْرِيَائِي وَ جَلَالِي.
When he performs Ruk’u, Allah-azwj Says to His-azwj Angels: “O My-azwj Angels! Are you not seeing how he humbles to the Majesty of My-azwj Magnificence? I-azwj Adjure you all, I-azwj shall Magnify him in the House of My-azwj Greatness and My-azwj Majesty!”
فَإِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: أَ مَا تَرَوْنَهُ يَا مَلَائِكَتِي كَيْفَ يَقُولُ: أَتَرَفَّعُ عَلَى أَعْدَائِكَ كَمَا أَتَوَاضَعُ لِأَوْلِيَائِكَ، وَ أَنْتَصِبُ لِخِدْمَتِكَ أُشْهِدُكُمْ يَا مَلَائِكَتِي لَأَجْعَلَنَّ جَمِيلَ الْعَاقِبَةِ لَهُ، وَ لَأُصَيِّرَنَّهُ إِلَى جِنَانِي.
When he raises his head from the Ruk’u, Allah-azwj the Exalted Says: “Are you not seeing, O My-azwj Angels, how he is saying, ‘I raise high above Your-azwj enemies just as I humble to Your‑azwj friends, and straighten up for Your-azwj service.’ I-azwj Adjure you all, O My-azwj Angels! I-azwj shall Make a beautiful end result for him and Make him come to be in My-azwj Gardens!”
فَإِذَا سَجَدَ قَالَ اللَّهُ [تَعَالَى لِمَلَائِكَتِهِ]: يَا مَلَائِكَتِي- أَ مَا تَرَوْنَهُ كَيْفَ تَوَاضَعَ بَعْدَ ارْتِفَاعِهِ وَ قَالَ: إِنِّي وَ إِنْ كُنْتُ جَلِيلًا مَكِيناً فِي دُنْيَاكَ، فَأَنَا ذَلِيلٌ عِنْدَ الْحَقِّ إِذَا ظَهَرَ لِي سَوْفَ أَرْفَعُهُ بِالْحَقِّ وَ أَدْفَعُ بِهِ الْبَاطِلَ.
When he performs Sajdah, Allah-azwj the Exalted Says to His-azwj Angels: “O My-azwj Angels! Are you not seeing how he humbles himself after rising, and says, ‘And even though I was dignified, substantial in Your-azwj world, but I am humble in the presence of the Truth, when it is displayed to me’. Soon I-azwj shall Raise him with the Truth and Repel the falsehood with him!”
فَإِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ السَّجْدَةِ الْأُولَى، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: يَا مَلَائِكَتِي أَ مَا تَرَوْنَهُ كَيْفَ قَالَ: وَ إِنِّي وَ إِنْ تَوَاضَعْتُ لَكَ- فَسَوْفَ أَخْلِطُ الِانْتِصَابَ فِي طَاعَتِكَ بِالذُّلِّ بَيْنَ يَدَيْكَ
When he raises his head from the first Sajdah, Allah-azwj the Exalted Says: “O My-azwj Angels! Are you not seeing how he says, ‘And even though I am humbling to You-azwj, by soon I shall be mingling straight in Your-azwj obedience with the humiliation in front of You-azwj?’”
فَإِذَا سَجَدَ ثَانِيَةً قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: يَا مَلَائِكَتِي- أَ مَا تَرَوْنَ عَبْدِي هَذَا كَيْفَ عَادَ إِلَى التَّوَاضُعِ لِي لَأُعِيدَنَّ إِلَيْهِ رَحْمَتِي.
When he performs the second Sajdah, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Says: “Are you not seeing this servant of Mine-azwj, how he returns to the humbling to Me-azwj? I-azwj shall Repeat My-azwj Mercy to him!”
فَإِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ قَائِماً، قَالَ اللَّهُ: يَا مَلَائِكَتِي- لَأَرْفَعَنَّهُ بِتَوَاضُعِهِ كَمَا ارْتَفَعَ إِلَى صَلَاتِهِ.
When he raises his head, standing, Allah-azwj Says: “O My-azwj Angels! I-azwj shall Raise him due to his humbleness, just as he rises to his Salat!”
ثُمَّ لَا يَزَالُ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ لِمَلَائِكَتِهِ هَكَذَا فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ. حَتَّى إِذَا قَعَدَ لِلتَّشَهُّدِ الْأَوَّلِ وَ التَّشَهُّدِ الثَّانِي، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: يَا مَلَائِكَتِي قَدْ قَضَى خِدْمَتِي وَ عِبَادَتِي، وَ قَعَدَ يُثْنِي عَلَيَّ وَ يُصَلِّي عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ نَبِيِّي، لَأُثْنِيَنَّ عَلَيْهِ فِي مَلَكُوتِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ، وَ لَأُصَلِّيَنَّ عَلَى رُوحِهِ فِي الْأَرْوَاحِ.
Then, Allah-azwj does not cease Saying that to His-azwj Angels like this, during every Cycle, to the extent that when he sits for the first Tashahhud (bearing of testimonies-that is three or more), and the second Tashahhud, Allah-azwj the Exalted Says: “O My-azwj Angels! He has fulfilled My-azwj service and My-azwj worship, and he sits praising upon Me-azwj and sending Salawaat upon Muhammad-saww, My-azwj Prophet-saww. I-azwj shall Praise upon him in the kingdoms of the skies and the earth, and I-azwj shall Send Salawaat upon his soul among the souls!”
فَإِذَا صَلَّى عَلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي صَلَاتِهِ- قَالَ [اللَّهُ لَهُ]: لَأُصَلِّيَنَّ عَلَيْكَ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَيْهِ، وَ لَأَجْعَلَنَّهُ شَفِيعَكَ كَمَا اسْتَشْفَعْتَ بِهِ.
When he sends Salawaat upon Amir Al-Momineen in his Salat, Allah-azwj Says to him: “I-azwj shall Send Salawaat upon you just as you sent Salawaat upon him-asws, and I-saww shall Make him-asws your intercessor just as you sought intercession by him-asws!”
فَإِذَا سَلَّمَ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ سَلَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ- وَ سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ مَلَائِكَتُهُ.
When he greets (Salaam) from his Salat, Allah-azwj Greets upon him, and the Angels greet upon him’’.[126]
43- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ، عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَ حُمْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي قَوْلِهِ وَ اصْبِرْ نَفْسَكَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُمْ بِالْغَداةِ وَ الْعَشِيِ قَالَ إِنَّمَا عَنَى بِهَا الصَّلَاةَ.
Al Ayyashi, from Zurara and Humran,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws and Abu Abdullah-asws regarding His-azwj Words: ‘And observe patience yourself along with those who are supplicating to their Lord morning and evening [18:28]. He-asws said: ‘But rather, He-azwj Meant the Salat by it’’.[127]
44- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ إِدْرِيسَ الْقُمِّيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ الْباقِياتُ الصَّالِحاتُ فَقَالَ هِيَ الصَّلَاةُ فَحَافِظُوا عَلَيْهَا.
And from it, from Idrees Al-Qummi who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah about: and the lasting righteous deeds [18:46]. He-asws said: ‘These are the Salats, therefore be preserving upon these’’.[128]
45- مَجَالِسُ الْمُفِيدِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ سَابِقٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ لَهِيعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَ: خَطَبَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَ أَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ بَعْدَ كَلَامٍ تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ عَلَيْكُمْ بِالصَّلَاةِ عَلَيْكُمْ بِالصَّلَاةِ فَإِنَّهَا عَمُودُ دِينِكُمْ كَابِدُوا اللَّيْلَ بِالصَّلَاةِ وَ اذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَثِيراً يُكَفِّرْ سَيِّئَاتِكُمْ
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of Al Mufeed – from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin al Waleed, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Al Saffar, from Al Abbas Bin marouf, from Ali Bin Mahziyar, from Ismail Bin Abbad, from Al Hassan Bin Muhammad, from Suleyman Bin Sabiq, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Abdullah Bin Lahiya, from Abu Al Zubeyr,
‘From Jabir Bin Abdullah Al-Ansari-ra having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww addressed us. He-saww praised Allah-azwj and extolled upon Him-azwj, the said after a speech he-saww spoke with: ‘O you people! Upon you all is with the Salat! Upon you all is with the Salat, for it is a pillar of your religion. Endure the night with the Salat, and mention Allah-azwj a lot, your evil deeds will be atoned for.
إِنَّمَا مَثَلُ هَذِهِ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسِ مَثَلُ نَهَرٍ جَارٍ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ بَابِ أَحَدِكُمْ يَغْتَسِلُ مِنْهُ فِي الْيَوْمِ خَمْسَ اغْتِسَالاتٍ فَكَمَا يَنْقَى بَدَنُهُ مِنَ الدَّرَنِ بِتَوَاتُرِ الْغَسْلِ فَكَذَا يَنْقَى مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ مَعَ مُدَاوَمَتِهِ الصَّلَاةَ فَلَا يَبْقَى مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ شَيْءٌ
But rather, an example of these five (daily) Salat is an example of a river flowing in front of the door of one of you. He washes from it five washings during the day. Just as his body is purified from the dirt with the consecutive washing. Like that, he would be purified from the sins with his constancy with the Salat, so there will not remain anything from his sins.
أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ مَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ إِلَّا وَ هُوَ يُضْرَبُ عَلَيْهِ بِحَزَائِمَ مَعْقُودَةٍ فَإِذَا ذَهَبَ ثُلُثَا اللَّيْلِ وَ بَقِيَ ثُلُثُهُ أَتَاهُ مَلَكٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ قُمْ فَاذْكُرِ اللَّهَ فَقَدْ دَنَا الصُّبْحُ
O you people! There is no servant except and knotted binds are struck upon him. When two-third of the night is gone and a third of it remain, an Angel comes to him. He said to him: ‘Stand and do Zikr of Allah-azwj, for the morning has drawn near!’’
قَالَ فَإِنْ هُوَ تَحَرَّكَ وَ ذَكَرَ اللَّهَ انْحَلَّتْ عَنْهُ عُقْدَةٌ وَ إِنْ هُوَ قَامَ فَتَوَضَّأَ وَ دَخَلَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ انْحَلَّتْ عَنْهُ الْعُقَدُ كُلُّهُنَّ فَيُصْبِحُ حِينَ يُصْبِحُ قَرِيرَ الْعَيْنِ.
He-saww said: ‘If he moves and does Zikr of Allah-azwj, a know is untied from him, and if he stands and performs Wud’u and enters into the Salat, all the knots are untied from him. So, he comes to the morning when he comes to it with the delighted eyes’’.[129]
46- فَلَاحُ السَّائِلِ، مِنْ تَارِيخِ الْخَطِيبِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص قَالَ: تَحْتَرِقُونَ فَإِذَا صَلَّيْتُمُ الْفَجْرَ غَسَلَتْهَا ثُمَّ تَحْتَرِقُونَ تَحْتَرِقُونَ فَإِذَا صَلَّيْتُمُ الظُّهْرَ غَسَلَتْهَا
(The book) ‘Falah Al Sa’ail’, from ‘Tareekh Al Khateeb’ – from Ibn Masoud,
‘From the Prophet-saww having said: ‘You are burning (with sins), so when you pray Al-Fajr Salat, you are washing these (sins) off. Then you are burning, you are burning (with sins). When you pray Al-Zohr Salat, you are washing these (sins) off.
ثُمَّ تَحْتَرِقُونَ تَحْتَرِقُونَ فَإِذَا صَلَّيْتُمُ الْعَصْرَ غَسَلَتْهَا ثُمَّ تَحْتَرِقُونَ تَحْتَرِقُونَ فَإِذَا صَلَّيْتُمُ الْمَغْرِبَ غَسَلَتْهَا ثُمَّ تَحْتَرِقُونَ تَحْتَرِقُونَ فَإِذَا صَلَّيْتُمُ الْعِشَاءَ غَسَلَتْهَا ثُمَّ تَنَامُونَ فَلَا يُكْتَبُ عَلَيْكُمْ حَتَّى تَغْتَسِلُوا.
Then you are burning, you are burning (with sins). When you pray Al-Asr Salat, you are washing these (sins) off. Then you are burning, you are burning (with sins). When you pray Al-Maghrib Salat, you are washing these off. Then you are burning, you are burning. When you pray Al-Isha Salat, you are washing these off. Then you are sleeping, so nothing is written against you until you wash (sins off again)’’.[130]
مِنْ كِتَابِ حِلْيَةِ الْأَوْلِيَاءِ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ زِرِّ بْنِ حُبَيْشٍ أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُنَادِياً عِنْدَ حَضْرَةِ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ فَيَقُولُ يَا بَنِي آدَمَ قُومُوا فَأَطْفِئُوا عَنْكُمْ مَا أَوْقَدْتُمُوهُ عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ
From the book ‘Hilyat Al Awliya’ – by his chain, from Zirr Bin Hubeysh, he narrated it from Abdullah Bin Masoud,
‘From Rasool-Allah-saww having said: ‘I-saww heard a caller calling out at the presence of every Salat saying: ‘O sons of Adam-as! Arise and extinguish from you what you have ignited upon yourselves!’
فَيَقُومُونَ فَيَتَطَهَّرُونَ فَتَسْقُطُ خَطَايَاهُمْ مِنْ أَعْيُنِهِمْ وَ يُصَلُّونَ فَيُغْفَرُ لَهُمْ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا ثُمَّ تُوقِدُونَ فِيمَا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ
So, they stand and cleanse, and their sins falls off from their eyes, and they pray Salat, so it is Forgiven for them whatever is between the two. Then they ignite in what is between that.
فَإِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ صَلَاةِ الْأُولَى نَادَى يَا بَنِي آدَمَ قُومُوا فَأَطْفِئُوا مَا أَوْقَدْتُمْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ فَيَقُومُونَ فَيَتَطَهَّرُونَ وَ يُصَلُّونَ فَيُغْفَرُ لَهُمْ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا
When it is during the first Salat, he calls out: ‘O sons of Adam-as! Extinguish what you have ignited upon yourselves!’ They stand and cleanse, and they pray, so it is Forgiven for them what is between the two.
فَإِذَا حَضَرَتِ الْعَصْرُ فَمِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فَإِذَا حَضَرَتِ الْمَغْرِبُ فَمِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فَإِذَا حَضَرَتِ الْعَتَمَةُ فَمِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فَيَنَامُونَ وَ قَدْ غُفِرَ لَهُمْ
When Al-Asr presents, it is similar to that. When Al-Maghrib presents, it is similar to that. When the Al-Isha presents, it is similar to that. Then they sleep, and (sins) have been Forgiven for them’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَمُدْلِجٌ فِي خَيْرٍ وَ مُدْلِجٌ فِي شَرٍّ.
Then Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘So he sets out in good deeds and sets out in evil deeds’’.[131]
47- الْمُقْنِعُ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَيْسَ مِنِّي مَنِ اسْتَخَفَّ بِصَلَاتِهِ- لَا يَرِدُ عَلَيَّ الْحَوْضَ لَا وَ اللَّهِ.
(The book) ‘Al Muqnie’ –
He said, ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘He isn’t from me-saww, one who takes lightly with his Salat. He will not arrive to me-saww at the Fountain, no by Allah-azwj, (he won’t)’’.[132]
48- نَهْجُ الْبَلَاغَةِ، عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي كَلَامٍ يُوصِي أَصْحَابَهُ تَعَاهَدُوا أَمْرَ الصَّلَاةِ وَ حَافِظُوا عَلَيْهَا وَ اسْتَكْثِرُوا مِنْهَا وَ تَقَرَّبُوا بِهَا فَإِنَّهَا كانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتاباً مَوْقُوتاً أَ لَا تَسْمَعُونَ إِلَى جَوَابِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ حِينَ سُئِلُوا ما سَلَكَكُمْ فِي سَقَرَ قالُوا لَمْ نَكُ مِنَ الْمُصَلِّينَ
(The book) ‘Nahj Al Balagah’ –
‘From Amir Al-Momineen-asws having said in a speech advising his-asws companions: ‘‘Pledge with the matter of the Salat and be preserving upon it, and frequent from it and draw closer (to Allah-azwj) by it, for it is a timed Ordinance for the Momineen [4:103]. Are you not listening to an answer of the people of the Fire when they would be asked, What brought you into Saqar (Inferno)? [74:42] They shall say, ‘We were not from the Musalleen [74:43].
وَ إِنَّهَا لَتَحُتُّ الذُّنُوبَ حَتَّ الْوَرَقِ وَ تُطْلِقُهَا إِطْلَاقَ الرِّبَقِ وَ شَبَّهَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص بِالْحَمَّةِ تَكُونُ عَلَى بَابِ الرَّجُلِ فَهُوَ يَغْتَسِلُ مِنْهَا فِي الْيَوْمِ وَ اللَّيْلَةِ خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ فَمَا عَسَى أَنْ يَبْقَى عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الدَّرَنِ
And it tends to drop the sins (like) dropping of the leaves and removes them (like) the removal of the noose. Rasool-Allah-saww resembled it with the bathhouse which happens to be at the door of a man, so he bathes from it five times during the day and night. Would there remain any filth on him, and he had recognised its right?’
وَ قَدْ عَرَفَ حَقَّهَا وَ سَاقَهُ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ وَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص نَصِباً بِالصَّلَاةِ بَعْدَ التَّبْشِيرِ لَهُ بِالْجَنَّةِ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ سُبْحَانَهُ وَ أْمُرْ أَهْلَكَ بِالصَّلاةِ وَ اصْطَبِرْ عَلَيْها فَكَانَ يَأْمُرُ بِهَا أَهْلَهُ وَ يَصْبِرُ عَلَيْهَا نَفْسَهُ
And he continued up to his-asws words: ‘And Rasool-Allah-saww had still established the Salat even after his-saww receiving glad tidings of the Paradise due to the Words of Allah-azwj the Glorious: And enjoin your family with the Salat and be constant upon it. [20:132]. So, he-saww used to instruct his-saww family with it and was patience upon it himself-saww’’.[133]
49- مَجَالِسُ الشَّيْخِ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ زُرَيْقٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ أَيُّ الْأَعْمَالِ أَفْضَلُ بَعْدَ الْمَعْرِفَةِ
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of the Sheykh – by his chain from Zureyq,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘Which of the deeds is the best are the recognition (of Wilayah)?’
قَالَ مَا مِنْ شَيْءٍ بَعْدَ الْمَعْرِفَةِ يَعْدِلُ هَذِهِ الصَّلَاةَ وَ لَا بَعْدَ الْمَعْرِفَةِ وَ الصَّلَاةِ شَيْءٌ يَعْدِلُ الزَّكَاةَ وَ لَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ يَعْدِلُ الصَّوْمَ وَ لَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ يَعْدِلُ الْحَجَّ وَ فَاتِحَةُ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ مَعْرِفَتُنَا وَ خَاتِمَتُهُ مَعْرِفَتُنَا الْخَبَرَ.
He-asws said: ‘After the recognition (of Wilayah), there is nothing equating to this Salat, nor is there anything after the recognition (of Wilayah) and the Salat anything equating to the Zakat, nor is there anything after that equating to the fasting, nor is there anything after that equating to the Hajj, and the beginning of all that is having our-asws recognition, and its ending is having our-asws recognition’ – the Hadeeth’’.[134]
50- دَعَوَاتُ الرَّاوَنْدِيِّ، سَأَلَ مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ وَهْبٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ أَفْضَلِ مَا يَتَقَرَّبُ بِهِ الْعِبَادُ إِلَى رَبِّهِمْ
(The book) ‘Dawaat’ of Al Rawandy –
‘Muawiya Bin Wahab asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the best of what the servants can be drawing closer to their Lord-azwj.
فَقَالَ مَا أَعْلَمُ شَيْئاً بَعْدَ الْمَعْرِفَةِ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الصَّلَاةِ أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ الصَّالِحَ عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ قَالَ وَ أَوْصانِي بِالصَّلاةِ وَ سُئِلَ النَّبِيُّ ص عَنْ أَفْضَلِ الْأَعْمَالِ قَالَ الصَّلَاةُ لِأَوَّلِ وَقْتِهَا.
He-asws said: ‘I-asws don’t know of anything after the recognition (of Wilayah) anything better than this Salat. Don’t you see the righteous servant Isa-as Ibn Maryam-as said: and He has Enjoined upon me with the Salat [19:31]; and the Prophet-saww was asked about best of the deeds. He-saww said: ‘The Salat at the beginning of its timings’’.[135]
51 كَنْزُ الْكَرَاجُكِيِّ، قَالَ لُقْمَانُ لِابْنِهِ يا بُنَيَّ أَقِمِ الصَّلاةَ فَإِنَّمَا مَثَلُهَا فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ كَمَثَلِ عَمُودِ فُسْطَاطٍ فَإِنَّ الْعَمُودَ إِذَا اسْتَقَامَ نَفَعَتِ الْأَطْنَابُ وَ الْأَوْتَادُ وَ الظِّلَالُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَقِمْ لَمْ يَنْفَعْ وَتِدٌ وَ لَا طُنُبٌ وَ لَا ظِلَالٌ.
(The book) ‘Kanz’ of Al Karajaky –
‘Luqman-as said to his-as son: ‘O my son! Establish the Salat [31:17]. Rather, it’s example in the religion of Allah-azwj is like an example of a pillar (pole) of the tent. If the pillar is straight, the ropes and the pegs and the canopy will benefit, and if it is not straight, neither a peg, nor a rope nor canopy will benefit’’.[136]
52 عُدَّةُ الدَّاعِي، وَ دَعَائِمُ الْإِسْلَامِ، عَنِ الْبَاقِرِ ع يَا بَاغِيَ الْعِلْمِ صَلِّ قَبْلَ أَنْ لَا تَقْدِرَ عَلَى لَيْلٍ وَ لَا نَهَارٍ تُصَلِّي فِيهِ إِنَّمَا مَثَلُ الصَّلَاةِ لِصَاحِبِهَا كَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ دَخَلَ عَلَى ذِي سُلْطَانٍ فَأَنْصَتَ لَهُ حَتَّى فَرَغَ مِنْ حَاجَتِهِ وَ كَذَلِكَ الْمَرْءُ الْمُسْلِمُ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَا دَامَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ لَمْ يَزَلِ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَفْرُغَ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ.
(The book) ‘Uddat Al Daie’, and ‘Da’aim Al-Islam’ –
‘From Al-Baqir-asws: ‘O seeker of knowledge! Pray Salat before you are no longer able upon a night nor a day to be praying in it. But rather, an example of the Salat to its performer is like an example of a man entering to see a ruler, so he (ruler) listens to him until he is free from requesting his need; and like that is the Muslim person, by the Permission of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, for as long as he is in the Salat. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic does not cease to Look at him until he is free from his Salat’’.[137]
53 غَوَالِي اللَّآلِي، قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص أَوَّلُ مَا يُنْظَرُ فِي عَمَلِ الْعَبْدِ فِي يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ فِي صَلَاتِهِ فَإِنْ قُبِلَتْ نُظِرَ فِي غَيْرِهَا وَ إِنْ لَمْ تُقْبَلْ لَمْ يُنْظَرْ فِي عَمَلِهِ بِشَيْءٍ.
(The book) ‘Gawali Al La’ali’ –
‘The Prophet-saww said: ‘On the Day of Qiyamah, the first of what He-azwj the deeds of the servant will be looked at is regarding his Salat. If it Accepted, other matters will be looked at, and if it is not Accepted, nothing in his deeds will be looked at’’.[138]
وَ قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع شَفَاعَتُنَا لَا تَنَالُ مُسْتَخِفّاً بِصَلَاتِهِ.
And Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘Our-asws intercession cannot be attained by one taking lightly with his Salat’’.[139]
54 الْمُعْتَبَرُ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَا يَزَالُ الشَّيْطَانُ ذَعِراً مِنْ أَمْرِ الْمُؤْمِنِ مَا حَافَظَ عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسِ فَإِذَا ضَيَّعَهُنَّ اجْتَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ.
(The book) ‘Al Mo’tabar’ –
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The Satan-la does not cease fearing from the affairs of the Momin for as long as he preserves upon the five (daily) Salawaat. When he is weak from these, he-la is emboldened upon him’’.[140]
وَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ عَمُودَ الدِّينِ الصَّلَاةُ وَ هِيَ أَوَّلُ مَا يَنْزِلُ فِيهِ مِنْ عَمَلِ ابْنِ آدَمَ فَإِنْ صَحَّتْ نُظِرَ فِي عَمَلِهِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَصِحَّ لَمْ يُنْظَرْ فِي بَقِيَّةِ عَمَلِهِ.
And from Ali-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘A pillar of the religion is the Salat, and it is the first of what was Revealed from the deeds of the son of Adam-as. If it is correct, his deeds will be looked into, and if it is not correct, the remainder of his deeds will not be looked into’’.[141]
وَ قَالَ ع لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَجْهٌ وَ وَجْهُ دِينِكُمُ الصَّلَاةُ.
And he-asws said: ‘For every thing there is a face, and the face of your religion is the Salat’’.[142]
55 الْكَافِي، وَ الْفَقِيهُ، وَ التَّهْذِيبُ، بِأَسَانِيدِهِمْ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع قَالَ: صَلَاةٌ فَرِيضَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ عِشْرِينَ حَجَّةً وَ حَجَّةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ بَيْتٍ مَمْلُوٍّ ذَهَباً يُتَصَدَّقُ مِنْهُ حَتَّى يَفْنَى أَوْ حَتَّى لَا يَبْقَى مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ.
(The books) ‘Al Kafi’, and ‘Al Faqeeh’, and ‘Al Tahzeeb’, by their chains,
‘An obligatory Salat is better than twenty Hajj, and one Hajj is better that a house filled with gold given in charity with until it depletes, or until there does not remain anything from it’’.[143]
تبيين نقل أن النبي ص سئل أي الأعمال أفضل فقال الصلاة لأول وقتها و سئل أيضا أي الأعمال أفضل فقال بر الوالدين و سئل أي الأعمال أفضل فقال حج مبرور.
Clarification (Hadeeth) only – ‘The Prophet-saww was asked, ‘Which of the deeds is the best?’ He-saww said: ‘The Salat at the beginning of its timings’. And he-saww was asked as well, ‘Which of the deeds is the best?’ He-saww said: ‘Righteousness with the parents’. And he-saww was asked, ‘Which of the deeds is the best?’ He-saww said: ‘And Accepted Hajj’’.
56 الْخِصَالُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الطَّالَقَانِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ الْمُنْذِرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ جَيْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبَانٍ الْأَحْمَرِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُلْوَانَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ ضَمْرَةَ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: سُئِلَ النَّبِيُّ ص عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فَقَالَ ص الصَّلَاةُ مِنْ شَرَائِعِ الدِّينِ وَ فِيهَا مَرْضَاةُ الرَّبِّ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَهِيَ مِنْهَاجُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ-
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – from Muhammad Bin Ibrahim Bin Is’haq Al Talaqani, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Saeed, from Al Munzari Bin Muhammad, from Jayfar, from Aban Al Ahmar, from Al Husayn Bin Ulwan, from Umar Bin Sabir, from his father, from Zamrah Bin Habeeb who said,
‘The Prophet-saww was asked about the Salat. He-saww said: ‘The Salat is from the laws of religion and in it is Satisfaction of the Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic. Thus, it is a manifesto of the Prophets-as.
وَ لِلْمُصَلِّي حُبُّ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَ هُدًى وَ إِيمَانٌ وَ نُورُ الْمَعْرِفَةِ وَ بَرَكَةٌ فِي الرِّزْقِ وَ رَاحَةٌ لِلْبَدَنِ وَ كَرَاهَةٌ لِلشَّيْطَانِ وَ سِلَاحٌ عَلَى الْكُفَّارِ وَ إِجَابَةٌ لِلدُّعَاءِ وَ قَبُولٌ لِلْأَعْمَالِ
And for the praying one is love of the Angels, and guidance, and Eman, and Noor of the recognition, and Blessings in the sustenance, and comfort for the body, and abhorrence of the Satan-la, and a weapon against the Kafirs, and Answering of the supplication, and Acceptance of the deeds.
وَ زَادٌ لِلْمُؤْمِنِ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا إِلَى الْآخِرَةِ وَ شَفِيعٌ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ مَلَكِ الْمَوْتِ وَ أَنِيسٌ فِي قَبْرِهِ وَ فِرَاشٌ تَحْتَ جَنْبِهِ وَ جَوَابٌ لِمُنْكَرٍ وَ نَكِيرٍ
And (it is) a provision for the Momin from the world to the Hereafter, and an interceder between him and the Angel of death, and a comforter in his grave, and mattress beneath his sides, and an answer to Munkar and Nakeer (questioning Angels).
وَ تَكُونُ صَلَاةُ الْعَبْدِ عِنْدَ الْمَحْشَرِ تَاجاً عَلَى رَأْسِهِ وَ نُوراً عَلَى وَجْهِهِ وَ لِبَاساً عَلَى بَدَنِهِ وَ سِتْراً بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ النَّارِ وَ حُجَّةً بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ الرَّبِّ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ وَ نَجَاةً لِبَدَنِهِ مِنَ النَّارِ وَ جَوَازاً عَلَى الصِّرَاطِ وَ مِفْتَاحاً لِلْجَنَّةِ وَ مُهُوراً لِلْحُورِ الْعِينِ وَ ثَمَناً لِلْجَنَّةِ
And Salat of the servant at the plains of Resurrection would be a crown upon his head, and a radiance upon his face, and a tongue upon his body, and a veil between him and the Fire, and an argument between him and the Lord-azwj, Majestic is His-azwj Majesty, and a salvation for his body from the Fire, and a permit upon the Bridge, and (it is) a key to the Paradise, and a dower for the Maiden Hourie, and a price for the Paradise.
بِالصَّلَاةِ يَبْلُغُ الْعَبْدُ إِلَى الدَّرَجَةِ الْعُلْيَا لِأَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ تَسْبِيحٌ وَ تَهْلِيلٌ وَ تَحْمِيدٌ وَ تَكْبِيرٌ وَ تَمْجِيدٌ وَ تَقْدِيسٌ وَ قَوْلٌ وَ دَعْوَةٌ.
With the Salat, the servant will reach to the lofty ranks, because the Salat is a glorification (of Allah-azwj), and extollations of Oneness, and praise, and exclamation of Takbeer, and extollations of Glory and Holiness, and a word, and a supplication’’.[144]
57 دَعَائِمُ الْإِسْلَامِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع قَالَ: أُوصِيكُمْ بِالصَّلَاةِ الَّتِي هِيَ عَمُودُ الدِّينِ وَ قِوَامُ الْإِسْلَامِ فَلَا تَغْفُلُوا عَنْهَا.
(The book) ‘Da’aim Al-Islam’ –
‘From Ali-asws having said: ‘I-asws advise you with the Salat which is a pillar of your religion, and a foundation of Al-Islam, therefore do not be heedless from it’’.[145]
وَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ لِبَعْضِ شِيعَتِهِ بَلِّغْ مَوَالِيَنَا عَنَّا السَّلَامَ وَ قُلْ لَهُمْ لَا أُغْنِي عَنْكُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئاً إِلَّا بِوَرَعٍ فَاحْفَظُوا أَلْسِنَتَكُمْ وَ كُفُّوا أَيْدِيَكُمْ وَ عَلَيْكُمْ بِالصَّبْرِ وَ الصَّلَاةِ فَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الصَّابِرِينَ.
And from Abu Ja’far-asws having said to one of his-asws Shias: ‘Deliver the greetings to our-asws friends on our-asws behalf, and say to them, ‘Nothing will avail you from Allah-azwj except with devoutness (piety), therefore preserve your tongues, and restrain your hands; and upon you is with the patience and the Salat, for Allah-azwj is with the patient ones!’’[146]
وَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع قَالَ: لَا حَظَّ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ لِمَنْ تَرَكَ الصَّلَاةَ.
And from Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws having said: ‘There is no share in Al-Islam for the one who neglects the Salat’’.[147]
وَ عَنْهُ ع قَالَ: أَتَى رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ادْعُ اللَّهَ لِي أَنْ يُدْخِلَنِي الْجَنَّةَ
And from him-asws having said: ‘A man came to Rasool-Allah-saww. He said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! Supplicate to Allah-azwj for me to Admit me into the Paradise’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ أَعِنِّي عَلَيْهِ بِكَثْرَةِ السُّجُودِ.
He-saww said to him: ‘Assist me-saww upon it by frequenting the Sajdah(s)’’.[148]
وَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع قَالَ: الصَّلَوَاتُ الْخَمْسُ كَفَّارَةٌ لِمَا بَيْنَهُنَّ مَا اجْتَنَبَ مِنَ الْكَبَائِرِ وَ هِيَ الَّتِي قَالَ اللَّهُ إِنَّ الْحَسَناتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئاتِ ذلِكَ ذِكْرى لِلذَّاكِرِينَ.
And from Ali-asws having said: ‘The five (daily) Salats is an atonement for whatever is between these, for as long as you stay away from the major sins, and these are which Allah-azwj Said: ‘And establish the Salat in the two ends of the day and near from the night. Surely the good deeds erase the evil deeds, that is a Reminder for the mindful [11:114]’’.[149]
وَ عَنْهُ ع قَالَ: أَحَبُّ الْأَعْمَالِ إِلَى اللَّهِ الصَّلَاةُ فَمَا شَيْءٌ أَحْسَنَ مِنْ أَنْ يَغْتَسِلَ الرَّجُلُ أَوْ يَتَوَضَّأَ فَيُسْبِغَ الْوُضُوءَ ثُمَّ يَبْرُزَ حَيْثُ لَا يَرَاهُ أَحَدٌ فَيُشْرِفُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ هُوَ رَاكِعٌ وَ سَاجِدٌ
And from him-asws having said: ‘The deeds most Beloved to Allah-azwj is the Salat. There is nothing more excellent than the man washing, or performing Wud’u, so he perfects the Wud’u, then he goes out whereby no one can see him, so (only) Allah-azwj Looks upon him while he is performing Ruk’u and Sajdah!
إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ إِذَا سَجَدَ نَادَى إِبْلِيسُ يَا وَيْلَهُ أَطَاعَ وَ عَصَيْتُ وَ سَجَدَ وَ أَبَيْتُ وَ أَقْرَبُ مَا يَكُونُ الْعَبْدُ مِنَ اللَّهِ إِذَا سَجَدَ.
When the servant performs Sajdah, Iblees-la calls out, ‘He obeys while I-la disobeyed, and he performs Sajdah while I-la refused!’; and the closest of what the servant can be to Allah-azwj is when he is performing Sajdah’’.[150]
وَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: إِذَا أَحْرَمَ الْعَبْدُ الْمُسْلِمُ فِي صَلَاتِهِ أَقْبَلَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ بِوَجْهِهِ وَ وَكَّلَ بِهِ مَلَكاً يَلْتَقِطُ الْقُرْآنَ مِنْ فِيهِ الْتِقَاطاً فَإِذَا أَعْرَضَ أَعْرَضَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَ وَكَلَهُ إِلَى الْمَلَكِ.
And from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘When the Muslims servant wears Ihraam in his Salat, Allah-azwj Turns to him with His-azwj Face, and Allocates and Angel to him to swallow the Quran (recitation) from his mouth a swallowing. When he turns away, Allah-azwj Turns away from him and Allocates him to the Angel’’.[151]
58 مَجَالِسُ الشَّيْخِ، عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي الْمُفَضَّلِ عَنْ رَجَاءِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْعَبَرْتَائِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ شَمُّونٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَصَمِّ عَنِ الْفُضَيْلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِي حَرْبِ بْنِ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ الدُّؤَلِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فِيمَا أَوْصَى إِلَيْهِ يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَعَلَ قُرَّةَ عَيْنِي فِي الصَّلَاةِ وَ حَبَّبَهَا إِلَيَّ كَمَا حَبَّبَ إِلَى الْجَائِعِ الطَّعَامَ وَ إِلَى الظَّمْآنِ الْمَاءَ وَ إِنَّ الْجَائِعَ إِذَا أَكَلَ الطَّعَامَ شَبِعَ وَ الظَّمْآنَ إِذَا شَرِبَ الْمَاءَ
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of the Sheykh – from a group of his companions, from Abu Al Mufazzal, from Raja’a Bin Yahya Al Abartaie, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn Bin Shamoun, from Abdullah Bin Abdul Rahman Al Asamma, from Al Fuzeyl Bin Yasaar, from Wahab Bin Abdullah, from Abu harb Bin Abu Al Aswad Al dowly, from his father,
‘From Abu Zarr-ra, may Allah-azwj Mercy him-ra, said, ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said among what he-saww advised to him-ra: ‘O Abu Zarr-ra! Allah-azwj has Made delight of my-saww eyes to be in the Salat, and Caused it to be beloved to me-saww, just as the food is beloved to the hungry and the water is to the thirsty, and when the hungry eats the food he is satiated, and when the thirsty drinks the water he is saturated’.
رَوِيَ وَ أَنَا لَا أَشْبَعُ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ
It is reported: ‘And I-saww don’t get satiated from praying the Salat.
يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بَعَثَ عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ ع بِالرَّهْبَانِيَّةِ وَ بُعِثْتُ بِالْحَنِيفِيَّةِ السَّمْحَةِ وَ حُبِّبَ إِلَيَّ النِّسَاءُ وَ الطِّيبُ جُعِلَتْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ قُرَّةُ عَيْنِي
O Abu Zarr-ra! Allah-azwj Sent Isa-as Ibn Maryam-as with the monasticism, and I-saww have been Sent with the uprightness, the tolerance, and beloved to me-saww are the women, and the perfume. The delight of my-saww eyes has been Made to be in the Salat.
يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ مَا دُمْتَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَإِنَّكَ تَقْرَعُ بَابَ الْمَلِكِ وَ مَنْ يُكْثِرْ قَرْعَ بَابِ الْمَلِكِ يُفْتَحْ لَهُ
O Abu Zarr-ra! For as long as you-ra as in the Salat, you are knocking a door of the King, and one who frequently knocks on a door of the King, it is opened for him.
يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ مَا مِنْ مُؤْمِنٍ يَقُومُ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ إِلَّا تَنَاثَرَ عَلَيْهِ الْبِرُّ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ الْعَرْشِ وَ وَكَّلَ بِهِ مَلَكٌ يُنَادِي يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ لَوْ تَعْلَمُ مَا لَكَ فِي صَلَاتِكَ وَ مَنْ تُنَاجِي مَا سَئِمْتَ وَ مَا الْتَفَتَ
O Abu Zarr-ra! There is none from a Momin standing to the Salat except the righteousness is sprinkled upon him what is between him and the Throne, and an Angel is Allocated with him. He calls out: ‘O son of Adam-as! Had you known what is for you in your Salat, and the One-azwj you are whispering to, you would neither get fed up and would not turn around (stop praying Salat)’.
يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ مَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ يَجْعَلُ جَبْهَتَهُ فِي بُقْعَةٍ مِنْ بِقَاعِ الْأَرْضِ إِلَّا شَهِدَتْ لَهُ بِهَا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ
O Abu Zarr-ra! There is no man making his forehead to be in a spot from spots of the earth, except it will testify for him on the Day of Qiyamah.
يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ مَا مِنْ صَبَاحٍ وَ لَا رَوَاحٍ إِلَّا وَ بِقَاعُ الْأَرْضِ يُنَادِي بَعْضُهَا بَعْضاً يَا جَارَةِ هَلْ مَرَّ بِكِ الْيَوْمَ ذَاكِرٌ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَوْ عَبْدٌ وَضَعَ جَبْهَتَهُ عَلَيْكِ سَاجِداً لِلَّهِ
O Abu Zarr-ra! There is neither any morning nor evening except and spots of the earth call out to each other, ‘O neighbour! Has there passed by you today one doing Zikr of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, or a servant placing his forehead upon you in Sajdah to Allah-azwj?’
فَمِنْ قَائِلَةٍ لَا وَ مِنْ قَائِلَةٍ نَعَمْ فَإِذَا قَالَ نَعَمْ اهْتَزَّتْ وَ انْشَرَحَتْ وَ تَرَى أَنَّ لَهَا الْفَضْلَ عَلَى جَارَتِهَا.
From its speakers is one which says ‘yes’, and from its speakers is one which says, ‘no’. When it says, ‘yes’, it shakes and expands, and sees that there is a merit for it over its neighbour’’.[152]
59 الْمَحَاسِنُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الصَّلْتِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: بُنِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ عَلَى خَمْسَةِ أَشْيَاءَ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ وَ الزَّكَاةِ وَ الْحَجِّ وَ الصَّوْمِ وَ الْوَلَايَةِ
(The book) ‘Al Mahasin’ – from Abdullah Bin Al Salt, from Hammad Bin Isa, from Hareyz Bin Abdullah, from Zurarah,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Al-Islam is built upon five things – upon the Salat, and the Zakat, and the Hajj, and the fasting, and the Wilayah’.
قَالَ زُرَارَةُ فَأَيُّ ذَلِكَ أَفْضَلُ
Zurara said, ‘Which of that is superior?’
قَالَ الْوَلَايَةُ أَفْضَلُ لِأَنَّهَا مِفْتَاحُهُنَّ وَ الْوَالِي هُوَ الدَّلِيلُ عَلَيْهِنَّ
He-asws said: ‘The Wilayah is superior, because it is their key, and the Guardian (Imam-asws), he is the pointed upon these’.
قُلْتُ ثُمَّ الَّذِي يَلِي ذَلِكَ فِي الْفَضْلِ
I said, ‘The which follows that in the superiority?’
قَالَ الصَّلَاةُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ الصَّلَاةُ عَمُودُ دِينِكُمْ
He-asws said: ‘The Salat. Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The Salat is a pillar of your religion’’.
قَالَ قُلْتُ ثُمَّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ فِي الْفَضْلِ
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘The which follows it in the superiority?’
قَالَ الزَّكَاةُ لِأَنَّهُ قَرَنَهَا بِهَا وَ بَدَأَ بِالصَّلَاةِ قَبْلَهَا وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الزَّكَاةُ تَذْهَبُ بِالذُّنُوبِ
He-asws said: ‘The Zakat, because it is paired with it, and the Salat is begun with before it; and Rasool-Allah-saww said; ‘The Zakat does away with the sins’.
قُلْتُ فَالَّذِي يَلِيهِ فِي الْفَضْلِ
I said, ‘So the one which follows it in the superiority?’
قَالَ الْحَجُّ
He-asws said: ‘The Hajj’.
وَ سَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ قُلْتُ ثُمَّ مَا ذَا يَتْبَعُهُ
And he continued the Hadeeth up to he said, ‘I said, ‘Then what is that which follows it?’
قَالَ الصَّوْمُ
He-asws said: ‘The fasting’.
قُلْتُ وَ مَا بَالُ الصَّوْمِ صَارَ آخِرَ ذَلِكَ أَجْمَعَ
I said, ‘And what is the matter the fasting came to be at the end of that all?’
قَالَ أَفْضَلُ الْأَشْيَاءِ مَا إِذَا أَنْتَ فَاتَكَ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْهُ تَوْبَةٌ دُونَ أَنْ تَرْجِعَ إِلَيْهِ فَتُؤَدِّيَهُ بِعَيْنِهِ إِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ وَ الزَّكَاةَ وَ الْحَجَّ وَ الْوَلَايَةَ لَيْسَ شَيْءٌ يَقَعُ مَكَانَهَا دُونَ أَدَائِهَا وَ إِنَّ الصَّوْمَ إِذَا فَاتَكَ أَوْ قَصَّرْتَ وَ سَافَرْتَ فِيهِ أَدَّيْتَ مَكَانَهُ أَيَّاماً غَيْرَهَا وَ جُبِرَتْ ذَلِكَ الذَّنْبُ بِصَدَقَةٍ وَ لَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْكَ وَ لَيْسَ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ شَيْءٌ يُجْزِيكَ مَكَانَهُ غَيْرُهُ.
He-asws said: ‘The most superior of things is what, when you were to lose it, there would be no repentance from it unless you return to it so you can fulfil with exactly it. The Salat, and the Zakat, and the Hajj, and Wilayah, there isn’t anything occurring in its place apart from fulfilling it, while the fasting, when you miss it, or are deficient and have travelled during it, you can fulfil (other) days in its place apart for it (which was missed), and that sin would be compelled with giving charity, and there is no repayment upon you, and there isn’t anything from those four which can suffice in its place apart from it’’.[153]
60 الْهِدَايَةُ لِلصَّدُوقِ، الدَّعَائِمُ الَّتِي بُنِيَ عَلَيْهَا الْإِسْلَامُ سِتٌّ الصَّلَاةُ وَ الزَّكَاةُ وَ الصَّوْمُ وَ الْحَجُّ وَ الْجِهَادُ وَ الْوَلَايَةُ وَ هِيَ أَفْضَلُهُنَّ وَ مَنْ تَرَكَ وَاحِدَةً مِنْ هَذِهِ الْخَمْسِ عَمْداً مُتَعَمِّداً فَهُوَ كَافِرٌ وَ لَا صَلَاةَ إِلَّا بِوُضُوءٍ وَ الصَّلَاةُ تَتِمُّ بِالنَّوَافِلِ وَ الْوُضُوءُ بِغُسْلِ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ.
(The book) ‘Al Hidaya’ of Al Sadouq –
‘The pillars which Al-Islam has been built upon are six – the Salat, and the Zakaat, and the fasting, and the Hajj, and the Jihad, and the Wilayah, and it (Wilayah) is their superior; and the one who neglects one of these five deliberately, he is a Kafir; and there is no Salat except with Wud’u, and the Salat is completed with the optional ones, while the Wud’u (is completed) with washing on the day of Friday’’.[154]
61 الْمَجَازَاتُ النَّبَوِيَّةُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص قَالَ: إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمَ إِذَا تَوَضَّأَ وَ صَلَّى الْخَمْسَ تَحَاتَّتْ خَطَايَاهُ كَمَا تَتَحَاتُّ الْوَرَقُ.
(The book) ‘Al Majazaat of Al Nabuwwah’ –
‘From the Prophet-saww having said: ‘When the Muslim performs Wud’u and prays the five (daily Salats), his sins drop off from him like dropping of the leaves (from a tree)’’.[155]
62 كِتَابُ الْإِمَامَةِ وَ التَّبْصِرَةِ، لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ بَابَوَيْهِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ حَمْزَةَ الْعَلَوِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الصَّلَاةُ مِيزَانٌ مَنْ وَفَّى اسْتَوْفَى.
‘Kitab Al Imamah Wa Al Tabsira’ of Ali Bin Babuwayh, from Al Hassan Bin Hamza Al Alawy, from Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Al Qasim, from his father, from Haroun Bin Muslim, from Mas’adah Bin Sadaqah,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said; ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The Salat is a scale, one fulfils it will be Fulfilled’’.[156]
63 كِتَابُ الْمُثَنَّى بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ الْحَنَّاطِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى حَمِيدَةَ أُعَزِّيهَا بِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَبَكَتْ ثُمَّ قَالَتْ يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ لَوْ شَهِدْتَهُ حِينَ حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ وَ قَدْ قُبِضَ إِحْدَى عَيْنَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ ادْعُوا لِي قَرَابَتِي وَ مَنْ لَطَفَ لِي
‘The book of Musanna Bin Al Waleed Al Hannat, from Abu Baseer who said,
‘I entered to see Hameeda-ra to console her-ra of Abu Abdullah-asws. She-ra cried, then said, ‘O Abu Muhammad! If you could have witnessed when the death presented to him-asws and one of his-asws eye had been seized, then he-asws said: ‘Call my-asws kindred to me-asws, and the one who is affectionate to me-asws!’
فَلَمَّا اجْتَمَعُوا حَوْلَهُ قَالَ إِنَّ شَفَاعَتَنَا لَنْ تَنَالَ مُسْتَخِفّاً بِالصَّلَاةِ.
When they had gathered around him-asws, he-asws said: ‘Our-asws intercession will never be achieved by the one taking lightly with the Salat’’.[157]
64 كِتَابُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: أَوَّلُ مَا يُحَاسَبُ عَلَيْهِ الْعَبْدُ الصَّلَاةُ فَإِذَا قُبِلَتْ قُبِلَ سَائِرُ عَمَلِهِ وَ إِذَا رُدَّتْ عَلَيْهِ رُدَّ عَلَيْهِ سَائِرُ عَمَلِهِ.
The book of Al Husayn Bin Usman, from a man,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The first of what the servant will be Reckoned upon is the Salat. When it is Accepted, rest of his deeds would be Accepted, and when it is rejected to him, rest of his deeds will be rejected to him’’.[158]
65 كِتَابُ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ كَانَ أَبُو ذَرٍّ يَقُولُ فِي عِظَتِهِ يَا مُبْتَغِيَ الْعِلْمِ صَلِّ قَبْلَ أَنْ لَا تَقْدِرَ عَلَى لَيْلٍ وَ لَا نَهَارٍ تُصَلِّي فِيهِ
The book of Aasim Bin Humeyr, from Abu Baseer who said,
‘I heard Abu Ja’far-asws saying: ‘Abu Zarr-ra had said in his-ra preaching, ‘O seeker of knowledge! Pray Salat before you are no longer able upon a night nor a day you can be praying in.
إِنَّمَا مَثَلُ الصَّلَاةِ لِصَاحِبِهَا كَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ دَخَلَ عَلَى ذِي سُلْطَانٍ فَأَنْصَتَ لَهُ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ مِنْ حَاجَتِهِ كَذَلِكَ الْمَرْءُ الْمُسْلِمُ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى مَا دَامَ فِي صَلَاتِهِ لَمْ يَزَلِ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَفْرُغَ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ.
But rather, an example of the Salat to its performer is like an example of a man entering to see a ruler. He (ruler) listens to him until he comes out from his need. Like that is the Muslim person, by the Permission of Allah-azwj the Exalted, for as long as he is in the Salat, Allah-azwj the Exalted does not cease to Look at him until he is free from his Salat’’.[159]
66 كِتَابُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شُرَيْحٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ الْجُعْفِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ لَوْ كَانَ عَلَى بَابِ أَحَدِكُمْ نَهَرٌ فَاغْتَسَلَ مِنْهُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ هَلْ كَانَ يَبْقَى عَلَى جَسَدِهِ مِنَ الدَّرَنِ شَيْءٌ إِنَّمَا مَثَلُ الصَّلَاةِ مَثَلُ النَّهَرِ الَّذِي يُنَقِّي كُلَّمَا صَلَّى صَلَاةً كَانَ كَفَّارَةً لِذُنُوبِهِ إِلَّا ذَنْبٍ أَخْرَجَهُ مِنَ الْإِيمَانِ مُقِيمٍ عَلَيْهِ.
The book of Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Shureyh, from Humeyd Bin Shueyb, from Jabir Al Jufy who said,
‘If there had been a river by the door of one of you, so he washes from it five times during every day, would there remain upon his body anything from the dirt? But rather, an example of the Salat is an example of the river which purifies. Every time he prays a Salat, it would be an atonement for his sins except a sin expelling him from the Eman, he stays upon it’’.[160]
باب 2 علل الصلاة و نوافلها و سننها
CHAPTER 2 – REASON OF THE SALAT, AND ITS OPTIONAL AND ITS CONDUCT
1- الْعِلَلُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ مَعاً عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى الْيَقْطِينِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ مَعاً عَنِ الصَّبَّاحِ الْمُزَنِيِّ وَ سَدِيرٍ الصَّيْرَفِيِّ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ وَ ابْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ جَمِيعاً عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع
(The book) ‘Al Ilal’ – from his father, and Muhammad Bin Al-Hassan Bin Al Waleed, both together from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Muhammad Bin Isa Al Yaqteeny, from Ibn Abu Umeyr and Muhammad Bin Sinan, both together from Al Sabbah Al Muzanny, and Sadeyr Al Sayrafi and Muhammad Bin Al Numan and Ibn Uzeyna, altogether – from Abu Abdullah-asws.
قَالَ وَ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارِ وَ سَعْدٍ مَعاً عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ وَ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ وَ الْيَقْطِينِيِّ جَمِيعاً عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ عَنِ الْمُزَنِيِّ وَ سَدِيرٍ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ وَ ابْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَنَّهُمْ حَضَرُوهُ فَقَالَ يَا عُمَرَ بْنَ أُذَيْنَةَ مَا تَرَى هَذِهِ النَّاصِبَةُ فِي أَذَانِهِمْ وَ صَلَاتِهِمْ
He said, ‘And it is narrated to us by Ibn Al Waleed, from Muhammad Bin Al-Hassan Al Saffar and Sa’ad, both together from Muhammad Bin Al-Husayn Bin Abu Al Khattab, and Yaqoub Bin Yazeed, and Al Yaqteeny, altogether from Abdullah Bin Jabalah, from Al Muzanny and Sadeyr, and Muhammad Bin Al Numan, and Ibn Uzina,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, they presented to him-asws, he-asws said: ‘O Umar Bin Uzina! What is your view of these Nasibis (hostile ones) regarding their Azaan and their Salat?’
فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ أُبَيَّ بْنَ كَعْبٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ رَآهُ فِي النَّوْمِ
I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! They are saying that Ubay Bin Ka’ab Al-Ansari saw it in the dream’.
فَقَالَ ع كَذَبُوا وَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ دِينَ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَعَزُّ مِنْ أَنْ يُرَى فِي النَّوْمِ
He-asws said: ‘They are lying! By Allah-azwj, the religion of Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted is more honourable than to be seen in the dream!’
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ اللَّهَ الْعَزِيزَ الْجَبَّارَ عَرَجَ بِنَبِيِّهِ إِلَى سَمَائِهِ سَبْعاً أَمَّا أُولَاهُنَّ فَبَارَكَ عَلَيْهِ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَ الثَّانِيَةَ عَلَّمَهُ فِيهَا فَرْضَهُ
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj, the Mighty, the Subduer, Ascended His-azwj Prophet-saww to His-azwj skies seven (times). As for its first, He-azwj Blessed upon him-saww, may the Salawaat of Allah-azwj be upon him-saww; and the second, He-azwj Taught him-saww during it his-saww obligations.
وَ الثَّالِثَةَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ الْعَزِيزُ الْجَبَّارُ عَلَيْهِ مَحْمِلًا مِنْ نُورٍ فِيهِ أَرْبَعُونَ نَوْعاً مِنْ أَنْوَاعِ النُّورِ كَانَتْ مُحْدِقَةً حَوْلَ الْعَرْشِ- عَرْشِهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى تَغْشَى أَبْصَارَ النَّاظِرِينَ
And the third, Allah-azwj the Mighty, the Subduer, Sent down a carriage of light wherein were types of a variety of light. It was being gazed at around the Throne, His-azwj Throne, Blessed and Exalted, overwhelming the sights of the beholders.
أَمَّا وَاحِدٌ مِنْهَا فَأَصْفَرُ فَمِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ اصْفَرَّتِ الصُّفْرَةُ وَ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهَا أَحْمَرُ فَمِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ احْمَرَّتِ الْحُمْرَةُ وَ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهَا أَبْيَضُ فَمِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ ابْيَضَّ الْبَيَاضُ وَ الْبَاقِي عَلَى عَدَدِ سَائِرِ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْأَنْوَارِ وَ الْأَلْوَانِ فِي ذَلِكَ الْمَحْمِلِ حَلَقٌ وَ سَلَاسِلُ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ
As for one of these, so it was yellow, and due to that is the yellowness of the yellow; and one of these was red, and due to that is the redness of the red; and one of these was white, and due to that is the whiteness of the white; and the remainder were upon the number of the rest of the creatures of light; and the colours in that carriage, the ring, and the chain were from silver.
فَجَلَسَ فِيهِ ثُمَّ عَرَجَ بِهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا فَنَفَرَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ إِلَى أَطْرَافِ السَّمَاءِ ثُمَّ خَرَّتْ سُجَّداً فَقَالَتْ سُبُّوحٌ قُدُّوسٌ رَبُّنَا وَ رَبُّ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَ الرُّوحِ مَا أَشْبَهَ هَذَا النُّورَ بِنُورِ رَبِّنَا
He-saww sat in it, then he-saww was ascended with to the sky, so the Angels alienated towards the horizons of the sky. Then he-saww fell down in Sajdah. They said, ‘Glorious One! Holy One! Our Lord-azwj and Lord-azwj of the Angels and the Spirit! How resembling is this light with the Light of our Lord-azwj!’
فَقَالَ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ
Jibraeel-as said: ‘Allah-azwj is the Greatest! Allah-azwj is the Greatest!’
فَسَكَتَ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَ فُتِحَتْ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ وَ اجْتَمَعَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ثُمَّ جَاءَتْ فَسَلَّمَتْ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ص أَفْوَاجاً ثُمَّ قَالَتْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ كَيْفَ أَخُوكَ
The Angels were silent, and doors of the sky were opened and the Angels gathered around. They came and greeted upon the Prophet-saww in droves. Then said, ‘O Muhammad-saww! How is your-saww brother-as?
قَالَ بِخَيْرٍ
He-saww said: ‘Good!’
قَالَتْ فَإِنْ أَدْرَكْتَهُ فَأَقْرِئْهُ مِنَّا السَّلَامَ
They said, ‘When you-saww see him-asws, convey the greetings to him-asws from us!’
فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص أَ تَعْرِفُونَهُ
The Prophet-saww said: ‘Do you all recognise him-asws?’
فَقَالُوا كَيْفَ لَمْ نَعْرِفْهُ وَ قَدْ أَخَذَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِيثَاقَكَ وَ مِيثَاقَهُ مِنَّا وَ إِنَّا لَنُصَلِّي عَلَيْكَ وَ عَلَيْهِ
They said, ‘And how can we not recognise him-asws, and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has taken your-saww Covenant and his-asws Covenant from us, and we send Salawaat upon you-saww and upon him-asws’.
ثُمَّ زَادَهُ أَرْبَعِينَ نَوْعاً مِنْ أَنْوَاعِ النُّورِ- لَا يُشْبِهُ شَيْءٌ مِنْهُ ذَلِكَ النُّورَ الْأَوَّلَ وَ زَادَهُ فِي مَحْمِلِهِ حَلَقاً وَ سَلَاسِلَ ثُمَّ عَرَجَ بِهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ الثَّانِيَةِ فَلَمَّا قَرُبَ مِنْ بَابِ السَّمَاءِ تَنَافَرَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ إِلَى أَطْرَافِ السَّمَاءِ وَ خَرَّتْ سُجَّداً وَ قَالَتْ سُبُّوحٌ قُدُّوسٌ رَبُّ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَ الرُّوحِ مَا أَشْبَهَ هَذَا النُّورَ بِنُورِ رَبِّنَا
Then He-azwj Increased him-saww by forty types from variety of lights, nothing from it resembling that first light, and Increased him-as in his-saww carriage by rings and chains. Then He-azwj Ascended him-saww to the second sky. When he-saww was near to door of the sky, the Angels alienated to horizons of the sky and fell in Sajdah and said: ‘Glorious, Holy is Lord-azwj of the Angels and the Spirit! How resembling this light is with light of our Lord-azwj!’
فَقَالَ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ
Jibraeel-as said: ‘I-as testify that there is no god except Allah-azwj! I-as testify that there is no god except Allah-azwj!’
فَاجْتَمَعَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَ فُتِحَ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ وَ قَالَتْ يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ مَنْ هَذَا مَعَكَ
The Angels gathered and opened doors of the sky, and said, ‘O Jibraeel-as! Who is this with you-as?’
فَقَالَ هَذَا مُحَمَّدٌ ص
He-as said: ‘This is Muhammad-saww!’
قَالُوا وَ قَدْ بُعِثَ
They said, ‘And he-saww has already been Sent?’
قَالَ نَعَمْ
He-as said: ‘Yes’.
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَخَرَجُوا إِلَيَّ شِبْهَ الْمَعَانِيقِ فَسَلَّمُوا وَ قَالُوا أَقْرِئْ أَخَاكَ السَّلَامَ
Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘They came out to me resembling trying to hug me-saww. They greeted and said, ‘Convey the greetings to your-saww brother-asws!’
فَقُلْتُ هَلْ تَعْرِفُونَهُ
I-saww said: ‘Do you recognise him-asws?’
قَالُوا نَعَمْ وَ كَيْفَ لَا نَعْرِفُهُ وَ قَدْ أَخَذَ اللَّهُ مِيثَاقَكَ وَ مِيثَاقَهُ وَ مِيثَاقَ شِيعَتِهِ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ عَلَيْنَا وَ إِنَّا لَنَتَصَفَّحُ وُجُوهَ شِيعَتِهِ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ خَمْساً يَعْنُونَ فِي وَقْتِ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ
They said, ‘Yes, and how can we not known him-asws, and Allah-azwj had Taken your-saww covenant, and his-asws covenant, and covenant of his-asws Shias up to the Day of Qiyamah, upon us, and we tend to browse faces of his-asws Shias five times every day’ – meaning during times of every Salat.
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص ثُمَّ زَادَنِي رَبِّي عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَرْبَعِينَ نَوْعاً مِنْ أَنْوَاعِ النُّورِ- لَا تُشْبِهُ الْأَنْوَارَ الْأُولَى وَ زَادَنِي حَلَقاً وَ سَلَاسِلَ
Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Then my-saww Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic Increased me-saww by forty types from variety of lights, not resembling the first lights, and He-azwj Increased me-saww in rings and chains.
ثُمَّ عَرَجَ بِي إِلَى السَّمَاءِ الثَّالِثَةِ فَنَفَرَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ إِلَى أَطْرَافِ السَّمَاءِ وَ خَرَّتْ سُجَّداً وَ قَالَتْ سُبُّوحٌ قُدُّوسٌ رَبُّ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَ الرُّوحِ مَا هَذَا النُّورُ الَّذِي يُشْبِهُ نُورَ رَبِّنَا
Then there was an ascension with me-saww to the third sky. The Angels isolated to horizons of the sky and fell down in Sajdah, and said, ‘Glorious, Holy is Lord-azwj of the Angels and the Spirit! How resembling this light is with light of our Lord-azwj!’
فَقَالَ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع- أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً رَسُولُ اللَّهِ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً رَسُولُ اللَّهِ
Jibraeel-as said: ‘I-as testify that Muhammad-saww Rasool-Allah-saww’.
فَاجْتَمَعَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَ فُتِحَتْ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ وَ قَالَتْ مَرْحَباً بِالْأَوَّلِ وَ مَرْحَباً بِالْآخِرِ وَ مَرْحَباً بِالْحَاشِرِ وَ مَرْحَباً بِالنَّاشِرِ- مُحَمَّدٌ خَاتَمُ النَّبِيِّينَ وَ عَلِيٌّ خَيْرُ الْوَصِيِّينَ
The Angels gathered and opened doors of the sky, and said, ‘Welcome to the first, and welcome to the last, and welcome to the gatherer, and welcome to the publiciser, Muhammad-saww, last of the Prophets-as and Ali-asws is best of the successors-asws’.
فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص سَلَّمُوا عَلَيَّ وَ سَأَلُونِي عَنْ عَلِيٍّ أَخِي
Rasool-Allah-saww said (within himself-saww): ‘They are greeting unto me-saww and are asking me‑saww about my-saww brother-asws!’
فَقُلْتُ هُوَ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَتِي أَ وَ تَعْرِفُونَهُ
I-saww said: ‘He-asws is in the earth as my-saww caliph (replacement), and do you know him-asws?’
فَقَالُوا نَعَمْ وَ كَيْفَ لَا نَعْرِفُهُ وَ قَدْ نَحُجُّ الْبَيْتَ الْمَعْمُورَ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ مَرَّةً وَ عَلَيْهِ رَقٌّ أَبْيَضُ فِيهِ اسْمُ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ وَ الْأَئِمَّةِ وَ شِيعَتِهِمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ إِنَّا لَنُبَارِكُ عَلَى رُءُوسِهِمْ بِأَيْدِينَا
They said, ‘Yes, and how can we not know him-asws, and we perform Hajj of the Bayt Al‑Mamour once during every year, and upon it is a white note wherein are names – Muhammad-saww, and Ali-asws, and Al-Hassan-asws, and Al-Husayn-asws, and the Imams-asws and their-asws Shias up to the Day of Qiyamah, we send blessings upon their-asws head with our hands’.
ثُمَّ زَادَنِي رَبِّي عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَرْبَعِينَ نَوْعاً مِنْ أَنْوَاعِ النُّورِ- لَا تُشْبِهُ شَيْئاً مِنْ تِلْكَ الْأَنْوَارِ الْأُوَلِ وَ زَادَنِي حَلَقاً وَ سَلَاسِلَ
Then my-saww Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic Increased me-saww with forty types from variety of lights, not resembling from those first lights, and Increased me-saww in rings and chains.
ثُمَّ عَرَجَ بِي إِلَى السَّمَاءِ الرَّابِعَةِ فَلَمْ تَقُلِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ شَيْئاً وَ سَمِعْتُ دَوِيّاً كَأَنَّهُ فِي الصُّدُورِ وَ اجْتَمَعَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ فَفُتِحَتْ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ وَ خَرَجَتْ إِلَيَّ مَعَانِيقَ
Then there was ascension with me-saww to the fourth sky. The Angels did not say anything and I-saww heard reverberation as if it was in the chests, and the Angels gathered. The doors of the sky were opened and they came out as if to hug me-saww.
فَقَالَ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ
Jibraeel-as said: ‘Hasten to the Salat! Hasten to the Salat! Hasten to the success! Hasten to the success!’
فَقَالَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ صَوْتَيْنِ مَقْرُونَيْنِ- بِمُحَمَّدٍ تَقُومُ الصَّلَاةُ وَ بِعَلِيٍّ الْفَلَاحُ
The Angels said in two paired voices: ‘By Muhammad-saww the Salat is established, and by Ali‑asws is the success!’
فَقَالَ جَبْرَئِيلُ قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ
Jibraeel-as said: ‘The Salat has been established!’ The Salat has been established!’
فَقَالَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ هِيَ لِشِيعَتِهِ أَقَامُوهَا إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ ثُمَّ اجْتَمَعَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ
The Angels said, ‘It is for his-asws Shias. They will establish it up to the Day of Qiyamah’.
فَقَالُوا لِلنَّبِيِّ ص أَيْنَ تَرَكْتَ أَخَاكَ وَ كَيْفَ هُوَ
They said to the Prophet-saww: ‘Where have you-saww left your brother, and how is he-asws?’
فَقَالَ لَهُمْ أَ تَعْرِفُونَهُ
He-saww said to them: ‘And you know him-asws?’
فَقَالُوا نَعَمْ نَعْرِفُهُ وَ شِيعَتَهُ وَ هُوَ نُورٌ حَوْلَ عَرْشِ اللَّهِ وَ إِنَّ فِي الْبَيْتِ الْمَعْمُورِ لَرَقّاً مِنْ نُورٍ فِيهِ كِتَابٌ مِنْ نُورٍ فِيهِ اسْمُ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيٍّ وَ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ وَ الْأَئِمَّةِ وَ شِيعَتِهِمْ- لَا يَزِيدُ فِيهِمْ رَجُلٌ وَ لَا يَنْقُصُ مِنْهُمْ رَجُلٌ إِنَّهُ لَمِيثَاقُنَا الَّذِي أُخِذَ عَلَيْنَا وَ إِنَّهُ لَيُقْرَأُ عَلَيْنَا فِي كُلِّ يَوْمِ جُمُعَةٍ
They said, ‘Yes, we do know him-asws and his-asws Shias, and he-asws is Noor (light) around the Throne of Allah-saww, and in the Bayt Al-Mamour there is a note of light wherein is writing of light. In it are names of Muhammad-saww, and Ali-asws, and Al-Hassan-asws, and Al-Husayn-asws, and the Imams-asws and their-asws Shias. Neither is a man increased among them nor is a man reduced from them. It is due to our covenant which has been Taken upon us, and it is read out to us during every Friday’.
فَسَجَدْتُ لِلَّهِ شُكْراً فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ ارْفَعْ رَأْسَكَ
So, I-saww performed Sajdah of thanks to Allah-azwj. He-azwj Said: “O Muhammad-saww! Raise your‑saww head!”
فَرَفَعْتُ رَأْسِي فَإِذَا أَطْنَابُ السَّمَاءِ قَدْ خُرِقَتْ وَ الْحُجُبُ قَدْ رُفِعَتْ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي طَأْطِئْ رَأْسَكَ وَ انْظُرْ مَا تَرَى
I-saww raised my-saww head, and behold, the canopy of the sky had been torn and the veils had been Raised. Then He-azwj Said to me-saww: “Lower your-saww head and look at what you-saww can see!”
فَطَأْطَأْتُ رَأْسِي فَنَظَرْتُ إِلَى بَيْتِكُمْ هَذَا وَ إِلَى حَرَمِكُمْ هَذَا فَإِذَا هُوَ مِثْلُ حَرَمِ ذَلِكَ الْبَيْتِ يَتَقَابَلُ لَوْ أَلْقَيْتُ شَيْئاً مِنْ يَدِي لَمْ يَقَعْ إِلَّا عَلَيْهِ
I-saww lowered my-saww head and looked at this House (Kabah) of yours, and to his Sanctuary (Harram) of yours, and it was similar to that Sanctuary (Bayt Al-Mamour) in parallel. If something had dropped from my-saww hand, it would not have fallen except upon it (Kabah).
فَقَالَ لِي يَا مُحَمَّدُ هَذَا الْحَرَمُ وَ أَنْتَ الْحَرَامُ وَ لِكُلِّ مِثْلٍ مِثَالٌ
He-azwj Said to me-saww: “O Muhammad-saww! This is the Sanctuary, and you-saww are the Sanctimonious, and for every example there is an example!”
ثُمَّ قَالَ رَبِّي عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مُدَّ يَدَكَ فَيَتَلَقَّاكَ مَاءٌ يَسِيلُ مِنْ سَاقِ عَرْشِيَ الْأَيْمَنِ
Then my-saww Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: “O Muhammad-saww, extend your right hand, and you will receive water flowing from the Base of My-azwj Throne!”
فَنَزَلَ الْمَاءُ فَتَلَقَّيْتُهُ بِالْيَمِينِ فَمِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ أَوَّلُ الْوُضُوءِ بِالْيُمْنَى
The water descended and I-saww received the water with the right hand. For that reason, the Wud’u is begun with the right hand.
ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ خُذْ ذَلِكَ فَاغْسِلْ بِهِ وَجْهَكَ
Then He-azwj Said: “O Muhammad-saww! Take that and wash your-saww face with it!”
وَ عَلَّمَهُ غَسْلَ الْوَجْهِ فَإِنَّكَ تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَنْظُرَ إِلَى عَظَمَتِي وَ أَنْتَ طَاهِرٌ ثُمَّ اغْسِلْ ذِرَاعَيْكَ الْيَمِينَ وَ الْيَسَارَ
And He-azwj Taught him washing of the face – “For you-saww are intending to look at My-azwj Magnificence and you-saww should be clean. Then wash your-saww right forearm and the left!”
وَ عَلَّمَهُ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّكَ تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَتَلَقَّى بِيَدَيْكَ كَلَامِي وَ امْسَحْ بِفَضْلِ مَا فِي يَدَيْكَ مِنَ الْمَاءِ رَأْسَكَ وَ رِجْلَيْكَ إِلَى كَعْبَيْكَ
And He-azwj Taught him that – “For you intend to receive My-azwj Speech with your hand, and wipe with the surplus of the water what is on your-saww hand, your-saww head and your-saww legs up to your-saww heels!”
وَ عَلَّمَهُ الْمَسْحَ بِرَأْسِهِ وَ رِجْلَيْهِ
And He-azwj Taught him-saww the wiping of his-saww head and his-saww legs.
وَ قَالَ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَمْسَحَ رَأْسَكَ وَ أُبَارِكَ عَلَيْكَ فَأَمَّا الْمَسْحُ عَلَى رِجْلَيْكَ فَإِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُوطِئَكَ مَوْطِئاً لَمْ يَطَأْهُ أَحَدٌ قَبْلَكَ وَ لَا يَطَؤُهُ أَحَدٌ غَيْرُكَ
And He-azwj Said: “I-azwj Want to wipe your-saww head and Bless upon you-saww. As for the wiping upon your-saww legs, I-azwj Want you-saww to tread a place no one has treaded it before you-as nor will anyone be treading it after you-saww!”
فَهَذَا عِلَّةُ الْوُضُوءِ وَ الْأَذَانِ
So, this is the reason of the Wud’u and the Azaan.
ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ اسْتَقْبِلِ الْحَجَرَ الْأَسْوَدَ وَ هُوَ بِحِيَالِي وَ كَبِّرْنِي بِعَدَدِ حُجُبِي فَمِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ صَارَ التَّكْبِيرُ سَبْعاً لِأَنَّ الْحُجُبَ سَبْعَةٌ
Then He-azwj Said: “O Muhammad-saww! Receive the Black Stone, and it is facing Me-azwj, and exclaim My-azwj Greatness the number of (times of) My-azwj veils!” – For that reason, the Takbeer came to be seven, because the veils are seven.
وَ افْتَتِحِ الْقِرَاءَةَ عِنْدَ انْقِطَاعِ الْحُجُبِ فَمِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ صَارَ الِافْتِتَاحُ سُنَّةً وَ الْحُجُبُ مُطَابَقَةً ثَلَاثاً بِعَدَدِ النُّورِ الَّذِي نَزَلَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ص ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ فَلِذَلِكَ كَانَ الِافْتِتَاحُ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ فَمِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ كَانَ التَّكْبِيرُ سَبْعاً وَ الِافْتِتَاحُ ثَلَاثاً
“And begin the recitation at the termination of the veils!” For that reason, the beginning became a Sunnah, and the veils were of three layers, of the number of the lights which descended unto Muhammad-saww three times. For that (reason), the beginning happens three items, and for that reason the Takbeer would be seven, and the beginning thrice.
فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنَ التَّكْبِيرِ وَ الِافْتِتَاحِ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الْآنَ وَصَلْتَ إِلَيَّ فَسَمِّ بِاسْمِي
When he-saww was free from exclaiming Takbeer and the opening, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: “Now you-saww are connected to Me-azwj. Name with My-azwj Name!”
فَقَالَ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ- فَمِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ جُعِلَ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ- فِي أَوَّلِ السُّوَرِ
He-saww said: ‘In the Name of Allah the Beneficent, the Merciful [1:1]’. For that reason, ‘In the Name of Allah the Beneficent, the Merciful [1:1]’ has been Made to be at the beginning of the Chapters.
ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ احْمَدْنِي
Then He-azwj Said to him-saww: “Praise Me-azwj!”
فَقَالَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعالَمِينَ
He-saww said: ‘All Praise is for Allah the Lord of the Worlds [1:2]’.
وَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص فِي نَفْسِهِ شُكْراً
And the Prophet-saww said within himself-saww: ‘Thanks!’
فَقَالَ اللَّهُ يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَ قَطَعْتَ حَمْدِي فَسَمِّ بِاسْمِي فَمِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ جُعِلَ فِي الْحَمْدِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ مَرَّتَيْنِ
Allah-azwj Said: “O Muhammad-saww! Are you-saww cutting off My-azwj Praise? Name Me-azwj with My-azwj Name!” For that reason, The Beneficent, the Merciful [1:3], has been Made to be in (Surah) Al-Hamd, twice.
فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ وَ لَا الضَّالِّينَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص- الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ شُكْراً
When he-saww reached: nor of the straying ones [1:7], the Prophet-saww said: ‘The Praise is for Allah-azwj, Lord-azwj of the worlds, thanks’.
فَقَالَ اللَّهُ الْعَزِيزُ الْجَبَّارُ قَطَعْتَ ذِكْرِي فَسَمِّ بِاسْمِي فَمِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ جُعِلَ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ- بَعْدَ الْحَمْدِ فِي اسْتِقْبَالِ السُّورَةِ الْأُخْرَى
Allah-azwj the Mighty, the Subduer Said: “You-saww have cut off My-azwj Zikr! Name Me-azwj with My-azwj Name!” For that reason, ‘In the Name of Allah the Beneficent, the Merciful [1:1]’ is to be (recited) after Al-Hamd in the reception of the next surah.
فَقَالَ لَهُ اقْرَأْ قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ كَمَا أُنْزِلَتْ فَإِنَّهَا نِسْبَتِي وَ نَعْتِي ثُمَّ طَأْطِئْ يَدَيْكَ وَ اجْعَلْهُمَا عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْكَ فَانْظُرْ إِلَى عَرْشِي
He-azwj Said to him-saww: ‘Recite Say: ‘He, Allah, is One [112:1] (Surah Al-Tawheed), just as I-azwj have Revealed, for it is My-azwj Genealogy and My-azwj Attribution, then lower your-saww hands and make these to be upon your-saww knees, then look at My-azwj Throne!”
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَنَظَرْتُ إِلَى عَظَمَةٍ ذَهَبَتْ لَهَا نَفْسِي وَ غُشِيَ عَلَيَّ فَأُلْهِمْتُ أَنْ قُلْتُ سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْعَظِيمِ وَ بِحَمْدِهِ لِعِظَمِ مَا رَأَيْتُ
Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘I-saww looked at the Magnificence, my-saww ‘self’ was gone for it and there was unconsciousness upon me-saww. I-saww was Inspired that I-saww should say: ‘Glorious is my-saww Lord-azwj the Magnificent, and by His-azwj Praise!’, due to the Magnificence of what I‑saww saw.
فَلَمَّا قُلْتُ ذَلِكَ تَجَلَّى الْغَشْيُ عَنِّي حَتَّى قُلْتُهَا سَبْعاً أُلْهِمَ ذَلِكَ فَرَجَعَتْ إِلَيَّ نَفْسِي كَمَا كَانَتْ فَمِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ صَارَ فِي الرُّكُوعِ سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْعَظِيمِ وَ بِحَمْدِهِ
When I-saww had said that, the unconsciousness was removed from me until I-saww said it seven (times). I-saww was Inspired that, and my-saww ‘self’ returned to me-saww, like what it had been. For that reason, it came to be in the Ruk’u, (saying of) ‘‘Glorious is my-saww Lord-azwj the Magnificent, and by His-azwj Praise!’
فَقَالَ ارْفَعْ رَأْسَكَ فَرَفَعْتُ رَأْسِي فَنَظَرْتُ إِلَى شَيْءٍ ذَهَبَ مِنْهُ عَقْلِي فَاسْتَقْبَلْتُ الْأَرْضَ بِوَجْهِي وَ يَدَيَّ فَأُلْهِمْتُ أَنْ قُلْتُ سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْأَعْلَى وَ بِحَمْدِهِ لِعُلُوِّ مَا رَأَيْتُ فَقُلْتُهَا سَبْعاً فَرَجَعَتْ إِلَيَّ نَفْسِي
He-azwj Said: “Raise your-saww head!” I-saww raised my-saww head. I-saww looked at something, my‑saww intellect went away from it. I-saww face the earth with my-saww face and my-saww hands, and I-saww was Inspired to say, ‘Glorious is my-saww Lord-azwj the Exalted, and by His-azwj Praise!’, due to the exaltedness of what I-saww saw. I-saww said it seven (times), and my-saww ‘self’ returned to me-saww.
كُلَّمَا قُلْتُ وَاحِدَةً فِيهَا تَجَلَّى عَنِّي الْغَشْيُ فَقَعَدْتُ فَصَارَ السُّجُودُ فِيهِ سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْأَعْلَى وَ بِحَمْدِهِ وَ صَارَتِ الْقَعْدَةُ بَيْنَ السَّجْدَتَيْنِ اسْتِرَاحَةً مِنَ الْغَشْيِ وَ عُلُوِّ مَا رَأَيْتُ
Every time I-saww said one during it, the unconsciousness was removed away from me-saww. So, I-saww sat upright. Thus, the Sajdah, there came to be in it (saying of), ‘Glorious is my-saww Lord‑azwj the Exalted, and by His-azwj Praise!’, and the sitting upright came to be between the two Sajdahs as a resting from the fainting and exaltedness of what I-saww had seen.
فَأَلْهَمَنِي رَبِّي عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ طَالَبَتْنِي نَفْسِي أَنْ أَرْفَعَ رَأْسِي فَرَفَعْتُ فَنَظَرْتُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ الْعُلُوِّ فَغُشِيَ عَلَيَّ فَخَرَرْتُ لِوَجْهِي وَ اسْتَقْبَلْتُ الْأَرْضَ بِوَجْهِي وَ يَدَيَّ وَ قُلْتُ سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْأَعْلَى وَ بِحَمْدِهِ
My-azwj Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic Inspired me-saww, and my-saww ‘self’ demanded me-saww to raise my-saww head. So, I-saww raised my-saww head to that exaltedness, and there was unconsciousness upon me-saww, so I-saww fell down to my-saww face and faced the ground with my-saww face and my-saww hands, and I-saww said: ‘Glorious is my-saww Lord-azwj the Exalted, and by His-azwj Praise!’
فَقُلْتُهَا سَبْعاً ثُمَّ رَفَعْتُ رَأْسِي فَقَعَدْتُ قَبْلَ الْقِيَامِ لِأُثْنِيَ النَّظَرَ فِي الْعُلُوِّ فَمِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ صَارَتْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ وَ رَكْعَةً وَ مِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ صَارَ الْقُعُودُ قَبْلَ الْقِيَامِ قَعْدَةً خَفِيفَةً ثُمَّ قُمْتُ
I-saww said it seven (times), then raised my-saww head. I-saww sat upright before the standing due to twice having looked into the Exaltedness. For that reason, the two Sajdahs came to me‑saww, and one Cycle, and for that reason the sitting upright came to be before the standing. So, I‑saww sat lightly, then I-azwj stood up.
فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ اقْرَأِ الْحَمْدَ فَقَرَأْتُهَا مِثْلَ مَا قَرَأْتُهَا أَوَّلًا
He-azwj Said: “O Muhammad-saww! Recite (Surah) ‘Al-Hamd’!” So, I-saww recited it like what I-saww had recited at first.
ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي اقْرَأْ إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَاهُ فَإِنَّهَا نِسْبَتُكَ وَ نِسْبَةُ أَهْلِ بَيْتِكَ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ
Then He-azwj Said to me-saww: “Recite: Surely We Revealed it [97:1] (Surah Al-Qadr), for it is your-saww attribution and attribution of People-asws of your-saww Household up to the Day of Qiyamah!”
ثُمَّ رَكَعْتُ فَقُلْتُ فِي الرُّكُوعِ وَ السُّجُودِ مِثْلَ مَا قُلْتُ أَوَّلًا وَ ذَهَبْتُ أَنْ أَقُومَ فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ اذْكُرْ مَا أَنْعَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ وَ سَمِّ بِاسْمِي
Then I-saww performed Ruk’u. I-saww said in the Ruk’u and the Sajdah(s) similar to what I-saww had said at first, and I-saww went on to stand. He-azwj Said: “O Muhammad-saww! Mention what I-azwj Have Conferred upon you-saww and name with My-azwj Name!”
فَأَلْهَمَنِيَ اللَّهُ أَنْ قُلْتُ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ وَ بِاللَّهِ وَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَ الْأَسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَى كُلُّهَا لِلَّهِ
Allah-azwj Inspired me-saww to say: ‘In the Name of Allah-azwj, and by Allah-azwj, and there is no god except Allah-azwj, and the most beautiful Names, all of them are for Allah-azwj’.
فَقَالَ لِي يَا مُحَمَّدُ صَلِّ عَلَيْكَ وَ عَلَى أَهْلِ بَيْتِكَ
He-azwj Said to me-saww: “O Muhammad-saww! Send Salawaat upon yourself-saww and upon People-asws of your-saww Household!”
فَقُلْتُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيَّ وَ عَلَى أَهْلِ بَيْتِي
I-saww said: ‘May Allah-saww Send Salawaat upon me-saww and upon People-asws of my-saww Household’.
وَ قَدْ فَعَلَ ثُمَّ الْتَفَتُّ فَإِذَا أَنَا بِصُفُوفٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ فَقَالَ لِي يَا مُحَمَّدُ سَلِّمْ
And He-azwj Did so. Then I-saww turned, and behold, I-saww was with rows of Angels (behind me‑saww, and the Prophets-as and the Messengers-as. He-azwj Said to me-saww: “O Muhammad‑saww, greet!’
فَقُلْتُ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَ بَرَكَاتُهُ
I-saww said: ‘The greetings be upon you-as all and Mercy of Allah-azwj and His-azwj Blessings!’
فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنِّي أَنَا السَّلَامُ وَ التَّحِيَّةُ وَ الرَّحْمَةُ وَ الْبَرَكَاتُ أَنْتَ وَ ذُرِّيَّتُكَ
He-azwj Said: “Surely, I-azwj am ‘Al-Salaam’ (the Greetings), and the Salutation, and the Mercy, and the Blessing, you-saww and your-saww offspring-asws!”
ثُمَّ أَمَرَنِي رَبِّيَ الْعَزِيزُ الْجَبَّارُ أَنْ لَا أَلْتَفِتَ يَسَاراً وَ أَوَّلُ سُورَةٍ سَمِعْتُهَا بَعْدَ قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ- إِنَّا أَنْزَلْناهُ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ فَمِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ كَانَ السَّلَامُ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً تُجَاهَ الْقِبْلَةِ وَ مِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ صَارَ التَّسْبِيحُ فِي السُّجُودِ وَ الرُّكُوعِ شُكْراً.
Then my-saww Lord-azwj the Mighty, the Subduer Commanded me-as not to turn left, and the first Chapter I-saww heard after Say: ‘He, Allah, is One [112:1] (Surah Al-Tawheed), Surely, We Revealed it during the Night of Pre-determination [97:1] (Surah Al-Qadr). For that reason, the ‘Salaam’ (greeting) is one time facing the Qiblah, and for that reason the glorification came to be in the Sajdah(s) and the Ruk’u(s) as thanks’’.[161]
توضيح و أما نفرة الملائكة فلغلبة النور على أنوارهم و عجزهم عن إدراك الكمالات التي أعطاها الله نبينا ص كما قَالَ ص لِي مَعَ اللَّهِ وَقْتٌ- لَا يَسَعُنِي مَلَكٌ مُقَرَّبٌ وَ لَا نَبِيٌّ مُرْسَلٌ الْخَبَرَ.
Clarification (Ahadeeth only) – And as for the Angels alienating, it is due to the prevalence of the light over their own lights, and their inability from realising the perfections which Allah-azwj had Given our Prophet-saww, just as he-saww said: ‘For me-saww, there is a time with Allah-azwj. There is neither any leeway for an Angel of Proximity nor a Messenger-as Prophet-as’ – the Hadeeth.
و في الكافي هكذا ثم أوحى الله عز و جل إليه اقرأ يا محمد نسبة ربك تبارك و تعالى قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ لَمْ يَلِدْ وَ لَمْ يُولَدْ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُواً أَحَدٌ
And in Al-Kafi it is like this – ‘Then Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed to him-saww: “Recite, O Muhammad-saww, the lineage of your-as Lord-azwj Blessed and Exalted: Say: ‘He, Allah, is One [112:1] Allah is Al-Samad [112:2] He does not beget and is not begotten [112:3] And there does not happen to be anyone a match for Him’ [112:4]!”
ثم أمسك عنه الوحي فقال رسول الله ص الله الواحد الأحد الصمد فأوحى الله إليه لَمْ يَلِدْ وَ لَمْ يُولَدْ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُواً أَحَدٌ كذلك الله ربنا كذلك الله ربنا.
Then the Revelation was withheld from him-saww. Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj is the One, the First, the Last (Al-Samad)’. So, Allah-azwj Revealed to him-saww: “He does not beget and is not begotten [112:3] And there does not happen to be anyone a match for Him’ [112:4]. Like that is our Lord-azwj! Like that is our Lord-azwj!”
2- الْعِلَلُ، وَ مَجَالِسُ الصَّدُوقِ، وَ التَّوْحِيدُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِصَامٍ عَنِ الْكُلَيْنِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ [بْنِ] عَلَّانٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ التَّمِيمِيِّ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُلْوَانَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبِي سَيِّدَ الْعَابِدِينَ ع فَقُلْتُ لَهُ يَا أَبَهْ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ جَدِّنَا رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص لَمَّا عُرِجَ بِهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَ أَمَرَهُ رَبُّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِخَمْسِينَ صَلَاةً كَيْفَ لَمْ يَسْأَلْهُ التَّخْفِيفَ عَنْ أُمَّتِهِ حَتَّى قَالَ لَهُ مُوسَى بْنُ عِمْرَانَ ع ارْجِعْ إِلَى رَبِّكَ فَاسْأَلْهُ التَّخْفِيفَ فَإِنَّ أُمَّتَكَ لَا تُطِيقُ ذَلِكَ
(The books) ‘Al Ilal’, and ‘Majalis’ of Al Sadouq’, and ‘Al Tawheed’ – from Muhammad Bin Muhammad Bin Isam, from Al Kulayni, from Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Allan, from Muhammad Bin Suleyman, from Ismail Bin Ibrahim, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Al Tameemi, from Al-Husayn Bin Ulwan, from Amro Bin Khalid,
‘From Zayd son of Ali (Bin Al-Husayn-asws) who said, ‘I asked my father-asws, chief of the worshippers. I said to him-asws, ‘O father-asws! Inform me about our grandfather-saww Rasool-Allah-saww, when there was an ascension with him-saww to the sky, and his-saww Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic Commanded him-saww with fifty (daily) Salats. How come he-saww didn’t ask for the lightening from his-saww community until Musa Bin Imran-as said to him-saww: ‘Return to your-saww Lord-azwj, and ask Him-azwj for the lightening, for your-saww community cannot endure that’?’
فَقَالَ يَا بُنَيَّ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص لَا يَقْتَرِحُ عَلَى رَبِّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ لَا يُرَاجِعُهُ فِي شَيْءٍ يَأْمُرُهُ بِهِ فَلَمَّا سَأَلَهُ مُوسَى ع ذَلِكَ وَ صَارَ شَفِيعاً لِأُمَّتِهِ إِلَيْهِ لَمْ يَجُزْ لَهُ رَدُّ شَفَاعَةِ أَخِيهِ مُوسَى ع فَرَجَعَ إِلَى رَبِّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَسَأَلَهُ التَّخْفِيفَ إِلَى أَنْ رَدَّهَا إِلَى خَمْسِ صَلَوَاتٍ
He-asws said: ‘O my-asws son! Rasool-Allah-saww neither suggested anything to his-saww Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic nor rebutted regarding anything He-azwj Commanded him-saww with. When Musa-as asked him-saww that and he-as became an intercessor for his-saww community to him-saww, it was not allowed for him-saww to reject intercession of his-saww brother-as Musa-as. So he-saww returned to his-saww Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic and asked Him-azwj for the lightening, until He-azwj Returned it to five (daily) Salats’.
قَالَ فَقُلْتُ فَلِمَ لَمْ يَرْجِعْ إِلَى رَبِّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ لَمْ يَسْأَلْهُ التَّخْفِيفَ بَعْدَ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ
He (Zayd) said, ‘I said, ‘Why did he-saww not return to his-saww Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and why did he-saww not ask Him-azwj for the lightening after five (daily) Salats?’
فَقَالَ يَا بُنَيَّ أَرَادَ ع أَنْ يُحَصِّلَ لِأُمَّتِهِ التَّخْفِيفَ مَعَ أَجْرِ خَمْسِينَ صَلَاةً لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ مَنْ جاءَ بِالْحَسَنَةِ فَلَهُ عَشْرُ أَمْثالِها
He-asws said: ‘O my-asws son! He-saww wanted for his-saww community, the lightening to result with fifty (daily) Salats due to the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: One who comes with the good deed, then for him would be ten the likes of it, [6:160].
أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّهُ ع لَمَّا هَبَطَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ نَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يُقْرِئُكَ السَّلَامَ وَ يَقُولُ إِنَّهَا خَمْسٌ بِخَمْسِينَ- ما يُبَدَّلُ الْقَوْلُ لَدَيَّ وَ ما أَنَا بِظَلَّامٍ لِلْعَبِيدِ.
Don’t you see that when he-saww came down to the earth, Jibraeel-as descended unto him-saww, he-as said: ‘O Muhammad-saww! Your-saww Lord-azwj Conveys the Greetings to you-saww and Says: “These five are with fifty, My Word will not change in My Presence, and I am not the least unjust to the servants!” [50:29]’?’’[162]
3- مَجَالِسُ الصَّدُوقِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ فُرَاتِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الشَّامِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي جَرِيرٍ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ رَفَعَهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ بْنِ غَنْمٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا أُسْرِيَ بِالنَّبِيِّ ص وَ انْتَهَى حَيْثُ انْتَهَى فُرِضَتْ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ خَمْسُونَ صَلَاةً
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of Al Sadouq – from Al-Hassan Bin Muhammad Bin Saeed, from Furaat Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Al Hamdany, from Al-Hassan Bin Ali Al Shami, from his father, from Abu Jareer, from Ata’a Al Khurasany, raising it from Abdul Samad Bin Ghanam who said,
‘When there was ascension with the Prophet-saww and he-saww ended where he-saww ended to, the Salat was Imposed upon him-saww being of fifty (daily) Salats’.
قَالَ فَأَقْبَلَ فَمَرَّ عَلَى مُوسَى ع فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ كَمْ فُرِضَ عَلَى أُمَّتِكَ
He (the narrator) said, ‘He-saww came back and passed by Musa-as. He-as said: ‘O Muhammad‑saww! How many (Salats) have been Imposed upon your-saww community?’
قَالَ خَمْسُونَ صَلَاةً
He-saww said: ‘Fifty Salats (daily)’.
قَالَ ارْجِعْ إِلَى رَبِّكَ فَاسْأَلْهُ أَنْ يُخَفِّفَ عَنْ أُمَّتِكَ
He-as said: ‘Return to your-saww Lord-azwj and ask Him-azwj to Lighten from your-saww community!’
قَالَ فَرَجَعَ ثُمَّ مَرَّ عَلَى مُوسَى فَقَالَ كَمْ فُرِضَ عَلَى أُمَّتِكَ
He (the narrator) said, ‘He-saww returned. Then he-saww passed by Musa-as. He-as said: ‘How many have been Imposed upon your-saww community?’
قَالَ كَذَا وَ كَذَا
He-saww said: ‘Such and such’.
قَالَ فَإِنَّ أُمَّتَكَ أَضْعَفُ الْأُمَمِ ارْجِعْ إِلَى رَبِّكَ فَاسْأَلْهُ أَنْ يُخَفِّفَ عَنْ أُمَّتِكَ فَإِنِّي كُنْتُ فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ فَلَمْ يَكُونُوا يُطِيقُونَ إِلَّا دُونَ هَذَا
He-as said: ‘Surely your-saww community is weakest of the communities. Return to your-saww Lord-azwj and ask Him-azwj to Lighten from your-saww community, for I-as was among the children of Israel, and they were not tolerating except less than this!’
فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى رَبِّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حَتَّى جَعَلَهَا خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ
He-saww did not cease returning to his-saww Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic until He-azwj Made it as five Salats.
قَالَ ثُمَّ مَرَّ عَلَى مُوسَى ع فَقَالَ كَمْ فُرِضَ عَلَى أُمَّتِكَ
He (the narrator) said, ‘Then he-saww passed by Musa-as. He-as said: ‘How many have been Imposed upon your-saww community?’
قَالَ خَمْسُ صَلَوَاتٍ
He-saww said: ‘Five (daily) Salats’.
قَالَ ارْجِعْ إِلَى رَبِّكَ فَاسْأَلْهُ أَنْ يُخَفِّفَ عَنْ أُمَّتِكَ
He-as said: ‘Return and ask Him-azwj to Lighten from your-saww community’.
قَالَ قَدِ اسْتَحْيَيْتُ مِنْ رَبِّي مِمَّا أَرْجِعُ إِلَيْهِ.
He-saww said: ‘I-saww am embarrassed from my-saww Lord-azwj from what I-saww have been returning to Him-azwj for’’.[163]
4- وَ مِنْهُ، وَ مِنَ الْعِلَلِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ عَنْ عَمِّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الرَّقِّيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ع قَالَ: جَاءَ نَفَرٌ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَسَأَلَهُ أَعْلَمُهُمْ عَنْ مَسَائِلَ فَكَانَ فِيمَا سَأَلَهُ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ اللَّهِ لِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ وَقَّتَ هَذِهِ الْخَمْسَ الصَّلَوَاتِ فِي خَمْسِ مَوَاقِيتَ عَلَى أُمَّتِكَ فِي سَاعَاتِ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ
And from him, and from ‘Al Ilal’, from Muhammad Bin Ali Majaylawiya, from his uncle, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Barqy, from Ali Bin Al-Husayn al Raqy, from Abdullah Bin Jabalah, from Muawiya Bin Ammar, from Al-Hassan Bin Abdullah, from his father,
‘From his grandfather-asws Al-Hassan-asws Bin Ali-asws having said: ‘A number of Jews came to Rasool-Allah-saww. Their most learned asked him-saww about issues. It was among what he had asked him-saww, ‘Inform me about Allah-azwj, for which thing (reason) He-azwj Timed these five (daily) Salats upon your-saww community, in timings of the night and day?’
قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ إِذَا طَلَعَتْ عِنْدَ الزَّوَالِ لَهَا حَلْقَةٌ تَدْخُلُ فِيهَا فَإِذَا دَخَلَتْ فِيهَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَيُسَبِّحُ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ دُونَ الْعَرْشِ لِوَجْهِ رَبِّي وَ هِيَ السَّاعَةُ الَّتِي يُصَلِّي عَلَيَّ فِيهَا رَبِّي فَفَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَيَّ وَ عَلَى أُمَّتِي فِيهَا الصَّلَاةَ
The Prophet-saww said: ‘When the sun ascends to the midday, there is a loop for it, in enters into. When it has entered into it, the sun declines, so every thing below the Throne glorifies to the Face of my-saww Lord-azwj, and it is the time in which my-saww Lord-azwj Sends Salawaat upon me-as. Therefore, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Imposed upon me-asws and upon my-saww community, the Salat during it.
وَ قَالَ أَقِمِ الصَّلاةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ وَ هِيَ السَّاعَةُ الَّتِي يُؤْتَى فِيهَا بِجَهَنَّمَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَمَا مِنْ مُؤْمِنٍ يُوَفَّقُ تِلْكَ السَّاعَةَ أَنْ يَكُونَ سَاجِداً أَوْ رَاكِعاً أَوْ قَائِماً إِلَّا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ جَسَدَهُ عَلَى النَّارِ
And He-azwj Said: Establish the Salat (from) the decline of the sun (midday) to the darkness of the night [17:78], and it is the timing which they shall be bringing Hell on the Day of Qiyamah. There will not be any Momin who coincides with that timing by performing Sajdah, or being in Ruk’u, or standing, except Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic will Prohibit his body unto the Fire.
وَ أَمَّا صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ فَهِيَ السَّاعَةُ الَّتِي أَكَلَ فِيهَا آدَمُ مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ فَأَخْرَجَهُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ ذُرِّيَّتَهُ بِهَذِهِ الصَّلَاةِ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ اخْتَارَهَا لِأُمَّتِي فَهِيَ مِنْ أَحَبِّ الصَّلَوَاتِ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ أَوْصَانِي أَنْ أَحْفَظَهَا مِنْ بَيْنِ الصَّلَوَاتِ
And as for Al-Asr Salat, it is the timing in which Adam-as had eaten from the tree, and Allah-azwj had Expelled him-saww from the Paradise, so Allah-azwj Commanded his-as offspring with this Salat up to the Day of Qiyamah, and Chose it for my-saww community. Thus, it is from the most Beloved of the Salats to Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and He-azwj Advised me-saww with preserving it from between the Salats.
وَ أَمَّا صَلَاةُ الْمَغْرِبِ فَهِيَ السَّاعَةُ الَّتِي تَابَ اللَّهُ فِيهَا عَلَى آدَمَ وَ كَانَ بَيْنَ مَا أَكَلَ مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ وَ بَيْنَ مَا تَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ ثَلَاثُ مِائَةِ سَنَةٍ مِنْ أَيَّامِ الدُّنْيَا وَ فِي أَيَّامِ الْآخِرَةِ يَوْمٌ كَأَلْفِ سَنَةٍ مِنْ وَقْتِ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ إِلَى الْعِشَاءِ
And as for Al-Maghrib Salat, it is the timing in which Allah-azwj Turned to Adam-as (with Forgiveness), and what is between him-as eating from the tree and Allah-azwj Turning to him‑saww, were three hundred years from days of the world, and in days of the Hereafter, a day is like a thousand years, from time of Al-Asr Salat to Al-Isha Salat.
فَصَلَّى آدَمُ ثَلَاثَ رَكَعَاتٍ رَكْعَةً لِخَطِيئَتِهِ وَ رَكْعَةً لِخَطِيئَةِ حَوَّاءَ وَ رَكْعَةً لِتَوْبَتِهِ فَافْتَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ هَذِهِ الثَّلَاثَ الرَّكَعَاتِ عَلَى أُمَّتِي وَ هِيَ السَّاعَةُ الَّتِي يُسْتَجَابُ فِيهَا الدُّعَاءُ
Adam-as prayed three Cycles Salat – a Cycle for his-as mistake, and a Cycle for the mistake of Hawwa-as, and a Cycle for his-as repentance. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Imposed these three Cycles upon my-saww community, and it is the time which the supplication gets Answered in.
فَوَعَدَنِي رَبِّي أَنْ يَسْتَجِيبَ لِمَنْ دَعَاهُ فِيهَا وَ هَذِهِ الصَّلَاةُ الَّتِي أَمَرَنِي بِهَا رَبِّي عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَقَالَ فَسُبْحانَ اللَّهِ حِينَ تُمْسُونَ وَ حِينَ تُصْبِحُونَ
My-saww Lord-saww has Promised me-saww that He-azwj will Answer to the one who supplicates to Him-azwj during it, and this is the Salat which my-saww Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Commanded me-saww with. He-azwj Said: Therefore, Glorify Allah when you come up to the evening and when you come up to the morning [30:17].
وَ أَمَّا صَلَاةُ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ فَإِنَّ لِلْقَبْرِ ظُلْمَةً وَ لِيَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ ظُلْمَةً أَمَرَنِيَ اللَّهُ وَ أُمَّتِي بِهَذِهِ الصَّلَاةِ فِي ذَلِكَ الْوَقْتِ لِتُنَوِّرَ لَهُمُ الْقُبُورَ وَ لِيُعْطَوُا النُّورَ عَلَى الصِّرَاطِ وَ مَا مِنْ قَدَمٍ مَشَتْ إِلَى صَلَاةِ الْعَتَمَةِ إِلَّا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ جَسَدَهَا عَلَى النَّارِ وَ هِيَ الصَّلَاةُ الَّتِي اخْتَارَهُ اللَّهُ لِلْمُرْسَلِينَ قَبْلِي
And as for Al-Isha Salat the last, there is darkness for the grave and for the Day of Qiyamah. Allah-azwj Commanded me-saww and my-saww community with this Salat during that time in order to Irradiate the graves for them and for them to be Given the Noor upon the Bridge, and there is none from a foot which walks to the Isha Salat except Allah-azwj Prohibits its body unto the Fire; and it is the Salat which Allah-azwj had Chosen for the Messengers-as before me-saww.
وَ أَمَّا صَلَاةُ الْفَجْرِ فَإِنَّ الشَّمْسَ إِذَا طَلَعَتْ تَطْلُعُ عَلَى قَرْنَيِ الشَّيْطَانِ فَأَمَرَنِيَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ صَلَاةَ الْفَجْرِ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْجُدَ لَهَا الْكَافِرُ فَتَسْجُدُ أُمَّتِي لِلَّهِ وَ سُرْعَتُهَا أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ هِيَ الصَّلَاةُ الَّتِي تَشْهَدُهَا مَلَائِكَةُ اللَّيْلِ وَ مَلَائِكَةُ النَّهَارِ
And as for Al-Fajr Salat, when the sun emerges, emerges upon the two horns of Satan-la. Allah‑azwj Mighty and Majestic Commanded me to pray Salat Al-Fajr before emergence of the sun, and before the Kafir prostrates to it. Thus, my-saww community performs Sajdah to it and their quickness it more Beloved to Allah-azwj; and it is the Salat which the Angels of the night and the day witness it’.
قَالَ صَدَقْتَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ.
He (the Jew) said, ‘You-saww speak the truth, O Muhammad-saww!’’[164]
5- تَفْسِيرُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَمَّا أُسْرِيَ بِي إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَ انْتَهَيْتُ إِلَى سِدْرَةِ الْمُنْتَهَى سَمِعْتُ الْأَذَانَ فَإِذَا مَلَكٌ يُؤَذِّنُ لَمْ يُرَ فِي السَّمَاءِ قَبْلَ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةِ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ
Tafseer Ali Bin Ibrahim – from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Salim,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘When there was ascension with me-saww to the sky and I-saww ended to Sidrat Al-Muntaha, I-saww heard the Azaan. There was an Angel proclaiming the Azaan. He had not been seen in the sky before that night. He said, ‘Allah-azwj is the Greatest! Allah-azwj is the Greatest!’
فَقَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ صَدَقَ عَبْدِي أَنَا أَكْبَرُ
Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: “My-azwj servant speaks the truth. I-azwj am the Greatest!”
فَقَالَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ
He said, ‘I testify that there is no god except Allah-azwj! I testify that there is no god except Allah-azwj!’
فَقَالَ اللَّهُ صَدَقَ عَبْدِي أَنَا اللَّهُ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ غَيْرِي
Allah-azwj Said: “My-azwj servant speaks the truth. I-azwj am Allah-azwj Who there is no god apart from Me-azwj!”
فَقَالَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً رَسُولُ اللَّهِ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً رَسُولُ اللَّهِ
He said, ‘I testify that Muhammad-saww is Rasool-saww of Allah-azwj! I testify that Muhammad‑saww is Rasool-saww of Allah-azwj!’
فَقَالَ اللَّهُ صَدَقَ عَبْدِي إِنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدِي وَ رَسُولِي أَنَا بَعَثْتُهُ وَ انْتَجَبْتُهُ
Allah-azwj Said: “My-azwj servant speaks the truth. Muhammad-saww is My-azwj servant and My‑azwj Rasool-saww. I-azwj Sent him-saww and Selected him-saww!”
فَقَالَ حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ
He said, ‘Hasten to the Salat! Hasten to the Salat!’
فَقَالَ اللَّهُ صَدَقَ عَبْدِي وَ دَعَا إِلَى فَرِيضَتِي فَمَنْ مَشَى إِلَيْهَا رَاغِباً فِيهَا مُحْتَسِباً كَانَتْ لَهُ كَفَّارَةٌ لِمَا مَضَى مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ
Allah-azwj Said: “My-azwj servant speaks the truth, and he has called to My-azwj Imposition. The one who walks to it being desirous regarding it, anticipating, it would be an atonement for him for what has passed from his sins!”
فَقَالَ حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ
He said, ‘Hasten to the success! Hasten to the success!’
فَقَالَ اللَّهُ هِيَ الصَّلَاحُ وَ النَّجَاحُ وَ الْفَلَاحُ
Allah-azwj Said: “It is the righteousness, and the gain, and the success!”
ثُمَّ أَمَمْتُ الْمَلَائِكَةَ فِي السَّمَاءِ كَمَا أَمَمْتُ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ
Then I-saww led the Angels in the sky, just as I-saww had led the Prophets-as in Bayt Al-Maqdis’.
قَالَ ثُمَّ غَشِيَتْنِي صَبَابَةٌ فَخَرَرْتُ سَاجِداً فَنَادَانِي رَبِّي أَنِّي قَدْ فَرَضْتُ عَلَى كُلِّ نَبِيٍّ كَانَ قَبْلَكَ خَمْسِينَ صَلَاةً وَ فَرَضْتُهَا عَلَيْكَ وَ عَلَى أُمَّتِكَ فَقُمْ بِهَا أَنْتَ فِي أُمَّتِكَ
He-saww said: ‘Then ardent love overwhelmed me-saww, so I-saww fell down in Sajdah. My-saww Lord-azwj Called out to me-saww: “I-azwj had Imposed fifty (daily) Salats upon every Prophet-as before you-saww, and I-azwj am Imposing it upon you-saww and upon your-saww community! So, you-saww should stand with it in your-saww community!”
فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَانْحَدَرْتُ حَتَّى مَرَرْتُ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ فَلَمْ يَسْأَلْنِي عَنْ شَيْءٍ حَتَّى انْتَهَيْتُ إِلَى مُوسَى فَقَالَ مَا صَنَعْتَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ ص
Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘I-saww went down until I-saww passed by Ibrahim-as. He-as did not ask me‑saww about anything until I-saww ended up to Musa-as. He-as said: ‘What happened, O Muhammad-saww?’
فَقُلْتُ قَالَ رَبِّي فَرَضْتُ عَلَى كُلِّ نَبِيٍّ كَانَ قَبْلَكَ خَمْسِينَ صَلَاةً وَ فَرَضْتُهَا عَلَيْكَ وَ عَلَى أُمَّتِكَ
I-saww said: ‘My-saww Lord-azwj Said: “I-azwj had Imposed fifty (daily) Salat upon every Prophet-saww before you-saww, and I-azwj am Imposing it upon you-saww and your-saww community!”’
فَقَالَ مُوسَى يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّ أُمَّتَكَ آخِرُ الْأُمَمِ وَ أَضْعَفُهَا وَ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَا يَرُدُّهُ شَيْءٌ وَ إِنَّ أُمَّتَكَ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تَقُومَ بِهَا فَارْجِعْ إِلَى رَبِّكَ فَاسْأَلْهُ التَّخْفِيفَ لِأُمَّتِكَ
Musa-as said: ‘O Muhammad-saww! Your-saww community is last of the communities and their weakest, and your-saww Lord-azwj will not Reject anything, and your-saww community is not capable of standing with it. Therefore, return to your-saww Lord-azwj and ask Him-azwj for the lightening for your-saww community’.
فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى رَبِّي حَتَّى انْتَهَيْتُ إِلَى سِدْرَةِ الْمُنْتَهَى فَخَرَرْتُ سَاجِداً ثُمَّ قُلْتُ فَرَضْتَ عَلَيَّ وَ عَلَى أُمَّتِي خَمْسِينَ صَلَاةً وَ لَا أُطِيقُ ذَلِكَ وَ لَا أُمَّتِي فَخَفِّفْ عَنِّي
I-saww returned to my-saww Lord-azwj until I-saww ended to Sidrat Al-Muntaha. I-saww fell in Sajdah, then said: ‘You-azwj have Imposed fifty (daily) Salats upon me-saww and my-saww community, and neither can I-saww endure than nor my-saww community, so Lighten from me-saww!’
فَوَضَعَ عَنِّي عَشْراً فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى مُوسَى وَ أَخْبَرْتُهُ فَقَالَ ارْجِعْ لَا تُطِيقُ
He-azwj Placed down ten from me-saww. I-saww returned to Musa-as and informed him-as. He-as said: ‘Return, you (Muslims) cannot endure!’
فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى رَبِّي فَوَضَعَ عَنِّي عَشْراً فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى مُوسَى فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ فَقَالَ ارْجِعْ وَ فِي كُلِّ رَجْعَةٍ
I-saww returned to my-saww Lord-azwj! He-azwj Dropped ten from me-saww. I-saww returned to Musa‑as and informed him-as. He-as said: ‘Return!’
أَرْجِعُ إِلَيْهِ أَخِرُّ سَاجِداً حَتَّى رَجَعَ إِلَى عَشْرِ صَلَوَاتٍ فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى مُوسَى وَ أَخْبَرْتُهُ فَقَالَ لَا تُطِيقُ
I-saww returned to Him-azwj. I-saww fell in Sajdah until He-azwj Returned it to ten Salats (daily). I‑saww returned to Musa-as and informed him-as. He-as said: ‘You (Muslims) cannot endure!’
فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى رَبِّي فَوَضَعَ عَنِّي خَمْساً فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى مُوسَى وَ أَخْبَرْتُهُ فَقَالَ لَا تُطِيقُ
I-saww returned to my-saww Lord-azwj. He-saww Placed down five from me-saww. I-saww returned to Musa-as and informed him-as. He-as said: ‘You (Muslims) cannot endure!’
فَقُلْتُ قَدِ اسْتَحْيَيْتُ مِنْ رَبِّي وَ لَكِنْ أَصْبِرُ عَلَيْهَا
I-saww said: ‘I-saww am too embarrassed from my-saww Lord-azwj. But, I-saww shall be patient upon it’.
فَنَادَانِي مُنَادٍ كَمَا صَبَرْتَ عَلَيْهَا فَهَذِهِ الْخَمْسُ بِخَمْسِينَ كُلُّ صَلَاةٍ بِعَشْرٍ وَ مَنْ هَمَّ مِنْ أُمَّتِكَ بِحَسَنَةٍ يَعْمَلُهَا فَعَمِلَهَا كَتَبْتُ لَهُ عَشْراً وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَعْمَلْ كَتَبْتُ لَهُ وَاحِدَةً وَ مَنْ هَمَّ مِنْ أُمَّتِكَ بِسَيِّئَةٍ فَعَمِلَهَا كَتَبْتُ عَلَيْهِ وَاحِدَةً وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَعْمَلْهَا لَمْ أَكْتُبْ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئاً
A caller called out to me-saww: ‘Just as you-saww have been patient upon it, so these five will be with (Rewards of) fifty, each Salat being as ten; and the one from your-saww community who even things of doing a good deed, so he does do it, ten shall be written for him; and if he does not do it, one will be written for him; and the one from your-saww community who thinks of an evil deed, so he does do it, one will be written against him, and if he does not do it, nothing will be written against him!’
فَقَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع جَزَى اللَّهُ مُوسَى عَنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ خَيْراً.
Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘May Allah-azwj Recompense Musa-as on behalf of this community!’ – the Hadeeth’’.[165]
6- الْخِصَالُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بُنْدَارَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْفَضْلِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: فُرِضَتْ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ص لَيْلَةَ أُسْرِيَ بِهِ الصَّلَاةُ خَمْسِينَ ثُمَّ نُقِصَتْ فَجُعِلَتْ خَمْساً نُودِيَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّهُ لَا يُبَدَّلُ الْقَوْلُ لَدَيَّ إِنَّ لَكَ بِهَذِهِ الْخَمْسِ خَمْسِينَ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – from Muhammad Bin Ja’far Bin Bundar, from Saeed Bin Ahmad, from Yahya Bin Al Fazl, from Yahya Bin Musa, from Abdul Razzaq, from Ma’mar, from Al Zuhry, from Anas (well-known fabricator) who said,
‘Fifty (daily) Salats were Imposed upon the Prophet-saww on the night of the Ascension. Then these were reduced and Made to be five. He-azwj Called out: “O Muhammad-saww! Surely, the Word will not Change with Me-azwj! There shall be (Rewards of) fifty for you-saww with these five!”’[166]
7- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ حُكَيْمٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْأَزْدِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: لَمَّا خَفَّفَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص حَتَّى صَارَتْ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّهَا خَمْسٌ بِخَمْسِينَ.
And from him, from his father, from Abdullah Bin Ja’far Al Himeyri, from Muawiya Bin Hukeym, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Abu Al-Hassan Al Azdy,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Lightened from the Prophet-saww until these came to be five Salats (daily), Allah-azwj Revealed to him-saww: “These five are with (Rewards of) fifty!”’[167]
8- الْعِلَلُ، وَ الْخِصَالُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْعَطَّارِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ شَمُّونٍ عَنْ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ الْخَادِمِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْمَاضِي ع لِمَ جُعِلَتْ صَلَاةُ الْفَرِيضَةِ وَ السُّنَّةِ خَمْسِينَ رَكْعَةً- لَا يُزَادُ فِيهَا وَ لَا يَنْقُصُ مِنْهَا
(The books) ‘Al Ilal’, and Al Khisaal’ – from his father, from Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Attar, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Al Ashari, from Ibrahim Bin Is’haq, from Muhammad Bin Al-Hassan Bin Shamoun, from Abu Hashim Al Khadim who said,
‘I said to Abu Al-Hassan Al-Maazy-asws (7th Imam-asws), ‘Why have the obligatory and the sunnah Salat to be of fifty Cycles, neither any increase in it nor any reduction from it?’
قَالَ إِنَّ سَاعَاتِ اللَّيْلِ اثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ سَاعَةً وَ فِيمَا بَيْنَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ إِلَى طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ سَاعَةٌ وَ سَاعَاتِ النَّهَارِ اثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ سَاعَةً فَجَعَلَ لِكُلِّ سَاعَةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ مَا بَيْنَ غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَى سُقُوطِ الشَّفَقِ غَسَقٌ فَجَعَلَ لِلْغَسَقِ رَكْعَةً.
He-asws said: ‘The hours of the night are twelve hours, and in what is between emergence of day to emergence of the sun there is an hour, and days of the day are twelve hours. So, two Cycles have been Made to be for every hour, and what is between setting of the sun up to the fall of twilight, is dusk. One Cycle has been Made to be for the dusk’’.[168]
بيان: هذا اصطلاح شرعي للساعات و هي مختلفة باختلاف الاصطلاحات و الركعة التي جعلت للغسق لعلها ركعتا الوتيرة فإنهما تعدان بركعة
Explanation (abridged) – This is a legal term for the hours, and it is difference with differing of the terms, and the Cycle which is made for the dusk, perhaps these are two Cycles, for these equate as one Cycle.
و من ذلك ما رواه جماعة من مشيخة علمائنا رضوان الله عليهم عن مولانا الصادق ع أن مطران النصارى سأل أباه الباقر ع عن مسائل عديدة عويصة منها الساعة التي ليست هي من ساعات الليل و لا من ساعات النهار أية ساعة هي فقال ع هي الساعة التي بين طلوع الفجر إلى طلوع الشمس.
And from that is what is reported by a group of elders of our scholars, may Allah-azwj be Pleased with them, from our Master-asws Al-Sadiq-saww. Matran Al-Ansary asked his-asws father-asws Al-Baqir-asws about a number of difficult issues. From these is the house which isn’t from hours of the night nor from hours of the day, which hour is it? He-asws said: ‘It is the hour which is between the emergence of dawn to emergence of the sun’.
9- الْعِلَلُ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْكُوفِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبَرْمَكِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ عِلَّةِ الصَّلَاةِ فَإِنَّ فِيهَا مَشْغَلَةً لِلنَّاسِ عَنْ حَوَائِجِهِمْ وَ مَتْعَبَةً لَهُمْ فِي أَبْدَانِهِمْ
(The book) ‘Al Ilal’ – from Ali Bin Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Abu Abdullah Al Kufi, from Muhammad Bin Ismail Al Barmakky, from Ali Bin Al Abbas, from Umar Bin Abdul Aziz, from Hisham Bin Al Hakam who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the reason for the Salat, for there is a pre-occupation in it for the people from (fulfilling) their (other) needs and tiredness for them in their bodies.
قَالَ فِيهَا عِلَلٌ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ النَّاسَ لَوْ تُرِكُوا بِغَيْرِ تَنْبِيهٍ وَ لَا تَذْكِيرٍ لِلنَّبِيِّ ص بِأَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْخَبَرِ الْأَوَّلِ وَ بَقَاءِ الْكِتَابِ فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ فَقَطْ لَكَانُوا عَلَى مَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ الْأَوَّلُونَ
He-asws said: ‘There is a reason in it, and that is, had the people been left without an alertness, nor a reminder of the Prophet-saww with more than the first news (of former people), and the remaining of the Book in their hands only (for show), they would have been upon what the former ones had been upon.
فَإِنَّهُمْ قَدْ كَانُوا اتَّخَذُوا دِيناً وَ وَضَعُوا كُتُباً وَ دَعَوْا أُنَاساً إِلَى مَا هُمْ عَلَيْهِ وَ قَتَلُوهُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَدَرَسَ أَمْرُهُمْ وَ ذَهَبَ حِينَ ذَهَبُوا
They (former ones) had taken a religion, and placed down (discarded) the Book, and called people to what they were upon, and they killed them upon that, so their affairs were rituals, and they (Muslims) would have gone where they (former ones) had gone.
وَ أَرَادَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَنْ لَا يُنْسِيَهُمْ أَمْرَ مُحَمَّدٍ ص فَفَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّلَاةَ يَذْكُرُونَهُ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ يُنَادُونَ بِاسْمِهِ وَ تَعَبَّدُوا بِالصَّلَاةِ وَ ذَكَرُوا اللَّهَ لِكَيْلَا يَغْفُلُوا عَنْهُ فَيَنْسَوْهُ فَيَنْدَرِسَ ذِكْرُهُ.
And Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Wanted that they should not forget the matter of Muhammad-saww, so He-azwj Imposed the Salat upon them so they would be reminded five times during every day, calling out with his-saww name and worship with the Salat, and mention Allah-azwj lest they become heedless about Him-azwj, so they would forget Him-azwj so they are ritualised his His-azwj Mention’’.[169]
10- الْعِلَلُ، وَ الْعُيُونُ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ الصَّحَّافِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ فِيمَا كَتَبَ الرِّضَا ع عَنْ جَوَابِ مَسَائِلِهِ قَالَ عِلَّةُ الصَّلَاةِ أَنَّهَا إِقْرَارٌ بِالرُّبُوبِيَّةِ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ خَلْعُ الْأَنْدَادِ وَ قِيَامٌ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ الْجَبَّارِ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ بِالذُّلِّ وَ الْمَسْكَنَةِ وَ الْخُضُوعِ وَ الِاعْتِرَافِ وَ الطَّلَبِ لِلْإِقَالَةِ مِنْ سَالِفِ الذُّنُوبِ وَ وَضْعِ الْوَجْهِ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ إِعْظَاماً لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ
(The book) ‘Al Ilal’, and ‘Al Uyoun’ – from Ali Bin Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from Muhammad Bin Abdullah, from Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Ali Bin Al Abbas, from Al Qasim Bin Al Rabie Al sahhaf, from Muhammad Bin Sinan,
‘Among what Al-Reza-asws has written in answer to his questions, he-asws said: ‘The reason for the Salat, it is an acknowledgment with the Lordship of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and vacating the idols, and standing in front of the Subduer, Majestic is His-azwj Majesty, with the disgrace, and the poverty, and the humbleness, and the acknowledgment, and the uprooting from the previous sins, and placing the face upon the ground every day five times a day in reverence to Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic.
وَ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَاكِراً غَيْرَ نَاسٍ وَ لَا بَطَرٍ وَ يَكُونَ خَاشِعاً مُتَذَلِّلًا رَاغِباً طَالِباً لِلزِّيَادَةِ فِي الدِّينِ وَ الدُّنْيَا مَعَ مَا فِيهِ مِنَ الِانْزِجَارِ وَ الْمُدَاوَمَةِ عَلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ لِئَلَّا يَنْسَى الْعَبْدُ سَيِّدَهُ وَ مُدَبِّرَهُ وَ خَالِقَهُ
And that he should be reminded, nor forgetting, nor cutting off, and he should be fearful, humble, desirous, seeking for the increase in the religion and the world, along with what is in it from the deterrence, and the constancy upon Zikr of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic by the night and the day, lest the servant forgets his Master-azwj, and his Manager-azwj, and his Creator.
فَيَبْطَرَ وَ يَطْغَى وَ يَكُونَ فِي ذِكْرِهِ لِرَبِّهِ وَ قِيَامِهِ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ زَاجِراً لَهُ مِنَ الْمَعَاصِي وَ مَانِعاً مِنْ أَنْوَاعِ الْفَسَادِ.
So, he would be overruled, and transcended, and in his Zikr of his Lord-azwj, and his standing in front of Him-azwj, it would be a rebuke for him from the acts of disobedience and a preventer from a variety of corruptions’’.[170]
11- الْعِلَلُ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَلَوِيِّ الدِّينَوَرِيِّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ رَفْعَ الْحَدِيثِ إِلَى الصَّادِقِ ع قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ لِمَ صَارَتِ الْمَغْرِبُ ثَلَاثَ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ أَرْبَعاً بَعْدَهَا لَيْسَ فِيهَا تَقْصِيرٌ فِي حَضَرٍ وَ لَا سَفَرٍ
(The book) ‘Al Ilal’ – from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Attar, from his father, from Abu Muhammad Al Alawy Al Dinawary, by his chain raising the Hadeeth to,
‘Al-Sadiq-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘Why did Al-Maghrib Salat become of three Cycles, and four after it. There isn’t any reduction in it, neither during staying nor travelling?’
فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْزَلَ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ ص لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فِي الْحَضَرِ فَأَضَافَ إِلَيْهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فِي الْحَضَرِ وَ قَصَّرَ فِيهَا فِي السَّفَرِ إِلَّا الْمَغْرِبَ
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed unto His-azwj Prophet-saww, two Cycles during the staying for every Salat. Rasool-Allah-saww added two Salats to every Salat in the staying and shortened in it during the travelling, except Al-Maghrib.
فَلَمَّا صَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ بَلَغَهُ مَوْلِدُ فَاطِمَةَ ع فَأَضَافَ إِلَيْهَا رَكْعَةً شُكْراً لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ
When he-saww had prayed Al-Maghrib, it reached him-saww (news of) being blessed with (Syeda) Fatima-asws. So, he-saww added one Cycle to it in thanking to Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic.
فَلَمَّا أَنْ وُلِدَ الْحَسَنُ ع أَضَافَ إِلَيْهَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ شُكْراً لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَلَمَّا أَنْ وُلِدَ الْحُسَيْنُ ع أَضَافَ إِلَيْهَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ شُكْراً لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ
When Al-Hassan-asws was blessed by (Allah-azwj) he-saww added two Cycles of thanks to Allah-azwj Mighty and majestic. When Al-Husayn-asws was blessed by (Allah-azwj), he-saww added two cycles to it in thanks to Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic.
فَقَالَ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ فَتَرَكَهَا عَلَى حَالِهَا فِي الْحَضَرِ وَ السَّفَرِ.
He-azwj said: “For the male is a share of two females. [4:11], so he-saww left it upon its state during the staying and the travelling’’.[171] (terrible recording and controversial – see note below)
و ينافيه الحديث الآتي و سائر الأحاديث المشابهة لها بل و اجماع المسلمين ان الركعات السبع زيدت في المدينة، و قد كان مولدها( ص) بمكّة بعد المبعث بخمسة أعوام.
Note – And the next Hadeeth negates it, and so do rest of the Ahadeeth resembling to it, but and the consensus of the Muslims that the seven additional Cycles were in Al Medina, and her-asws birth was at Makkah five years after the Prophet-hood.
12- الْعِلَلُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيِّ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ ع فَقُلْتُ لَهُ مَتَى فُرِضَتِ الصَّلَاةُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى مَا هُمُ الْيَوْمَ عَلَيْهِ
(The book) ‘Al Ilal’ – from his father, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al-Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Hisham Bin Salim, from Abu Hamza Al Sumali, from Saeed Bin Al Musayyab who said,
‘I asked Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws. I said to him-asws, ‘When was the Salat Imposed upon the Muslim, what they are upon today?’
قَالَ فَقَالَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ حِينَ ظَهَرَتِ الدَّعْوَةُ وَ قَوِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ وَ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ الْجِهَادَ زَادَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فِي الصَّلَاةِ سَبْعَ رَكَعَاتٍ فِي الظُّهْرِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ فِي الْعَصْرِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ رَكْعَةً وَ فِي الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ أَقَرَّ الْفَجْرَ عَلَى مَا فُرِضَتْ بِمَكَّةَ لِتَعْجِيلِ عُرُوجِ مَلَائِكَةِ اللَّيْلِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَ لِتَعْجِيلِ نُزُولِ مَلَائِكَةِ النَّهَارِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ
He (the narrator) said, ‘He-asws said: ‘At Al-Medina, when he-saww revealed the call (to Al-Islam) and Al-Islam was strong, and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Prescribed the Jihad upon the Muslims, Rasool-Allah-saww increased seven Cycles in the Salat – two Cycles in Al-Zohr, and two Cycles in Al-Asr, and one Cycles in Al-Maghrib, and two Cycles in Al-Isha the last, and he-saww settled Al-Fajr upon what had been Imposed at Makkah due to the hastening of the Angels of the night to the sky, and due to the hastening of the descent of the Angels of the day to the earth.
فَكَانَ مَلَائِكَةُ اللَّيْلِ وَ مَلَائِكَةُ النَّهَارِ يَشْهَدُونَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص صَلَاةَ الْفَجْرِ فَلِذَلِكَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كانَ مَشْهُوداً يَشْهَدُهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَ يَشْهَدُهُ مَلَائِكَةُ النَّهَارِ وَ مَلَائِكَةُ اللَّيْلِ.
Angels of the night and Angels of the day were witnessing Al-Fajr Salat with Rasool-Allah-saww. For that, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: and recitation at dawn. Surely the recitation at dawn was always witnessed [17:78]. The Muslims witnessed it, and Angels of the day and Angels of the night witnessed it’’.[172]
13- الْعِلَلُ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ حَمْدَانَ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَيِّ عِلَّةٍ أَوْجَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص صَلَاةَ الزَّوَالِ ثَمَانٍ قَبْلَ الظُّهْرِ وَ ثَمَانٍ قَبْلَ الْعَصْرِ وَ لِأَيِّ عِلَّةٍ رَغَّبَ فِي وُضُوءِ الْمَغْرِبِ كُلَّ الرَّغْبَةِ وَ لِأَيِّ عِلَّةٍ أَوْجَبَ الْأَرْبَعَ الرَّكَعَاتِ مِنْ بَعْدِ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ لِأَيِّ عِلَّةٍ كَانَ يُصَلِّي صَلَاةَ اللَّيْلِ فِي آخِرِ اللَّيْلِ وَ لَا يُصَلِّي فِي أَوَّلِ اللَّيْلِ
(The book) ‘Al Ilal’ – from Ali Bin Hatim, from Al Qasim Bin Muhammad, from Hamdan Bin Al-Husayn, from Al-Husayn Bin Al Waleed, from Abdullah Bin Hammad, from Abdullah Bin Sinan,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘For which reason did Rasool-Allah-saww obligate the midday Salat (optional) eight (Cycles) before Al Zohr, and eight (Cycles) after Al-Asr? And for which reason he-saww was desirous regarding performing Wud’u of Al-Maghrib with all desire? And for reason did he-saww obligate four Cycles from after Al-Maghrib? And for which reason did he-saww pray the night Salat at the end of the night and did not pray in the beginning of the night?’
قَالَ لِتَأْكِيدِ الْفَرَائِضِ لِأَنَّ النَّاسَ لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ إِلَّا أَرْبَعُ رَكَعَاتِ الظُّهْرِ لَكَانُوا مُسْتَخِفِّينَ بِهَا حَتَّى كَادَ يَفُوتُهُمُ الْوَقْتُ
He-asws said: ‘For emphasising the obligatory (Salat), because the people, had there not been except four Cycles of Al Zohr, they would be taking lightly with it until the timing would be almost missed out by them.
فَلَمَّا كَانَ شَيْئاً غَيْرَ الْفَرِيضَةِ أَسْرَعُوا إِلَى ذَلِكَ لِكَثْرَتِهِ وَ كَذَلِكَ الَّتِي مِنْ قَبْلِ الْعَصْرِ لِيُسْرِعُوا إِلَى ذَلِكَ لِكَثْرَتِهِ وَ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ إِنْ سَوَّفْنَا وَ نُرِيدُ أَنْ نُصَلِّيَ الزَّوَالَ يَفُوتُنَا الْوَقْتُ
When it were to be other than the obligatory, they would be quick to that due to its frequency, and like that is which from before Al-Asr. They would be quick to that due to its frequency, and that is because they are saying, ‘We have formed rows, and we want to pray the midday, We will miss the time’.
وَ كَذَلِكَ الْوُضُوءُ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ يَقُولُونَ حَتَّى نَتَوَضَّأَ يَفُوتُنَا الْوَقْتُ فَيُسْرِعُوا إِلَى الْقِيَامِ وَ كَذَلِكَ الْأَرْبَعَةُ رَكَعَاتٍ الَّتِي مِنْ بَعْدِ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ كَذَلِكَ صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ فِي آخِرِ اللَّيْلِ لِيُسْرِعُوا إِلَى الْقِيَامِ إِلَى صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ فَلِتِلْكَ الْعِلَّةِ وَجَبَ هَذِهِ هَكَذَا.
And like that is the Wud’u regarding Al-Maghrib (Salat). They are saying, ‘Until we perform Wud’u, we will miss the time, so they are quick to the standing; and like that the four Cycles which are from after Al-Maghrib, and like that is the night Salat at the end of the night. They would be quick to the standing to Al-Fajr Salat. So that is the reach of the obligation of these, like this!’’[173]
14- الْعِلَلُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُوسَى بْنِ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ السَّعْدَآبَادِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَلَاءِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: لَمَّا هَبَطَ آدَمُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ ظَهَرَتْ فِيهِ شَامَةٌ سَوْدَاءُ فِي وَجْهِهِ مِنْ قَرْنِهِ إِلَى قَدَمِهِ فَطَالَ حُزْنُهُ وَ بُكَاؤُهُ عَلَى مَا ظَهَرَ بِهِ فَأَتَاهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع فَقَالَ لَهُ مَا يُبْكِيكَ يَا آدَمُ
(The book) ‘Al Ilal’ – From Muhammad Bin Musa Bin Al Mutawakkil, from Ali Bin Al-Husayn Al Sa’dabadi, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah Al Barqy, from his father, from Fazalah, from Al-Husayn Bin Abu Al A’la,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When Adam-as came down from the Paradise, black moles appeared in him-as in his-as face, from his-as head to his-as feet. His-as grief and his-as crying upon what had appeared with him-as, was prolonged. Jibraeel-as came to him-as. He-as said to him-as: ‘What makes you-as cry, O Adam-as?’
قَالَ لِهَذَا الشَّامَةِ الَّتِي ظَهَرَتْ بِي
He-as said: ‘For these black moles which have appeared with me-as!’
قَالَ قُمْ فَصَلِّ فَهَذَا وَقْتُ الصَّلَاةِ الْأُولَى
He-as said: ‘Stand and pray Salat, for this is the time of the first Salat’.
فَقَامَ فَصَلَّى فَانْحَطَّتِ الشَّامَةُ إِلَى عُنُقِهِ فَجَاءَهُ فِي وَقْتِ الصَّلَاةِ الثَّانِيَةِ فَقَالَ يَا آدَمُ قُمْ فَصَلِّ فَهَذَا وَقْتُ الصَّلَاةِ الثَّانِيَةِ
He-as prayed Salat, and the moles dropped to his-as neck. Then he-as came to him-as during the time of the second Salat. He-as said: ‘O Adam-as! Stand and pray Salat, for this is the time of the second Salat’.
فَقَامَ فَصَلَّى فَانْحَطَّتِ الشَّامَةُ إِلَى سُرَّتِهِ فَجَاءَهُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ الثَّالِثَةِ فَقَالَ يَا آدَمُ قُمْ فَصَلِّ فَهَذَا وَقْتُ الصَّلَاةِ الثَّالِثَةِ
He-as stood and prayed Salat, and the moles dropped to his-as navel. Then he-as came to him-as during the third Salat. He-as said: ‘O Adam-as! Stand and pray Salat, for this is the time of the third Salat’.
فَقَامَ فَصَلَّى فَانْحَطَّتِ الشَّامَةُ إِلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ فَجَاءَهُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ الرَّابِعَةِ فَقَالَ يَا آدَمُ قُمْ فَصَلِّ فَهَذَا وَقْتُ الصَّلَاةِ الرَّابِعَةِ
He-as stood and prayed Salat, and the moles dropped to his-as knees. Then he-as came to him‑as during the fourth Salat. He-as said: ‘O Adam-as! Strand and pray Salat, for this is the time of the fourth Salat’.
فَقَامَ فَصَلَّى فَانْحَطَّتِ الشَّامَةُ إِلَى رِجْلَيْهِ فَجَاءَهُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ الْخَامِسَةِ فَقَالَ يَا آدَمُ قُمْ فَصَلِّ فَهَذَا وَقْتُ الصَّلَاةِ الْخَامِسَةِ
He-as stood and prayed Salat, and the moles dropped to his-as legs. He-as came to him-as during the fifth Salat. He-as said: ‘O Adam-as! Stand and pray Salat, for this is the time of the fifth Salat’.
فَقَامَ فَصَلَّى فَخَرَجَ مِنْهَا فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَ أَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ
He-as stood and prayed Salat, and (the moles) came out from him-as. He-as praised Allah-azwj and extolled upon Him-azwj.
فَقَالَ جَبْرَئِيلُ يَا آدَمُ مَثَلُ وُلْدِكَ فِي هَذِهِ الصَّلَاةِ كَمَثَلِكَ فِي هَذِهِ الشَّامَةِ مَنْ صَلَّى مِنْ وُلْدِكَ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَ لَيْلَةٍ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ خَرَجَ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ كَمَا خَرَجْتَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الشَّامَةِ.
Jibraeel-as said: ‘O Adam-as! An example of your-as children in this Salat is like your-as example in these moles. One from your children who prays Salat, five Salat during every day and night, will come out from his sins like what you-as have come out from these moles’’.[174]
15- الْعِلَلُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ عَنْ عَمِّهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْكُوفِيِّ عَنْ صَبَّاحٍ الْحَذَّاءِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ ع كَيْفَ صَارَتِ الصَّلَاةُ رَكْعَةً وَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ وَ كَيْفَ إِذَا صَارَتْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ لَمْ تَكُنْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ
(The book) ‘Al Ilal’ – from Muhammad Bin Ali Majaylawiya, from his uncle Muhammad Bin Abu Al Qasim, from Muhammad Bin Ali Al Kufi, from Sabbah Al Haza’a, from Is’haq Bin Ammar who said,
‘I asked Abu Al-Hassan Musa Bin Ja’far-asws, ‘How did the Salat become of one Cycle having two Sajdah(s), and how, when it became of two Sajdah(s), it does not become (count as) two Cycles?’
فَقَالَ إِذَا سَأَلْتَ عَنْ شَيْءٍ فَفَرِّغْ قَلْبَكَ لِتَفْهَمَ إِنَّ أَوَّلَ صَلَاةٍ صَلَّاهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّمَا صَلَّاهَا فِي السَّمَاءِ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى قُدَّامَ عَرْشِهِ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا أُسْرِيَ بِهِ وَ صَارَ عِنْدَ عَرْشِهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ ادْنُ مِنْ صَادٍ فَاغْسِلْ مَسَاجِدَكَ وَ طَهِّرْهَا وَ صَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ
He-asws said: ‘When you ask about something, then free your heart in order to understand. The first Salat Rasool-Allah-saww had prayed was in the sky in front of Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted, by His-azwj Throne, Majestic is His-azwj Majesty, and that is because when there was an ascension with him-as and he-as came to be by His-azwj Throne, Blessed and Exalted, He-azwj Said: “O Muhammad-saww! Go near ‘Saad’ (a spring), and wash your-saww places of Sajdah and clean them and pray Salat to your-saww Lord-azwj!”
فَدَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِلَى حَيْثُ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فَتَوَضَّأَ فَأَسْبَغَ وُضُوءَهُ ثُمَّ اسْتَقْبَلَ الْجَبَّارَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى قَائِماً فَأَمَرَهُ بِافْتِتَاحِ الصَّلَاةِ فَفَعَلَ
Rasool-Allah-saww went near to where Allah-azwj the Exalted had Commanded. He-saww performed Wud’u, and perfected his-saww Wud’u. Then he-saww faced the Subduer, Blessed and Exalted, standing. He-azwj Commanded him-saww with beginning the Salat. He-saww did so.
فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ اقْرَأْ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ- الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعالَمِينَ إِلَى آخِرِهَا فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ
He-azwj Said: “O Muhammad-saww! Recite: ‘In the Name of Allah the Beneficent, the Merciful [1:1]. ‘All Praise is for Allah the Lord of the Worlds [1:2] – up to its end”. He-saww did that.
ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ نِسْبَةَ رَبِّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى- بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ- قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ ثُمَّ أَمْسَكَ عَنْهُ الْقَوْلَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ
Then He-azwj Commanded him to recite the Attribution of his-saww Lord-azwj Blessed and Exalted: ‘In the Name of Allah the Beneficent, the Merciful [1:1]. ‘He, Allah, is One [112:1] Allah is Al-Samad [112:2]’. Then He-azwj Withheld the Word from him-saww. Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘‘He, Allah, is One [112:1] Allah is Al-Samad [112:2]’.
فَقَالَ قُلْ لَمْ يَلِدْ وَ لَمْ يُولَدْ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُواً أَحَدٌ فَأَمْسَكَ عَنْهُ الْقَوْلَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص- كَذَلِكَ اللَّهُ رَبِّي كَذَلِكَ اللَّهُ رَبِّي كَذَلِكَ اللَّهُ رَبِّي
He-azwj Said: “Say: He does not beget and is not begotten [112:3] And there does not happen to be anyone a match for Him’ [112:4]!” He-azwj Withheld the Word from him-saww. Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Like that is my-saww Lord-azwj! Like that is my-saww Lord-azwj! Like that is my-saww Lord-azwj!’
فَلَمَّا قَالَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ ارْكَعْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ لِرَبِّكَ فَرَكَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَ لَهُ وَ هُوَ رَاكِعٌ قُلْ سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْعَظِيمِ وَ بِحَمْدِهِ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثاً
When he-saww had said that, He-azwj Said: ‘Perform Ruk’u, O Muhammad-saww, to your-saww Lord-azwj!” Rasool-Allah-saww performed Ruk’u. He-azwj Said to him-saww while he-saww was in Ruk’u: “Say: ‘Glorious is my-saww Lord-azwj the Magnificent, and by His-azwj Praise!’” He-saww did that thrice.
ثُمَّ قَالَ ارْفَعْ رَأْسَكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَقَامَ مُنْتَصِباً بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اللَّهِ
Then He-azwj Said: “Raise your-saww head, O Muhammad-saww!” Rasool-Allah-saww did that. He‑saww stood upright in front of Allah-azwj.
فَقَالَ اسْجُدْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ لِرَبِّكَ فَخَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص سَاجِداً
He-azwj Said: “Perform Sajdah, O Muhammad-saww, to your-saww Lord-azwj!” Rasool-Allah-saww fell in Sajdah.
فَقَالَ قُلْ سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْأَعْلَى وَ بِحَمْدِهِ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص ثَلَاثاً
He-azwj Said: “Say: ‘Glorious is my-saww Lord-azwj the Exalted, and by His-azwj Praise!’” Rasool-Allah-saww did that thrice.
فَقَالَ لَهُ اسْتَوِ جَالِساً يَا مُحَمَّدُ فَفَعَلَ فَلَمَّا اسْتَوَى جَالِساً ذَكَرَ جَلَالَ رَبِّهِ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ فَخَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص سَاجِداً مِنْ تِلْقَاءِ نَفْسِهِ- لَا لِأَمْرٍ أَمَرَهُ رَبُّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَسَبَّحَ أَيْضاً ثَلَاثاً
He-azwj Said to him-saww: “Sit upright, O Muhammad-saww!” He-saww did that. When he-saww was sitting evenly, he-saww recalled the Majesty of his-saww Lord-azwj, Majestic is His-azwj Majesty, so Rasool-Allah-saww fell in Sajdah from his-saww own accord, not by a Command he-saww had been Commanded by his-saww Lord-azwj, Mighty and Majestic. He glorified as well, thrice.
فَقَالَ انْتَصِبْ قَائِماً فَفَعَلَ فَلَمْ يَرَ مَا كَانَ رَأَى مِنْ عَظَمَةِ رَبِّهِ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ
He-azwj Said: “Stand straight!” He-saww did so, but he-saww did not see what he-saww had seen from the Magnificence of his-saww Lord-azwj, Majestic is His-azwj Majesty.
فَقَالَ لَهُ اقْرَأْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ وَ افْعَلْ كَمَا فَعَلْتَ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأُولَى فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص ثُمَّ سَجَدَ سَجْدَةً وَاحِدَةً فَلَمَّا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ ذَكَرَ جَلَالَةَ رَبِّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى الثَّانِيَةَ فَخَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص سَاجِداً مِنْ تِلْقَاءِ نَفْسِهِ- لَا لِأَمْرٍ أَمَرَهُ رَبُّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَسَبَّحَ أَيْضاً
He-azwj Said to him-saww: “Recite, O Muhammad-saww, and do what you-saww had done in the first Cycle!” Rasool-Allah-saww did that, then performed one Sajdah. When he-saww raised his-saww head, he-saww recalled the Majesty of his-saww Lord (s.w.t) Blessed and Exalted, for the second time. So Rasool-Allah-saww fell into Sajdah from his-saww own accord, not by a Command his-saww Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic had Commanded. He-saww glorified as well.
ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ ارْفَعْ رَأْسَكَ ثَبَّتَكَ اللَّهُ وَ اشْهَدْ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَ أَنَّ السَّاعَةَ آتِيَةٌ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهَا وَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْعَثُ مَنْ فِي الْقُبُورِ-
Then He-azwj Said to him-saww: “Raise your-saww head, Allah-azwj will Affirm you-saww, and testify that there is no god except Allah-azwj, and that Muhammad-saww is Rasool-saww of Allah-azwj, and the Hour is coming there is no doubt in it, and Allah-azwj will Resurrect the ones in the graves.
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ ارْحَمْ مُحَمَّداً وَ آلَ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ وَ بَارَكْتَ وَ تَرَحَّمْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ اللَّهُمَّ تَقَبَّلْ شَفَاعَتَهُ فِي أُمَّتِهِ وَ ارْفَعْ دَرَجَتَهُ فَفَعَلَ
O Allah-azwj! Send Salawaat upon Muhammad-saww and Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww, and Mercy Muhammad-saww and Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww, like what You-azwj had Sent Salawaat, and Blessed, and Mercied upon Ibrahim-as and progeny of Ibrahim-as, You-azwj are Praised, Glorified. O Allah-azwj! Accept his-saww intercession in his-saww community and Raise his-saww rank!” He-saww did so.
فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ سَلِّمْ فَاسْتَقْبَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص رَبَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى وَجْهُهُ مُطْرِقاً فَقَالَ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ
He-azwj Said: ‘O Muhammad-saww, greet!’ Rasool-Allah-saww faced his-saww Lord-azwj Blessed and Exalted, his-saww head lowered. He-saww said: ‘The greeting be unto You-azwj!’
فَأَجَابَهُ الْجَبَّارُ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ فَقَالَ وَ عَلَيْكَ السَّلَامُ يَا مُحَمَّدُ بِنِعْمَتِي قَوَّيْتُكَ عَلَى طَاعَتِي وَ بِعِصْمَتِي إِيَّاكَ اتَّخَذْتُكَ نَبِيّاً وَ حَبِيباً
The Subduer, Majestic is His-azwj Majesty, Answered him-saww. He-azwj Said: “And upon you-saww be the greeting, O Muhammad-saww! With My-azwj bounties I-azwj have Strengthened you upon obeying Me-azwj, and by My-azwj Protecting you-saww I-azwj have Taken you-saww as a Prophet-saww and a Beloved!”’
ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع وَ إِنَّمَا كَانَتِ الصَّلَاةُ الَّتِي أَمَرَ بِهَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ وَ هُوَ ص إِنَّمَا سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ عَمَّا أَخْبَرْتُكَ مِنْ تَذَكُّرِهِ لِعَظَمَةِ رَبِّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى فَجَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَرْضاً
Then Abu Al-Hassan-asws said: ‘And rather, the Salat which He-azwj Commanded with, was of two Cycles, and two Sajdah(s), and he-saww rather performed two Sajdah(s) in each Cycle, from what I-asws have informed you, of his-saww recalling Magnificence of his-saww Lord-azwj, Blessed and Exalted. So Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Made it an obligation’.
قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ وَ مَا صَادٌ الَّذِي أُمِرَ أَنْ يَغْتَسِلَ مِنْهُ
I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! And what is ‘Sa’ad’ which He-azwj had Commanded him to wash from it?’
فَقَالَ عَيْنٌ يَنْفَجِرُ مِنْ رُكْنٍ مِنْ أَرْكَانِ الْعَرْشِ يُقَالُ لَهُ مَاءُ الْحَيَاةِ وَ هُوَ مَا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ ص وَ الْقُرْآنِ ذِي الذِّكْرِ إِنَّمَا أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَتَوَضَّأَ وَ يَقْرَأَ وَ يُصَلِّيَ.
He-asws said: ‘A spring bursting forth from a corner from corners of the Throne, called ‘The water of life’, and it is what Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: “Saad! By the Quran with the Zikr [38:1]”. But rather, He-azwj had Commanded him-saww to perform Wud’u, and recite, and pray Salat’’.[175]
16- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْكُوفِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبَرْمَكِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَرْشِ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ عِلَّةِ الصَّلَاةِ كَيْفَ صَارَتْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ أَرْبَعَ سَجَدَاتٍ أَلَّا كَانَتْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَ حَدِيثِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع يَزِيدُ اللَّفْظَ وَ يَنْقُصُ.
And from him, from Ali Bin Ahmad, from Muhammad Bin Abu Abdullah Al Kufi, from Muhammad Bin Ismail Al Barmakky, from Ali Bin Al Abbas, from Ikrimah Bin Abdul Arsh, from Hisham Bin Al Hakam who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about reason of the Salat, ‘How did it become of two Cycles and four Sajdah(s)? Were these not two Cycles and two Sajdah(s) (before)?’ – He mentioned approximate to the Hadeeth by Is’haq Bin Ammar, from Abu Al-Hassan-asws, increasing the word and reducing’’.[176]
17- الْعِلَلُ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْأَسَدِيِّ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ النَّخَعِيِّ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الْبَطَائِنِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لِمَ صَارَتِ الصَّلَاةُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ أَرْبَعَ سَجَدَاتٍ
(The book) ‘Al Ilal’ – from Ali Bin Ahmad, from Muhammad Bin Ja’far Al Asady, from Musa Bin Imran Al Nakhair, from Al-Husayn Bin Yazeed Al Nowfaly, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza Al Batainy, from Abu Baseer who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘Why did the Salat become of two Cycles and four Sajdah(s.)?’
قَالَ لِأَنَّ رَكْعَةً مِنْ قِيَامٍ بِرَكْعَتَيْنِ مِنْ جُلُوسٍ.
He-asws said: ‘Because one Cycle from standing is with two Cycles from sitting’’.[177]
18- الْعِلَلُ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْعَلَوِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي حَكِيمٍ الزَّاهِدِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: بَيْنَمَا أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع مَارٌّ بِفِنَاءِ بَيْتِ اللَّهِ الْحَرَامِ إِذَا نَظَرَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ يُصَلِّي فَاسْتَحْسَنَ صَلَاتَهُ فَقَالَ يَا هَذَا الرَّجُلُ أَ تَعْرِفُ تَأْوِيلَ صَلَاتِكَ
(The book) ‘Al Ilal’ – from Ali Bin Hatim, from Ibrahim Bin Ali, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Ansari, from Al-Hassan Bin Ali Al Alawy, from Abu Hakeem Al Zahid, from Ahmad Bin Abdullah who said,
‘While Amir Al Momineen-asws was passing by courtyard of the Sacred House of Allah-azwj when he-asws looked at a man praying Salat, and his Salat was excellent. He-asws said: ‘O you man! Do you know interpretation of your Salat?’
قَالَ الرَّجُلُ يَا ابْنَ عَمِّ خَيْرِ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ وَ هَلْ لِلصَّلَاةِ تَأْوِيلٌ غَيْرُ التَّعَبُّدِ
The man said, ‘O son-asws of uncle-as, best creature of Allah-azwj! And is there an interpretation for the Salat apart from the servitude?’
قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع اعْلَمْ يَا هَذَا الرَّجُلُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى مَا بَعَثَ نَبِيَّهُ ص بِأَمْرٍ مِنَ الْأُمُورِ إِلَّا وَ لَهُ مُتَشَابِهٌ وَ تَأْوِيلٌ وَ تَنْزِيلٌ وَ كُلُّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى التَّعَبُّدِ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَعْرِفْ تَأْوِيلَ صَلَاتِهِ فَصَلَاتُهُ كُلُّهَا خِدَاجٌ نَاقِصَةٌ غَيْرُ تَامَّةٍ
Ali-asws said: ‘Know, O you man! Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted did not Send His-azwj Prophet-saww with any Command from the Commands except and for it is an allegorical, and an interpretation, and Revelation, and all that is based upon the servitude. The one who does not recognise interpretation of his Salat, so all of his Salat is abortive, deficient, incomplete!’
فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ يَا ابْنَ عَمِّ خَيْرِ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ مَا مَعْنَى رَفْعِ يَدَيْكَ فِي التَّكْبِيرَةِ الْأُولَى
The man said, ‘O son-asws of uncle-as, best creature of Allah-azwj! What is the meaning of raising your hand in the first Takbeer?’
فَقَالَ ع اللَّهُ الْوَاحِدُ الْأَحَدُ الَّذِي لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ- لَا يُقَاسُ بِشَيْءٍ وَ لَا يُلْمَسُ بِالْأَخْمَاسِ وَ لَا يُدْرَكُ بِالْحَوَاسِّ
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj, the Individual, the One Who there isn’t anything like him. He-azwj cannot be compared with anything, nor can he be touched by the five senses, nor realised by the perceptions’.
قَالَ الرَّجُلُ مَا مَعْنَى مَدِّ عُنُقِكَ فِي الرُّكُوعِ
The man said, ‘What is the meaning of extending your neck in the Ruk’u?’
قَالَ تَأْوِيلُهُ آمَنْتُ بِوَحْدَانِيَّتِكَ وَ لَوْ ضَرَبْتَ عُنُقِي
He-asws said: ‘It’s interpretation is, ‘I have believed in Your-azwj Oneness, and even if You-azwj were to strike off my neck’’.
قَالَ الرَّجُلُ مَا مَعْنَى السَّجْدَةِ الْأُولَى
The man said, ‘What is the meaning of the first Sajdah?’
فَقَالَ تَأْوِيلُهَا اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ مِنْهَا خَلَقْتَنِي يَعْنِي مِنَ الْأَرْضِ وَ رَفْعُ رَأْسِكَ وَ مِنْهَا أَخْرَجْتَنَا وَ السَّجْدَةُ الثَّانِيَةُ وَ إِلَيْهَا تُعِيدُنَا وَ رَفْعُ رَأْسِكَ مِنَ الثَّانِيَةِ وَ مِنْهَا تُخْرِجُنَا تَارَةً أُخْرَى
He-asws said: ‘It’s interpretation is, ‘O Allah-azwj! You-azwj have Created me from it’ – meaning from the earth, and raised your head, ‘And You-azwj will Extract me from it’, and the second Sajdah, ‘And You-azwj will be Returning us to it’, and raise your head the second time, ‘And You-azwj will be Extracting us another time’’.
قَالَ الرَّجُلُ مَا مَعْنَى رَفْعِ رِجْلِكَ الْيُمْنَى وَ طَرْحِكَ الْيُسْرَى فِي التَّشَهُّدِ
The man said, ‘What is the meaning of raising your right leg and dropping the left during the Tashahhud?’
قَالَ تَأْوِيلُهُ اللَّهُمَّ أَمِتِ الْبَاطِلَ وَ أَقِمِ الْحَقَ.
He-asws said: ‘It’s interpretation is, ‘O Allah-azwj! I kill the falsehood and establish the truth’’.[178]
19- الْعِلَلُ، وَ الْعُيُونُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبْدُوسٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قُتَيْبَةَ فِي عِلَلِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنِ الرِّضَا ع فَإِنْ قَالَ فَلِمَ أُمِرُوا بِالصَّلَاةِ
(The book) ‘Al Ilal’, and ‘Al Uyoun’ – from Abdul Wahid Bin Muhammad Bin Ubdous, from Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Quteyba, from Ilal Al Fazl Bin Shazan,
‘From Al-Reza-asws (in an argumentation): ‘If he says, ‘Why have they been Commanded with praying the Salat?’
قِيلَ لِأَنَّ فِي الصَّلَاةِ الْإِقْرَارَ بِالرُّبُوبِيَّةِ وَ هُوَ صَلَاحٌ عَامٌّ لِأَنَّ فِيهِ خَلْعَ الْأَنْدَادِ وَ الْقِيَامَ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ الْجَبَّارِ بِالذُّلِّ وَ الِاسْتِكَانَةِ وَ الْخُضُوعِ وَ الِاعْتِرَافِ وَ طَلَبِ الْإِقَالَةِ مِنْ سَالِفِ الذُّنُوبِ وَ وَضْعِ الْجَبْهَةِ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ وَ لَيْلَةٍ لِيَكُونَ الْعَبْدُ ذَاكِراً لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى غَيْرَ نَاسٍ لَهُ وَ يَكُونَ خَاشِعاً وَجِلًا مُتَذَلِّلًا طَالِباً رَاغِباً فِي الزِّيَادَةِ لِلدِّينِ وَ الدُّنْيَا مَعَ مَا فِيهِ مِنَ الِانْزِجَارِ عَنِ الْفَسَادِ
It will be said, ‘Because in the Salat is the acknowledgment with the Lordship, and it is the general righteousness, because in it is vacating the idols, and the standing in front of the Subduer with the disgrace, and the yielding, and the humility, and the acknowledgment, and seeking the uprooting from the previous sins, and placing the forehead upon the ground every day and night, for the servant to remember of Allah-azwj the Exalted without being forgetful of Him-azwj, and he would be fearful, trepidation, disgrace, seeking desirously in the increase for the religion and the world, along with what is in it from the deterrence from the corruption.
وَ صَارَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَ لَيْلَةٍ لِئَلَّا يَنْسَى الْعَبْدُ مُدَبِّرَهُ وَ خَالِقَهُ فَيَبْطَرَ وَ يَطْغَى وَ لِيَكُونَ فِي ذِكْرِ خَالِقِهِ وَ الْقِيَامُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَبِّهِ زَاجِراً لَهُ عَنِ الْمَعَاصِي وَ عَاجِزاً وَ مَانِعاً عَنْ أَنْوَاعِ الْفَسَادِ
And that comes to be upon him during every day and night, lest the servant forgets his Manager and his Creator, so he would become ungrateful, and rebel, and during Zikr of his Creator and standing in front of his Lord-azwj, he would be rebuked from the acts of disobedience, and frustrated, and prevented from a variety of corruptions.
فَإِنْ قَالَ فَلِمَ جُعِلَ أَصْلُ الصَّلَاةِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ لِمَ زِيدَ عَلَى بَعْضِهَا رَكْعَةً وَ عَلَى بَعْضِهَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ لَمْ يُزَدْ عَلَى بَعْضِهَا شَيْءٌ
If he says, ‘Why was the original Salat Made to be of two Cycles and did not increase upon the other by one Cycle, and upon other by two Cycles, and upon another not increased upon it by anything?’
قِيلَ لِأَنَّ أَصْلَ الصَّلَاةِ إِنَّمَا هِيَ رَكْعَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ لِأَنَّ أَصْلَ الْعَدَدِ وَاحِدٌ فَإِذَا نَقَصَتْ مِنْ وَاحِدٍ فَلَيْسَتْ هِيَ صَلَاةً فَعَلِمَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنَّ الْعِبَادَ لَا يُؤَدُّونَ تِلْكَ الرَّكْعَةَ الْوَاحِدَةَ الَّتِي لَا صَلَاةَ أَقَلُّ مِنْهَا بِكَمَالِهَا وَ تَمَامِهَا وَ الْإِقْبَالِ عَلَيْهَا فَقَرَنَ إِلَيْهَا رَكْعَةً لِيَتِمَّ بِالثَّانِيَةِ مَا نَقَصَ مِنَ الْأُولَى فَفَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَصْلَ الصَّلَاةِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ
It was said, ‘Because the original Salat, rather it is one Cycle, because the original number is one. When you are deficient from one, it isn’t a Salat. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Knew that the servant will not be fulfilling that one Cycle which there is no Salat less than it, with its perfection, and its completeness, and the concentrating upon it. So He-azwj Paired one Cycle to it for him to complete with the second what he had been deficient from the first. Thus Allah-azwj Imposed the original Salat as two Cycles.
ثُمَّ عَلِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَنَّ الْعِبَادَ لَا يُؤَدُّونَ هَاتَيْنِ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ بِتَمَامِ مَا أُمِرُوا بِهِ وَ كَمَالِهِ فَضَمَّ إِلَى الظُّهْرِ وَ الْعَصْرِ وَ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ لِيَكُونَ فِيهِمَا تَمَامُ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ الْأُولَيَيْنِ
Then Rasool-Allah-saww knew that the servant will not be fulfil these two Cycles with completeness of what they have been Commanded with and with its perfection. So he-saww jointed two Cycles, two Cycles to Al Zohr, and Al-Asr, and Al-Isha the last, for there to be in these completeness of the first two Cycles.
ثُمَّ عَلِمَ أَنَّ صَلَاةَ الْمَغْرِبِ يَكُونُ شُغُلُ النَّاسِ فِي وَقْتِهَا أَكْثَرَ لِلِانْصِرَافِ إِلَى الْأَوْطَانِ وَ الْأَكْلِ وَ الْوُضُوءِ وَ التَّهْيِئَةِ لِلْمَبِيتِ فَزَادَ فِيهَا رَكْعَةً وَاحِدَةً لِيَكُونَ أَخَفَّ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ لِأَنْ تَصِيرَ رَكَعَاتُ الصَّلَاةِ فِي الْيَوْمِ وَ اللَّيْلَةِ فَرْداً
Then he-saww knew that Al-Maghrib Salat, the people would be busier during its timing for the leaving to go to the homes, and the eating, and the Wud’u, and preparing for the sleeping, so he-as increased one Salat in it for it to be lighter upon them, and because the Cycles of Salat during the day and the night would be odd (number).
ثُمَّ تَرَكَ الْغَدَاةَ عَلَى حَالِهَا لِأَنَّ الِاشْتِغَالَ فِي وَقْتِهَا أَكْثَرُ وَ الْمُبَادَرَةَ إِلَى الْحَوَائِجِ فِيهَا أَعَمُّ وَ لِأَنَّ الْقُلُوبَ فِيهَا أَخْلَى مِنَ الْفِكْرِ لِقِلَّةِ مُعَامَلَاتِ النَّاسِ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ لِقِلَّةِ الْأَخْذِ وَ الْإِعْطَاءِ فَالْإِنْسَانُ فِيهَا أَقْبَلُ عَلَى صَلَاتِهِ مِنْهُ فِي غَيْرِهَا مِنَ الصَّلَوَاتِ لِأَنَّ الْفِكْرَ قد تقدم [أَقَلُّ لِعَدَمِ] الْعَمَلِ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ
Then he-saww left the morning (Salat) upon its state, because of the pre-occupation during its timings is more, and the rushing to the need during it is general, and because the hearts during it are emptier from the thinking due to scarcity of the dealings of the people at night, and due to the lack of taking and giving. Thus the person during it is more concentrating upon his Salat that he is from other Salat, because the thinking preceded the work from the night.
فَإِنْ قَالَ فَلِمَ جُعِلَ رَكْعَةً وَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ
If he says, ‘Why has one Cycle and two Sajdah(s) been made to be?’
قِيلَ لِأَنَّ الرُّكُوعَ مِنْ فِعْلِ الْقِيَامِ وَ السُّجُودَ مِنْ فِعْلِ الْقُعُودِ وَ صَلَاةَ الْقَاعِدِ عَلَى النِّصْفِ مِنْ صَلَاةِ الْقِيَامِ فَضُوعِفَ السُّجُودُ لِيَسْتَوِيَ بِالرُّكُوعِ فَلَا يَكُونَ بَيْنَهُمَا تَفَاوُتٌ لِأَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ إِنَّمَا هِيَ رُكُوعٌ وَ سُجُودٌ.
It will be said, ‘Because the Ruk’u is from work of the standing, and the Sajdah is from work of the sitting, and Salat of a sitting one is upon the half than Salat of the standing one. Thus, the Sajdah have been doubled in order to equate with the Ruk’u, so there would not be any difference between the two, because the Salat is rather Ruk’u and Sajdah(s)’’.[179]
20- الْمَحَاسِنُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَلَاءِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ أَصْحَابَ الدَّهْرِ يَقُولُونَ كَيْفَ صَارَتِ الصَّلَاةُ رَكْعَةً وَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ وَ لَمْ تَكُنْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ
(The book) ‘Al Mahasin’ – from his father, from Fazala, from Al-Husayn Bin Abu Al A’ala who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘The externalist’s are saying, ‘How did the Salat become of one Cycles and two Sajdah(s) and not become of two Cycles and two Sajdah(s)?’
فَقَالَ إِذَا سَأَلْتَ عَنْ شَيْءٍ فَفَرِّغْ قَلْبَكَ لِفَهْمِهِ إِنَّ النَّاسَ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ أَوَّلَ صَلَاةٍ صَلَّاهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فِي الْأَرْضِ أَتَاهُ جَبْرَئِيلُ بِهَا وَ كَذَبُوا إِنَّ أَوَّلَ صَلَاةٍ صَلَّاهَا فِي السَّمَاءِ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى مُقَابِلَ عَرْشِهِ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ
He-asws said: ‘When you ask about something, free your heart to understand it. The people are claiming that the first Salat Rasool-Allah-saww prayed was in the earth, Jibraeel-as came to him-saww with it, and they are lying. The first Salat he-saww prayed is in the sky in front of Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted, facing His-azwj Throne, Majestic is His-azwj Majestic.
وَ أَوْحَى إِلَيْهِ وَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَدْنُوَ مِنْ صَادٍ فَيَتَوَضَّأَ وَ قَالَ أَسْبِغْ وُضُوءَكَ وَ طَهِّرْ مَسَاجِدَكَ وَ صَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ
And He-azwj Revealed to him-saww and Commanded him to go near to ‘Sa’ad’ (spring) and perform Wud’u, and He-azwj Said: “Perfect your-saww Wud’u and clean your-saww places of Sajdah, and pray Salat to your-saww Lord-azwj!”’
قُلْتُ لَهُ وَ مَا الصَّادُ
I said to him-asws, ‘And what is ‘Al-Sa’ad’?’
قَالَ عَيْنٌ تَحْتَ رُكْنٍ مِنْ أَرْكَانِ الْعَرْشِ أُعِدَّتْ لِمُحَمَّدٍ ص
He-asws said: ‘A spring beneath a corner from corners of the Throne, prepared for Muhammad‑saww’.
ثُمَّ قَرَأَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع ص وَ الْقُرْآنِ ذِي الذِّكْرِ فَتَوَضَّأَ وَ أَسْبَغَ وُضُوءَهُ ثُمَّ اسْتَقْبَلَ عَرْشَ الرَّحْمَنِ فَقَامَ قَائِماً
Then Abu Abdullah-asws recited: “Saad! By the Quran with the Zikr [38:1]”. ‘He-saww performed Wud’u and perfected his-saww Wud’u, then he-saww the Throne of the Beneficent. He-saww stood straight.
فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ بِافْتِتَاحِ الصَّلَاةِ فَفَعَلَ ثُمَّ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ وَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَقْرَأَهَا
Allah-azwj Revealed to him-saww with opening (beginning) the Salat. He-saww did so. Then He-azwj Revealed to him-saww with ‘Opening of the Book’ (Surah Al-Fatiha), and Commanded him-saww to recite it.
ثُمَّ أَوْحَى إِلَيْهِ أَنِ اقْرَأْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ نِسْبَةَ رَبِّكَ فَقَرَأَ قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ ثُمَّ أَمْسَكَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ الْقَوْلَ فَقَرَأَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مِنْ تِلْقَاءِ نَفْسِهِ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ اللَّهُ الْوَاحِدُ الْأَحَدُ الصَّمَدُ
Then He-azwj Revealed to him-saww: “Recite, O Muhammad-saww, Attribution of your-saww Lord‑azwj!” He-saww recited: ‘He, Allah, is One [112:1] Allah is Al-Samad [112:2]’. Then the Blessed and Exalted Withheld the Word from him-saww, so Rasool-Allah-saww recited from his‑saww own accord: ‘‘He, Allah, is One [112:1] Allah is Al-Samad [112:2], Allah-azwj is the Individual, the One, the ‘Samad’’.
ثُمَّ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَنِ اقْرَأْ لَمْ يَلِدْ وَ لَمْ يُولَدْ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُواً أَحَدٌ فَقَرَأَ وَ أَمْسَكَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ الْقَوْلَ فَقَرَأَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مِنْ تِلْقَاءِ نَفْسِهِ كَذَلِكَ اللَّهُ رَبُّنَا
Then Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Revealed to him-saww to recite: He does not beget and is not begotten [112:3] And there does not happen to be anyone a match for Him’ [112:4]!” He-saww recited, and Allah-azwj Withheld the Word from him-saww. Rasool-Allah-saww recited from his-saww own accord: ‘Like that is our Lord-azwj!’
فَلَمَّا قَالَ ذَلِكَ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ أَنِ ارْكَعْ لِرَبِّكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ وَ انْحَرْ
When he-saww had said that, Allah-azwj Revealed to him-saww: “Perform Ruk’u to your-saww Lord‑azwj, O Muhammad-saww, and raise your hands to your-saww neck!”
فَاسْتَوَى وَ نَصَبَ نَفْسَهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اللَّهِ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ أَنِ اسْجُدْ لِرَبِّكَ فَخَرَّ سَاجِداً
He-saww stood upright and installed himself-saww in front of Allah-azwj. Allah-azwj Revealed to him‑saww: ‘Perform Sajdah to your-saww Lord-azwj!” He-saww fell in Sajdah.
فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ أَنِ اسْتَوِ جَالِساً يَا مُحَمَّدُ فَفَعَلَ فَلَمَّا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنْ أَوَّلِ السَّجْدَةِ تَجَلَّى لَهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى فَخَرَّ سَاجِداً مِنْ تِلْقَاءِ نَفْسِهِ لَا لِأَمْرٍ أَمَرَهُ رَبَّهُ فَجَرَى ذَلِكَ الْفَضْلُ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَ سُنَّةٌ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص.
Allah-azwj Revealed to him-saww: ‘Sit upright, O Muhammad-saww!’ He-saww did so. When he-saww raised his-saww head from the first Sajdah, the Blessed and Exalted Flashed to him-saww, so he‑saww fell in Sajdah from his-saww own accord, not to the Command his-saww Lord-azwj had Commanded him. So that flowed as the Grace from Allah-azwj and a Sunnah from His-azwj Rasool-saww’’.[180]
21- أَقُولُ قَالَ السَّيِّدُ بْنُ طَاوُسٍ فِي كِتَابِ سَعْدِ السُّعُودِ وَجَدْتُ فِي صُحُفِ إِدْرِيسَ ع عِنْدَ ذِكْرِ قِصَّةِ آدَمَ ع أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِقَامَةُ آدَمَ ع فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَ أَكْلُهُ مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ خَمْسَ سَاعَاتٍ مِنْ نَهَارِ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ
I (Majlisi) am saying, ‘The Seyyid Bin Tawoos said in the book ‘Sa’ad Al Suoud’ –
‘I found in a parchment of Idrees-as at the mention of the story of Adam-as, that the stay of Adam-as in the Paradise and his-as eating from the tree was of five hours from daytime of that day’.
قَالَ ثُمَّ نَادَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى آدَمَ أَنَّ أَفْضَلَ أَوْقَاتِ الْعِبَادَةِ الْوَقْتُ الَّذِي أَدْخَلْتُكَ وَ زَوْجَتَكَ الْجَنَّةَ عِنْدَ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ فَسَبَّحْتُمَانِي فِيهَا
He said, ‘Then Allah-azwj the Exalted Called out to Adam-as: ‘The best timing of the worship is the time which I-azwj Admitted you-as and your-as wife-as into the Paradise, at the decline of the sin (midday), therefore both of you-as glorify Me-azwj during it!”
فَكَتَبْتُهَا صَلَاةً وَ سَمَّيْتُهَا لِذَلِكَ الْأُولَى وَ كَانَتْ فِي أَفْضَلِ الْأَيَّامِ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ
I-azwj have Prescribed the Salat to you-as and for that I-azwj have Named it as the ‘first’, and it happened during the best of the days, the day of Friday.
ثُمَّ أَهْبَطْتُكُمَا إِلَى الْأَرْضِ وَقْتَ الْعَصْرِ فَسَبَّحْتُمَانِي فِيهَا فَكَتَبْتُهَا لَكُمَا أَيْضاً صَلَاةً وَ سَمَّيْتُهَا لِذَلِكَ بِصَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ
“Then I-azwj shall Send you both-as down to the earth at the time of Al-Asr (late afternoon). Glorify Me-azwj during it! I-azwj have Prescribed a Salat for both of you-as as well, and for that I-azwj have Named it as Al-Asr Salat.
ثُمَّ غَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَصَلَّيْتَ لِي فِيهَا فَسَمَّيْتُهَا صَلَاةَ الْمَغْرِبِ ثُمَّ جَلَسْتَ لِي حِينَ غَابَ الشَّفَقُ فَسَمَّيْتُهَا صَلَاةَ الْعِشَاءِ
Then the sun will set, so pray Salat to Me-azwj during it. I-azwj have Named it as Al-Maghrib Salat. Then sit to Me-azwj when the twilight disappears. I-azwj have Named it as Al-Isha Salat’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ وَ قَدْ فَرَضْتُ عَلَيْكَ وَ عَلَى نَسْلِكَ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَ لَيْلَةٍ خَمْسِينَ رَكْعَةً فِيهَا مِائَةُ سَجْدَةٍ فَصَلِّهَا يَا آدَمُ أَكْتُبْ لَكَ وَ لِمَنْ صَلَّاهَا مِنْ نَسْلِكَ أَلْفَيْنِ وَ خَمْسَ مِائَةِ صَلَاةٍ.
Then He-azwj Said: ‘And I-azwj have Imposed upon you-as and upon your-as lineage, fifty Cycles Salat during every day and night, wherein are one hundred Sajdah(s), so pray it, O Adam-saww, I-azwj shall Write for you-as and for the one from your-as lineage who prays it, two thousand five hundred Salats!”’[181]
Translator’s note – ‘I don’t see how Seyyid Ibn Tawoos (died 723 AH) could have a copy of the Parchment of the Prophet-as Idrees-as who lived very near to the time of Prophet-as Adam-as’.
22- إِرْشَادُ الْقُلُوبِ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِنَبِيِّهِ ص لَيْلَةَ أُسْرِيَ بِهِ كَانَتِ الْأُمَمُ السَّالِفَةُ مَفْرُوضاً عَلَيْهِمْ صَلَاتُهَا فِي كَبِدِ اللَّيْلِ وَ أَنْصَافِ النَّهَارِ وَ هِيَ مِنَ الشَّدَائِدِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ وَ قَدْ رَفَعْتُهَا عَنْ أُمَّتِكَ وَ فَرَضْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ صَلَاتَهُمْ فِي أَطْرَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ فِي أَوْقَاتِ نَشَاطِهِمْ
(The book) ‘Irshad Al Quloub’ –
‘From Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws, from Amir Al-Momineen-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj the Exalted Said to His-azwj Prophet-saww on the night there was an ascension with him-saww: “The previous community, their Salats were Imposed upon them in the middle of the night and middle of the day, and it is from the adversities which had been, and I-azwj have Raise it from your-saww community and have Imposed upon them their Salat in the ends of the night and the day, during the timings of their activity.
وَ كَانَتِ الْأُمَمُ السَّالِفَةُ مَفْرُوضاً عَلَيْهِمْ خَمْسُونَ صَلَاةً فِي خَمْسِينَ وقت [وَقْتاً] وَ هِيَ مِنَ الْآصَارِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ قَدْ رَفَعْتُهَا عَنْ أُمَّتِكَ
And the previous communities, fifty Salats were Imposed upon them in fifty timings, and it is from the times which were upon them, and I-azwj have Raised it from your-saww community!”
ثُمَّ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي بَيَانِ فَضْلِ أُمَّةِ نَبِيِّنَا ص إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي خَمْسَةِ أَوْقَاتٍ اثْنَتَانِ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ ثَلَاثٌ بِالنَّهَارِ
Then Amir Al-Momineen-asws said in explanation of the merits of the community of our Prophet-saww: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Imposed upon them during the night and the day, five Salts in five timings – two at night and three at daytime.
ثُمَّ جَعَلَ هَذِهِ الْخَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ تَعْدِلُ خَمْسِينَ صَلَاةً وَ جَعَلَهَا كَفَّارَةَ خَطَايَاهُمْ فَقَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ إِنَّ الْحَسَناتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئاتِ يَقُولُ صَلَاةُ الْخَمْسِ تُكَفِّرُ الذُّنُوبَ مَا اجْتَنَبَ الْعَبْدُ الْكَبَائِرَ
Then these five Salat were Made to equate for fifty Salat, and He-azwj Made these as atonement of their sins. He-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: ‘Surely the good deeds erase the evil deeds, that is a Reminder for the mindful [11:114]. He-azwj is Saying the five (daily) Salats atone for the sins for as long as the servant stays away from the major sins’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ ع إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ص رَأَى فِي السَّمَاءِ- لَيْلَةَ عُرِجَ بِهِ إِلَيْهَا مَلَائِكَةً قِيَاماً وَ رُكُوعاً مُنْذُ خُلِقُوا فَقَالَ يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ هَذِهِ هِيَ الْعِبَادَةُ
Then he-asws said: ‘The Prophet-saww saw in the sky on the night he-saww was ascended with to it, there were Angels standing, and bowing since they had been Created. He-saww said: ‘O Jibraeel-as! This, it is the worship!’
فَقَالَ جَبْرَئِيلُ يَا مُحَمَّدُ فَاسْأَلْ رَبَّكَ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ أُمَّتَكَ الْقُنُوتَ وَ الرُّكُوعَ وَ السُّجُودَ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ
Jibraeel-la said: ‘O Muhammad-saww! Ask your-saww Lord-azwj to Give your-saww community the Qunout, and the Ruk’u, and the Sajdah(s) in their Salats’.
فَأَعْطَاهُمُ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ- فَأُمَّةُ مُحَمَّدٍ ص يَقْتَدُونَ بِالْمَلَائِكَةِ الَّذِينَ فِي السَّمَاءِ الْخَبَرَ.
Allah-azwj Gave them that, so the community of Muhammad-saww are led by the Angels, those in the sky’ – the Hadeeth’’.[182]
23- نَهْجُ الْبَلَاغَةِ، قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي ذَمِّ التَّكَبُّرِ وَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا حَرَّضَ اللَّهُ عِبَادَهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِالصَّلَاةِ وَ الزَّكَاةِ وَ مُجَاهَدَةِ الصِّيَامِ فِي الْأَيَّامِ الْمَفْرُوضَاتِ تَسْكِيناً لِأَطْرَافِهِمْ وَ تَخَشُّعاً لِأَبْصَارِهِمْ وَ تَذْلِيلًا لِنُفُوسِهِمْ وَ تَخْفِيضاً لِقُلُوبِهِمْ وَ إِذْهَاباً لِلْخُيَلَاءِ عَنْهُمْ
(The book) ‘Nahj Al Balagah’ –
‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘This is the thing against which Allah-azwj has Protected His-azwj creatures who are Momineen by means of Salat, and Zakat, and suffering the hardship of Fasting in the days in which it has been made obligatory, in order to give their limbs peacefulness, to cast fear in their eyes, to make their spirits humble, to give their hearts humility and to remove haughtiness from them.
وَ لِمَا فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ تَعْفِيرِ عَتَاقِ الْوُجُوهِ بِالتُّرَابِ تَوَاضُعاً وَ إِلْصَاقِ كَرَائِمِ الْجَوَارِحِ بِالْأَرْضِ تَصَاغُراً وَ لُحُوقِ الْبُطُونِ بِالْمُتُونِ مِنَ الصِّيَامِ تَذَلُّلًا-.
All this is achieved through the covering of their delicate cheeks with dust in humility, prostrating their main limbs on the ground in humbleness, and retracting of their bellies so as to reach to their backs due to Fasting by way of lowliness (before Allah-azwj)’’.[183]
24- كِتَابُ الْعِلَلِ، لِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: الْعِلَّةُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ الِاسْتِعْبَادُ وَ الْإِقْرَارُ بِرُبُوبِيَّتِهِ وَ خَلْعُ الْأَنْدَادِ مُكَرَّراً ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَ لَيْلَةٍ خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ وَ لِئَلَّا يَنْسَوْا خَالِقَهُمْ وَ رَازِقَهُمْ وَ لَا يَغْفُلُوا عَنْ طَاعَتِهِ وَ يَكُونُوا ذَاكِرِينَ حَامِدِينَ شَاكِرِينَ لِنِعَمِهِ وَ تَفَضُّلِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ
‘Kitab Al Ilal’ of Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Ibrahim who said,
‘The reason regarding the Salat is the servitude, and the acknowledgment with His-azwj Lordship, and vacating the idols. That is repeated upon them five times during every day and night, and lest they forget their Creator and their Sustainer, and they would not be heedless from obeying Him-azwj, and they would be Mentioners, praising, thanking for His-azwj bounties and His-azwj Grace upon them.
وَ عِلَّةٌ أُخْرَى لِيُذِلَّ فِيهَا كُلَّ جَبَّارٍ عَنِيدٍ وَ مُتَكَبِّرٍ وَ يَعْتَرِفَ وَ يَخْشَعَ وَ يَخْضَعَ وَ يَسْجُدَ لَهُ وَ يَعْلَمَ أَنَّ لَهُ خَالِقاً وَ رَازِقاً وَ مُحْيِياً وَ مُمِيتاً وَ حَتَّى تَكُونَ لَهُ فِي قِيَامِهِ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ زَاجِراً عَنْ مَعَاصِي اللَّهِ
And another reason is to humiliate during it every obstinate tyrant and arrogant one, and he would acknowledge, and fear, and humble, and do Sajdah to Him-azwj, and he would know that there is a Creator for him, and a Sustainer, and a Causer of life and a Causer of death, and until during his standing in front of Him-azwj it would be a rebuker for him from disobeying Allah-azwj.
فَفِي الصَّلَاةِ عِلَّةُ الِاسْتِعْبَادِ وَ عِلَّةُ نَجَاةِ نَفْسِهِ وَ عِلَّةُ شُكْرِ نِعَمِهِ وَ عِلَّةُ ذُلِّ كُلِّ جَبَّارٍ عَنِيدٍ وَ مُتَكَبِّرٍ وَ خُشُوعِهِ وَ خُضُوعِهِ
In the Salat there is a reason of the servitude, and reason of salvation of his soul, and reason of thanking for His-azwj bounties, and reason of humbling every obstinate tyrant and arrogant one, and his fearfulness, and his humility.
وَ عِلَّةُ نَوَافِلِ الصَّلَاةِ لِتَمَامِ مَا يَنْقُصُ مِنَ الْفَرَائِضِ مِمَّا يَقَعُ فِيهَا مِنَ السَّهْوِ وَ التَّقْصِيرِ وَ التَّخْفِيفِ وَ حَدِيثِ النَّفْسِ وَ السَّهْوِ عَنِ الْوَقْتِ-.
And reason of the optional Salat is to complete whatever is deficient from the obligatory (Salats), from whatever mighty have occurred in it, from the mistakes, and the deficiencies, and the lightening, and discussing of the souls (thoughts), and the mistaking from the timing’’.[184]
قَالَ: وَ سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ عِلَّةِ مَوَاقِيتِ الصَّلَاةِ وَ لِمَ فُرِضَتْ فِي خَمْسَةِ أَوْقَاتٍ مُخْتَلِفَةٍ وَ لِمَ لَمْ تُفْرَضْ فِي وَقْتٍ وَاحِدٍ
He said, ‘And Abu Abdullah-asws was asked about reason of the timings of the Salat, and why these have been Obligated in five different timings, and why not obligated during one timing.
فَقَالَ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ صَلَاةَ الْغَدَاةِ لِأَوَّلِ سَاعَةٍ مِنَ النَّهَارِ وَ هِيَ سَعْدٌ وَ فَرَضَ الظُّهْرَ لِسِتِّ سَاعَاتٍ مِنَ النَّهَارِ وَ هِيَ سَعْدٌ وَ فَرَضَ الْعَصْرَ لِسَبْعِ سَاعَاتٍ مِنَ النَّهَارِ وَ هِيَ سَعْدٌ وَ فَرَضَ الْمَغْرِبَ لِأَوَّلِ سَاعَةٍ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ وَ هِيَ سَعْدٌ وَ فَرَضَ الْعِشَاءَ الْآخِرَةَ لِثَلَاثِ سَاعَاتٍ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ وَ هِيَ سَعْدٌ
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj has Imposed the morning Salat at the first hour of the day, and it is good fortune, and He-azwj Imposed Al-Zohr Salat, at being six hours from the day, and it is good fortune, and Imposed Al-Asr at seven hours from the day, and it is good fortune, and Imposed Al-Maghrib at the first hour from the night, and it is good fortune, and Imposed Al-Isha the last at three hours from the night, and it his good fortune.
فَهَذِهِ إِحْدَى الْعِلَلِ لِمَوَاقِيتِ الصَّلَاةِ وَ لَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ تُؤَخَّرَ الصَّلَاةُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَوْقَاتِ السَّعْدِ فَتَصِيرَ فِي أَوْقَاتِ النُّحُوسِ.
So, these are eleven reasons for timings of the Salat, and it is not allowed to delay the Salat from these fortunate timings, so you would come to be in the inauspicious timings’’.[185]
باب 3 أنواع الصلاة و المفروض و المسنون منها و معنى الصلاة الوسطى
CHAPTER 3 – TYPES OF SALAT, AND THE OBLIGATORY AND THE SUNNAH FROM THESE, AND MEANING OF THE ‘MIDDLE’ SALAT
الآيات البقرة حافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَواتِ وَ الصَّلاةِ الْوُسْطى وَ قُومُوا لِلَّهِ قانِتِينَ.
The Verse – (Surah) Al Baqarah – Maintain your Salat(s) and (in particular) the middle Salat, and be standing obedient to Allah [2:238].
1- الْخِصَالُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الصَّلَاةَ وَ سَنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الصَّلَاةَ عَلَى عَشَرَةِ أَوْجُهٍ صَلَاةَ الْحَضَرِ وَ صَلَاةَ السَّفَرِ وَ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَوْجُهٍ وَ صَلَاةَ الْكُسُوفِ لِلشَّمْسِ وَ الْقَمَرِ وَ صَلَاةَ الْعِيدَيْنِ وَ صَلَاةَ الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ وَ الصَّلَاةَ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – from his father, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Yaqoub Bin Yazeed, from Hammad, from Hareyz, from Zurara,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Obligated the Salat and Rasool-Allah-saww enacted (legislated) the Sunnah Salat upon ten aspects – Salat of the staying, and Salat of the travelling, and Salat of the fear upon three aspects, and Salat of the eclipses of the sun and the moon, and Salat of the two Eids, and Salat of beseeching for rain, and Salat upon the deceased’’.[186]
2- الْخِصَالُ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعِجْلِيِّ وَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْقَطَّانِ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ السِّنَانِيِّ وَ غَيْرِهِمْ مِنْ مَشَايِخِهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ عَنْ تَمِيمِ بْنِ بُهْلُولٍ عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ قَالَ قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع صَلَاةُ الْفَرِيضَةِ الظُّهْرُ أَرْبَعُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ الْعَصْرُ أَرْبَعُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ الْمَغْرِبُ ثَلَاثُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ الْعِشَاءُ الْآخِرَةُ أَرْبَعُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ الْفَجْرُ رَكْعَتَانِ فَجُمْلَةُ الصَّلَاةِ الْمَفْرُوضَةِ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Ijaly, and Ahmad Bin Al-Hassan Al Qttan, and Muhammad Bin ahmad Al Sinany and others from his elders, from Ahmad Bin Yahya Bin Zakariya, from Bakr Bin Abdullah Bin Habeeb, from Tameem Bin Bahloul, from Abu Muawiya, from Al Amsh who said,
‘Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘The obligatory Salats – Al-Zohr is four Cycles, and Al-Asr is four Cycles, and Al-Maghrib is three Cycles, and Al-Isha the last is four Cycles, and Al-Fajr is two Cycles. Thus, the total of the obligatory Salat is of seventeen Cycles.
وَ السُّنَّةُ أَرْبَعٌ وَ ثَلَاثُونَ رَكْعَةً مِنْهَا أَرْبَعُ رَكَعَاتٍ بَعْدَ الْمَغْرِبِ- لَا تَقْصِيرَ فِيهَا فِي سَفَرٍ وَ لَا حَضَرٍ وَ رَكْعَتَانِ مِنْ جُلُوسٍ بَعْدَ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ تُعَدَّانِ بِرَكْعَةٍ وَ ثَمَانُ رَكَعَاتٍ فِي السَّحَرِ وَ هِيَ صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ وَ الشَّفْعُ رَكْعَتَانِ وَ الْوَتْرُ رَكْعَةٌ وَ رَكْعَتَا الْفَجْرِ بَعْدَ الْوَتْرِ وَ ثَمَانُ رَكَعَاتٍ قَبْلَ الظُّهْرِ وَ ثَمَانُ رَكَعَاتٍ قَبْلَ الْعَصْرِ.
And the Sunnah are thirty-four Cycles – from these are the four Cycles after Al-Maghrib, there being no reduction in these during a journey or staying, and two Cycles from sitting after the last Al-Isha both equating as one Cycles, and eight Cycles in the pre-dawn, and it is the night Salat, and ‘Al-Shaf’a’ two Cycles, and ‘Al-Witr’ one Cycles, and two Cycles of Al-Fajr after Al-Witr, and eight Cycles before Al-Zohr, and eight Cycles before Al-Asr’’.[187]
3- مَعَانِي الْأَخْبَارِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ مَعاً عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَمَّا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ مِنَ الصَّلَوَاتِ
(The book) ‘Ma’any Al Akhbar’ – from Muhammad Bin Al-Husayn Bin Al Waleed, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Al Saffar, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Abdul Rahman Bin Abu Najran and Al-Husayn Bin Saeed, both together from Hareez, from Zurara who said,
‘I asked Abu Ja’far-asws about what Salats Allah-azwj, Majestic is His-azwj Majesty has Obligated.
فَقَالَ خَمْسُ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ
He-asws said: ‘Five Salats during the night and the day’.
قُلْتُ هَلْ سَمَّاهُنَّ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى وَ بَيَّنَهُنَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ
I said, ‘Has Allah-azwj the Exalted Named these in His-azwj Book?’
فَقَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِنَبِيِّهِ- أَقِمِ الصَّلاةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ وَ دُلُوكُهَا زَوَالُهَا فَفِيمَا بَيْنَ دُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ أَرْبَعُ صَلَوَاتٍ سَمَّاهُنَّ وَ بَيَّنَهُنَّ وَ وَقَّتَهُنَّ وَ غَسَقُ اللَّيْلِ انْتِصَافُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كانَ مَشْهُوداً
He-asws said: ‘Yes. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said to His-azwj Prophet-saww: “Establish the Salat (from) the decline of the sun (midday) to the darkness of the night, [17:78], and it’s decline is it’s going down. In what is between decline of the sun to the darkness of the night there are four Salats. He-azwj Named these, and Explained these, and Timed these; and darkness of its night it is halfway. Then He-azwj Said: and recitation at dawn. Surely the recitation at dawn was always witnessed [17:78]’.
فَهَذِهِ الْخَامِسَةُ وَ قَالَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى فِي ذَلِكَ أَقِمِ الصَّلاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهارِ وَ طَرَفَاهُ صَلَاةُ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ الْغَدَاةِ- وَ زُلَفاً مِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَهِيَ صَلَاةُ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ
So, these are five, and the Blessed and Exalted Said regarding that: And establish the Salat in the two ends of the day [11:114], and it’s two ends is Salat Al-Maghrib and the morning – and near from the night. [11:114], so it is the Salat Al-Isha the last.
وَ قَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ حافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَواتِ وَ الصَّلاةِ الْوُسْطى وَ هِيَ صَلَاةُ الظُّهْرِ وَ هِيَ أَوَّلُ صَلَاةٍ صَلَّاهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ هِيَ وَسَطُ صَلَاتَيْنِ بِالنَّهَارِ صَلَاةِ الْغَدَاةِ وَ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ- وَ قُومُوا لِلَّهِ قانِتِينَ فِي صَلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى.
And Mighty and Majestic Said: Maintain your Salat(s) and (in particular) the middle Salat, [2:238] – and it is Al-Zohr Slat, and it is the first Salat Rasool-Allah-saww had prayed, and it is the middle of the two Salats of the daytime – the morning Salat and Salat Al-Asr – and be standing obedient to Allah [2:238] – in the middle Salat’’.[188]
دَعَائِمُ الْإِسْلَامِ، عَنْهُ ع مِثْلَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ وَ الصَّلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى وَ هِيَ صَلَاةُ الْجُمُعَةِ وَ الظُّهْرِ فِي سَائِرِ الْأَيَّامِ.
(The book) ‘Da’aim Al Islam’ –
‘From him-asws – similar to it, except he-asws said: ‘And the middle Salat, and it is the Friday Salat and Al-Asr in rest of the days’’.[189]
الْعِلَلُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَدِيدٍ وَ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ مَعاً عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع عَمَّا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ وَ سَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ مِثْلَ مَا مَرَّ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ وَ هِيَ وَسَطُ صَلَاتَيْنِ بِالنَّهَارِ صَلَاةِ الْغَدَاةِ وَ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ
(The book) ‘Al Ilal’ – from his father, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ali Bin Hadeed and Ibn Abu Najran, both together, from Hammad, from Hareez, from Zurarah who said,
‘Abu Ja’far-asws was asked about what Salats Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Imposed’ – and he-asws continued the Hadeeth similar to what has passed up to his-asws words: ‘And it is the middle of the two Salats at daytime – the morning Salat and Al-Asr Salat’.
وَ قَالَ فِي بَعْضِ الْقِرَاءَةِ- حافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَواتِ وَ الصَّلاةِ الْوُسْطى وَ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ- وَ قُومُوا لِلَّهِ قانِتِينَ فِي صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ
And he-asws said regarding one of the recitations: Maintain your Salat(s) and (in particular) the middle Salat, – and Salat Al-Asr – and be standing obedient to Allah [2:238] – in Salat Al-Asr’.
قَالَ وَ أُنْزِلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فِي سَفَرٍ فَقَنَتَ فِيهَا فَتَرَكَهَا عَلَى حَالِهَا وَ أَضَافَ لِلْمُقِيمِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ
He-asws said: ‘And this Verse was Revealed on the day of Friday while Rasool-Allah-saww was in a journey. He-saww was obedient regarding it and left it upon its state, and he-saww added two Cycles for the stayer (non-traveller).
وَ إِنَّمَا وُضِعَتِ الرَّكْعَتَانِ اللَّتَانِ أَضَافَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص- يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ لِمَكَانِ الْخُطْبَتَيْنِ فَمَنْ صَلَّاهَا وَحْدَهُ فَلْيُصَلِّهَا أَرْبَعاً كَصَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ فِي سَائِرِ الْأَيَّامِ
And rather, those two Cycles which Rasool-Allah-saww had added have been dropped on the day of Friday for the place of the two sermons. The one who prays it alone, let him pray is as four (Cycles) like Al-Zohr Salaat in rest of the days.
قَالَ وَ وَقْتُ الْعَصْرِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فِي وَقْتِ الظُّهْرِ فِي سَائِرِ الْأَيَّامِ.
He-asws said: ‘And the time of Al-Asr on the day of Friday is in time of Al-Zohr in rest of the days’’.[190]
4- تَفْسِيرُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ حافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَواتِ وَ الصَّلاةِ الْوُسْطى- وَ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ- وَ قُومُوا لِلَّهِ قانِتِينَ قَالَ إِقْبَالُ الرَّجُلِ عَلَى صَلَاتِهِ وَ مُحَافَظَتُهُ حَتَّى لَا يُلْهِيَهُ وَ لَا يَشْغَلَهُ عَنْهَا شَيْءٌ.
Tafseer Ali Bin Ibrahim – from his father, from Al Nazr Bin Suweyd, from Abdullah Bin Sinan,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, he-asws recited: ‘Maintain your Salat(s) and (in particular) the middle Salat, – and Salat Al-Asr – and be standing obedient to Allah [2:238] – he-asws said: ‘The man concentrates upon his Salat and preserves it until he is neither distracted from pre-occupied from it by anything’’.[191]
5- مَعَانِي الْأَخْبَارِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْوَرَّاقِ وَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْمَعْرُوفِ بِابْنِ مَقْبُرَةَ الْقَزْوِينِيِّ مَعاً عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي خَلَفٍ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ دَاوُدَ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ عَنِ الْقَعْقَاعِ بْنِ حُكَيْمٍ عَنْ أَبِي يُونُسَ مَوْلَى عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَةِ النَّبِيِّ ص قَالَ: أَمَرَتْنِي عَائِشَةُ أَنْ أَكْتُبَ لَهَا مُصْحَفاً وَ قَالَتْ إِذَا بَلَغْتَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ فَاكْتُبْ- حافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَواتِ وَ الصَّلاةِ الْوُسْطى وَ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ- وَ قُومُوا لِلَّهِ قانِتِينَ
(The book) ‘Ma’any Al Akhbar’ – from Ali Bin Abdullah Al Warraq, and Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Al Hssan, well-known as Ibn Maqburah Al Qazwiny, both together, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah Bin Abu Khalaf, from Sa’ad Bin Dawood, from Malik Bin Abas, from Zayd Bin Aslam, from Al Qa’qa’a Bin Hukeym,
‘From Abu Yunus a slave of Ayesha wife of the Prophet-saww having said: ‘Ayesha ordered me to write a Parchment (Quran) for her, and she said, ‘When you reach this Verse, so write: Maintain your Salat(s) and (in particular) the middle Salat, – and Salat Al-Asr – and be standing obedient to Allah [2:238]’.
ثُمَّ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ سَمِعْتُهَا وَ اللَّهِ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص.
Then Ayesha said, ‘I heard it as such, by Allah-azwj, from Rasool-Allah-saww!’’[192]
6- وَ مِنْهُ بِالْإِسْنَادِ الْمُتَقَدِّمِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ دُكَيْنٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ عَنْ أَبِي يُونُسَ قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ لِعَائِشَةَ مُصْحَفاً فَقَالَتْ إِذَا مَرَرْتَ بِآيَةِ الصَّلَاةِ فَلَا تَكْتُبْهَا حَتَّى أُمْلِئَهَا عَلَيْكَ فَلَمَّا مَرَرْتُ بِهَا أَمْلَتْهَا عَلَيَ حافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَواتِ وَ الصَّلاةِ الْوُسْطى وَ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْر.
And from him, by the previous chain from Sa’ad, from Ahmad Bin Al Sabbah, from Muhammad Bin Aasim, from Al Fazl Bin Dukeyn, from Hisham Bin Sa’ad, from Zayd Bin Aslam, from Abu Yunus who said,
‘I wrote a Quran for Ayesha. She said, ‘When you pass by the Verse of Salat, do not write it upon I dictate to you’. When I passed by it, she dictated to me: Maintain your Salat(s) and (in particular) the middle Salat, – and Salat Al-Asr – [2:238]’’.[193]
7- وَ مِنْهُ، بِالْإِسْنَادِ الْمُتَقَدِّمِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ دَاوُدَ عَنْ أَبِي زَهْرٍ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ نَافِعٍ قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَكْتُبُ مُصْحَفاً لِحَفْصَةَ زَوْجَةِ النَّبِيِّ ص فَقَالَتْ إِذَا بَلَغْتَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ فَاكْتُبْ حافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَواتِ وَ الصَّلاةِ الْوُسْطى وَ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ.
And from him, by the previous chain from Sa’ad Bin Dawood, from Abu Zahr, from Malik Bin Anas, from Zayd Bin Aslam, from Amro Bin Nafie who said,
‘I was writing a Quran for Hafsa, wife of the Prophet-saww. She said, ‘When you write this Verse, so write: Maintain your Salat(s) and (in particular) the middle Salat, – and Salat Al-Asr – [2:238]’’.[194]
8- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْمَغْرَاءِ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ صَلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى صَلَاةُ الظُّهْرِ وَ هِيَ أَوَّلُ صَلَاةٍ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ ص.
And from him, from his father, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Yaqoub Bin Yazeed, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Abu Al Magra’a, from Abu Baseer who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘The middle Salat is Al-Zohr Salat, and it is the first Salat Allah-azwj had Revealed unto His-azwj Prophet-saww’’.[195]
9- مَجَالِسُ ابْنِ الشَّيْخِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْمُفِيدِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَائِذٍ الْأَحْمَسِيِّ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى سَيِّدِي أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقُلْتُ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of Ibn Al Sheykh – from his father, from Al Mufeed, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Al-Hassan Bin Al Waleed, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Al-Hassan Al Saffar, from Yaqoub Bin Yazeed, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from A’aix Al Ahmas who said,
‘I entered to see my Master-asws Abu Abdullah-asws. I said, ‘The greeting be upon you-asws, O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww!’
فَقَالَ وَ عَلَيْكَ السَّلَامُ وَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا لَوُلْدُهُ وَ مَا نَحْنُ بِذَوِي قَرَابَتِهِ
He-asws said: ‘And upon you be the greeting! By Allah-azwj, We-asws are his-saww sons-asws and we‑asws are not his-saww relatives!’
ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي يَا عَائِذُ إِذَا لَقِيتَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِالصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسِ الْمَفْرُوضَاتِ لَمْ يَسْأَلْكَ اللَّهُ عَمَّا سِوَى ذَلِكَ
Then he-asws said to me: ‘O Aaiz! When you meet Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic with the five obligatory Salats, Allah-azwj will not Question you about what is besides that’.
قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَصْحَابُنَا أَيُّ شَيْءٍ كَانَتْ مَسْأَلَتُكَ حَتَّى أَجَابَكَ بِهَذَا
He (the narrator) said, ‘Our companions said to him, ‘Which thing was your question until he‑asws answered you with this?’
قَالَ مَا بَدَأْتُ بِسُؤَالٍ وَ لَكِنِّي رَجُلٌ لَا يُمْكِنُنِي قِيَامُ اللَّيْلِ وَ كُنْتُ خَائِفاً أَنْ أُوخَذَ بِذَلِكَ فَأَهْلِكَ فَابْتَدَأَنِي ع بِجَوَابٍ مَا كُنْتُ أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَسْأَلَهُ عَنْهُ.
He said, ‘I had not begun with a question, but I am a man unable to stand at night, and I was fearing that I would be seized with that and I would be destroyed, so he-asws initiated me with an answer what I had wanted to ask him-asws about’’.[196]
10- مَجْمَعُ الْبَيَانِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع قَالَ: الصَّلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى صَلَاةُ الْجُمُعَةِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَ الظُّهْرُ سَائِرَ الْأَيَّامِ.
(The book) ‘Majma Al Bayan’ –
‘From Ali-asws having said: ‘The middle Salat is the Friday Salat on the day of Friday and Al-Zohr in rest of the days’’.[197]
11- فِقْهُ الرِّضَا ع، قَالَ الْعَالِمُ ع صَلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى الْعَصْرُ.
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws – ‘The Scholar-asws said: ‘The middle Salat is Al-Asr’’.[198]
12- تَفْسِيرُ الْعَيَّاشِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ الصَّلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘The middle Salat?’
فَقَالَ- حافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَواتِ وَ الصَّلاةِ الْوُسْطى وَ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ- وَ قُومُوا لِلَّهِ قانِتِينَ وَ الْوُسْطَى هِيَ الظُّهْرُ وَ كَذَلِكَ كَانَ يَقْرَؤُهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص.
He-asws said: ‘Maintain your Salat(s) and (in particular) the middle Salat, – and Salat Al-Asr – [2:238], and the middle, it is Al-Zohr, and like that Rasool-Allah-saww used to recite it’’.[199]
13- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ أَنَّهُمَا سَأَلَا أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ حافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَواتِ وَ الصَّلاةِ الْوُسْطى قَالَ صَلَاةُ الظُّهْرِ وَ فِيهَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ الْجُمُعَةَ.
And from him, from Zurara and Muhammad Bin Muslim –
‘They both asked Abu Ja’far-asws about Words of Allah-azwj: ‘Maintain your Salat(s) and (in particular) the middle Salat, [2:238]. He-asws said: ‘Salat Al-Zohr, and in it Allah-azwj Obligated the Friday’’.[200]
14- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: الصَّلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى الظُّهْرُ.
And from him, from Ibn Sinan,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The middle Salat is Al-Zohr’’.[201]
15- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: صَلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى هِيَ الْوُسْطَى مِنْ صَلَاةِ النَّهَارِ وَ هِيَ الظُّهْرُ وَ إِنَّمَا يُحَافِظُ أَصْحَابُنَا عَلَى الزَّوَالِ مِنْ أَجْلِهَا.
And from him, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The middle Salat, it is the middle one from Salats of the day, and it is Al-Zohr’ – and rather our companions are preserving upon the midday for its reason’’.[202]
16- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: أَقِمِ الصَّلاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهارِ وَ طَرَفَاهُ الْمَغْرِبُ وَ الْغَدَاةُ- وَ زُلَفاً مِنَ اللَّيْلِ هِيَ صَلَاةُ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ.
And from it, from Hareez –
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘And establish the Salat in the two ends of the day [11:114], and it’s two ends is Salat Al-Maghrib and the morning – and near from the night. [11:114], so it is the Salat Al-Isha the last’’.[203]
17- رَوَيْتُ مِنْ كِتَابِ عَمْرِو بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ فِي مَا رَوَاهُ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالا- سَمِعْنَا أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع وَ سَأَلَاهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ حافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَواتِ وَ الصَّلاةِ الْوُسْطى فَقَالَ هِيَ الصَّلَاةُ الظُّهْرُ وَ فِيهَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ الْجُمُعَةَ وَ فِيهَا السَّاعَةُ الَّتِي لَا يَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ فِيهَا عَبْدٌ مُسْلِمٌ خَيْراً إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ.
It is reported from the book of Amro Bin Uzina among what he reported from Zurarah and Muhammad Bin Muslim, both said,
‘We heard Abu Ja’far-asws and asked him-asws about Words of Allah-azwj: Maintain your Salat(s) and (in particular) the middle Salat, [2:238]. He-asws said: ‘It is Al-Zohr Salat, and in it Allah-azwj has Obligated the Friday, and in it is the timing which no Muslim servant will ask Allah-azwj for good during it, except He-azwj will Give it to him’’.[204]
Explanation (Ahadeeth only) –
وَ رَوَيْتُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: كَتَبَتْ امْرَأَةُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ مُصْحَفاً فَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ لِلْكَاتِبِ لَمَّا بَلَغَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ اكْتُبْ حافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَواتِ وَ الصَّلاةِ الْوُسْطى- وَ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ وَ قُومُوا لِلَّهِ قانِتِينَ.
And it is reported from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘A woman wrote to Al-Hassan-asws Bin Ali-asws for a Quran. Al‑Hassan-asws said to the scribe: ‘When you reach this Verse, write: Maintain your Salat(s) and (in particular) the middle Salat, – and Salat Al-Asr – and be standing obedient to Allah [2:238]’’.[205]
وَ رَوَيْتُ مِنْ كِتَابِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْخَزَّازِ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: حافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَواتِ وَ الصَّلاةِ الْوُسْطى وَ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ- وَ قُومُوا لِلَّهِ قانِتِينَ.
And it is reported from the book of Ibrahim Al Khazzaz, from Abu Baseer,
‘From Abu Abdullah having said: ‘Maintain your Salat(s) and (in particular) the middle Salat, – and Salat Al-Asr – and be standing obedient to Allah [2:238]’’.[206]
وَ رَوَاهُ أَيْضاً الْحَاكِمُ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ فِي الْجُزْءِ الثَّانِي مِنْ تَارِيخِ نَيْسَابُورَ مِنْ طَرِيقِهِمْ فِي تَرْجَمَةِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يُوسُفَ السُّلَمِيِّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ إِلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: أَمَرَتْ حَفْصَةُ بِنْتُ عُمَرَ أَنْ يُكْتَبَ لَهَا مُصْحَفٌ فَقَالَ لِلْكَاتِبِ إِذَا أَتَيْتَ عَلَى آيَةِ الصَّلَاةِ فَأَرِنِي حَتَّى آمُرَكَ أَنْ تَكْتُبَهَا كَمَا سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَلَمَّا آذَنَهَا أَمَرَتْهُ أَنْ يَكْتُبَهَا حافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَواتِ وَ الصَّلاةِ الْوُسْطى وَ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ.
And it is reported as well by Al Hakim Al Neshapuri in the second volume from ‘Tareekh Neshapur’, from their ways in a translation by Ahmad Bin Yusuf Al Sulamy, by his chain to Ibn Umar who said,
‘Hafsa Bint Umar instructed that a Quran be written for her, so she said to the scribe, ‘When you come to the Verse of the Salat, then show me until I instruct you to write it like what I had heard it from Rasool-Allah-saww’. When she permitted it, she instructed him to write it as: Maintain your Salat(s) and (in particular) the middle Salat, – and Salat Al-Asr – [2:238]’’.[207]
Notes: –
أَقُولُ وَ وَجَدْتُ فِي كِتَابٍ مِنَ الْأُصُولِ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: صَلَاةُ الْوُسْطَى صَلَاةُ الظُّهْرِ وَ هِيَ أَوَّلُ صَلَاةٍ أَنْزَلَهَا اللَّهُ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ ص.
I (Majlisi) am saying, ‘And I found in a book from the original, from Abu Baseer, from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The middle Salat is Al-Zohr Salat, and it is the first Salat Allah-azwj had Revealed it upon His-azwj Prophet-saww’’.
وَ رَأَيْتُ فِي كِتَابِ تَفْسِيرِ الْقُرْآنِ عَنِ الصَّادِقَيْنِ ع مِنْ نُسْخَةٍ عَتِيقَةٍ مَلِيحَةٍ عِنْدَنَا الْآنَ أَرْبَعَةَ أَحَادِيثَ بِعِدَّةِ طُرُقٍ عَنِ الْبَاقِرِ وَ الصَّادِقِ ع أَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ الْوُسْطَى صَلَاةُ الظُّهْرِ وَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص كَانَ قَرَأَ حافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَواتِ وَ الصَّلاةِ الْوُسْطى وَ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ.
And I saw in the book, ‘Tafseer Al Quran An Al-Sadiqeyn-asws’, from an ancient beautiful copy in our possession now, four Ahadeeth by a number of ways from Al-Baqir-asws and Al-Sadiq‑asws: ‘The middle Salat is Al-Zohr, and Rasool-Allah-saww had recited: Maintain your Salat(s) and (in particular) the middle Salat, – and Salat Al-Asr – [2:238]’’.
وَ رُوِيَ أَيْضاً فِي كِتَابِ مَدِينَةِ الْعِلْمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ الْوُسْطَى صَلَاةُ الظُّهْرِ وَ هِيَ أَوَّلُ صَلَاةٍ فَرَضَهَا اللَّهُ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ ص.
And it is reported as well in the book ‘Madinat Al Ilm’, from Abu Abdullah-asws: ‘The middle Salat is Al-Zohr, and it is the first Salat Allah-azwj had Imposed upon His-azwj Prophet-saww’’.
18- الْمَحَاسِنُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ رَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أُوصِيكَ يَا عَلِيُّ فِي نَفْسِكَ بِخِصَالٍ فَاحْفَظْهَا
(The book) ‘Al-Mahasin’ – from Muhammad Bin Ismail, raising it to,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘I-saww bequeath to you-asws, O Ali-asws, regarding yourself-asws with (certain) characteristics, therefore prefer these’.
إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ وَ السَّادِسَةُ الْأَخْذُ بِسُنَّتِي فِي صَلَاتِي وَ صَوْمِي وَ صَدَقَتِي فَأَمَّا الصَّلَاةُ فَالْخَمْسُونَ رَكْعَةً فِي اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ
He-saww said: ‘Up to he-saww said: ‘And the sixth is the taking with my-saww Sunnah regarding my‑saww Salat, and regarding my-saww fast, and ratifies me-saww. As for the Salat, it is fifty Cycles during the night and the day’.
إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ وَ عَلَيْكَ بِصَلَاةِ اللَّيْلِ يُكَرِّرُهَا أَرْبَعاً وَ عَلَيْكَ بِصَلَاةِ الزَّوَالِ وَ عَلَيْكَ بِرَفْعِ يَدَيْكَ إِلَى رَبِّكَ وَ كَثْرَةِ تَقَلُّبِهَا الْحَدِيثَ.
Up to he-saww said: ‘And upon you is with the night Salat’ – repeating it four times – ‘And upon you with the midday, and upon you is with raising your hands to your Lord-azwj, and frequently turning it’ the Hadeeth’’.[208]
19- كِتَابُ صِفَاتِ الشِّيعَةِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُوسَى بْنِ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ عَنْ عَمِّهِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع شِيعَتُنَا أَهْلُ الْوَرَعِ وَ الِاجْتِهَادِ وَ أَهْلُ الْوَفَاءِ وَ الْأَمَانَةِ وَ أَهْلُ الزُّهْدِ وَ الْعِبَادَةِ وَ أَصْحَابُ الْإِحْدَى وَ خَمْسِينَ رَكْعَةً فِي الْيَوْمِ وَ اللَّيْلَةِ الْقَائِمُونَ بِاللَّيْلِ الصَّائِمُونَ بِالنَّهَارِ يُزَكُّونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَ يَحُجُّونَ الْبَيْتَ وَ يَجْتَنِبُونَ كُلَّ مُحَرَّمٍ.
The book ‘Sifaat Al Shia’ – from Muhammad Bin Musa Bin Mutawakkil, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Usa Bin Imran, from his uncle Al-Husayn Bin Yazeed Al Nowfaly, from Ali Bin Salim, from his father, from Abu Baseer who said,
‘Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘Our-asws Shias are people of devoutness and the struggle, and people of loyalty, and the entrustment, and people of ascetism, and the worship, and the companions of fifty-one Cycles during the day and night, the establishers at night and the fasters at night. They are paying Zakat of their wealth, and performing Hajj of the House (Kaabah), and they are shunning every Prohibition’’.[209]
20- مَجْمَعُ الْبَيَانِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَ الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَلى صَلاتِهِمْ يُحافِظُونَ قَالَ أُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْخَمْسِينَ صَلَاةً مِنْ شِيعَتِنَا.
(The book) ‘Majma Al-Bayan’ – from Muhammad Bin Al-Fuzeyl,
‘From Abu Al-Hassan-asws regarding Words of Allah-azwj the Exalted: And those who are preserving upon their Salats [70:34]. He-asws said: ‘They are companions of the fifty Salats, from our-asws Shias’’.[210]
بيان: أطلقت الصلاة على الركعة مجازا.
Explanation – The Salat is relating upon the Cycles as a metaphor.
21- الْمِصْبَاحُ لِلشَّيْخِ، عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ ع قَالَ: عَلَامَاتُ الْمُؤْمِنِ خَمْسٌ وَ عَدَّ مِنْهَا صَلَاةَ الْإِحْدَى وَ خَمْسِينَ.
(The book) ‘Al Misbah’ of the Sheykh,
‘From Abu Muhammad Al-Hassan Bin Ali Al-Askari-asws having said: ‘Signs of the Momin are five’ – and he-asws counted from these fifty-one Salats’’.[211]
22- إِخْتِيَارُ الرِّجَالِ لِلْكَشِّيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قُولَوَيْهِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى وَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الزَّيَّاتِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الرِّضَا ع عَنْ أَفْضَلِ مَا يَتَقَرَّبُ بِهِ الْعَبْدُ إِلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ
(The book) ‘Ikhtiyar Al Rijal’ of Al Kashir – from Muhammad Bin Qawlawiya, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, and Ali Bin Ismail Bin Isa, from Muhammad Bin Amro Bin Saeed Al Zayyat, from Yahya Bin Abu Habeeb who said,
‘I said to Al-Reza-asws about the best of what the servant can draw closer to Allah-azwj with, from his Salat?’
فَقَالَ سِتٌّ وَ أَرْبَعُونَ رَكْعَةً فَرَائِضُهُ وَ نَوَافِلُهُ
He-asws said: ‘Forty-six Cycles, its obligatory and its optional’.
فَقُلْتُ هَذِهِ رِوَايَةُ زُرَارَةَ
I said, ‘This is a report by Zurarah!’
فَقَالَ أَ تَرَى أَحَداً كَانَ أَصْدَعَ بِحَقٍّ مِنْ زُرَارَةَ.
He-asws said: ‘Do you see anyone who was more proclaimer with truth than Zurarah?’’[212]
رواية زرارة هي التي تضمنت أن صلاة الزوال ثمان ركعات، قبل الظهر، ثم ركعتان بعدها، ثمّ ركعتان قبل العصر، و ركعتان بعد المغرب و ثلاث عشرة ركعة من آخر الليل تصير سبعة و عشرين ركعة، و أن هذا جميع ما جرت به السنة. رواه الشيخ في التهذيب ج 1 ص 135 بسندين.
Note – Zurarah reported, ‘It is which includes the midday Salat of eight Cycles before Al-Zohr Salat, then two Cycles after it, then two Cycles before Al-Asr, and two Cycles after Al-Maghrib, and thirteen Cycles from end of the night, to become twenty-seven Cycles, and this is all what the Sunnah has flowed with. It is reported by the Sheykh in ‘Al Tahzeeb’ V 1, Page 135, with two chains’.
23- الْإِخْتِيَارُ، عَنْ حَمْدَوَيْهِ بْنِ نُصَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ وَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قُولَوَيْهِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْبُنْدَارِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ وَ ابْنَيْهِ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ وَ عَلَيْكَ بِالصَّلَاةِ السِّتَّةِ وَ الْأَرْبَعِينَ وَ عَلَيْكَ بِالْحَجِّ أَنْ تُهِلَّ بِالْإِفْرَادِ وَ تَنْوِيَ الْفَسْخَ إِذَا قَدِمْتَ مَكَّةَ
(The book) ‘Al Ikhtiyar’ – from Hamdawiya Bin Nuseyr, from Muhammad Bin Isa Bin Ubeyd, from Yunus Bin Abdul Rahman, from Muhammad Bin Abdullah Bin Zurara, and from Muhammad Bin Qawlawiya, and Al-Husayn Bin Al-Hassan Bin Al Bundar, from Sa;ad Bin Abdullah, from haroun Bin Al-Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Muhammad Bin Abdullah Bin Zurara, and his sons Al-Hassan and Al-Husayn, from Abdullah Bin Zurarh,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said in a lengthy Hadeeth: ‘And upon you is with the forty-six Salats (cycles), and upon you is with perform the Hajj with sincerity and intend the annulment (of previous matters) when you arrive to Makkah’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ وَ الَّذِي أَتَاكَ بِهِ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ مِنْ صَلَاةِ إِحْدَى وَ خَمْسِينَ وَ الْإِهْلَالِ بِالتَّمَتُّعِ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ وَ مَا أَمَرْنَاهُ بِهِ مِنْ أَنْ يُهِلَّ بِالتَّمَتُّعِ فَلِذَلِكَ عِنْدَنَا مَعَانٍ وَ تَصَارِيفُ لِذَلِكَ مَا يَسَعُنَا وَ يَسَعُكُمْ وَ لَا يُخَالِفُ شَيْءٌ مِنْهُ الْحَقَّ وَ لَا يُضَادُّهُ.
Then he-asws said: ‘And that which Abu Baseer had come to you with, the fifty-one Salats, and beginning with the Umrah Tamatto to the Hajj, and what we-asws have instructed with it from beginning with the Tamatto. For that (reason) with us is provisions and expense monies for that whatever is sufficient for us and sufficient for you, and nothing from it opposes the truth nor contradicts it’’.[213]
المراد بالركعتين الزائدتين على أربع و أربعين ركعتا العشاء و تسمى بالوتيرة
Note – ‘Forty-six’ – The intended with the two extra Cycles over the forty-four are two Cycles of Al-Isha, and it is named at Al-Tarwiya.
24- مَجَالِسُ الشَّيْخِ، عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْغَضَائِرِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَلَوِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْمُكَتِّبِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكُوفِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِنَّمَا فَرَضَ عَلَى النَّاسِ فِي الْيَوْمِ وَ اللَّيْلَةِ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً مَنْ أَتَى بِهَا لَمْ يَسْأَلْهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَمَّا سِوَاهَا وَ إِنَّمَا أَضَافَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِلَيْهَا مِثْلَيْهَا لِيَتِمَّ بِالنَّوَافِلِ مَا يَقَعُ فِيهَا مِنَ النُّقْصَانِ
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of the Sheykh – from Al-Husayn Bin Ubeydullah Al Gazairy, from Ali Bin Muhammad Al Alawy, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Al Mukattib, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Kufi, from Ali Bin Al-Hassan Bin Fazzal, from his father,
‘From Abu Al-Hassan Al-Reza-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic rather Imposed upon the people during the day and the night, seventeen Cycles. One who comes with these, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic will not Question him about what is besides it (from the Salats), and rather Rasool-Allah-saww had added to these it’s double in order to have completion with the optional (Salats), whatever deficiencies may have occurred in it.
وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَا يُعَذِّبُ عَلَى كَثْرَةِ الصَّلَاةِ وَ الصَّوْمِ وَ لَكِنَّهُ يُعَذِّبُ عَلَى خِلَافِ السُّنَّةِ.
And Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic does not Punish upon frequency of the Salat and the fasts, but He-azwj Punishes upon opposing the Sunnah’’.[214]
لعله أراد عليه السلام بكثرة الصلاة ما يصليها الناس من صلاة احدى و خمسين توهما منهم أن مثلى الفريضة هو ثلاثة و أربعون كما عرفت و ليس كذلك
Note – Perhaps he-asws intended with ‘frequency of the Salat’ what the people are praying from fifty-one Salats, is a delusion from them that doubt the Obligatory (Salats), it is thirty-four, like what is known, and it isn’t like that.
25- مَجَالِسُ الشَّيْخِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُبْدُونٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْأَصَمِّ عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ عَنْ مَعْمَرِ بْنِ يَحْيَى أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ لَا يَسْأَلُ اللَّهُ عَبْداً عَنْ صَلَاةٍ بَعْدَ الْفَرِيضَةِ وَ لَا عَنْ صَدَقَةٍ بَعْدَ الزَّكَاةِ وَ لَا عَنْ صَوْمٍ بَعْدَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ.
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of the Sheykh – from Ahmad Bin Ubdoun, from Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Al Zubeyr, from Ibn Fazzal, from Muhammad Bin Khalid Al Asamma, from Sa’alba Bin Maymoun,
‘From Ma’mar Bin Yahya, he heard Abu Ja’far-asws saying: ‘Allah-azwj will not Question a servant about any Salat after the obligatory, nor about charity after the Zakat, nor about a fast after (fasts of) the month of Ramazan’’.[215]
تحقيق رِوَايَةِ حَنَانٍ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ص يُصَلِّي ثَمَانَ رَكَعَاتِ الزَّوَالِ وَ أَرْبَعاً الْأُولَى وَ ثَمَانِيَ بَعْدَهَا الْخَبَرَ.
Research (Ahadeeth only) – It is reported by Hanan, from Al-Sadiq-asws having said: ‘The Prophet-saww used to pry eighteen Cycles at midday, and four first and eight after it’ – the Hadeeth’.
رواية سليمان بن خالد عن أبي عبد الله ع قال صلاة النافلة ثمان ركعات حين تزول الشمس قبل الظهر و ست ركعات بعد الظهر و ركعتان قبل العصر.
A report by Suleyman Bin Khalid, from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The optional Salat are eighteen Cycles when the sun declines, before Al-Zohr, and six Cycles after Al-Zohr, and two Cycles before Al-Asr’.
26- دَعَائِمُ الْإِسْلَامِ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَرَضَ اللَّهُ الصَّلَاةَ فَفَرَضَهَا خَمْسِينَ صَلَاةً فِي الْيَوْمِ وَ اللَّيْلَةِ ثُمَّ رَحِمَ اللَّهُ خَلْقَهُ وَ لَطَفَ بِهِمْ فَرَدَّهَا إِلَى خَمْسِ صَلَوَاتٍ
(The book) ‘Da’aim Al Islam’ –
‘From Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj Imposed the Salat. He-saww Imposed it as fifty Salat during the day and the night. Then Allah-azwj Mercied His-azwj creatures being Kind with them, so He-azwj Returned it to five Salats.
وَ كَانَ سَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ لَمَّا أَسْرَى بِنَبِيِّهِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص مَرَّ عَلَى النَّبِيِّينَ فَلَمْ يَسْأَلْهُ أَحَدٌ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى مُوسَى ع فَسَأَلَهُ فَأَخْبَرَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ ارْجِعْ إِلَى رَبِّكَ فَاطْلُبْ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يُخَفِّفَ عَنْ أُمَّتِكَ فَإِنِّي لَمْ أَزَلْ أَعْرِفُ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ الطَّاعَةَ حَتَّى نَزَلَتِ الْفَرَائِضُ فَأَنْكَرْتُهُمْ
And the cause of that is that when Allah-azwj, Majestic and Mighty, Ascended His-azwj Prophet‑saww Muhammad-saww, he-saww passed by the Prophets-as. No one asked him-as until he‑saww ended to Musa-as. He-as asked him-saww, so he-saww informed him-as. He-as said to him-saww: ‘Return to your-saww Lord and request to Him-azwj to Lighten from your-saww community, for I-as have not ceased to know the obedience from children of Israel until the obligations were Revealed. Then they disliked’.
فَرَجَعَ النَّبِيُّ ص فَسَأَلَ رَبَّهُ فَحَطَّ عَنْهُ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَى مُوسَى أَخْبَرَهُ فَقَالَ ارْجِعْ
The Prophet-saww returned. He-saww asked his-saww Lord-azwj, so He-azwj Dropped five Salats from it. When he-saww ended to Musa-as, he-saww informed him-as. He-as said: ‘Return!’
فَرَجَعَ فَحَطَّ عَنْهُ خَمْساً فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَرُدُّهُ مُوسَى وَ يَحُطُّ عَنْهُ خَمْساً بَعْدَ خَمْسٍ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى خَمْسٍ فَاسْتَحْيَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَنْ يُعَاوِدَ رَبَّهُ
He-saww returned. He-azwj Dropped five from it. Musa-as did not cease to return him-saww and He‑azwj Kept dropping five from it until it ended to five. Then Rasool-Allah-saww was too embarrassed from returning to his-saww Lord-azwj’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع جَزَى اللَّهُ مُوسَى عَنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ خَيْراً.
Then Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘May Allah-azwj Recompense Musa-as on behalf of this community’ – Hadeeth’’.[216]
وَ عَنْهُ ع أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ الْفَرِيضَةَ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً فِي الْيَوْمِ وَ اللَّيْلَةِ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَ السُّنَّةُ ضِعْفَا ذَلِكَ جُعِلَتْ وَفَاءً لِلْفَرِيضَةِ مَا نَقَصَ الْعَبْدُ أَوْ غَفَلَ أَوْ سَهَا عَنْهُ مِنَ الْفَرِيضَةِ أَتَمَّهَا بِالسُّنَّةِ.
And from him-asws, he-asws mentioned the obligatory seventeen Cycles during the day and the night, then said: ‘And the Sunnah is double that. It has been made as a fulfiller of the obligatory (Salats) whatever deficiencies the servant may have, or heedlessness, or mistakes from him from the obligatory, it will be completed with the Sunnah’’.[217]
وَ عَنْهُ ع إِنَّ سَائِلًا سَأَلَهُ عَنْ صَلَاةِ السُّنَّةِ فَقَالَ لِلسَّائِلِ لَعَلَّكَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّهَا فَرِيضَةٌ
And from him-asws, a questioner asked him-asws about the Sunnah Salats. He-asws said to the questioner: ‘Perhaps you are claiming that these are an Imposition (obligatory)’.
قَالَ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ مَا أَقُولُ فِيهَا إِلَّا بِقَوْلِكَ
He said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! I am not saying regarding it except with your word’.
فَقَالَ هَذِهِ صَلَاةٌ كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع يَأْخُذُ نَفْسَهُ بِقَضَاءِ مَا فَاتَ مِنْهَا فِي لَيْلٍ أَوْ نَهَارٍ وَ هِيَ مِثْلَا الْفَرِيضَةِ.
He-asws said: ‘These (optional) Salat, Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws used to take himself-asws with fulfilling whatever he-asws had missed out during a night or day, and these are like the Obligatory’’.[218]
وَ عَنْهُ ع أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ عَنْ عَمَّارٍ السَّابَاطِيِّ أَنَّهُ رَوَى عَنْهُ أَنَّ السُّنَّةَ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ مَفْرُوضَةٌ فَأَنْكَرَ ذَلِكَ وَ قَالَ أَيْنَ ذَهَبَ لَيْسَ هَكَذَا حَدَّثْتُهُ إِنَّمَا قُلْتُ إِنَّهُ مَنْ صَلَّى فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى صَلَاتِهِ وَ لَمْ يُحَدِّثْ نَفْسَهُ فَمَا أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهَا أَقْبَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ
And from him-asws, it reached him-asws about Ammar Al Sabaty that he is reporting from him‑asws that the Sunnah is from the Imposed Salats, and he-asws said: ‘Where is he going? It isn’t like that. I-asws had narrated to him. But rather I-asws said, the one who prays Salat and he concentrates upon his Salat and does not discuss with himself, then whatever he had concentrated upon, Allah-azwj will Accept from him.
فَرُبَّمَا رُفِعَ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ رُبُعُهَا وَ نِصْفُهَا وَ خُمُسُهَا وَ ثُلُثُهَا وَ إِنَّمَا أُمِرَ بِالسُّنَّةِ لِيَكْمُلَ بِهَا مَا ذَهَبَ مِنَ الْمَكْتُوبَةِ.
Sometimes it is raised from the Salat, it’s quarter, and it’s half, and it’s fifth, and it’s third. But rather, the Sunnah has been instructed with in order to perfect with it whatever had gone from the Prescribed (Salats)’’.[219]
وَ عَنْهُ ع قَالَ: مَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَقْصُرَ عَنْ تَمَامِ إِحْدَى وَ خَمْسِينَ رَكْعَةً فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَ لَيْلَةٍ قِيلَ
And from him-asws having said: ‘I-asws don’t like shorten from the complete fifty-one Cycles during every day and night’.
وَ كَيْفَ ذَلِكَ
It was said, ‘And how is that (performed)?’
قَالَ ثَمَانُ رَكَعَاتٍ قَبْلَ صَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ وَ هِيَ صَلَاةُ الزَّوَالِ وَ صَلَاةُ الْأَوَّابِينَ حِينَ تَزُولُ الشَّمْسُ قَبْلَ الْفَرِيضَةِ وَ أَرْبَعٌ بَعْدَ الْفَرِيضَةِ وَ أَرْبَعٌ قَبْلَ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ
He-asws said: ‘Eight Salats before Al-Zohr Salat, and it is the midday Salat, and Salat of the penitent ones, when the sun declines before the obligatory; and four after the obligatory; and four before Al-Asr Salat.
ثُمَّ صَلَاةُ الْفَرِيضَةِ وَ لَا صَلَاةَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَغْرُبَ الشَّمْسُ وَ يَبْدَأُ فِي صَلَاةِ الْمَغْرِبِ بِالْفَرِيضَةِ ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي بَعْدَهَا صَلَاةَ السُّنَّةِ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ بَعْدَ الْعِشَاءِ رَكْعَتَانِ مِنْ جُلُوسٍ تُعَدَّانِ بِرَكْعَةٍ لِأَنَّ صَلَاةَ الْجَالِسِ لِغَيْرِ عِلَّةٍ عَلَى النِّصْفِ مِنْ صَلَاةِ الْقَائِمِ
Then the obligatory Salat, and there is no Salat after that until after the sun sets, and he should begin in Al-Maghrib Salat with the obligatory, then after it he should pray the Sunnah Salat of four Cycles, and after Al-Isha. Two Cycles from sitting equates to one Cycle because Salat of the sitting one without reason is upon the half from Salat of the standing one.
ثُمَّ صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ ثَمَانُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ الْوَتْرُ ثَلَاثُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ رَكْعَتَا الْفَجْرِ قَبْلَ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ فَلِذَلِكَ أَرْبَعٌ وَ ثَلَاثُونَ رَكْعَةً مِثْلَا الْفَرِيضَةِ وَ الْفَرِيضَةُ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً فَصَارَ الْجَمِيعُ إِحْدَى وَ خَمْسِينَ رَكْعَةً فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَ لَيْلَةٍ.
Then the night Salat is of eight Cycles, and ‘Al Witr’ is of three Cycles, and two Cycles of Al-Fajr before Al-Fajr Salat. For that is thirty-four Cycles, twice of the obligatory, and the obligatory are of seventeen Cycles, so the total comes to be fifty-one Cycles during every day and night’’.[220]
روينا عن رسول اللّه صلّى اللّه عليه و آله أنّه قال: صلاة الجالس[ القاعد] على النصف من صلاة القائم
Note – We are reporting from Rasool-Allah-saww, may the Salawaat of Allah-azwj upon him and his-saww Progeny-asws having said: ‘Salat of the sitting one is upon the half from the Salat of the standing one’.
27- مَجَالِسُ الشَّيْخِ، فِي وَصِيَّةِ النَّبِيِّ ص إِلَى أَبِي ذَرٍّ بِسَنَدِهِ الْمُتَقَدِّمِ فِي بَابِ فَضْلِ الصَّلَاةِ يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ تَطَوَّعَ فِي يَوْمٍ بِاثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً سِوَى الْمَكْتُوبَةِ كَانَ لَهُ حَقّاً وَاجِباً بَيْتٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ.
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of the Sheykh –
‘In a bequest of the Prophet-saww to Abu Zarr-ra, by his previous chain in the chapter on merits of the Salat: ‘O Abu Zarr-ra! Whichever man volunteers twelve Cycles during a day besides the Prescribed, there would be a right for him of a house in the Paradise’’.[221]
28- كِتَابُ الْعِلَلِ، لِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: الَّذِي انْتَهَى إِلَيْنَا مِنْ عِلْمِ عُلَمَائِنَا الَّذِينَ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ طَاعَتَهُمْ وَ أَوْجَبَ وَلَايَتَهُمْ وَ مِنْ وُجُوهِ الصَّلَاةِ سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ وَجْهاً
The book ‘Al Ilal’ of Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Ibrahim who said,
‘That which has ended to us from knowledge of our Scholars-asws, those Allah-azwj has Imposed obedience to them-asws and Obligated their-asws Wilayah, and from its aspects is the Salat of seventeen aspects.
فَأَوَّلُ وَجْهِ الصَّلَاةِ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ فَإِذا قَضَيْتُمُ الصَّلاةَ يَعْنِي إِذَا وَجَبَتِ الصَّلَاةُ- فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ قِياماً وَ قُعُوداً وَ عَلى جُنُوبِكُمْ فَقَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع الصَّحِيحُ يُصَلِّي قَائِماً بِرُكُوعٍ وَ سُجُودٍ تَامٍّ فَهَذَا أَوَّلُ وَجْهِ الصَّلَاةِ
The first aspect of the Salat are Words of Mighty and Majestic: So when you have fulfilled the Salat, [4:103] – meaning when the Salat is obligated, then mention Allah standing and sitting, and upon your sides. [4:103]. Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘The healthy one should pray standing with Ruk’u and Sajdah(s) complete’. So, this is the first aspect of the Salat.
وَ الْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي قَوْلُهُ وَ قُعُوداً قَالَ وَ هُوَ الْمَرِيضُ يُصَلِّي جَالِساً
The second aspect is His-azwj Word: and sitting, [4:103]. He-asws said: ‘And he is the sick praying seated’.
وَ الْوَجْهُ الثَّالِثُ وَ عَلى جُنُوبِكُمْ وَ هُوَ الَّذِي لَا يَقْدِرُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ جَالِساً يُصَلِّي مُضْطَجِعاً بِالْإِيمَاءِ فَهَذِهِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَوْجُهٍ
And the third aspect, and upon your sides. [4:103], and he is the one not able upon praying seated, he should pray lying down with the gestures. So, this is third of its aspects.
وَ صَلَاةُ الْخَوْفِ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَوْجُهٍ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ إِذا كُنْتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ الصَّلاةَ فَلْتَقُمْ طائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ مَعَكَ وَ لْيَأْخُذُوا أَسْلِحَتَهُمْ
And the Salat of fear is based upon three aspects. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: ‘And when you (O Rasool) are among them, so establish the Salat for them, and let a group of them stand with you, and let them take their weapons. [4:102].
فَقَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع يَقُومُ الْإِمَامُ بِطَائِفَةٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ وَ طَائِفَةٌ بِإِزَاءِ الْعَدُوِّ فَيُصَلِّي بِالطَّائِفَةِ الَّتِي مَعَهُ رَكْعَةً وَ يَقُومُ فِي الثَّانِيَةِ فَيَقُومُونَ مَعَهُ وَ يُصَلُّونَ لِأَنْفُسِهِمُ الرَّكْعَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ وَ الْإِمَامُ قَائِمٌ وَ يَجْلِسُونَ وَ يَتَشَهَّدُونَ وَ يُسَلِّمُ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ
Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘The prayer leader should stand with a party from his people, and a party would be facing the enemy. He would pray with the party which is with him and he would stand in the second and they would be standing with him, and they would pray the second Cycle, and the prayer leader is standing and they are sitting and testifying and greeting each other.
ثُمَّ يَنْصَرِفُونَ فَيَقُومُونَ مَقَامَ أَصْحَابِهِمْ وَ تَجِيءُ الطَّائِفَةُ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُصَلُّوا فَيَقُومُونَ خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ فَيُصَلِّي بِهِمُ الْإِمَامُ الرَّكْعَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ لَهُ وَ هِيَ لَهُمُ الْأُولَى وَ يَقْعُدُ وَ يَقُومُونَهُمْ فَيُصَلُّونَ لِأَنْفُسِهِمُ الرَّكْعَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ وَ يُسَلِّمُ الْإِمَامُ عَلَيْهِمْ
Then they would be dispersing, so they would be standing in the place of their companions, and the party would come, those who had not prayed, so they would be standing behind the prayer leader. The prayer leader would be praying the second Cycle with them for him, and it is the first for them, and he would sit while they would be standing and praying for themselves the second Cycle, and the prayer leader would greet unto them.
وَ الْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي مِنْ صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ هُوَ الَّذِي يَخَافُ اللُّصُوصَ وَ السِّبَاعَ وَ هُوَ فِي السَّفَرِ فَإِنَّهُ يَتَوَجَّهُ إِلَى الْقِبْلَةِ وَ يَسْتَفْتِحُ الصَّلَاةَ وَ يَمُرُّ فِي وَجْهِهِ الَّذِي هُوَ فِيهِ فَإِذَا فَرَغَ مِنَ الْقِرَاءَةِ وَ أَرَادَ الرُّكُوعَ وَ السُّجُودَ وَلَّى وَجْهَهُ إِلَى الْقِبْلَةِ إِنْ قَدَرَ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا كَانَ رَاجِلًا وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ رَكَعَ وَ سَجَدَ حَيْثُمَا تَوَجَّهَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ رَاكِباً يُومِي إِيمَاءً بِرَأْسِهِ
And the second aspect of the Salat of fear, it is which the thieves and the wild animals are fear for, and it is during the journey. He diverts towards the Qiblah and he begins the Salat, and he passes in his direction which he is in. When he is free from the recitation and intends the Ruk’u and the Sajdah(s), he should turn his face towards the Qiblah if he is able upon it when he is on foot, and if he is not able upon Ruk’u and Sajdah wherever he may be heading, and if he is riding, he would gesture the gestures by his head.
وَ صَلَاةُ الْمُجَادَلَةِ وَ هِيَ الْمُضَارَبَةُ فِي الْحَرْبِ إِذَا لَمْ يَقْدِرْ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ وَ يُصَلِّيَ كَبَّرَ لِكُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ تَكْبِيرَةً حَيْثُمَا تَوَجَّهَ فَهَذِهِ وُجُوهُ صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ
And Salat of the quarrelling, and it is the striker during the water when he is not able from descending (from the horse) and praying. He should exclaim a Takbeer for every Cycles wherever he may be heading. So, these are aspects of the Salat of fear.
وَ صَلَاةُ الْحَيْرَةِ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَوْجُهٍ فَوَجْهٌ مِنْهَا هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ فِي مَفَازَةٍ وَ لَا يَعْرِفُ الْقِبْلَةَ يُصَلِّي إِلَى أَرْبَعِ جَوَانِبَ
And the Salat of confusion is based upon three aspects. An aspect from these, he is the man who happens to be in a wilderness and he does not know the Qiblah. He should pray to four sides.
وَ الْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي مَنْ فَاتَتْهُ صَلَاةٌ وَ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ أَيُّ صَلَاةٍ هِيَ فَإِنَّهُ يَجِبُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ ثَلَاثَ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الَّتِي فَاتَتْهُ الْعِشَاءَ فَقَدْ قَضَاهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَتِ الظُّهْرَ فَقَدْ قَضَاهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَتِ الْعَصْرَ فَقَدْ قَضَاهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَتِ الْفَجْرَ فَقَدْ قَضَاهَا وَ كَذَا الْمَغْرِبُ
And the second aspect is one who misses a Salat and he does not know which Salat it is, so it obligates that he should pray three Cycles, and four Cycles, and two Cycles. If that which he had missed were to be Al-Isha, so he would have fulfilled it, and if it was Al-Zohr, he would have fulfilled it, and if it were Al-Asr, he would have fulfilled it, and if it were Al-Fajr, he would have fulfilled, and like that is Al-Maghrib.
وَ مَنْ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ ثَوْبَانِ فَأَصَابَ أَحَدَهُمَا بَوْلٌ أَوْ قَذَرٌ أَوْ جَنَابَةٌ وَ لَمْ يَدْرِ أَيَّ الثَّوْبَيْنِ أَصَابَ الْقَذَرُ فَإِنَّهُ يُصَلِّي فِي هَذَا وَ هَذَا فَإِذَا وَجَدَ الْمَاءَ غَسَلَهُمَا جَمِيعاً
And the one who has two clothes upon him, and one of these is hit by urine, or filth, or sexual impurity, and he does not know which of the two clothes the filth had been hit. He should pray in this and this. When he finds the water, he should wash them both together.
وَ صَلَاةُ الْكُسُوفِ عَشْرُ رَكَعَاتٍ بِأَرْبَعِ سَجَدَاتٍ وَ صَلَاةُ الْعِيدَيْنِ رَكْعَتَانِ وَ صَلَاةُ الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ وَ صَلَاةُ مَنْ يَخُوضُ الْمَاءَ وَ تَحْضُرُهُ الصَّلَاةُ وَ لَا يَقْدِرُ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ مِنَ الْمَاءِ يُومِي إِيمَاءً وَ صَلَاةُ الْعُرْيَانِ يَقْعُدُ مُنْقَبِضاً وَ يُومِي بِالرُّكُوعِ وَ السُّجُودِ وَ إِنَّمَا يَكُونُ سُجُودُهُ أَخْفَضَ مِنْ رُكُوعِهِ وَ صَلَاةُ الْجَنَائِزِ.
And Salat of the eclipse is of ten Cycles with four Sajdah; and Salat of the two Eids is of two Cycles; and Salat of beseeching for the rain; and Salat of the one who dives into the water and the Salat presents, and he is not able upon exiting from the water, he should indicate gestures; and Salat of the naked, he should sit contracted and gesture with the Ruk’u and the Sajdah(s), and rather his Sajdah(s) would be lower than his Ruk’u; and the funeral Salat’’.[222]
29- الْهِدَايَةُ، الصَّلَاةُ فِي الْيَوْمِ وَ اللَّيْلَةِ إِحْدَى وَ خَمْسُونَ رَكْعَةً الْفَرِيضَةُ مِنْهَا سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً وَ مَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ سُنَّةٌ وَ نَافِلَةٌ
(The book) ‘Al Hidaya’ –
‘The Salat during the day and the night is of fifty-one Cycles – the obligatory from these are seventeen Cycles, and whatever is besides that is Sunnah and optional.
فَأَمَّا الْفَرِيضَةُ فَالظُّهْرُ أَرْبَعُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ الْعَصْرُ أَرْبَعُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ الْمَغْرِبُ ثَلَاثُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ الْعِشَاءُ الْآخِرَةُ أَرْبَعُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ الْغَدَاةُ رَكْعَتَانِ
As for the obligatory – Al-Zohr is of four Cycles, and Al-Asr is for four Cycles, and Al-Maghrib is of three Cycles, and Al-Isha the last is of four Cycles, and the morning is of two Cycles.
وَ أَمَّا السُّنَّةُ وَ النَّافِلَةُ فَأَرْبَعٌ وَ ثَلَاثُونَ رَكْعَةً مِنْهَا نَافِلَةُ الظُّهْرِ سِتَّ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً ثَمَانٌ قَبْلَ الظُّهْرِ وَ ثَمَانٌ بَعْدَهَا قَبْلَ الْعَصْرِ وَ نَافِلَةُ الْمَغْرِبِ أَرْبَعُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ بَعْدَ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ رَكْعَتَانِ مِنْ جُلُوسٍ تُعَدَّانِ بِرَكْعَةٍ
And as for the Sunnah and the optional – these are of thirty-four Cycles. From these is option of Al-Zohr as being sixteen Cycles, eight before Al-Zohr and eight after it before Al-Asr; and optional of Al-Maghrib is of four Cycles, and after Al-Isha the last are two Cycles from sitting equating as one Cycles.
فَإِنْ حَدَثَ بِالرَّجُلِ حَدَثٌ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَبْلُغَ آخِرَ اللَّيْلِ فَيُصَلِّي الْوَتْرَ يَكُونُ قَدْ مَضَى عَلَى الْوَتْرِ وَ صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ ثَمَانُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ الشَّفْعُ رَكْعَتَانِ وَ الْوَتْرُ رَكْعَةٌ وَ رَكْعَتَا الْفَجْرِ فَهَذِهِ أَرْبَعٌ وَ ثَلَاثُونَ رَكْعَةً.
If there is an occurrence of an even with the man before he reaches end of the night, he should pray Salat Al-Witr, he would have continued upon Al-Witr, and the night Salat is of eight Cycles, and ‘Al-Shaf’a’ is of two Cycles, and ‘Al-Witr’ is of one Cycle, and two Cycles of Al-Fajr. Thus these are thirty-four Cycles’’.[223]
30- فِقْهُ الرِّضَا، قَالَ ع اعْلَمْ يَرْحَمُكَ اللَّهُ أَنَّ الْفَرِيضَةَ وَ النَّافِلَةَ فِي الْيَوْمِ وَ اللَّيْلَةِ إِحْدَى وَ خَمْسُونَ رَكْعَةً
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’ – He-asws said: ‘Know, may Allah-azwj Mercy you! The obligatory and the optional during the day and the night are fifty-one Cycles.
الْفَرْضُ مِنْهَا سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً فَرِيضَةً وَ أَرْبَعٌ وَ ثَلَاثُونَ رَكْعَةً سُنَّةً الظُّهْرُ أَرْبَعُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ الْعَصْرُ أَرْبَعُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ الْمَغْرِبُ ثَلَاثُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ الْعِشَاءُ الْآخِرَةُ أَرْبَعُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ الْغَدَاةُ رَكْعَتَانِ فَهَذِهِ فَرِيضَةُ الْحَضَرِ
The obligatory from these are seventeen Cycles as an obligation, and thirty-four Cycles are Sunnah – Al-Zohr four Cycles, and Al-Asr four Cycles, and Al-Maghrib three Cycles, and Al-Isha the last four Cycles, and the morning two Cycles. These are obligatory of the staying (non-travelling).
وَ صَلَاةُ السَّفَرِ الْفَرِيضَةُ إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً الظُّهْرُ رَكْعَتَانِ وَ الْعَصْرُ رَكْعَتَانِ وَ الْمَغْرِبُ ثَلَاثُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ الْعِشَاءُ الْآخِرَةُ رَكْعَتَانِ وَ الْغَدَاةُ رَكْعَتَانِ
And Salat of the journey, the obligatory are eleven Cycles – Al-Zohr two Cycles, and Al-Asr two Cycles, and Al-Maghrib three Cycles, and Al-Isha the last two Cycles, and the morning two Cycles.
وَ النَّوَافِلُ فِي الْحَضَرِ مِثْلَا الْفَرِيضَةِ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ فَرَضَ عَلَيَّ رَبِّي سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً فَفَرَضْتُ عَلَى نَفْسِي وَ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي وَ شِيعَتِي بِإِزَاءِ كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ لِتَتِمَّ بِذَلِكَ الْفَرَائِضُ مَا يَلْحَقُهُ مِنَ التَّقْصِيرِ وَ الثَّلْمِ مِنْهَا
And the optional during the staying (not travelling) is double the obligatory, because Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘My-saww Lord-azwj Imposed seventeen Cycles. I-saww imposed upon myself-saww and People-asws of my-saww Household and my-saww Shias, parallel to each Cycle, two Cycles in order to complete the obligatory ones with that when he had faced from the deficiencies and the missed from it.
ثَمَانُ رَكَعَاتٍ قَبْلَ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ وَ هِيَ صَلَاةُ الْأَوَّابِينَ وَ ثَمَانٌ بَعْدَ الظُّهْرِ وَ هِيَ صَلَاةُ الْخَاشِعِينَ وَ أَرْبَعُ رَكَعَاتٍ بَيْنَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ وَ هِيَ صَلَاةُ الذَّاكِرِينَ وَ رَكْعَتَانِ بَعْدَ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ جُلُوسٍ تُحْسَبُ رَكْعَةً مِنْ قِيَامٍ وَ هِيَ صَلَاةُ الشَّاكِرِينَ وَ ثَمَانُ رَكَعَاتٍ صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ وَ هِيَ صَلَاةُ الْخَائِفِينَ وَ ثَلَاثُ رَكَعَاتٍ الْوَتْرُ وَ هِيَ صَلَاةُ الرَّاغِبِينَ وَ رَكْعَتَانِ عِنْدَ الْفَجْرِ وَ هِيَ صَلَاةُ الْحَامِدِينَ
Eight Cycles before decline of the sun (midday), and it is Salat of the penitent ones, and eight after Al-Zohr, and it is Salat of the fearful ones, and four Cycles between Al-Maghrib and Al-Isha the last, and it is Salat of the mentioners (Zakirs), and two Cycles after Al-Isha the last from sitting, calculate as one Cycle from standing, and it is Salat of the thankful ones, and eight Cycles Salt of the night, and it is Salat of the fearful ones, and three Cycles of Al-Witr, and it is Salat of the desiring ones, and two Salats during Al-Fajr, and it is Salat of the praising ones.
وَ النَّوَافِلُ فِي السَّفَرِ أَرْبَعُ رَكَعَاتٍ بَعْدَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ رَكْعَتَانِ بَعْدَ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ جُلُوسٍ وَ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ مَعَ رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ بِاللَّيْلِ قَضَاهَا بِالنَّهَارِ أَوْ مِنْ قَابِلِهِ فِي وَقْتِ صَلَاةِ اللَّيْلِ أَوْ مِنْ أَوَّلِ اللَّيْلِ.
And the optional during the journey are four Cycles after Al-Maghrib, and two Cycles after Al-Isha the last from sitting, and thirteen Cycles of the night Salat with two Cycles of Al-Fajr; and if he is not able at night, then he can fulfil these at daytime, or the next day during the time of the night Salat, or from beginning of the night’’.[224]
31- كِتَابُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْكَاهِلِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ رُبَّ سَائِلٍ يَسْأَلُ عَنْ صَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ صِيَامِهِ فَأُخْبِرُهُ بِهَا فَيَقُولُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُعَذِّبُ عَلَى الزِّيَادَةِ كَأَنَّهُ يَظُنُّ أَنَّهُ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص.
The book of Abdullah Bin Yahya Al Kahily, from Muhammad Bin Marwan who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘Sometimes a questioner would ask about Salat of Rasool-Allah-saww and his-saww fasting. He-saww informed him with it and he-saww would say: ‘Allah-azwj will not Punish upon the increased (number of Salats)’. It is as if he thought that he was better than Rasool-Allah-saww (in praying Salat)’’.[225]
باب 4 أن للصلاة أربعة آلاف باب و أنها قربان كل تقي و خير موضوع و فضل إكثارها
CHAPTER 4 – FOR THE SALAT THERE ARE FOUR THOUSAND DOORS, AND THESE ARE OFFERINGS (MEANS OF NEARNESS TO ALLAH-azwj) OF EVERY PIOUS ONE, AND BEST TOPIC, AND MERIT OF ITS MORE
1- الْعُيُونُ، وَ الْعِلَلُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْعَطَّارِ وَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ مَعاً عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ آدَمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ آدَمَ عَنِ الرِّضَا ع قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ الصَّلَاةُ لَهَا أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافِ بَابٍ.
(The books) ‘Al Uyoun’, and ‘Al Ilal’ – from his father, from Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Attar, and Ahmad Bin Idrees, altogether from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Al Ashary, from Al-Husayn Bin Ubeydullah, from Adam Bin Abdullah, from Zakariya Bin Adam,
‘From Al-Reza-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I heard him-asws saying: ‘The Salat, there are thousands of doors (issues) for it’’.[226]
2- الْمَنَاقِبُ، لِابْنِ شَهْرَآشُوبَ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع قَالَ: لِلصَّلَاةِ أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافِ حُدُودٍ
(The book) ‘Al Manaqib’ of Ibn Shehr Ashub, from Hammad Bin Isa,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws having said: ‘For the Salat there are four thousand limits’.
وَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافِ بَابٍ.
And in a report: ‘Four thousand doors (issues)’’.[227]
بيان: فسر الشهيد رفع الله درجته الأبواب و الحدود بواجبات الصلاة و مندوباتها و جعل الواجبات ألفا تقريبا و صنف لها الألفية و المندوبات ثلاثة آلاف و ألف لها النفلية.
Explanation (Abridged) –
Al-Shaheed, may Allah-azwj Raise his rank, interpreted the doors and the limits with obligations of the Salat and its recommendations, and made the obligations approximately a thousand, and classified the thousand, the recommended as three thousand, and a thousand for it are optional.
و قال الوالد قدس الله روحه لعل المراد بالأبواب و الحدود المسائل المتعلقة بها و هي تبلغ أربعة آلاف بلا تكلف أو المراد بالحدود المسائل و بالأبواب أبواب الفيض و الفضل فإن الصلاة معراج المؤمن انتهى.
And Al-Waleed, may Allah-saww Sanctify his soul, said, ‘Perhaps the intent with the doors and the limits are the issues related with it, and these will reach four thousand without encumberment, or the intent with the limits are the issues, and the doors are doors of ampleness and the Grace, for the Salat is an ascension of the Momin – end.
و ربما يقال المراد بالأبواب أبواب السماء التي ترفع منها إليها الصلاة من كل باب.
And perhaps the intent with the doors are doors of the sky from which the Salat rises from each door.
وَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص أَطَّتِ السَّمَاءُ وَ حَقٌّ لَهَا أَنْ تَئِطَّ فَمَا فِيهَا مَوْضِعُ قَدَمٍ إِلَّا وَ فِيهِ مَلَكٌ رَاكِعٌ أَوْ سَاجِدٌ.
And from the Prophet-saww: ‘The sky buzzed, and there is a right for it to buzz. There is no place in it for a foot except and in it is an Angel either performing Ruk’u or Sajdah’.
فالتعبير عن ملائكة كل سماء و هم أبواب نقد الصلاة الصاعدة إليهم.
The expressions of the Angels of every sky, and they are doors for the Salats ascending to them.
أقول و الله أعلم بالحق و الصواب في جميع الأبواب.
I (Majlisi) am saying, ‘And Allah-azwj is more Knowing with the truth and the correctness regarding entirety of the doors’.
3- مَعَانِي الْأَخْبَارِ، وَ الْخِصَالُ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَسْوَارِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَفْصٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَسَدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْبَصْرِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ ره قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ هُوَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ جَالِسٌ وَحْدَهُ فَقَالَ لِي يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ لِلْمَسْجِدِ تَحِيَّةٌ
(The book) ‘Ma’any Al Akhbar’, and ‘Al Khisaal’ – from Ali Bin Abdullah Al Aswary, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Qays, from Amro Bin Hafs, from Abdullah Bin Muhammad Bin Asad, from Al-Husayn Bin Ibrahim, from Yahya Bin Saeed Al Basry, from Ibn Jureyh, from Ata’a, from Quteyba Bin Umeyr,
‘From Abu Zarr-ra having said: ‘I-ra entered to see Rasool-Allah-saww and he-saww was seated alone in the Masjid. He-saww said to me-ra: ‘O Abu Zarr-ra! There is a salutation for the Masjid!’
قُلْتُ وَ مَا تَحِيَّتُهُ
I-ra said, ‘And what is it’s salutation?’
قَالَ رَكْعَتَانِ تَرْكَعُهَا
He-saww said: ‘Two Cycles! Two Cycles!’
فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّكَ أَمَرْتَنِي بِالصَّلَاةِ فَمَا الصَّلَاةُ
I-ra said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! You-saww instructed me-ra with the Salat, so what is the Salat?’
قَالَ خَيْرُ مَوْضُوعٍ فَمَنْ شَاءَ أَقَلَّ وَ مَنْ شَاءَ أَكْثَرَ.
He-saww said: ‘Best topic. The one who so desires can do less, and one who so desires can do more’’.[228]
4- الْعُيُونُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ عَنِ الرِّضَا ع قَالَ: الصَّلَاةُ قُرْبَانُ كُلِّ تَقِيٍ.
(The book) ‘Al Uyoun’ – from his father, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Muhammad Bin Al-Husayn Bin Abu Al Khattab, from Muhammad Bin Al Fuzeyl,
‘From Al-Reza-asws having said: ‘The Salat is an offering (means of nearness to Allah-azwj) of every pious one’’.[229]
5- الْخِصَالُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى الْيَقْطِينِيِّ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ جَدِّهِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع مِثْلَهُ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – from his father, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Muhammad Bin Isa Al Yaqteeny, from Al Qasim Bin Yahya, from his grandfather Al-Hassan, from Abu Baseer, and Muhammad Bin Muslim, from Abu Abdullah-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws, from Amir Al-Momineen-asws.
كتاب الإمامة و التبصرة، لعلي بن بابويه عن الحسن بن حمزة العلوي عن علي بن محمد بن أبي القاسم عن أبيه عن هارون بن مسلم عن مسعدة بن صدقة عن الصادق عن أبيه عن آبائه ع قال قال رسول الله ص و ذكر مثله
The book ‘Al Imamah Wa Al Tabsira’ – from Ali Bin Babuwayh, from Al-Hassan Bin Hamza Al Alawy, from Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Al Qasim, from his father, from Haroun Bin Muslim, from Mas’ada Bin Sadaqah, from Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said’ – and mentioned similar to it.[230]
6- ثَوَابُ الْأَعْمَالِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْوَاسِطِيِّ النَّخَّاسِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع قَالَ: صَلَوَاتُ النَّوَافِلِ قُرُبَاتُ كُلِّ مُؤْمِنٍ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – from his father, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from Al-Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Abu Al-Hassan Al Wasity Al Nakhas, from Musa Bin Bakr,
‘From Abu Al-Hassan-asws having said: ‘The optional Salats are means of nearness (to Allah-azwj) of every Momin’’.[231]
7- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْعَطَّارِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ الرَّازِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ص قَالَ: مَنْ صَلَّى مَا بَيْنَ الْجُمُعَتَيْنِ خَمْسَمِائَةِ رَكْعَةٍ فَلَهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مَا يَتَمَنَّى مِنْ خَيْرٍ.
And from him, from Muhammad Bin Al-Hassan Bin Al Waleed, from Muhammad Bin Yahya al Attar, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Yahya Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Hassan, from Abu Muhammad Al Razy, from Al Sakuni,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, from his-asws father-asws: ‘The Prophet-saww said: ‘One who prays five hundred Cycles Salat in what is between the two Fridays, will have for him in the Presence of Allah-azwj whatever he wishes for from good’’.[232]
8- الْبَصَائِرُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ عَنْ عَنْبَسَةَ الْعَابِدِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ ع وَ ذُكِرَ عِنْدَهُ الصَّلَاةُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ الَّذِي أَمْلَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى لَا يُعَذِّبُ عَلَى كَثْرَةِ الصَّلَاةِ وَ الصِّيَامِ وَ لَكِنْ يَزِيدُهُ جَزَاءً خَيْراً.
(The book) ‘Al Basaair’ – from Muhammad Bin Al-Husayn, from Abdul Rahman Bin Abu Hashim, from Anbasa Al Aabid who said,
‘I heard Ja’far Bin Muhammad-asws, and the Salat had been mentioned in his-asws presence. He‑asws said: ‘In the Book of Ali-asws which was dictated by Rasool-Allah-saww: ‘Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted will not Punish upon abundance of Salat and the fasts, but He-azwj will Increase him in goodly Recompense’’.[233]
9- كِتَابُ الْإِمَامَةِ وَ التَّبْصِرَةِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ حَمْزَةَ الْعَلَوِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الصَّلَاةُ خَيْرُ مَوْضُوعٍ فَمَنْ شَاءَ اسْتَقَلَّ وَ مَنْ شَاءَ اسْتَكْثَرَ.
(The book) ‘Kitab Al Imama Wa Al Tabsira’ – from Al-Hassan Bin Hamza Al Alawy, from Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Al Qasim, from his father, from Haroun Bin Muslim, from Mas’ada Bin Sadaqa,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The Salat is best topic. The one who so desires can do less, and one who so desires can do more’’.[234]
10- إِرْشَادُ الْمُفِيدِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ الْجُعْفِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع يُصَلِّي فِي الْيَوْمِ وَ اللَّيْلَةِ أَلْفَ رَكْعَةٍ وَ كَانَتِ الرِّيحُ تُمِيلُهُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ السُّنْبُلَةِ.
(The book) ‘Irshad Al Mufeed’ – from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir Al Jufy,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws used to pray a thousand Cycles during the day and night, and the wind had inclined him-asws to be at the status of the ear (of corn)’’.[235]
بيان: تميله أي لنحافته و ضعفه أو لشدة توجهه إلى جانب الحق كأنه جسد بلا روح.
Explanation – ‘Inclined him-asws’ – i.e., due to his-asws thinness and his-asws weakness, or due to the intensity of his-asws orientation towards the truth, as if he-asws was a body without a soul.
11- الْعُيُونُ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ زِيَادِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ السَّلَامِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ الْهَرَوِيِّ قَالَ: جِئْتُ إِلَى بَابِ الدَّارِ الَّتِي حُبِسَ فِيهَا الرِّضَا ع بِسَرَخْسَ وَ قَدْ قُيِّدَ وَ اسْتَأْذَنْتُ عَلَيْهِ السَّجَّانَ فَقَالَ لَا سَبِيلَ لَكَ عَلَيْهِ
(The book) ‘Al Uyoun’ – from Ahmad Bin Ziyad Bin Ja’far Al Hamdany, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Abdul Salam Bin Salih Al Harwy who said,
‘I came to the door of the house in which Al-Reza-asws had been withheld in (house arrest) at Sarakhsa, and he-asws had been shackled, and I sought permission of the warden to see him‑asws. He said, ‘There is no way for you to see him-asws!’
قُلْتُ وَ لِمَ قَالَ لِأَنَّهُ رُبَّمَا صَلَّى فِي يَوْمِهِ وَ لَيْلَتِهِ أَلْفَ رَكْعَةٍ الْحَدِيثَ.
I said, And why not?’ He said, ‘Because sometimes he-asws prays a thousand Cycles of Salat during his-asws day and his-asws night’ – the Hadeeth’’.[236]
12- الْعِلَلُ، عَنِ الْمُظَفَّرِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُظَفَّرٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ الْعَيَّاشِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مَعْمَرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا حَازِمٍ يَقُولُ مَا رَأَيْتُ هَاشِمِيّاً أَفْضَلَ مِنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع وَ كَانَ يُصَلِّي فِي الْيَوْمِ وَ اللَّيْلَةِ أَلْفَ رَكْعَةٍ حَتَّى خَرَجَ بِجَبْهَتِهِ وَ آثَارِ سُجُودِهِ مِثْلُ كِرْكِرَةِ الْبَعِيرِ.
(The book) ‘Al Ilal’ – from Al Muzaffar Bin Ja’far Bin Muzaffar, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Masoud Al Ayyashi, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Hatim, from Ismail Bin Ibrahim Bin Ma’mar, from Abdul Aziz Bin Abu Hatim who said, ‘I heard Abu Hazim saying,
‘I have not seen any Hashemite better than Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws, and he-asws used to pray a thousand Cycles Salat during the day and night to the extent that impacts of Sajdah(s) appeared in his-asws forehead resembling the callus of a camel’’.[237]
13- الْخِصَالُ، عَنِ الْمُظَفَّرِ الْعَلَوِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ الْعَيَّاشِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الطَّيَالِسِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حُمْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع يُصَلِّي فِي الْيَوْمِ وَ اللَّيْلَةِ أَلْفَ رَكْعَةٍ كَمَا كَانَ يَفْعَلُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع كَانَتْ لَهُ خَمْسُ مِائَةِ نَخْلَةٍ وَ كَانَ يُصَلِّي عِنْدَ كُلِّ نَخْلَةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ الْحَدِيثَ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – from Al Muzaffar Al Alawy, fromIbn Al Ayyashi, from his father, from Abdullah Bin Muhammad Al Tayalisy, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Muhammad Bin Humran, from his father,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn used to pray a thousand Cycles Salat during the day and the night just as Amir Al Momineen-asws had done. There were five hundred date trees for him-asws, and he-asws would pray two Cycles Salat by each date tree’ – the Hadeeth’’.[238]
14- نَهْجُ الْبَلَاغَةِ، قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع الصَّلَاةُ قُرْبَانُ كُلِّ تَقِيٍ.
(The book) ‘Nahj Al Balagah’ –
‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘The Salat is an offering (means of nearness to Allah-azwj of every pious one’’.[239]
وَ قَالَ ع تَعَاهَدُوا أَمْرَ الصَّلَاةِ وَ حَافِظُوا عَلَيْهَا وَ اسْتَكْثِرُوا مِنْهَا وَ تَقَرَّبُوا بِهَا فَإِنَّهَا كانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتاباً مَوْقُوتاً إِلَى آخِرِ مَا مَرَّ.
And he-asws said: ‘‘Pledge with the matter of the Salat and be preserving upon it, and frequent from it and draw closer (to Allah-azwj) by it, for it is a timed Ordinance for the Momineen [4:103]’ – up to the end of what has passed’’.[240]
15- دَعَائِمُ الْإِسْلَامِ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع قَالَ: الصَّلَاةُ قُرْبَانُ كُلِّ تَقِيٍ.
(The book) ‘Da’aim Al Islam’ –
‘From Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws having said: ‘The Salat is an offering (means of nearness to Allah-azwj) of every pious’’.[241]
وَ قَالَ: لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَجْهٌ وَ وَجْهُ دِينِكُمُ الصَّلَاةُ.
And he-asws said: ‘For all things there is a face, and face of your religion is the Salat’’.[242]
وَ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَتَطَوَّعُ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَ لَيْلَةٍ بِأَلْفِ رَكْعَةٍ.
And we are reporting from Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws: ‘He-asws used to pray optional Salats of a thousand Cycles during every day and night’’.[243]
16- مَجَالِسُ ابْنِ الشَّيْخِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْحَفَّارِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ أَخِي دِعْبِلٍ عَنِ الرِّضَا ع أَنَّهُ خَلَعَ عَلَى دِعْبِلٍ قَمِيصاً مِنْ خَزٍّ وَ قَالَ لَهُ احْتَفِظْ بِهَذَا الْقَمِيصِ فَقَدْ صَلَّيْتُ فِيهِ أَلْفَ لَيْلَةٍ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ أَلْفَ رَكْعَةٍ وَ خَتَمْتُ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنَ أَلْفَ خَتْمَةٍ الْخَبَرَ.
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of Ibn Al Sheykh – from his father, from Al Haffar, from Ismail Bin Ali, brother of Deobel,
‘From Al-Reza-asws, he-asws had taken off his-asws own shirt of wool and placed it upon Deobel, and said to him: ‘Preserve this shirt for I-asws have prayed a thousand Cycles of Salat in it every night for a thousand nights, and have completed the Quran in it a thousand completions’ – the Hadeeth’’.[244]
17- مَجْمَعُ الْبَيَانِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْبَاقِرِ ع قَالَ: وَ اللَّهِ إِنْ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع لَيَأْكُلُ أَكْلَةَ الْعَبْدِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ وَ كَانَ يُصَلِّي فِي الْيَوْمِ وَ اللَّيْلَةِ أَلْفَ رَكْعَةٍ.
(The book) ‘Majma Al Bayan’ – from Muhammad Bin Qays,
‘From Abu Ja’far Al-Baqir-asws having said: ‘By Allah-azwj! Ali-asws used to eat the eating of slaves’ – up to he-asws said: ‘And he-asws used to pray a thousand Cycles during the day and night’’.[245]
18- كِتَابُ الْمَلْهُوفِ، لِلسَّيِّدِ بْنِ طَاوُسٍ نَقْلًا مِنَ الْجُزْءِ الرَّابِعِ مِنْ كِتَابِ الْعِقْدِ لِابْنِ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ قَالَ: قِيلَ لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع مَا أَقَلَّ وُلْدَ أَبِيكَ
‘Kitab Al Malhouf’ of the Seyyid Bin Tawoos, copying from the fourth volume of ‘Kitab Al Iqd’ of Ibn Abd Rabbih who said,
‘It was said to Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws, ‘How few are the children of your-asws father-asws (Imam Husayn-asws)!’
قَالَ أَتَعَجَّبُ كَيْفَ وُلِدْتُ لَهُ كَانَ يُصَلِّي فِي الْيَوْمِ وَ اللَّيْلَةِ أَلْفَ رَكْعَةٍ فَمَتَى كَانَ يَتَفَرَّغُ لِلنِّسَاءِ.
He-asws said: ‘I-asws am surprised how they were born for him-asws! He-asws used to pray a thousand Cycles during the day and night, so when was he-asws free for the women?’’[246]
الظاهر أن المراد بألف ركعة المبالغة الشديدة في الكثرة و الا فساعات الفراغ من الاكل و النوم و الطهارة لا يسع لصلاة ألف ركعة.
Note – The apparent is that the intended with a thousand Cycles Salat is the severe exaggeration in the number, and the free times from the eating, and the sleeping, and the cleansing is not sufficient for a thousand Cycles.
باب 5 أوقات الصلوات
CHAPTER 5 – TIMINGS OF THE SALATS
الآيات
The Verses
آل عمران مخاطبا لزكريا ع وَ سَبِّحْ بِالْعَشِيِّ وَ الْإِبْكارِ
(Surah) Aal-e-Imran: Addressing to Zakariya-as: and Glorify Him in the evening and the morning” [3:41].
النساء إِنَّ الصَّلاةَ كانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتاباً مَوْقُوتاً
(Surah) Al Nisa: Surely the Salat was always a timed Ordinance for the Momineen [4:103].
هود وَ أَقِمِ الصَّلاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهارِ وَ زُلَفاً مِنَ اللَّيْلِ إِنَّ الْحَسَناتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئاتِ ذلِكَ ذِكْرى لِلذَّاكِرِينَ وَ اصْبِرْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يُضِيعُ أَجْرَ الْمُحْسِنِينَ
(Surah) Hud-as: And establish the Salat in the two ends of the day and near from the night. Surely the good deeds erase the evil deeds, that is a Reminder for the mindful [11:114] And be patient, for surely Allah does not Waste the Recompense of the good doers [11:115].
أسرى أَقِمِ الصَّلاةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ وَ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كانَ مَشْهُوداً
(Surah) Isra: Establish the Salat (from) the decline of the sun (midday) to the darkness of the night, and recitation at dawn. Surely the recitation at dawn was always witnessed [17:78].
مريم فَأَوْحى إِلَيْهِمْ أَنْ سَبِّحُوا بُكْرَةً وَ عَشِيًّا
(Surah) Maryam-as: and He Revealed to them that they should be Glorifying (Allah) morning and evening [19:11]
طه وَ سَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَ قَبْلَ غُرُوبِها وَ مِنْ آناءِ اللَّيْلِ فَسَبِّحْ وَ أَطْرافَ النَّهارِ لَعَلَّكَ تَرْضى
(Surah) Ta Ha: and Glorify with the Praise of your Lord before the emergence of the sun and before its setting. And from the hours of the night, Glorify, and the (two) ends of the day, perhaps you would be pleased [20:130]
الأنبياء إِنَّهُمْ كانُوا يُسارِعُونَ فِي الْخَيْراتِ
(Surah) Al Anbiya-as: They were being swift in the good deeds and supplicating to Us, hoping and fearing, and they were humble to Us [21:90]
الروم فَسُبْحانَ اللَّهِ حِينَ تُمْسُونَ وَ حِينَ تُصْبِحُونَ وَ لَهُ الْحَمْدُ فِي السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ عَشِيًّا وَ حِينَ تُظْهِرُونَ
(Surah) Al Roum: Therefore, Glorify Allah when you come up to the evening and when you come up to the morning [30:17] And for Him is the Praise in the skies and the earth, and at sunset, and when you come up to midday [30:18]
الأحزاب وَ سَبِّحُوهُ بُكْرَةً وَ أَصِيلًا
(Surah) Al Ahzaab: And Glorify Him morning and evening [33:42]
المؤمن وَ سَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ بِالْعَشِيِّ وَ الْإِبْكارِ
(Surah) Al Momin: and Glorify with the Praise of your Lord in the evening and the morning [40:55]
الفتح وَ تُسَبِّحُوهُ بُكْرَةً وَ أَصِيلًا
(Surah) Al Fat’h: and you should Glorify Him morning and evening [48:9]
ق وَ سَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَ قَبْلَ الْغُرُوبِ وَ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَسَبِّحْهُ وَ أَدْبارَ السُّجُودِ
(Surah) Qaf: and Glorify with Praise of your lord before emergence of the sun and before the setting [50:39] And from the night, so Glorify Him, and (also) after the (Prescribed) Sajdahs [50:40]
الطور وَ سَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ حِينَ تَقُومُ وَ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَسَبِّحْهُ وَ إِدْبارَ النُّجُومِ
(Surah) Al Tour: and Glorify with Praise of your Lord when you stand [52:48] And from the night, so Glorify Him, and at the retreat of the stars [52:49]
الدهر وَ اذْكُرِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ بُكْرَةً وَ أَصِيلًا- وَ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَاسْجُدْ لَهُ وَ سَبِّحْهُ لَيْلًا طَوِيلًا
(Surah) Al Dahr: And do Zikr of a Name of your Lord, morning and evening [76:25] And from the night. So do Sajdah to Him, and Glorify Him at night for long [76:26]
تفسير
Tafseer (Ahadeeth only):
قَالَ الْحَسَنُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْمَغْرِبُ وَ الْعِشَاءُ زُلْفَتَا اللَّيْلِ.
Al-Hassan said, ‘Rasool-Allah-saww: ‘Al-Maghrib and Al-Isha are two near the night’.
وَ رَوَى الْوَاحِدِيُّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَعَ سَلْمَانَ تَحْتَ شَجَرَةٍ فَأَخَذَ غُصْناً يَابِساً مِنْهَا فَهَزَّهُ حَتَّى تَحَاتَّتْ وَرَقُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَ لَا تَسْأَلُنِي لِمَ أَفْعَلُ هَذَا قُلْتُ وَ لِمَ تَفْعَلُهُ
And it is reported by Al-Wahidy, by his chain, from Abu Usman who said, ‘I was with Salman‑ra beneath a tree. He-ra grabbed a dry branch from it and shook it until its leaves dropped off. Then he-ra said, ‘Will you not ask me-ra why I-ra did this?’ I said, ‘And why did you-ra do it?’
قَالَ هَكَذَا فَعَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ أَنَا مَعَهُ تَحْتَ شَجَرَةٍ فَأَخَذَ مِنْهُ غُصْناً يَابِساً فَهَزَّهُ حَتَّى تَحَاتَّتْ وَرَقُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَ لَا تَسْأَلُنِي يَا سَلْمَانُ لِمَ أَفْعَلُ هَذَا قُلْتُ وَ لِمَ فَعَلْتَهُ
He-ra said, ‘That is how Rasool-Allah-saww had done, and I-ra was with him-saww, beneath a tree. He-saww grabbed a dry branch from hit. He-saww shook it until its leaves dropped off, then he‑saww said: ‘O Salman-ra! Will you-ra not ask me-saww why I-asws did this?’ I-ra said, ‘And why did you‑saww do it?’
قَالَ إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمَ إِذَا تَوَضَّأَ فَأَحْسَنَ الْوُضُوءَ ثُمَّ صَلَّى الصَّلَاةَ الْخَمْسَ تَحَاتَّتْ خَطَايَاهُ كَمَا تَحَاتَّتْ هَذِهِ الْوَرَقُ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ وَ أَقِمِ الصَّلاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهارِ إِلَى آخِرِهَا.
He-saww said: ‘When the Muslim performs Wud’u, so he makes the Wud’u good, then he prays the five Salat, his sins drop off just as these leaves have dropped off’. Then he-saww recited this Verse: And establish the Salat in the two ends of the day [11:114] – up to its end’’.
وَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الْحَارِثِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فِي الْمَسْجِدِ نَنْتَظِرُ الصَّلَاةَ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أَصَبْتُ ذَنْباً
And by his chain from Al-Haris, from Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws having said: ‘We were with Rasool-Allah-saww in the Masjid awaiting the Salat. A man stood up. He said, ‘O Rasool-Allah‑saww! I have committed a sin!’
فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ فَلَمَّا قَضَى النَّبِيُّ ص الصَّلَاةَ قَامَ الرَّجُلُ فَأَعَادَ الْقَوْلَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص أَ لَيْسَ قَدْ صَلَّيْتَ مَعَنَا هَذِهِ الصَّلَاةَ وَ أَحْسَنْتَ لَهَا الطَّهُورَ
He-saww turned away from him. When the Prophet-saww had fulfilled the Salat, the man stood up and repeated the words. The Prophet-saww said: ‘Haven’t you prayed this Salat with us and you were good the cleansing for it?’
قَالَ بَلَى
He said, ‘Yes’.
قَالَ فَإِنَّهَا كَفَّارَةُ ذَنْبِكَ.
He-saww said: ‘It is an atonement for your sin’’.
وَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ النَّبَوِيِّ الْمَشْهُورِ أَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ كَفَّارَةُ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا مَا اجْتَنَبَ الْكَبَائِرَ.
And in the Hadeeth of the Prophet-saww, the well-known: ‘The Salat to the Salat is an atonement of what is between the two for as long as he has shunned the major sins’’.
وَ فِي مَجَالِسِ الصَّدُوقِ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُكَفِّرُ بِكُلِّ حَسَنَةٍ سَيِّئَةً ثُمَّ تَلَا الْآيَةَ.
And in ‘Majaalis’ of Al-Sadouq, from Amir Al-Momineen-asws: ‘Allah-azwj Atones an evil deed with every good deed’. Then he-asws recited the Verse’’.
وَ فِي الْكَافِي وَ غَيْرِهِ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع فِي تَفْسِيرِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ إِنَّ صَلَاةَ الْمُؤْمِنِ بِاللَّيْلِ يَذْهَبُ بِمَا عَمِلَ مِنْ ذَنْبٍ بِالنَّهَارِ.
And Al-Kafi and other, from Al-Sadiq-asws regarding interpretation of this Verse: ‘The Salat of the Momin at night does away with what he had done from the sins at daytime’’.
عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ فَقَالَ فَرِيضَةٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ أَنْ يَقُولَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَ قَبْلَ غُرُوبِهَا عَشْرَ مَرَّاتٍ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لا شَرِيكَ لَهُ- لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَ لَهُ الْحَمْدُ- يُحْيِي وَ يُمِيتُ وَ هُوَ حَيٌّ لَا يَمُوتُ بِيَدِهِ الْخَيْرُ وَ هُوَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ.
From Al-Sadiq-asws having been asked about this Verse. He-asws said: ‘It is an obligation upon every Muslim that he says before emergence of the sun and before its setting, ten times, ‘There is no god except Allah-azwj Alone, there is not associate for Him-azwj. For Him-azwj is the Praise. He-azwj Causes to live and Causes to die, and He-azwj is Living and will not die. The good is in His‑azwj Hand, and He-azwj is Able upon all things!’’
الْكَافِي عَنِ الْبَاقِرِ ع فِي قَوْلِهِ وَ أَطْرافَ النَّهارِ قَالَ يَعْنِي تَطَوَّعْ بِالنَّهَارِ.
Al-Kafi, from Al-Baqir-asws regarding His (s.w.t) Words: and the (two) ends of the day, [20:130]. He-asws said: ‘Meaning voluntary (optional) at daytime’’.
وَ قَالَ فِي مَجْمَعِ الْبَيَانِ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ وَ سَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَ قَبْلَ الْغُرُوبِ
And he said in ‘Majma Al-Bayan’ – It is reported from Abu Abdullah-asws having been asked about His-azwj Words: and Glorify with Praise of your lord before emergence of the sun and before the setting [50:39].
فَقَالَ تَقُولُ حِينَ تُصْبِحُ وَ حِينَ تُمْسِي عَشْرَ مَرَّاتٍ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لا شَرِيكَ لَهُ- لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَ لَهُ الْحَمْدُ يُحْيِي وَ يُمِيتُ وَ يُمِيتُ وَ يُحْيِي- وَ هُوَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ.
He-asws said: ‘You should say when it is morning and when it is evening, ten times, ‘There is no god except Allah-azwj Alone, there is no associate for Him-azwj. For Him-azwj is the Kingdom, and for Him-azwj is the Praise. He-azwj Causes to live and Causes to die, and He-azwj Causes to die and Causes to live, and He-azwj is Able upon all things!’’
أقول وَ قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَكْتَالَ بِالْمِكْيَالِ الْأَوْفَى فَلْيَكُنْ آخِرُ كَلَامِهِ مِنْ مَجْلِسِهِ- سُبْحانَ رَبِّكَ رَبِّ الْعِزَّةِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ- وَ سَلامٌ عَلَى الْمُرْسَلِينَ وَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعالَمِينَ.
I (Majlisi) saying, ‘And it reported from Amir Al-Momineen-asws having said: ‘One who loves to be measured with the full measure, let it be last of his speeches from his gathering, ‘Glorious is your Lord-azwj, the Lord-azwj of Mighty, from what they are describing, and greeting be upon the Messengers-as, and the Praise is for Allah-azwj, Lord-azwj of the worlds!’’
وَ قَالَ الطَّبْرِسِيُّ ره رَوَى زُرَارَةُ وَ حُمْرَانُ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ قَالا إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص كَانَ يَقُومُ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ فَيَنْظُرُ فِي آفَاقِ السَّمَاءِ فَيَقْرَأُ خَمْسَ آيَاتٍ مِنْ آلِ عِمْرَانَ- إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ إِلَى إِنَّكَ لا تُخْلِفُ الْمِيعادَ ثُمَّ يَفْتَتِحُ صَلَاةَ اللَّيْلِ.
And Al-Tabarsee said, ‘It is reported by Zurarah, and Humran, and Muhammad Bin Muslim, from Abu Ja’far-asws and Abu Abdullah-asws regarding this Verse, both said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww used to stand three times from the night. He-saww would looking into horizons of the sky and recite five Verses from (Surah) Aal e Imran: In the Creation of the skies and the earth [3:190] – up to – surely You do not break the Promise’ [3:194]’. Then he-saww began the night Salat’’.
قال الطبرسي ره رُوِيَ عَنِ الرِّضَا ع أَنَّهُ سَأَلَهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ وَ قَالَ مَا ذَلِكَ التَّسْبِيحُ قَالَ صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ.
Tabarsee said, ‘It is reported from Al-Reza-asws, Ahmad Bin Muhammad had asked him-asws about this Verse and said, ‘What is that glorification?’ He-asws said: ‘The night Salat’’.
1- قُرْبُ الْإِسْنَادِ، لِلْحِمْيَرِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْعَلَوِيِّ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ نَسِيَ الْمَغْرِبَ حَتَّى دَخَلَ وَقْتُ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ قَالَ يُصَلِّي الْعِشَاءَ ثُمَّ الْمَغْرِبَ.
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Isnaad’ of Al Himeyri, from Abdullah Bin Al-Hassan Al Alawy, from his grandfather,
‘Ali son of Ja’far-asws, from his brother Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws, he said, ‘I asked him-asws about a man who forgets Al-Maghrib until the time of Al-Isha the last, enters. He-asws said: ‘He should pray Al-Isha, then Al-Maghrib’’.[247]
2- قُرْبُ الْإِسْنَادِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ وَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ابْنَيْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُبَيْدَ بْنَ زُرَارَةَ يَقُولُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَكُونُ أَصْحَابُنَا مُجْتَمِعِينَ فِي مَنْزِلِ الرَّجُلِ مِنَّا فَيَقُومُ بَعْضُنَا يُصَلِّي الظُّهْرَ وَ بَعْضُنَا يُصَلِّي الْعَصْرَ وَ ذَلِكَ كُلُّهُ فِي وَقْتِ الظُّهْرِ
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Isnaad’ – from Ahmad and Abdullah, two sons of Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Hssan Bin Mahboub, from Ali Bin Ra’ib who said,
‘I heard Ubeyd Bin Zurara saying to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘Our companions happen to have gathered in the house of a man from us. One of us stands to pray Al-Zohr Salat and some of us are praying Al-Asr, and all of that is during the time of Al-Zohr’.
قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ الْأَمْرُ وَاسِعٌ بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ وَ نِعْمَتِهِ.
He-asws said: ‘There is no problem. The matter is capacious, by the Praise of Allah-azwj and His‑azwj Favour’’.[248]
3- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى الْيَقْطِينِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ الْقَدَّاحِ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع عَنْ أَبِيهِ ع أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَأْمُرُ الصِّبْيَانَ يَجْمَعُونَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ الْأُولَى وَ الْعَصْرِ وَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ الْعِشَاءِ يَقُولُ مَا دَامُوا عَلَى وُضُوءٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَشْتَغِلُوا.
And from him, from Muhammad Bin Isa Al Yaqteeny, from Abdullah Bin Maymoun Al Qaddah,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws father-asws, he-asws used to instruct the children to gather between the two Salats, Al-Oulah (Zohr) and Al-Asr, and Al-Maghrib and Al-Isha. He-asws said; ‘For as long as they are upon Wud’u before they become pre-occupied’’.[249]
4- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ طَرِيفٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُلْوَانَ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ أَبِي وَ جَدِّيَ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ يَجْمَعَانِ مَعَ الْأَئِمَّةِ الْمَغْرِبَ وَ الْعِشَاءَ فِي اللَّيْلَةِ الْمَطِيرَةِ وَ لَا يُصَلِّيَانِ بَيْنَهُمَا شَيْئاً.
And from him, from Al-Hassan Bin Tareyf, from Al Husayn Bin Ulwan,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws having said: ‘I-asws saw my-asws father-asws and my-asws (maternal) grandfather Al-Qasim Bin Muhammad gathering with the prayer leaders, Al-Maghrib and Al-Isha during the rainy night, and they did not pray anything between the two’’.[250]
5- وَ مِنْهُ، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ الْعِشَاءِ فِي اللَّيْلَةِ الْمَطِيرَةِ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ مِرَاراً.
And from him, by this chain,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from Ali-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww used to gather between Al-Maghrib and Al-Isha during the rainy night. He-saww had done that repeatedly’’.[251]
6- الْخِصَالُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ عَنْ عَمِّهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْقُرَشِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْبَصْرِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمَدَائِنِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيِّ عَنْ ثَوْرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عِلَاقَةَ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع قَالَ: الْجَمْعُ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ يَزِيدُ فِي الرِّزْقِ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – from Muhammad Bin Ali Majaylawiya, from his uncle Muhammad Bin Abu Al Qasim, from Muhammad Bin Ali Al Qureyshi, from Muhammad Bin Ziyad Al Basry, from Abdullah Bin Abdul Rahman Al Madainy, from Abu Hamza Al Sumali, from Sowr, from his father Saeed Bin Ilaqa,
‘From Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘The gathering between the two Salats increases in the sustenance’’.[252]
7- مَجَالِسُ ابْنِ الشَّيْخِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَخْلَدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُكْرَمٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ عَنْ أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص جَمَعَ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَ الْعَصْرِ وَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ الْعِشَاءِ عَامَ تَبُوكَ.
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of Ibn Al Sheykh – from his father, from Muhammad Bin Muhammad Bin Makhllad, from Usman Bin Ahmad Bin Abdullah, from Al-Hassan Bin Mukrim, from Usman Bin Umar, from Sufyan, from Amro Bin Dinar, from Abu Al Tufeyl, from Muaz Bin Jabal,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww gathered between Al-Zohr and Al-Asr, and Al-Maghrib and Al-Isha in the year of Tabuk’’.[253]
8- الْعِلَلُ، عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص صَلَّى الظُّهْرَ وَ الْعَصْرَ مَكَانَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ عِلَّةٍ وَ لَا سَبَبٍ
(The book) ‘Al Ilal’ – from Al Husayn Bin Ahmad Bin Idrees, from his father, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Is’haq Bin Ammar,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww prayed Al-Zohr and Al-Asr in its place (together) from without any reason nor cause’.
فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ وَ كَانَ أَجْرَأَ الْقَوْمِ عَلَيْهِ أَ حَدَثَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ شَيْءٌ
Umar said to him-saww, and he was the most audacious of the people to him-saww, ‘Can I innovate anything in the Salat?’
قَالَ لَا وَ لَكِنْ أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أُوَسِّعَ عَلَى أُمَّتِي.
He-saww said: ‘But rather, you are intending to expand upon my-saww community’’.[254]
9- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْعَطَّارِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ الْقُمِّيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: قُلْتُ أَ جَمَعَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ مِنْ غَيْرِ عِلَّةٍ
And from him, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Attar, from his father, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Abdul Malik Al Qummi,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘Can I gather between the two Salats from without any reason?’
قَالَ قَدْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَرَادَ التَّخْفِيفَ عَنْ أُمَّتِهِ.
He-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww had done that, intending the lightening from his-saww community’’.[255]
10- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص بِالنَّاسِ الظُّهْرَ وَ الْعَصْرَ حِينَ زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ مِنْ غَيْرِ عِلَّةٍ وَ صَلَّى بِهِمُ الْمَغْرِبَ وَ الْعِشَاءَ الْآخِرَةَ بَعْدَ سُقُوطِ الشَّفَقِ مِنْ غَيْرِ عِلَّةٍ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ وَ إِنَّمَا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لِيَتَّسِعَ الْوَقْتُ عَلَى أُمَّتِهِ.
And from him, from his father, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Abdullah Bin Bukeyr, from Zurarah,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww prayed Al-Zohr Slat and Al-Asr when the sun declined (midday) in a congregation from without any reason, and he-saww prayed Al-Maghrib and Al-Isha the last with them, after fall of the twilight from without any reason in a congregation, and rather Rasool-Allah-saww did that in order to expand the timing upon his‑saww community’’.[256]
11- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْوَرَّاقِ وَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَقْبُرَةَ مَعاً عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْأَزْرَقِ عَنْ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ عَنِ ابْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: جَمَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَ الْعَصْرِ مِنْ غَيْرِ خَوْفٍ وَ لَا سَفَرٍ فَقَالَ أَرَادَ أَنْ [لَا] يَحْرَجَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أُمَّتِهِ.
And from him, from Ali Bin Abdullah Al Warraq and Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Al-Hassan Bin Maqburah, both together from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Al Abbas Bin Saeed Al Azraq, from Zuheyr Bin Harb, from Sufyan Bin Uyayna, from Abu Al Zubeyr, from Ibn Jubeyr, from Ibn Abbas who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww gathered between Al-Zohr and Al-Asr from without there being any fear nor being on a journey’. He (Ibn Abbas) said, ‘He-saww intended that no one should exit from his‑saww community’’.[257]
12 وَ مِنْهُ، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ عَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ عَنِ ابْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مِثْلَهُ.
And from him, by this chain, from Al Abbas, from Ibn Awn Bin Sallam, from Wahb Bin Muawiya, from Abu Al Zubeyr, from Ibn Jubeyr, from Ibn Abbas – similar to it.[258]
13- وَ مِنْهُ، بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ الْجُمَحِيِّ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ص صَلَّى بِالْمَدِينَةِ مُقِيماً غَيْرَ مُسَافِرٍ جَمِيعاً وَ تَمَاماً جَمْعاً.
And from him, by this chain, from Al Abbas, from Suweyd Bin Saeed, from Muhammad Bin Usman Al Jmahy, from Al Hakam Bin Aban, from ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas, and from Nafie, from Ibn Umar,
‘The Prophet-saww prayed Salat at Al-Medina, while staying, not travelling, and gathered (two Salats), both complete, together’’.[259]
14- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنِ الْوَرَّاقِ وَ ابْنِ مَقْبُرَةَ مَعاً عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي خَلَفٍ عَنْ أَبِي يَعْلَى بْنِ اللَّيْثِ عَنْ أَخِيهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اللَّيْثِ عَنْ عَوْنِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْفَرَّاءِ عَنْ صَالِحٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص جَمَعَ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَ الْعَصْرِ وَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ الْعِشَاءِ مِنْ غَيْرِ مَطَرٍ وَ لَا سَفَرٍ
And from him, from Al Warraq and Ibn Maqbarah, both together, from Sa’ad, from Muhammad Bin Abdullah Bin Abu Khalaf, from Abu Ya’la Bin Al Lays, from his brother Muhammad Bin Al Lays, from Awn Bin Ja’far Al Makhzumi, from Dawood Bin Qays Al Fara’a, from Salih, from Ibn Abbas,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww gathered between Al-Zohr and Al-Asr, and Al-Maghrib and Al-Isha, from without there being any rain, nor being on a journey’.
قَالَ فَقِيلَ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَا أَرَادَ بِهِ
He (the narrator) said, ‘It was said to Ibn Abbas, ‘What did he-saww intend with it?’
قَالَ أَرَادَ التَّوَسُّعَ لِأُمَّتِهِ
He said, ‘He-saww intended the capaciousness (leeway) for his-saww community’’.[260]
15- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنِ الْوَرَّاقِ عَنِ ابْنِ خُثَيْمَةَ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عُلَيَّةَ عَنْ لَيْثٍ عَنْ طَاوُسٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص جَمَعَ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَ الْعَصْرِ وَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ الْعِشَاءِ فِي السَّفَرِ وَ الْحَضَرِ.
And from him, from Al Warraq, from Ibn Khuseyman Zuheyr Bin Harb, from Ismail Bin Ulayya, from Lays, from Tawoos, from Ibn Abbas,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww gathered between Al-Zohr and Al-Asr, and Al-Maghrib and Al-Isha, during the travelling and the staying’’.[261]
تبيين و قد ورد في خبر رجاء بن أبي الضحاك أن الرضا ع كان لا يفرق بين الصلاتين الظهر و العصر بغير النافلة و التعقيب و لكنه كان يؤخر العشاء إلى قريب من ثلث الليل.
Clarification (Ahadeeth only) – And it has been referred in a Hadeeth by Raja’a Bin Abu Al Zahhak, ‘Al-Reza-asws did not separate between the two Salats, Al-Zohr and Al-Asr without the optional and the follow-up (acts of worship), but he-asws would delay Al-Isha to near to a third of the night.
رَوَاهُ الْكُلَيْنِيُّ عَنْ عَبَّاسٍ النَّاقِدِ بِسَنَدٍ فِيهِ جَهَالَةٌ قَالَ: تَفَرَّقَ مَا كَانَ بِيَدِي وَ تَفَرَّقَ عَنِّي حُرَفَائِي فَشَكَوْتُ ذَلِكَ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ ع فَقَالَ لِي اجْمَعْ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ الظُّهْرَ وَ الْعَصْرَ تَرَى مَا تُحِبُ.
It is reported by Al-Kulayni, from Abbas Al-Naqid, by a chain wherein is unknown, said, ‘It separated whatever was in my hands, and my friends separated from me, so I complained of that to Abu Muhammad-asws. He-asws said to me: ‘Gather between the two Salat, Al-Zohr and Al-Asr, you will see what you love’’.
وَ بِسَنَدٍ فِيهِ جَهَالَةٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع يَقُولُ الْجَمْعُ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ بَيْنَهُمَا تَطَوُّعٌ فَإِذَا كَانَ بَيْنَهُمَا تَطَوُّعٌ فَلَا جَمْعَ.
And by a chain wherein is unknown, from Muhammad Bin Hakeem who said, ‘I heard Abu Al-Hassan-asws saying: ‘The gathering between the two Salat when there do not happen to be voluntary (optional Salats) between the two. When there were to be optional Salats between the two, do not gather’’.
وَ بِسَنَدٍ فِيهِ ضَعْفٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ إِذَا جَمَعْتَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ فَلَا تَطَوَّعْ بَيْنَهُمَا.
And by a chain wherein is weakness, from Muhammad Bin Hakeem, from Abu Al-Hassan-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I heard him-asws saying: ‘When you gather between the two Salats, do not pray optional between the two’’.
وَ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَ الْعَصْرِ حَدٌّ مَعْرُوفٌ
And in ‘Al-Saheeh’, from Zurarah who said, ‘I said to Abu Ja’far-asws, ‘Between Al-Zohr and Al-Asr, is there a known limit?’
فَقَالَ لَا وَ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ بَيْنَهُمَا حَدٌّ مُعَيَّنٌ كَانَ وَقْتُ الْعَصْرِ حِينَ الْفَرَاغِ مِنَ الظُّهْرِ فَيَكُونُ فِعْلُهَا فِيهِ أَوْلَى.
He-asws said: ‘No, and when there does not happen to be a specified limit between the two, the time of Al-Asr would be when one is free from Al-Zohr, therefore doing it during it would be foremost’’.
رَوَاهَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ وَهْبٍ وَ مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ مَيْسَرَةَ وَ أَبُو خَدِيجَةَ وَ الْمُفَضَّلُ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَ ذَرِيحٌ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص يُصَلِّي الظُّهْرَ عَلَى ذِرَاعٍ وَ الْعَصْرَ عَلَى نَحْوِ ذَلِكَ.
It is reported by Muawiya Bin Wahb, and Muawiya Bin Maysara, and Abu Khadeeja, and Al-Mufazzal Bin Umar, and Zareeh, from Abu Abdullah-asws, and from Al-Halby, from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww had prayed Al-Zohr Salat upon a cubit (decline of shadow of sun), and Al-Asr upon approximately that’.
عَمْرُو بْنُ حُرَيْثٍ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع وَ سَأَلَهُ عَنْ صَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ص يُصَلِّي ثَمَانِيَ رَكَعَاتِ الزَّوَالِ ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي الْأَرْبَعَ الْأُولَى وَ ثَمَانِيَ بَعْدَهَا وَ أَرْبَعاً الْعَصْرَ وَ ثَلَاثاً الْمَغْرِبَ وَ أَرْبَعاً بَعْدَهَا وَ الْعِشَاءَ أَرْبَعاً وَ ثَمَانِيَ اللَّيْلَ وَ ثَلَاثاً الْوَتْرَ وَ رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ وَ الْغَدَاةَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ.
Amro Bin Hureys, from Al-Sadiq-asws, and he had asked him-asws about Salat of Rasool-Allah‑saww. He-asws said: ‘The Prophet-saww used to pray eight Cycles Salat at the midday, then he-saww prayed the first four (of Al-Zohr), and eight (Cycles) after it, and four of Al-Asr, and three of Al-Maghrib, and four (Cycles) after it, and Al-Isha four, and eight of the night, and three Al-Witr, and two Cycles of Al-Fajr, and the morning two Cycles’.
و روى مالك أن النبي ص جمع بين الصلاتين في السفر.
And it is reported by Malik that the Prophet-saww gathered between the two Salats during the journey.
16- تَفْسِيرُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَقِمِ الصَّلاةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ قَالَ دُلُوكُهَا زَوَالُهَا وَ غَسَقُ اللَّيْلِ انْتِصَافُهُ
Tafseer Ali Bin Ibrahim – Establish the Salat (from) the decline of the sun (midday) [17:78]. He said, ‘It’s going down is its decline, and dust of the night is its halfway point.
وَ قُرْآنُ الْفَجْرِ صَلَاةُ الْغَدَاةِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كانَ مَشْهُوداً قَالَ تَشْهَدُهُ مَلَائِكَةُ اللَّيْلِ وَ مَلَائِكَةُ النَّهَارِ
And recitation at the dawn of the morning Salat, Surely the recitation at dawn was always witnessed [17:78]. He said, ‘It is witnessed by Angels of the night and Angels of the day’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ وَ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَتَهَجَّدْ بِهِ نافِلَةً لَكَ قَالَ صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ وَ قَالَ سَبَبُ النُّورِ فِي الْقِيَامَةِ الصَّلَاةُ فِي جَوْفِ اللَّيْلِ.
Then He-azwj Said: And from the night, so keep vigil by it, [17:79]. He said, ‘The night Salat’. And he said, ‘The cause of Noor (light) during the Qiyamah is the Salat in the middle of the night’’.[262] (Not a Hadeeth)
17- الْعِلَلُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- إِنَّ الصَّلاةَ كانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتاباً مَوْقُوتاً
(The book) ‘Al Ilal’ – from Muhammad Bin Al-Hassan Bin Al Waleed, from Al Husayn Bin Al-Hassan Bin Aban, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Al Nazr Bin Suweyd, from Musa Bin Bakr, from Zurara,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws regarding Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Surely the Salat was always a timed Ordinance for the Momineen [4:103].
قَالَ مُوجَباً إِنَّمَا يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ وُجُوبَهَا عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ لَوْ كَانَتْ كَمَا يَقُولُونَ لَهَلَكَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ حِينَ أَخَّرَ الصَّلَاةَ حَتَّى تَوارَتْ بِالْحِجابِ لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ صَلَّاهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَغِيبَ كَانَ وَقْتاً وَ لَيْسَ صَلَاةٌ أَطْوَلَ وَقْتاً مِنَ الْعَصْرِ.
He-asws said in answer: ‘But rather He-azwj Meant by that its aspects upon the Momineen, and had it been like what they (Muslims) are saying, Suleyman Bin Dawood-as would have been destroyed when he-as delayed the Salat, until it (sun) disappeared in the veil [38:32], because had he-as prayed before sunset, there would have been time, and there isn’t any Salat of longer duration than Al-Asr’’.[263]
توضيح مَا رُوِيَ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ دَاوُدَ ع عُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ بِالْعَشِيِّ الْخَيْلُ فَاشْتَغَلَ بِالنَّظَرِ إِلَيْهَا حَتَّى تَوَارَتِ الشَّمْسُ بِالْحِجَابِ فَقَالَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ رُدُّوا الشَّمْسَ عَلَيَّ حَتَّى أُصَلِّيَ صَلَاتِي فِي وَقْتِهَا
Clarification (Hadeeth only) – What is reported from Al-Sadiq-asws having said: ‘Suleyman Bin Dawood-as, one day horses were displayed to him-as in the afternoon. He-as became pre-occupied with the looking at them until the sun had set behind the veil. He-as said to the Angels: ‘Return the sun unto me-as until I-as pray my-as Salat in its time!’
فَرَدُّوهَا فَقَامَ فَطَفِقَ فَمَسَحَ سَاقَيْهِ وَ عُنُقَهُ وَ أَمَرَ أَصْحَابَهُ الَّذِينَ فَاتَتْهُمُ الصَّلَاةُ مَعَهُ بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ وَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ وُضُوءَهُمْ لِلصَّلَاةِ ثُمَّ قَامَ فَصَلَّى فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ غَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَ طَلَعَتِ النُّجُومُ
They returned it. He-as stood up and did so. He-as wiped his-as legs and his-as neck, and instructed his-as companions, those whose Salat had been missed with him-as with (doing) similar to that, and that was their Wud’u for the Salat. Then he-as prayed and prayed Salat. When he-as was free, the sun disappeared and the stars emerged.
وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ وَهَبْنا لِداوُدَ سُلَيْمانَ نِعْمَ الْعَبْدُ إِنَّهُ أَوَّابٌ- إِذْ عُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ بِالْعَشِيِّ الصَّافِناتُ الْجِيادُ- فَقالَ إِنِّي أَحْبَبْتُ حُبَّ الْخَيْرِ عَنْ ذِكْرِ رَبِّي حَتَّى تَوارَتْ بِالْحِجابِ- رُدُّوها عَلَيَّ فَطَفِقَ مَسْحاً بِالسُّوقِ وَ الْأَعْناقِ.
And that is Word of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: And We Granted Suleyman to Dawood, the excellent servant. He was penitent [38:30] When there were displayed to him in the evening, the well-bred steeds [38:31] So he said: ‘I loved the love of good things from the Zikr of my Lord, until it (sun) disappeared in the veil [38:32] Return it unto me!’ Then he began to wipe the legs and the necks [38:33]’’.[264]
18- قُرْبُ الْإِسْنَادِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ صَلَّى الْفَجْرَ فِي يَوْمِ غَيْمٍ أَوْ فِي بَيْتٍ وَ أَذَّنَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ وَ قَعَدَ فَأَطَالَ الْجُلُوسَ حَتَّى شَكَّ فَلَمْ يَدْرِ هَلْ طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ أَمْ لَا فَظَنَّ أَنَّ الْمُؤَذِّنَ لَا يُؤَذِّنُ حَتَّى يَطْلُعَ الْفَجْرُ قَالَ أَجْزَأَهُ أَذَانُهُمْ.
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Isnaad’ – from Abdullah Bin Al-Hassan,
‘From his grandfather Ali son of Ja’far-asws, he said, ‘I asked him-asws about a man who prayed Salat Al-Fajr during a cloudy day, or in a house, and the Muezzin proclaims the Azaan, and he sits. The sitting prolongs until he doubts, so he does not know whether the dawn has emerged or not. He thinks that the Muezzin has not proclaimed the Azaan yet, until the dawn does emerge. He-asws said: ‘Their (Muslims) Azaan suffices him’’.[265]
بيان: رَوَاهُ الشَّهِيدُ ره فِي الذِّكْرَى قَالَ رَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي قُرَّةَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ مُوسَى ع فِي الرَّجُلِ يَسْمَعُ الْأَذَانَ فَيُصَلِّي الْفَجْرَ وَ لَا يَدْرِي أَ طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ أَمْ لَا غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ يَظُنُّ لِمَكَانِ الْأَذَانِ أَنَّهُ طَلَعَ قَالَ لَا يُجْزِيهِ حَتَّى يَعْلَمَ أَنَّهُ طَلَعَ.
Explanation (Hadeeth only) – It is reported in ‘Al-Zikra’, he said, ‘It is reported by Ibn Abu Qurrah, by his chain to Ali son of Ja’far-asws, from his brother-asws Musa-asws regarding the man who hears the Azaan, so he prays Al-Fajr Salat and he does not know whether the dawn has emerged or not, apart from that he things due to the place of the Azaan, that it has emerged. He-asws said: ‘It does not suffice him until he known that it has emerged’’.
19- الذِّكْرَى، قَالَ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنْ أَدْرَكَ رَكْعَةً مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ فَقَدْ أَدْرَكَ الصَّلَاةَ.
(The book) ‘Al Zikra’ –
He said, ‘It is reported from the Prophet-saww having said: ‘One who achieves one Cycles from the Salat, so he has achieved the Salat’’.[266]
قَالَ وَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع مَنْ أَدْرَكَ رَكْعَةً مِنَ الْعَصْرِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَغْرُبَ الشَّمْسُ فَقَدْ أَدْرَكَ الْعَصْرَ.
He said, ‘And from Ali-asws: ‘One who achieves one Cycles from Al-Asr before the sun sets, so he has achieved Al-Asr (Salat)’’.[267]
20- دَعَائِمُ الْإِسْلَامِ، عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا مَنْ صَلَّى صَلَاةً قَبْلَ وَقْتِهَا لَمْ تُجْزِهِ وَ عَلَيْهِ الْإِعَادَةُ كَمَا أَنَّ رَجُلًا لَوْ صَامَ شَعْبَانَ لَمْ يُجْزِهِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ.
(The book) ‘Da’aim Al Islam’ –
‘From Amir Al-Momineen-asws, and Abu Ja’far-asws, and Abu Abdullah-asws, may the Salawaat of Allah-azwj be upon them-asws, said: ‘One who prays Salat before its time, it would not suffice him, and upon him is the repeating just as if a man were to fast (month of) Shaban, it would not suffice him from (month of) Ramazan’’.[268]
وَ رُوِّينَا عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع أَنَّهُ رَخَّصَ فِي الْجَمْعِ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَ الْعَصْرِ وَ بَيْنَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ الْعِشَاءِ فِي السَّفَرِ وَ فِي مَسَاجِدِ الْجَمَاعَةِ فِي الْحَضَرِ إِذَا كَانَ عُذْرٌ مِنْ مَطَرٍ أَوْ ظُلْمَةٍ
And we are reporting from Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, he-asws allowed regarding gathering between the two Salats, between Al-Zohr and Al-Asr, and between Al-Maghrib and Al-Isha during the journey, and in Masjids of the congregations during the staying, when there were to be an excuse, from rain or darkness.
يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ بِأَذَانٍ وَاحِدٍ وَ إِقَامَتَيْنِ يُؤَخِّرُ وَ يُصَلِّي الْأُولَى فِي آخِرِ وَقْتِهَا وَ الثَّانِيَةَ فِي أَوَّلِ وَقْتِهَا وَ إِنْ صَلَّاهُمَا جَمِيعاً فِي وَقْتِ الْأُولَى مِنْهُمَا أَوْ فِي وَقْتِ الْآخِرَةِ مِنْهُمَا أَجْزَأَهُ ذَلِكَ إِذَا جَمَعَهُمَا.
He can gather between the two Salats by one Azaan and two Iqama(s). He can delay and pray the first at the end of its timing, and the second in the beginning of its timing, and if he were to pray them both together in the timing of the first from the two, or in the end of the last from the two, that would suffice him when he gathers them both’’.[269]
21- أَرْبَعِينُ الشَّهِيدِ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الصَّدُوقِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ وَهْبٍ أَوْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع قَالَ: أَتَى جَبْرَئِيلُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص بِمَوَاقِيتِ الصَّلَاةِ فَأَتَاهُ حِينَ زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَأَمَرَهُ فَصَلَّى الظُّهْرَ ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ حِينَ زَادَ الظِّلُّ قَامَةً فَأَمَرَهُ فَصَلَّى الْعَصْرَ
(The book) ‘Arbaeen’ of the sheykh, by his chain from Al Sadouq, from his father, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Hammad, from Muawiya Bin Wahb, or Muawiya Bin Ammar,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws having said: ‘Jibraeel-as came to Rasool-Allah-saww at the timings of the Salat. He-as came to him-saww when the sun declined (midday) and instructed him-saww to pray Al-Zohr Salat. Then he-as came to him-saww when the shadow increased and instructed him-saww to pray Al-Asr.
ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ حِينَ غَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَأَمَرَهُ فَصَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ حِينَ سَقَطَ الشَّفَقُ فَأَمَرَهُ فَصَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ
Then he-as came to him-saww when the sun had set and instructed him-saww to pray Al-Maghrib. Then he-as came to him-saww when the twilight fell and instructed him-saww to pray Al-Isha.
ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ حِينَ طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ فَأَمَرَهُ فَصَلَّى الصُّبْحَ ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ الْغَدَاةُ حِينَ زَادَ الظِّلُّ قَامَةً فَأَمَرَهُ فَصَلَّى الظُّهْرَ
Then came to him-saww when the dawn emerged and instructed him to pray the morning Salat. Then he-as came to him-saww in the morning when the shadow increases to a stature and instructed him-saww, so he-saww prayed Al-Zohr.
ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ حِينَ زَادَ الظِّلُّ قَامَتَيْنِ فَأَمَرَهُ فَصَلَّى الْعَصْرَ ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ حِينَ غَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَأَمَرَهُ فَصَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ
Then he-as came to him-saww when the shadow increased to two statures and instructed him‑saww to pray Al-Asr. Then he-as came to him-saww when the sun had set and instructed him to pray Al-Maghrib.
ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ حِينَ ذَهَبَ ثُلُثُ اللَّيْلِ فَأَمَرَهُ فَصَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ حِينَ نَوَّرَ الصُّبْحُ فَأَمَرَهُ فَصَلَّى الصُّبْحَ
Then he-saww came to him-saww when a third of the night had gone and instructed him-saww, to pray Al-Isha. Then he-as came to him when the morning had irradiated and instructed him to prayed the morning’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا وَقْتٌ.
Then he-asws said: ‘There is no time between the two’’.[270]
22- الْعِلَلُ، وَ الْعُيُونُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبْدُوسٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قُتَيْبَةَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ فِيمَا رَوَاهُ مِنَ الْعِلَلِ عَنِ الرِّضَا ع فَإِنْ قَالَ فَلِمَ جُعِلَتِ الصَّلَوَاتُ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَوْقَاتِ وَ لَمْ تُقَدَّمْ وَ لَمْ تُؤَخَّرْ
(The books) ‘Al Ilal’, and ‘Al Uyoun’ – from Abdul Wahid Bin Muhammad Bin Ubdous, from Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Quteyba, from Al Fazl Bin Shazan, among what he reported from ‘Al Ilal’,
‘From Al-Reza-asws (in an argumentation): ‘If he says, ‘Why have the Salats made to be in these timings, and why not brought forward, and not delayed (from these timings)?’
قِيلَ لِأَنَّ الْأَوْقَاتَ الْمَشْهُورَةَ الْمَعْلُومَةَ الَّتِي تَعُمُّ أَهْلَ الْأَرْضِ فَيَعْرِفُهَا الْجَاهِلُ وَ الْعَالِمُ أَرْبَعَةٌ غُرُوبُ الشَّمْسِ مَعْرُوفٌ تَجِبُ عِنْدَهُ الْمَغْرِبُ وَ سُقُوطُ الشَّفَقِ مَشْهُورٌ تَجِبُ عِنْدَهُ الْعِشَاءُ الْآخِرَةُ وَ طُلُوعُ الْفَجْرِ مَشْهُورٌ مَعْلُومٌ تَجِبُ عِنْدَهُ الْغَدَاةُ وَ زَوَالُ الشَّمْسِ مَشْهُورٌ مَعْلُومٌ تَجِبُ عِنْدَهُ الظُّهْرُ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْعَصْرِ وَقْتٌ مَعْلُومٌ مَشْهُورٌ مِثْلُ هَذِهِ الْأَوْقَاتِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ فَجُعِلَ وَقْتُهَا عِنْدَ الْفَرَاغِ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ الَّتِي قَبْلَهَا
It will be said, ‘Because the timings are famous, the well-known which includes (all) people of the earth, so the ignorant and the scholar recognises these four – setting of the sun is famous, Al-Maghrib is obligated during it; and falling of the twilight is famous, Al-Isha the last is obligated during it; and emergence of dawn is famous, well-known, the morning (Fajr) is obligated during it; and decline of the sun (midday) is famous, well-known, Al-Zohr is obligated during it, and there does not happen to be a famous, well-known time for Al-Asr like these four timings. So, its timing has been made to be at being free from the Salat which is before it (Al-Zohr).
وَ عِلَّةٌ أُخْرَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَبْدَأَ النَّاسُ فِي كُلِّ عَمَلٍ أَوَّلًا بِطَاعَتِهِ وَ عِبَادَتِهِ فَأَمَرَهُمْ أَوَّلَ النَّهَارِ أَنْ يَبْدَءُوا بِعِبَادَتِهِ ثُمَّ يَنْتَشِرُوا فِيمَا أَحَبُّوا مِنْ مَرَمَّةِ دُنْيَاهُمْ فَأَوْجَبَ صَلَاةَ الْغَدَاةِ عَلَيْهِمْ
And another reason is that Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Loves that the people should begin in every deed first by obeying Him-azwj and worshipping Him-azwj, so He-azwj Commanded them the beginning of the day they should beginning by worshipping Him-azwj. Then they should disperse regarding whatever they like to, for improving their world, so He-azwj Obligated the morning Salat upon them.
فَإِذَا كَانَ نِصْفُ النَّهَارِ وَ تَرَكُوا مَا كَانُوا فِيهِ مِنَ الشُّغُلِ وَ هُوَ وَقْتٌ يَضَعُ النَّاسُ فِيهِ ثِيَابَهُمْ وَ يَسْتَرِيحُونَ وَ يَشْتَغِلُونَ بِطَعَامِهِمْ وَ قَيْلُولَتِهِمْ فَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَبْدَءُوا أَوَّلًا بِذِكْرِهِ وَ عِبَادَتِهِ فَأَوْجَبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الظُّهْرَ ثُمَّ يَتَفَرَّغُوا لِمَا أَحَبُّوا مِنْ ذَلِكَ
When it were to be middle of the day, and they should leave whatever pre-occupation they may be in, and it is the time the people place down their clothes during it and they are resting, and they are busy with the meals and their naps, so He-azwj Commanded them to begin first with Mentioning Him-azwj and worshipping Him-azwj, so He-azwj Obligated Al-Zohr upon them. Then they are free for whatever they like from that.
فَإِذَا قَضَوْا وَطَرَهُمْ وَ أَرَادُوا الِانْتِشَارَ فِي الْعَمَلِ لِآخِرِ النَّهَارِ بَدَءُوا أَيْضاً بِعِبَادَتِهِ ثُمَّ صَارُوا إِلَى مَا أَحَبُّوا مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَأَوْجَبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْعَصْرَ ثُمَّ يَنْتَشِرُونَ فِيمَا شَاءُوا مِنْ مَرَمَّةِ دُنْيَاهُمْ
Whey they have fulfilled their wishes and intend to disperse regarding the working to end of the day, they should begin as wee with worshipping Him-azwj. Then they can come to whatever they like from that, so He-azwj Obligated Al-Asr upon them. Then they can disperse regarding whatever they so desire for improving their world.
فَإِذَا جَاءَ اللَّيْلُ وَ وَضَعُوا زِينَتَهُمْ وَ عَادُوا إِلَى أَوْطَانِهِمْ ابْتَدَءُوا أَوَّلًا بِعِبَادَةِ رَبِّهِمْ ثُمَّ يَتَفَرَّغُونَ لِمَا أَحَبُّوا مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَأَوْجَبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَغْرِبَ
When the night comes and they place down their adornments and return to their homes. They should first begin with worshipping their Lord-azwj, then they are free for whatever they like from that, so He-azwj Obligated Al-Maghrib upon them.
فَإِذَا جَاءَ وَقْتُ النَّوْمِ وَ فَرَغُوا مِمَّا كَانُوا بِهِ مُشْتَغِلِينَ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَبْدَءُوا أَوَّلًا بِعِبَادَتِهِ وَ طَاعَتِهِ ثُمَّ يَصِيرُونَ إِلَى مَا شَاءُوا أَنْ يَصِيرُوا إِلَيْهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَيَكُونُوا قَدْ بَدَءُوا فِي كُلِّ عَمَلٍ بِطَاعَتِهِ وَ عِبَادَتِهِ فَأَوْجَبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْعَتَمَةَ
When the time of sleep comes and they are free from whatever they had been busy with, it is loved that they should first begin with worshipping Him-azwj and obeying Him-azwj. Then they come to whatever they so desire to be coming to from that. They should be beginning in every work with obeying Him-azwj and worshipping Him, so He-azwj Obligated Al-Isha upon them.
فَإِذَا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ لَمْ يَنْسَوْهُ وَ لَمْ يَغْفُلُوا عَنْهُ وَ لَمْ تَقْسُ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَ لَمْ تَقِلَّ رَغْبَتُهُمْ
When they have done that, they would not forget Him-azwj and would not be heedless about Him-azwj, and their hearts would not be hard, and their desires would not reduce’.
فَإِنْ قِيلَ فَلِمَ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْعَصْرِ وَقْتٌ مَشْهُورٌ مِثْلُ تِلْكَ الْأَوْقَاتِ أَوْجَبَهَا بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ لَمْ يُوجِبْهَا بَيْنَ الْعَتَمَةِ وَ الْغَدَاةِ أَوْ بَيْنَ الْغَدَاةِ وَ الظُّهْرِ
If he says, ‘Why then there does not happen to be a famous time for Al-Asr like those timings He-azwj has Obligated between Al-Zohr, and Al-Maghrib, and did Obligate it between Al-darkness (Al-Isha) and the morning, or between the morning and Al-Zohr?’
قِيلَ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ وَقْتٌ عَلَى النَّاسِ أَخَفَّ وَ لَا أَيْسَرَ وَ لَا أَحْرَى أَنْ يَعُمَّ فِيهِ الضَّعِيفَ وَ الْقَوِيَّ بِهَذِهِ الصَّلَاةِ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَقْتِ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ النَّاسَ عَامَّتَهُمْ يَشْتَغِلُونَ فِي أَوَّلِ النَّهَارِ بِالتِّجَارَاتِ وَ الْمُعَامَلَاتِ وَ الذَّهَابِ فِي الْحَوَائِجِ وَ إِقَامَةِ الْأَسْوَاقِ
It will be said, ‘Because there isn’t any time upon the people any lighter, nor easier, nor freer than for the weak and the strong to be generalised in with these Salats than this time, and that is because the people, the generality of them are busy in the beginning of the day with the trading, and the dealings, and the going regarding the needs, and establishing the markets.
فَأَرَادَ أَنْ لَا يَشْغَلَهُمْ عَنْ طَلَبِ مَعَاشِهِمْ وَ مَصْلَحَةِ دُنْيَاهُمْ وَ لَيْسَ يَقْدِرُ الْخَلْقُ كُلُّهُمْ عَلَى قِيَامِ اللَّيْلِ وَ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ بِهِ وَ لَا يَنْتَبِهُونَ لِوَقْتِهِ لَوْ كَانَ وَاجِباً وَ لَا يُمْكِنُهُمْ ذَلِكَ
So, He-azwj Wanted that they should not be pre-occupied from seeking their livelihoods and betterment of their world, and the people, all of them are not able upon standing (for Salat) at night, and they are not aware of it, nor will they be ending to its timing if it were to have been obligatory, nor are they able upon that.
فَخَفَّفَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُمْ وَ لَمْ يَجْعَلْهَا فِي أَشَدِّ الْأَوْقَاتِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ لَكِنْ جَعَلَهَا فِي أَخَفِّ الْأَوْقَاتِ عَلَيْهِمْ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَ لا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ.
Allah-azwj the Exalted Lightened from them, and did not Make it in the hardest of the timings upon them, but He-azwj made it in the lightest of the timings upon them, just as Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: Allah Wants ease with you, and He does not Want the difficulty with you, [2:185]’’.[271]
23- فِقْهُ الرِّضَا، قَالَ ع اعْلَمْ أَنَّ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ وَقْتَيْنِ أَوَّلٌ وَ آخِرٌ فَأَوَّلُ الْوَقْتِ رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ وَ آخِرُهُ عَفْوُ اللَّهِ
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’ – He-asws said: ‘Know that for every Salat there are two timings, the first and the last. The first time is Satisfaction of Allah-azwj and its last is Pardon of Allah‑azwj’.
وَ نُرَوَّى أَنَّ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ ثَلَاثَةَ أَوْقَاتٍ أَوَّلٌ وَ أَوْسَطُ وَ آخِرٌ فَأَوَّلُ الْوَقْتِ رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ وَ أَوْسَطُهُ عَفْوُ اللَّهِ وَ آخِرُهُ غُفْرَانُ اللَّهِ وَ أَوَّلُ الْوَقْتِ أَفْضَلُهُ وَ لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ آخِرَ الْوَقْتِ وَقْتاً وَ إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ آخِرُ الْوَقْتِ لِلْمَرِيضِ وَ الْمُعْتَلِّ وَ لِلْمُسَافِرِ
And we are reporting that for every Salat there are three timings – the first, and the middle and the last. The first time is Satisfaction of Allah-azwj, and its middle is Pardon of Allah-azwj, and its last is Forgiveness of Allah-azwj, and the first timing is it’s best, and it isn’t for anyone that he takes last of the timings as a time, and rather last of the timings has been made to be for the sick, and the disabled, and for the traveller’.
وَ قَالَ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ قَدْ يُصَلِّي فِي وَقْتٍ وَ مَا فَاتَهُ مِنَ الْوَقْتِ خَيْرٌ لَهُ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَ مَالِهِ
And he-asws said: ‘The man praying Salat in time, and whatever had been missed by him from the time, is better for him that his family and his wealth’.
وَ قَالَ إِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ فُتِحَتْ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ فَلَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يَسْبِقَنِي أَحَدٌ بِالْعَمَلِ لِأَنِّي أُحِبُّ أَنْ تَكُونَ صَحِيفَتِي أَوَّلَ صَحِيفَةٍ يُرْفَعُ فِيهَا الْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ
And he-asws said: ‘When the sun declines (midday), doors of the sky are opened, so I-asws do not like it that anyone should precede me-asws with the (good) deed, because I-asws love my-asws book (register of deeds) to be the first book the righteous deed to be raised in it’.
وَ قَالَ مَا يَأْمَنُ أَحَدُكُمُ الْحَدَثَانَ فِي تَرْكِ الصَّلَاةِ وَ قَدْ دَخَلَ وَقْتُهَا وَ هُوَ فَارِغٌ
And he-asws said: ‘And not one of you is safe from the two events regarding neglecting the Salat, and it’s times has entered and he is free’.
وَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَلى صَلاتِهِمْ يُحافِظُونَ قَالَ يُحَافِظُونَ عَلَى الْمَوَاقِيتِ
And Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: And those who are preserving upon their Salats [70:34]. He-asws said: ‘They are preserving upon the timings’.
وَ قَالَ الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَلى صَلاتِهِمْ دائِمُونَ قَالَ يَدُومُونَ عَلَى أَدَاءِ الْفَرَائِضِ وَ النَّوَافِلِ فَإِنْ فَاتَهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ قَضَوْا بِالنَّهَارِ وَ إِنْ فَاتَهُمْ بِالنَّهَارِ قَضَوْا بِاللَّيْلِ
And Said: Those who are constant upon their Salat [70:23]. He-asws said: ‘They are being constant upon fulfilling the obligatory and the optional (Salats). If they miss at night, they fulfil it at daytime, and if they miss it at daytime, they fulfil at night’.
وَ قَالَ أَنْتُمْ رُعَاةُ الشَّمْسِ وَ النُّجُومِ وَ مَا أَحَدٌ يُصَلِّي صَلَاتَيْنِ وَ لَا يُؤْجَرُ أَجْرَيْنِ غَيْرُكُمْ لَكُمْ أَجْرٌ فِي السِّرِّ وَ أَجْرٌ فِي الْعَلَانِيَةِ.
And he-asws said: ‘You (Shias) are care-takers of the sun and the stars, and there is no one praying two Salats, nor being Recompensed two Rewards apart from you (Shias). For you there is a Reward regarding the secret (Taqiyyah), and a Reward regarding the open (announced)’’.[272]
بيان: قوله ع أنتم رعاة الشمس و النجوم رعاية النجوم لمعرفة أوقات الصلوات فكأنهم رعاتها كما روي عن بعض الصحابة أنه قال صرنا رعاة الشمس و القمر بعد ما كنا رعاة الإبل و الغنم و البقر.
Explanation – His-asws words: ‘You (Shias) are care-takers of the sun and the stars’ – Taking care of the stars in order to recognise the timings of the Salat. It is as if they are its care-takers, like what it reported from one of the companions having said, ‘We have become care-takers of the sun and the moon after having been care-takers (shepherds) of the camels, and the sheep and the cows’’.
24- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ع قَالَ فِي صَلَاةِ الْمَغْرِبِ فِي السَّفَرِ- لَا يَضُرُّكَ أَنْ تُؤَخِّرَ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ تُصَلِّيَهَا إِنْ أَحْبَبْتَ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ الْعِشَاءَ الْآخِرَةَ وَ إِنْ شِئْتَ مَشَيْتَ سَاعَةً إِلَى أَنْ تَغِيبَ الشَّفَقُ
Al-Ayyashi, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
‘From one of the two (5th or 6th Imam-asws), he-asws said regarding Al-Maghrib Salat during the journey: ‘It does not harm you if you were to delay for a time. If you love to pray Al-Isha the last, and if you like you can walk for a time up to disappearance of the twilight.
إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص صَلَّى صَلَاةَ الْهَاجِرَةِ وَ الْعَصْرَ جَمِيعاً وَ الْمَغْرِبَ وَ الْعِشَاءَ الْآخِرَةَ جَمِيعاً وَ كَانَ يُقَدِّمُ وَ يُؤَخِّرُ
Rasool-Allah-saww prayed the Salat Al-Haajira (Al-Zohr) and Al-Asr together, and Al-Maghrib and Al-Isha the last together, and he-saww would bring it forward and delay (within the timings).
إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَالَ- إِنَّ الصَّلاةَ كانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتاباً مَوْقُوتاً إِنَّمَا عَنَى وُجُوبَهَا عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَمْ يَعْنِ غَيْرَهُ إِنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ كَمَا يَقُولُونَ لَمْ يُصَلِّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص هَكَذَا وَ كَانَ أَعْلَمَ وَ أَخْبَرَ وَ لَوْ كَانَ خَيْراً لَأَمَرَ بِهِ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ
Allah the Exalted Said: Surely the Salat was always a timed Ordinance for the Momineen [4:103]. But rather, He-azwj Meant its obligation upon the Momineen, not Meaning anything else. Had it been like what they are saying, Rasool-Allah-saww would not have prayed like that, and he-saww was more knowing and more informed, and had it been better Muhammad-saww, Rasool-Allah-saww would have been Commanded with it.
وَ قَدْ فَاتَ النَّاسَ مَعَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يَوْمَ صِفِّينَ صَلَاةُ الظُّهْرِ وَ الْعَصْرِ وَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ فَأَمَرَهُمْ عَلِيٌّ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَكَبَّرُوا وَ هَلَّلُوا وَ سَبَّحُوا رِجَالًا وَ رُكْبَاناً لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ فَرِجالًا أَوْ رُكْباناً فَأَمَرَهُمْ عَلِيٌّ فَصَنَعُوا ذَلِكَ.
And on the day of (battle of Siffeen), the people along with Amir Al-Momineen-asws missed Al-Zohr, and Al-Asr, and Al-Maghrib, and Al-Isha Salats. Ali Amir Al-Momineen-asws instructed them, so they exclaimed Takbeer, and extolled the Oneness, and they glorified (Allah-azwj), infantry and cavalry, due to the Words of Allah-azwj: But if you are fearing, then (perform your Salat) on foot or riding; [2:239]. Ali-asws instructed them, so they did that’’.[273]
25- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَوْلُ اللَّهِ- إِنَّ الصَّلاةَ كانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتاباً مَوْقُوتاً
And from him, from Zurarah who said,
‘I said to Abu Ja’far-asws, ‘Words of Allah-azwj: Surely the Salat was always a timed Ordinance for the Momineen [4:103]’.
قَالَ يَعْنِي كِتَاباً مَفْرُوضاً وَ لَيْسَ يَعْنِي وَقْتاً وَقَّتَهَا إِنْ جَازَ ذَلِكَ الْوَقْتُ ثُمَّ صَلَّاهَا لَمْ يَكُنْ صَلَاةً مُؤَدَّاةً لَوْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ كَذَلِكَ لَهَلَكَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ حِينَ صَلَّاهَا لِغَيْرِ وَقْتِهَا وَ لَكِنَّهُ مَتَى مَا ذَكَرَهَا صَلَّاهَا.
He-asws said: ‘It means an obligatory ordinance, and it doesn’t mean a timing ordinance. If that time is exceeded, then you pray it, it would not have been fulfilled. Had it been like that, Suleyman-as Bin Dawood-as would have been destroyed when he-saww prayed it to other than its timing, but when he-as remembered it, he-as prayed it’’.[274]
26- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ إِنَّ الصَّلاةَ كانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتاباً مَوْقُوتاً قَالَ لَوْ كَانَتْ مَوْقُوتاً كَمَا يَقُولُونَ لَهَلَكَ النَّاسُ وَ لَكَانَ الْأَمْرُ ضَيِّقاً وَ لَكِنَّهَا كَانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَكِتَاباً مَوْجُوباً.
Al Ayyashi – from Mansour Bin Hazim who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws and he-asws was saying: Surely the Salat was always a timed Ordinance for the Momineen [4:103]. He-asws said: ‘Had it been timing like what they are saying, the people would have been destroyed, and the matter would have been restrictive, but upon the Momineen it would be an obligatory ordinance’’.[275]
27- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ- إِنَّ الصَّلاةَ كانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتاباً مَوْقُوتاً فَقَالَ إِنَّ لِلصَّلَاةِ وَقْتاً وَ الْأَمْرُ فِيهِ وَاسِعٌ يُقَدَّمُ مَرَّةً وَ يُؤَخَّرُ مَرَّةً إِلَّا الْجُمُعَةَ فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ وَقْتٌ وَاحِدٌ وَ إِنَّمَا عَنَى اللَّهُ كِتاباً مَوْقُوتاً أَيْ وَاجِباً يَعْنِي بِهَا أَنَّهَا الْفَرِيضَةُ.
And from him, from Zurarah who said,
‘I asked Abu Ja’far-asws about this Verse: Surely the Salat was always a timed Ordinance for the Momineen [4:103]. He-asws said: ‘For the Salat, and the Command regarding it is capacious. It can be brought forward at times and delayed at times, except the Friday, for rather it is one timing, and rather Allah-azwj has Meant by timed Ordinance, i.e., obligatory, meaning by it, it is an Imposition’’.[276]
28- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع إِنَّ الصَّلاةَ كانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتاباً مَوْقُوتاً قَالَ لَوْ عَنَى أَنَّهَا فِي وَقْتٍ لَا تُقْبَلُ إِلَّا فِيهِ كَانَتْ مُصِيبَةً وَ لَكِنْ مَتَى أَدَّيْتَهَا فَقَدْ أَدَّيْتَهَا.
And from him, from Zurara,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws: Surely the Salat was always a timed Ordinance for the Momineen [4:103]. He-asws said: ‘Had He-azwj Meant it is regarding time, not being Accepted except during it, it would have been difficult, but whenever you fulfil it, so you have fulfilled it’’.[277]
29- وَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ- إِنَّ الصَّلاةَ كانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتاباً مَوْقُوتاً قَالَ إِنَّمَا يَعْنِي وُجُوبَهَا عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ لَوْ كَانَ كَمَا يَقُولُونَ إِذاً لَهَلَكَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ ع حِينَ قَالَ حَتَّى تَوارَتْ بِالْحِجابِ لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ صَلَّاهَا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ كَانَتْ فِي وَقْتٍ وَ لَيْسَ صَلَاةٌ أَطْوَلَ وَقْتاً مِنْ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ.
And in another report from Zurarah,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I heard him-asws saying: Surely the Salat was always a timed Ordinance for the Momineen [4:103]. He-asws said: ‘But rather He-azwj Meant its obligation upon the Momineen, and had it been like what they are saying, then Suleyman Bin Dawood-as would have been destroyed when he-as said: until it (sun) disappeared in the veil [38:32], because had he-as prayed it before that, it would have been within time, and there isn’t any Salat longer than Al-Asr Salat’’.[278]
30- وَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ- إِنَّ الصَّلاةَ كانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتاباً مَوْقُوتاً فَقَالَ يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ وُجُوبَهَا عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ لَيْسَ لَهَا وَقْتٌ مَنْ تَرَكَهُ أَفْرَطَ الصَّلَاةَ وَ لَكِنْ لَهَا تَضْيِيعٌ.
And in another report from Zurarah,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws regarding Words of Allah-azwj: Surely the Salat was always a timed Ordinance for the Momineen [4:103]. He-azwj Meant by it, its obligation upon the Momineen, and there isn’t any time for it, one who neglects it, the Salat is lost, but there is a wastage for it’’.[279]
31- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ عَوَّاضٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَالَ- إِنَّ الصَّلاةَ كانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتاباً مَوْقُوتاً قَالَ إِنَّمَا عَنَى وُجُوبَهَا عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ لَمْ يَعْنِ غَيْرَهُ.
And from him, from Abdul Hameed Bin Awwaz,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj Said: Surely the Salat was always a timed Ordinance for the Momineen [4:103]. He-asws said: ‘But rather He-azwj Meant its obligation upon the Momineen, and He-azwj did not Mean anything else’’.[280]
32- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع أَوْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ- إِنَّ الصَّلاةَ كانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتاباً مَوْقُوتاً قَالَ كِتَابٌ وَاجِبٌ أَمَا إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِثْلَ وَقْتِ الْحَجِّ وَ لَا رَمَضَانَ إِذَا فَاتَكَ فَقَدْ فَاتَكَ وَ إِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ إِذَا صَلَّيْتَ فَقَدْ صَلَّيْتَ.
And from him, from Ubeyd,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws or Abu Abdullah-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I asked him-asws about Words of Allah-azwj: Surely the Salat was always a timed Ordinance for the Momineen [4:103]. He‑asws said: ‘An obligatory ordinance. But, it isn’t like the Hajj nor (month) if Ramazan, when you miss it so you have missed it, and the Salat is such, when you pray it, so you have prayed it’’.[281]
33- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ عَنِ الْعَمْرَكِيِّ عَنِ الْعُبَيْدِيِّ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع قَالَ: لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ وَقْتَانِ وَ وَقْتُ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ زَوَالُ الشَّمْسِ
And from him, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad, from Ahmad, from Al Amraky, from Al Ubeydi, from Yunus,
‘From Ali son of Ja’far-asws, from Abu Ibrahim-asws (7th Imam-asws) having said: ‘For every Salat there are two times, and time of the day of Friday is decline of the sun (midday)’.
ثُمَّ تَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ- الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ وَ جَعَلَ الظُّلُماتِ وَ النُّورَ ثُمَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِرَبِّهِمْ يَعْدِلُونَ قَالَ يَعْدِلُونَ بَيْنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ وَ النُّورِ وَ بَيْنَ الْجَوْرِ وَ الْعَدْلِ.
Then he-asws recited this Verse: The Praise is for Allah Who Created the skies and the earth, and Made the darkness and the Light; then (how come) those who are committing Kufr are setting up equals with their Lord [6:1]. He-asws said: ‘They are equating between the darkness(es) and the light, and between the tyranny and the justice’’.[282]
34- السَّرَائِرُ، مِنْ كِتَابِ حَرِيزٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع اعْلَمْ أَنَّ أَوَّلَ الْوَقْتِ أَبَداً أَفْضَلُ فَعَجِّلِ الْخَيْرَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتَ وَ أَحَبُّ الْأَعْمَالِ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى ذِكْرُهُ مَا دَامَ عَلَيْهِ الْعَبْدُ وَ إِنْ قَلَ.
(The book) ‘Al Saraair’ – from the book of Hareyz who said,
‘Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘Know that the first timing is always better, therefore hasten the good deed whatever you can, and the most Beloved of the deeds to Allah-azwj, Exalted is His-azwj Mention, is what the servant is constant upon, and even if it were to be little’’.[283]
35- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ، عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَمَّا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الصَّلَوَاتِ قَالَ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ
(The book) ‘Al Ayyashi’ – from Zurarah,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I asked him-asws about what Salats Allah-azwj had Imposed. He-asws said: ‘Five Salats during the night and the day’.
قُلْتُ سَمَّاهُنَّ اللَّهُ وَ بَيَّنَهُنَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ
I said, ‘Has Allah-azwj Named these and Explained these in His-azwj Book?’
قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ اللَّهُ لِنَبِيِّهِ ص أَقِمِ الصَّلاةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ وَ دُلُوكُهَا زَوَالُهَا فِيمَا بَيْنَ دُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ أَرْبَعُ صَلَوَاتٍ سَمَّاهُنَّ وَ بَيَّنَهُنَّ وَ وَقَّتَهُنَّ وَ غَسَقُ اللَّيْلِ انْتِصَافُهُ
He-asws said: ‘Yes. Allah-azwj Said to His-azwj Prophet-saww: ‘Establish the Salat (from) the decline of the sun (midday) to the darkness of the night, [17:78], and its going down its decline. In what is between decline of the sun to darkness of the night there are four Salat. He-azwj has Named these, and Timed these; and darkness of the night is it’s halfway point.
وَ قَالَ وَ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كانَ مَشْهُوداً هَذِهِ الْخَامِسَةُ.
And He-azwj Said: and recitation at dawn. Surely the recitation at dawn was always witnessed [17:78]. This is the fifth’’.[284]
36- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ أَقِمِ الصَّلاةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ قَالَ دُلُوكُ الشَّمْسِ زَوَالُهَا عِنْدَ كَبِدِ السَّمَاءِ- إِلى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ إِلَى انْتِصَافِ اللَّيْلِ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمَا أَرْبَعَ صَلَوَاتٍ الظُّهْرَ وَ الْعَصْرَ وَ الْمَغْرِبَ وَ الْعِشَاءَ
And from him, from Zurarah who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about this Verse: Establish the Salat (from) the decline of the sun (midday) to the darkness of the night, [17:78]. He-asws said: ‘Going down of the sun is its decline in the middle of the sky – to the darkness of the night, [17:78] – to middle of the night. Allah-azwj has Obligated four Salats in what is between the two – Al-Zohr, and Al-Asr, and Al-Maghrib, and Al-Isha’.
– وَ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ يَعْنِي الْقِرَاءَةَ
and (Quran) recitation at dawn. He-asws said: ‘Meaning the recitation.
– إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كانَ مَشْهُوداً قَالَ يَجْتَمِعُ فِي صَلَاةِ الْغَدَاةِ حَرَسُ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ
Surely the recitation at dawn was always witnessed [17:78]. He-asws said: ‘Guards from the Angels of the night and the day gather in the morning Salat’.
قَالَ وَ إِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَقَدْ دَخَلَ وَقْتُ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ لَيْسَ نَفْلٌ إِلَّا السُّبْحَةَ الَّتِي جَرَتْ بِهَا السُّنَّةُ أَمَامَهَا
He-asws said: ‘And when the sun declines (midday), so the time of the two Salats has entered. There isn’t any optional except the glorification which the Sunnah has flowed with in front of it’.
– قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ قَالَ رَكْعَتَانِ الْفَجْرِ وَ وَضَعَهُنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ وَقَّتَهُنَّ لِلنَّاسِ.
and (Quran) recitation at dawn – he-asws said: ‘Two Cycles of Al-Fajr, and Rasool-Allah-saww had placed these and timed these for the people’’.[285]
37- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ أَقِمِ الصَّلاةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ قَالَ زَوَالُهَا إِلى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ إِلَى نِصْفِ اللَّيْلِ ذَلِكَ أَرْبَعُ صَلَوَاتٍ وَضَعَهُنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ وَقَّتَهُنَّ لِلنَّاسِ- وَ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ صَلَاةُ الْغَدَاةِ.
And from him, from Zurarah,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws regarding Words of Allah-azwj: Establish the Salat (from) the decline of the sun (midday) to the darkness of the night, [17:78]. He-asws said: ‘to the darkness of the night, [17:78] is to halfway of the night. That is four Salat Rasool-Allah-saww had placed these and timed these for the people – and (Quran) recitation at dawn – the morning Salat’’.[286]
وَ قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ الْحَلَبِيُّ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا وَ غَسَقُ اللَّيْلِ نِصْفُهَا بَلْ زَوَالُهَا وَ قَالَ أُفْرِدَ الْغَدَاةُ وَ قَالَ وَ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كانَ مَشْهُوداً فَرَكْعَتَا الْفَجْرِ يَحْضُرُهُمَا الْمَلَائِكَةُ مَلَائِكَةُ اللَّيْلِ وَ مَلَائِكَةُ النَّهَارِ.
And Muhammad Al-Halby said from one of the two (5th or 6th Imam-asws): And darkness of the night, [17:78] is its halfway, but it’s decline’. And he-asws said: ‘Individualise the morning’. And said: ‘and (Quran) recitation at dawn, Surely the recitation at dawn was always witnessed [17:78]. Two Cycles of Fajr, the Angels attend these, Angels of the night and Angels of the day’’.[287]
38- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْأَعْرَجِ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ هُوَ مُغْضَبٌ وَ عِنْدَهُ نَفَرٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ تُصَلُّونَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَزُولَ الشَّمْسُ
And from him, from Saeed Al A’raj who said,
‘I entered to see Abu Abdullah-asws and he-asws was angry, and in his-asws presence were a number of our companions, and he-asws was saying: ‘You are praying Salat before decline of the sun (midday)!’
قَالَ وَ هُمْ سُكُوتٌ
He (the narrator) said, ‘And they were silent’.
قَالَ فَقُلْتُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ مَا نُصَلِّي حَتَّى يُؤَذِّنَ مُؤَذِّنُ مَكَّةَ
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘May Allah-azwj Keep you-asws well! We don’t pray until the Muezzin of Makkah proclaims Azaan!’
قَالَ فَلَا بَأْسَ أَمَا إِنَّهُ إِذَا أَذَّنَ فَقَدْ زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ
He-asws said: ‘There is no problem. But, when he has proclaimed Azaan, so the sun has (started to) decline’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ أَقِمِ الصَّلاةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ فَقَدْ دَخَلَتْ أَرْبَعُ صَلَوَاتٍ فِيمَا بَيْنَ هَذَيْنِ الْوَقْتَيْنِ وَ أَفْرَدَ صَلَاةَ الْفَجْرِ فَقَالَ وَ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كانَ مَشْهُوداً فَمَنْ صَلَّى قَبْلَ أَنْ تَزُولَ الشَّمْسُ فَلَا صَلَاةَ لَهُ.
Then he-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Says: Establish the Salat (from) the decline of the sun (midday) to the darkness of the night, [17:78]. Four Salats are included in what is between these two timings, and Al-Fajr Salat is individual, so He-azwj Said: ‘and (Quran) recitation at dawn, Surely the recitation at dawn was always witnessed [17:78]. The one who prays Salat before decline of the sun, there is no Salat for him’’.[288]
بيان: النَّبِيِّ ص الْمُؤَذِّنُونَ أُمَنَاءُ.
Explanation (Ahadeeth only) – The Prophet-saww said: ‘The Muezzins are trustees’’.
وَ رَوَى الشَّيْخُ عَنْ ذَرِيحٍ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع صَلِّ الْجُمُعَةَ بِأَذَانِ هَؤُلَاءِ فَإِنَّهُمْ أَشَدُّ شَيْءٍ مُوَاظَبَةً عَلَى الْوَقْتِ.
And it is reported by the sheykh, from Zareeh who said, ‘Abu Abdullah-asws said to me: ‘Pray the Friday Salat with their Azaan, for they are the most exact of things upon the time’’.
وَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْقَسْرِيِّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَخَافُ أَنْ نَكُونَ نُصَلِّي الْجُمُعَةَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَزُولَ الشَّمْسُ قَالَ إِنَّمَا ذَاكَ عَلَى الْمُؤَذِّنِينَ.
And from Muhammad Bin Khalid Al-Qarsy who said, ‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘I am fearing that we are praying the Friday Salat before decline of the sun (midday)!’ He-asws said: ‘But rather, that is up to the Muezzins’’.
39- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ، عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَ حُمْرَانَ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ قَوْلِهِ أَقِمِ الصَّلاةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ قَالَ جُمِعَتِ الصَّلَاةُ كُلُّهُنَّ وَ دُلُوكُ الشَّمْسِ زَوَالُهَا وَ غَسَقُ اللَّيْلِ انْتِصَافُهُ
(The book) ‘Al Ayyashi’ – from Zurara and Humran and Muhammad Bin Muslim,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws and Abu Abdullah-asws about His-azwj Words: Establish the Salat (from) the decline of the sun (midday) to the darkness of the night, [17:78]. He-asws said: ‘All of the Salats have been gathered, and going down of the sun is it’s decline, and darkness of the night is it’s halfway.
وَ قَالَ إِنَّهُ يُنَادِي مُنَادٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ إِذَا انْتَصَفَ اللَّيْلُ مَنْ رَقَدَ عَنْ صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ إِلَى هَذِهِ السَّاعَةِ فَلَا نَامَتْ عَيْنَاهُ-
And he-asws said: ‘A caller calls out from the sky every night when it is midnight: ‘One who sleeps from Al-Isha Salat up to this time, may his eyes not sleep!’’
وَ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ قَالَ صَلَاةُ الصُّبْحِ
and (Quran) recitation at dawn, – he-asws said: ‘The morning Salat’.
وَ أَمَّا قَوْلُهُ كانَ مَشْهُوداً قَالَ تَحْضُرُهُ مَلَائِكَةُ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ.
And as for His-azwj Words: was always witnessed [17:78], he-asws said: ‘It is attended by Angels of the night and the day’’.[289]
40- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ أَقِمِ الصَّلاةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ
And from him, from Ubeyd Bin Zurarah,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws regarding Words of Allah-azwj: Establish the Salat (from) the decline of the sun (midday) to the darkness of the night, [17:78].
قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ افْتَرَضَ أَرْبَعَ صَلَوَاتٍ أَوَّلُ وَقْتِهَا مِنْ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَى انْتِصَافِ اللَّيْلِ مِنْهَا صَلَاتَانِ أَوَّلُ وَقْتِهِمَا مِنْ عِنْدِ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَى غُرُوبِهَا إِلَّا أَنَّ هَذِهِ قَبْلَ هَذِهِ وَ مِنْهَا صَلَاتَانِ أَوَّلُ وَقْتِهِمَا مِنْ غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَى انْتِصَافِ اللَّيْلِ إِلَّا أَنَّ هَذِهِ قَبْلَ هَذِهِ.
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj has Imposed four Salats at the beginning of its timings, from decline of the sun (midday) to midnight. From these are two Salats at the beginning of their timings from decline of the sun (midday) to its setting, except that this is before this; and from these are two Salat in the beginning of its timings, from setting of the sun to midnight, except that this one is before this one’’.[290]
بيان: في رواية ابن فرقد عن بعض أصحابنا عن أبي عبد الله ع قال إذا زالت الشمس دخل وقت الظهر فإذا مضى قدر أربع ركعات دخل وقت الظهر و العصر حتى يبقى من الشمس مقدار ما يصلى أربع ركعات فإذا بقي مقدار ذلك فقد خرج وقت الظهر و بقي وقت العصر حتى تغيب الشمس.
Explanation (Hadeeth) only – In a report of Ibn Farqad, from one of our companions, ‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When the sun declines (midday), the time of Al-Zohr has entered. When there passes by a measurement of four Cycles, the time of Al-Zohr and Al-Asr has entered until there remains from the sun a measurement of what one can pray four Cycles (during it). When a measurement of that remains, so the time of Al-Zohr has exited and there remains time of Al Asr until the sun sets’’.
41- الْعَيَّاشِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ الْخَادِمِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْمَاضِي ع قَالَ: مَا بَيْنَ غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَى سُقُوطِ الْقُرْصِ غَسَقٌ.
(The book) ‘Al Ayyashi’ – from Abu Hashim Al Khadim,
‘From Abu Al-Hassan Al-Maazy-asws (7th Imam-asws) having said: ‘What is between setting of the sun up to the fall of the disc (sun), is dusk’’.[291]
42- إِخْتِيَارُ الرِّجَالِ لِلْكَشِّيِّ، عَنْ حَمْدَوَيْهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: كُنْتُ قَاعِداً عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَنَا وَ حُمْرَانُ فَقَالَ لَهُ حُمْرَانُ مَا تَقُولُ فِيمَا يَقُولُ زُرَارَةُ فَقَدْ خَالَفْتُهُ فِيهِ
(The book) ‘Ikhtiyar Al Rijaal’ of Al Kashi – from Hamdawiya, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Muhammad Bin Abu Umeyr, from Umar Bin Uzina, from Zurara who said,
‘I was seated in the presence of Abu Abdullah-asws, me and Humran. Humran said to him-asws, ‘What are you-asws saying regarding what Zurara is saying, for he has differed from him regarding it?’
قَالَ فَمَا هُوَ
He-asws said: ‘What is it?’
قَالَ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ مَوَاقِيتَ الصَّلَاةِ مُفَوَّضَةٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ هُوَ الَّذِي وَضَعَهَا
He said, ‘He claims that timings of the Salat were delegated to Rasool-Allah-azwj, and he-saww is the one who placed these’.
قَالَ فَمَا تَقُولُ أَنْتَ
He-asws said: ‘So what are you saying?’
قَالَ قُلْتُ إِنَّ جَبْرَئِيلَ ع أَتَاهُ فِي الْيَوْمِ الْأَوَّلِ بِالْوَقْتِ الْأَوَّلِ وَ فِي الْيَوْمِ الثَّانِي بِالْوَقْتِ الْأَخِيرِ ثُمَّ قَالَ جَبْرَئِيلُ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا وَقْتٌ
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘Jibraeel-as had come to him-saww during the first day with the time of the first (Salat), and during the second day with the timing of the next. Then Jibraeel‑as said: ‘O Muhammad-saww! There is no timing between the two’’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَا حُمْرَانُ- زُرَارَةُ يَقُولُ إِنَّمَا جَاءَ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع مُشِيراً عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ص وَ صَدَقَ زُرَارَةُ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ إِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ص فَوَضَعَهُ وَ أَشَارَ جَبْرَئِيلُ عَلَيْهِ.
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘O Humran! Zurara is saying, rather Jibraeel-as had come as a consultant/advisor unto Muhammad-saww, and Zurara speaks the truth. Allah-azwj did Make that to be up to Muhammad-saww, so he-saww pleased it, and Jibraeel-as indicated to him-saww’’.[292]
43- فَلَاحُ السَّائِلِ، مِنْ كِتَابِ مَدِينَةِ الْعِلْمِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: فَضْلُ الْوَقْتِ الْأَوَّلِ عَلَى الْأَخِيرِ كَفَضْلِ الْآخِرَةِ عَلَى الدُّنْيَا.
(The book) ‘Falah Al Sa’ail’ – from the book ‘Madinat Al Ilm’, by his chain,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Merit of the beginning of the time (of Salat) over the end (time of Salat), is like merit of the Hereafter over the world’’.[293]
وَ بِالْإِسْنَادِ عَنْهُ ع قَالَ: لَفَضْلُ الْوَقْتِ الْأَوَّلِ عَلَى الْآخِرِ خَيْرٌ لِلْمُؤْمِنِ مِنْ مَالِهِ وَ وُلْدِهِ.
And by the chain from him-asws having said: ‘Merit of the beginning of the timing (of Salat over the end (time of Salat), is better for the Momin than his wealth and his children’’.[294]
44- تَفْسِيرُ النُّعْمَانِيِّ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى إِذَا حَجَبَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ عَيْنَ الشَّمْسِ الَّتِي جَعَلَهَا دَلِيلًا عَلَى أَوْقَاتِ الصَّلَوَاتِ فَمُوَسَّعٌ عَلَيْهِمْ تَأْخِيرُ الصَّلَوَاتِ لِيَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الْوَقْتُ بِظُهُورِهَا وَ يَسْتَيْقِنُوا أَنَّهَا قَدْ زَالَتْ.
Tafseer Al Numani, by his chain,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws, from Amir Al-Momineen-asws in a lengthy Hadeeth: ‘When Allah-azwj the Exalted Veils eye of the sun from His-azwj servants, which He-azwj has made it as a pointer upon timings of the Salat, He-azwj Expands upon them delaying of the Salats for the time be clear to them with its appearance, and they can be certain it has declined’’.[295]
45- الْإِخْتِصَاصُ، لِلْمُفِيدِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْعَلَوِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ أَبِي الصَّبَّاحِ الْكِنَانِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ- أَ لَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَسْجُدُ لَهُ مَنْ فِي السَّماواتِ وَ مَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَ الشَّمْسُ وَ الْقَمَرُ وَ النُّجُومُ وَ الْجِبالُ وَ الشَّجَرُ وَ الدَّوَابُ الْآيَةَ
(The book) ‘Al Ikhtisaas’ of Al Mufeed – from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Al Alawy, from Ahmad Bin Ziyad, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus, from Abu Al Sabbah Al Kinany who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about Words of Allah-azwj: Do you not see that Allah, they do Sajdah to Him, the ones in the skies and the ones in the earth, and the sun, and the moon, and the stars, and the mountains, and the trees, and the animals, [22:18] – the Verse.
فَقَالَ إِنَّ لِلشَّمْسِ أَرْبَعَ سَجَدَاتٍ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ وَ لَيْلَةٍ فَأَوَّلُ سَجْدَةٍ إِذَا صَارَتْ فِي طُولِ السَّمَاءِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَطْلُعَ الْفَجْرُ
He-asws said: ‘For the sun there are four Sajdahs every day and night. The first Sajdah is when it comes to be in the length of the sky before the dawn emerges’.
قُلْتُ بَلَى جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ
I said, ‘Yes, may I be sacrificed for you-asws!’
قَالَ ذَاكَ الْفَجْرُ الْكَاذِبُ لِأَنَّ الشَّمْسَ تَخْرُجُ سَاجِدَةً وَ هِيَ فِي طَرَفِ الْأَرْضِ فَإِذَا ارْتَفَعَتْ مِنْ سُجُودِهَا طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ وَ دَخَلَ وَقْتُ الصَّلَاةِ
He-asws said: ‘That is the false dawn, because the sun emerges in Sajdah, and it is in the edge of the earth. When it rises from its Sajdah, the (true) dawn emerges, and the time of Salat enters.
وَ أَمَّا السَّجْدَةُ الثَّانِيَةُ فَإِنَّهَا إِذَا صَارَتْ فِي وَسَطِ الْقُبَّةِ وَ ارْتَفَعَ النَّهَارُ رَكَدَتْ قَبْلَ الزَّوَالِ فَإِذَا صَارَتْ بِحِذَاءِ الْعَرْشِ رَكَدَتْ وَ سَجَدَتْ فَإِذَا ارْتَفَعَتْ مِنْ سُجُودِهَا زَالَتْ عَنْ وَسَطِ الْقُبَّةِ فَيَدْخُلُ وَقْتُ صَلَاةِ الزَّوَالِ
And as for the second Sajdah, it is when it comes to be in middle of the dome and the day rises, it stagnates before the decline (of midday). When it comes to be facing the Throne, it stagnates and does Sajdah. So, when it rises from it’s Sajdah, it declines from middle of the dome, and the time of the midday Salat (Al-Zohr) enters.
وَ أَمَّا السَّجْدَةُ الثَّالِثَةُ فَإِنَّهَا إِذَا غَابَتْ مِنَ الْأُفُقِ خَرَّتْ سَاجِدَةً فَإِذَا ارْتَفَعَتْ مِنْ سُجُودِهَا زَالَ اللَّيْلُ كَمَا أَنَّهَا حِينَ زَالَتْ وَسَطَ السَّمَاءِ دَخَلَ وَقْتُ الزَّوَالِ زَوَالِ النَّهَارِ.
And as for the third Sajdah, it is when it disappears from the horizon, it falls in Sajdah. When it rises from it’s Sajdah, the night passes just as it had when it had passed middle of the sky, the time of the midday had entered, decline of the day’’.[296]
بيان: الظاهر أن السجدة في تلك الآية كناية عن تذلل تلك الأشياء عند قدرته و عدم تأبيها عن تدبيره فإن السجود في اللغة تذلل مع تطامن
Explanation (Abridged) – The apparent is that the Sajdah in that Verse is a metaphor about the humility of those things at His-azwj Power, for the Sajdah in language is the humility along with assurance.
46- السَّرَائِرُ، نَقْلًا مِنْ كِتَابِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: صَلَّيْتُ يَوْماً بِالْمَدِينَةِ الظُّهْرَ وَ السَّمَاءُ مُغِيمَةٌ وَ انْصَرَفْتُ وَ طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَإِذَا هِيَ حِينَ زَالَتْ فَأَتَيْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَسَأَلْتُهُ فَقَالَ لَا تَعُدْ وَ لَا تَعُودُنَ.
(The book) ‘Al Saraair’, copied from the book of Abdullah Bin Bukeyr, from his father who said,
‘One day I prayed Al-Zohr Salat at Al-Medina and the sky was cloudy, and I left and the sun emerged. There, it was time of decline (midday). I came to Abu Abdullah-asws and asked him‑asws. He-asws said: ‘Don’t go back and do not repeat’’.[297]
47- السَّرَائِرُ، مِنْ كِتَابِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ الْهَاشِمِيِّ عَنْ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: لَا يُفَوِّتِ الصَّلَاةَ مَنْ أَرَادَ الصَّلَاةَ- لَا تَفُوتُ صَلَاةُ النَّهَارِ حَتَّى تَغِيبَ الشَّمْسُ وَ لَا صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ حَتَّى يَطْلُعَ الْفَجْرُ وَ لَا صَلَاةُ الْفَجْرِ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ.
(The book) ‘Al Saraair’ – from the book of Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Mahboub, from Ahmad Bin Al-Hassan Bin Ali Bin Fazzal, from Ail Bin Yaqoub Al Hashimy, from Marwan Bin Muslim, from Ubeyd Bin Zurara,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘He will not lose the Salat one who intends the Salat! The Salat of the day is not lost until the sun disappears, nor Salat of the night until the dawn emerges, nor Al-Fajr Salat until the sun emerges’’.[298]
48- الذِّكْرَى، نَقْلًا مِنْ كِتَابِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص كَانَ فِي السَّفَرِ يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ الْعِشَاءِ وَ الظُّهْرِ وَ الْعَصْرِ وَ إِنَّمَا يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ إِذَا كَانَ مُسْتَعْجِلًا
(The book) ‘Al Zikra’ – copying from the book of Abdullah Bin Sinan,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww was in a journey. He-saww gathered between Al-Maghrib and Al-Isha, and Al-Zohr and Al-Asr, and rather he-saww had does that when he-saww was in a hurry’.
قَالَ وَ قَالَ ع وَ تَفْرِيقُهُمَا أَفْضَلُ.
He (the narrator) said, ‘And he-asws said: ‘Separating the two is better’’.[299]
49- كِتَابُ الْمَسَائِلِ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ مُوسَى ع فِي الرَّجُلِ يَسْمَعُ الْأَذَانَ فَيُصَلِّي الْفَجْرَ وَ لَا يَدْرِي طَلَعَ أَمْ لَا غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ يَظُنُّ لِمَكَانِ الْأَذَانِ أَنَّهُ طَلَعَ قَالَ لَا يُجْزِيهِ حَتَّى يَعْلَمَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ طَلَعَ.
‘Kitab Al Masaail’ – by his chain,
‘From Ali son of Ja’far-asws, from his brother-asws Musa-asws regarding the man who hears the Azaan, so he prays Al-Fajr, and he does not know whether it (dawn) has emerged or not. He thinks due to the place of the Azaan that it has emerged. He-asws said: ‘It will not suffice him until he knows that it has emerged’’.[300]
50- الْعُيُونُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْغَرَوِيِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى الْفَضْلِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ وَ هُوَ جَالِسٌ عَلَى سَطْحٍ فَقَالَ لِي ادْنُ مِنِّي فَدَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ حَتَّى حَاذَيْتُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي أَشْرِفْ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ فِي الدَّارِ فَأَشْرَفْتُ فَقَالَ لِي مَا تَرَى قُلْتُ ثَوْباً مَطْرُوحاً فَقَالَ انْظُرْ حَسَناً فَتَأَمَّلْتُهُ وَ نَظَرْتُ فَتَيَقَّنْتُ فَقُلْتُ رَجُلٌ سَاجِدٌ
(The book) ‘Al Uyoun’ – from his father, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ahmad Bin Abdullah Al Garaqy, from his father who said,
‘I entered to see Al Fazl Bin Al-Rabie, and he was seated upon the roof. He said to me, ‘Come near me’. I went near him until I was facing him. Then he said to me, ‘Overlook at the room in the house’. I looked. He said to me, ‘What do you see?’ I said, ‘A cloth having been dropped’. He said, ‘Look better!’ I contemplated it and looked. I was certain. I said, ‘A man in Sajdah’.
إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ فَقَالَ هَذَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ع إِنِّي أَتَفَقَّدُهُ اللَّيْلَ وَ النَّهَارَ فَلَمْ أَجِدْهُ فِي وَقْتٍ مِنَ الْأَوْقَاتِ إِلَّا عَلَى الْحَالَةِ الَّتِي أُخْبِرُكَ بِهَا أَنَّهُ يُصَلِّي الْفَجْرَ فَيُعَقِّبُ سَاعَةً فِي دُبُرِ صَلَاتِهِ إِلَى أَنْ تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ
Up to he (the narrator) said, ‘He said, ‘This is Abu Al-Hassan Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws. I had lost him for the night and the day and could not find him-asws in a time from the timings except upon the state which I am informing you with. He-asws prayed Al-Fajr Salat, and followed up with acts of worship for an hour at the end of his-asws until the sun emerged.
ثُمَّ يَسْجُدُ سَجْدَةً فَلَا يَزَالُ سَاجِداً حَتَّى تَزُولَ الشَّمْسُ وَ قَدْ وَكَّلَ مَنْ يَتَرَصَّدُ لَهُ الزَّوَالَ فَلَسْتُ أَدْرِي مَتَى يَقُولُ لَهُ الْغُلَامُ قَدْ زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ إِذْ يَثِبُ فَيَبْتَدِئُ الصَّلَاةَ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يُحْدِثَ وُضُوءاً فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَنَمْ فِي سُجُودِهِ وَ لَا أَغْفَى
Then he-asws performed a Sajdah, and did not cease to be in Sajdah until the sun declined (midday), and he-asws had allocated someone to watch out the midday for him-asws. I don’t know when the slave said to him-asws, ‘The sun has declined’, when he-asws leapt and began the Salat without having renewed Wud’u. Know that he-asws did not sleep in his-asws Sajdah, nor was he-asws heedless. (i.e., Wud’u had not broken)
فَلَا يَزَالُ إِلَى أَنْ يَفْرُغَ مِنْ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ فَإِذَا صَلَّى الْعَصْرَ سَجَدَ سَجْدَةً فَلَا يَزَالُ سَاجِداً إِلَى أَنْ تَغِيبَ الشَّمْسُ فَإِذَا غَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَثَبَ مِنْ سَجْدَتِهِ فَصَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يُحْدِثَ حَدَثاً وَ لَا يَزَالُ فِي صَلَاتِهِ وَ تَعْقِيبِهِ إِلَى أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ الْعَتَمَةَ
He-asws did not cease until he-asws was free from Al-Asr Salat. When he-asws had prayed Al-Asr, he-asws performed a Sajdah. He-asws did not cease to be in Sajdah until the sun had set. When the sun had set, he-asws leapt up from his-asws Sajdah and prayed Al-Maghrib from without any event having occurred (to break Wud’u), and he-asws did not cease to be in his-asws and his-asws follow up acts of worship until he-asws had prayed Al-Isha.
فَإِذَا صَلَّى الْعَتَمَةَ أَفْطَرَ عَلَى شَوِيٍ يُؤْتَى بِهِ ثُمَّ يُجَدِّدُ الْوُضُوءَ ثُمَّ يَسْجُدُ ثُمَّ يَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ فَيَنَامُ نَوْمَةً خَفِيفَةً
When he-asws had prayed Al-Isha, he-asws broke upon a grill he-asws had been brought with. Then he-asws renewed the Wud’u, then performed Sajdah, then raised his-asws head and slept a light sleep.
ثُمَّ يَقُومُ فَيُجَدِّدُ الْوُضُوءَ ثُمَّ يَقُومُ فَلَا يَزَالُ يُصَلِّي فِي جَوْفِ اللَّيْلِ حَتَّى يَطْلُعَ الْفَجْرُ فَلَسْتُ أَدْرِي مَتَى يَقُولُ الْغُلَامُ إِنَّ الْفَجْرَ قَدْ طَلَعَ إِذْ وَثَبَ هُوَ لِصَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ
Then he-asws arose and renewed the Wud’u, then stood and did not cease praying Salat in the middle of the night until the dawn emerged. I don’t know when the slave said to him-asws, ‘The dawn has emerged’, when he-asws leapt for Al-Fajr Salat.
فَهَذَا دَأْبُهُ مُنْذُ حُوِّلَ إِلَيَّ الْحَدِيثَ.
So, this is his-asws norm since he-asws had been transferred to me’ – the Hadeeth’’.[301]
51 نَوَادِرُ الرَّاوَنْدِيِّ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الْكَاظِمِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ ع قَالَ: كَانَ أَبِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع يَأْمُرُ الصِّبْيَانَ أَنْ يُصَلُّوا الْمَغْرِبَ وَ الْعِشَاءَ جَمِيعاً
(The book) ‘Nawadir’ of Al Rawany – by his chain,
‘From Al-Kazim-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from his-asws grandfather-asws having said: ‘My-asws father Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws instructed the children to be praying Al-Maghrib and Al-Isha Salats together.
فَقِيلَ لَهُ يُصَلُّونَ الصَّلَاةَ فِي غَيْرِ وَقْتِهَا
It was said to him-asws, ‘They are praying the Salat in other than its timings!’
قَالَ هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ يَنَامُوا عَنْهَا.
He-asws said: ‘It is better than them sleeping from it’’.[302]
52 نَهْجُ الْبَلَاغَةِ، مِنْ كِتَابِهِ ع إِلَى أُمَرَائِهِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَصَلُّوا بِالنَّاسِ الظُّهْرَ حِينَ تَفِيءُ الشَّمْسُ مِثْلَ مَرْبِضِ الْعَنْزِ وَ صَلُّوا بِهِمُ الْعَصْرَ وَ الشَّمْسُ بَيْضَاءُ حَيَّةٌ فِي عُضْوٍ مِنَ النَّهَارِ حِينَ يُسَارُ فِيهَا فَرْسَخَانِ وَ صَلُّوا بِهِمُ الْمَغْرِبَ حِينَ يُفْطِرُ الصَّائِمُ وَ يَدْفَعُ الْحَاجُّ وَ صَلُّوا بِهِمُ الْعِشَاءَ حِينَ يَتَوَارَى الشَّفَقُ إِلَى ثُلُثِ اللَّيْلِ وَ صَلُّوا بِهِمُ الْغَدَاةَ وَ الرَّجُلُ يَعْرِفُ وَجْهَ صَاحِبِهِ وَ صَلُّوا بِهِمْ صَلَاةَ أَضْعَفِهِمْ وَ لَا تَكُونُوا فَتَّانِينَ.
(The book) ‘Nahj Al Balagah’ –
‘From a letter for his-asws to his-asws governors: ‘As for after, pray Al-Zohr Salat with the people when the sun casts a shadow like the goat pen, and pray Al-Asr Salat with them and the sun is white in the course of the day travelling two Farsakhs in it, and pray Al-Maghrib with them when the fasting one breaks (his Fast), and the pilgrim departs (from Arafaat), and pray Al-Isha Salat with them when the redness is covered up to a third of the night, and pray the morning Salat with them and the man can recognise the face of his companion, and pray Salat with them Salat of their weak ones and do not become troublesome (by unnecessarily prolonging congregational Salat)’’.[303]
بيان رَوَوْا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَا مُعَاذُ إِيَّاكَ أَنْ تَكُونَ فَتَّاناً لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ و في أخرى أ فتان أنت يا معاذ.
Explanation (Hadeeth) only – It is reported from the Prophet-saww having said: ‘O Muaz! Beware of becoming troublesome to the Muslims (by unnecessarily prolonging congregational Salat)’. And in another (Hadeeth): ‘Are you making trouble, O Muaz!’’
53 الْخِصَالُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُوسَى الْخَشَّابِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ التَّمِيمِيِّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ ابْنِ أَخِي الضَّبِّيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ تَزُولُ الشَّمْسُ فِي النِّصْفِ مِنْ حَزِيرَانَ عَلَى نِصْفِ قَدَمٍ وَ فِي النِّصْفِ مِنْ تَمُّوزَ عَلَى قَدَمٍ وَ نِصْفٍ وَ فِي النِّصْفِ مِنْ آبَ عَلَى قَدَمَيْنِ وَ نِصْفٍ وَ فِي النِّصْفِ مِنْ أَيْلُولَ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَقْدَامٍ وَ نِصْفٍ وَ فِي النِّصْفِ مِنْ تِشْرِينَ الْأَوَّلِ عَلَى خَمْسَةٍ وَ نِصْفٍ وَ فِي النِّصْفِ مِنْ تِشْرِينَ الْآخِرِ عَلَى سَبْعَةٍ وَ نِصْفٍ
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – from his father, from Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Yahya Bin Imran Al Ashary, from Al-Hassan Bin Musa Al Khashaab, from Al-Hassan Bin Is’haq Al Tameemi, from Al-Hassan son of a brother of Al Zaby, from Abdullah Bin Sinan who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘The sun declines in middle of June to half a foot, and in middle of July to a foot and a half, and in middle of August to two feet, and in middle of September to three feet and a half, and in October first to five and a half (feet), and in middle of November to seven and half.
وَ فِي النِّصْفِ مِنْ كَانُونَ الْأَوَّلِ عَلَى تِسْعَةٍ وَ نِصْفٍ وَ فِي النِّصْفِ مِنْ كَانُونَ الْآخِرِ عَلَى سَبْعَةٍ وَ نِصْفٍ وَ فِي النِّصْفِ مِنْ شُبَاطَ عَلَى خَمْسَةِ أَقْدَامٍ وَ نِصْفٍ وَ فِي النِّصْفِ مِنْ آذَارَ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةٍ وَ نِصْفٍ وَ فِي النِّصْفِ مِنْ نَيْسَانَ عَلَى قَدَمَيْنِ وَ نِصْفٍ وَ فِي النِّصْفِ مِنْ أَيَّارَ عَلَى قَدَمٍ وَ نِصْفٍ وَ فِي النِّصْفِ مِنْ حَزِيرَانَ عَلَى نِصْفِ قَدَمٍ.
And in middle of December to nine and half, and in middle of January to seven and a half, and in middle of February to five feet and a half, and in middle of March to three and a half, and in middle of April to two feet and a half, and in middle of May to a foot and a half, and in middle of June to half a foot’’.[304]
تبيين قوله ع على نصف قدم أي تزول الشمس بعد ما بقي من الظل نصف قدم و القدم على المشهور سبع الشاخص فإن الأكثر يقسمون كل شاخص بسبعة أقسام و يسمون كل قسم قدما بناء على أن قامة الإنسان المستوي الخلقة تساوي سبعة أضعاف قدمه
Clarification (Abridged) – His-asws words: ‘To half a foot’, i.e., the sun declines after what remains from the shadow, half a foot; and the foot is based upon the well-known seven ‘Shakhis’ (levelling bar used in Geology), for most are dividing every ‘Shakhis’ in seven division, and they are naming each division as a foot based upon that if the human being were to stand straight he would equate to seven multiples of his foot.
رَوَاهُ الشَّيْخُ فِي التَّهْذِيبِ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَا يُصَلِّي مِنَ النَّهَارِ شَيْئاً حَتَّى تَزُولَ الشَّمْسُ فَإِذَا زَالَ النَّهَارُ قَدْرَ إِصْبَعٍ صَلَّى ثَمَانِيَ رَكَعَاتٍ.
It is reported by the Sheykh in ‘Al-Tahzeeb’, from Zurara, from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww would not pray any Salat of the day until the sun had declined (midday). When the day declines a measurement of a finger, he-saww would pray eight Cycles Salat’.
[1] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 1 (Chapters on Funerals)
[2] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 2 a (Chapters on Funerals)
[3] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 2 b (Chapters on Funerals)
[4] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 3 / 1 (Chapters on Funerals)
[5] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 3 / 2 (Chapters on Funerals)
[6] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 3 / 3 (Chapters on Funerals)
[7] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 3 / 4 (Chapters on Funerals)
[8] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 3 / 5 (Chapters on Funerals)
[9] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 3 / 6 (Chapters on Funerals)
[10] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 3 / 7 (Chapters on Funerals)
[11] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 3 / 8 (Chapters on Funerals)
[12] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 3 / 9 (Chapters on Funerals)
[13] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 3 / 10 (Chapters on Funerals)
[14] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 3 / 11 (Chapters on Funerals)
[15] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 3 / 12 (Chapters on Funerals)
[16] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 3 / 13 (Chapters on Funerals)
[17] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 3 / 14 (Chapters on Funerals)
[18] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 3 / 15 (Chapters on Funerals)
[19] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 4 a (Chapters on Funerals)
[20] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 4 b (Chapters on Funerals)
[21] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 4 c (Chapters on Funerals)
[22] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 5 a (Chapters on Funerals)
[23] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 5 b (Chapters on Funerals)
[24] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 5 c (Chapters on Funerals)
[25] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 5 d (Chapters on Funerals)
[26] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 6 / 1 (Chapters on Funerals)
[27] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 6 / 2 (Chapters on Funerals)
[28] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 6 / 3 (Chapters on Funerals)
[29] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 6 / 4 (Chapters on Funerals)
[30] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 6 / 5 (Chapters on Funerals)
[31] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 6 / 6 (Chapters on Funerals)
[32] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 6 / 7 (Chapters on Funerals)
[33] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 6 / 8 (Chapters on Funerals)
[34] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 6 / 9 (Chapters on Funerals)
[35] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 6 / 10 (Chapters on Funerals)
[36] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 6 / 11 (Chapters on Funerals)
[37] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 6 / 12 (Chapters on Funerals)
[38] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 6 / 13 (Chapters on Funerals)
[39] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 6 / 14 (Chapters on Funerals)
[40] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 6 / 15 (Chapters on Funerals)
[41] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 6 / 16 (Chapters on Funerals)
[42] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 7 (Chapters on Funerals)
[43] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 8 (Chapters on Funerals)
[44] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 9 (Chapters on Funerals)
[45] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 10 (Chapters on Funerals)
[46] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 11 (Chapters on Funerals)
[47] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 12 (Chapters on Funerals)
[48] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 13 (Chapters on Funerals)
[49] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 14 (Chapters on Funerals)
[50] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 15 (Chapters on Funerals)
[51] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 16 (Chapters on Funerals)
[52] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 17 (Chapters on Funerals)
[53] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 18 (Chapters on Funerals)
[54] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 19 (Chapters on Funerals)
[55] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 20 (Chapters on Funerals)
[56] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 21 (Chapters on Funerals)
[57] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 22 (Chapters on Funerals)
[58] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 23 a (Chapters on Funerals)
[59] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 23 b (Chapters on Funerals)
[60] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 24 (Chapters on Funerals)
[61] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 25 a (Chapters on Funerals)
[62] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 25 b (Chapters on Funerals)
[63] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 25 c (Chapters on Funerals)
[64] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 25 d (Chapters on Funerals)
[65] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 26 (Chapters on Funerals)
[66] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 27 (Chapters on Funerals)
[67] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 28 a (Chapters on Funerals)
[68] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 28 b (Chapters on Funerals)
[69] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 28 c (Chapters on Funerals)
[70] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 28 d (Chapters on Funerals)
[71] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 29 (Chapters on Funerals)
[72] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 30 a (Chapters on Funerals)
[73] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 30 b (Chapters on Funerals)
[74] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 31 (Chapters on Funerals)
[75] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Cleanliness – Ch 20 H 32 (Chapters on Funerals)
[76] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 1 a
[77] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 1 b
[78] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 2 a
[79] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 2 b
[80] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 2 c
[81] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 2 d
[82] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 3
[83] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 4
[84] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 5
[85] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 6
[86] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 7
[87] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 8
[88] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 9
[89] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 10
[90] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 11
[91] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 12 a
[92] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 12 b
[93] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 12 c
[94] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 13
[95] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 14
[96] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 15
[97] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 16
[98] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 17
[99] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 18
[100] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 19 a
[101] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 19 b
[102] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 20
[103] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 21
[104] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 22
[105] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 23
[106] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 24
[107] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 25
[108] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 26
[109] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 27
[110] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 28
[111] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 29
[112] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 30 a
[113] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 30 b
[114] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 31
[115] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 32
[116] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 33
[117] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 34
[118] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 35
[119] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 36
[120] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 37
[121] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 38 a
[122] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 38 b
[123] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 39
[124] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 40
[125] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 41
[126] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 42
[127] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 43
[128] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 44
[129] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 45
[130] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 46 a
[131] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 46 b
[132] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 47
[133] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 48
[134] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 49
[135] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 50
[136] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 51
[137] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 52
[138] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 53 a
[139] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 53 b
[140] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 54 a
[141] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 54 b
[142] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 54 c
[143] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 55
[144] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 56
[145] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 57 a
[146] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 57 b
[147] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 57 c
[148] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 57 d
[149] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 57 e
[150] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 57 f
[151] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 57 g
[152] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 58
[153] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 59
[154] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 60
[155] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 61
[156] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 62
[157] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 63
[158] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 64
[159] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 65
[160] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 1 H 66
[161] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 2 H 1
[162] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 2 H 2
[163] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 2 H 3
[164] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 2 H 4
[165] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 2 H 5
[166] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 2 H 6
[167] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 2 H 7
[168] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 2 H 8
[169] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 2 H 9
[170] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 2 H 10
[171] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 2 H 11
[172] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 2 H 12
[173] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 2 H 13
[174] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 2 H 14
[175] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 2 H 15
[176] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 2 H 16
[177] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 2 H 17
[178] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 2 H 18
[179] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 2 H 19
[180] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 2 H 20
[181] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 2 H 21
[182] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 2 H 22
[183] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 2 H 23
[184] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 2 H 24 a
[185] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 2 H 24 b
[186] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H 1
[187] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H 2
[188] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H 3 a
[189] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H 3 b
[190] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H 3 c
[191] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 4
[192] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 5
[193] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 6
[194] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 7
[195] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 8
[196] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 9
[197] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 10
[198] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 11
[199] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 12
[200] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 13
[201] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 14
[202] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 15
[203] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 16
[204] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 17 a
[205] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 17 b
[206] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 17 c
[207] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 17 d
[208] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 18
[209] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 19
[210] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 20
[211] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 21
[212] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 22
[213] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 23
[214] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 24
[215] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 25
[216] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 26 a
[217] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 26 b
[218] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 26 c
[219] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 26 d
[220] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 26 e
[221] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 27
[222] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 28
[223] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 29
[224] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 30
[225] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 3 H H 31
[226] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 4 H H 1
[227] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 4 H H 2
[228] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 4 H H 3
[229] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 4 H H 4
[230] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 4 H H 5
[231] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 4 H H 6
[232] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 4 H H 7
[233] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 4 H H 8
[234] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 4 H H 9
[235] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 4 H H 10
[236] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 4 H H 11
[237] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 4 H H 12
[238] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 4 H H 13
[239] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 4 H H 14 a
[240] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 4 H H 14 b
[241] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 4 H H 15 a
[242] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 4 H H 15 b
[243] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 4 H H 15 c
[244] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 4 H H 16
[245] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 4 H H 17
[246] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 4 H H 18
[247] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 1
[248] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 2
[249] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 3
[250] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 4
[251] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 5
[252] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 6
[253] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 7
[254] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 8
[255] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 9
[256] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 10
[257] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 11
[258] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 12
[259] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 13
[260] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 14
[261] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 15
[262] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 16
[263] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 17
[264] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 18
[265] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 19 a
[266] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 19 b
[267] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 19 c
[268] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 20 a
[269] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 20 b
[270] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 21
[271] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 22
[272] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 23
[273] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 24
[274] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 25
[275] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 26
[276] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 27
[277] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 28
[278] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 29
[279] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 30
[280] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 31
[281] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 32
[282] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 33
[283] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 34
[284] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 35
[285] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 36
[286] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 37 a
[287] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 37 b
[288] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 38
[289] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 39
[290] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 40
[291] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 41
[292] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 42
[293] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 43 a
[294] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 43 b
[295] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 44
[296] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 45
[297] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 46
[298] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 47
[299] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 48
[300] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 49
[301] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 50
[302] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 51
[303] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 52
[304] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 79 – The Book Salat – Ch 5 H 53