Part 4 out of 4
Volume 93
بحار الانوار الجامعة لدرر أخبار الائمة الاطهار
Bihar Al-Anwaar – The summary of the pearls of the Ahadeeth of the Pure Imams-asws
تأليف العلامة فخر الامة المولى الشيخ محمد باقر المجلسيى
Author – The Allama, the pride of the community, the Mullah, the Sheikh Muhammad Baqir Al Majlisi
باب 32 أحكام الصوم
CHAPTER 32 – RULINGS OF THE FAST
الآيات البقرة أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلى نِسائِكُمْ هُنَّ لِباسٌ لَكُمْ وَ أَنْتُمْ لِباسٌ لَهُنَّ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ تَخْتانُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ فَتابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَ عَفا عَنْكُمْ فَالْآنَ بَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَ ابْتَغُوا ما كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَ كُلُوا وَ اشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ وَ لا تُبَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَ أَنْتُمْ عاكِفُونَ فِي الْمَساجِدِ تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ فَلا تَقْرَبُوها كَذلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ آياتِهِ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّقُونَ.
The Verses – (Surah) Al Baqarah: Permissible for you during the night of the Fast, is the going to your wives; they are an apparel for you and you are an apparel for them. Allah knows you were deceiving yourselves, but He still Turned towards you and Excused you. As for now, sleep with them and seek what Allah has Ordained for you; and eat and drink until it is clear for you, the white thread from the black thread at dawn, then complete the Fast up to the night; and do not sleep with them while you are performing Itikaaf in the Masjid. These are the Limits of Allah, therefore do not go near these. Like that, Allah Clarifies His Signs for the people, perhaps they may be fearing [2:187].
1- دَعَائِمُ الْإِسْلَامِ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنْ أَصْبَحَ لَا يَنْوِي الصَّوْمَ ثُمَّ بَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يَتَطَوَّعَ فَلَهُ ذَلِكَ مَا لَمْ تَزُلِ الشَّمْسُ
(The book) ‘Da’aim Al Islam’ –
‘From Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws having said: ‘One who comes to a morning not intending the fast, then there is a change of mind for him that he would fast voluntarily, that is for him for as long as the sun has not started to decline (midday)’.
قَالَ وَ كَذَلِكَ إِنْ أَصْبَحَ صَائِماً مُتَطَوِّعاً فَلَهُ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ مَا لَمْ تَزُلِ الشَّمْسُ.
He-asws said: ‘And like that if a fasting one comes to a morning fasting voluntarily, it is for him to break for as long as the sun has not declined (midday)’’.[1]
2- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلى نِسائِكُمْ إِلَى وَ كُلُوا وَ اشْرَبُوا قَالَ نَزَلَتْ فِي خَوَّاتِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ وَ كَانَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فِي الْخَنْدَقِ وَ هُوَ صَائِمٌ
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Sama’at,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘Permissible for you during the night of the Fast, is the going to your wives – up to – and eat and drink [2:187]. He-asws said: ‘It was Revealed regarding Khawwat Bin Jubeyr, and he was with Rasool-Allah-saww in (digging) the ditch (battle of Al-Khandaq), and he was fasting.
فَأَمْسَى عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَ كَانُوا مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ إِذَا نَامَ أَحَدُهُمْ حُرِّمَ عَلَيْهِ الطَّعَامُ فَرَجَعَ خَوَّاتٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ حِينَ أَمْسَى فَقَالَ عِنْدَكُمْ
He came to evening being upon that, and before this Verse was Revealed they were such that whenever one of them slept, the food was Prohibited unto him. Khawwat returned to his family when it was evening. He said, ‘Is there any food in your possession?’
طَعَامٌ فَقَالُوا لَا تَنَامُ حَتَّى نَصْنَعَ لَكَ طَعَاماً
They said, ‘No. Sleep until we make food for you!’
فَاتَّكَأَ فَنَامَ فَقَالُوا قَدْ فَعَلْتَ
He reclined and slept. They said, ‘It has been done!’
قَالَ نَعَمْ
He said, ‘Yes’.
فَبَاتَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَ أَصْبَحَ فَغَدَا إِلَى الْخَنْدَقِ فَجَعَلَ يُغْشَى عَلَيْهِ فَمَرَّ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَلَمَّا رَأَى الَّذِي بِهِ سَأَلَهُ فَأَخْبَرَهُ كَيْفَ كَانَ أَمْرُهُ فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَأْكُلُوا وَ تَشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ.
He spent the night upon that and came to the morning. In the morning, he went to the ditch. He fainted. Rasool-Allah-saww passed by him. When he-saww saw that which was with him, he‑saww asked him. He informed him how his matter had been, so this Verse was Revealed that it is Permissible for you to be eating and drinking, until it is clear for you, the white thread from the black thread at dawn, [2:187]’’.[2]
3- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْهُمَا فِي رَجُلٍ تَسَحَّرَ وَ هُوَ شَاكٌّ فِي الْفَجْرِ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ كُلُوا وَ اشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ وَ أَرَى أَنْ يَسْتَظْهِرَ فِي رَمَضَانَ وَ يَتَسَحَّرَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ.
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Sa’ad, from one of his companions,
‘From them both (5th & 6th Imam-asws) regarding a man who eats at pre-dawn and he is in doubt regarding the dawn. He-asws said: ‘No problem, eat and drink until it is clear for you, the white thread from the black thread at dawn [2:187], and I-asws view that he should go by the apparent in (month of) Ramazan, and he should have pre-dawn meal before that’’.[3]
4- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلَيْنِ قَامَا فِي رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا هَذَا الْفَجْرُ وَ قَالَ الْآخَرُ مَا أَرَى شَيْئاً
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – From Abu Baseer who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about two men standing in (month of) Ramazan. One of them says, ‘This is the dawn!’, and the other one says, ‘I don’t see anything!’
قَالَ لِيَأْكُلِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَسْتَيْقِنِ الْفَجْرَ وَ قَدْ حَرُمَ الْأَكْلُ عَلَى الَّذِي زَعَمَ قَدْ رَأَى إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ وَ كُلُوا وَ اشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ.
He-asws said: ‘Let him eat, the one who is not certain of the dawn, and the eating is Prohibited unto the one who claims that he has seen (the dawn). and eat and drink until it is clear for you, the white thread from the black thread at dawn, then complete the Fast up to the night; [2:187]’’.[4]
5- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْخَيْطِ الْأَبْيَضِ وَ عَنِ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ فَقَالَ بَيَاضُ النَّهَارِ مِنْ سَوَادِ اللَّيْلِ.
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Ubeydullah Al Halby,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I asked him-asws about the white thread and about the black thread [2:187]. He-asws said: ‘Whiteness of the day from blackness of the night’’.[5]
6- فِي تَفْسِيرِ النُّعْمَانِيِّ، بِالْإِسْنَادِ الْمُتَقَدِّمِ فِي كِتَابِ الْقُرْآنِ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَنَّهُ لَمَّا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ الصِّيَامَ فَرَضَ أَنْ لَا يَنْكِحَ الرَّجُلُ أَهْلَهُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ لَا بِالنَّهَارِ عَلَى مَعْنَى صَوْمِ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ مُحَرَّماً عَلَى هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ
In Tafseer Al Numany – by the previous chain in ‘Kitab Al Quran’,
‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘When Allah-azwj Imposed the fasts, Imposed that the man should not have marital relations with his wife during the month of Ramazan, neither at night nor at daytime, based upon meaning of the fasts of the children of Israel in the Torah. So that was Prohibited unto this community.
وَ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا نَامَ فِي أَوَّلِ اللَّيْلِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ فَقَدْ حَرُمَ عَلَيْهِ الْأَكْلُ بَعْدَ النَّوْمِ أَفْطَرَ أَوْ لَمْ يُفْطِرْ
And it was so that whenever a man slept in the beginning of the night before he had broken his fast, the eating was Prohibited unto him after the sleep, whether he had broken the fast nor not broken.
وَ كَانَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص يُعْرَفُ بِمُطْعِمِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ شَيْخاً فَكَانَ فِي الْوَقْتِ الَّذِي حُفِرَ فِيهِ الْخَنْدَقُ حَفَرَ فِي جُمْلَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنَ الْحَفْرِ وَ رَاحَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ صَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ وَ أَبْطَأَتْ عَلَيْهِ زَوْجَتُهُ بِالطَّعَامِ فَغَلَبَ عَلَيْهِ النَّوْمُ
And there was a man from companions of Rasool-Allah-saww known as Mut’im (Khawwat) Bin Jubeyr, and old man. He was during the time in which the ditch was being dug (battle of Al-Khandaq). He dug among all the Muslims, and that was during a month of Ramazan. When he was free from the digging and departed to his family, he prayed Al Maghrib Salat, and his wife delayed the meal to him. The sleep overcame upon him.
فَلَمَّا أَحْضَرَتْ إِلَيْهِ الطَّعَامَ أَنْبَهَتْهُ فَقَالَ لَهَا اسْتَعْمِلِيهِ أَنْتِ فَإِنِّي قَدْ نِمْتُ وَ حَرُمَ عَلَيَّ وَ طَوَى إليه [لَيْلَتَهُ] وَ أَصْبَحَ صَائِماً فَغَدَا إِلَى الْخَنْدَقِ وَ جَعَلَ يَحْفِرُ مَعَ النَّاسِ فَغُشِيَ عَلَيْهِ فَسَأَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَنْ حَالِهِ فَأَخْبَرَهُ
When the meal was presented to him, she alerted him. He said to her, ‘You utilise it for I have slept and it is Prohibited unto me!’, and he slept hungry his night and, in the morning, he was fasting. He went to the ditch and went on to dig along with the people. There was unconsciousness upon him. Rasool-Allah-saww asked him about his state. He informed him-saww.
وَ كَانَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ شُبَّانٌ يَنْكِحُونَ نِسَاءَهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ سِرّاً لِقِلَّةِ صَبْرِهِمْ فَسَأَلَ النَّبِيُّ ص اللَّهَ سُبْحَانَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ
And from the Muslims there were youths who were having marital relations with their wives at night secretly due to lack of their patience. The Prophet-saww asked Allah-azwj the Glorious regarding that.
فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلى نِسائِكُمْ هُنَّ لِباسٌ لَكُمْ وَ أَنْتُمْ لِباسٌ لَهُنَّ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ تَخْتانُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ فَتابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَ عَفا عَنْكُمْ فَالْآنَ بَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَ ابْتَغُوا ما كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَ كُلُوا وَ اشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ فَنَسَخَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ مَا تَقَدَّمَهَا.
Allah-azwj Revealed unto him-saww: Permissible for you during the night of the Fast, is the going to your wives; they are an apparel for you and you are an apparel for them. Allah knows you were deceiving yourselves, but He still Turned towards you and Excused you. As for now, sleep with them and seek what Allah has Ordained for you; and eat and drink until it is clear for you, the white thread from the black thread at dawn, then complete the Fast up to the night; [2:187]. Thus, this Verse Abrogated what had preceded it’’.[6]
7- ب، قرب الإسناد ابْنُ طَرِيفٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُلْوَانَ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ع أَنَّ عَلِيّاً ع كَانَ لَا يَرَى بِالْكُحْلِ لِلصَّائِمِ بَأْساً إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ طَعْمَهُ.
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Isnaad’ – Ibn Tareyf, from Ibn Ulwan,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws father-asws: ‘Ali-asws had not viewed any problem with the Kohl (in the eyes) for the fasting one, when he cannot feel its taste’’.[7]
8- ب، قرب الإسناد بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع يَسْتَاكُ وَ هُوَ صَائِمٌ فِي أَوَّلِ النَّهَارِ وَ آخِرِهِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ.
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Isnaad’ – By this chain,
‘He-asws said: ‘Ali-asws used to clean teeth (dry twig) while he-asws was fasting, in the beginning of the day and its end, during the month of Ramazan’’.[8]
9- ب، قرب الإسناد بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يَسْتَاكَ الصَّائِمُ بِالسِّوَاكِ الرَّطْبِ فِي أَوَّلِ النَّهَارِ.
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Isnaad’ – By this chain,
He-asws said: ‘Ali-asws said: ‘There is no problem with the fasting one brushing his teeth with a wet toothbrush in the beginning of the day’’.[9]
وَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ فَإِنَّهُ لَا بُدَّ مِنَ الْمَضْمَضَةِ لِسُنَّةِ الْوُضُوءِ قِيلَ لَهُ فَإِنَّهُ لَا بُدَّ مِنَ السِّوَاكِ لِلسُّنَّةِ الَّتِي جَاءَ بِهَا جَبْرَئِيلُ ع إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص.
And Ali-asws said: ‘If a speaker says, ‘Surely there is no escape from the rinsing (the mouth) due to Sunnah of the Wud’u, it would be said to him, ‘Surely, there is no escape from brushing the teeth for the Sunnah which Jibraeel-as had come with to Rasool-Allah-saww!’’[10]
10- ب، قرب الإسناد عَلِيٌّ عَنْ أَخِيهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ وَ الْمَرْأَةِ هَلْ يَصْلُحُ لَهُمَا أَنْ يَسْتَدْخِلَا الدَّوَاءَ وَ هُمَا صَائِمَانِ
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Isnaad’ –
‘Ali, from his brother (Musa Al-Kazim-asws), he said, ‘I asked him-asws about the man and the woman, ‘Is it correct for them to insert take the medication while they are fasting?’ In another Hadith, taking medicine is not allowed, i.e.,
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَحْتَقِنُ تَكُونُ بِهِ الْعِلَّةُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ الصَّائِمُ لَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَحْتَقِنَ .
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad,
(It has been narrated) from Ahmad Bin Muhammad who asked about the man who is injected as he happens to be with the illness during the Month of Ramazan. So he-asws said: ‘The Fasting one, it is not allowed for him that he injects’.[11] Also see, https://hubeali.com/article/fasting-soamrevised/
قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ-
He-asws said: ‘There is no problem’’.
وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الصَّائِمِ يَذُوقُ الطَّعَامَ وَ الشَّرَابَ يَجِدُ طَعْمَهُ فِي حَلْقِهِ قَالَ لَا يَفْعَلُ
And I asked him-asws about the fasting one tasting the food and the drink, finding its taste in his throat. He-asws said: ‘He should not do so’.
قُلْتُ فَإِنْ فَعَلَ فَمَا عَلَيْهِ قَالَ لَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ وَ لَكِنْ لَا يَعُودُ-
I said, ‘Supposing he does it, what is upon him?’ He-asws said: ‘There is nothing upon him, but he should not repeat’.
وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ هَلْ يَصْلُحُ لَهُ أَنْ يُقَبِّلَ وَ يَلْمِسَ وَ هُوَ يَقْضِي شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ لَا
And I asked him-asws about the man, ‘Is it correct for him to kiss and touch and he is fulfilling a month of Ramazan?’ He-asws said: ‘No’.
وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَنْتِفُ إِبْطَهُ وَ هُوَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ هُوَ صَائِمٌ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ
And I asked him-asws about the man plucking his armpits and it is during the month of Ramazan and he is fasting. He-asws said: ‘There is no problem’.
وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَصُبُّ مِنْ فِيهِ الْمَاءَ يَغْسِلُ بِهِ الشَّيْءَ يَكُونُ فِي ثَوْبِهِ وَ هُوَ صَائِمٌ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ.
And I asked him-asws about the man who pours the water from his mouth to wash by it something being in his clothes, and he is fasting. He-asws said: ‘There is no problem’’.[12]
11- ل، الخصال ابْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ رَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: خَمْسَةُ أَشْيَاءَ تُفَطِّرُ الصَّائِمَ الْأَكْلُ وَ الشُّرْبُ وَ الْجِمَاعُ وَ الِارْتِمَاسُ فِي الْمَاءِ وَ الْكَذِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ وَ عَلَى الْأَئِمَّةِ ع.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Al Barqy, from his father raising it,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Five things break (the fast of) the fasting one – the eating, and the drinking, and the marital relations, and the diving into the water, and the lying upon Allah-azwj and upon His-azwj Rasool-saww and upon the Imams-asws’’.[13]
12- مع، معاني الأخبار أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ يُونُسَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ الْكَذِبَةُ تُفَطِّرُ الصَّائِمَ
(The book) ‘Ma’any Al Akhbar’ – My father, from Sa’ad, from Al Barqy, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Mansour Bin Yunus, from Abu Baseer,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I heard him-asws saying: ‘The lying breaks the (fast of) the fasting one!’
قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ هَلَكْنَا
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘We are destroyed!’
قَالَ لَا إِنَّمَا أَعْنِي الْكَذِبَ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ وَ عَلَى الْأَئِمَّةِ ع.
He-asws said: ‘No! But rather I-asws meant the lying upon Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and upon His-azwj Rasool-saww, and upon the Imams-asws’’.[14]
13- مع، معاني الأخبار الْقَطَّانُ عَنِ ابْنِ زَكَرِيَّا عَنِ ابْنِ حَبِيبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُهْلُولٍ عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنْ عَبَايَةَ بْنِ رِبْعِيٍّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ عَنِ الصَّائِمِ يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَحْتَجِمَ
(The book) ‘Ma’any Al Akhbaar’ – Al Qattan, from Ibn Zakariya, from Ibn Habeeb, from Ibn Bahloul, from Abu Muawiya, from Suleyman Bin Mihran, from Abaya Bin Rabie who said,
‘I asked Ibn Abbas about the fasting one, ‘It is allowed for him to get cupping done?’
قَالَ نَعَمْ مَا لَمْ يَخْشَ ضَعْفاً عَلَى نَفْسِهِ
He said, ‘Yes, for as long as he does not fear weakness upon himself’.
قُلْتُ فَهَلْ تَنْقُضُ الْحِجَامَةُ صَوْمَهُ
I said, ‘Does the cupping break his fast?’
فَقَالَ لَا
He said, ‘No’.
فَقُلْتُ فَمَا مَعْنَى قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ص حِينَ رَأَى مَنْ يَحْتَجِمُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَفْطَرَ الْحَاجِمُ وَ الْمَحْجُومُ
I said, ‘So what is the meaning of words of the Prophet-saww when he-saww saw someone getting cupping done during the month of Ramazan, ‘The cupper and the cupped have broken their fast’?’
فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا أَفْطَرَا لِأَنَّهُمَا تَسَابَّا وَ كَذَبَا فِي سَبِّهِمَا عَلَى نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ ص لَا لِلْحِجَامَةِ.
He said, ‘But rather their fasts were broken because they were reviling and lying in their reviling upon the Prophet-saww of Allah-azwj, not due to the cupping’’.[15]
14- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام جَعْفَرُ بْنُ نُعَيْمِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنْ عَمِّهِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ الرِّضَا ع يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص احْتَجَمَ وَ هُوَ صَائِمٌ مُحْرِمٌ.
(The book) ‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – Ja’far Bin Nueym Bin Shazan, from his uncle Muhammad, from Al Fazl Bin Shazan who said,
‘I heard Al-Reza-asws narrating from his-asws father-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww had cupping done while he-saww was fasting, in Ihraam (as well)’’.[16]
15 ع، علل الشرائع ابْنُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنِ السَّعْدَآبَادِيِّ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَيْضِ عَنِ ابْنِ رِئَابٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَنْهَى عَنِ النَّرْجِسِ لِلصَّائِمِ فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فَلِمَ
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – Ibn Al Mutawakkil, from Al Sa’dabady, from Al Barqy, from Dawood Bin Is’haq, from Muhammad Bin Al Feyz, from Ibn Riab who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws forbid from the Narcissus (smelling) for the fasting one. I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! Why?’
قَالَ لِأَنَّهُ رَيْحَانُ الْأَعَاجِمِ.
He-asws said: ‘Because it is aromatic plant of the non-Arabs’’.[17]
وَ ذَكَرَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا أَنَّ الْأَعَاجِمَ كَانَتْ تَشَمُّهُ إِذَا صَامُوا وَ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّهُ يُمْسِكُ مِنَ الْجُوعِ.
And Muhammad Bin Yaqoub mentioned from one of our companions,
‘The non-Arabs used to smell it when they were fasting, and they said, ‘It withhold from the hunger’’.[18]
16- ع، علل الشرائع بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ قَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِذَا صَامَ لَا يَشَمُّ الرَّيْحَانَ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ أَكْرَهُ أَنْ أُخَلِّطَ صَوْمِي بِلَذَّةٍ.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – By this chain, from Al Barqy, from Abdullah Bin Al Fazl, from Al Hassan Bin Rashid who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws was such, when he-asws fasted, would not smell the aromatic plants. I asked him-asws about that. He-asws said: ‘I-asws dislike to mingle my-asws fast with pleasure’’.[19]
17- ع، علل الشرائع بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا بَلَغَ بِهِ حَرِيزاً حريز قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْمُحْرِمِ يَشَمُّ الرَّيْحَانَ قَالَ لَا
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – By this chain from Al Barqi, from one of our companions reaching by it to Hareez. Hareez said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the one in Ihraam smelling the aromatic plants. He-asws said: ‘No’.
قُلْتُ فَالصَّائِمُ
I said, ‘(What about) the fasting one?’
قَالَ لَا
He-asws said: ‘No’.
قُلْتُ لَهُ يَشَمُّ الصَّائِمُ الْغَالِيَةَ وَ الدُّخْنَةَ
I said to him-asws, ‘The fasting one smelling the expensive perfume and the smokes (vapours, incense etc.)?’
قَالَ نَعَمْ
He-asws said: ‘Yes’.
قُلْتُ كَيْفَ حَلَّ لَهُ يَشَمُّ الطِّيبَ وَ لَا يَشَمُّ الرَّيْحَانَ
I said, ‘How can it be Permissible for him to smell the perfume and not smell the aromatic plants?’
قَالَ لِأَنَّ الطِّيبَ سُنَّةٌ وَ الرَّيْحَانَ بِدْعَةٌ لِلصَّائِمِ.
He-asws said: ‘Because the perfume is a Sunnah and the aromatic plant is an innovation for the fasting one’’.[20]
18- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام أَدْنَى مَا يَتِمُّ بِهِ فَرْضُ الصَّوْمِ الْعَزِيمَةُ وَ هِيَ النِّيَّةُ وَ تَرْكُ الْكَذِبِ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ ثُمَّ تَرْكُ الْأَكْلِ وَ الشُّرْبِ وَ النِّكَاحِ وَ الِارْتِمَاسِ فِي الْمَاءِ وَ اسْتِدْعَاءِ الْقَذْفِ فَإِذَا تَمَّ هَذِهِ الشُّرُوطُ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْنَاهُ كَانَ مُؤَدِّياً لِفَرْضِ الصَّوْمِ مَقْبُولًا مِنْهُ بِمِنَّةِ اللَّهِ.
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws: ‘The least of what obligation of the fast can be completed is the determination, and it is the intention, and neglecting the lying upon Allah-azwj and upon His-azwj Rasool-saww, then leaving the eating and the drinking, and the marital relations, and the diving into the water, and induced vomiting. When these conditions are complete, based upon what we have described, he would have fulfilled the obligation of the fast. It will be Accepted from him by the Conferment of Allah-azwj’’.[21]
19- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام اجْتَنِبُوا شَمَّ الْمِسْكِ وَ الْكَافُورِ وَ الزَّعْفَرَانِ وَ لَا تُقَرَّبْ مِنَ الْأَنْفِ وَ اجْتَنِبِ الْمَسَّ وَ الْقُبْلَةَ وَ النَّظَرَ فَإِنَّهَا سَهْمٌ مِنْ سِهَامِ إِبْلِيسَ
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws: ‘Shun smelling the Musk, and the camphor, and the saffron, and do not draw it closer to the nose, and shun the touching and the kissing and the looking (at wives) for it is a portion from the portions of Iblees-la.
وَ احْذَرِ السِّوَاكَ الرَّطْبَ وَ إِدْخَالَ الْمَاءِ فِي فِيكَ لِلتَّلَذُّذِ فِي غَيْرِ وُضُوءٍ فَإِنْ دَخَلَ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ فِي حَلْقِكَ فَقَدْ فَطَّرَكَ وَ عَلَيْكَ الْقَضَاءُ
And be careful of the wet toothbrush and entering the water in your mouth for the pleasure in other than the Wud’u. If something from it enters into your throat, it has broken your fast and upon you would be to repay (fast again).
اجْتَنِبُوا الْغِيبَةَ غِيبَةَ الْمُؤْمِنِ وَ احْذَرِ النَّمِيمَةَ فَإِنَّهُمَا يُفَطِّرَانِ الصَّائِمَ وَ لَا غِيبَةَ لِلْفَاجِرِ وَ شَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ وَ اللَّاعِبِ بِالشِّطْرَنْجِ وَ الْقِمَارِ
Shun the backbiting, backbiting the Momin, and beware of the gossiping for both of these break the (fast of) the fasting one, and there is no backbiting for the immoral one, and the drinker of wine, and the player of chess, and the gambler.
وَ لَا بَأْسَ لِلصَّائِمِ بِالْكُحْلِ وَ الْحِجَامَةِ وَ الدُّهْنِ وَ شَمِّ الرَّيْحَانِ خَلَا النَّرْجِسِ وَ اسْتِعْمَالِ الطِّيبِ مِنَ الْبَخُورِ وَ غَيْرِهِ مَا لَمْ يَصْعَدْ فِي أَنْفِهِ فَإِنَّهُ رُوِيَ أَنَّ الْبَخُورَ تُحْفَةُ الصَّائِمِ وَ لَا بَأْسَ لِلصَّائِمِ أَنْ يَتَذَوَّقَ الْقِدْرَ بِطَرَفِ لِسَانِهِ وَ يَزُقَّ الْفَرْخَ وَ يَمْضَغَ لِلطِّفْلِ الصَّغِيرِ
And there is no problem for the fasting one with the Kohl, and the cupping, and the oiling (massage), and smelling the aromatic plants apart from the Narcissus, and utilising the perfume from the incense and other such for as long as it does not ascend into his nose, for it has been reported that the incense is a comfort of the fasting one, and there is no problem for the fasting one to be tasting (from) the pot by an edge of his tongue and break the morsel and chew it for the young child.
فَإِذَا صُمْتَ فَعَلَيْكَ أَنْ تُظْهِرَ السَّكِينَةَ وَ الْوَقَارَ وَ لْيَصُمْ سَمْعُكَ وَ بَصَرُكَ عَمَّا لَا يَحِلُّ النَّظَرُ إِلَيْهِ وَ اجْتَنِبِ الْفُحْشَ مِنَ الْكَلَامِ وَ اتَّقِ فِي صَوْمِكَ خَمْسَةَ أَشْيَاءَ تُفَطِّرُكَ الْأَكْلَ وَ الشُّرْبَ وَ الْجِمَاعَ وَ الِارْتِمَاسَ فِي الْمَاءِ وَ الْكَذِبَ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ وَ عَلَى الْأَئِمَّةِ ع وَ الخناء [الْخَنَا] مِنَ الْكَلَامِ وَ النَّظَرَ إِلَى مَا لَا يَجُوزُ
When you fast, upon you is to manifest the calmness and the dignity, and let your hearing and your sight fast from what is not Permissible to look at, and shun the obscenity from the speech, and fear five things in your fast – the eating, and the drinking, and the marital relations, and the diving into the water, and the lying upon Allah-azwj and upon His-azwj Rasool‑saww and upon the Imams-asws, and the obscenity from the speech, and the looking at what is not allowed.
وَ إِنْ نَسِيتَ فَأَكَلْتَ أَوْ شَرِبْتَ فَأَتِمَّ صَوْمَكَ وَ لَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْكَ وَ لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَذُوقَ الطَّبَّاخُ الْمَرَقَةَ وَ هُوَ صَائِمٌ بِطَرَفِ لِسَانِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَبْتَلِعَهُ وَ لَا بَأْسَ بِشَمِّ الطِّيبِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مَسْحُوقاً فَإِنَّهُ يَصْعَدُ إِلَى الدِّمَاغِ
And if you forget so you eat or drink, complete your fast and there is no repayment upon you, and there is no problem in tasting the cooked broth while he is fasting, by the edge of his tongue from without him swallowing it, and there is no problem with smelling the perfume except if it happens to be powder for it would ascend into the brain.
وَ لَا بَأْسَ بِالسِّوَاكِ لِلصَّائِمِ وَ الْمَضْمَضَةِ وَ الِاسْتِنْشَاقِ إِذَا لَمْ يُبْلَعْ وَ لَا يَدْخُلِ الْمَاءُ فِي حَلْقِهِ وَ لَا بَأْسَ بِالْكُحْلِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مِسْكاً وَ قَدْ رُوِيَ رُخْصَةُ الْمِسْكِ فَإِنَّهُ يَخْرُجُ عَلَى عَكَدَةِ لِسَانِهِ
And there is no problem with brushing the teeth for the fasting one, and the rinsing, and sniffing the water into the nose when it does not reach nor does the water enter into his throat, and there is no problem with the Kohl when it does not happen to be Musk, and it has been reported the Musk is allowed for it evaporates upon the root of his tongue.
وَ لَا يَجُوزُ لِلصَّائِمِ أَنْ يُقَطِّرَ فِي أُذُنِهِ شَيْئاً وَ لَا يَسْعُطَ وَ لَا يَحْتَقِنَ وَ الْمَرْأَةُ لَا تَجْلِسُ فِي الْمَاءِ فَإِنَّهَا تَحْمِلُ الْمَاءَ بِقُبُلِهَا وَ لَا بَأْسَ بِالرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَسْتَنْقِعَ فِيهِ مَا لَمْ يَرْتَمِسْ فِيهِ وَ الرُّعَافُ وَ الْقَلْسُ وَ الْقَيْءُ لَا يَنْقُضُ الصَّوْمَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَتَقَيَّأَ مُتَعَمِّداً.
And it is not allowed for the fasting one to drip something into his ear, nor nasal drops, nor enema, and the woman cannot sit in the water for she might carry the water in her front, and there is no problem with the man if he were to sit in it for as long as he does not fully submerge into it; and the nose bleed, and the ‘Qals’ (emergence of the food from the belly to the tongue), and the vomiting do not break the fast except if he were to vomit deliberately’’.[22]
20- سر، السرائر مُوسَى بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: سُئِلَ الصَّادِقُ ع عَنِ السِّوَاكِ فَقَالَ إِنِّي أَسْتَاكُ بِالْمَاءِ وَ أَنَا صَائِمٌ.
(The book) ‘Al Saraair’ – Musa Bin Bakr who said,
‘Al-Sadiq-asws was asked about the brushing the teeth. He-asws said: ‘I-asws brush teeth with the water while I-asws am fasting’’.[23]
21- مكا، مكارم الأخلاق عَنْ طِبِّ الْأَئِمَّةِ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع قَالَ: يَحْتَجِمُ الصَّائِمُ فِي غَيْرِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مَتَى شَاءَ فَأَمَّا فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَلَا يُغَرِّرُ بِنَفْسِهِ وَ لَا يُخْرِجُ الدَّمَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَتَبَيَّغَ بِهِ فَأَمَّا نَحْنُ فَحِجَامَتُنَا فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ بِاللَّيْلِ.
(The book) ‘Makarim Al Akhlaaq’ –
From (the book) ‘Tibb Al-Aimma-asws’, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad-asws having said: ‘The fasting one can get cupping done in other than a month of Ramazan whenever he so desires to. As for during a month of Ramazan, he should not risk himself nor extract the blood except if it is necessary for it. As for us-asws, we-asws get cupping done during the months of Ramazan at night’’.[24]
22- مكا، مكارم الأخلاق قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص إِذَا صُمْتُمْ فَاسْتَاكُوا بِالْغَدَاةِ وَ لَا تَسْتَاكُوا بِالْعَشِيِّ فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ صَائِمٍ يَبِسَ شَفَتَاهُ بِالْعَشِيِّ إِلَّا كَانَ نُوراً بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ.
(The book) ‘Makarim Al Akhlaq’ –
‘The Prophet-saww said: ‘When you fast, brush the teeth in the morning and do not brush in the evening for there isn’t any fasting one whose lips are dry in the evening except it would be Noor between his eyes on the Day of Qiyamah’’.[25]
وَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَسْتَاكَ الصَّائِمُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَيَّ النَّهَارِ شَاءَ.
And Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘There is no problem with the fasting one brushing teeth in the month of Ramazan whichever (part of) the day he so desires to’’.[26]
23- ين، كتاب حسين بن سعيد و النوادر زُرْعَةُ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَذَبَ فِي رَمَضَانَ قَالَ أَفْطَرَ وَ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاؤُهُ
The book of Husayn Bin Saeed, and ‘Al Nawadir’ – Zur’ah, from Sama’at who said,
‘I asked him-asws about a man who lies during Ramazan. He-asws said: ‘His fast is broken and upon him is the repaying (fasting again)’.
فَقُلْتُ مَا كَذِبَتُهُ الَّذِي أَفْطَرَ
I said, ‘What is his lie which breaks his fast?’
قَالَ يَكْذِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ.
He-asws said: ‘His lying upon Allah-azwj and upon His-azwj Rasool-saww’’.[27]
24- ين، كتاب حسين بن سعيد و النوادر النَّضْرُ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ لَا يَضُرُّ الصَّائِمَ مَا صَنَعَ إِذَا اجْتَنَبَ ثَلَاثَ خِصَالٍ الطَّعَامَ وَ الشَّرَابَ وَ الِارْتِمَاسَ فِي الْمَاءِ وَ النِّسَاءَ وَ النَّحْسَ مِنَ الْفِعْلِ وَ الْقَوْلِ وَ الْغِيبَةُ يُفَطِّرُ الصَّائِمَ وَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ.
The book of Husayn Bin Saeed, and ‘Al Nawadir’ – Al Nazr, from Al Qasim Bin Suleyman, from Muhammad Bin Muslim who said,
‘I heard Abu Ja’far-asws saying: ‘It does not harm the fasting one whatever he does when he shuns three characteristics – the food and the drink, and the diving into the water, and the women, and the inauspiciousness from the deed and the word, and the backbiting breaks (fast of) the fasting one and upon him is the repayment (fasting again)’’.[28]
25- ين، كتاب حسين بن سعيد و النوادر الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: مَنْ كَذَبَ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ وَ هُوَ صَائِمٌ نَقَضَ صَوْمَهُ وَ وُضُوءَهُ إِذَا تَعَمَّدَهُ.
The book of Husayn Bin Saeed, and ‘Al Nawadir’ – Al Qasim Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from Abu Baseer,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘One who lies upon Allah-azwj and upon His-azwj Rasool‑saww, and he is a fasting one breaking his fast and his Wud’u when he deliberates it’’.[29]
26- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام لَا بَأْسَ بِالسِّوَاكِ أَيَّ وَقْتٍ شَاءَ وَ أَرَى أَنَّهُ يُكْرَهُ السِّوَاكُ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ لِلصَّائِمِ لِأَنَّ خُلُوفَ فَمِ الصَّائِمِ أَطْيَبُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ رَائِحَةِ الْمِسْكِ.
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws: ‘There is no problem with brushing the teeth whichever time he so desires to, and I view he-asws disliked for the fasting one brushing the teeth after Al-Asr because the breath of the mouth of a fasting one is better in the Presence of Allah-azwj than aroma of Musk’’.[30]
27- نَوَادِرُ الرَّاوَنْدِيِّ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ: كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع يُكْرَهُ لِلصَّائِمِ أَنْ يَحْتَجِمَ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَعْطِشَ فَيُفْطِرَ.
(The book) ‘Nawadir’ of Al Rawandy – By his chain,
‘From Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Ali-asws used to dislike for the fasting one that he gets cupping done fearing that he might get thirsty so he would break his fast’’.[31]
وَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص ثَلَاثٌ لَا يَعْرِضُ أَحَدُكُمْ نَفْسَهُ لَهُنَّ وَ هُوَ صَائِمٌ الْحِجَامَةُ وَ الْحَمَّامُ وَ الْمَرْأَةُ الْحَسْنَاءُ.
And by this chain, said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Three (things), nor one of you should expose himself to these, and he is a fasting one getting cupping done, and the bathhouse, and the beautiful woman’’.[32]
وَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ص كَانَ يَمْضَغُ الطَّعَامَ لِلْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ ع وَ يُطْعِمُهُمَا وَ هُوَ صَائِمٌ.
And by this chain, said,
‘The Prophet-saww used to chew the food for Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws and feed them‑asws, while he-saww was fasting’’.[33]
28- الْهِدَايَةُ، قَالَ أَبِي رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ فِي رِسَالَتِهِ إِلَيَّ اتَّقِ يَا بُنَيَّ فِي صَوْمِكَ خَمْسَةَ أَشْيَاءَ تُفَطِّرُكَ الْأَكْلَ وَ الشُّرْبَ وَ الْجِمَاعَ وَ الِارْتِمَاسَ فِي الْمَاءِ وَ الْكَذِبَ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَ رَسُولِهِ وَ عَلَى الْأَئِمَّةِ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ.
(The book) ‘Al Hidaya’ –
‘He said, ‘My father, may Allah-azwj Mercy him, said in his letter to me, ‘Fear Allah-azwj, O my son, regarding your fasting five things which will break your fast – the eating, and the drinking, and the marital relations, and the diving into the water, and the lying upon Allah-azwj and His‑azwj Rasool-saww, and upon the Imams-asws, may the Salawaat of Allah-azwj be upon them‑asws’’.[34]
وَ مِنْهُ قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع مُطْلَقٌ لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ وَ يَشْرَبَ حَتَّى يَسْتَيْقِنَ طُلُوعَ الْفَجْرِ فَإِذَا اسْتَيْقَنَ طُلُوعَ الْفَجْرِ حَرُمَ الْأَكْلُ وَ الشُّرْبُ وَ وَجَبَتِ الصَّلَاةُ.
And from him,
‘Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘It is Permissible for the man to eat and drink until he is certain of the emergence of dawn. When he is certain of the emergence of dawn, the eating and the drinking is Prohibited and the Salat becomes obligatory’’.[35]
29- كِتَابُ فَضَائِلِ الْأَشْهُرِ الثَّلَاثَةِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ عَنْ عَمِّهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ الْخَزَّازِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْبَاقِرِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا غَابَ الْقُرْصُ أَفْطَرَ الصَّائِمُ وَ دَخَلَ وَقْتُ الصَّلَاةِ.
The book ‘Fazaail Al Ash’har Al Salasa’ – From Muhammad Bin Ali Majaylawiya, from his uncle Muhamad Bin Abu Al Qasim, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from his father, from Ahmad Bin Al Nazr Al Khazzaz, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir,
‘From Abu Ja’far Al-Baqir-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘When the disc (of the sun) disappears, the fasting one should break his fast and the time of the Salat enters’’.[36]
30- كِتَابُ الْعَرُوسِ، لِلشَّيْخِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْقُمِّيِّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ عَنْ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع لَا يَدْخُلُ الصَّائِمُ الْحَمَّامَ وَ لَا يَحْتَجِمُ وَ لَا يَتَعَمَّدُ صَوْمَ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنْ أَيَّامِ صِيَامِهِ.
(The book) ‘Kitab Al Arous’ of the sheykh Ja’far Bin Ahmad Al Qummi, may Allah-azwj Mercy him, from Abu Maryam who said,
‘Ali-asws said: ‘The fasting one should neither enter the bathhouse, nor get cupping done, nor deliberately fast the day of Friday except if it happens to be from days of his fasting’’.[37]
باب 33 من أفطر لظن دخول الليل
CHAPTER 33 – ONE WHO BREAKS FAST GUESSING THE NIGHT HAS ENTERED
1- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ أُنَاسٍ صَامُوا فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَغَشِيَهُمْ سَحَابٌ أَسْوَدُ عِنْدَ مَغْرِبِ الشَّمْسِ فَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُ اللَّيْلُ فَأَفْطَرُوا أَوْ أَفْطَرَ بَعْضُهُمْ ثُمَّ إِنَّ السَّحَابَ فَصَلَ عَنِ السَّمَاءِ فَإِذَا الشَّمْسُ لَمْ تَغِبْ
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Abu Baseer who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about some people who fasted in a month of Ramazan and a black cloud overcame them at setting of the sun. They thought that it is the night so they broke their fasts, or one of them boke. Then the cloud cleared from the sun, and behold, the sun had not set!’
قَالَ عَلَى الَّذِي أَفْطَرَ قَضَاءُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ فَمَنْ أَكَلَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ اللَّيْلُ فَعَلَيْهِ قَضَاؤُهُ لِأَنَّهُ أَكَلَ مُتَعَمِّداً.
He-asws said: ‘Upon the one who breaks is repaying (fasting again) of that day. Allah-azwj Says: then complete the Fast up to the night; [2:187]. The one who eats before entry of the night, upon him is its repaying because he has eaten deliberately’’.[38]
2- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ: عَلَى الَّذِي أَفْطَرَ الْقَضَاءُ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ فَمَنْ أَكَلَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ اللَّيْلُ فَعَلَيْهِ قَضَاؤُهُ لِأَنَّهُ أَكَلَ مُتَعَمِّداً.
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Sama’at who said,
‘Upon the one who breaks is the repayment (fasting again), because Allah-azwj the Exalted Says: then complete the Fast up to the night; [2:187]. The one who eats before the night enter, upon him is its repayment (fasting again), because he has eaten deliberately’’.[39]
باب 34 ما يوجب الكفارة و أحكامها و حكم ما يلزم فيه التتابع
CHAPTER 34 – WHAT OBLIGES THE EXPIATION (PENALTY) AND ITS RULINGS, AND RULING OF WHAT NECESSITATES THE CONSECUTIVE FASTING IN IT
1- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام ل، الخصال الْمُظَفَّرُ الْعَلَوِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ الْعَيَّاشِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شُجَاعٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْفَتْحِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْجُرْجَانِيِ أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَبِي الحسين [الْحَسَنِ] ع يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ وَاقَعَ امْرَأَةً فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مِنْ حِلٍّ أَوْ حَرَامٍ فِي يَوْمٍ عَشْرَ مَرَّاتٍ
(The book) ‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws, (and) ‘Al Khisaal’ – Al Muzaffar Al Alawy, from Ibn Ayyashi, from his father, from Ja’far Bin Ahmad, from Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Shuja’a, from Muhammad Bin Usman, from Humeyd Bin Muhammad, from Ahmad Bin Al-Hassan Bin Salih, from his father, from Al Fat’h Bin Yazeed Al Kurjany,
‘He wrote to Abu Al-Hassan-asws asking him-asws about a man who had marital relations with a woman in a month of Ramazan, whether from Permissible or Prohibited, ten times during a day.
قَالَ عَلَيْهِ عَشْرُ كَفَّارَاتٍ لِكُلِّ مَرَّةٍ كَفَّارَةٌ فَإِنْ أَكَلَ أَوْ شَرِبَ فَكَفَّارَةُ يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ.
He-asws said: ‘Regarding it there are ten expiations (penalties), and expiation of every time. If he eats or drinks, expiation is one day’’.[40]
2- مع، معاني الأخبار أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ حَازِمٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمُؤْمِنِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ص فَقَالَ هَلَكْتُ هَلَكْتُ
(The book) ‘Ma’any Al Akhbaar’ – My father, from Sa’ad, from Musa Bin Al-Hassan, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Hameed, from Ibn Ameera, from Ibn Hazim, from Abdul Momin Al Ansari,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘A man came to the Prophet-saww. He said, ‘I am destroyed! I am destroyed!’
فَقَالَ وَ مَا أَهْلَكَكَ
He-saww said: ‘And what has destroyed you?’
قَالَ أَتَيْتُ امْرَأَتِي فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ أَنَا صَائِمٌ
He said, ‘I went to my wife in the month of Ramazan while I was fasting!’
فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ص أَعْتِقْ رَقَبَةً
The Prophet-saww said to him: ‘Liberate a neck (slave)!’
فَقَالَ لَا أَجِدُ
He said, ‘I cannot find’.
قَالَ فَصُمْ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ
He-saww said: ‘Fast two consecutive months!’
فَقَالَ لَا أُطِيقُ
He said, ‘I cannot endure’.
فَقَالَ تَصَدَّقْ عَلَى سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً
He-saww said: ‘Give charity to sixty poor ones!’
قَالَ لَا أَجِدُ
He said, ‘I cannot find’.
قَالَ فَأُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ ص بِعَرَقٍ أَوْ مِكْتَلٍ فِيهِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعاً مِنْ تَمْرٍ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص خُذْهَا وَ تَصَدَّقْ بِهَا
He-asws said, ‘The Prophet-saww was brought a basket or container wherein were fifteen Sa’a(s) of dates. The Prophet-saww said: ‘Take it and give charity with it!’
فَقَالَ وَ الَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ نَبِيّاً مَا بَيْنَ لَابَتَيْهَا أَهْلُ بَيْتٍ أَحْوَجُ إِلَيْهِ مِنَّا
He said, ‘By the One Who Sent you-saww with the truth as a Prophet-saww! Between Al Bat’ha (Al-Medina), there is no family needier to it than we are!’
فَقَالَ خُذْهُ وَ كُلْهُ أَنْتَ وَ أَهْلُكَ فَإِنَّهُ كَفَّارَةٌ لَكَ.
He-saww said: ‘Take it and you and your family eat it, for it is an expiation for you’’.[41]
3- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام مع، معاني الأخبار ابْنُ عُبْدُوسٍ عَنِ ابْنِ قُتَيْبَةَ عَنْ حَمْدَانَ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنِ الْهَرَوِيِّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلرِّضَا ع يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ آبَائِكَ ع فِيمَنْ يُجَامِعُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَوْ أَفْطَرَ فِيهِ ثَلَاثُ كَفَّارَاتٍ وَ رُوِيَ عَنْهُمْ أَيْضاً كَفَّارَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَبِأَيِّ الْخَبَرَيْنِ نَأْخُذُ
(The book) ‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws, (and) ‘Ma’any Al Akhbaar’ – Ibn Ubdous, from Ibn Quteyba, from Hamdan Bin Suleyman, from Al Harwy who said,
‘I said to Al-Reza-asws, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! It has been reported from your-asws forefathers-asws regarding the one who has marital relations during a month of Ramazan, or breaks during it, there are three expiations (penalties), and it is being reported from them-asws as well, one expiation. With which of the two reports should we take?’
قَالَ بِهِمَا جَمِيعاً مَتَى جَامَعَ الرَّجُلُ حَرَاماً أَوْ أَفْطَرَ عَلَى حَرَامٍ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَعَلَيْهِ ثَلَاثُ كَفَّارَاتٍ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ وَ صِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ وَ إِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً وَ قَضَاءُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ
He-asws said: ‘With both of them together. When a man has Prohibited marital relations or breaks upon Prohibited during a month of Ramazan, upon him are three expiations – liberation of a neck (slave), and fasting two months consecutively, and feeding sixty poor ones, and repayment (fasting again) of that day.
وَ إِنْ كَانَ نَكَحَ حَلَالًا أَوْ أَفْطَرَ عَلَى حَلَالٍ فَعَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ وَ قَضَاءُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ نَاسِياً فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ.
And if he had Permissible marital relations or broke upon the Permissible, upon him is one expiation, and repayment of that day, and if he had done it out of forgetfulness, there is nothing upon him’’.[42]
4- ج، الإحتجاج قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ بَابَوَيْهِ فِي الْخَبَرِ الَّذِي رَوَى فِيمَنْ أَفْطَرَ يَوْماً مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مُتَعَمِّداً عَلَيْهِ ثَلَاثُ كَفَّارَاتٍ فَإِنِّي أُفْتِي بِهِ فِيمَنْ أَفْطَرَ بِجِمَاعٍ مُحَرَّمٍ عَلَيْهِ لِوُجُودِي ذَلِكَ فِي رِوَايَاتِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْأَسَدِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِيمَا وَرَدَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الشَّيْخِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ الْعَمْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ.
(The book) ‘Al Ihtijaj’ –
‘Abu Ja’far Bin Babuwayh said regarding the report which is being reported regarding one who deliberately breaks a day from a month of Ramazan, there are three expiations upon him, ‘I give fatwa with it regarding the one who breaks with Prohibited marital relations, upon him, due to my finding that in reports by Abu Al-Hassan Al-Asady, may Allah-azwj be Satisfied with him, among what was referred to him from the sheykh Abu Ja’far Muhammad Bin Usman Al-Amry, may Allah-azwj be Satisfied with him’’.[43]
5- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام مَتَى وَجَبَ عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ صَوْمُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ فَصَامَ شَهْراً وَ صَامَ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ الثَّانِي أَيَّاماً ثُمَّ أَفْطَرَ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَبْنِيَ عَلَيْهِ فَلَا بَأْسَ وَ إِنْ صَامَ شَهْراً أَوْ أَقَلَّ مِنْهُ وَ لَمْ يَصُمْ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ الثَّانِي شَيْئاً عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُعِيدَ صَوْمَهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ أَفْطَرَ لِمَرَضٍ فَلَهُ أَنْ يَبْنِيَ عَلَى مَا صَامَ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ حَبَسَهُ
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws: ‘When it is obligated upon the person to fast two months consecutively, so he fasts a month and fasts some days from the second month, then he breaks, upon him is to build upon it, there is no problem, and if he has fast a month or less than it, and did not fast anything from the second month, upon him is to repeat his fasts except if he happened to have broken due to an illness, for him is that he builds upon what he has fasted, because Allah-azwj had Withheld him.
وَ اعْلَمْ أَنَّ الْكَفَّارَاتِ عَلَى مِثْلِ الْمُوَاقَعَةِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ الْأَكْلِ وَ الشُّرْبِ فَعَلَيْهِ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ أَوْ صَوْمُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ أَوْ إِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً فَإِنْ عَاوَدَ لَزِمَهُ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِثْلُ الْكَفَّارَةِ الْأُولَى
And know that the expiation is based upon the like of having marital relations during a month of Ramazan, and eating, and drinking. Upon him, for each day, is either to liberate a neck, or fasting two months consecutively, or feeding sixty poor ones, and if he repeats, it would necessitate him for every day, the similar to the first expiation.
وَ قَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ الثَّلَاثَ عَلَيْهِ وَ هَذَا الَّذِي يَخْتَارُهُ خَوَاصُّ الْفُقَهَاءِ ثُمَّ لَا يُدْرِكُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ أَبَداً.
And it has been reported that the three (expiations) are upon him, and this is which the special (Shia) jurists have chosen, he will not come across similar to that day, ever!’’[44]
6- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام مَنْ جَامَعَ فِي صَوْمِهِ فَعَلَيْهِ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَإِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ نِصْفُ صَاعٍ بِصَاعِ النَّبِيِّ ص
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws: ‘One who has marital relations during his fasting, upon him is to liberate a neck. If he cannot find, then feeding sixty poor ones, half a Sa’a for each poor one, the Sa’a of the Prophet-saww.
وَ قَدْ قِيلَ رُبُعُ صَاعٍ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِمَا يُمْكِنُهُ وَ يَقْضِي يَوْماً مَكَانَهُ وَ مِنْ أَيْنَ لَهُ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ.
And it has been said, ‘A quarter of a Sa’ad. If he is not able, he can give charity with what is possible for him and repay (fast again) a day in its place, and from where can it be for him, the like of that day?’’[45]
7- ين، كتاب حسين بن سعيد و النوادر عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَتَى أَهْلَهُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مُتَعَمِّداً قَالَ عَلَيْهِ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ وَ إِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً وَ صِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ وَ قَضَاءُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ وَ مِنْ أَيْنَ لَهُ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ.
The book of Husayn Bin Saeed, and ‘Al Nawadir’ – Usman Bin Isa, from Sama’at who said,
‘I asked him-asws about a man who deliberately goes to his wife during a month of Ramazan. He-asws said: ‘Upon him is to liberate a neck, and feed sixty poor ones, and fast two months consecutively, and repayment of that day, and from where can it be for him, the likes of that day?’’[46]
8- ين، كتاب حسين بن سعيد و النوادر عَنْهُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَصِقَ بِأَهْلِهِ فَأَنْزَلَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ إِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ مُدٌّ.
The book of Husayn Bin Saeed, and ‘Al Nawadir’, from him, said,
‘I asked him-asws about a man who clings to his wife so he ejaculates. He-asws said: ‘Upon him is to feed sixty poor ones, a ‘Mudd’ for each poor one’’.[47]
9- ين، كتاب حسين بن سعيد و النوادر عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَفْطَرَ يَوْماً مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مُتَعَمِّداً فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ص فَقَالَ هَلَكْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ
The book of Husayn Bin Saeed, and ‘Al Nawadir’, from Jameel Bin Darraj,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, he-asws was asked about a man who deliberately breaks a day from a month of Ramazan. He-asws said: ‘A man came to the Prophet-saww. He said, ‘I am destroyed, O Rasool-Allah-saww!’
فَقَالَ وَ مَا لَكَ
He-saww said: ‘And what is the matter with you?’
فَقَالَ النَّارُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ
He said, ‘The Hellfire, O Rasool-Allah-saww!’
فَقَالَ وَ مَا لَكَ
He-saww said: ‘And what is the matter with you?’
فَقَالَ إِنِّي وَقَعْتُ بِأَهْلِي فِي رَمَضَانَ
He said, ‘I had marital relations with my wife during Ramazan!’
قَالَ تَصَدَّقْ وَ اسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ
He-saww said: ‘Give charity and seek Forgiveness of Allah-azwj!’
فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ فَوَ الَّذِي عَظَّمَ حَقَّكَ
The man said, ‘By the One Who Magnified your-saww right!’
وَ قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ قَالَ فَوَ الَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ مَا تَرَكْتُ فِي الْبَيْتِ شَيْئاً قَلِيلًا وَ لَا كَثِيراً
And Ibn Umeyr said (reported), ‘By the One Who Sent you-saww with the truth! I have nothing left behind in the house, neither little nor more!’
قَالَ فَدَخَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ بِمِكْتَلِ تَمْرٍ فِيهِ عِشْرُونَ صَاعاً يَكُونُ عَشَرَةَ أَصْوُعٍ بِصَاعِنَا هَذَا هُنَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص خُذْ هَذَا التَّمْرَ فَتَصَدَّقْ
He-asws said: ‘A man from the people entered with a basket of dates wherein were twenty Sa’a of dates, between ten Sa’a of our (measurement) of Sa’a, this over here. Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Take these dates and give in charity!’
فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ عَلَى مَنْ أَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ وَ قَدْ أَخْبَرْتُكَ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِي بَيْتِي قَلِيلٌ وَ لَا كَثِيرٌ
He said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! To whom shall I give charity with it, and I have informed you that there isn’t (anything) in my house, neither little nor more!’
فَقَالَ خُذْهُ وَ أَطْعِمْهُ عِيَالَكَ وَ اسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ.
He-saww said: ‘Take it and feed it to your dependants, and seek Forgiveness of Allah-azwj’’.[48]
نَرْوِي عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي رَجُلٍ يُلَاعِبُ أَهْلَهُ أَوْ جَارِيَتَهُ وَ هُوَ فِي قَضَاءِ رَمَضَانَ فَيَسْبِقُهُ الْمَاءُ وَ يُنْزِلُ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْكَفَّارَةِ مِثْلُ مَا عَلَى الَّذِي يُجَامِعُ فِي رَمَضَانَ.
We are reporting from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding a man who played with his wife or his slave girl while he was in fulfilling Ramazan. The water preceded him and he ejaculated. He-asws said: ‘Upon him, from the expiation, is similar to what is upon the one who has marital relations during Ramazan’’.[49]
10- ين، كتاب حسين بن سعيد و النوادر عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أُخِذَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ قَدْ أَفْطَرَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ قَالَ يُدْفَعُ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ فَيُقْتَلُ فِي الثَّالِثِ.
The book of Husayn Bin Saeed, and ‘Al Nawadir’, from Sama’at who said,
‘I asked him-asws about a man who was caught during a month of Ramazan and he had broken, three times. He-asws said: ‘He would be handed over to the Imam and be killed during the third’’.[50]
11- نَوَادِرُ الرَّاوَنْدِيِّ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ: أُتِيَ عَلِيٌّ ع بِرَجُلٍ أَفْطَرَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ نَهَاراً مِنْ غَيْرِ عِلَّةٍ فَضَرَبَهُ تِسْعَةً وَ ثَلَاثِينَ سَوْطاً لِحَقِّ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ.
(The book) ‘Nawadir’ of Al Rawandy – By his chain,
‘From Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘A man was brought to Ali-asws who had broken during a month of Ramazan at daytime from without a reason. He-asws struck him thirty-nine lashes for the right of the month of Ramazan’’.[51]
وَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ: أُتِيَ عَلِيٌّ ع بِرَجُلٍ شَرِبَ خَمْراً فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَضَرَبَهُ الْحَدَّ وَ ضَرَبَهُ تِسْعَةً وَ ثَلَاثِينَ سَوْطاً لِحَقِّ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ.
And by this chain, said, ‘Ali-asws was brought a man who had drunk wine during a month of Ramazan. He-asws struck him the legal penalty and struck him thirty-nine lashes for the right of the month of Ramazan’’.[52]
12- الْهِدَايَةُ، قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع مَنْ أَفْطَرَ يَوْماً مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ خَرَجَ مِنْهُ رُوحُ الْإِيمَانِ وَ مَنْ أَفْطَرَ يَوْماً مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَوْ جَامَعَ فِيهِ فَعَلَيْهِ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ أَوْ صِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ أَوْ إِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ مُدٌّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ وَ أَنَّى بِمِثْلِهِ وَ مَنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ نَاسِياً فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ.
(The book) ‘Al Hidaya’ –
‘Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘One who breaks a day from a month of Ramazan, the spirit of Eman will exit from him, and one who breaks a day from a month of Ramazan or has marital relations in it, upon him is to either liberate a neck, or fast two months consecutively, or feed sixty poor ones, for each poor one being a ‘Mudd’ of food, and upon him is to repay (fast again) for that day, and where can there be the likes of it, and one who does that out of forgetfulness, there is nothing upon him’’.[53]
13- دَعَائِمُ الْإِسْلَامِ، رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَتَى رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي قَدْ هَلَكْتُ
(The book) ‘Da’aim Al Islam’ –
‘We are reporting from Ali-asws, may the Salawaat of Allah-azwj be upon him-asws, he-asws said: ‘A man came to Rasool-Allah-saww during a month of Ramazan. He said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! I have been destroyed!’
قَالَ وَ مَا ذَاكَ
He-saww said: ‘And what is that?’
قَالَ بَاشَرْتُ أَهْلِي فَغَلَبَتْنِي شَهْوَتِي حَتَّى وَصَلْتُ
He said, ‘I embraced my wife and my lustful desires overcame me until I climaxed!’
قَالَ هَلْ تَجِدُ عِتْقاً
He said, ‘Can you find a liberation (of a slave)?’
قَالَ لَا وَ اللَّهِ وَ مَا مَلَكْتُ مَمْلُوكاً قَطُّ
He said, ‘Bo, by Allah-azwj, and I don’t own any slave at all!’
قَالَ فَصُمْ شَهْرَيْنِ
He-saww said: ‘Fast two months (consecutively)’.
قَالَ وَ اللَّهِ مَا أُطِيقُ عَلَى الصَّوْمِ-
He said, ‘By Allah-azwj, I cannot endure upon the fasting!’
قَالَ فَانْطَلِقْ فَأَطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً
He-saww said: ‘Go and feed sixty poor ones!’
قَالَ وَ اللَّهِ مَا أَقْوَى عَلَيْهِ
He said, ‘By Allah-azwj, I am not (financially) strong upon that!’
قَالَ فَأَمَرَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص بِخَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعاً وَ قَالَ اذْهَبْ فَأَطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ مُدٌّ
He-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww ordered for him fifteen Sa’a(s) (of dates) and said: ‘Go and feed sixty poor ones, a Mudd (each)!’
قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَ الَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ مَا بَيْنَ لَابَتَيْهَا مِنْ بَيْتٍ أَحْوَجَ مِنَّا
He said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! By the One Who Sent you-saww with the truth! There is no household at Al-Bat’ha (Medina) who is needier than we are!’
قَالَ فَانْطَلِقْ فَكُلْهُ أَنْتَ وَ أَهْلُكَ.
He-saww said: ‘Then go and eat it, you and your family members!’’[54]
وَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنْ أَفْطَرَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مُتَعَمِّداً نَهَاراً فَإِنِ اسْتَطَاعَ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ رَقَبَةً أَعْتَقَهَا وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ صَامَ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ أَطْعَمَ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَلْيَتُبْ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ يَسْتَغْفِرُهُ
And from Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, he-asws said: ‘One who deliberately breaks at daytime during a month of Ramazan, if he is able to liberate a neck he should liberate it, and if he is not able, he should fast two months consecutively. If he is not able, he should feed sixty poor ones consecutively. If he cannot find, let him repent to Allah-azwj and seek His-azwj Forgiveness.
فَمَتَى أَطَاقَ الْكَفَّارَةَ كَفَّرَ وَ عَلَيْهِ مَعَ الْكَفَّارَةِ قَضَاءُ يَوْمٍ مَكَانَ الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي أَفْطَرَ.
When he can endure the expiation, he should expiate, and upon him, along with the expiation, is repaying (fasting again) a day in place of the day which he had broken’’.[55]
وَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي الرَّجُلِ يَعْبَثُ بِأَهْلِهِ فِي نَهَارِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ حَتَّى يُمْنِيَ إِنَّ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءَ وَ الْكَفَّارَةَ.
And from Abu Ja’far Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws, he-asws said: ‘Regarding the man who plays with his wife during a day of a month of Ramazan until he ejaculates, upon him is the repayment (fasting again) and the expiation’’.[56]
وَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُقَبِّلُ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ هُوَ صَائِمٌ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَوْ يُبَاشِرُهَا فَقَالَ إِنِّي أَتَخَوَّفُ عَلَيْهِ وَ أَنْ يَتَنَزَّهَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ.
And from Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, he-asws was asked about the man who kisses his wife while he is fasting during a month of Ramazan, or he embraces her. He-asws said: ‘I-asws fear upon him, and if he can stay away from that, it would be more beloved to me-asws’’.[57]
وَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِذَا جَامَعَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ فِي نَهَارِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ هِيَ نَائِمَةٌ لَا تَدْرِي أَوْ مَجْنُونَةٌ فَعَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ وَ الْكَفَّارَةُ وَ لَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهَا.
And from Ali-asws, may the Salawaat of Allah-azwj be upon him-asws, he-asws said: ‘When the man has marital relations with his wife during a day of a month of Ramazan, and he is sleeping, not knowing, or insane, upon him is the repayment (fasting again), and the expiation, and there is nothing upon her’’.[58]
وَ عَنْهُ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ أَصْبَحَ صَائِماً ثُمَّ نَامَ قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ الْأُولَى فَأَصَابَتْهُ جَنَابَةٌ فَاسْتَيْقَظَ ثُمَّ عَاوَدَ النَّوْمَ وَ لَمْ يَقْضِ الصَّلَاةَ الْأُولَى حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ وَقْتُ الصَّلَاةِ الْأُخْرَى فَعَلَيْهِ قَضَاءُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ.
And from him-asws, he-asws said: ‘Whichever man comes to a morning fasting, then he sleeps before the first Salat, and he is hit by sexual impurity, so he wakes up, then goes back to sleep and he does not fulfil the first Salat until time for the next Salat enters, upon him is repayment (fasting again) of that day’’.[59]
وَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِيمَنْ وَطِئَ امْرَأَتَهُ فِي لَيْلِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ يَتَطَهَّرُ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ فَإِنْ ضَيَّعَ الطُّهْرَ وَ نَامَ مُتَعَمِّداً حَتَّى يَطْلُعَ الْفَجْرُ فَلْيَغْتَسِلْ وَ لْيَسْتَغْفِرْ رَبَّهُ وَ يُتِمُّ صَوْمَهُ وَ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَتَعَمَّدِ النَّوْمَ وَ غَلَبَتْهُ عَيْنَاهُ حَتَّى أَصْبَحَ فَلْيَغْتَسِلْ حِينَ يَقُومُ وَ يُتِمُّ صَوْمَهُ وَ لَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ.
And from Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws having said regarding the one who has marital relations with his wife during a night of a month of Ramazan, he should purify before the emergence of dawn. If he wastes the cleansing and sleeps deliberately until the emergence of dawn, let him wash and seek Forgiveness of his Lord-azwj and complete his fast, and upon him is repayment (fasting again) of that day, and if he had not slept deliberately and his eyes had been overcome until morning, let him wash when he arises and complete his fast, and there is nothing upon him’’.[60]
وَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ رَبَّنا لا تُؤاخِذْنا إِنْ نَسِينا أَوْ أَخْطَأْنا قَالَ اسْتُجِيبَ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ فِي الَّذِي يَنْسَى فَيُفْطِرُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ
And from Ali-asws having said regarding Words of Allah-azwj: ‘Our Lord! Do not Seize us if we forget or we make a mistake. [2:286]. He-asws said: ‘That has been Answered for them regarding the one who forgets, so he breaks during a month of Ramazan.
وَ قَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص رَفَعَ اللَّهُ عَنْ أُمَّتِي خَطَأَهَا وَ نِسْيَانَهَا وَ مَا أُكْرِهَتْ عَلَيْهِ فَمَنْ أَكَلَ نَاسِياً فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَلْيَمْضِ عَلَى صَوْمِهِ وَ لَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنَّهُ أَطْعَمَهُ.
And Rasool-Allah-saww had said: ‘Allah-azwj has Raised from my-saww community, their mistakes and their forgetfulness, and whatever it is coerced upon. So, the one who eats forgetfully during a month of Ramazan, let him continue upon his fast and there is nothing upon him, and He-azwj has Fed him’’.[61]
وَ رُوِّينَا عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِذَا اسْتَدْعَى الصَّائِمُ الْقَيْءَ فَتَقَيَّأَ مُتَعَمِّداً فَقَدِ اسْتَخَفَّ بِصَوْمِهِ وَ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ وَ إِنْ ذَرَعَهُ الْقَيْءُ وَ لَمْ يَمْلِكْ ذَلِكَ وَ لَا اسْتَدْعَاهُ فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ.
And we are reporting from Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws having said: ‘When the fasting one induces the vomiting, so he vomits deliberately, he has taken lightly with his fast, and upon him is repayment (fasting again) of that day, and if the vomiting overcomes him and he cannot control that nor does he induce it, there is nothing upon him’’.[62]
وَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ وَ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا فِيمَنْ أَكَلَ أَوْ شَرِبَ أَوْ جَامَعَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ قَدْ طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ وَ هُوَ لَا يَعْلَمُ بِطُلُوعِهِ فَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ نَظَرَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ إِلَى مَوْضِعِ مَطْلِعِ الْفَجْرِ فَلَمْ يَرَهُ طَلَعَ فَلَمَّا أَكَلَ نَظَرَ فَرَآهُ قَدْ طَلَعَ فَلْيَمْضِ فِي صَوْمِهِ وَ لَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ أَكَلَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ ثُمَّ عَلِمَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ أَكَلَ بَعْدَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ فَلْيُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ وَ يَقْضِي يَوْماً مَكَانَهُ.
And from Ali-asws, and Abu Ja’far-asws, and Abu Abdullah-asws, they-asws said regarding the one who eats or drinks or has marital relations during a month of Ramazan, and the dawn has emerged and he knows of its emergence, ‘If before he had eaten he looked at the place of emergence of the dawn but did not see it emerging, so when he ate he looked and saw it, let him continue in his fasting and there is nothing upon him, and if he had eaten before he looked, then came to know that he had eaten after the emergence of dawn, let him complete his fast and fulfil (fast again) a day in its place’’.[63]
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَإِنْ قَامَ رَجُلَانِ فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا هَذَا الْفَجْرُ قَدْ طَلَعَ وَ قَالَ الْآخَرُ مَا أَرَى شَيْئاً طَلَعَ يَعْنِي وَ هُمَا مَعاً مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ وَ الْمَعْرِفَةِ بِطُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ وَ صِحَّةِ الْبَصَرِ
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Two men stand, so one of them says, ‘This is the dawn, it has emerged’, and the other says, ‘I cannot see anything emerging’, meaning and they are both together from the people of knowledge and the recognition of the emergence of dawn, and are of healthy vision.
قَالَ فَلِلَّذِي لَمْ يَسْتَبِنِ الْفَجْرَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ وَ يَشْرَبَ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَهُ وَ عَلَى الَّذِي تَبَيَّنَهُ أَنْ يُمْسِكَ عَنِ الطَّعَامِ وَ الشَّرَابِ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ وَ كُلُوا وَ اشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ
He-asws said: ‘The one to whom the dawn is unclear, for him is he can eat and drink until it is clear, and upon the one it is clear to him is that he should withhold from the food and the drink before Allah-azwj Says: eat and drink until it is clear for you, the white thread from the black thread at dawn [2:187].
فَأَمَّا إِنْ كَانَ أَحَدُهُمَا أَعْلَمَ أَوْ أَحَدَّ بَصَراً مِنَ الْآخَرِ فَعَلَى الَّذِي هُوَ دُونَهُ فِي الْعِلْمِ وَ النَّظَرِ أَنْ يَقْتَدِيَ بِهِ.
As for if one of them knew or was of sharper vision than the other, upon the one who is below him in the knowledge and the looking is that he should be led by him’’.[64]
وَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنْ رَأَى أَنَّ الشَّمْسَ قَدْ غَرَبَتْ فَأَفْطَرَ وَ ذَلِكَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهَا لَمْ تَغِبْ فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ.
And from Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws having said: ‘One who views that the sun has set so he breaks, and that is during a month of Ramazan, then it becomes clear to him after that that it has not set, there is nothing upon him’’.[65]
وَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع أَنَّهُ رَخَّصَ فِي الْكُحْلِ لِلصَّائِمِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَجِدَ طَعْمَهُ فِي حَلْقِهِ وَ كَذَلِكَ السِّوَاكُ الرَّطْبُ وَ لَا بَأْسَ بِالْيَابِسِ.
And from Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, he-asws had allowed regarding the Kohl for the fasting one except if he feels its taste in his throat, and like that is the wet toothbrush, and there is no problem with the dry one’’.[66]
وَ عَنْهُ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: الصَّائِمُ يَمْضَغُ الْعِلْكَ وَ يَذُوقُ الْخَلَّ وَ الْمَرَقَةَ وَ الطَّعَامَ وَ يَمْضَغُهُ لِلطِّفْلِ وَ لَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ مَا لَمْ يَصِلْ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ إِلَى حَلْقِهِ
And from him-asws, he-asws said: ‘The fasting one can chew the gum, and takes the vinegar and the food, and chew it for the child, and there is nothing upon him regarding that for as long as nothing arrives to his throat.
فَأَمَّا مَا كَانَ مِنَ الْفَمِ فَمَجَّهُ وَ تَمَضْمَضَ احْتِيَاطاً مِنْ أَنْ يَصِلَ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ إِلَى حَلْقِهِ فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ لِأَنَّهُ يَتَمَضْمَضُ بِالْمَاءِ وَ إِنَّمَا يُفَطِّرُ الصَّائِمَ مَا جَازَ إِلَى حَلْقِهِ.
As for what was in the mouth, he should spit it out and rinse as a precaution from something from it reaching his throat. There is nothing upon him regarding it because he rinses with the water, and rather what breaks the fast is what passes through to his throat’’.[67]
وَ عَنْهُ ع أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الصَّائِمِ يَحْتَجِمُ فَقَالَ أَكْرَهُ لَهُ ذَلِكَ مَخَافَةَ الْغَشْيِ أَوْ أَنْ يَثُورَ بِهِ مِرَّةٌ فَيَقِيءَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَتَخَوَّفْ ذَلِكَ فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ وَ يَحْتَجِمُ إِنْ شَاءَ.
And from him-asws, he-asws was asked about the fasting one getting cupping done. He-asws said: ‘I-asws dislike that for him fearing the fainting, or if the bile is revolting with him so he vomits. If he does not fear that, there is nothing upon him, and he can get cupping done if he so desires’’.[68]
وَ عَنْهُ ع أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ لِلصَّائِمِ شَمَّ الطِّيبِ وَ الرَّيْحَانِ وَ الِارْتِمَاسَ فِي الْمَاءِ.
And from him-asws, he-asws disliked for the fasting one to smell the perfume, and the aromatic plant, and the diving into the water’’.[69]
وَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع أَنَّهُ نَهَى الصَّائِمَ عَنِ الْحُقْنَةِ وَ قَالَ إِنِ احْتَقَنَ أَفْطَرَ.
And from Ali-asws, he-asws prohibited the fasting one from the enema, and said: ‘If he uses enema, he breaks (his fast)’’.[70]
وَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الصَّائِمِ يُقَطِّرُ الدُّهْنَ فِي أُذُنِهِ فَقَالَ إِنْ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ حَلْقَهُ فَلَا بَأْسَ.
And from Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, he-asws was asked about the fasting one dropping drips of oil into his ear. He-asws said: ‘If it does not enter his throat, there is no problem’’.[71]
وَ قَالَ: فِي الذُّبَابِ يَبْدُرُ فَيَدْخُلُ حَلْقَ الصَّائِمِ فَلَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى قَذْفِهِ لَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ.
And he-asws said regarding the fly rushing entering the throat of a fasting one, and he is not able upon expelling it: ‘There is nothing upon him’’.[72]
وَ سُئِلَ ع عَنِ الصَّائِمِ يَتَوَضَّأُ لِلصَّلَاةِ فَيَتَمَضْمَضُ فَيَسْبِقُ الْمَاءُ إِلَى حَلْقِهِ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ وُضُوؤُهُ لِلصَّلَاةِ الْمَكْتُوبَةِ فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ قَضَى ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ.
And he-asws was asked about the fasting one performing Wud’u for the Salat, so he rinses (his mouth) and the water proceeds to his throat. He-asws said: ‘If his Wud’u was for the Prescribed Salat, there is nothing upon him, and if it was for other than that, he should fulfil (fast again) of that day’’.[73]
باب 35 من جامع أو أفطر في الليل أو أصبح جنبا أو احتلم في اليوم
CHAPTER 35 – ONE WHO HAS MARITAL RELATION OR BREAKS DURING THE NIGHT OR COMES TO A MORNING WITH SEXUAL IMPURITY, OR BED-WETS DURING THE DAY
1- فس، تفسير القمي أَبِي رَفَعَهُ قَالَ قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع كَانَ النِّكَاحُ وَ الْأَكْلُ مُحَرَّمَيْنِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ بِاللَّيْلِ بَعْدَ النَّوْمِ يَعْنِي كُلُّ مَنْ صَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ وَ نَامَ وَ لَمْ يُفْطِرْ ثُمَّ انْتَبَهَ حُرِّمَ عَلَيْهِ الْإِفْطَارُ وَ كَانَ النِّكَاحُ حَرَاماً بِاللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ
Tafseer Al Qummi – My father raising it, said,
‘Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘The marital relations and the eating were Prohibited during a month of Ramazan at night after the sleep, meaning every one who had prayed Al-Isha and slept and had not broken his fast, then he woke up, the breaking was Prohibited unto him, and the marital relations were Prohibited at night and daytime during a month of Ramazan.
وَ كَانَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ص يُقَالُ لَهُ خَوَّاتُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ أَخُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ الَّذِي كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَكَلَهُ بِفَمِ الشِّعْبِ فِي يَوْمِ أُحُدٍ فِي خَمْسِينَ مِنَ الرُّمَاةِ فَفَارَقَهُ أَصْحَابُهُ وَ بَقِيَ فِي اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا فَقُتِلَ عَلَى بَابِ الشِّعْبِ
And there was a man from companions of the Prophet-saww called Khawwat Bin Jubeyr, brother of Abdullah Bin Jubeyr whom Rasool-Allah-saww had allocated at the entrance of a cavern among fifty lancers. His companions separated from him and he remained among twelve men, and he fought at the entrance of the cavern.
وَ كَانَ أَخُوهُ هَذَا خَوَّاتُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ شَيْخاً ضَعِيفاً وَ كَانَ صَائِماً فَأَبْطَأَتْ عَلَيْهِ أَهْلُهُ بِالطَّعَامِ فَنَامَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ فَلَمَّا انْتَبَهَ قَالَ لِأَهْلِهِ قَدْ حُرِّمَ عَلَيَّ الْأَكْلُ فِي هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ
And this brother of his, Khuwat Bin Jubeyr, was an old man, weak, and he was fasting. His wife delayed the meal to him, so he slept before he broke the fast. When he woke up, he said to his wife, ‘The eating is Prohibited unto me during this night’.
فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ حَضَرَ حَفْرَ الْخَنْدَقِ فَأُغْمِيَ عَلَيْهِ فَرَآهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَرَقَّ لَهُ وَ كَانَ قَوْمٌ مِنَ الشَّبَابِ يَنْكِحُونَ بِاللَّيْلِ سِرّاً فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ
When it was morning, he attended digging of the ditch (for the battle of Al-Khandaq). There was unconsciousness upon him. Rasool-Allah-saww saw him and felt pity for him; and there was a group of youths having marital relations at night secretly during the month of Ramazan.
فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلى نِسائِكُمْ هُنَّ لِباسٌ لَكُمْ وَ أَنْتُمْ لِباسٌ لَهُنَّ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ تَخْتانُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ فَتابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَ عَفا عَنْكُمْ فَالْآنَ بَاشِرُوهُنَّ وَ ابْتَغُوا ما كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَ كُلُوا وَ اشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ
Allah-azwj Revealed: Permissible for you during the night of the Fast, is the going to your wives; they are an apparel for you and you are an apparel for them. Allah knows you were deceiving yourselves, but He still Turned towards you and Excused you. As for now, sleep with them and seek what Allah has Ordained for you; and eat and drink until it is clear for you, the white thread from the black thread at dawn, then complete the Fast up to the night; [2:187].
فَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى النِّكَاحَ بِاللَّيْلِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ الْأَكْلَ بَعْدَ النَّوْمِ إِلَى طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ لِقَوْلِهِ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ قَالَ هُوَ بَيَاضُ النَّهَارِ مِنْ سَوَادِ اللَّيْلِ.
Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Permitted the marital relations at night during the month of Ramazan and the eating after the sleeping, up to the emergence of dawn, due to His-azwj Words: until it is clear for you, the white thread from the black thread at dawn [2:187]. He‑asws said: ‘It is whiteness of the day from blackness of the night’’.[74]
2- ب، قرب الإسناد ابْنُ رِئَابٍ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ أَنَا حَاضِرٌ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُجْنِبُ بِاللَّيْلِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَيَنَامُ وَ لَا يَغْتَسِلُ حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ يَغْتَسِلُ وَ يُصَلِّي وَ يَصُومُ.
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Isnaad’ – Ibn Riab who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws was asked while I was present, about the man who becomes with sexual impurity at night during a month of Ramazan, so he sleeps and does not wash until morning. He-asws said: ‘There is no problem. He can wash and pray Salat and fast’’.[75]
3- ب، قرب الإسناد مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَجْنَبَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ بِاللَّيْلِ ثُمَّ نَامَ حَتَّى أَصْبَحَ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Isnaad’ – Muhammad Bin Al Waleed, from Ibn Bukeyr who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about a man whom becomes with sexual impurity during a month of Ramazan at night, then he sleeps until morning. He-asws said; ‘There is no problem’.
قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَجْنَبَ بِالنَّهَارِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ اسْتَيْقَظَ أَ يُتِمُّ صَوْمَهُ
He (the narrator) said, ‘And I asked him-asws about a man who becomes with sexual impurity at daytime during a month of Ramazan, then he wakes up. Should he complete his fast?’
قَالَ نَعَمْ.
He-asws said: ‘Yes’’.[76]
4- ب، قرب الإسناد أَيُّوبُ بْنُ نُوحٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي زَيْنَبَةَ قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ع أَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَجْنَبَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مِنْ أَوَّلِ اللَّيْلِ فَأَخَّرَ الْغُسْلَ حَتَّى يَطْلُعَ الْفَجْرُ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيَّ بِخَطِّهِ أَعْرِفُهُ مَعَ مُصَادِفٍ يَغْتَسِلُ مِنْ جَنَابَتِهِ وَ يُتِمُّ صَوْمَهُ وَ لَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ.
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Isnaad’ – Ayoub Bin Nuh, from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Suleyman Bin Abu Zaynab who said,
‘I wrote to Abu Al-Hassan Musa-asws asking him-asws about a man who becomes with sexual impurity during a month of Ramazan from beginning of the night. He delays the washing until the emergence of dawn. He-asws wrote to me in his-asws own handwriting: ‘I-asws recognise him as being with haphazardness. He should wash from his sexual impurity, and complete his fast, and there is nothing upon him’’.[77]
5- ع، علل الشرائع عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ حَمْدَانَ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لِأَيِّ عِلَّةٍ لَا يُفَطِّرُ الِاحْتِلَامُ الصَّائِمَ وَ النِّكَاحُ يُفَطِّرُ الصَّائِمَ
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – Ali Bin Hatim, from Al Qasim Bin Muhammad, from Hamdan Bin Al-Husayn, from Al-Husayn Bin Al Waleed, from Umar Bin Yazeed who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘For which reason the bed-wetting does not break the fasting one while the marital relations breaks the fasting one?’
قَالَ لِأَنَّ النِّكَاحَ فِعْلُهُ وَ الِاحْتِلَامَ مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ.
He-asws said: ‘Because the marital relation was his deed while the bed-wetting was done with him’’.[78]
6- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام إِنِ احْتَلَمْتَ نَهَاراً لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْكَ قَضَاءُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ وَ إِنْ أَصَابَتْكَ جَنَابَةٌ فِي أَوَّلِ اللَّيْلِ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ تَنَامَ مُتَعَمِّداً وَ فِي نِيَّتِكَ أَنْ تَقُومَ وَ تَغْتَسِلَ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws: ‘If you bed wet at daytime, there would not be upon you to re-fast for that day, and if sexual impurity hits you in the beginning of the night, there is no problem if you were to deliberately sleep while it is in your intention that you will be arising and washing before the dawn.
فَإِنْ غَلَبَكَ النَّوْمُ حَتَّى تُصْبِحَ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ انْتَبَهْتَ فِي بَعْضِ اللَّيْلِ ثُمَّ نِمْتَ وَ تَوَانَيْتَ وَ لَمْ تَغْتَسِلْ وَ كَسِلْتَ فَعَلَيْكَ صَوْمُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ وَ إِعَادَةُ يَوْمٍ آخَرَ مَكَانَهُ
If the sleep overcomes you until morning, there isn’t anything upon you except if you happen to wake upon in part of the night, then you sleep and hesitated to wash and were lazy, so upon you is fasting of that day and repeating another day in its place.
وَ إِنْ تَعَمَّدْتَ النَّوْمَ إِلَى أَنْ تُصْبِحَ فَعَلَيْكَ قَضَاءُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ وَ الْكَفَّارَةُ وَ هُوَ صَوْمُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ أَوْ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ أَوْ إِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً وَ مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَسَحَّرَ فَلَهُ ذَلِكَ إِلَى أَنْ يَطْلُعَ الْفَجْرُ
And you deliberately slept until morning, upon you is re-fasting of that day and the expiation, and it is fasting two months consecutively, or liberating a neck, or feeding sixty poor ones; and one who intends to have a pre-dawn meal, that is for him until the emergence of dawn.
وَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ نَظَرَا فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا هَذَا الْفَجْرُ قَدْ طَلَعَ وَ قَالَ الْآخَرُ مَا طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ بَعْدُ فَحَلَّ التَّسَحُّرُ لِلَّذِي لَمْ يَرَهُ أَنَّهُ طَلَعَ وَ حَرُمَ عَلَى الَّذِي يَرَاهُ أَنَّهُ طَلَعَ
And if two men look, so one of them says, ‘This is the dawn, it has emerged!’, and the other says, ‘The dawn has not emerged yet!’, the pre-dawn meal is Permissible for the one who did not see it to have emerged, and Prohibited unto the one who saw it as having emerged.
وَ لَوْ أَنَّ قَوْماً مُجْتَمِعِينَ سَأَلُوا أَحَدَهُمْ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ وَ يَنْظُرَ هَلْ طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ ثُمَّ قَالَ قَدْ طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ وَ ظَنَّ بَعْضُهُمْ أَنَّهُ يَمْزَحُ فَأَكَلَ وَ شَرِبَ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ.
And if a were to gather and they ask one of them to go out and look whether the dawn has emerged, then he said, ‘The dawn has emerged’, and one of them thinks that he is joking, so he eats and drinks, upon him is to re-fast that day’’.[79]
7- نَوَادِرُ الرَّاوَنْدِيِّ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ: سُئِلَ عَلِيٌّ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ احْتَلَمَ أَوْ جَامَعَ وَ نَسِيَ أَنْ يَغْتَسِلَ مِنْهُ جُمْعَةً وَ هُوَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ ع عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءُ الصَّلَاةِ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءُ صِيَامِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ.
(The book) ‘Nawadir’ of Al Rawandy – By his chain,
‘From Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Ali-asws was asked about a man who bed-wets or has marital relations and forgets to wash from it for a week, and he is in a month of Ramazan. He-asws said: ‘Upon him is re-doing the Salat and it isn’t upon him to re-fast the fasts of the month of Ramazan’’.[80]
باب 36 آداب الصائم
CHAPTER 36 – ETIQUETTES OF THE FASTING ONE
الآيات مريم فَقُولِي إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ لِلرَّحْمنِ صَوْماً فَلَنْ أُكَلِّمَ الْيَوْمَ إِنْسِيًّا.
The Verses – (Surah) Maryam-as: then say: ‘I vowed to the Beneficent a Fast, so I will never speak today to a human’ [19:26].
1- لي، الأمالي للصدوق الْفَامِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ بُنَانِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ يُصْبِحُ صَائِماً فَيُشْتَمُ فَيَقُولُ إِنِّي صَائِمٌ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا قَالَ الرَّبُّ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى اسْتَجَارَ عَبْدِي بِالصَّوْمِ مِنْ عَبْدِي أَجِيرُوهُ مِنْ نَارِي وَ أَدْخِلُوهُ جَنَّتِي.
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – Al Famy, from Muhammad Al Himeyri, from his father, from Bunan Bin Muhammad, from his father, from Ibn Al Mugheira, from Al Sakuni,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws father-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘There is none from a servant who comes to a morning fasting, and he is insulted so he says, ‘I am fasting. Greeting be upon you!’, except the Lord-azwj Blessed and Exalted Says: ‘My-azwj servant is seeking shelter with the fast from My-azwj servant! Shelter him from My-azwj Hellfire and Admit him into My-azwj Paradise!”’[81]
2- ل، الخصال أَبِي عَنِ السَّعْدَآبَادِيِّ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنِ الْكُوفِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ عَبْدِ السَّلَامِ الْإِسْكَافِ عَنْ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ مَأْمُونٍ وَ كَانَتِ ابْنَتُهُ تَحْتَ الْحَسَنِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ع قَالَ: تُحْفَةُ الصَّائِمِ أَنْ يَدْهُنَ لِحْيَتَهُ وَ يُجَمِّرَ ثَوْبَهُ وَ تُحْفَةُ الْمَرْأَةِ الصَّائِمَةِ أَنْ تَمْشُطَ رَأْسَهَا وَ تُجَمِّرَ ثَوْبَهَا
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – My father, from Al Sa’dabady, from Al Barqy, from Al Kufi, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Abdullah Bin Ayoub, from Abdul Salaam Al Iskaaf,
‘From Umeyr Bin Mamoun, and his daughter was under (wife of) Al-Hassan-asws, from Al-Hassan-asws Bin Ali-asws having said: ‘A gift of the fasting man is that he oils his beard and perfume his clothes with incense, and a gift of the fasting woman is that she combs her hair and perfumes her clothes with incense.
وَ كَانَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ ع إِذَا صَامَ يَتَطَيَّبُ بِالطِّيبِ وَ يَقُولُ الطِّيبُ تُحْفَةُ الصَّائِمِ.
And it was so, whenever Abu Abdullah Al-Husayn-asws Bin Ali-asws fasted, he-asws would perfume with the perfume and said: ‘The perfume is a gift of the fasting one’’.[82]
3- ل، الخصال الْعَطَّارُ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ الْخَشَّابِ عَنْ غِيَاثِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ كَرِهَ لِي سِتَّ خِصَالٍ وَ كَرِهْتُهُنَّ لِلْأَوْصِيَاءِ مِنْ وُلْدِي وَ أَتْبَاعِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْدِي الْعَبَثَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ وَ الرَّفَثَ فِي الصَّوْمِ وَ الْمَنَّ بَعْدَ الصَّدَقَةِ وَ إِتْيَانَ الْمَسَاجِدِ جُنُباً وَ التَّطَلُّعَ فِي الدُّورِ وَ الضَّحِكَ بَيْنَ الْقُبُورِ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – Al Attar, from Sa’ad, from Al Khashab, from Giyas Bin Ibrahim, from Is’haq Bin Ammar,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Dislikes six characteristics for me-saww and I-saww dislike these for the successors-asws from my‑saww sons-asws from after me-saww – the vanity during the Salat, and marital relations during the fasting, and the reproach (of conferment) after the charity, and going to the Masjid while being with sexual impurity, and the peeping into the houses, and the laughing between the graves’’.[83]
4- ما، الأمالي للشيخ الطوسي عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص رُبَّ صَائِمٍ حَظُّهُ مِنْ صِيَامِهِ الْجُوعُ وَ الْعَطَشُ وَ رُبَّ قَائِمٍ حَظُّهُ مِنْ قِيَامِهِ السَّهَرُ.
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of the sheykh Al Tusi – from Abu Hureyra (well-known fabricator) who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Sometimes a fasting one, his share from his fasting is (only) the hunger and the thirst, and sometimes a standing one (in Salat), his share from his standing is (only) the vigil (sleeplessness)’’.[84]
5- ع، علل الشرائع أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بِإِسْنَادٍ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَقَالَ: أُقَبِّلُ وَ أَنَا صَائِمٌ
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – My father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Isa, from Al-Husayn, by a chain, raising it, said,
‘A man came to Amir Al-Momineen-asws. He said, ‘Can I kiss while I am fasting?’
فَقَالَ أَعِفَّ صَوْمَكَ فَإِنَّ بَدْوَ الْقِتَالِ اللِّطَامُ.
He-asws said: ‘Excuse your fast for the beginning of the fighting is the slapping’’.[85]
6- ع، علل الشرائع ابْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنِ السَّيَّارِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ عَنْ حَنَانِ بْنِ سَدِيرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الصَّائِمِ يَسْتَنْقِعُ فِي الْمَاءِ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ وَ لَكِنْ لَا يَنْغَمِسُ وَ الْمَرْأَةُ لَا تَسْتَنْقِعُ فِي الْمَاءِ فَإِنَّهَا تَحْمِلُ الْمَاءَ بِقُبُلِهَا.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – Ibn Al Waleed, from Muhammad Al Attar, from Ash’ary, from Al Sayyari, from Muhammad Bin Ali Al Hamdany, from Hanan Bin Sadeyr who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the fasting one soaking in the water. He-asws said: ‘There is no problem, but he should not submerge, and the woman cannot soak in the water for she might carry the water with her front’’.[86]
7- مع، معاني الأخبار عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمُذَكِّرُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الطَّبَرِيِّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْعَدَوِيِّ عَنْ خِرَاشٍ مَوْلَى أَنَسٍ عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ تَأَمَّلَ خَلْفَ امْرَأَةٍ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُ حَجْمُ عِظَامِهَا مِنْ وَرَاءِ ثِيَابِهَا وَ هُوَ صَائِمٌ فَقَدْ أَفْطَرَ.
(The book) ‘Ma’any Al Akhbaar’ – Ali Bin Abdullah Al Muzakkir, from Ali Bin Ahmad Al Tabari, from Al-Hassan Bin Ali Al Adawy, from Kharash, a slave of Anas, from Anas (well known fabricator) who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘One who ponders (gazes) behind a woman until the shape of her bones are evident to him from behind her clothes, and he is fasting, so he has broken’’.[87]
8- ثو، ثواب الأعمال الْعَطَّارُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنِ الْجَامُورَانِيِّ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْأَوَّلُ ع قِيلُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يُطْعِمُ الصَّائِمَ وَ يَسْقِيهِ فِي مَنَامِهِ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – Al Attar, from his father, from Al Ash’ary, from Al Jamourani, from Mansour Bin Al Abbas, from Amro Bin Saeed, from Al-Hassan Bin Sadaqa who said,
‘Abu Al-Hassan-asws the 1st said: ‘Take a nap, for Allah-azwj Feeds the fasting one and Quenches him during his sleep!’’[88]
9- ثو، ثواب الأعمال أَبِي وَ ابْنُ الْوَلِيدِ مَعاً عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ وَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ مَعاً عَنِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنِ السَّيَّارِيِّ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع قَالَ: مَنْ تَطَيَّبَ بِطِيبٍ أَوَّلَ النَّهَارِ وَ هُوَ صَائِمٌ لَمْ يَفْقِدْ عَقْلَهُ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – My father and Ibn Al Waleed, both together from Muhammad Al Attar and Ahmad Bin Idrees both together, from Al Ash’ary, from Al Sayyari Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Yunus Bin Yaqoub,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws having said: ‘One who perfumes with perfume in the beginning of the day, and he is fasting, will not lose his intellect’’.[89]
10- ص، قصص الأنبياء عليهم السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ إِلَى الصَّدُوقِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ دُرُسْتَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع قَالَ: قَالَ لُقْمَانُ لِابْنِهِ يَا بُنَيَّ صُمْ صِيَاماً يَقْطَعُ شَهْوَتَكَ وَ لَا تَصُمْ صِيَاماً يَمْنَعُكَ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ فَإِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ أَعْظَمُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنَ الصَّوْمِ.
(The book) ‘Qasas Al-Anbiya-as’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – by the chain to Al Sadouq, from his father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Isa, from his father, from Dorost, from Ibrahim Bin Abdul Hameed,
‘From Abu Al-Hassan-asws having said: ‘Luqman-as said to his-as son: ‘O my-as son! Fast such a fast cutting your lustful desires, and do not fast a fast preventing you from the Salat, for the Salat is mightier in the Presence of Allah-azwj than the fast’’.[90]
11- سن، المحاسن ابْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ إِذَا أَحْسَنَ الْمُؤْمِنُ عَمَلَهُ ضَاعَفَ اللَّهُ عَمَلَهُ لِكُلِّ حَسَنَةٍ سَبْعَمِائَةٍ وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى وَ اللَّهُ يُضاعِفُ لِمَنْ يَشاءُ فَأَحْسِنُوا أَعْمَالَكُمُ الَّتِي تَعْمَلُونَهَا لِثَوَابِ اللَّهِ
(The book) ‘Al Mahasin’ – Ibn Mahboub, from Umar Bin Yazeed who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘When a Momin does an excellent good deed, Allah-azwj Multiplies his deed, for every good deed a seven hundred multiple, and that is the Word of Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted: and Allah Multiplies for the one He so desires to; [2:261]. Therefore, be excellent in your deeds which you are doing for the Rewards of Allah-azwj!’
فَقُلْتُ لَهُ وَ مَا الْإِحْسَانُ
I said to him-asws, ‘And what is the excellence?’
قَالَ فَقَالَ إِذَا صَلَّيْتَ فَأَحْسِنْ رُكُوعَكَ وَ سُجُودَكَ وَ إِذَا صُمْتَ فَتَوَقَّ كُلَّ مَا فِيهِ فَسَادُ صَوْمِكَ وَ إِذَا حَجَجْتَ فَتَوَقَّ مَا يَحْرُمُ عَلَيْكَ فِي حَجِّكَ وَ عُمْرَتِكَ
He (the narrator) said, ‘He-asws said: ‘When you pray Salat, then be excellent in your Ruk’u and your Sajdah, and when you fast then save from all what in which is spoiling of your fast, and when you perform Hajj save from whatever is Prohibited unto you in your Hajj and your Umrah’.
قَالَ وَ كُلُّ عَمَلٍ تَعْمَلُهُ فَلْيَكُنْ نَقِيّاً مِنَ الدَّنَسِ.
He-asws said: ‘And every deed you do, let it be pure from the filth’’.[91]
12- صح، صحيفة الرضا عليه السلام عَنِ الرِّضَا عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع ثَلَاثَةٌ لَا يَعْرِضَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ نَفْسَهُ عَلَيْهِنَّ وَ هُوَ صَائِمٌ الْحِجَامَةُ وَ الْحَمَّامُ وَ الْمَرْأَةُ الْحَسْنَاءُ.
(The book) ‘Saheefa Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws, from his-asws forefathers‑asws having said: ‘Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws said: ‘Three (matters), not one of you should expose himself to these, and it is a fasting one getting cupping done, and the bathhouse, and the beautiful woman’’.[92]
13- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام اعْلَمْ يَرْحَمُكَ اللَّهُ أَنَّ الصَّوْمَ حِجَابٌ ضَرَبَهُ اللَّهُ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ عَلَى الْأَلْسُنِ وَ الْأَسْمَاعِ وَ الْأَبْصَارِ وَ سَائِرِ الْجَوَارِحِ لِمَا لَهُ فِي عَادَةٍ مِنْ سِرِّهِ وَ طَهَارَةِ تِلْكَ الْحَقِيقَةِ حَتَّى يُسْتَرَ بِهِ مِنَ النَّارِ
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws: ‘Know, may Allah-azwj Mercy you, that the fast is a veil Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Struck upon the tongues, and the ears, and the eyes, and rest of the limbs due to what is for it in a norm from its secrets and purity of that reality until he veils by it from the Hellfire.
وَ قَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ جَارِحَةٍ حَقّاً لِلصِّيَامِ فَمَنْ أَدَّى حَقَّهَا كَانَ صَائِماً وَ مَنْ تَرَكَ شَيْئاً مِنْهَا نَقَصَ مِنْ فَضْلِ صَوْمِهِ بِحَسَبِ مَا تَرَكَ مِنْهَا
And Allah-azwj has Made a right for the fasting one upon every limb. The one who fulfils its right would be a fasting one, and one who neglects something from these is deficient from the grace of his fast in accordance to what he has left out from it.
وَ قَدْ رُوِيَ رُخْصَةٌ فِي قُبْلَةِ الصَّائِمِ وَ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَتَنَزَّهَ عَنْ مِثْلِ هَذَا قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَ مَا يَسْتَحْيِي أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ لَا يَصْبِرَ يَوْماً إِلَى اللَّيْلِ إِنَّهُ كَانَ يُقَالُ إِنَّ بَدْوَ الْقِتَالِ اللِّطَامُ.
And it has been reported, that it is allowed for the fasting one to kiss, and better than that is if he were to abstain from this. Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘Isn’t one of you ashamed not to be patient for a day up to the night? Surely it has been said that the beginning of the fighting is the slapping’’.[93]
14- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام نَرْوِي عَنْ بَعْضِ آبَائِنَا أَنَّهُ قَالَ إِذَا صُمْتَ فَلْيَصُمْ سَمْعُكَ وَ بَصَرُكَ وَ جِلْدُكَ وَ شَعْرُكَ وَ اتَّقِ فِي صَوْمِكَ الْقُبْلَةَ وَ الْمُبَاشَرَةَ.
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws: ‘We-asws are reporting from one of our-asws forefathers-asws that he-asws said: ‘When you fast, so let your hearing, and your sight, and your skin, and your hair fast, and fear during your fast the kissing and the hugging (the wife)’’.[94]
15- ين، كتاب حسين بن سعيد و النوادر النَّضْرُ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِذَا صُمْتَ فَلْيَصُمْ سَمْعُكَ وَ بَصَرُكَ وَ جِلْدُكَ وَ عَدَّدَ أَشْيَاءَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ
The book of Husayn Bin Saeed, and ‘Al Nawadir’ – Al Nazr, from Al Qasim Bin Suleyman, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Whenever you fast, let your hearing, and your sight, and your skin, and your skin, and a number of things other than that, fast’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ فَلَا يَكُونُ يَوْمُ صَوْمِكَ مِثْلَ يَوْمِ فِطْرِكَ.
Then he-asws said: ‘The day of your fasting should not be like the day of your breaking’’.[95]
16- ين، كتاب حسين بن سعيد و النوادر النَّضْرُ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ جَرَّاحٍ الْمَدَائِنِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِذَا أَصْبَحْتَ صَائِماً فَلْيَصُمْ سَمْعُكَ وَ بَصَرُكَ مِنَ الْحَرَامِ وَ جَارِحَتُكَ وَ جَمِيعُ أَعْضَائِكَ مِنَ الْقَبِيحِ وَ دَعْ عَنْكَ الْهَذْيَ وَ أَذَى الْخَادِمِ وَ لْيَكُنْ عَلَيْكَ وَقَارُ الصِّيَامِ وَ الْزَمْ مَا اسْتَطَعْتَ مِنَ الصَّمْتِ وَ السُّكُوتِ إِلَّا عَنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَ لَا تَجْعَلْ يَوْمَ صَوْمِكَ كَيَوْمِ فِطْرِكَ وَ إِيَّاكَ وَ الْمُبَاشَرَةَ وَ الْقُبَلَ وَ الْقَهْقَهَةَ بِالضَّحِكِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهِ مَقَتَ ذَلِكَ.
From the book of Husayn Bin Saeed, and ‘Al Nawadir’ – Al Nazr, from Al Qasim, from Jarrah Al Madainy who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Whenever you come to a morning fasting, let your hearing and your sight fast (abstain) from the Prohibited, and your limbs and entirety of your body parts (abstain) from the ugliness, and leave from you the idle talk, and hurting the servant, and let there be upon you dignity of the fasting, and necessitate from the silence as much as you can, and the quietness except from Zikr of Allah-azwj, and do not make the day of your fasting to be like the day of your breaking, and beware of the embracing and the kissing, and the guffawing with the laughter, for Allah-azwj Hates that’’.[96]
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ الصِّيَامَ لَيْسَ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَ الشَّرَابِ وَحْدَهُ إِنَّمَا لِلصَّوْمِ شَرْطٌ يُحْتَاجُ أَنْ يُحْفَظَ حَتَّى يَتِمَّ الصَّوْمُ وَ هُوَ صَمْتُ الدَّاخِلِ أَ مَا تَسْمَعُ مَا قَالَتْ مَرْيَمُ بِنْتُ عِمْرَانَ إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ لِلرَّحْمنِ صَوْماً فَلَنْ أُكَلِّمَ الْيَوْمَ إِنْسِيًّا يَعْنِي صَمْتاً
And from him, from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The fasting isn’t from the food and the drink alone. But rather, there is a condition for the fast needed to be preserved until the fast is completed, and it is the inner silence. Have you not heard what Maryam-as Bint Imran-as had said: ‘I vowed to the Beneficent a Fast, so I will never speak today to a human’ [19:26], meaning silence.
فَإِذَا صُمْتُمْ فَاحْفَظُوا أَلْسِنَتَكُمْ عَنِ الْكَذِبِ وَ غُضُّوا أَبْصَارَكُمْ وَ لَا تَنَازَعُوا وَ لَا تَحَاسَدُوا وَ لَا تَغْتَابُوا وَ لَا تَمَارَوْا وَ لَا تَكْذِبُوا وَ لَا تَبَاشَرُوا وَ لَا تَخَالَفُوا وَ لَا تَغَاضَبُوا وَ لَا تَسَابُّوا وَ لَا تَشَاتَمُوا وَ لَا تَفَاتَرُوا وَ لَا تَجَادَلُوا وَ لَا تَتَأَذَّوْا وَ لَا تَظْلِمُوا وَ لَا تَسَافَهُوا وَ لَا تَضَاجَرُوا وَ لَا تَغْفُلُوا عَنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ
Whenever you fast, protect your tongues from the lying, and close your eyes (from the Prohibited), and neither dispute, nor envy, nor backbite, nor have bitter arguments, nor belie, nor embrace, nor oppose, nor be angry, nor revile, nor insult, nor curse, nor argue, nor hurt, nor be unjust, nor be foolish, nor rebuke each other, nor be heedless from Zikr of Allah-azwj and from the Salat!
وَ الْزَمُوا الصَّمْتَ وَ السُّكُوتَ وَ الْحِلْمَ وَ الصَّبْرَ وَ الصِّدْقَ وَ مُجَانَبَةَ أَهْلِ الشَّرِّ وَ اجْتَنِبُوا قَوْلَ الزُّورِ وَ الْكَذِبَ وَ الْفَرْيَ وَ الْخُصُومَةَ وَ ظَنَّ السَّوْءِ وَ الْغِيبَةَ وَ النَّمِيمَةَ وَ كُونُوا مُشْرِفِينَ عَلَى الْآخِرَةِ مُنْتَظِرِينَ لِأَيَّامِكُمْ مُنْتَظِرِينَ لِمَا وَعَدَكُمُ اللَّهُ مُتَزَوِّدِينَ لِلِقَاءِ اللَّهِ
And necessitate the silence and the quietness, and the gentleness, and the patience, and the truthfulness, and shun the evil people, and shun the false word, and the lie, and the fabrication, and the disputing, and the evil thoughts, and the backbiting, and the gossiping, and be overlooking at the Hereafter awaiting your days, awaiting for what Allah-azwj has Promised you, awaiting to meet Allah-azwj!
وَ عَلَيْكُمُ السَّكِينَةَ وَ الْوَقَارَ وَ الْخُشُوعَ وَ الْخُضُوعَ وَ ذُلَّ الْعَبِيدِ الْخُيَّفِ مِنْ مَوْلَاهُ خَيِّرِينَ خَائِفِينَ رَاجِينَ مَرْعُوبِينَ مَرْهُوبِينَ رَاغِبِينَ رَاهِبِينَ قَدْ طَهَّرْتَ الْقَلْبَ مِنَ الْعُيُوبِ وَ تَقَدَّسَتْ سَرَائِرُكُمْ مِنَ الْخَبَثِ وَ نَظَّفْتَ الْجِسْمَ مِنَ الْقَاذُورَاتِ وَ تَبَرَّأْتَ إِلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ عَدَاهُ وَ وَالَيْتَ اللَّهَ فِي صَوْمِكَ بِالصَّمْتِ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْجِهَاتِ مِمَّا قَدْ نَهَاكَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي السِّرِّ وَ الْعَلَانِيَةِ
And upon you should be the calmness, and the dignity, and the fearfulness, and the humbleness, and the humility of the slave fearing from his master, goodly, fearful, hopeful. Anxious, awed, desirous, reverent, having purified the heart from the faults and sanctified your secrets from the wickedness and cleansed the body from the filths, and flying to Allah‑azwj from His-azwj enemies and befriending Allah-azwj in your fasting with the silence from entirety of the aspects from what Allah-azwj has Prohibited you from, in the secrecy and the openness!
وَ خَشِيتَ اللَّهَ حَقَّ خَشْيَتِهِ فِي سِرِّكَ وَ عَلَانِيَتِكَ وَ وَهَبْتَ نَفْسَكَ لِلَّهِ فِي أَيَّامِ صَوْمِكَ وَ فَرَّغْتَ قَلْبَكَ لَهُ وَ نَصَبْتَ نَفْسَكَ لَهُ فِيمَا أَمَرَكَ وَ دَعَاكَ إِلَيْهِ
And fear Allah-azwj as is right of fearing Him-azwj, in your secrecy and your openness, and gift yourself to Allah-azwj during the days of your fasting and free your heart for Him-azwj, and install yourself for Him-azwj in what He-azwj has Commanded you and has Called you to.
فَإِذَا فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ فَأَنْتَ صَائِمٌ لِلَّهِ بِحَقِيقَةِ صَوْمِهِ صَانِعٌ لَهُ لِمَا أَمَرَكَ وَ كُلَّمَا نَقَصْتَ مِنْهَا شَيْئاً فِيمَا بَيَّنْتُ لَكَ فَقَدْ نَقَصَ مِنْ صَوْمِكَ بِمِقْدَارِ ذَلِكَ
When you have done that, all of it, then you are fasting for Allah-azwj with reality of His-azwj fasting, making for Him-azwj what He-azwj has Commanded you, and every time you break something from it regarding what I-asws have clarified to you, you have been deficient from your fasting by a measurement of that!
وَ إِنَّ أَبِي ع قَالَ سَمِعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص امْرَأَةً تُسَابُّ جَارِيَةً لَهَا وَ هِيَ صَائِمَةٌ فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص بِطَعَامٍ
And my-asws father-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww heard a woman reviling a slave girl of her while she was fasting. Rasool-Allah-saww called for a meal and said to her: ‘Eat!’
فَقَالَ لَهَا كُلِي فَقَالَتْ أَنَا صَائِمَةٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ
She said, ‘I am fasting, O Rasool-Allah-saww!’
فَقَالَ كَيْفَ تَكُونِينَ صَائِمَةً وَ قَدْ سَبَبْتِ جَارِيَتَكِ إِنَّ الصَّوْمَ لَيْسَ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَ الشَّرَابِ وَ إِنَّمَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكِ حِجَاباً عَنْ سِوَاهُمَا مِنَ الْفَوَاحِشِ مِنَ الْفِعْلِ وَ الْقَوْلِ يُفَطِّرُ الصَّائِمَ مَا أَقَلَّ الصُّوَّامَ وَ أَكْثَرَ الْجُوَّاعَ.
He-saww said: ‘How can you be fasting and you have reviled your slave girl? The fast isn’t (abstention) from the food and the drink (only), and rather Allah-azwj has Made that as a veil from (what is) besides the two, from the immoralities of the actions and the words breaking the fasting one (of his fast). How fear are the fasting ones, and how many are the hungry ones!’’[97]
17- أَقُولُ قَالَ السَّيِّدُ فِي كِتَابِ سَعْدِ السُّعُودِ وَجَدْتُ فِي صُحُفِ إِدْرِيسَ إِذَا دَخَلْتُمْ فِي الصِّيَامِ فَطَهِّرُوا نُفُوسَكُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ دَنَسٍ وَ نَجَسٍ وَ صُومُوا لِلَّهِ بِقُلُوبٍ خَالِصَةٍ صَافِيَةٍ مُنَزَّهَةٍ عَنِ الْأَفْكَارِ السَّيِّئَةِ وَ الْهَوَاجِسِ الْمُنْكَرَةِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ سَيَحْبِسُ الْقُلُوبَ اللَّطِخَةَ وَ النِّيَّاتِ الْمَدْخُولَةَ
I am saying, ‘Al Shaheed said in the book of Sa’d Bin Saoud,
‘I found in the Parchment of Idrees-as: ‘When you enter into the fasts, purify yourselves from every dirt and uncleanness, and fast for Allah-azwj with sincere hearts, clear, removed from the evil thoughts and the evil obsessions, for Allah-azwj Withholds (Rejects) the corrupt hearts and the insincere intentions!
وَ مَعَ صِيَامِ أَفْوَاهِكُمْ مِنَ الْمَآكِلِ فَلْتَصُمْ جَوَارِحُكُمْ مِنَ الْمَآثِمِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَرْضَى مِنْكُمْ أَنْ تَصُومُوا مِنَ الْمَطَاعِمِ فَقَطْ لَكِنْ مِنَ الْمَنَاكِيرِ كُلِّهَا وَ الْفَوَاحِشِ بِأَسْرِهَا.
And along with fasting (abstaining) your mouths from the foods, let your limbs fast from the sins, for Allah-azwj will not be Satisfied with you if you were to fast from the meals only, but from the evils, all of these, and the immoral acts’’.[98]
18- ختص، الإختصاص قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الصَّائِمُ فِي عِبَادَةٍ وَ إِنْ كَانَ نَائِماً عَلَى فِرَاشِهِ مَا لَمْ يَغْتَبْ مُسْلِماً.
(The book) ‘Al Ikhtisaas’ –
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The fasting one is in worship and even if he was sleeping upon his bed, for as long as he does not backbite a Muslim’’.[99]
19- نَوَادِرُ الرَّاوَنْدِيِّ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ يُصْبِحُ صَائِماً فَيُشْتَمُ فَيَقُولُ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ إِنِّي صَائِمٌ إِلَّا قَالَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ اسْتَجَارَ عَبْدِي مِنْ عَبْدِي بِالصِّيَامِ فَأَدْخِلُوهُ الْجَنَّةَ.
(The book) ‘Nawadir’ of Al Rawandy – By his chain,
‘From Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘There is none from a servant who comes to a morning fasting and he is insulted, so he says, ‘Greeting be upon you’, I am fasting!’, except Allah-azwj the Glorious Says: “My-azwj servant has sought shelter from My-azwj servant with the fasts. Admit him into the Paradise!”’[100]
20- دَعَوَاتُ الرَّاوَنْدِيِّ، قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع الْإِفْطَارُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ يَغْسِلُ ذُنُوبَ الْقَلْبِ
(The book) ‘Dawaat’ of Al Rawandy –
‘Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘Breaking the fast with the water washes sins of the heart’.
وَ قَالَ مَنْ تَطَيَّبَ بِطِيبٍ أَوَّلَ النَّهَارِ وَ هُوَ صَائِمٌ لَمْ يَفْقِدْ عَقْلَهُ.
And he-asws said: ‘One who perfumes with perfume in the beginning of the day while he is fasting will not lose his intellect’’.[101]
21- كِتَابُ الْغَارَاتِ، لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ نُبَاتَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي بَعْضِ خُطَبِهِ الصِّيَامُ اجْتِنَابُ الْمَحَارِمِ كَمَا يَمْتَنِعُ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَ الشَّرَابِ.
(The book) ‘Kitab Al Gharaat’ of Ibrahim Bin Muhammad Al Saqafi, by his chain from Ibn Nubata who said,
‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said in one of his sermons: ‘The fasts keeps one aside from the Prohibitions just as the man prevents from the food and the drink’’.[102]
22- نَهْجُ الْبَلَاغَةِ، قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع كَمْ مِنْ صَائِمٍ لَيْسَ لَهُ مِنْ صِيَامِهِ إِلَّا الظَّمَأُ وَ كَمْ مِنْ قَائِمٍ لَيْسَ لَهُ مِنْ قِيَامِهِ إِلَّا الْعَنَاءُ حَبَّذَا نَوْمُ الْأَكْيَاسِ وَ إِفْطَارُهُمْ.
(The book) ‘Nahj Al Balagah’ –
‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘How many a fasting one, there isn’t anything for him in his fast except for the thirst, and how many a standing one (for Salat) there isn’t anything for him in his standing (for Salat) except the tiredness. The sleep of the clever (intelligent) ones and their breaking (not fasting) is better’’.[103]
23- مَجَالِسُ الشَّيْخِ، عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ جَرَّاحٍ الْمَدَائِنِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ الصِّيَامَ لَيْسَ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَ الشَّرَابِ وَحْدَهُ
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of the sheykh – from Al-Husayn Bin Ubeydullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Yahya, from his father, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ali Bin Mahziyar, from Al-Hassan Bin Saeed, from Al Nazr Bin Suweyd, from Al Qasim Bin Suleyman, from Jarrah Al Madainy,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The fasting isn’t from the food and the drink alone!’
ثُمَّ قَالَ قَالَتْ مَرْيَمُ إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ لِلرَّحْمنِ صَوْماً أَيْ صَمْتاً فَإِذَا صُمْتُمْ فَاحْفَظُوا أَلْسِنَتَكُمْ وَ غُضُّوا أَبْصَارَكُمْ وَ لَا تَنَازَعُوا وَ لَا تَحْسُدُوا
Then he-asws said: ‘Maryam-as said: ‘I vowed to the Beneficent a Fast, [19:26], i.e. silence. So, when you fast, protect your tongues and close your eyes (from Prohibitions), and neither dispute nor envy each other!’
قَالَ وَ سَمِعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص امْرَأَةً تُسَابُّ جَارِيَةً لَهَا وَ هِيَ صَائِمَةٌ فَدَعَا بِطَعَامٍ وَ قَالَ لَهَا كُلِي
He-asws said: ‘And Rasool-Allah-saww heard a woman reviling a slave girl of her while she was fasting. He-saww called for a meal and said to her: ‘Eat!’
قَالَتْ إِنِّي صَائِمَةٌ
She said, ‘I am fasting’.
فَقَالَ كَيْفَ تَكُونِينَ صَائِمَةً وَ قَدْ سَبَبْتِ جَارِيَتَكِ إِنَّ الصَّوْمَ لَيْسَ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَ الشَّرَابِ.
He-saww: ‘How can you be fasting and you have reviled your slave girl? The fast isn’t from the food and the drink (only)!’’[104]
24- أَسْرَارُ الصَّلَاةِ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص كَمْ مِنْ صَائِمٍ لَيْسَ لَهُ مِنْ صِيَامِهِ إِلَّا الْجُوعُ وَ الْعَطَشُ.
(The book) ‘Asraar Al Salat’ –
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘How many a fasting one, there isn’t anything for him from his fasts except the hunger and the thirst!’’[105]
25- دَعَائِمُ الْإِسْلَامِ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: صَوْمُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَرْضٌ فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ وَ أَدْنَى مَا يَتِمُّ بِهِ فَرْضُ صَوْمِهِ الْعَزِيمَةُ مِنْ قَلْبِ الْمُؤْمِنِ عَلَى صَوْمِهِ بِنِيَّةٍ صَادِقَةٍ وَ تَرْكُ الْأَكْلِ وَ الشُّرْبِ وَ النِّكَاحِ فِي نَهَارِهِ كُلِّهِ وَ أَنْ يَحْفَظَ فِي صَوْمِهِ جَمِيعَ جَوَارِحِهِ كُلِّهَا مِنْ مَحَارِمِ اللَّهِ رَبِّهِ مُتَقَرِّباً بِذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ إِلَيْهِ فَإِذَا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ كَانَ مُؤَدِّياً لِفَرْضِهِ.
(The book) ‘Da’aim Al Islam’ –
‘From Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, may the Salawaat of Allah-azwj be upon him-asws, he-asws said: ‘Fast of a month of Ramazan is obligatory during every year, and least of what an obligation of his fast can be completed with is the determination from the heart of a Momin upon his fast with truthful intent, and leaving the eating and the drinking and the marital relation during his day, all of it, and he should protect entirety of his limbs, all of these from Prohibitions of Allah-azwj, his Lord-azwj, drawing closer with that, all of it, to Him-azwj. When he does that, he would be a fulfiller of his fast’’.[106]
وَ عَنْهُ ع عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ مَا يَصْنَعُ الصَّائِمُ بِصِيَامِهِ إِذَا لَمْ يَصُنْ لِسَانَهُ وَ سَمْعَهُ وَ بَصَرَهُ وَ جَوَارِحَهُ.
And from him-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws, from Fatima-asws daughter-asws of Rasool-Allah‑saww, she-asws said: ‘What will the fasting one do with his fast when he does not fortify his tongue, and his hearing, and his sight, and his limbs?’
وَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا صِيَامَ لِمَنْ عَصَى الْإِمَامَ وَ لَا صِيَامَ لِعَبْدٍ آبِقٍ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ وَ لَا صِيَامَ لِامْرَأَةٍ نَاشِزَةٍ حَتَّى تَتُوبَ وَ لَا صِيَامَ لِوَلَدٍ عَاقٍّ حَتَّى يَبَرَّ.
And from Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws having said: ‘There are no fasts for the one disobeying the Imam-asws, nor any fasts for an absconding slave until he return, nor any fasts for the rebellious wife until she repents, nor any fasts for the disloyal son until he is righteous’’.[107]
26- الْهِدَايَةُ، قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع إِذَا صُمْتَ فَلْيَصُمْ سَمْعُكَ وَ بَصَرُكَ وَ فَرْجُكَ وَ لِسَانُكَ وَ تَغُضُّ بَصَرَكَ عَمَّا لَا يَحِلُّ النَّظَرُ إِلَيْهِ وَ السَّمْعَ عَمَّا لَا يَحِلُّ اسْتِمَاعُهُ إِلَيْهِ وَ اللِّسَانَ مِنَ الْكَذِبِ وَ الْفُحْشِ.
(The book) ‘Al Hidaya’ –
‘Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘When you fast, let your hearing, and your sight, and your private parts, and your tongue fast, and close your eyes from what is not Permissible to look at, and the hearing from what is not Permissible to be listening to, and the tongue from the lying and the obscenities’’.[108]
وَ مِنْهُ، قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَشَمَّ الصَّائِمُ الطِّيبَ إِلَّا الْمَسْحُوقَ مِنْهُ لِأَنَّهُ يَصْعَدُ إِلَى دِمَاغِهِ.
And from him, ‘Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘There is no problem if the fasting one smells the perfume except the powdered from it, because it ascends to his brain’’.[109]
وَ مِنْهُ، قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُقَطِّرَ الصَّائِمُ فِي أُذُنِهِ الدُّهْنَ.
And from him, ‘Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘There is no problem if the fasting one drops drips of oil in his ear’’.[110]
وَ مِنْهُ، سُئِلَ الصَّادِقُ ع عَنِ الصَّائِمِ هَلْ يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَسْعُطَ أَوْ يَحْتَقِنَ فَقَالَ لَا.
And from him, ‘Al-Sadiq-asws was asked about the fasting one, ‘Is it allowed for him to use nasal drops or enemas?’ He-asws said: ‘No’’.[111]
وَ مِنْهُ، قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع الصَّائِمُ يَسْتَاكُ أَيَّ النَّهَارِ شَاءَ.
And from him, ‘Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘The fasting one can brush teeth in whichever (part of) the day he so desires to’’.[112]
وَ مِنْهُ، قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يَكْتَحِلُ الصَّائِمُ بِالصَّبِرِ وَ الْحُضُضِ- وَ بِالْكُحْلِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مِسْكاً.
And from him, ‘Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘There is no problem with the fasting one applying Kohl of the aloe and the collyrium, and with the Kohl (in general) for as long as it does not happen to be musk’’.[113]
وَ مِنْهُ، قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَتَمَضْمَضَ الصَّائِمُ وَ يَسْتَنْشِقَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ غَيْرِهِ فَإِنْ تَمَضْمَضَ فَلَا يَبْلَعْ رِيقَهُ حَتَّى يَبْزُقَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ.
And from him, ‘Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘There is no problem if the fasting one rinses (mouth) and inhales in his nose during a month of Ramazan, and other such. If he rinses, he should not swallow his saliva until he spits it out three times’’.[114]
27- كِتَابُ الْإِمَامَةِ وَ التَّبْصِرَةِ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْأَشْعَثِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص رُبَّ قَائِمٍ حَظُّهُ مِنْ قِيَامِهِ السَّهَرُ وَ رُبَّ صَائِمٍ حَظُّهُ مِنْ صِيَامِهِ الْعَطَشُ.
(The book) ‘Kitab Al Imama Wa Al Tabsira’ – from Sahl Bin Ahmad, from Muhammad Bin Muhammad Bin Al Ash’as,
‘From Musa Bin Ismail son of Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws, from his father-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Sometimes a standing one (in Salat), his share from his standing is (only) the sleeplessness, and sometimes a fasting one, his share from his fasts is (only) the thirst’’.[115]
28- الْمَجَازَاتُ النَّبَوِيَّةُ، قَالَ ع الصَّوْمُ جُنَّةٌ مَا لَمْ يَخْرِقْهَا.
(The book) ‘Al Majazaat Al Nabuwwa’ –
‘He-asws said: ‘The fast is a shield for as long as he does not pierce it’’.[116]
و هذه استعارة و ذلك أنه ع شبه الصوم الذي يجن صاحبه من لواذع العذاب و قوارع العقاب إذا أخلص له النية و أصلح فيه السريرة فجعل ع من اعتصم في صومه من الزلل و توقى جرائر القول و العمل كمن صان تلك الجنة و حفظها و جعل من اتبع نفسه هواها و أوردها رداها كمن خرق تلك الجنة و هتكها فصارت بحيث لا تجن من جارحة و لا تعصم من جانحة و ذلك من أحسن التمثيلات و أوقع التشبيهات.
And this is a metaphor, as he-asws has likened fasting, which protects its observer from the stings of torment and the blows of Punishment when he is sincere in his intention and honest in his secret thoughts. Thus, he-asws made the one who safeguards his fasting from faults and avoids the consequences of words and deeds like someone who preserves and maintains that protection. He made the one who follows his desires and leads himself to ruin like someone who tears and violates that protection, rendering it unable to guard against any harm or protect from any offense. This is one of the best representations and most effective comparisons.
باب 37 ما يثبت به الهلال و أن شهر رمضان ينقص أم لا و حكم صوم يوم الشك
CHAPTER 37 – WHAT THE CRESCENT CAN BE PROVEN WITH, AND WHETHER A MONTH OF RAMAZAN CAN BE DEFICIENT OR NOT, AND RULING OF FASTING ON THE DAY OF DOUBT
1- ب، قرب الإسناد عَلِيٌّ عَنْ أَخِيهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَرَى الْهِلَالَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَحْدَهُ لَا يُبْصِرُهُ غَيْرُهُ أَ لَهُ أَنْ يَصُومَ
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Isnaad’ –
‘Ali, from his brother-asws, he said, ‘I asked him-asws about the man who sees the crescent in a month of Ramazan, alone, no one else sees it, ‘Is it for him to fast?’
قَالَ إِذَا لَمْ يَشُكَّ فِيهِ فَلْيَصُمْ وَ إِلَّا فَلْيَصُمْ مَعَ النَّاسِ.
He-asws said: ‘When he has no doubt in it, let him fast, or else let him fast with the people’’.[117]
2- ل، الخصال أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ وَ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ وَ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ وَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى وَ ابْنِ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ مَعاً عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ وَ يُقَالُ مُعَاذُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ الْهَرَّاءُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ ثَلَاثُونَ يَوْماً لَا يَنْقُصُ وَ اللَّهِ أَبَداً.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – My father, from Sa’ad and Al Himeyri and Muhammad Al Attar and Ahmad Bin Idrees, altogether from Ibn Isa and Ibn Abu Al Khattab, both together from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Huzeyfa Bin Mansour, from Muaz Bin Kaseer, and it is said Muaz Bin Muslim Al Harra’a,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The month of Ramazan is of thirty days, not deficient, by Allah-azwj, ever!’’[118]
3- ل، الخصال مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ يَاسِرٍ الْخَادِمِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلرِّضَا ع هَلْ يَكُونُ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ تِسْعَةً وَ عِشْرِينَ يَوْماً
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – Majaylawiya, from Ali, from his father, from Yasser Al Khadim who said,
‘I said to Al-Reza-asws, ‘Can a month of Ramazan be of twenty-nine days?’
فَقَالَ إِنَّ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ لَا يَنْقُصُ عَنْ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْماً.
He-asws said: ‘A month of Ramazan cannot be deficient from thirty days’’.[119]
4- ل، الخصال ابْنُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنِ الْأَسَدِيِّ عَنِ النَّخَعِيِّ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ الْبَطَائِنِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ لِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ قَالَ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْماً.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – Ibn Al Mutawakkil, from Al Asady, from Al Nakhaie, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Batainy, from Abu Baseer who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: for you to perfect the number, [2:185]. He-asws said: ‘Thirty days’’.[120]
5- ل، الخصال أَبِي وَ ابْنُ الْوَلِيدِ مَعاً عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ عَنِ ابْنِ بَزِيعٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ ثَلَاثُونَ يَوْماً لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ لِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَ الْكَامِلُ تَامٌ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – My father and Ibn Al Waleed, both together from Sa’ad, from Ibn Abu Al Khattab, from Ibn Bazie, from Muhammad Bin Yaqoub Bin Shueyb, from his father,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said in a lengthy Hadeeth: ‘The month of Ramazan is of thirty days as per Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: for you to perfect the number, [2:185], and the perfection, is completion’’.[121]
قال الصدوق مذهب خواص الشيعة و أهل الاستبصار منهم في شهر رمضان أنه لا ينقص عن ثلاثين يوما أبدا و الأخبار في ذلك موافقة للكتاب و مخالفة للعامة فمن ذهب من ضعفة الشيعة إلى الأخبار التي وردت للتقية في أنه ينقص و يصيبه ما يصيب الشهور من النقصان و التمام اتقى كما يتقي العامة و لم يكلم إلا بما يكلم به العامة و لا قوة إلا بالله.
Al-Sadouq said: ‘The doctrine of the elite Shias and the discerning among them regarding the month of Ramazan is that it never decreases from thirty days. The reports on this matter are in agreement with the Book and contrary to the views of the general Muslims. Whoever among the weaker Shias follows the reports given out of dissimulation, which state that it can be shorter and can experience decrease or completion like other months, has practiced dissimulation as the general Muslims do. He is not speaking except as the general Muslims speak. There is no strength except with Allah-azwj’.
6- ل، الخصال الْقَطَّانُ عَنِ ابْنِ زَكَرِيَّا عَنِ ابْنِ حَبِيبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُهْلُولٍ عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ ع يَقُولُ وَ اللَّهِ مَا كَلَّفَ اللَّهُ الْعِبَادَ إِلَّا دُونَ مَا يُطِيقُونَ إِنَّمَا كَلَّفَهُمْ فِي الْيَوْمِ وَ اللَّيْلَةِ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ وَ كَلَّفَهُمْ فِي كُلِّ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ خَمْسَةً وَ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَماً وَ كَلَّفَهُمْ فِي السَّنَةِ صِيَامَ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْماً وَ كَلَّفَهُمْ حَجَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَ هُمْ يُطِيقُونَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – Al Qattan, from Ibn Zakariya, from Ibn Habeeb, from Ibn Bahloul, from Abu Muawiya, from Ismail Bin Mihran who said,
‘I heard Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws saying: ‘By Allah-azwj! Allah-azwj has not Encumbered the servants except what is below what they can endure. But rather He-azwj has Encumbered them (with praying) five Salat(s) during the day and the night, and Encumbered them (with paying Zakat of) twenty-five Dirham in every thousand Dirhams, and Encumbered them (with fasts) of thirty days during the year, and Encumbered them with one Hajj, and they can endure more than that!’’[122]
7- ل، الخصال فِي خَبَرِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع قَالَ: صِيَامُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَرِيضَةٌ يُصَامُ لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَ يُفْطَرُ لِرُؤْيَتِهِ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – In a report by Al Amsh,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws having said: ‘Fasts of a month of Ramazan are obligatory, fasted at its (crescent’s) sighting and breaking at its sighting’’.[123]
8- مع، معاني الأخبار أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ عَنِ ابْنِ بَزِيعٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّ النَّاسَ يَرْوُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص مَا صَامَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ تِسْعَةً وَ عِشْرِينَ أَكْثَرُ مِمَّا صَامَ ثَلَاثِينَ
(The book) ‘Ma’any Al Akhbaar’ – My father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Abu Al Khattab, from Ibn Bazie, from Muhammad Bin Yaqoub Bin Shueyb, from his father,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘The people are reporting that Rasool-Allah-saww had fasted twenty-nine from a month of Ramazan more than what he‑saww had fasted thirty!’
قَالَ كَذَبُوا مَا صَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِلَّا تَامّاً وَ لَا تَكُونُ الْفَرَائِضُ نَاقِصَةً إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى خَلَقَ السُّنَّةَ ثَلَاثَمِائَةٍ وَ سِتِّينَ يَوْماً وَ خَلَقَ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ فَحَجَزَهَا مِنْ ثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ وَ سِتِّينَ فَالسَّنَةُ ثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ وَ أَرْبَعَةٌ وَ خَمْسُونَ يَوْماً
He-asws said: ‘They are lying! Rasool-Allah-saww had not fasted except complete (thirty), and the obligation cannot be deficient! Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Created the year as being of three hundred and sixty days, and Created the skies and the earth in six days. So, we keep aside (subtract) the six from three hundred and sixty. Thus, the year is of three hundred and fifty-four days.
وَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ ثَلَاثُونَ يَوْماً لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ لِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَ الْكَامِلُ تَامٌّ وَ شَوَّالٌ تِسْعَةٌ وَ عِشْرُونَ يَوْماً وَ ذُو الْقَعْدَةِ ثَلَاثُونَ يَوْماً لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ واعَدْنا مُوسى ثَلاثِينَ لَيْلَةً
And the month of Ramazan is of thirty days due to Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: for you to perfect the number, [2:185], and the perfect is complete; and Shawwal is of twenty-nine days, and Zul Qadah is of thirty days due to Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: And We Appointed thirty nights for Musa [7:142].
فَالشَّهْرُ هَكَذَا ثُمَّ عَلَى هَذَا شَهْرٌ تَامٌّ وَ شَهْرٌ نَاقِصٌ وَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ لَا يَنْقُصُ أَبَداً وَ شَعْبَانُ لَا يَتِمُّ أَبَداً.
The month is like this, then on this, there is a complete month based upon this are complete months and deficient months, and the month of Ramazan cannot be deficient, ever, and Shaban cannot be complete, ever!’’[124]
9- سن، المحاسن أَبِي عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص سِتَّةٌ كَرِهَهَا اللَّهُ لِي فَكَرِهْتُهَا لِلْأَئِمَّةِ مِنْ وُلْدِي وَ لْتَكْرَهْهَا الْأَئِمَّةُ لِأَتْبَاعِهِمْ
(The book) ‘Al Mahasin’ – My father, from Muhammad Bin Suleyman, from his father,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Six (matters), Allah-azwj Dislikes these for me-saww, so I-saww dislike these for the Imams-asws from my-saww sons-asws, and the Imams-asws dislike these for their-asws followers: –
الْعَبَثُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ وَ الْمَنُّ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ وَ الرَّفَثُ فِي الصِّيَامِ وَ الضَّحِكُ بَيْنَ الْقُبُورِ وَ التَّطَلُّعُ فِي الدُّورِ وَ إِتْيَانُ الْمَسَاجِدِ جُنُباً
The vanity (playfulness) during the Salat, and the conferment (reproach) regarding the charity, and the ‘Rafas’ during the fasting, and the laughter between the graves, and the peeking into the houses, and going to the Masjids being with sexual impurity’.
قَالَ قُلْتُ وَ مَا الرَّفَثُ فِي الصِّيَامِ
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘And what is ‘Al-Rafas’ during the fasting?’
قَالَ مَا كَرِهَ اللَّهُ لِمَرْيَمَ فِي قَوْلِهِ إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ لِلرَّحْمنِ صَوْماً فَلَنْ أُكَلِّمَ الْيَوْمَ إِنْسِيًّا
He-saww said: ‘What Allah-azwj had Disliked for Maryam-as in His-azwj Words: then say: ‘I vowed to the Beneficent a Fast, so I will never speak today to a human’ [19:26]’.
قَالَ قُلْتُ صَمْتٌ مِنْ أَيِّ شَيْءٍ
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘Silence from which thing?’
قَالَ مِنَ الْكَذِبَ.
He-saww said: ‘From the lying’’.[125]
10- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ ثَلَاثُونَ يَوْماً وَ تِسْعَةُ وَ عِشْرُونَ يَوْماً يُصِيبُهُ مَا يُصِيبُ الشُّهُورَ مِنَ التَّمَامِ وَ النُّقْصَانِ وَ الْفَرْضُ تَامٌّ فِيهِ أَبَداً لَا يَنْقُصُ كَمَا رُوِيَ وَ مَعْنَى ذَلِكَ الْفَرِيضَةُ فِيهِ الْوَاجِبَةُ قَدْ تَمَّتْ وَ هُوَ شَهْرٌ قَدْ يَكُونُ ثَلَاثُونَ يَوْماً وَ تِسْعَةٌ وَ عِشْرُونَ يَوْماً
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws: ‘The month of Ramazan is of thirty days and twenty-nine days. It is hit by what hits the (other) months, from the completion and the deficiency, and the obligation is complete in it, forever, not deficient, just as is reported, and the meaning of that is the Imposition in it is the obligation having completed, and it is a month can happen to be thirty days and twenty-nine days.
وَ إِذَا شَكَكْتَ فِي يَوْمٍ لَا تَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَوْ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ فَصُمْ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ فَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْهُ لَمْ يَضُرَّكَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ جَازَ لَكَ فِي رَمَضَانَ وَ إِلَّا فَانْظُرْ أَيَّ يَوْمٍ صُمْتَ عَامَ الْمَاضِي وَ عُدَّ مِنْهُ خَمْسَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَ صُمِ الْيَوْمَ الْخَامِسَ
And when you doubt regarding a day not knowing whether it is from a month of Ramazan or from Shaban, then fast from Shaban, so if it was from it, it will not harm you, and if it was from a month of Ramazan that would be allowed for you in Ramazan, or else look which day you had fasted the previous year and count five days from it and fast the fifth day.
وَ قَدْ رُوِيَ إِذَا غَابَ الْهِلَالُ قَبْلَ الشَّفَقِ فَهُوَ مِنْ لَيْلَةٍ وَ إِذَا غَابَ بَعْدَ الشَّفَقِ فَهُوَ لِلَيْلَتَيْنِ وَ إِذَا رَأَيْتَ ظِلَّ رَأْسِكَ فِيهِ فَهُوَ لِثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ وَ إِذَا شَكَكْتَ فِي هِلَالِ شَوَّالٍ وَ تَغَيَّمَتِ السَّمَاءُ فَصُمْ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْماً وَ أَفْطِرْ.
And it is reported, when the crescent disappears before the twilight, it is of a night, and when it disappears after the twilight, it is of the two nights, and when you see the shadow of your head in it, it is of three nights; and when you doubt regarding the crescent of Shawwal and the sky is cloudy, then fast thirty days and break’’.[126] (P.s. – these words are from the author, not from Al-Reza-asws)
11- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ مَا يُتَحَدَّثُ بِهِ عِنْدَنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ص صَامَ تِسْعَةً وَ عِشْرِينَ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا صَامَ ثَلَاثِينَ أَ حَقٌّ هَذَا
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from a man,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you‑asws! What is being narrated among us is that the Prophet-saww fasted twenty-nine (days) more than what he-saww fasted thirty. Is this true?’
قَالَ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ مِنْ هَذَا حَرْفاً مَا صَامَهُ النَّبِيُّ ص إِلَّا ثَلَاثِينَ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ وَ لِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ يَنْقُصُهُ.
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj has not Created a letter from this! The Prophet-saww did not fast except thirty, because Allah-azwj Says: for you to perfect the number, [2:185]. Would the Prophet-saww have reduced it?’’[127]
12- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ جَرَّاحٍ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ يَعْنِي صِيَامَ رَمَضَانَ فَمَنْ رَأَى هِلَالَ شَوَّالٍ بِالنَّهَارِ فَلْيُتِمَّ صِيَامَهُ.
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Al Qasim Bin Suleyman, from Jarrah,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws having said: ‘then complete the Fast up to the night; [2:187], meaning fasts of Ramazan. The one who sees the crescent of Shawwal at daytime, let him complete his fast’’.[128]
13- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ زَيْدٍ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْأَهِلَّةِ قَالَ هِيَ الشُّهُورُ فَإِذَا رَأَيْتَ الْهِلَالَ فَصُمْ وَ إِذَا رَأَيْتَهُ فَأَفْطِرْ
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Zayd Abu Usama who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws was asked about the crescents. He-asws said: ‘These are the months. When you see the crescent, then fast, and when you see it, then break’.
قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَانَ الشَّهْرُ تِسْعَةً وَ عِشْرِينَ أَ يُقْضَى ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمُ
I said, ‘What is your view if the month was of twenty-nine days, should one fulfil that day?’
قَالَ لَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْهَدَ ثَلَاثَةُ عُدُولٍ فَإِنَّهُمْ إِنْ شَهِدُوا أَنَّهُمْ رَأَوُا الْهِلَالَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّهُ يُقْضَى ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمُ.
He-asws said: ‘No, except if three just witnesses testify. If they testify, they have seen the crescent before that, he should fulfil that day’’.[129]
14- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ صُمْ حِينَ يَصُومُ النَّاسُ وَ أَفْطِرْ حِينَ يُفْطِرُ النَّاسُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ جَعَلَ الْأَهِلَّةَ مَوَاقِيتَ.
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Ziyad Bin Al Munzir who said,
‘I heard Abu Ja’far-asws saying: ‘Fast when the people fast and break when the people break, for Allah-azwj has made timings for the crescents’’.[130]
15- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي قَوْلِهِ وَ واعَدْنا مُوسى ثَلاثِينَ لَيْلَةً وَ أَتْمَمْناها بِعَشْرٍ قَالَ بِعَشْرِ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ نَاقِصَةٌ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى شَعْبَانَ فَقَالَ نَاقِصٌ لَا يَتِمُ.
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Muhammad Al Halby,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws regarding His-azwj Words: And We Appointed thirty nights for Musa and Completed it with ten (more), [7:142]. He-asws said: ‘With ten of Zulhijjah, deficient’ – until he-asws ended to Shaban. He-asws said: ‘Deficient, not complete’’.[131]
16- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ أَبِي خَالِدٍ الْوَاسِطِيِّ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَوْمَ شُكَّ فِيهِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ فَإِذَا مَائِدَةٌ مَوْضُوعَةٌ وَ هُوَ يَأْكُلُ وَ نَحْنُ نُرِيدُ أَنْ نَسْأَلَهُ فَقَالَ ادْنُوا الغداة [الْغَدَاءَ] إِذَا كَانَ مِثْلُ هَذَا الْيَوْمِ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ فِيهِ سَبَبٌ يَرَوْنَهُ فَلَا تَصُومُوا.
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Abu Khalid Al Waasity who said,
‘I came to Abu Ja’far-asws on a day of doubt from Ramazan, and there was a table meal placed and he-asws was eating and we wanted to ask him-asws. He-asws said: ‘Approach the lunch! Whenever it was like this day, and not cause is observed for it, do not fast’’.[132]
4 ثُمَّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص لَمَّا ثَقُلَ فِي مَرَضِهِ قَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ السَّنَةَ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْراً مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ
Then he-asws said: ‘It is narrated to me-asws my-asws father Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws, from Amir Al-Momineen-asws: ‘When Rasool-Allah-saww felt heavy during his-saww Illness, he-saww said: ‘O you people! The year is of twelve month, from these four are sacred!’
ثُمَّ قَالَ بِيَدِهِ رَجَبٌ مُفْرَدٌ وَ ذُو الْقَعْدَةِ وَ ذُو الْحِجَّةِ وَ الْمُحَرَّمُ ثَلَاثٌ مُتَوَالِيَاتٌ
Then he-saww said with his-saww hand (gestures): ‘Rajab is individual, while Zul Qadah, and Zul Hijjah, and Al-Muharram are three consecutive.
أَلَا وَ هَذَا الشَّهْرُ الْمَفْرُوضُ رَمَضَانُ فَصُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَ أَفْطِرُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ فَإِذَا خَفِيَ الشَّهْرُ فَأَتِمُّوا الْعِدَّةَ شَعْبَانَ ثَلَاثِينَ وَ صُومُوا الْوَاحِدَ وَ الثَّلَاثِينَ
Indeed, and this month, Ramazan, is the obligatory, therefore fast at its sighting (the crescent) and break at its sighting. When the month is hidden, then complete the number in Shaban of thirty and fast the thirty-one’.
وَ قَالَ بِيَدِهِ الْوَاحِدُ وَ الاثنين [الِاثْنَانِ] وَ الثَّلَاثَةُ ثُمَّ ثَنَى إِبْهَامَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ شَهْرٌ كَذَا وَ شَهْرٌ كَذَا.
And he-saww said with his-saww hand (gestures): ‘The one, and the two, and the three’, then he‑saww folded his-saww thumb, then said: ‘O you people! A month is such, and a month is such’’.[133]
وَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع صُمْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص تِسْعَةً وَ عِشْرِينَ وَ لَمْ نَقْضِهِ وَ رَآهُ تَمَاماً.
And Ali-asws said: ‘We fasted with Rasool-Allah-saww twenty-nine, and we did not fulfil it, and he-saww saw it as complete’’.[134]
17- دَعَائِمُ الْإِسْلَامِ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا تُصَامُ الْفَرِيضَةُ إِلَّا بِاعْتِقَادٍ وَ نِيَّةٍ وَ مَنْ صَامَ عَلَى شَكٍّ فَقَدْ عَصَى.
(The book) ‘Da’aim Al Islam’ –
‘From Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The obligatory cannot be fasted except with belief and intention, and one who fasts upon doubt, he has disobeyed!’’[135]
وَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَأَنْ أُفْطِرَ يَوْماً مِنْ رَمَضَانَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَصُومَ يَوْماً مِنْ شَعْبَانَ أَزِيدُهُ فِي رَمَضَانَ.
From Abu Ja’far Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws, he-asws said: ‘If I-asws were to break one day from Ramazan, it would be more beloved to me-asws than if I-asws were to fast one day of Shaban, increasing it in Ramazan’’.[136]
18- الْهِدَايَةُ، قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع الصَّوْمُ لِلرُّؤْيَةِ وَ الْفِطْرُ لِلرُّؤْيَةِ وَ لَيْسَ بِالرَّأْيِ وَ لَا التَّظَنِّي وَ لَيْسَ الرُّؤْيَةُ أَنْ يَرَاهُ وَاحِدٌ وَ لَا اثْنَانِ وَ لَا خَمْسُونَ.
(The book) ‘Al Hidaya’ –
‘Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘The fast is at the sighting and the break is at the sighing, and it isn’t by opining nor the guesswork, and the sighting isn’t that one (person) sees, or two, nor fifty’’.[137]
وَ قَالَ: لَيْسَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْقِبْلَةِ إِلَّا الرُّؤْيَةُ لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَّا الرُّؤْيَةُ.
And he-asws said: ‘It isn’t upon the people of Qiblah except the sighting! It isn’t upon the Muslims except the sighting!’’[138]
وَ قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع إِذَا صَحَّ هِلَالُ رَجَبٍ فَعُدَّ تِسْعَةً وَ خَمْسِينَ يَوْماً وَ صُمْ يَوْمَ السِّتِّينَ.
And Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘When the crescent of Rajab is correct, county fifty-nine days and fast the sixtieth day’’.[139]
وَ رُوِيَ أَنَّهُ إِذَا غَابَ الْهِلَالُ قَبْلَ الشَّفَقِ فَهُوَ لِلَيْلَةٍ وَ إِذَا غَابَ بَعْدَ الشَّفَقِ فَهُوَ لِلَيْلَتَيْنِ وَ إِذَا رَأَيْتَ ظِلَّ رَأْسِكَ فِيهِ فَهُوَ لِثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ.
And it is reported that when the crescent disappears before the twilight, it is of a night, and when it disappears after the twilight it is of two nights, and when you can see the shadow of your head in it, it is of three nights’’.[140]
وَ رُوِيَ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِذَا شَكَكْتَ فِي صَوْمِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَانْظُرْ أَيَّ يَوْمٍ صُمْتَ عَامَ الْمَاضِي وَ عُدَّ مِنْهُ خَمْسَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَ صُمْ يَوْمَ الْخَامِسِ.
And it is reported from Al-Sadiq-asws having said: ‘When you doubt regarding a fast of a month of Ramazan, then look which day you had fasted the previous year and count five days from it and fast the fifth day’’.[141]
وَ قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع لَا يُقْبَلُ فِي رُؤْيَةِ الْهِلَالِ إِلَّا شَهَادَةُ خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا عَدَدَ الْقَسَامَةِ إِذَا كَانُوا فِي الْمِصْرِ أَوْ شَهَادَةُ عَدْلَيْنِ إِذَا كَانَ خَارِجَ الْمِصْرِ وَ لَا يُقْبَلُ شَهَادَةُ النِّسَاءِ فِي الطَّلَاقِ وَ لَا فِي رُؤْيَةِ الْهِلَالِ.
And Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘It will not be accepted regarding sighting of the crescent except testimony of fifty men, the number of the oath when they were in the city, or testimony of two just witnesses when they were outside the city, and testimony of the women is not accepted regarding the divorce nor regarding sighting the crescent’’.[142]
19- كِتَابُ فَضَائِلِ الْأَشْهُرِ الثَّلَاثَةِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ هَارُونَ الصُّوفِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي تُرَابٍ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُوسَى الرُّويَانِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَظِيمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَسَنِيِّ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ الرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَ السَّلَامُ يَقُولُ الصَّوْمُ لِلرُّؤْيَةِ وَ الْفِطْرُ لِلرُّؤْيَةِ وَ لَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ صَامَ قَبْلَ الرُّؤْيَةِ لِلرُّؤْيَةِ وَ أَفْطَرَ قَبْلَ الرُّؤْيَةِ لِلرُّؤْيَةِ
The book ‘Fazaail Al Ash’har Al Salasa’ – from Ali Bin Ahmad, from Muhammad Bin Haroun Al Sowfy, from Abu Turab Ubeydullah Bin Musa Al Rowbany, from Abdul Azeem Bin Abdullah Al Hasany, from Sahl Bin Sa’ad who said,
‘I heard Al-Reza-asws, may the Salawaat and the greeting be upon him-asws, saying: ‘The fast is at the sighting and the break is at the sighting, and he isn’t from us-asws, one who fasts before the sighting of the crescent and breaks after sighting of the crescent!’
قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ فَمَا تَرَى فِي صَوْمِ يَوْمِ الشَّكِّ
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! What is your-asws view regarding fasting on the day of doubt?’
فَقَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ جَدِّي عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّلَاةُ [وَ] السَّلَامُ قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَ السَّلَامُ لَأَنْ أَصُومَ يَوْماً مِنْ شَعْبَانَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُفْطِرَ يَوْماً مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ.
He-asws said: ‘My-asws father-asws narrated to me-asws from my-asws grandfather-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws, may the Salawaat and the greeting be upon them-asws, said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws, may the Salawaat and the greeting be upon him-asws, said: ‘If I-asws were to fast a day from Shaban it would be more beloved to me-asws than if I-asws were to break a day from the month of Ramazan’’.[143]
كان الراوي سها: أراد أن يقول: لان أفطر يوما من شهر رمضان أحبّ الى من ان اصوم يوما من شعبان يعنى يزيده في رمضان، كما في سائر الأحاديث
Notes – Majlisi says, ‘The narrator made a mistake: he intended to say, ‘To break the fast for one day in the month of Ramazan is more beloved to me than to fast one day in Shaban’, meaning to add it to Ramazan, as mentioned in other Ahadeeth.
قال مصنف هذا الكتاب هذا حديث غريب لا أعرفه إلا بهذا الإسناد و لم أسمعه إلا من علي بن أحمد.
The author of this books says, ‘This Hadeeth is strange. I don’t know this except by this chain, and I have not heard it except Ali Bin Ahmad’.
وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْعَطَّارِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ أَبِي الْجَوْزَاءِ الْمُنَبِّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُلْوَانَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ ثَابِتِ بْنِ هُرْمُزَ الْحَدَّادِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ طَرِيفٍ عَنِ الْأَصْبَغِ بْنِ نُبَاتَةَ قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَ السَّلَامُ يَأْتِي عَلَى النَّاسِ زَمَانٌ يَرْتَفِعُ فِيهِ الْفَاحِشَةُ وَ لَتُصَنَّعُ وَ يُنْتَهَكُ فِيهِ الْمَحَارِمُ وَ يُعْلَنُ فِيهِ الزِّنَا وَ يُسْتَحَلُّ فِيهِ أَمْوَالُ الْيَتَامَى وَ يُؤْكَلُ فِيهِ الرِّبَا وَ يُطَفَّفُ فِي الْمَكَايِيلِ وَ الْمَوَازِينِ وَ يُسْتَحَلُّ الْخَمْرُ بِالنَّبِيذِ وَ الرِّشْوَةُ بِالْهَدِيَّةِ وَ الْخِيَانَةُ بِالْأَمَانَةِ وَ يَتَشَبَّهُ الرِّجَالُ بِالنِّسَاءِ وَ النِّسَاءُ بِالرِّجَالِ وَ يُسْتَخَفُّ بِحُدُودِ الصَّلَاةِ وَ يُحَجُّ فِيهِ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ
And from him, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Attar, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Abu Al Jowza Al Munabbih Bin Abdullah, from Al-Husayn Bin Ulwan, from Amro Bin Sabit Bin Hurmuz Al Haddad, from Sa’ad Bin Tareyf, from Al Asbagh Bin Nubata who said,
‘Amir Al-Momineen Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, may the Salawaat and the greeting be upon him‑asws, said: ‘There shall come upon the people a time the immoralities would be widespread and openly practiced, and the sanctities will be violated in it, and the adultery would be open in it, and wealth of the orphans will be legalised in it, and the usury will be consumed in it, and there will be fraud in the scales and the measures, and the wine will be legalised as ‘Al-Nabeez’, and the bribery as a gift, and the betrayal as the entrustment, and the men will resemble the women and the women as the men, and the limits of Salat will be taken lightly, and Hajj will be performed for other than Allah-azwj!
فَإِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ الزَّمَانُ انْتَفَخَتِ الْأَهِلَّةُ تَارَةً حَتَّى يُرَى هِلَالُ لَيْلَتَيْنِ وَ خَفِيَتْ تَارَةً حَتَّى يُفْطَرُ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فِي أَوَّلِهِ وَ يُصَامُ الْعِيدُ فِي آخِرِهِ
When it would be that time, the crescents would be swollen at times until it would be seen as a crescent of two nights, and at times it would be obscured until the month of Ramazan is broken in its beginning and the Eid will be fasted in its end.
فَالْحَذَرَ الْحَذَرَ حِينَئِذٍ مِنْ أَخْذِ اللَّهِ عَلَى غَفْلَةٍ فَإِنَّ مِنْ وَرَاءِ ذَلِكَ مَوْتَ ذَرِيعٍ يَخْتَطِفُ النَّاسَ اخْتِطَافاً حَتَّى إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيُصْبِحُ سَالِماً وَ يُمْسِي دَفِيناً وَ يُمْسِي حَيّاً وَ يُصْبِحُ مَيِّتاً
So, the caution! The caution on that day from Allah-azwj Seizing upon the heedlessness, for from behind that is death snatching people suddenly to the extent that a man would wake up in the morning safely and buried in the evening, and in the evening, he would be alive and in the morning dead.
فَإِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ الزَّمَانُ وَجَبَ التَّقَدُّمُ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ الْبَلِيَّةِ وَ وَجَبَ تَقْدِيمُ الصَّلَاةِ فِي أَوَّلِ وَقْتِهَا خَشْيَةَ فَوْتِهَا فِي آخِرِ وَقْتِهَا
When it would be that time, it would be obligated to precede in the bequest before descent of the calamity, and obligated to perform the Salat in the beginning of its time fearing missing it in the end of its timing.
فَمَنْ بَلَغَ مِنْكُمْ ذَلِكَ الزَّمَانَ فَلَا يَبِيتَنَّ لَيْلَةً إِلَّا عَلَى طُهْرٍ وَ إِنْ قَدَرَ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ فِي جَمِيعِ أَحْوَالِهِ إِلَّا طَاهِراً فَلْيَفْعَلْ فَإِنَّهُ عَلَى وَجَلٍ لَا يَدْرِي مَتَى يَأْتِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ لِقَبْضِ رُوحِهِ
The one from you who reaches that time, he should not spend a night except being upon cleanliness, and if he is unable to be in entirety of his situation except clean, let him do so, for he would be upon trepidation (anxiety), not knowing when the messenger of Allah-azwj might come to him to capture his soul.
وَ قَدْ حَذَّرْتُكُمْ إِنْ حَذَرْتُمْ وَ عَرَّفْتُكُمْ إِنْ عَرَفْتُمْ وَ وَعَظْتُكُمْ إِنِ اتَّعَظْتُمْ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ فِي سَرَائِرِكُمْ وَ عَلَانِيَتِكُمْ وَ لا تَمُوتُنَّ إِلَّا وَ أَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ وَ مَنْ يَبْتَغِ غَيْرَ الْإِسْلامِ دِيناً فَلَنْ يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ وَ هُوَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنَ الْخاسِرِينَ.
And I-asws have cautioned you all, if you take heed, and have let you know if you want to know, and have preached to you if you take preaching, therefore fear Allah-azwj in your secrecy and your openness, and therefore do not be dying unless while you are submitting [2:132] And the one who seeks other than Islam as a Religion, it will never be Accepted from him, and in the Hereafter he would be from the losers [3:85]’’.[144]
وَ مِنْهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْعَطَّارِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ يَعْلَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ رَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِذَا صَحَّ هِلَالُ رَجَبٍ فَعُدَّ تِسْعَةً وَ خَمْسِينَ يَوْماً وَ صُمْ يَوْمَ السِّتِّينَ.
And from him, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Attar, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Ibrahim Bin Hashim, from Hamza Bin Ya’la, from Muhammad Bin Al-Husayn Bin Abu Khalid raising it,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘When the crescent of Rajab is correct, count fifty-nine days and fast on the sixtieth’’.[145]
باب 38 أدعية الإفطار و السحور و آدابهما
CHAPTER 38 – SUPPLICATION OF THE IFTAAR (BREAK OF FAST), AND THE PRE-DAWN MEAL AND THEIR ETIQUETTES
جم، جمال الأسبوع بِإِسْنَادِي إِلَى جَدِّيَ السَّعِيدِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الطُّوسِيِّ قَالَ: وَ يُسْتَحَبُّ لِمَنْ صَامَ أَنْ يَدْعُوَ بِهَذَا الدُّعَاءِ قَبْلَ إِفْطَارِهِ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ.
(The book) ‘Jamaal Al Usbou’ – By my chain to my grandfather Al Saeed Abu Ja’far Al Tusi who said,
‘And it is recommended for the one who fasts to supplication with this supplication before his breaking fast, seven times’.[146] (Not a Hadeeth)
أَقُولُ وَ رَأَيْتُ فِي كُتُبِ الدَّعَوَاتِ مَا مِنْ صَائِمٍ يَدْعُو بِهَذِهِ الدَّعَوَاتِ قَبْلَ إِفْطَارِهِ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ إِلَّا غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ ذَنْبَهُ وَ فَرَّجَ بِهِ هَمَّهُ وَ نَفَّسَ كَرْبَهُ وَ قَضَى حَاجَتَهُ وَ أَنْجَحَ طَلِبَتَهُ وَ رَفَعَ عَمَلَهُ مَعَ أَعْمَالِ النَّبِيِّينَ وَ الصِّدِّيقِينَ وَ جَاءَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ وَجْهُهُ أَضْوَأُ مِنَ الْقَمَرِ لَيْلَةَ الْبَدْرِ
I am saying, ‘And I saw in the books of supplication, ‘There is none from a fasting one supplicating with these supplications before his breaking, seven times, except Allah-azwj will Forgive his sins for him and Relieve his worries by it and Remove his stress, and Fulfil his needs, and Cause his seeking to be successful, and Raise his deeds with deeds of the Prophets‑as and the truthful, and he will come on the Day of Qiyamah and his face will be more illuminating than the moon on the night of the full moon: –
اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ النُّورِ الْعَظِيمِ وَ رَبَّ الْكُرْسِيِّ الرَّفِيعِ وَ رَبَّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ وَ رَبَّ الْبَحْرِ الْمَسْجُورِ وَ رَبَّ الشَّفْعِ وَ الْوَتْرِ وَ رَبَّ التَّوْرَاةِ وَ الْإِنْجِيلِ وَ رَبَّ الظُّلُمَاتِ وَ النُّورِ وَ رَبَّ الظِّلِّ وَ الْحَرُورِ وَ رَبَّ الْقُرْآنِ الْعَظِيمِ
O Allah-azwj, Lord-azwj of the Mighty Noor, and Lord-azwj of the Lofty Chair, and Lord-azwj of the Magnificent Throne, and Lord-azwj of the swelling sea, and Lord-azwj of the dual and the singular, and Lord-azwj of the Torah and the Evangel, and Lord-azwj of the darkness(es) and the Light, and Lord-azwj of the shade and the heat, and Lord-azwj of the Magnificent Quran!
أَنْتَ إِلَهُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ إِلَهُ مَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ لَا إِلَهَ فِيهِمَا غَيْرُكَ وَ أَنْتَ جَبَّارُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ جَبَّارُ مَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ لَا جَبَّارَ فِيهَا غَيْرُكَ وَ أَنْتَ خَالِقُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ خَالِقُ مَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ لَا خَالِقَ فِيهِمَا غَيْرُكَ وَ أَنْتَ مَلِكُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاءِ وَ مَلِكُ مَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ لَا مَلِكَ فِيهِمَا غَيْرُكَ
You-azwj are God of the ones in the skies and God of the ones in the earth, there is no god in these apart from You-azwj! and You-azwj are Subduer of the ones in the skies, and Subduer of the ones in the earth, there is no subduer in these apart from You-azwj! And You-azwj are Creator of the ones in the skies and Creator of the ones in the earth, there is no creator in these apart from You-azwj, and You-azwj are King of the ones in the sky and King of ones in the earth, there is no king in these apart from You-azwj!
أَسْأَلُكَ بِاسْمِكَ الْكَبِيرِ وَ نُورِ وَجْهِكَ الْمُنِيرِ وَ مُلْكِكَ الْقَدِيمِ إِنَّكَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ وَ بِاسْمِكَ الَّذِي أَشْرَقَتْ لَهُ نُورُ حُجُبِكَ وَ بِاسْمِكَ الَّذِي صَلَحَ بِهِ الْأَوَّلُونَ وَ بِهِ يَصْلُحُ الْآخِرُونَ
I ask You-azwj by Your-azwj Great Name, and Noor of Your-azwj Radiant Face, and Your-azwj Ancient Kingdom, You-azwj are Able upon all things, and by Your-azwj Name for which shines the light of Your-azwj veils, and by Your-azwj Name by which the former ones were corrected with and the latter will be corrected with!
يَا حَيُّ قَبْلَ كُلِّ حَيٍّ يَا حَيُّ بَعْدَ كُلِّ حَيٍّ وَ يَا حَيُّ مُحْيِيَ الْمَوْتَى يَا حَيُّ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ اغْفِرْ لَنَا ذُنُوبَنَا وَ اقْضِ لَنَا حَوَائِجَنَا وَ اكْفِنَا مَا أَهَمَّنَا مِنْ أَمْرِ الدُّنْيَا وَ الْآخِرَةِ
O Living before all living being! O living after all living being, and O Living, Reviver of the death, O Living, there is no god except You-azwj! Send Salawaat upon Muhammad-saww and Progeny‑asws of Muhammad-saww, and Forgive our sins for us, and Fulfil our needs for us, and Suffice for us of what worries us from matters of our world and the Hereafter!
وَ اجْعَلْ لَنَا مِنْ أَمْرِنَا يُسْراً وَ ثَبِّتْنَا عَلَى هُدَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ اجْعَلْ لَنَا مِنْ كُلِّ غَمٍّ وَ هَمٍّ وَ ضِيقٍ فَرَجاً وَ مَخْرَجاً وَ اجْعَلْ دُعَاءَنَا عِنْدَكَ فِي الْمَرْفُوعِ الْمُتَقَبَّلِ الْمَرْحُومِ وَ هَبْ لَنَا مَا وَهَبْتَ لِأَهْلِ طَاعَتِكَ مِنْ خَلْقِكَ فَإِنَّا مُؤْمِنُونَ بِكَ مُنِيبُونَ إِلَيْكَ مُتَوَكِّلُونَ عَلَيْكَ وَ مَصِيرُنَا إِلَيْكَ
And Make ease for us from our affairs, and Affirm us upon guidance of Muhammad-saww, and Make relief and outlet for us from every sadness and worry and constriction, and Make our supplication to be among the ones raised in Your-azwj Presence, the Accepted, the Mercied, and Gift to us what You-azwj have Gifted to obedient people from Your-azwj creatures, for we are believers in You-azwj, penitent to You-azwj reliant upon You-azwj, and our destination is to You-azwj!
اللَّهُمَّ اجْمَعْ لَنَا الْخَيْرَ كُلَّهُ وَ اصْرِفْ عَنَّا الشَّرَّ كُلَّهُ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْحَنَّانُ الْمَنَّانُ بَدِيعُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ تُعْطِي الْخَيْرَ مَنْ تَشَاءُ وَ تَصْرِفُهُ عَمَّنْ تَشَاءُ
O Allah-azwj! Gather the goodness for us, all of it, and Turn the evil away from us, all of it, surely You-azwj are the Affectionate, the Conferrer, Initiator of the skies and the earth! You-azwj Give the good to one You-azwj so Desire to and Turn the evil away from the one You-azwj Desire to!
اللَّهُمَّ أَعْطِنَا مِنْهُ وَ امْنُنْ عَلَيْنَا بِهِ يَا أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِينَ يَا اللَّهُ يَا رَحْمَانُ يَا رَحِيمُ يَا ذَا الْجَلَالِ وَ الْإِكْرَامِ يَا اللَّهُ أَنْتَ الَّذِي لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ يَا أَجْوَدَ مَنْ سُئِلَ يَا أَكْرَمَ مَنْ أَعْطَى يَا أَرْحَمَ مَنِ اسْتُرْحِمَ
O Allah-azwj! Give us from it and Confer upon us with it, O most Merciful of the merciful ones! O Allah-azwj, O Beneficent, O Merciful, O with the Majesty and the Benevolence! O Allah-azwj, You-azwj are the One who, there isn’t anything like Him-azwj! O most Generous of the ones asked! O most Benevolent of the ones Who Give! O most Merciful of the ones sought mercy with!
اللَّهُمَّ أَعْطِنَا مِنْهُ وَ امْنُنْ عَلَيْنَا بِهِ يَا أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِينَ يَا اللَّهُ يَا رَحْمَانُ يَا رَحِيمُ يَا ذَا الْجَلَالِ وَ الْإِكْرَامِ يَا اللَّهُ أَنْتَ الَّذِي لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ يَا أَجْوَدَ مَنْ سُئِلَ يَا أَكْرَمَ مَنْ أَعْطَى يَا أَرْحَمَ مَنِ اسْتُرْحِمَ
Send Salawaat upon Muhammad-saww and his-saww Progeny-asws, and Mercy my weakness and my lack of means! You-azwj are my Trust, and my Hope, and Confer upon me with the Paradise and Pardon me from the Hellfire by Your-azwj Mercy, O the Most Merciful of those who are asked for mercy!’’[147]
2- نَوَادِرُ الرَّاوَنْدِيِّ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص السَّحُورُ بَرَكَةٌ.
(The book) ‘Nawadir’ of Al Rawandy – by his chain,
‘From Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘The pre-dawn meals are Blessings!’’[148]
3- مَجَالِسُ الشَّيْخِ، عَنْ هِلَالِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَفَّارِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الدِّعْبِلِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الرِّضَا عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَفْضَلِ سَحُورِ الصَّائِمِ السَّوِيقُ بِالتَّمْرِ.
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of the sheykh – from Hilal Bin Muhammad Al Haffar, from Ismail Bin Ali Al Deobaly, from his father,
‘From Al-Reza-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws, may the Salawaat of Allah-azwj be upon him-asws, said: ‘From the best pre-dawn meals of the fasting ones is ‘Al-Saweyq’ (barley or shredded wheat) with the dates’’.[149]
4- دَعَائِمُ الْإِسْلَامِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص أَنَّهُ قَالَ: تَسَحَّرُوا وَ لَوْ عَلَى شَرْبَةِ مَاءٍ وَ أَفْطِرُوا وَ لَوْ عَلَى شِقِّ تَمْرَةٍ يَعْنِي إِذَا حَلَّ الْفِطْرُ
(The book) ‘Da’aim Al Islam’ –
‘From Ali-asws, from Rasool-Allah-saww having said: ‘Have a pre-dawn meal and if it was upon a drink of water, and break (fast) and even if it was upon a part of a date, meaning the breaking is Permissible’.
وَ قَالَ السَّحُورُ بَرَكَةٌ وَ لِلَّهِ مَلَائِكَةٌ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَى الْمُسْتَغْفِرِينَ بِالْأَسْحارِ وَ عَلَى الْمُتَسَحِّرِينَ وَ أُكْلَةُ السَّحُورِ فَرْقُ مَا بَيْنَنَا وَ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْمِلَلِ.
And he-asws said: ‘The pre-dawn meal is a Blessing, and for Allah-azwj there are Angels who are sending Salawaat upon the seekers of Forgiveness at pre-dawn [3:17], and upon the ones having pre-dawn meal, and eating the pre-dawn meal is the difference what is between us‑asws and people of the nation’’.[150]
وَ عَنْهُ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَ كُلُوا وَ اشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ جَعَلَ النَّاسُ يَأْخُذُونَ خَيْطَيْنِ أَبْيَضَ وَ أَسْوَدَ فَيَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيْهِمَا وَ لَا يَزَالُونَ يَأْكُلُونَ وَ يَشْرَبُونَ حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ فَبَيَّنَ اللَّهُ مَا أَرَادَ بِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ.
And from him-asws having said: ‘When Allah-azwj Revealed: until it is clear for you, the white thread from the black thread at dawn, [2:187], the people went on to take the two threads, the white and the black, and they were looking at these two, and they were not stopping eating and drinking until it was clear to them, the white thread from the black thread. So, Allah-azwj Clarified to them What He-azwj Intended with that, so He-azwj Said: at dawn [2:187]’’.[151]
وَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: الْفَجْرُ هُوَ الْبَيَاضُ الْمُعْتَرِضُ يَعْنِي الَّذِي يَكُونُ عِنْدَ الْفَجْرِ فِي أُفُقِ الْمَشْرِقِ- وَ الْفَجْرُ فَجْرَانِ فَالْفَجْرُ الْأَوَّلُ مِنْهُمَا ذَنَبُ السِّرْحَانِ وَ هُوَ ضَوْءٌ يَسِيرٌ دَقِيقٌ صَاعِدٌ مِنْ أُفُقِ الْمَشْرِقِ كَضَوْءِ الْمِصْبَاحِ فِي غَيْرِ اعْتِرَاضٍ
And from Abu Abdullah Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, he-asws said: ‘The dawn, it is the horizontal whiteness, meaning which happens at dawn in the eastern horizon, and the dawn, are two dawns. The first of these is ‘Tail of the wolf’, and it is a thin illumination ascending from the eastern horizon like illumination of the lamp without width (horizontal spread).
فَذَلِكَ لَا يُحَرِّمُ شَيْئاً حَتَّى يَعْتَرِضَ ذَلِكَ الضَّوْءُ فِي الْأُفُقِ يَمِيناً وَ شِمَالًا فَذَلِكَ هُوَ الْفَجْرُ الصَّادِقُ الْمُعْتَرِضُ وَ بِهِ يَحْرُمُ الطَّعَامُ وَ مَا يَحْرُمُ عَلَى الصَّائِمِ.
That does not Prohibit anything until that illumination spreads width-wise (horizontally) in the horizon, right and left. That, it is the true dawn, the horizontal, and by it the food is Prohibited, and whatever is Prohibited unto the fasting one’’.[152]
5- الْهِدَايَةُ، قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع إِذَا غَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَقَدْ وَجَبَتِ الصَّلَاةُ وَ حَلَّ الْإِفْطَارُ.
(The book) ‘Al Hidaya’ –
‘Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘When the sun disappears (sets), the Salat is Obligated and the breaking of the fast is Permissible’’.[153]
وَ مِنْهُ قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع إِذَا أَفْطَرْتَ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَقُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَعَانَنَا فَصُمْنَا وَ رَزَقَنَا فَأَفْطَرْنَا اللَّهُمَّ تَقَبَّلْهُ مِنَّا وَ أَعِنَّا عَلَيْهِ وَ سَلِّمْنَا فِيهِ وَ سَلِّمْهُ مِنَّا فِي يُسْرٍ مِنْكَ وَ عَافِيَةٍ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي قَضَى عَنَّا يَوْماً مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ.
And from, Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘When you break every night of a month of Ramazan, say, ‘The Praise is for Allah-azwj Who Assisted us so we fasted, and Graced us for we broke! O Allah-azwj! Accept it from us and Assist us upon it, and Keep us safe in it, and Keep us safe in ease from You-azwj and well-being! The Praise is for Allah-azwj Who Made us fulfil a day from the month of Ramazan’’.[154]
قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع تَقُولُ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلْتَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنَ وَ افْتَرَضْتَ عَلَى عِبَادِكَ فِيهِ الصِّيَامَ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ ارْزُقْنِي حَجَّ بَيْتِكَ الْحَرَامِ فِي عَامِي هَذَا وَ فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ وَ اغْفِرْ لِي تِلْكَ الذُّنُوبَ الْعِظَامَ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَغْفِرُهَا غَيْرُكَ يَا رَحْمَانُ فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ غُفِرَتْ لَهُ ذُنُوبُ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً.
Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘You should say during every night of a month of Ramazan, ‘O Allah-azwj, Lord‑azwj of the month of Ramazan in which You-azwj Revealed the Quran and Obligated the fasts upon Your-azwj servants in it! Send Salawaat upon Muhammad-saww and Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww and Grace me (to perform) Hajj of Your-azwj Sacred House in this year of mine, and during every year, and Forgive for me the mighty sins for no one can Forgive these apart from You-azwj, O Beneficent!’ – for the one who says that, sins of forty years would be Forgiven for him!’’[155]
وَ مِنْهُ قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع لَوْ أَنَّ النَّاسَ تَسَحَّرُوا ثُمَّ لَمْ يُفْطِرُوا إِلَّا عَلَى الْمَاءِ لَقَدَرُوا عَلَى أَنْ يَصُومُوا الدَّهْرَ.
And from him, Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘If the people were to have a pre-dawn meal, then they don’t break except upon the water, they would be able upon fasting every day’’.[156]
وَ قَالَ: تَسَحَّرُوا وَ لَوْ بِشَرْبَةٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ وَ أَفْضَلُ السَّحُورِ السَّوِيقُ وَ التَّمْرُ.
And he-asws said: ‘Have pre-dawn meal, and even with a drink of water, and the best pre-dawn meal is ‘Al-Saweyq’ (barley flour) and dates’’.[157]
وَ قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَ مَلَائِكَتَهُ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَى الْمُتَسَحِّرِينَ وَ الْمُسْتَغْفِرِينَ بِالْأَسْحَارِ.
And he-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj and His-azwj Angels are sending Salawaat upon the ones having pre-dawn meals and the ones seeking Forgiveness at the pre-dawn!’’[158]
6- كِتَابُ فَضَائِلِ الْأَشْهُرِ الثَّلَاثَةِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُوسَى بْنِ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْعَطَّارِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الرَّازِيِّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص تَعَاوَنُوا بِأَكْلِ السَّحَرِ عَلَى صِيَامِ النَّهَارِ وَ بِالنَّوْمِ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ فِي اللَّيْلِ.
(The book) ‘Fazaail Al Ash’har Al Salasa’ – from Muhammad Bin Musa Bin Al Mutawakkil, from Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Attar, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Yahya Bin Imran Al ashary, from Abu Abdullah Al Razy, from Al-Hassan Bin Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from Rifa’at,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Be assisted by eating at pre-dawn upon fasting the day, and with the sleep upon (praying) the Salat in the night!’’[159]
وَ مِنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُوسَى الرِّضَا ع مَنْ قَالَ عِنْدَ إِفْطَارِهِ اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ صُمْنَا بِتَوْفِيقِكَ وَ عَلَى رِزْقِكَ أَفْطَرْنَا بِأَمْرِكَ فَتَقَبَّلْهُ مِنَّا وَ اغْفِرْ لَنَا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ مَا أَدْخَلَ عَلَى صَوْمِهِ مِنَ النُّقْصَانِ بِذُنُوبِهِ.
And from him, from Muhammad Bin Ibrahim Bin Is’haq, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Hamdany, from Ali Bin Al-Hassan Bin Ali Bin Fazzal, from his father,
‘From Abu Al-Hassan Ali-asws Bin Musa Al-Reza-asws: ‘One who say at his breaking the fast, ‘O Allah-azwj! We have fasted for You-azwj by Your-azwj Inclination, and we break our fasts upon Your-azwj sustenance by Your-azwj Command, so Accept it from us and Forgive (sins) for us, surely You-azwj are the Forgiver, the Merciful!’ – Allah-azwj will Forgive whatever deficiencies had entered upon his fast due to his sins’’.[160]
7- كِتَابُ الْإِمَامَةِ وَ التَّبْصِرَةِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص السَّحُورُ بَرَكَةٌ.
The book ‘Imama Wa Al Tabsira’ – from Ahmad Bin Ali, from Muhammad Bin Al-Hassan, from Muhammad Bin Al-Hassan Al Saffar, from Ibrahim Bin Hashim, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuni,
‘From Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad, from his-asws father-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The pre-dawn meal is a Blessing’’.[161]
عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْعَلَوِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الطَّاعِمُ الشَّاكِرُ لَهُ مِنَ الْأَجْرِ كَأَجْرِ الصَّائِمِ الْمُتَسَحِّرِ
From Al Qasim Bin Ali Al Alawy, from Muhammad Bin Abu Abdullah, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuni,
‘From Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The thankful eater, for him is the Recompense like the Recompense of a fasting one having a pre-dawn meal’’.[162]
8- يد، التوحيد مع، معاني الأخبار لي، الأمالي للصدوق ابْنُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنِ السَّعْدَآبَادِيِّ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْأَزْدِيِّ عَنْ أَبَانٍ وَ غَيْرِهِ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع قَالَ: مَنْ خَتَمَ صِيَامَهُ بِقَوْلٍ صَالِحٍ وَ عَمَلٍ صَالِحٍ تَقَبَّلَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ صِيَامَهُ
(The books) ‘Al Tawheed’, (and) ‘Ma’any Al Akhbaar’, (and), ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – Ibn Al Mutawakkil, from Al Sa’adabady, from Al Barqy, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Ziyad Al Azdy, from Aban and others,
‘From Al-Sadiq Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws having said: ‘One who ends his fasts with the righteous word and righteous action, Allah-azwj will Accept his fast from him’.
فَقِيلَ لَهُ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ مَا الْقَوْلُ الصَّالِحُ
It was said to him-asws, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! What is the righteous word?’
قَالَ شَهَادَةُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَ الْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ إِخْرَاجُ الْفِطْرَةِ.
He-saww said: ‘Testimony that there is no god except Allah-azwj, and the righteous action is extracting the ‘Fitra (Obligatory charity given on Eid day)’’.[163]
9- ب، قرب الإسناد مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْمِيثَمِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي القرندس [الْعَرَنْدَسِ] قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ع فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ قَدْ أَتَاهُ غُلَامٌ لَهُ أَسْوَدُ بَيْنَ ثَوْبَيْنِ أَبْيَضَيْنِ وَ مَعَهُ قُلَّةٌ وَ قَدَحٌ فَحِينَ قَالَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ صَبَّ لَهُ فَنَاوَلَهُ وَ شَرِبَ.
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Isnaad’ – Muhammad Bin Al-Husayn, from Ahmad Bin Al Meesam, from Al-Husayn Bin Abu Al Qarandas who said,
‘I saw Abu Al-Hassan Musa-asws in the Sacred Masjid during a month of Ramazan, and a black slave had come to him-asws between two white clothes, and with him was a pitcher and a cup. When the Muezzin said, ‘Allah-azwj is Greatest!’, he poured for him-asws. He-asws took it and drank’’.[164]
10- ما، الأمالي للشيخ الطوسي جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ أَبِي الْمُفَضَّلِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الْيَقْطِينِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ الْبَطَائِنِيِّ عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص تَعَاوَنُوا بِأُكْلَةِ السَّحَرِ عَلَى صِيَامِ النَّهَارِ وَ بِالْقَائِلَةِ عَلَى قِيَامِ اللَّيْلِ.
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of the sheykh Al Tusi – Jama’at, from Abu Al Mufazzak, from Al-Husayn Bin Ahmad Bin Abdullah, from Al Yaqteeny, from Ibn Al Batainy, from Rifa’at,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Be assisted by eating the pre-dawn meal upon fasting the day, and by the nap upon standing at night (for Salat)!’’[165]
11- ما، الأمالي للشيخ الطوسي جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ أَبِي الْمُفَضَّلِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْعَاقُولِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُعَاذِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ جُمَيْعٍ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَ مَلَائِكَتَهُ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَى الْمُسْتَغْفِرِينَ الْمُتَسَحِّرِينَ بِالْأَسْحَارِ فَتَسَحَّرُوا وَ لَوْ بِجُرَعِ الْمَاءِ.
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of the sheykh Al Tusi – A group, from Abu Al Mufazzal, from Al-Hassan Bin Ali Al Aqouly, from Muhammad Bin Muaz Bin Sabit, from his father, from Amro Bin Jumie,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww: ‘Allah-azwj and His-azwj Angels are sending Salawaat upon the ones seeking Forgiveness, the ones having pre-dawn meal, therefore have a pre-dawn meal and even if with a gulp of water!’’[166]
12- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام تَمِيمٌ الْقُرَشِيُّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ عَنْ رَجَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي الضَّحَّاكِ قَالَ: كَانَ الرِّضَا ع فِي طَرِيقِ خُرَاسَانَ إِذَا أَقَامَ فِي بَلْدَةٍ عَشَرَةَ أَيَّامٍ صَائِماً لَا يُفْطِرُ فَإِذَا جَنَّ اللَّيْلُ بَدَأَ بِالصَّلَاةِ قَبْلَ الْإِفْطَارِ.
(The book) ‘Uyoun Akhbaar Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – Tameem Al Qureyshi, from his father, from Al Ansari, from Raja’a Bin Abu Al Zahhak who said,
‘Al-Reza-asws was in a road of Khurasan when he-asws stayed in a city for ten days fasting, not breaking. When the night came he-asws began with the Salat before breaking the fast’’.[167]
13- ثو، ثواب الأعمال أَبِي عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ السِّنْدِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: الْإِفْطَارُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ يَغْسِلُ ذُنُوبَ الْقَلْبِ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – My father, from Muhammad Al Attar, from Al Ash’ary, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Salih Bin Al Sindy, from Ibn Sinan, from a man,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Breaking the fast upon water washes sins of the heart’’.[168]
14- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام أَوَّلُ أَوْقَاتِ الصِّيَامِ وَقْتُ الْفَجْرِ وَ آخِرُهُ هُوَ اللَّيْلُ طُلُوعُ ثَلَاثِ كَوَاكِبَ لَا تُرَى مَعَ الشَّمْسِ وَ ذَهَابُ الْحُمْرَةِ مِنَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَ فِي وُجُودِ سَوَادِ الْمَحَاجِنِ
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws: ‘The beginning of timing of the fasts is the time of dawn, and its end, it is the night, emergence of three stars cannot be seen with the sun, and the redness going away from the east, and in finding blackness of the bird beaks.
وَ يُسْتَحَبُّ أَنْ يُتَسَحَّرَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ لَوْ بِشَرْبَةٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ وَ أَفْضَلُ السَّحُورِ السَّوِيقُ وَ التَّمْرُ وَ مُطْلَقٌ لَكَ الطَّعَامُ وَ الشَّرَابُ إِلَى أَنْ تَسْتَيْقِنَ طُلُوعَ الْفَجْرِ وَ أَحَلَّ لَكَ الْإِفْطَارُ إِذَا بَدَتْ ثَلَاثَةُ أَنْجُمٍ وَ هِيَ تَطْلُعُ مَعَ غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ.
And it is recommended that one should have pre-dawn mean during a month of Ramazan and even if by a drink of water, and the best pre-dawn meal is ‘Al-Suweyq’ and the dates (date balls), and the food and drinks are Permissible for you until you are certain of the emergence of dawn, and breaking the fast is Permissible for you when three stars appear, and these emerge with setting of the sun’’.[169]
15- سن، المحاسن جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ الْقَدَّاحِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَوَّلُ مَا يُفْطِرُ عَلَيْهِ فِي زَمَنِ الرُّطَبِ الرُّطَبُ وَ فِي زَمَنِ التَّمْرِ التَّمْرُ.
(The book) ‘Al Mahasin’ – Ja’far Bin Muhammad Al Ash’ary, from Ibn Al Qaddah,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The first of what Rasool-Allah-saww used to break fast upon in the time (season) of the fresh dates, was the fresh dates, and in the time (season) of the dried dates, the dried dates’’.[170]
16- سر، السرائر السَّيَّارِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ سَمَّاهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ قَالَ سُقُوطُ الشَّفَقِ.
(The book) ‘Al Saraair’ – Al Sayyari, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from a man whom he named,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws regarding Words of the Exalted: then complete the Fast up to the night; [2:187]. He-asws said: ‘Falling of the twilight’’.[171]
17- مكا، مكارم الأخلاق مِنْ مَجْمُوعِ أَبِي عَنِ الصَّادِقِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص كَانَ إِذَا أَفْطَرَ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ صُمْنَا وَ عَلَى رِزْقِكَ أَفْطَرْنَا فَتَقَبَّلْهُ مِنَّا ذَهَبَ الظَّمَأُ وَ ابْتَلَّتِ الْعُرُوقُ وَ بَقِيَ الْأَجْرُ
(The book) ‘Makarim Al Akhlaaq’ – from a collection of my father,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws: ‘It was so, whenever Rasool-Allah-saww broke fast, he-saww said: ‘O Allah-azwj! We have fasted for You-azwj and we are breaking upon Your-azwj sustenance, so Accept it from us! The thirst is gone, and the veils are moistened, and the Recompense remains!’
قَالَ وَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا أَكَلَ عِنْدَ قَوْمٍ قَالَ أَفْطَرَ عِنْدَكُمُ الصَّائِمُونَ وَ أَكَلَ طَعَامَكُمُ الْأَبْرَارُ.
He-asws said: ‘And it was so, whenever Rasool-Allah-saww ate in the presence of a group, said: ‘May the fasting ones break their fasts with you all, and may the righteous ones eat your food!’’[172]
وَ قَالَ: دَعْوَةُ الصَّائِمِ تُسْتَجَابُ عِنْدَ إِفْطَارِهِ.
And he-saww said: ‘Supplication of the fasting one is recommended at his breaking the fast’’.[173]
فَقَدْ جَاءَتِ الرِّوَايَةُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ص كَانَ يُفْطِرُ عَلَى التَّمْرِ وَ كَانَ إِذَا وَجَدَ السُّكَّرَ أَفْطَرَ عَلَيْهِ.
The report has come that the Prophet-saww was breaking fast upon the dates, and whenever he-saww found the sugar, he-saww broke upon it’’.[174]
14 عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ص كَانَ يُفْطِرُ عَلَى الْحُلْوِ فَإِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ يُفْطِرُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ الْفَاتِرِ وَ كَانَ يَقُولُ إِنَّهُ يُنَقِّي الْكَبِدَ وَ الْمَعِدَةَ وَ يُطَيِّبُ النَّكْهَةَ وَ الْفَمَ وَ يُقَوِّي الْأَضْرَاسَ وَ الْحَدَقَ وَ يُحَدِّدُ النَّاظِرَ وَ يَغْسِلُ الذُّنُوبَ غَسْلًا وَ يُسَكِّنُ الْعُرُوقَ الْهَائِجَةَ وَ الْمِرَّةَ الْغَالِبَةَ وَ يَقْطَعُ الْبَلْغَمَ وَ يُطْفِئُ الْحَرَارَةَ عَنِ الْمَعِدَةِ وَ يَذْهَبُ بِالصُّدَاعِ
From Al-Sadiq-asws: ‘The Prophet-saww used to break fast upon the sweet. When he-saww could not find, he-saww would break upon the lukewarm water, and he-saww would say: ‘It purifies the liver and the stomach and betters (freshens) the breath and the mouth, and strengthens the molars and the gaze, and sharpens the vision, and washes the sins with a washing, and calms the agitated veins and the excessive bile, and cuts the phlegm, and extinguishes the heat from the stomach, and does away the headache!’
وَ كَانَ ص إِذَا كَانَ صَائِماً يُفْطِرُ عَلَى الرُّطَبِ فِي زَمَانِهِ.
And he-saww was such, whenever he-saww fasted, he-saww would break upon the fresh dates in its time (season)’’.[175]
أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ كَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص شَرْبَةٌ يُفْطِرُ عَلَيْهَا وَ شَرْبَةٌ لِلسَّحَرِ وَ رُبَّمَا كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً وَ رُبَّمَا كَانَتْ لَبَناً وَ رُبَّمَا كَانَتِ الشَّرْبَةُ خُبْزاً يُمَاثُ.
Anas Bin Malik (a well-known fabricator), ‘For Rasool-Allah-saww there was a drink he-saww used to break his-saww fast upon, and a drink for the pre-dawn meal, and sometimes it was the one drink, and sometimes it was milk, and sometimes the drink (with) soaked bread’’.[176]
باب 39 ثواب من فطر مؤمنا أو تصدق في شهر رمضان
CHAPTER 39 – REWARDS OF ONE BREAKS THE FAST (GIVING A MEAL) TO A MOMIN, OR GIVE CHARITY DURING A MONTH OF RAMAZAN
1- ثو، ثواب الأعمال ابْنُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنِ السَّعْدَآبَادِيِّ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: أَيُّمَا مُؤْمِنٍ أَطْعَمَ مُؤْمِناً لَيْلَةً مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ مِثْلَ أَجْرِ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ ثَلَاثِينَ نَسَمَةً مُؤْمِنَةً وَ كَانَ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ دَعْوَةٌ مُسْتَجَابَةٌ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – Ibn Al Mutawakkil, from Al Asad’abady, from Al Barqy, from Ibn Mahboub, from Hisham Bin Salim, from Abu Baseer,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Whichever Momin feeds a Momin in a night of a month of Ramazan, Allah-azwj will Write for him due to that Recompense similar to the one liberating thirty Momin persons, and due to that there would be for him in the Presence of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and Answered supplication’’.[177]
2- ثو، ثواب الأعمال أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ الْيَقْطِينِيِّ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ خَلَفِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: مَنْ تَصَدَّقَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ بِصَدَقَةٍ صَرَفَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ سَبْعِينَ نَوْعاً مِنَ الْبَلَاءِ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – My father, from Sa’ad Bin Al Yaqteeny, from Umar Bin Ibrahim, from Khalaf Bin Hammad, from the one who mentioned it,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘One who gives charity during a month of Ramazan, Allah‑azwj will Turn away from him seventy types of afflictions’’.[178]
3- سن، المحاسن ابْنُ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ الْحُرِّ عَنِ السَّمَيْدَعِ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ الْجُهَنِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: لَأَنْ أُفَطِّرَ رَجُلًا مُؤْمِناً فِي بَيْتِي أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ عِتْقِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا نَسَمَةً مِنْ وُلْدِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ.
(The book) ‘Al Mahasin’ – Ibn Al Fazzal, from Haroun Bin Muslim, from Ayoub Bin Al Hurr, from Al Sameydi, from Malik Bin Ayn Al Juhny,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘If I were to break the fast of a Momin (with a meal) in my‑asws house, it would be more beloved to me-asws than liberating such and such persons from the sons of Ismail-as’’.[179]
4- سن، المحاسن ابْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ فَطَّرَ مُؤْمِناً فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ كَانَ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ وَ مَغْفِرَةٌ لِذُنُوبِهِ فِيمَا مَضَى فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ إِلَّا عَلَى مَذْقَةِ لَبَنِ فَفَطَّرَ بِهَا صَائِماً أَوْ شَرْبَةٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ عَذْبٍ وَ تَمْرٍ لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَعْطَاهُ اللَّهُ هَذَا الثَّوَابَ.
(The book) ‘Al Mahasin’ – Ibn Mahboub, from Abu Ayoub,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘One who breaks the fast of a Momin (with a meal) during a month of Ramazan, there would be for him, due to that, Recompense of liberating a neck, and Forgives of his sins of the past. If he is not able except upon making him taste (a sip of) milk so a fasting one breaks with it, or a drink of fresh water and dates, not being able upon more than that, Allah-azwj will Give him this Reward’’.[180]
5- سن، المحاسن أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدَانَ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ع قَالَ: فِطْرُكَ أَخَاكَ الصَّائِمَ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ صِيَامِكَ.
(The book) ‘Al Mahasin’ – My father, from Sa’dan, from Musa Bin Bakr,
‘From Abu Al-Hassan Musa-asws having said: ‘Breaking the fast of your fasting brother (with a meal) is better than you fasting’’.[181]
6- سن، المحاسن مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ عَنْ سَيَابَةَ بْنِ ضُرَيْسٍ عَنْ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ حُمْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع إِذَا كَانَ الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي يَصُومُ فِيهِ يَأْمُرُ بِشَاةٍ فَتُذْبَحُ وَ تُقَطَّعُ أَعْضَاؤُهُ وَ تُطْبَخُ وَ إِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْمَسَاءِ أَكَبَّ عَلَى الْقُدُورِ حَتَّى يَجِدَ رِيحَ الْمَرَقِ وَ هُوَ صَائِمٌ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ هَاتِ الْقِصَاعَ اغْرِفُوا لِآلِ فُلَانٍ وَ اغْرِفُوا لِآلِ فُلَانٍ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ عَلَى آخِرِ الْقُدُورِ ثُمَّ يُؤْتَى بِخُبْزٍ وَ تَمْرٍ فَيَكُونُ ذَلِكَ عَشَاءَهُ.
(The book) ‘Al Mahasin’ – Muhammad Bin Ali, from Ali Bin Asbaat, from Sayaba Bin Zureys, from Hamza Bin Humran,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Ali Bin Al-Husayn-asws was such, whenever it was the day in which he-asws instructed with a sheep so it was slaughtered and its limbs were cut and cooked, and when it was at evening time, he-asws would devote upon the pot until he-asws found the aroma of the broth while he-asws was fasting, then he-asws said: ‘Bring the bowls! Scoop for the family of so and so, and scoop for the family of so and so!’, until he-asws would to end of the pot, then he-asws would come with bread and dates, and that would be his-asws dinner’’.[182]
7- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام أَحْسِنُوا فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِلَى عِيَالِكُمْ وَ وَسِّعُوا عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَدْ أَرْوِي عَنِ الْعَالِمِ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحَاسِبُ الصَّائِمَ عَلَى مَا أَنْفَقَهُ فِي مَطْعَمٍ وَ لَا مَشْرَبٍ وَ إِنَّهُ لَا إِسْرَافَ فِي ذَلِكَ.
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – ‘During the month of Ramazan be excellent to your dependants and be capacious upon them, so it has been reported from the Scholar-asws that he-asws said: ‘The fasting one will not be Reckoned upon what he spends, neither regarding food nor drink, and there is no extravagance in that!’’[183]
8- مكا، مكارم الأخلاق عَنِ الرِّضَا ع قَالَ: تَفْطِيرُكَ أَخَاكَ الصَّائِمَ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ صِيَامِكَ.
(The book) ‘Makarim Al Akhlaaq’ –
‘From Al-Reza-asws having said: ‘Your breaking the fast of your fasting brother (with a meal) is better than your fasting’’.[184]
9- الْعُيُونُ، بِإِسْنَادٍ سَيَأْتِي عَنِ الرِّضَا ع قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فِي خُطْبَتِهِ فِي فَضْلِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ مَنْ فَطَّرَ مِنْكُمْ صَائِماً مُؤْمِناً فِي هَذَا الشَّهْرِ كَانَ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ وَ مَغْفِرَةٌ لِمَا مَضَى مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ
(The book) ‘Al Uyoun’ – By a chain I shall be coming with,
‘From Al-Reza-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said in his-saww sermon regarding merits of the month of Ramazan: ‘O you people! One from you who breaks a fasting Momin (with a meal) in this month, there would be for him in the Presence of Allah-azwj due to that, Recompense of liberating a neck, and Forgiveness of what has passed from his sins!’
قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص وَ لَيْسَ كُلُّنَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ
It was said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww, and all of us aren’t able upon that!’
فَقَالَ ص اتَّقُوا النَّارَ وَ لَوْ بِشِقِّ تَمْرَةٍ اتَّقُوا النَّارَ وَ لَوْ بِشَرْبَةٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ.
He-saww said: ‘Fear the Hellfire, and even if by part of a date, and even with a drink of water (given for helping to break the fast of a Momin)’’.[185]
10- كِتَابُ فَضَائِلِ الْأَشْهُرِ الثَّلَاثَةِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُوسَى الرِّضَا ع قَالَ: مَنْ تَصَدَّقَ وَقْتَ إِفْطَارِهِ عَلَى مِسْكِينٍ بِرَغِيفٍ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ ذَنْبَهُ وَ كَتَبَ لَهُ ثَوَابَ عِتْقِ رَقَبَةٍ مِنَ النَّارِ [كَذَا] مِنْ وُلْدِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ.
The book ‘Fazaal Al Ash’har Al Salasa’ – from Muhammad Bin Ibrahim Bin Is’haq, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Hamdany, from Ali Bin Al-Hassan Bin Ali Bin Fazzal, from his father,
‘From Abu Al-Hassan Ali-asws Bin Musa Al-Reza-asws having said: ‘One who gives charity to a poor one at the time of breaking the fast with a loaf of bread, Allah-azwj will Forgive his sins and Write for him Rewards of liberating a neck from the sons of Ismail-as from the Hellfire’’.[186]
باب 40 وقت ما يجبر الصبي على الصوم
CHAPTER 40 – TIME WHAT THE CHILD CAN BE COMPELLED UPON THE FASTING
1- ل، الخصال ابْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: يُؤَدَّبُ الصَّبِيُّ عَلَى الصَّوْمِ مَا بَيْنَ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً إِلَى سِتَّ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – Ibn Al Mugheira, from his grandfather, from his grandfather, from Al Abbas Bin Aamir, from the one who mentioned it,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The child should be educated (disciplined) upon the fasting in what is between fifteen to sixteen years’’.[187]
2- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام اعْلَمْ أَنَّ الْغُلَامَ يُؤْخَذُ بِالصِّيَامِ إِذَا بَلَغَ تِسْعَ سِنِينَ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا يُطِيقُهُ فَإِنْ أَطَاقَ إِلَى الظُّهْرِ أَوْ بَعْدَهُ صَامَ إِلَى ذَلِكَ الْوَقْتِ فَإِذَا غَلَبَ عَلَيْهِ الْجُوعُ وَ الْعَطَشُ أَفْطَرَ وَ إِذَا صَامَ صَامَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَ لَا تَأْخُذُهُ بِصِيَامِ الشَّهْرِ كُلِّهِ.
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting upon him-asws: ‘The boy should be seized for the fasting when he reaching nine years, in accordance to whatever he can endure. If he can endure up to the noon or after it, he should fast up to that time. When the hunger and the thirst overcome upon him, he should break, and when he fasts, he should fast for three days and not seized for fasting the whole month’’.[188]
3- نَوَادِرُ الرَّاوَنْدِيِّ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع تَجِبُ الصَّلَاةُ عَلَى الصَّبِيِّ إِذَا عَقَلَ وَ الصَّوْمُ إِذَا أَطَاقَ.
(The book) ‘Nawadir’ of Al Rawandy – By his chain,
‘From Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Ali-asws said: ‘The Salat is obligated upon the child when he has understanding, and the fasting when he can endure’’.[189]
باب 41 الحامل و المرضعة و ذي العطاش و الشيخ و الشيخة
CHAPTER 41 – THE PREGNANT AND THE BREASTFEEDING WOMAN, AND WITHI THE THIRST, AND THE OLD MAN AND THE OLD WOMAN
1- ب، قرب الإسناد ابْنُ طَرِيفٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُلْوَانَ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ع أَنَّهُ كَانَتْ لَهُ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ فَأَصَابَهَا عُطَاشٌ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ هِيَ حَامِلٌ فَسُئِلَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ مُرُوهَا فَلْتُفْطِرْ وَ تَصَدَّقُ مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِمُدٍّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ.
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Isnaad’ – Ibn Tareyf, from Ibn Ulwan,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws father-asws, there was a mother of a child of his and the thirst afflicted her during a month of Ramazan while she was pregnant. He-asws was asked by Ibn Umar about that. He-asws said, ‘Instruct her to break and give in charity in place of every day, a ‘Mudd’ of food’’.[190]
2- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام إِذَا لَمْ يَتَهَيَّأْ لِلشَّيْخِ أَوِ الشَّابِّ الْمَعْلُولِ أَوِ الْمَرْأَةِ الْحَامِلِ أَنْ يَصُومَ مِنَ الْعَطَشِ وَ الْجُوعِ أَوْ خَافَتْ أَنْ يُضِرَّ بِوَلَدِهَا فَعَلَيْهِمْ جَمِيعاً الْإِفْطَارُ وَ يُتَصَدَّقُ عَنْ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِمُدَّيْنِ مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ.
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – ‘If it is not achievable for the old man, or the sick youth, or the pregnant woman that they fast, due to the hunger and thirst, or she fears that her child might be harmed, upon them all is the breaking and giving charity, for each one, for every day two ‘Mudd(s)’ of food, and there is no repayment (re-fasting) upon them’’.[191]
3- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فِي قَوْلِهِ وَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعامُ مِسْكِينٍ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ الْكَبِيرُ وَ الَّذِي يَأْخُذُهُ الْعُطَاشُ.
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws regarding His-azwj Words: and upon those who can endure it (but with difficulty) is an expiation of feeding the poor (for missed Fasts); [2:184]. He-asws said: ‘The old man and the one seized by the thirst’’.[192]
4- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ وَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعامُ مِسْكِينٍ قَالَ هُوَ الشَّيْخُ الْكَبِيرُ الَّذِي لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ وَ الْمَرِيضُ.
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – From Sama’at, from Abu Baseer who said,
‘I asked him-asws about Words of Allah-azwj: and upon those who can endure it (but with difficulty) is an expiation of feeding the poor (for missed Fasts); [2:184]. He-asws said: ‘He is the old man who is not capable (of fasting), and the sick one’’.[193]
5- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ وَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعامُ مِسْكِينٍ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ الْكَبِيرُ وَ الَّذِي يَأْخُذُهُ الْعُطَاشُ.
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Al A’ala, from Muhammad,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I asked him-asws about Words of Allah-azwj: and upon those who can endure it (but with difficulty) is an expiation of feeding the poor (for missed Fasts); [2:184]. He-asws said: ‘The old man and the one whom the thirst seizes’’.[194]
6- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي قَوْلِهِ وَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعامُ مِسْكِينٍ قَالَ الْمَرْأَةُ تَخَافُ عَلَى وَلَدِهَا وَ الشَّيْخُ الْكَبِيرُ.
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – From Rifa’at,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws regarding His-azwj Words: and upon those who can endure it (but with difficulty) is an expiation of feeding the poor (for missed Fasts); [2:184]. He-asws said: ‘The woman fearing upon her child, and the aged old man’’.[195]
7- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ الشَّيْخُ الْكَبِيرُ وَ الَّذِي بِهِ الْعُطَاشُ لَا حَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يُفْطِرَا فِي رَمَضَانَ وَ تَصَدَّقَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِمُدَّيْنِ [مِنْ] طَعَامٍ وَ لَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِمَا وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرَا فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِمَا.
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – From Muhammad Bin Muslim who said,
‘I heard Abu Ja’far-asws saying: ‘The aged old man and the one having thirst with him, there is no problem upon them to be breaking during Ramazan and giving charity, each one of them, during every day two ‘Mudd(s)’ of food, and there is no repayment (re-fasting) upon them, and if they are not able (to give charity), there is nothing upon them’’.[196]
8- سر، السرائر مِنْ كِتَابِ الْمَسَائِلِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع أَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ تُرْضِعُ وَلَدَهَا أَوْ غَيْرَ وَلَدِهَا فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَتَشْتَدُّ عَلَيْهَا الصَّوْمُ وَ هِيَ تُرْضِعُ حَتَّى يُغْشَى عَلَيْهَا وَ لَا تَقْدِرُ عَلَى الصِّيَامِ أَ تُرْضِعُ وَ تُفْطِرُ وَ تَقْضِي صِيَامَهَا إِذَا أَمْكَنَهَا أَوْ تَدَعُ الرَّضَاعَ فَإِنْ كَانَتْ مِمَّا لَا يُمْكِنُهَا اتِّخَاذُ مَنْ تُرْضِعُ فَكَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ
(The book) ‘Al Saraair’, from ‘Kitab Al Masaai’ – From Ali Bin Mahziyar who said,
‘I wrote to Abu Al-Hassan-asws asking him-asws about a woman who breastfeeds her child or other than her child, during a month of Ramazan, so the fast becomes severe upon her while she is breastfeeding until there is unconsciousness upon her and she is not able upon the fasting. ‘Should she breast feed and break her fasts when she can or leave the breastfeeding, when she was from what is not possible for her to take someone to breastfeed. So how should she deal with it?’
فَكَتَبَ إِنْ كَانَتْ يُمْكِنُهَا اتِّخَاذُ ظِئْرٍ اسْتَرْضَعَتْ لولده [لِوَلَدِهَا] وَ أَتَمَّتْ صِيَامَهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ لَا يُمْكِنُهَا أَفْطَرَتْ وَ أَرْضَعَتْ وَلَدَهَا وَ قَضَتْ صِيَامَهَا مَتَى أَمْكَنَهَا.
He-asws wrote: ‘If it was possible she should take a wet-nurse to breastfeed her child and complete her fasts, and if that was not possible for her, she should break and breastfeed her child, and make up her fasts whenever she can’’.[197]
9- ين، كتاب حسين بن سعيد و النوادر ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَبِيرٍ يَضْعُفُ عَنْ صَوْمِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِمَا يُجْزِئُ عَنْهُ طَعَامٍ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ لِلْمَسَاكِينِ.
From the book of Husayn Bin Saeed and ‘Al Nawadir’ – Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hammad Bin Al Halby,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I asked him-asws about an old man, too weak from fasting the month of Ramazan. He-asws said: ‘He should give charity with what would suffice on his behalf, food to the poor for every day’’.[198]
10- ين، كتاب حسين بن سعيد و النوادر الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ كَانَ كَبِيراً لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ الصِّيَامَ أَوْ مَرِضَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ إِلَى رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ صَحَّ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْهِ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ أَفْطَرَ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامٌ وَ هُوَ مُدٌّ لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ.
The book of Husayn Bin Saeed and ‘Al Nawadir’ – Al Qasim Bin Muhammad, from Ali, from Abu Baseer who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Whichever an was old, not capable of fasting, or sick from a month of Ramazan to a month of Ramazan, then he becomes healthy, so rather upon him, for every day that he broke, is an expiation of food, and it is a ‘Mudd’ each for a poor one’’.[199]
11- ين، كتاب حسين بن سعيد و النوادر فَضَالَةُ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ فَرْقَدٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ قَالَ: كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ حَفْصٌ الْأَعْوَرُ سَلْ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ ثَلَاثِ مَسَائِلَ
The book of Husayn Bin Saeed and ‘Al Nawadir’ – Fazalat, from Dawood Bin Farqad, from his brother who said,
‘Hafs Al-Awr wrote to me, ‘Ask Abu Abdullah-asws about three issues’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا هِيَ
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘What are these?’
فَقَالَ مِنْ بَدَلِ الصِّيَامِ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ
He said, ‘From replacement of the fasts of three days from each month’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مِنْ مَرَضٍ أَوْ كِبَرٍ أَوْ عَطَشٍ
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘From sickness, or old age or thirst’.
فَقَالَ مَا سُمِّيَ شَيْءٌ
He said, ‘Nothing has been specified!’
فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ مِنْ مَرَضٍ فَإِذَا بَرَأَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ فِي كِبَرٍ أَوْ عَطَشٍ فَبَدَلُ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مُدّاً.
He-asws said: ‘If it was from sickness, then when he recovers let him fast it, and if it was from old age or thirst, so instead of every day, a Mudd (of food given in charity)’’.[200] (not recorded correctly)
باب 42 حكم الصوم في السفر و المرض و حكم السفر في شهر رمضان
CHAPTER 42 RULING OF THE FAST DURING THE JOURNEY, AND THE SICKNESS, AND RULING OF THE JOURNEY DURING A MONTH OF RAMAZAN
1- ب، قرب الإسناد ابْنُ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ الْيَسَعِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الْأَوَّلَ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَتَى أَهْلَهُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ هُوَ مُسَافِرٌ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ.
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Isnaad’ – Ibn Isa, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Muhammad Bin Sahl Bin Al Yas’a, from his father who said,
‘I asked Abu Al-Hassan-asws the 1st about a man who goes to his wife during a month of Ramazan and he is travelling. He-asws said: ‘There is no problem with it’’.[201]
2- ل، الخصال فِي خَبَرِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع التَّقْصِيرُ فِي ثَمَانِيَةِ فَرَاسِخَ وَ هُوَ بَرِيدَانِ وَ إِذَا قَصَّرْتَ أَفْطَرْتَ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – In a report by Al Amsh,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws: ‘The shortening (of Salat) is in eight Farsakh(s), and it is two ‘Bareyd(s)’, and when you shorten, you break (do not fast)’’.[202]
3- ل، الخصال الْأَرْبَعُمِائَةِ قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع لَيْسَ لِلْعَبْدِ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ فِي سَفَرٍ إِذَا حَضَرَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – The Four hundred (Ahadeeth), he said,
‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘It isn’t for the servant that he goes out in a journey when a month of Ramazan presents, due to Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: therefore whoever of you is present in the Month, so let him Fast it, [2:185]’’.[203]
4- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام تَمِيمٌ الْقُرَشِيُّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ عَنْ رَجَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي الضَّحَّاكِ قَالَ كَانَ الرِّضَا ع لَا يَصُومُ فِي السَّفَرِ شَيْئاً.
(The book) ‘Uyoun Akhbaar Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – Tameem Al Qureyshi, from his father, from Al Ansari, from Raja’a Bin Abu Al Zahhak who said,
‘Al-Reza-asws did not fast anything during a journey’’.[204]
5- ب، قرب الإسناد عَلِيٌّ عَنْ أَخِيهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَتْرُكُ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ فِي السَّفَرِ فَيُقِيمُ الْأَيَّامَ فِي الْمَكَانِ هَلْ عَلَيْهِ صَوْمٌ
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Isnaad’ –
‘Ali, from his brother (Musa Al-Kazim-asws), he said, ‘I asked him-asws about the man who neglects a month of Ramazan during the journey so he stays (spends) the days in the place, ‘Is fasting upon him?’
قَالَ لَا حَتَّى يُجْمِعَ عَلَى مُقَامِ عَشَرَةِ أَيَّامٍ فَإِذَا أَجْمَعَ عَلَى مُقَامِ عَشَرَةِ أَيَّامٍ صَامَ وَ أَتَمَّ الصَّلَاةَ
He-asws said: ‘No, until he gathers ten days upon staying (in one place). When the total stay is of ten days he should fast and pray the complete Salat’.
وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ الْأَيَّامُ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ هُوَ مُسَافِرٌ هَلْ يَقْضِي إِذَا أَقَامَ الْأَيَّامَ فِي الْمَكَانِ
And I asked him about a man, the days of a month of Ramazan come upon him and he is a traveller, ‘Would he make up the days in the place?’
قَالَ لَا حَتَّى يُجْمِعَ عَلَى مُقَامِ عَشَرَةِ أَيَّامٍ.
He-asws said: ‘No, until he stays in a place for ten days’’.[205]
6- ل، الخصال أَبِي عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَهْدَى إِلَيَّ وَ إِلَى أُمَّتِي هَدِيَّةً لَمْ يُهْدِهَا إِلَى أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْأُمَمِ كَرَامَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ لَنَا
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – My father, from Ali, from his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuni,
‘From Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, from his-asws father-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted has Gifted to me-saww and to my-saww community, a gift He‑azwj did not Gift it to anyone from the communities as a prestige from Allah-azwj for us!’
قَالُوا وَ مَا ذَلِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ
They said, ‘And what is that, O Rasool-Allah-saww!’
قَالَ الْإِفْطَارُ فِي السَّفَرِ وَ التَّقْصِيرُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ رَدَّ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ هَدِيَّتَهُ.
He-saww said: ‘The breaking of fast in the journey and the shortening in the Salat, the one who does not do that, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic will Return His-azwj gift’’.[206]
7- ع، علل الشرائع ابْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: اشْتَكَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ عَيْنَهَا فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَأَمَرَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَنْ تُفْطِرَ وَ قَالَ عَشَاءُ اللَّيْلِ لِعَيْنِكِ رَدِيٌ.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – Ibn Al Waleed, from Ibn Aban, from Al-Husayn Bin Saeed, from Suleyman Bin Umar,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Umm Salama-ra complained of her-ra eye during a month of Ramazan, so Rasool-Allah-saww instructed her to break, and said: ‘The night dinner is bad for your-ra eyes’’.[207]
8- ع، علل الشرائع الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي الْعَلَاءِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَصُومُ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ فِي السَّفَرِ
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – Al-Husayn Bin Ahmad, from his father, from Ibn Isa, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Abdul Malik Bin Utba, from Is’haq Bin Ammar, from Yahya Bin Abu Al A’ala,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘A man came to Rasool-Allah-saww. He said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! Shall I fast the month of Ramazan in the journey?’
فَقَالَ لَا
He-saww said: ‘No’.
قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ عَلَيَّ يَسِيرٌ
He said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww, it is easy upon me!’
فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ تَصَدَّقَ عَلَى مَرْضَى أُمَّتِي وَ مُسَافِرِيهَا بِالْإِفْطَارِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَ يُعْجِبُ أَحَدَكُمْ إِذَا تَصَدَّقَ بِصَدَقَةٍ أَنْ تُرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ صَدَقَتُهُ.
Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and majestic has been Charitable upon the sick ones of my-saww community and their travellers with breaking of the fast during month of Ramazan. Would one of you find it strange when he gives charity and his charity is rejected back to him?’’[208]
9- ين، كتاب حسين بن سعيد و النوادر عَلَاءٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ أَنْ يَصُومَ إِلَى أَنْ يَقُومَ قَائِمُكُمْ قَالَ شَيْءٌ عَلَيْهِ أَوْ جَعَلَهُ لِلَّهِ
The book of Husayn Bin Saeed, and ‘Al Nawadir’ – A’laa, from Muhammad,
‘Abu Ja’far-asws, he said, ‘I asked him-asws about a man who makes upon himself that he will fast until your-asws Qaim-ajfj rises. He-asws said: ‘Is there something upon him (a vow), or he has made it for the Sake of Allah-azwj?’
قُلْتُ بَلْ جَعَلَهُ لِلَّهِ
I said, ‘But he has made it for the Sake of Allah-azwj’.
قَالَ كَانَ عَارِفاً أَوْ غَيْرَ عَارِفٍ
He-asws said: ‘Is he a knower or not a knower?’
قُلْتُ بَلْ عَارِفٌ
I said, ‘But he is a knower’.
قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ عَارِفاً أَتَمَّ الصَّوْمَ وَ لَا يَصُومُ فِي السَّفَرِ وَ الْمَرَضِ وَ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ.
He-asws said: ‘If he was a knower, he should complete the fast and he should not fast during the journey and the sickness and the days of Al-Tashreeq (11th to 13th Zulhijjah)’’.[209]
10- ع، علل الشرائع أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِذَا سَافَرَ الرَّجُلُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَلَا يَقْرَبِ النِّسَاءَ بِالنَّهَارِ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ مُحَرَّمٌ عَلَيْهِ.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – My father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Abu Al Khattab, from Muhammad Bin Abdullah Bin Hilal, from Al A’ala, from Muhammad,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When the man is travelling during a month of Ramazan, he should not go near the women at daytime for that is Prohibited unto him’’.[210]
11- ثو، ثواب الأعمال ابْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ عَنِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ هِلَالٍ عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص خِيَارُكُمُ الَّذِينَ إِذَا سَافَرُوا قَصَرُوا وَ أَفْطَرُوا.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – Ibn Al Waleed, from Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Al Ash’ary, from Ahmad Bin Hilal, from Isa Bin Abdullah, from his father, from his grandfather,
‘From Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Your best ones are those when they travel, they shorten (the Salat) and they break (don’t fast)’’.[211]
12- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام رُوِيَ أَنَّ مَنْ صَامَ فِي مَرَضِهِ أَوْ سَفَرِهِ أَوْ أَتَمَّ الصَّلَاةَ فَعَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ جَاهِلًا فِيهِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ.
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – ‘It is reported that the one who fasts during his illness or his journey, or pays the complete Salat, upon him is the making up (redoing) except if he happens to be ignorant regarding it, then there isn’t anything upon him’’.[212]
13- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام لَا يَجُوزُ لِلْمَرِيضِ وَ الْمُسَافِرِ الصِّيَامُ فَإِنْ صَامَا كَانَا عَاصِيَيْنِ وَ عَلَيْهِمَا الْقَضَاءُ وَ يَصُومُ الْعَلِيلُ إِذَا وَجَدَ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ خِفَّةً وَ عَلِمَ أَنَّهُ قَادِرٌ عَلَى الصَّوْمِ وَ هُوَ أَبْصَرُ بِنَفْسِهِ وَ لَا يَجُوزُ لِلْمُسَافِرِ عَلَى حَالٍ مِنَ الْأَحْوَالِ إِلَّا عَادِياً أَوْ بَاغِياً وَ الْعَادِي اللِّصُّ وَ الْبَاغِي الَّذِي يَبْغِي الصَّيْدَ
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – ‘The fasting is not allowed for the sick and the traveller. If they fast, they would be disobedient, and upon them would be to make up (redo), and the sick one would fast when he finds lightness for himself and knows that he is able upon the fasting, and he is more insightful with himself, and it is not allowed for the traveller, upon any situation from the situations except a hostile or rebel, and the hostile is the thief and the rebel is the one who seeks the prey (hunting).
فَإِذَا قَدِمْتَ مِنَ السَّفَرِ وَ عَلَيْكَ بَقِيَّةُ يَوْمٍ فَأَمْسِكْ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَ الشَّرَابِ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ فَإِنْ خَرَجْتَ فِي سَفَرٍ وَ عَلَيْكَ بَقِيَّةُ يَوْمٍ فَأَفْطِرْ
When you arrive from the journey and upon you are remainder of a day, then withhold from the food and the drink up to the night. If you go out in a journey and upon you is remainder of a day, then break and eat.
وَ كُلُّ مَنْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ التَّقْصِيرُ فِي السَّفَرِ فَعَلَيْهِ الْإِفْطَارُ وَ كُلُّ مَنْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ التَّمَامُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَعَلَيْهِ الصِّيَامُ مَتَى مَا أَتَمَّ صَامَ وَ مَتَى مَا قَصَّرَ أَفْطَرَ
And every one the shortening (of the Salat) is obligated upon in the journey, upon him is the breaking (not fasting), and every one the completion is obligated regarding the Salat, upon him are the fasts. Whenever he prays complete salat, he fasts, and whenever he shortens, he breaks.
وَ الَّذِي يَلْزَمُهُ التَّمَامُ لِلصَّلَاةِ وَ الصَّوْمِ فِي السَّفَرِ الْمُكَارِي وَ الْبَرِيدُ وَ الرَّاعِي وَ الْمَلَّاحُ وَ الرَّائِحُ لِأَنَّهُ عَمَلُهُمْ وَ صَاحِبُ الصَّيْدِ إِذَا كَانَ صَيْدُهُ بَطَراً فَعَلَيْهِ التَّمَامُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ وَ الصَّوْمِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ صَيْدُهُ لِلتِّجَارَةِ فَعَلَيْهِ التَّمَامُ فِي الصَّوْمِ وَ الصَّلَاةِ
And the one for whom necessitates completion of the Salat and the fasting during the journey is the cameleer, and the courier (postman), and the shepherd, and the sailor, and ‘Al-Raaih’ (one who travels as a job), because it is their work, and the hunter when his hunt was for sport, upon him is the completion in the Salat and the fasting, and if is hunting was for the trading, upon him is the completion in the fasting and the Salat’.
And it is reported that upon him is the breaking regarding the fast, and when his hunting was from what he provides for his dependants, upon him is the shortening in the Salat and the fast due to Words of the Prophet-saww: ‘The one toiling for his dependants is like the warrior in the way of Allah-azwj’.
وَ إِنْ أَصَابَكَ رَمَدٌ فَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ تُفْطِرَ تُعَالِجُ عَيْنَيْكَ وَ لَا تَصُومُ فِي السَّفَرِ شَيْئاً مِنْ صَوْمِ الْفَرْضِ وَ لَا السُّنَّةِ وَ لَا التَّطَوُّعِ إِلَّا صَوْمَ كَفَّارَةِ صَيْدِ الْحَرَمِ وَ صَوْمَ كَفَّارَةِ الْإِحْلَالِ فِي الْإِحْرَامِ
And if sore eyes afflict you, there is no problem if you break to treat your eyes, and do not fast anything during the journey from the obligatory fasts nor the Sunna nor the voluntary except fasting as an expiation of hunting in the Sanctuary and fasting as an expiation of the deconsecrating in the Ihraam (consecration).
إِنْ كَانَ بِهِ أَذًى مِنْ رَأْسِهِ وَ صَوْمَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ لِطَلَبِ حَاجَةٍ عِنْدَ قَبْرِ النَّبِيِّ ص وَ هُوَ يَوْمُ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ وَ الْخَمِيسِ وَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَ صَوْمَ الِاعْتِكَافِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَ مَسْجِدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ مَسْجِدِ الْكُوفَةِ وَ مَسْجِدِ الْمَدَائِنِ.
If there was a harm from his head and he should fast three days to seek a need by the grave of the Prophet-saww, and it is the day of Wednesday and the Thursday and the Friday, and fasting the ‘Itikaaf’ (seclusion) in the Sacred Masjid, and Masjid of the Rasool-saww, and Masjid of Al-Kufa, and Masjid of Madaain’’.[213]
14- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنِ الصَّبَّاحِ بْنِ سَيَابَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ ابْنَ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَسْأَلَكَ عَنْ مَسَائِلَ
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Al Sabbah Bin Sayaba who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘Ibn Abu Yafour has instructed me to ask you about an issue’.
فَقَالَ وَ مَا هِيَ
He-asws said: ‘And what is it?’
قَالَ يَقُولُ لَكَ إِذَا دَخَلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ أَنَا فِي مَنْزِلِي إِلَى أَنْ أُسَافِرَ
He said, ‘He says to you-asws, ‘When a month of Ramazan enters and I am in my house, until when can I travel?’’
قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ فَمَنْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ هُوَ فِي أَهْلِهِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يُسَافِرَ إِلَّا لِحَجٍّ أَوْ عُمْرَةٍ أَوْ فِي طَلَبِ مَالٍ يَخَافُ تَلَفَهُ.
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Says: therefore, whoever of you is present in the Month, so let him Fast it, [2:185]. So, the one, a month of Ramazan enters upon him and he is among his family members, it isn’t for him that he travels except for Hajj, or Umrah, or in seeking wealth he fears it’s damage’’.[214]
15- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فِي قَوْلِهِ فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ مَا أُبَيِّنُهَا لِمَنْ عَقَلَهَا
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – From Zurara,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws regarding His-azwj Words: therefore whoever of you is present in the Month, so let him Fast it, [2:185]. He (the narrator) said, ‘He-asws said: ‘How clear it is for the one who understand it!’
قَالَ مَنْ شَهِدَ رَمَضَانَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَ مَنْ سَافَرَ فِيهِ فَلْيُفْطِرْ.
He-asws said: ‘One who is present in a month of Ramazan, let him fast it, and one who travels during it, let him break’’.[215]
وَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَلْيَصُمْهُ قَالَ الصَّوْمَ فُوهُ لَا يَتَكَلَّمُ إِلَّا بِالْخَيْرِ.
And Abu Abdullah-asws said: (Re) so let him Fast it, [2:185]. He-asws said: ‘Fasting of his mouth is he should not speak except with the good’’.[216]
16- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ حَدِّ الْمَرَضِ الَّذِي يَجِبُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ فِيهِ الْإِفْطَارُ كَمَا يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ فِي السَّفَرِ فِي قَوْلِهِ وَ مَنْ كانَ مَرِيضاً أَوْ عَلى سَفَرٍ
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Abu Baseer who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about a limit of the sickness which obligates upon its sufferer the breaking in it just as it obligates upon him during the journey regarding His-azwj Words: therefore, whoever of you is present in the Month, so let him Fast it, [2:185].
قَالَ هُوَ مُؤْتَمَنٌ عَلَيْهِ مُفَوَّضٌ إِلَيْهِ فَإِنْ وَجَدَ ضَعْفاً فَلْيُفْطِرْ وَ إِنْ وَجَدَ قُوَّةً فَلْيَصُمْ كَانَ الْمَرِيضُ عَلَى مَا كَانَ.
He-asws said: ‘He is trusted upon it and it has been delegated to him. If he feels weak let him break and if he feels strong let him fast. The sick person would be upon what he would be’’.[217]
17- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: لَمْ يَكُنْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص يَصُومُ فِي السَّفَرِ تَطَوُّعاً وَ لَا فَرِيضَةً يَكْذِبُونَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ وَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص بِكُرَاعِ الْغَمِيمِ عِنْدَ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص بِإِنَاءٍ فَشَرِبَ وَ أَمَرَ النَّاسَ أَنْ يُفْطِرُوا
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww did not happen to fast during a journey, neither voluntarily nor obligatorily. They are lying upon Rasool-Allah-saww! This Verse was Revealed while Rasool-Allah-saww was at Kura’a Al-Gameem at Al-Fajr Salat. Rasool-Allah-saww called for a utensil. He-saww drank (water) and instructed the people to be breaking.
فَقَالَ قَوْمٌ قَدْ تَوَجَّهَ النَّهَارُ وَ لَوْ صُمْنَا يَوْمَنَا هَذَا
A group said, ‘The day has come and if we could have fasted this day of ours!’
فَسَمَّاهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْعُصَاةَ فَلَمْ يَزَالُوا يُسَمَّوْنَ بِذَلِكَ الِاسْمِ حَتَّى قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص.
Rasool-Allah-saww named them as ‘The disobedient ones’. They were not ceased to be named with that name until Rasool-Allah-saww passed away’’.[218]
18- شي، تفسير العياشي الزُّهْرِيُّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع قَالَ: صَوْمُ السَّفَرِ وَ الْمَرَضِ إِنَّ الْعَامَّةَ اخْتَلَفَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ قَوْمٌ يَصُومُ وَ قَالَ قَوْمٌ لَا يَصُومُ وَ قَالَ قَوْمٌ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – Al Zuhry,
‘From Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws having said: ‘(As for) fast of the journey and the sickness the general Muslims (non-Shias) are differing regarding that. A group says, ‘He should fast’, and a group says, ‘He should not fast’, and a group says, ‘If he likes he fasts, and if he likes he can break’.
وَ أَمَّا نَحْنُ فَنَقُولُ يُفْطِرُ فِي الْحَالَيْنِ جَمِيعاً فَإِنْ صَامَ فِي السَّفَرِ أَوْ حَالِ الْمَرَضِ فَعَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ فَمَنْ كانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضاً أَوْ عَلى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَ لا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ.
And as for us-asws, we-asws say he should break in both the two situations. If he fasts during the journey or a state of sickness, upon him is the making up (redoing) of that, because Allah-azwj Says: ‘and the one who was sick or upon a journey, then (he shall fast) a (like) number of other days; Allah Wants ease with you, and He does not Want the difficulty with you, [2:185]’’.[219]
19- سر، السرائر فِي كِتَابِ الْمَسَائِلِ عَنْ دَاوُدَ الصَّرْمِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ زِيَارَةِ الْحُسَيْنِ وَ زِيَارَةِ آبَائِهِ ع فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ نُسَافِرُ وَ نَزُورُهُ
(The book) ‘Al Saraair’, in ‘Kitab Al Masaail’ – From Dawood Al Sarmy who said,
‘I asked him-asws about visiting (grave of) Al-Husayn-asws and visiting his-asws forefathers-asws during a month of Ramazan, ‘Can we travel and visit him-asws?’
فَقَالَ لِرَمَضَانَ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ وَ عِظَمِ الْأَجْرِ مَا لَيْسَ لِغَيْرِهِ مِنَ الشُّهُورِ فَإِذَا دَخَلَ فَهُوَ الْمَأْثُورُ وَ الصِّيَامُ فِيهِ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ قَضَائِهِ وَ إِذَا حَضَرَ رَمَضَانُ فَهُوَ مَأْثُورٌ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَكُونَ مَأْثُوراً.
He-asws said: ‘For Ramazan is the merit and the mighty Recompense what isn’t for the other months. When it enters, it is the preferred and the fasting in it is better than making up (redoing it in other months), and when Ramazan presents, it is the preferred. It is befitting that it be preferred!’’[220]
20- كِتَابُ الصِّفِّينِ، لِنَصْرِ بْنِ مُزَاحِمٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ: خَرَجَ عَلِيٌّ ع وَ هُوَ يُرِيدُ صِفِّينَ حَتَّى إِذَا قَطَعَ النَّهْرَ أَمَرَ مُنَادِيَهُ فَنَادَى بِالصَّلَاةِ
(The book) ‘Kitab Al Siffeen’ of Nasr Bin Muhazim, from Amro Bin Khalid,
‘From Zayd son of Ali-asws (Bin Al-Husayn-asws), from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Ali-asws went out and he-asws intended Siffeen, until when he cut across the river, he-asws ordered his‑asws caller. He called for the Salat’.
قَالَ فَتَقَدَّمَ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَتَّى إِذَا قَضَى الصَّلَاةَ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْنَا فَقَالَ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَلَا مَنْ كَانَ مُشَيِّعاً أَوْ مُقِيماً فَلْيُتِمَّ فَإِنَّا قَوْمٌ عَلَى سَفَرٍ وَ مَنْ صَحِبَنَا فَلَا يَصُمِ الْمَفْرُوضَ وَ الصَّلَاةُ رَكْعَتَانِ.
He (the narrator) said, ‘He-asws proceeded and prayed two units Salat until when he-asws had fulfilled the Salat, he-asws turned towards us. He-asws said: ‘O you people! Indeed, the one who was walking or staying, let him (pray) complete, for we are a people upon a journey, and the one who accompanying us, he should not fast the obligatory and the Salat is of two units’’.[221]
21- مَجْمَعُ الْبَيَانِ، رَوَى الْعَيَّاشِيُّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا حَدُّ الْمَرَضِ الَّذِي يُفْطِرُ صَاحِبُهُ
Muhammad Al Bayaan – It is reported by Al Ayyashi, by his chain from Zurara who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘What is a limit of the sickness which its sufferer would break?’
قَالَ بَلِ الْإِنْسانُ عَلى نَفْسِهِ بَصِيرَةٌ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يُطِيقُ.
He-asws said: ‘But! The human being is a witness against himself [75:14]. He is more knowing of what he can endure’’.[222]
وَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِنَفْسِهِ ذَاكَ إِلَيْهِ.
And in another report: ‘He is more knowing with himself. That is up to him’’.[223]
22- كِتَابُ فَضَائِلِ الْأَشْهُرِ الثَّلَاثَةِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْعَلَاءِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: الصَّائِمُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فِي السَّفَرِ كَالْمُفْطِرِ فِيهِ فِي الْحَضَرِ.
(The book) ‘Fazaail Al Ash’har Al Salasa’ – from his father, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ali Bin Abdul Malik, from Is’haq Bin Ammar, from Yahya Bin Al A’ala,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The one fasting during the journey is like the one breaking in it during the staying’’.[224]
23- دَعَائِمُ الْإِسْلَامِ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع قَالَ: حَدُّ الْمَرَضِ الَّذِي يَجِبُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ فِيهِ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ كَمَا يَجِبُ فِي السَّفَرِ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ فَمَنْ كانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضاً أَوْ عَلى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ
(The book) ‘Da’aim Al Islam’ –
‘From Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws having said: ‘The limit of sickness which obligates upon its sufferer regarding it a number of other days, is just as what obligates during the journey, due to Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: So the one from you who was sick, or upon a journey, so (he should Fast) from other days; [2:184].
أَنْ يَكُونَ الْعَلِيلُ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَصُومَ أَوْ يَكُونَ إِنِ اسْتَطَاعَ الصَّوْمَ زَادَ فِي عِلَّتِهِ وَ خَافَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَ هُوَ مُؤْتَمَنٌ عَلَى ذَلِكَ مُفَوَّضٌ إِلَيْهِ فِيهِ فَإِنْ أَحَسَّ ضَعْفاً فَلْيُفْطِرْ وَ إِنْ وَجَدَ قُوَّةً عَلَى الصَّوْمِ فَلْيَصُمْ كَانَ الْمَرَضُ مَا كَانَ.
If the sick one is not capable of fasting or being capable of fasting (fearing) an increase in his illness and he fears upon himself, and he is trusted upon that. It has been delegated to him regarding it. If he feels weakness, let him break, and if he finds strength upon the fasting, let him fast. Whatever the sickness it may be’.[225]
فَإِنْ كَانَتْ عِلَّتُهُ عِلَّةً مُزْمِنَةً لَا يُرْجَى إِفَاقَةٌ أَوْ تَمَادَتْ بِهِ إِلَى أَنْ أُهِلَّ عَلَيْهِ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانٍ آخَرَ فَلْيُطْعِمْ عَنْ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مَضَى لَهُ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ- وَ هُوَ مَرِيضٌ مِسْكِيناً وَاحِداً نِصْفَ صَاعٍ مِنْ طَعَامٍ كَذَلِكَ رُوِّينَاهُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع.
If his illness was a chronic illness, recovery not hoped for or it persists with him up to the crescent of another Ramazan, let him feed for every day having passed for him from a month of Ramazan and he was sick, one poor person half a Sa’a (two Mudds) of food. Like that we‑asws are reporting from Ali-asws’’.[226]
وَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَرِيضَةَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ أَنْزَلَ وَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعامُ مِسْكِينٍ أَتَى إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ يَتَوَكَّأُ بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَذَا شَهْرٌ مَفْرُوضٌ وَ لَا أُطِيقُ الصِّيَامَ
And from Ali-asws having said: ‘When Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed obligation of the month of Ramazan, and Revealed: and upon those who can endure it (but with difficulty) is an expiation of feeding the poor (for missed Fasts); [2:184], an old man came to Rasool-Allah‑saww leaning between (upon) two men. He said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! This is an obligatory month and I cannot endure the fasts!’
قَالَ اذْهَبْ فَكُلْ وَ أَطْعِمْ عَنْ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ نِصْفَ صَاعٍ وَ إِنْ قَدَرْتَ أَنْ تَصُومَ الْيَوْمَ وَ الْيَوْمَيْنِ وَ مَا قَدَرْتَ فَصُمْ
He-saww said: ‘Go, eat and feed for every day, half a Sa’a (of food), and if you are able to fast a day, and the two days, and whatever you are able, then fast!’
وَ أَتَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص إِنِّي امْرَأَةٌ حُبْلَى وَ هَذَا شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ مَفْرُوضٌ وَ أَنَا أَخَافُ عَلَى مَا فِي بَطْنِي إِنْ صُمْتُ
And his wife came to him-saww. She said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! I am a pregnant woman and this is an Obligatory month of Ramazan, and I am fearing upon what is in my belly if I were to fast’.
فَقَالَ لَهَا انْطَلِقِي فَأَفْطِرِي وَ إِنْ أَطَقْتِ فَصُومِي
He-saww said to her: ‘Go and break, and if you can endure, then fast’.
وَ أَتَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ تُرْضِعُ فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص هَذَا شَهْرٌ مَفْرُوضٌ صِيَامُهُ وَ إِنْ صُمْتُ خِفْتُ أَنْ يَنْقَطِعَ لَبَنِي فَيَهْلِكَ وَلَدِي
And a breast-feeing woman came to him-saww. She said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! This is a month of Ramazan. It’s fasts are obligatory, and if I fast I fear that my milk might be cut off and my child may die!’
فَقَالَ انْطَلِقِي فَأَفْطِرِي فَإِذَا أَطَقْتِ فَصُومِي
He-saww said: ‘Go and break. When you can endure, then fast’.
وَ أَتَاهُ صَاحِبُ عَطَشٍ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَذَا شَهْرٌ مَفْرُوضٌ وَ لَا أَصْبِرُ عَنِ الْمَاءِ سَاعَةً إِلَّا تَخَوَّفْتُ الْهَلَاكَ
And a person of thirst came to him-saww. He said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! This is an obligatory month and I cannot be patient upon the water for an hour except I fear the destruction!’
قَالَ انْطَلِقْ فَأَفْطِرْ فَإِذَا أَطَقْتَ فَصُمْ.
He-saww said: ‘Go and break. When you can endure, then fast’’.[227]
وَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنْ مَرِضَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَلَمْ يَصِحَّ حَتَّى مَاتَ فَقَدْ حِيلَ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ الْقَضَاءِ وَ مَنْ مَرِضَ ثُمَّ صَحَّ فَلَمْ يَقْضِ حَتَّى مَاتَ فَيُسْتَحَبُّ لِوَلِيِّهِ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ عَنْهُ مَا مَرِضَ فِيهِ وَ لَا تَقْضِي امْرَأَةٌ عَنْ رَجُلٍ.
And from Ali-asws having said: ‘One who is sick during a month of Ramazan and he does not become healthy until he dies, it is a barrier between him and the making up (redoing), and one who is sick then becomes healthy, but he does not make up until he dies, it is recommended for his guardian to make up on his behalf what he had been sick in, and a woman cannot make up on behalf of a man’’.[228]
وَ عَنْهُ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَقْضِي شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ مَنْ كَانَ فِيهِ عَلِيلًا أَوْ مُسَافِراً عِدَّةَ مَا اعْتَلَّ وَ سَافَرَ فِيهِ إِنْ شَاءَ مُتَّصِلًا وَ إِنْ شَاءَ مُتَفَرِّقاً إِنَّمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ وَ إِذَا أَتَى بِالْعِدَّةِ فَقَدْ أَتَى بِمَا يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ.
And from him-asws having said: ‘He will make up for a month of Ramazan, the one who was sick in it or travelling, the number (of days) what he had been sick and travelled in. If he likes, consecutively and if he like separately. But rather, Allah-azwj Said: so (he should Fast) from other days; [2:184], and when he has come with the number, so he has come with what has been Obligated upon him’’.[229]
وَ عَنْهُ ع أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ أَنْ يُقْضَى شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فِي ذِي الْحِجَّةِ وَ قَالَ إِنَّهُ شَهْرُ نُسُكٍ.
And from him-asws, he-asws disliked making up a month of Ramazan in Zil Hijjah, and he-asws said; ‘It is a month of rituals’’.[230]
24- دَعَائِمُ الْإِسْلَامِ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص سَافَرَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَأَفْطَرَ وَ أَمَرَ مَنْ مَعَهُ أَنْ يُفْطِرُوا فَتَوَقَّفَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَنِ الْفِطْرِ فَسَمَّاهُمُ الْعُصَاةَ وَ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُ أَمَرَهُمْ ص فَلَمْ يَأْتَمِرُوا لِأَمْرِهِ
(The book) ‘Da’aim Al Islam’ –
‘From Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww travelled during a month of Ramazan, so he-saww broke and ordered the ones with him-saww to be breaking. Some of them paused from the breaking so he-saww named them as ‘The disobedient ones’, and that is because he-saww had ordered them and they did not implement his-saww order.
وَ فِي ذَلِكَ خِلَافٌ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ وَ إِنَّمَا أَمَرَهُمْ بِالْفِطْرِ وَ أَفْطَرَ لِيَعْلَمُوا وَجْهَ الْأَمْرِ فِي ذَلِكَ وَ أَنَّ صَوْمَهُمْ فِي السَّفَرِ غَيْرُ مُجْزٍ عَنْهُمْ عَلَى ظَاهِرِ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ
And in that is opposition to Allah-azwj and to His-azwj Rasool-saww, and rather he-saww had ordered them with the breaking, and he-saww broke for them to know the aspect of the matter regarding that, and their fasting during the journey is not allowed from them, based upon the apparent of the Book of Allah-azwj.
فَأَمَّا إِنْ صَامَ الْمُسَافِرُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ غَيْرَ مُعْتَدٍّ بِذَلِكَ الصَّوْمِ أَنَّهُ يُجْزِيهِ فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا قَضَاهُ فِي الْحَضَرِ وَ هُوَ كَمَنْ أَمْسَكَ عَنِ الطَّعَامِ وَ الشَّرَابِ وَ لَيْسَ بِصَائِمٍ فِي حَقِيقَةِ الْأَمْرِ.
As for if the traveller were to fast during a month of Ramazan, not counting with that fast that it would suffice him, there is nothing upon him, when he makes it up during the staying, and he is like the one withholding from the food and the drink, and he isn’t a fasting one in reality of the matter’’.[231]
وَ قَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: صَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فِي السَّفَرِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ أَفْطَرَ فِي السَّفَرِ فِيهِ وَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ ص مَنْ صَامَ فِي السَّفَرِ يَعْنِي فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَلْيُعِدْ صَوْماً آخَرَ فِي الْحَضَرِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ.
And we are reporting from Ali-asws, may the Salawaat of Allah-azwj be upon him-asws, he-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww fasted during a month of Ramazan and broke in the journey during it, and he-saww said: ‘One who fasts during the journey, meaning in a month of Ramazan, let him repeat another day during the staying. Allah-azwj Says: so (he should Fast) from other days; [2:184]’’.[232]
وَ رُوِّينَا عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ لِمَنْ أَهَلَّ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ هُوَ حَاضِرٌ أَنْ يُسَافِرَ فِيهِ إِلَّا لِمَا لَا بُدَّ مِنْهُ وَ لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ إِلَى بَيْتِهِ مَنْ كَانَ مُسَافِراً فِيهِ.
And we are reporting from Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, he-asws disliked for the one coming to a month of Ramazan while he is present (living at home), that he should travel in it except for what there is no escape from it, and there is no problem if he were to return to his house, one who was travelling in it’’.[233]
وَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَدْنَى السَّفَرِ الَّذِي يَقْصُرُ فِيهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَ يُفْطِرُ فِيهِ الصَّائِمُ بَرِيدَانِ وَ الْبَرِيدُ اثْنَا عَشَرَ مِيلًا وَ مَنْ خَرَجَ إِلَى مَسَافَةِ بَرِيدٍ وَاحِدٍ يُرِيدُ الذَّهَابَ وَ الرُّجُوعَ قَصَرَ وَ أَفْطَرَ.
And from Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws having said: ‘Least of the journey which one should shorten the Salat in and the fasting one breaks in is of two ‘Bareed(s)’, and the ‘Bareed’ is of twelve miles, and one who goes out travelling one ‘Bareed’, the going and the returning, he should shorten (Salat) and break (fast)’’.[234]
وَ عَنْهُ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنْ خَرَجَ مُسَافِراً فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ قَبْلَ الزَّوَالِ أَفْطَرَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ وَ إِنْ خَرَجَ بَعْدَ الزَّوَالِ أَتَمَّ صَوْمَهُ وَ لَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ
And from him-asws having said: ‘One who goes out travelling during a month of Ramazan before the midday, should break that day, and if he goes out after the midday, he should complete his fast and there is no making up upon him.
وَ إِنْ قَدِمَ مِنْ سَفَرِهِ فَوَصَلَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ قَبْلَ الزَّوَالِ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَفْطَرَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ وَ بَيَّتَ صِيَامَهُ وَ نَوَاهُ اعْتَدَّ بِهِ وَ لَمْ يَقْضِهِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَنْوِهِ أَوْ دَخَلَ بَعْدَ الزَّوَالِ قَضَاهُ.
And if he arrives from his journey, so he arrives to his family before the midday and he had not broken that day and has not broken his fast, and he had intended to count with it, and he should not make up for it, and if he had not intended it or entered after the midday, he should make up for it’’.[235]
وَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِذَا دَخَلَ الْمُسَافِرُ أَرْضاً يَنْوِي فِيهَا الْمُقَامَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ فَعَلَيْهِ صِيَامُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ.
And from Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws having said: ‘When the traveller enters a land during a month of Ramazan before the emergence of dawn, intending to stay in it, upon him is to fast that day’’.[236]
وَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: حَدُّ الْإِقَامَةِ فِي السَّفَرِ عَشَرَةُ أَيَّامٍ فَمَنْ نَزَلَ مَنْزِلًا فِي سَفَرِهِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ يَنْوِي فِيهِ مُقَامَ عَشَرَةِ أَيَّاٍم صَامَ وَ صَلَّى
And from Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, he-asws said: ‘Limit of the staying during the journey is of ten days. The one who descends a station during his journey in a month of Ramazan intending to stay in it for ten days, should fast and pray Salat (complete).
وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَنْوِ فِي ذَلِكَ وَ نَزَلَ وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ أَخْرُجُ الْيَوْمَ أَخْرُجُ غَدّاً لَمْ يَعْتَدَّ بِالصَّوْمِ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ شَهْرٍ وَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ مَا كَانَ مُقِيماً فِي ذَلِكَ صَامَهُ أَوْ أَفْطَرَهُ لِأَنَّهُ فِي حَالِ الْمُسَافِرِ وَ إِنَّمَا يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ إِذَا كَانَ مُجِدّاً فِي السَّفَرِ وَ كَانَ نُزُولُهُ فِي مَنْهَلٍ لا أَهْلَ لَهُ فِيهِ
And if he does not intend regarding that and he descends and he say, ‘I shall go out today’, ‘I shall go out tomorrow morning’, he should not count with the fast what is between him and the month, and upon him is to make up what he had stayed during that, whether he had fasted it or broken, before he as in the state of a traveller, and rather that would be when he was striving in the journey and his descent was in a place there being no family for him in it.
فَأَمَّا إِنْ نَزَلَ عَلَى أَهْلٍ لَهُ حَيْثُ كَانُوا فَهُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْمُقِيمِ يَصُومُ وَ لَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ مَا قَامَ فِيهِمْ حَتَّى يَرْتَحِلَ.
As for his descending to a family of his wherever they may be, it is at the status of the resident. He should fast and there is no making up upon him, for as long as he stays among them until he departs’’.[237]
باب 43 أحكام القضاء لنفسه و لغيره و حكم الحائض و المستحاضة و النفساء
CHAPTER 43 – RULINGS OF THE MAKING UP FOR HIMSELF AND FOR OTHERS, AND RULING OF THE (WOMAN) MENSTRUATING, AND THE ONE OF IRREGULAR BLEEDING, AND THE ONE OF POST-CHILDBIRTH BLEEDING
1- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام ع، علل الشرائع فِي عِلَلِ الْفَضْلِ عَنِ الرِّضَا ع قَالَ: فَإِنْ قَالَ فَلِمَ إِذَا حَاضَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ لَا تُصَلِّي وَ لَا تَصُومُ
(The book) ‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws, (and) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ in ‘Ilal’ of Al Fazl,
‘From Al-Reza-asws having said: ‘If he says, ‘Why, when the woman menstruates she neither prays nor fasts?’
قِيلَ لِأَنَّهَا فِي حَدِّ النَّجَاسَةِ فَأَحَبَّ أَنْ لَا تَعْبُدَ إِلَّا طَاهِراً وَ لِأَنَّهُ لَا صَوْمَ لِمَنْ لَا صَلَاةَ لَهُ
It will be said, ‘Because she is in a limit of uncleanness, so it is loved that she does not worship except when clean, and because there is no fast for the one there is no Salat for him’.
فَإِنْ قَالَ فَلِمَ صَارَتْ تَقْضِي الصِّيَامَ وَ لَا تَقْضِي الصَّلَاةَ
If he said, ‘Why has she become making up the (missed) Salat and not making up the (missed) Salat?’
قِيلَ لِعِلَلٍ شَتَّى فَمِنْهَا أَنَّ الصِّيَامَ لَا يَمْنَعُهَا مِنْ خِدْمَةِ نَفْسِهَا وَ خِدْمَةِ زَوْجِهَا وَ إِصْلَاحِ بَيْتِهَا وَ الْقِيَامِ بِأُمُورِهَا وَ الِاشْتِغَالِ بِمَرَمَّةِ مَعِيشَتِهَا وَ الصَّلَاةُ تَمْنَعُهَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ لِأَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ تَكُونُ فِي الْيَوْمِ وَ اللَّيْلَةِ مِرَاراً فَلَا تَقْوَى عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَ الصَّوْمُ لَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ
It is said, ‘For various reason. From these is that the fasts do not prevent her from serving herself and serving her husband, and correcting (looking after) her home, and the standing with its matters, and the pre-occupation with better her life, while the Salat prevents her from that, all of it, because the Salat happens during the day and the night repeatedly. She is not strong upon that, while the fast isn’t like that.
وَ مِنْهَا أَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ فِيهَا عَنَاءٌ وَ تَعَبٌ وَ اشْتِغَالُ الْأَرْكَانِ وَ لَيْسَ فِي الصَّوْمِ شَيْءٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ الْإِمْسَاكُ عَنِ الطَّعَامِ وَ الشَّرَابِ وَ لَيْسَ فِيهِ اشْتِغَالُ الْأَرْكَانِ
And from these is that the Salat, in it is the hardship, and the fatigue, and pre-occupation of the limbs, and in the fast there is nothing from that, and rather it is the withholding from the food and the drink and there isn’t in it pre-occupation of the limbs.
وَ مِنْهَا أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ وَقْتٍ يَجِيءُ إِلَّا تَجِبُ عَلَيْهَا فِيهِ صَلَاةٌ جَدِيدَةٌ فِي يَوْمِهَا وَ لَيْلَتِهَا وَ لَيْسَ الصَّوْمُ كَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ كُلَّمَا حَدَثَ يَوْمٌ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهَا الصَّوْمُ وَ كُلَّمَا حَدَثَ وَقْتُ الصَّلَاةِ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهَا الصَّلَاةُ
And from these, there isn’t from any time coming except a new Salat is Obligated upon her in it during her day and her night, while the fast isn’t like that, because it isn’t so that every time a day occurs the fasting would be obligated upon her, while every time the time of Salat occurs, the Salat is obligated upon her.
فَإِنْ قَالَ فَلِمَ إِذَا مَرِضَ الرَّجُلُ أَوْ سَافَرَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَلَمْ يَخْرُجْ مِنْ سَفَرِهِ أَوْ لَمْ يُفِقْ مِنْ مَرَضِهِ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ عَلَيْهِ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانٍ آخَرُ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ الْفِدَاءُ لِلْأَوَّلِ وَ سَقَطَ الْقَضَاءُ فَإِذَا أَفَاقَ بَيْنَهُمَا أَوْ أَقَامَ وَ لَمْ يَقْضِهِ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ وَ الْفِدَاءُ
If he says, why when the man gets sick or travels during a month of Ramazan, he does not exit from his journey or does not recover from his sickness until among month of Ramazan enters unto him, the expiation is obligated upon him for the former and the making up is dropped. When he recovers between the two, or recovers and does not make up, the making up is obligated upon him and so is the expiation?’
قِيلَ لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ الصَّوْمَ إِنَّمَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ فِي تِلْكَ السَّنَةِ فِي ذَلِكَ الشَّهْرِ فَأَمَّا الَّذِي لَمْ يُفِقْ فَإِنَّهُ لَمَّا أَنْ مَرَّ عَلَيْهِ السَّنَةُ كُلُّهَا وَ قَدْ غَلَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ السَّبِيلَ إِلَى أَدَائِهِ سَقَطَ عَنْهُ وَ كَذَلِكَ كُلَّمَا غَلَبَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِ مِثْلَ الْمُغْمَى عَلَيْهِ الَّذِي يُغْمَى عَلَيْهِ يَوْماً وَ لَيْلَةً فَلَا يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءُ الصَّلَاةِ
It will be said, ‘Because that fast is rather obligated upon him in that year in that month. As for the one who does not recover, so when the year passes upon him, the whole of it, and Allah-azwj had Overcome upon him and did not Make a way for him to fulfil it, it is dropped from him, and like that every time Allah-azwj the Exalted had Overcome upon him, like the unconsciousness upon him, the one who has unconsciousness upon him day and night, it is not obligated upon him to make up the Salat.
كَمَا قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع كُلَّمَا غَلَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْعَبْدِ فَهُوَ أَعْذَرُ لَهُ لِأَنَّهُ دَخَلَ الشَّهْرَ وَ هُوَ مَرِيضٌ فَلَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَيْهِ الصَّوْمُ فِي شَهْرِهِ وَ لَا سَنَتِهِ لِلْمَرَضِ الَّذِي كَانَ فِيهِ وَ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ الْفِدَاءُ لِأَنَّهُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ مَنْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ صَوْمٌ فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ أَدَاءَهُ
(This is) like what Al-Sadiq-asws had said. Every time Allah-azwj Overcomes upon the servant, there is an excuse for him because the month had entered while he was sick, so the fast is not obligated upon him, neither during his month nor his year for the sickness which he was in, and the expiation is obligated upon him because he is at the status of the one a fast is obligated upon, but he was not capable of fulfilling it.
وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ الْفِدَاءُ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ فَصِيامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتابِعَيْنِ … فَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَإِطْعامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً وَ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ فَأَقَامَ الصَّدَقَةَ مُقَامَ الصِّيَامِ إِذَا عَسُرَ عَلَيْهِ
The expiation is obligated upon him just as Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: then Fast two months consecutively . . . And one who is not capable, so he should feed sixty needy ones. [58:4]; and just as Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: so an expiation from Fasting of either charity or an offering [2:196]. He-azwj Established the charity in place of the fasts when it is difficult upon him’.
فَإِنْ قَالَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ إِذْ ذَاكَ فَهُوَ الْآنَ يَسْتَطِيعُ
If he says, ‘Supposing he is not capable when it was that, but he is capable now?’
قِيلَ لِأَنَّهُ لَمَّا أَنْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانٍ آخَرُ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ الْفِدَاءُ لِلْمَاضِي لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ مَنْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ صَوْمٌ فِي كَفَّارَةٍ فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِعْهُ فَوَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ الْفِدَاءُ وَ إِذَا وَجَبَ الْفِدَاءُ سَقَطَ الصَّوْمُ وَ الصَّوْمُ سَاقِطٌ وَ الْفِدَاءُ لَازِمٌ
It will be said, ‘Because when another month of Ramazan enters upon him, the expiation for the previous (Ramazan) is obligated, because he would be at the status of the one fasting is obligated upon him in expiation but he is not capable, so the ransom is obligated upon him, and when the ransom is obligated, the fast drops, and the fast dropping and the ransom are necessary.
فَإِنْ أَفَاقَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمَا وَ لَمْ يَصُمْهُ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ الْفِدَاءُ لِتَضْيِيعِهِ وَ الصَّوْمُ لِاسْتِطَاعَتِهِ.
If he recovers in what is between the two and did not fast it, the ransom is obligated upon him due to his having wasted it, and the fast is based upon his capability’’.[238]
2- ب، قرب الإسناد عَلِيٌّ عَنْ أَخِيهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَمَّنْ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمَانِ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ كَيْفَ يَقْضِيهِمَا
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Isnaad’ –
‘Ali, from his brother (Musa Al-Kazim-asws), he said, ‘I asked him-asws about the one upon him are two days (missed out) from a month of Ramazan. How would he make up for these?’
قَالَ يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَهُمَا بِيَوْمٍ فَإِنْ كَانَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَلْيَقْضِهَا مُتَوَالِيَةً-
He-asws said: ‘He should distance between the two with a day. If it was more than that, let him fast it consecutively’.
وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَتَابَعَ عَلَيْهِ رَمَضَانَانِ لَمْ يَصِحَّ فِيهِمَا ثُمَّ صَحَّ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ
And I asked him-asws about a man two months of Ramazan are upon him (missed out), he was not healthy in these. Then he became healthy after that. ‘How would he deal with it?’
قَالَ يَصُومُ الْأَخِيرَ وَ يَتَصَدَّقُ عَنِ الْأَوَّلِ بِصَدَقَةٍ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مُدٍّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ
He-asws said: ‘He should fast (for) the latter one and give in charity for the former one with a charity of a ‘Mudd’ of food for every day for each poor one’.
وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَرِضَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ مَرِيضاً حَتَّى أَدْرَكَهُ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانٍ آخَرَ فَيَبْرَأُ فِيهِ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ
And I asked him-asws about a man who falls sick during a month of Ramazan. He does not cease to be sick until he comes across another month of Ramazan, then he recovers in it. ‘How would he deal with it?’
قَالَ يَصُومُ الَّذِي بَرَأَ فِيهِ وَ يَتَصَدَّقُ عَنِ الْأَوَّلِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مُدّاً مِنْ طَعَامٍ.
He-asws said: ‘He should that which he had recovered in and give in charity for the former, a ‘Mudd’ of food for each day’’.[239]
3- ل، الخصال فِي خَبَرِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع قَالَ: الْحَائِضُ تَتْرُكُ الصَّلَاةَ وَ لَا تَقْضِي وَ تَتْرُكُ الصَّوْمَ وَ تَقْضِي.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – In a report by Al Amsh,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws having said: ‘The menstruating woman will leave the Salat and not make up, and she would leave the fasting but has to make up (for it later)’’.[240]
4- ع، علل الشرائع ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ مَرِضَتْ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ مَاتَتْ فِي شَوَّالٍ فَأَوْصَتْنِي أَنْ أَقْضِيَ عَنْهَا
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – Ibn Idrees, from his father, from Ibn Isa, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Abu Baseer,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘I asked him-asws about a woman becoming sick during a month of Ramazan and she dies in Shawwal, so she bequeaths to me to make up on her behalf.
قَالَ هَلْ بَرَأَتْ مِنْ مَرَضِهَا
He-asws said: ‘Did she recover from her illness?’
قُلْتُ لَا مَاتَتْ فِيهِ
I said, ‘No, she died in it’.
قَالَ فَلَا تَقْضِ عَنْهَا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَمْ يَجْعَلْهُ عَلَيْهَا
He-asws said: ‘Do not make up on her behalf, for Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic did not Make it to be upon her’.
قُلْتُ فَإِنِّي أَشْتَهِي أَنْ أَقْضِيَهُ
I said, ‘Supposing I desire to make up for these?’
قَالَ فَإِنِ اشْتَهَيْتَ أَنْ تَصُومَ لِنَفْسِكَ فَصُمْ.
He-asws said: ‘If you desire to fast for yourself, then fast’’.[241]
5- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام إِذَا طَهُرَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنْ حَيْضِهَا وَ قَدْ بَقِيَ عَلَيْهَا بَقِيَّةُ يَوْمٍ صَامَتْ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ تَأْدِيباً وَ عَلَيْهَا قَضَاءُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ وَ إِنْ حَاضَتْ وَ قَدْ بَقِيَ عَلَيْهَا بَقِيَّةُ يَوْمٍ أَفْطَرَتْ وَ عَلَيْهَا الْقَضَاءُ
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws: ‘When the woman has purified from her menstruation and there remains upon her remainder of a day, she should fast that day to fulfil, and upon her would be making up of that day (later), and if she menstruates and remainder of a day remains upon her, she should break, and upon her is the making up.
وَ إِذَا مَرِضَ الرَّجُلُ وَ فَاتَهُ صَوْمُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ كُلِّهِ وَ لَمْ يَصُمْهُ إِلَى أَنْ يَدْخُلَ عَلَيْهِ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ مِنْ قَابِلٍ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَصُومَ هَذَا الَّذِي قَدْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ وَ يَتَصَدَّقَ عَنِ الْأَوَّلِ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِمُدِّ طَعَامٍ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ صَحَّ فِيمَا بَيْنَ شَهْرَيْنِ رَمَضَانَيْنِ
And when the man falls sick and he misses fasts of a month of Ramazan, the whole of it, and does not fasts it unto a month of Ramazan enters upon him the following years, upon him is to fast this, which had entered upon him, and he should give in charity for the former, a ‘Mudd’ of food for each day, and it isn’t upon him to make up, except if he happened to be healthy in what is between the two months of two Ramazan.
فَإِذَا كَانَ كَذَلِكَ وَ لَمْ يَصُمْ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ عَنِ الْأَوَّلِ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مُدّاً مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَ يَصُومَ الثَّانِيَ فَإِذَا صَامَ الثَّانِيَ قَضَى الْأَوَّلَ بَعْدَهُ
When it would be like that and he does not fast, upon him is to give charity for the former one, a ‘Mudd’ of food for each day, and he should fast for the second. When he has fasted the second, he can fulfil the former after it.
فَإِنْ فَاتَهُ شَهْرَانِ رَمَضَانَانِ حَتَّى دَخَلَ الشَّهْرُ الثَّالِثُ وَ هُوَ مَرِيضٌ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَصُومَ الَّذِي دَخَلَهُ وَ يَتَصَدَّقَ عَنِ الْأَوَّلِ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِمُدٍّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَ يَقْضِيَ الثَّانِيَ
If two months of two Ramazan(s) are missed until the third month enters and he is stick, upon him is to fast that which has entered and give charity for the first with a ‘Mudd’ of food for each day, and he should make up the second.
فَإِنْ أَرَدْتَ سَفَراً وَ أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تُقَدِّمَ مِنْ صَوْمِ السَّنَةِ شَيْئاً فَصُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ لِلشَّهْرِ الَّذِي تُرِيدُ الْخُرُوجَ فِيهِ وَ إِنْ أَرَدْتَ قَضَاءَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَأَنْتَ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شِئْتَ قَضَيْتَهَا مُتَتَابِعاً وَ إِنْ شِئْتَ مُتَفَرِّقاً
If you intend a journey and want to advance something from fast of the year, then fast three days of the month which you want to go out in, and if you intend make up a month of Ramazan then you are with the choice. If you like you can make up consecutively and if you like you can separate these.
وَ قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ يَصُومُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ يُفْطِرُ وَ إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ وَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ صَوْمِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَعَلَى وَلِيِّهِ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ عَنْهُ وَ كَذَلِكَ إِذَا فَاتَهُ فِي السَّفَرِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مَاتَ فِي مَرَضِهِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَصِحَّ فَلَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ
And it has been reported from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘He should fast three days, then he should break; and when the man dies and upon him are from fasts of a month of Ramazan (to make up), it is upon his guardian to make up on his behalf, and like what when he misses it during the journey, except if he happens to have died during his illness from before he becomes healthy, so there is no making up upon him.
وَ إِذَا كَانَ لِلْمَيِّتِ وَلِيَّانِ فَعَلَى أَكْبَرِهِمَا مِنَ الرِّجَالِ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ عَنْهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلِيٌّ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ قَضَى عَنْهُ وَلِيُّهُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ.
And if there happen to be two guardians for the deceased, upon their elder from the men is to make up on his behalf. If there does not happen to be any guardian for him from other than me, his guardian from the women should make up on his behalf’’.[242]
6- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام إِذَا قَضَيْتَ صَوْمَ شَهْرٍ أَوِ النَّذْرِ كُنْتَ بِالْخِيَارِ فِي الْإِفْطَارِ إِلَى زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ فَإِنْ أَفْطَرْتَ بَعْدَ الزَّوَالِ فَعَلَيْكَ كَفَّارَةٌ مِثْلُ مَنْ أَفْطَرَ يَوْماً مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, the greeting be upon him-asws – ‘When you are making up a fast of a month (of Ramazan) or a vow, you would be with the choice regarding the breaking up to decline of the sun (midday). If you break after the midday upon you is an expiation like the one who breaks a day from a month of Ramazan.
وَ قَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا أَفْطَرَ بَعْدَ الزَّوَالِ إِطْعَامَ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ مُدٌّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَيْهِ صَامَ يَوْماً بَدَلَ يَوْمٍ وَ صَامَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ كَفَّارَةً لِمَا فَعَلَ.
And it has been reported that when he breaks after the midday, upon him it for feed ten poor ones, a ‘Mudd’ of food for each poor one. If he is not able upon it, he should fast a day in place of a day, and he should fast three days as an expiation of what he had done’’.[243]
7- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَرِضَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ إِلَى رَمَضَانٍ قَابِلٍ وَ لَمْ يَصِحَّ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ لَمْ يُطِقِ الصَّوْمَ
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Abu Baseer who said,
‘I asked him about a man who is sick from a Ramazan to a Ramazan the following year and he was not healthy between the two and he could not endure the fasting.
قَالَ تَصَدَّقَ مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ أَفْطَرَ عَلَى مِسْكِينٍ مُدّاً مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ حِنْطَةٌ فَمُدٌّ مِنْ تَمْرٍ وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ فِدْيَةٌ طَعامُ مِسْكِينٍ
He-asws said: ‘In place of each day he had broken he should give in charity to a poor one, a ‘Mudd’ of food, and if it cannot be wheat, then a ‘Mudd’ of dates, and it is the Word of Allah‑azwj: an expiation of feeding the poor (for missed Fasts); [2:184].
فَإِنِ اسْتَطَاعَ أَنْ يَصُومَ الرَّمَضَانَ الَّذِي يَسْتَقْبِلُ وَ إِلَّا فَلْيَتَرَبَّصْ إِلَى رَمَضَانٍ قَابِلٍ فَيَقْضِيهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَصِحَّ حَتَّى جَاءَ رَمَضَانٌ قَابِلٌ فَلْيَتَصَدَّقْ كَمَا تَصَدَّقَ مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ أَفْطَرَ مُدّاً مُدّاً وَ إِنْ صَحَّ فِيمَا بَيْنَ الرَّمَضَانَيْنِ فَتَوَانَى أَنْ يَقْضِيَهُ حَتَّى جَاءَ الرَّمَضَانُ الْآخَرُ فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهِ الصَّوْمَ وَ الصَّدَقَةَ جَمِيعاً يَقْضِي الصَّوْمَ وَ يَتَصَدَّقُ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُ ضَيَّعَ ذَلِكَ الصِّيَامَ.
If he is capable of fasting the Ramazan which is coming, or else let him wait up to the following Ramazan and make up. If he is not healthy until the following Ramazan comes up, let him give charity like what is give in place of breaking each day a ‘Mudd’, a ‘Mudd’ (of food), and if he is healthy in what is between the two Ramazan(s), but he hesitates to make up until the other Ramazan comes, upon him is the fasting and the charity, altogether. He should make up the fast and give charity for the reason that he had wasted those fasts’’.[244]
8- ين، كتاب حسين بن سعيد و النوادر الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ كَانَ كَبِيراً لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ الصِّيَامَ أَوْ مَرِضَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ إِلَى رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ صَحَّ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْهِ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ أَفْطَرَ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامٌ وَ هُوَ مُدٌّ لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ.
The book of Husayn Bin Saeed, and ‘Al Nawadir’ – Al Qasim Bin Muhammad, from, from Abu Baseer who said,
‘Whichever man was old, not capable of the fasting or sick from a Ramazan to a Ramazan, then he becomes healthy, so rather upon him, for each day he broke, is ransom of food, and it is a ‘Mudd’ for each poor one’’.[245]
9- نَوَادِرُ الرَّاوَنْدِيِّ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع يَجُوزُ قَضَاءُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مُتَفَرِّقاً وَ رَوَاهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص.
(The book) ‘Nawadir’ of Al Rawandy – By his chain,
‘From Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Ali-asws said: ‘It is allowed to make up for a month of Ramazan (fasting) separately’, and it is reported from Rasool-Allah-saww’’.[246]
10- دَعَائِمُ الْإِسْلَامِ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا يُقْبَلُ مِمَّنْ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ صِيَامُ الْفَرِيضَةِ صِيَامُ النَّافِلَةِ حَتَّى يَقْضِيَ الْفَرِيضَةَ
(The book) ‘Da’aim Al Islam’ –
‘From Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, may the Salawaat of Allah-azwj be upon him-asws, he-asws said: ‘The optional fasts are not Accepted from the one who has obligatory fasts (outstanding) upon him until he has made up the obligatory ones’.
وَ سُئِلَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ طَائِفَةٌ أَ يَتَطَوَّعُ بِالصَّوْمِ
And Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws was asked about a man, upon him are some (outstanding fasts) from a month of Ramazan, ‘Can he fast voluntarily?’
قَالَ لَا حَتَّى يَقْضِيَ مَا عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ يَصُومُ إِنْ شَاءَ مَا بَدَا لَهُ تَطَوُّعاً.
He-asws said: ‘No, until he has made up whatever is (outstanding) upon him, then he can fast if he so desires to, whatever comes to him, voluntarily’’.[247]
باب 44 المسافر يقدم و الحائض تطهر
CHAPTER 44 – THE TRAVELLER ARRIVING AND THE MENSTRUATING WOMAN PURIFYING
1- نَوَادِرُ الرَّاوَنْدِيِّ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع إِذَا قَدِمَ مُسَافِرٌ مُفْطِراً بَلَدَهُ نَهَاراً يَكُفُّ عَنِ الطَّعَامِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ وَ كَذَلِكَ قَالَ فِي الْحَائِضِ إِذَا طَهُرَتْ نَهَاراً.
(The book) ‘Nawadir’ of Al Rawandy – By his chain,
‘From Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Ali-asws said: ‘When a non-fasting traveller arrives at his city at daytime, his refraining from the food is more beloved to me’, and like that he-asws said regarding the menstruating woman when she purifies at daytime’’.[248]
باب 45 أحكام صوم الكفارات و النذر
CHAPTER 45 – RULINGS OF FAST OF THE EXPIATIONS AND THE VOWS
1- ب، قرب الإسناد عَلِيٌّ عَنْ أَخِيهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ صَامَ مِنَ الظِّهَارِ ثُمَّ أَفْطَرَ وَ قَدْ بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمَانِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةٌ مِنْ صَوْمِهِ
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Isnaad’ –
‘Ali, from his brother (Musa Al-Kazim-asws), he said, ‘I asked him-asws about a man who fasts from having done ‘Zihaar’ (disavowed from the wife), then he breaks, and two days remain upon him or three, from his fasts.
قَالَ إِذَا صَامَ شَهْراً ثُمَّ دَخَلَ فِي الثَّانِي أَجْزَأَهُ الصَّوْمُ فَلْيُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ وَ لَا عِتْقَ عَلَيْهِ
He-asws said: ‘When he has fasted a month then he enters into the second, the fasting would suffice him, so let him complete his fast and there is no liberation (of a slave) upon him’.
وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ مَمْلُوكاً مَا عَلَيْهِ
And I asked him-asws about a man who kills a slave, ‘What is upon him?’
قَالَ يُعْتِقُ رَقَبَةً وَ يَصُومُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ وَ يُطْعِمُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً
He-asws said: ‘He should free a neck (slave) and he should fast two months consecutively and feed sixty poor ones’.
وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ أَنْ يَصُومَ بِالْكُوفَةِ أَوْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَوْ بِمَكَّةَ شَهْراً فَصَامَ أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْماً بِمَكَّةَ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ فَيَصُومَ مَا عَلَيْهِ بِالْكُوفَةِ
And I asked him-asws about a man who makes upon himself that he would fast at Al-Kufa or at Al-Medina or at Makkah for a month. He fasts fourteen days at Makkah. Is it for him to return to his family and fast whatever is upon him at Al-Kufa?’
قَالَ نَعَمْ.
He said: ‘Yes’’.[249]
2- ب، قرب الإسناد الْيَقْطِينِيُّ عَنْ سَعْدَانَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ ع أَنِّي جَعَلْتُ عَلَيَّ صِيَامَ شَهْرٍ بِمَكَّةَ وَ شَهْرٍ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَ شَهْرٍ بِالْكُوفَةِ فَصُمْتُ ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْماً بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَ بَقِيَ عَلَيَّ شَهْرٌ بِمَكَّةَ وَ شَهْرٌ بِالْكُوفَةِ وَ تَمَامُ شَهْرٍ بِالْمَدِينَةِ
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Isnaad’ – Al Yaqteeny, from Sa’dan Bin Muslim who said,
‘I wrote to Abu Al-Hassan Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws, ‘I made it upon me to fast a month at Makkah, and a month at Al-Medina, and a month at Al-Kufa. I fasted eighteen days at Al-Medina, and there still remains upon me a month at Makkah and a month at Al-Kufa, and to complete a month at Al-Medina’.
فَكَتَبَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ شَيْءٌ صُمْ فِي بِلَادِكَ حَتَّى تُتِمَّهُ.
He-asws wrote: ‘There isn’t anything upon you! Fast in your city until you complete it’’.[250]
3- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام ع، علل الشرائع فِي عِلَلِ الْفَضْلِ عَنِ الرِّضَا ع فَإِنْ قَالَ فَلِمَ وَجَبَ فِي الْكَفَّارَةِ عَلَى مَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ تَحْرِيرَ رَقَبَةٍ الصِّيَامُ دُونَ الْحَجِّ وَ الصَّلَاةِ وَ غَيْرِهِمَا
(The books) ‘Uyoun Akhbaar Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws, (and) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ in ‘Ilal’ Al Fazl,
‘From Al-Reza-asws: ‘If he says, ‘Why is it obligated regarding the expiation, upon the one who cannot find freeing of a neck, the fasting rather than the Hajj and the Salat, and other such?’
قِيلَ لِأَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ وَ الْحَجَّ وَ سَائِرَ الْفَرَائِضِ مَانِعَةٌ لِلْإِنْسَانِ مِنَ التَّقَلُّبِ فِي أَمْرِ دُنْيَاهُ وَ مَصْلَحَةِ مَعِيشَتِهِ مَعَ تِلْكَ الْعِلَلِ الَّتِي ذَكَرْنَاهَا فِي الْحَائِضِ الَّتِي تَقْضِي الصِّيَامَ وَ لَا تَقْضِي الصَّلَاةَ
It will be said, ‘Because the Salat and the Hajj and rest of the obligations are preventative for the human being from turning regarding matters of his world and bettering his livelihood, along with that reason which we-asws have mentioned regarding the menstruating woman who has to make up the fasts and not make up the Salat’.
فَإِنْ قَالَ فَلِمَ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ صَوْمُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ دُونَ أَنْ يَجِبَ عَلَيْهِ شَهْرٌ وَاحِدٌ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ
If he said, ‘Why is it obligated upon him to fast two months consecutively rather than it be obligated upon him one month, or three months?’
قِيلَ لِأَنَّ الْفَرْضَ الَّذِي فَرَضَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى الْخَلْقِ هُوَ شَهْرٌ وَاحِدٌ فَضُوعِفَ هَذَا الشَّهْرُ فِي الْكَفَّارَةِ تَوْكِيداً وَ تَغْلِيظاً عَلَيْهِ
It will be said, ‘Because the obligation which Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Imposed upon the creatures, it is one month. He-azwj Doubled this month regarding the expiation as an emphasis and being stringent upon him’.
فَإِنْ قَالَ فَلِمَ جُعِلَتْ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ
If he said, ‘Why has it been made consecutive?’
قِيلَ لِئَلَّا يَهُونَ عَلَيْهِ الْأَدَاءُ فَيَسْتَخِفَّ بِهِ لِأَنَّهُ إِذَا قَضَاهُ مُتَفَرِّقاً هَانَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ.
It will be said, ‘Lest its fulfilment is easy upon him so he would take lightly with it, because when he fasts separately, the making up would be easier upon him’’.[251]
4- ع، علل الشرائع أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ع أَنَّ عَلِيّاً ع قَالَ: رَجُلٌ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَصُومَ زَمَاناً قَالَ الزَّمَانُ خَمْسَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَ الْحِينُ سِتَّةُ أَشْهُرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ تُؤْتِي أُكُلَها كُلَّ حِينٍ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّها.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – My father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Hashim, from Al Nowfaly,
‘From Ja’far Bin Muhammad-asws, from his-asws father-asws: ‘Ali-asws said when a man vowed to fast for a time. He-asws said: ‘The ‘time’ is of five months, and the season is six months. Allah‑azwj Mighty and majestic Says: Yielding its fruit in every season by the permission of its Lord [14:25]’’.[252]
5- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام مَتَى وَجَبَ عَلَى الْإِنْسَانِ صَوْمُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ فَصَامَ شَهْراً وَ صَامَ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ الثَّانِي أَيَّاماً ثُمَّ أَفْطَرَ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَبْنِيَ عَلَيْهِ فَلَا بَأْسَ وَ إِنْ صَامَ شَهْراً أَوْ أَقَلَّ مِنْهُ وَ لَمْ يَصُمْ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ الثَّانِي شَيْئاً عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُعِيدَ صَوْمَهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ أَفْطَرَ لِمَرَضٍ فَلَهُ أَنْ يَبْنِيَ عَلَى مَا صَامَ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ حَبَسَهُ
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – ‘When it is obligated upon the human being (person) fasting of two months consecutively, so he fasts a month and fasts some days from the second month, then he breaks, upon him is to build upon it, there is no problem. If he has fasted a month or less than it and did not fast anything from the second month, upon him is to repeat his fasts, except if he happened to have broken due to an illness, for him is to build upon whatever he had fasted, because Allah-azwj had Withheld him.
وَ إِذَا قَضَيْتَ صَوْمَ شَهْرٍ أَوِ النَّذْرِ كُنْتَ بِالْخِيَارِ فِي الْإِفْطَارِ إِلَى زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ فَإِنْ أَفْطَرْتَ بَعْدَ الزَّوَالِ فَعَلَيْكَ كَفَّارَةٌ مِثْلُ مَنْ أَفْطَرَ يَوْماً مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ
And when you have made up fasts of a month or the vow, you would be with the choice regarding the breaking up to decline of the sun (midday). If you break after the midday, upon you is an expiation similar to the one who breaks a day from a month of Ramazan.
وَ قَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا أَفْطَرَ بَعْدَ الزَّوَالِ إِطْعَامَ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ مُدٌّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَيْهِ صَامَ يَوْماً بَدَلَ يَوْمٍ وَ صَامَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ كَفَّارَةً لِمَا فَعَلَ.
And it has been reported that when he breaks after the midday, upon him is to feed ten poor ones, for each poor one a ‘Mudd’ of food. If he is not able upon it, he should fast a day in replacement of a day, and he should fast three days as expiation of what he had done’’.[253]
6- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَمَّنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: كُلُّ شَيْءٍ فِي الْقُرْآنِ أَوْ فَصَاحِبُهُ بِالْخِيَارِ يَخْتَارُ مَا شَاءَ وَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ فِي الْقُرْآنِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَعَلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ.
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – From Hareez, from the one who reported it,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘All things in the Quran, its performer is with the choice. He can choose whatever he desires, and all things are in the Quran. If he cannot find, upon him is that’’.[254] (needs to be taken in context)
7- ين، كتاب حسين بن سعيد و النوادر عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَلَيْهِ صَوْمُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ فَيَصُومُ ثُمَّ يَمْرَضُ هَلْ يَعْتَدُّ بِهِ
The book of Husayn Bin Saeed, and ‘Al Nawadir’, from Rifa’at who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about a man upon whom are (outstanding) fasts of two months consecutive, so he fasts. Then he falls sick. Can he count with it?’
قَالَ نَعَمْ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ حَبَسَهُ
He-asws said: ‘Yes, the Command of Allah-azwj had Withheld him’.
قُلْتُ امْرَأَةٌ نَذَرَتْ صَوْمَ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ
I said, ‘A woman had vowed to fast two months consecutively’.
قَالَ تَصُومُهُ وَ تَسْتَأْنِفُ أَيَّامَهَا الَّتِي قَعَدَتْ حَتَّى تَسْتَتِمَّ الشَّهْرَيْنِ
He-asws said: ‘She should fast it and resume her days which she had sat back until the two months are completed’.
قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ هِيَ يَئِسَتْ مِنَ الْمَحِيضِ هَلْ تَقْضِيهِ
I said, ‘What is your-asws view if she had despaired from the menstruating, should she make up?’
قَالَ لَا يُجْزِيهَا الْأَوَّلُ.
He-asws said: ‘No! The first would suffice her’’.[255]
8- ين، كتاب حسين بن سعيد و النوادر مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ جَعَلَتْ عَلَيْهَا صَوْمَ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ فَتَحِيضُ قَالَ تَصُومُ مَا حَاضَتْ فَهُوَ يُجْزِيهَا.
The book of Husayn Bin Saeed, and ‘Al Nawadir’ – Muhammad Bin Muslim who said,
‘I asked Abu Ja’far-asws about a woman who made it upon her to fast two months consecutively, and she menstruated. He-asws said: ‘She should fast (later on) what she had menstruated. It would suffice her’’.[256]
9- نَوَادِرُ الرَّاوَنْدِيِّ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع مَنْ نَذَرَ الصَّوْمَ زَمَاناً فَالزَّمَانُ خَمْسَةُ أَشْهُرٍ.
(The book) ‘Nawadir’ of Al Rawandy – By his chain,
‘From Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Ali-asws said: ‘One who vows to fast for a time, so the ‘time’ is of five months’’.[257]
وَ سُئِلَ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ حَلَفَ فَقَالَ امْرَأَتُهُ طَالِقٌ ثَلَاثاً إِنْ لَمْ يَطَأْهَا فِي صَوْمِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ نَهَاراً فَقَالَ يُسَافِرُ بِهَا ثُمَّ يُجَامِعُهَا نَهَاراً.
And he-asws was asked about a man who swore an oath and he says his wife is divorced thrice if he does not sleep with her during a fast of a month of Ramazan, at daytime. He-asws said: ‘He should travel with her, the sleep with her at daytime’’.[258]
أبواب صوم شهر رمضان و ما يتعلق بذلك و يناسبه
CHAPTERS ON FASTS OF A MONTH OF RAMAZAN AND WHAT IS RELATED WITH THAT AND APPROPRIATE TO IT
أقول: قد مضى كثير من أخبار هذه الأبواب في كتاب الدعاء فلا تغفل و سيجيء في أبواب عمل السنة أيضا أكثر الروايات المناسبة لهذه الأبواب فانتظره.
I (Majlisi) am saying, ‘A lot of Ahadeeth of these chapters have passed in ‘Kitab Al-Dua’ so do not be heedless, and there will come in chapters on ‘Deeds of the year’ as well, more reports appropriate to these chapter, so look at it’.
باب 46 وجوب صوم شهر رمضان و فضله
CHAPTER 46 – OBLIGATION OF FASTS OF A MONTH OF RAMAZAN AND ITS MERIT
الآيات البقرة يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيامُ كَما كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ
The Verses – (Surah) Al Baqarah: O you those who are believing! Fasting is Prescribed upon you just as it was Prescribed upon those ones from before you, perhaps you may be fearing [2:183]
أَيَّاماً مَعْدُوداتٍ فَمَنْ كانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضاً أَوْ عَلى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ وَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعامُ مِسْكِينٍ فَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ خَيْراً فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَهُ وَ أَنْ تَصُومُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ
A fixed number of days; So the one from you who was sick, or upon a journey, so (he should Fast) from other days; and upon those who can endure it (but with difficulty) is an expiation of feeding the poor (for missed Fasts); and the one does good voluntarily, it is better for him; and if you are Fasting, it would be better for you, if you were knowing [2:184]
شَهْرُ رَمَضانَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ هُدىً لِلنَّاسِ وَ بَيِّناتٍ مِنَ الْهُدى وَ الْفُرْقانِ فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَ مَنْ كانَ مَرِيضاً أَوْ عَلى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَ لا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ وَ لِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَ لِتُكَبِّرُوا اللَّهَ عَلى ما هَداكُمْ وَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ.
he Month of Ramazan is that in which the Quran was Revealed, a Guidance for the people, and clear evidence from the Guidance and the Furqan; therefore whoever of you is present in the Month, so let him Fast during it, and the one who was sick or upon a journey, then (he shall fast) a (like) number of other days; Allah Wants ease with you, and He does not Want the difficulty with you, in order for you to complete the number, for you to exclaim the Greatness of Allah upon what He has Guided you, and perhaps you would be thanking [2:185].
1- جا، المجالس للمفيد الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ التَّمَّارُ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حُلَيْسٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ السَّيْرَافِيِّ عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ مُزَاحِمٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ص يَقُولُ إِنَّ الْجَنَّةَ لَتُنَجَّدُ وَ تُزَيَّنُ مِنَ الْحَوْلِ إِلَى الْحَوْلِ لِدُخُولِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ
(The book) ‘Al Majaalis’ of Al Mufeed – Al Husayn Bin Muhammad Al Tammar, from Ja’far Bin Ahmad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Muslim, from Ahmad Bin Huleys, from Al Qasim Bin Al Hakam, from Hisham Bin Al Waleed, from Hammad Bin Suleyman, from Ali Bin Muhammad Al Sayrany, from Al Zahhak Bin Muzahim, from Abdullah Bin Al-Abbas Bin Abdul Muttalib-as,
‘He heard the Prophet-saww saying: ‘The Paradise is decorated and adorned from the year to the year at the entry of a month of Ramazan.
فَإِذَا كَانَ أَوَّلُ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْهُ هَبَّتْ رِيحٌ مِنْ تَحْتِ الْعَرْشِ يُقَالُ لَهَا الْمُثِيرَةُ تَصْفِقُ وَرَقَ أَشْجَارِ الْجِنَانِ وَ حَلَقَ الْمَصَارِيعِ فَيُسْمَعُ لِذَلِكَ طَنِينٌ لَمْ يَسْمَعِ السَّامِعُونَ أَحْسَنَ مِنْهُ وَ يَبْرُزْنَ الْحُورُ الْعِينُ حَتَّى يَقِفْنَ بَيْنَ شُرَفِ الْجَنَّةِ فَيُنَادِينَ هَلْ مِنْ خَاطِبٍ إِلَى اللَّهِ فَيُزَوِّجَهُ
Whenever it would be the first night from it, a wind called ‘Al-Museyra’ blows from beneath the Throne rustling leaves of the trees of the Gardens and knockers of the doors. Such a sound for that is heard, the listening ones have not heard any more excellent than it, and the Maiden Houries emerge until they pause between the balconies of Paradise. They call out, ‘Is there any proposer to Allah-azwj (for us) so He-azwj would get him married?’
ثُمَّ يَقُلْنَ يَا رِضْوَانُ مَا هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةُ
Then they say: ‘O Rizwaan (Gatekeeper of Paradise)! What is this night?’
فَيُجِيبُهُنَّ بِالتَّلْبِيَةِ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ يَا خَيْرَاتُ حِسَانٌ هَذِهِ أَوَّلُ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ قَدْ فُتِّحَتْ أَبْوَابُ الْجِنَانِ لِلصَّائِمِينَ مِنْ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص
He answers them with the ‘Talbiyya’ (‘At your service’). Then he says: ‘O good and beautiful females [55:70]! This is the first night from a month of Ramazan. The doors of Paradise have been opened for the fasting ones from the community of Muhammad-saww!’
وَ يَقُولُ لَهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَا رِضْوَانُ افْتَحْ أَبْوَابَ الْجِنَانِ يَا مَالِكُ أَغْلِقْ أَبْوَابَ جَهَنَّمَ عَنِ الصَّائِمِينَ مِنْ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ اهْبِطْ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ فَصَفِّدْ مَرَدَةَ الشَّيَاطِينِ وَ غُلَّهُمْ بِالْأَغْلَالِ ثُمَّ اقْذِفْ بِهِمْ فِي لُجَجِ الْبِحَارِ حَتَّى لَا يُفْسِدُوا عَلَى أُمَّةِ حَبِيبِي صِيَامَهُمْ
And the Mighty and Majestic Says to him: “O Rizwaan! Open the doors of the Gardens! O Maalik (Gatekeeper of Hell)! Close the doors of Hell from the fasting ones from the community of Muhammad-saww! O Jibraeel-as! Descend to the earth and chain the rebellious Satans-la and bind them with the shackles, then throw them into depths of the oceans until they cannot spoil upon the community of My-azwj Beloved of their fasts!”’
قَالَ وَ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ هَلْ مِنْ سَائِلٍ فَأُعْطِيَهُ سُؤْلَهُ هَلْ مِنْ تَائِبٍ فَأَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِ هَلْ مِنْ مُسْتَغْفِرٍ فَأَغْفِرَ لَهُ مَنْ يُقْرِضُ الْمَلِيءَ غَيْرَ الْمُعْدِمِ الْوَفِيَّ غَيْرَ الظَّالِمِ
He-saww said: ‘And Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Says during every night from a month of Ramazan three times: “Is there any requester so I-azwj can Grant him his request? Is there any repentant so I-azwj can Turn to him? Is there any seeker of Forgiveness so I-azwj can Forgive (his sins) for him? Who will lend to the wealthy and not the destitute, the faithful not the unjust?”’
قَالَ وَ إِنَّ لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى فِي آخِرِ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ عِنْدَ الْإِفْطَارِ أَلْفَ أَلْفِ عَتِيقٍ مِنَ النَّارِ فَإِذَا كَانَتْ لَيْلَةُ الْجُمُعَةِ وَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ أَعْتَقَ فِي كُلِّ سَاعَةٍ مِنْهَا أَلْفَ أَلْفِ عَتِيقٍ مِنَ النَّارِ وَ كُلُّهُمْ قَدِ اسْتَوْجَبَ الْعَذَابَ
He-saww said: ‘And for Allah-azwj the Exalted, in the end of every day of a month of Ramazan at the breaking of the fasts, there are a million liberations from the Hellfire. When it was the night of Friday and the day of Friday, every hour from it, there are a million liberations from the Hellfire, and (although) all of them are deserving the Punishment.
فَإِذَا كَانَ فِي آخِرِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَعْتَقَ اللَّهُ فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ بِعَدَدِ مَا أَعْتَقَ مِنْ أَوَّلِ الشَّهْرِ إِلَى آخِرِهِ
When it was in the end of a month of Ramazan, in that day Allah-azwj Liberates the number what He-azwj had Liberated from beginning of the month up to its end.
فَإِذَا كَانَتْ لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ جَبْرَئِيلَ فَهَبَطَ فِي كَتِيبَةٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ وَ مَعَهُ لِوَاءٌ أَخْضَرُ فَيَرْكُزُ اللِّوَاءَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ الْكَعْبَةِ
When it was the Night of Pre-determination (Laylat Al Qadr), Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Commands Jibraeel-as, so he-as descends to the earth among a battalion of Angels, and with him-as is a green flag. He-as installs the flag upon the back of the Kaaba.
وَ لَهُ سِتُّمِائَةِ جَنَاحٍ مِنْهَا جَنَاحَانِ لَا يَنْشُرُهُمَا إِلَّا فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ فَيَنْشُرُهُمَا تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ فَيُجَاوِزَانِ الْمَشْرِقَ وَ الْمَغْرِبَ وَ يَبُثُّ جَبْرَئِيلُ الْمَلَائِكَةَ فِي هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ فَيُسَلِّمُونَ عَلَى كُلِّ قَائِمٍ وَ قَاعِدٍ مُصَلٍّ وَ ذَاكِرٍ وَ يُصَافِحُونَهُمْ وَ يُؤَمِّنُونَ عَلَى دُعَائِهِمْ حَتَّى يَطْلُعَ الْفَجْرُ
For him-as there are six hundred wings. From these there are two wings he-as does not spread these except during Laylat Al Qadr, so he-as spreads these in that night and these exceed the east and the west, and Jibraeel-as dispatches the Angels during this night, so they greet upon every stand and sitting praying one, and one doing Zikr, and they are shaking their hands, and they are saying, ‘Ameen’, upon their supplication until the emergence of days.
فَإِذَا طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ نَادَى جَبْرَئِيلُ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ الرَّحِيلَ الرَّحِيلَ
When the dawn emerges, Jibraeel-as calls out: ‘O community of Angels! The departure! The departure!’
فَيَقُولُونَ يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ فَمَا صَنَعَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي حَوَائِجِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص
They say, ‘O Jibraeel-as! What has Allah-azwj the Exalted Done regarding the needs of Momineen from the community of Muhammad-saww?’
فَيَقُولُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى نَظَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ فِي هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ فَعَفَا عَنْهُمْ وَ غَفَرَ لَهُمْ إِلَّا أَرْبَعَةً
He-as says: ‘Allah-azwj the Exalted Looked at them during this night, so He-azwj Pardoned them and has Forgiven (their sins) for them, except four!’
قَالَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ مُدْمِنُ الْخَمْرِ وَ الْعَاقُّ لِوَالِدَيْهِ وَ الْقَاطِعُ الرَّحِمِ وَ الْمُشَاحِنُ
He (Ibn Al-Abbas) said, ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘And these four are – the habitual of wine, and the one disloyal to his parent, and the severer of the kinship, and the hating one.
فَإِذَا كَانَتْ لَيْلَةُ الْفِطْرِ وَ هِيَ تُسَمَّى لَيْلَةَ الْجَوَائِزِ أَعْطَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الْعَامِلِينَ أَجْرَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ فَإِذَا كَانَتْ غَدَاةُ يَوْمِ الْفِطْرِ بَعَثَ اللَّهُ الْمَلَائِكَةَ فِي كُلِّ الْبِلَادِ فَيَهْبِطُونَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ وَ يَقِفُونَ عَلَى أَفْوَاهِ السِّكَكِ فَيَقُولُونَ يَا أُمَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ ص اخْرُجُوا إِلَى رَبٍّ كَرِيمٍ يُعْطِي الْجَزِيلَ وَ يَغْفِرُ الْعَظِيمَ
When it will be the night of (Eid) Al Fitr, and it is names as ‘The night of awards’, Allah-azwj the Exalted Grants the workers their Recompense without a (limited) measure. When it was the morning of the day of (Eid) Al Fitr, Allah-azwj Dispatches the Angels in every city, so they descend to the earth and they pause at the entrances of the streets. They say, ‘O community of Muhammad-saww! Come out to a Benevolent Lord-azwj! He-azwj Gives the plenty and Forgives the mighty (sins)!’
فَإِذَا بَرَزُوا إِلَى مُصَلَّاهُمْ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ مَلَائِكَتِي مَا جَزَاءُ الْأَجِيرِ إِذَا عَمِلَ عَمَلَهُ
When they come out to their prayer mats, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Says to the Angels: “My-azwj Angels! What is the recompense of the worker when he does his work?”’
قَالَ فَيَقُولُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ إِلَهَنَا وَ سَيِّدَنَا جَزَاهُ أَنْ تُوَفِّيَ أَجْرَهُ
He-saww said: ‘The Angels says: ‘O our God and our Master! His-azwj recompense is that You-azwj should Fulfil his recompense!’’
قَالَ فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَإِنِّي أُشْهِدُكُمْ مَلَائِكَتِي أَنِّي قَدْ جَعَلْتُ ثَوَابَهُمْ مِنْ صِيَامِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ قِيَامِهِمْ فِيهِ رِضَايَ وَ مَغْفِرَتِي
He-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Says: “I-azwj Keep you as witnesses, My-azwj Angels, I-azwj have Made their Rewards of fasts of a month of Ramazan and their standings (in the Salat), in it is My-azwj Satisfaction and My-azwj Forgiveness!”’
وَ يَقُولُ يَا عِبَادِي سَلُونِي فَوَ عِزَّتِي وَ جَلَالِي لَا تَسْأَلُونِّي الْيَوْمَ فِي جَمْعِكُمْ لِآخِرَتِكُمْ وَ دُنْيَاكُمْ إِلَّا أَعْطَيْتُكُمْ
And He-azwj Says: “O My-azwj servants! Ask Me-azwj, for by My-azwj Might and My-azwj Majesty! You will not ask me-azwj today in your gathering for your Hereafter and your world except I-azwj shall Give you!
وَ عِزَّتِي لَأَسْتُرَنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ عَوْرَاتِكُمْ مَا رَاقَبْتُمُونِي
By My-azwj Might! I-azwj will Conceal your defects for as long as you watch out for Me-azwj!
وَ عِزَّتِي لَأُجِيرَنَّكُمْ وَ لَا أَفْضَحُكُمْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ أَصْحَابِ الْحُدُودِ انْصَرِفُوا مَغْفُوراً لَكُمْ قَدْ أَرْضَيْتُمُونِي وَ رَضِيتُ عَنْكُمْ
By My-azwj Might! I-azwj will Shelter you and not Expose you in front of the ones for the legal punishment! Leave having been Forgiven for you all! You have Satisfied Me-azwj and I-azwj am Satisfied with you!”’
قَالَ فَتَفْرَحُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَ تَسْتَبْشِرُ وَ يُهَنِّئُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضاً بِمَا يُعْطِي هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةَ إِذَا أَفْطَرُوا.
He-saww said: ‘The Angels rejoice and simile and congratulate each other due to what this community is Given when they break their fasts!’’[259]
2- كشف، كشف الغمة رَوَى الْحَافِظُ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ عَنْ رِجَالِهِ قَالَ الْقَاضِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ هَارُونَ الضَّبِّيُّ إِمْلَاءً قَالَ وَجَدْتُ فِي كِتَابِ وَالِدِي حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَمْزَةَ الْعَلَوِيُّ قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الرِّضَا ع أَسْأَلُهُ لِمَ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ الصَّوْمَ
(The book) ‘Kashf Al Ghumma’ – It is reported by Al Hafiz Abdul Aziz, from his men, ‘Al Qazi Abu Abdullah Al Husayn Bin Ali Bin Haroun Al Saby dictating, said, ‘I found in the book of my father, ‘It is narrated to us by Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Hamza Al Alawy who said,
‘I wrote to Abu Muhammad Al-Hassan-asws Bin Ali-asws Bin Muhammad-asws Bin Al-Reza-asws asking him-asws, ‘Why did Allah-azwj Impose the fasting?’
فَكَتَبَ إِلَيَّ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الصَّوْمَ لِيَجِدَ الْغَنِيُّ مَسَّ الْجُوعِ لِيَحْنُوَ عَلَى الْفَقِيرِ.
He-asws wrote to me: ‘Allah-azwj the Exalted Imposed the fasting so the rich would feel the touch of hunger so they would be affectionate to the poor’’.[260]
3- مَجَالِسُ الشَّيْخِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ أَخِي هِشَامٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ لِلَّهِ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ عُتَقَاءَ مِنَ النَّارِ إِلَّا مَنْ أَفْطَرَ عَلَى مُسْكِرٍ أَوْ مشاحن [مُشَاحِناً] أَوْ صَاحِبَ شَاهَيْنِ
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of the sheykh – We are informed by Al Husayn Bin Ubeydullah, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Yahya, from his father, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Abu Umeyr, from Muhammad Bin Al Hakam brother of Hisham, from Umar Bin Yazeed,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘For Allah-azwj during every night of a month of Ramazan there are liberations from the Hellfire except the one who breaks upon wine or hating one, or a companion of Shaheen’.
قَالَ قُلْتُ وَ أَيُّ شَيْءٍ صَاحِبُ شَاهَيْنِ
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘And which thing is an owner (player) of Shaheen?’
قَالَ الشِّطْرَنْجُ.
He-asws said: ‘The chess’’.[261]
4- دَعَوَاتُ الرَّاوَنْدِيِّ، عَنْ كَعْبٍ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى اخْتَارَ مِنَ اللَّيَالِي لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِ وَ مِنَ الشُّهُورِ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ فَشَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ يُكَفِّرُ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ الْخَبَرَ.
(The book) ‘Dawaat’ of Al Rawandy – From Ka’ab,
‘Allah-azwj the Exalted Chose from the nights, Laylat Al Qadr, and from the months the month of Ramazan. Thus, a month of Ramazan expiates what is between it and a month of Ramazan’ – the Hadeeth’’.[262]
5- كِتَابُ فَضَائِلِ الْأَشْهُرِ الثَّلَاثَةِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ مَنْ أَفْطَرَ يَوْماً مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ خَرَجَ الْإِيمَانُ مِنْهُ.
The book ‘Fazaail Al Ash’har Al Salisa’ – from Muhammad Bin Al-Hassan, from Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Yahya Bin Imran Al Ash’ary, from Ibrahim Bin Hashim, from Musa Bin Imran Al Hamdany, from Yunus Bin Abdul Rahman, from Yunus Bin Ammar who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘One who breaks a day from a month of Ramazan, the Eman exits from him’’.[263]
وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ شَهْرُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ هُوَ شَهْرٌ يُضَاعِفُ اللَّهُ فِيهِ الْحَسَنَاتِ وَ يَمْحُو فِيهِ السَّيِّئَاتِ وَ هُوَ شَهْرُ الْبَرَكَةِ وَ هُوَ شَهْرُ الْإِنَابَةِ وَ هُوَ شَهْرُ التَّوْبَةِ وَ هُوَ شَهْرُ الْمَغْفِرَةِ وَ هُوَ شَهْرُ الْعِتْقِ مِنَ النَّارِ وَ الْفَوْزِ بِالْجَنَّةِ
And from it, from Muhammad Bin Ali Majaylawiya, from Ali Bin Ibrahim Bin Hashim, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Abu Umeyr, from someone else,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The month of Ramazan is a month of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and it is a month Allah-azwj Doubles the good deeds in it and Deletes the evil deeds in it, and it is a month of Blessings, and it is a month penitence, and it is a month of repentance, and it is a month of Forgiveness, and it is a month of Liberation from the Hellfire and the success with the Paradise.
أَلَا فَاجْتَنِبُوا فِيهِ كُلَّ حَرَامٍ وَ أَكْثِرُوا فِيهِ مِنْ تِلَاوَةِ الْقُرْآنِ وَ سَلُوا فِيهِ حَوَائِجَكُمْ وَ اشْتَغِلُوا فِيهِ بِذِكْرِ رَبِّكُمْ وَ لَا يَكُونَنَّ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ عِنْدَكُمْ كَغَيْرِهِ مِنَ الشُّهُورِ فَإِنَّ لَهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ حُرْمَةً وَ فَضْلًا عَلَى سَائِرِ الشُّهُورِ وَ لَا يَكُونَنَّ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ يَوْمُ صَوْمِكُمْ كَيَوْمِ فِطْرِكُمْ.
Indeed! Shun during it every Prohibition, and frequent in it from recitation of the Quran, and lowed in it your wings (be humble), and be pre-occupied in it with Zikr of your Lord-azwj, and do not let a month of Ramazan in your view be like others from the months for there is Sanctity for it in the Presence of Allah-azwj and merit upon rest of the months, and do not let a month of Ramazan, a day of your fast be like your day of breaking’’.[264]
وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُوسَى الرِّضَا ع قَالَ: الْحَسَنَاتُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مَقْبُولَةٌ وَ السَّيِّئَاتُ فِيهِ مَغْفُورَةٌ
And from him, from Muhammad Bin Ibrahim Bin Is’haq, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Hamdany, from Ali Bin Al-Hassan Bin Ali Bin Fazal, from his father,
‘From Abu Al-Hassan Ali-asws Bin Musa Al-Reza-asws having said: ‘The good deeds during a month of Ramazan are Accepted and the evil deeds in it are Forgiven!
مَنْ قَرَأَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ آيَةً مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ كَانَ كَمَنْ خَتَمَ الْقُرْآنَ فِي غَيْرِهِ مِنَ الشُّهُورِ وَ مَنْ ضَحِكَ فِيهِ فِي وَجْهِ أَخِيهِ الْمُؤْمِنِ لَمْ يَلْقَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ إِلَّا ضَحِكَ فِي وَجْهِهِ وَ بَشَّرَهُ بِالْجَنَّةِ
During a month of Ramazan, one who recites a Verse from the Book of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic would be like the one who completed the Quran in others from the months; and one who laughs during it in the face of his Momin brother will not meet him on the Day of Qiyamah except he will laugh (back) in his face and will having been glad tidings with (going) to the Paradise!
وَ مَنْ أَعَانَ فِيهِ مُؤْمِناً أَعَانَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَى الْجَوَازِ عَلَى الصِّرَاطِ يَوْمَ تَزِلُّ فِيهِ الْأَقْدَامُ وَ مَنْ كَفَّ فِيهِ غَضَبَهُ كَفَّ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ غَضَبَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ
And one who assist a Momin during it, Allah-azwj the Exalted will Assist him upon the crossing over the Bridge on the day the feet will be slipping in; and one who restrains his anger during it, Allah-azwj will Restrain His-azwj Anger from him on the Day of Qiyamah!
وَ مَنْ أَغَاثَ فِيهِ مَلْهُوفاً آمَنَهُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْفَزَعِ الْأَكْبَرِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ مَنْ نَصَرَ فِيهِ مَظْلُوماً نَصَرَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ مَنْ عَادَاهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَ نَصَرَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عِنْدَ الْحِسَابِ وَ الْمِيزَانِ
And one who helps a distressed one during it, Allah-azwj will Secure him from the great panic on the Day of Qiyamah; and one who helps an oppressed during it, Allah-azwj will Help him against every one being inimical to his in the world and Help him on the Day of Qiyamah at the Reckoning and the Scale!
شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ شَهْرُ الْبَرَكَةِ وَ شَهْرُ الرَّحْمَةِ وَ شَهْرُ الْمَغْفِرَةِ وَ شَهْرُ التَّوْبَةِ وَ شَهْرُ الْإِنَابَةِ مَنْ لَمْ يُغْفَرْ لَهُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَفِي أَيِّ شَهْرٍ يُغْفَرُ لَهُ
Month of Ramazan is the month of Blessings, and the month of Mercy, and the month of Forgiveness, and the month of repentance, and the month of penitence! One who is not Forgiven for (his sins) during a month of Ramazan, then in which month would he be Forgiven for (his sins)?
فَسَلُوا اللَّهَ أَنْ يَتَقَبَّلَ مِنْكُمْ فِيهِ الصِّيَامَ وَ لَا يَجْعَلَهُ آخِرَ الْعَهْدِ مِنْكُمْ وَ أَنْ يُوَفِّقَكُمْ فِيهِ لِطَاعَتِهِ وَ يَعْصِمَكُمْ مِنْ مَعْصِيَتِهِ إِنَّهُ خَيْرُ مَسْئُولٍ.
Therefore, ask Allah-azwj to Accept from you the fasts during it and do not make it the last of the pacts from you, and to Harmonise you in it to obey Him-azwj and Fortify you from disobeying Him-azwj, He-azwj is Best of the ones asked!’’[265]
وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع صِيَامُ شَهْرِ الصَّبْرِ وَ صِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ يُذْهِبُ بَلَابِلَ الصَّدْرِ.
And from him, from Muhammad Bin Al-Hassan Bin Ahmad Bin Al Waleed, from Muhammad Bin Al-Hassan Al Saffar, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Muhammad Bin Abu Umeyr, from Hammad Bin Usman, from Al Halby,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘Fasts of a month is the patience, and fasts of three days during every month does away disturbances of the chest’’.[266]
وَ رُوِيَ صِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ صِيَامُ الدَّهْرِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ مَنْ جاءَ بِالْحَسَنَةِ فَلَهُ عَشْرُ أَمْثالِها.
And it is reported: ‘Fasting three days during every month (equates to) fasting the whole time (life). Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Says: One who comes with the good deed, then for him would be ten the likes of it, [6:160]’’.[267]
6- دَعَائِمُ الْإِسْلَامِ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ لِبَنِيهِ إِذَا دَخَلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَأَجْهِدُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ فِيهِ فَإِنَّ فِيهِ تُقَسَّمُ الْأَرْزَاقُ وَ تُوَقَّتُ الْآجَالُ وَ يُكْتَبُ وَفْدُ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يَفِدُونَ عَلَيْهِ وَ فِيهِ لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ الَّتِي الْعَمَلُ فِيهَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْعَمَلِ فِي أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ.
Da’aim Al Islam –
‘From Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, he-asws had said to his-asws son: ‘Whenever a month of Ramazan enters, exert yourselves in it, for the sustenance is distributed in it, and the terms (death) are saved from, and delegates of Allah-azwj (for Hajj) are Written, those will be delegating to Him-azwj, and in it is Laylat Al Qadr which, the work during it is better than the work in a thousand months’’.[268]
وَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص أَنَّهُ خَطَبَ النَّاسَ آخِرَ يَوْمٍ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ فَقَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قَدْ أَظَلَّكُمْ شَهْرٌ عَظِيمٌ شَهْرٌ مُبَارَكٌ شَهْرٌ فِيهِ لَيْلَةٌ الْعَمَلُ فِيهَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْعَمَلِ فِي أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ
And from Rasool-Allah-saww, he-saww addressed the people in the last day of Shaban. He-saww said: ‘O you people! A mighty month is shading you, a Blessed month! A month there is a night in it, the deed in it is better than the deed in a thousand months.
مَنْ تَقَرَّبَ فِيهِ بِخَصْلَةٍ مِنْ خِصَالِ الْخَيْرِ كَانَ كَمَنْ أَدَّى فَرِيضَةً فِيمَا سِوَاهُ وَ مَنْ أَدَّى فَرِيضَةً فِيهِ كَانَ كَمَنْ أَدَّى سَبْعِينَ فَرِيضَةً فِيمَا سِوَاهُ
One who draws closer (to Allah-azwj with a quality from the qualities of good would be like the one who has fulfilled an obligatory (act) in what is besides it, and the one who fulfil an obligatory (act) in it would be like the one who fulfils seventy obligations in what is besides it!
وَ هُوَ شَهْرُ الصَّبْرِ وَ الصَّبْرُ ثَوَابُهُ الْجَنَّةُ وَ شَهْرُ الْمُوَاسَاةِ شَهْرٌ يُزَادُ فِيهِ فِي رِزْقِ الْمُؤْمِنِ مَنْ فَطَّرَ فِيهِ صَائِماً كَانَ لَهُ مَغْفِرَةٌ لِذُنُوبِهِ وَ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ مِنَ النَّارِ وَ كَانَ لَهُ مِثْلُ أَجْرِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يُنْقَصَ مِنْ أَجْرِهِ شَيْءٌ
And it is the month of patience, and the patience, its Reward is the Paradise, and the month of consoling. A mong in which sustenance of the Momin is increased. One who breaks during it a fasting one (by providing a meal) there would be for him Forgiveness for his sins, and liberation of a neck from the Hellfire, and for him would be Recompense similar to his from without there being a reduction from his own Recompense by anything!’
فَقَالَ بَعْضُ الْقَوْمِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص لَيْسَ كُلُّنَا يَجِدُ مَا يُفَطِّرُ الصَّائِمَ
One of the groups said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! All of us cannot find (a meal) what we can get a fasting one to break!’
فَقَالَ ص يُعْطِي اللَّهُ هَذَا الثَّوَابَ مَنْ فَطَّرَ صَائِماً عَلَى مَذْقَةِ لَبَنٍ أَوْ تَمْرٍ أَوْ شَرْبَةِ مَاءٍ وَ مَنْ أَشْبَعَ صَائِماً سَقَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ حَوْضِي شَرْبَةً لَا يَظْمَأُ بَعْدَهَا
He-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj Gives this Reward to the one who breaks a fasting one upon making his taste a sip of milk, or a date, or a drink of water, and one who satiates a fasting one, Allah-azwj will Quench him from my-saww fountain such a drink, he will not be thirsty after it!
وَ هُوَ شَهْرٌ أَوَّلُهُ رَحْمَةٌ وَ أَوْسَطُهُ مَغْفِرَةٌ وَ آخِرُهُ عِتْقٌ مِنَ النَّارِ وَ مَنْ خَفَّفَ عَنْ مَمْلُوكِهِ فِيهِ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ وَ أَعْتَقَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ
And it is a mong, its beginning is Mercy and its middle is Forgiveness and its end is liberation from the Hellfire; and one who lightens (the work) from his slaves during it, Allah-azwj will Forgive (his sins) for him, and Liberate him from the Hellfire!
وَ اسْتَكْثِرُوا فِيهِ مِنْ أَرْبَعِ خِصَالٍ خَصْلَتَانِ تُرْضُونَ بِهِمَا رَبَّكُمْ وَ خَصْلَتَانِ لَا غِنَى بِكُمْ عَنْهُمَا فَأَمَّا الْخَصْلَتَانِ اللَّتَانِ تُرْضُونَ بِهِمَا رَبَّكُمْ فَشَهَادَةُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَ تَسْتَغْفِرُونَهُ وَ أَمَّا اللَّتَانِ لَا غِنَى بِكُمْ عَنْهُمَا فَتَسْأَلُونَ اللَّهَ الْجَنَّةَ وَ تَعُوذُونَ بِهِ مِنَ النَّارِ.
And frequent in it from four characteristics – two practices pleasing your Lord-azwj with it and two practices you cannot do without. As for the two practices, those which you please your Lord-azwj with these – testimony that there is no god except Allah-azwj, and your seeking His-azwj Forgiveness; and as for those which you cannot do without – asking Allah-azwj for the Paradise and seeking Refuge with Him-azwj from the Hellfire!’’[269]
وَ عَنْهُ ص أَنَّهُ صَعِدَ الْمِنْبَرَ فَقَالَ آمِينَ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ جَبْرَئِيلَ اسْتَقْبَلَنِي فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَنْ أَدْرَكَ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ فَلَمْ يُغْفَرْ لَهُ فِيهِ فَمَاتَ فَأَبْعَدَهُ اللَّهُ قُلْ آمِينَ فَقُلْتُ آمِينَ.
And from him-saww, he-saww ascended the pulpit. He-saww said: ‘Ameen!’, then said: ‘O you people! Jibraeel-as is facing me-saww. He-as says: ‘O Muhammad-saww! One who comes across a month of Ramazan and (his sins) are not Forgiven for him in it, and he dies, Allah-azwj will Distance him. Say Ameen!’ So, I-saww said: ‘Ameen!’’[270]
وَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنْ لَمْ يُغْفَرْ لَهُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ لَمْ يُغْفَرْ لَهُ إِلَى مِثْلِهِ مِنْ قَابِلٍ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْهَدَ عَرَفَةَ.
And from Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws having said: ‘One whom (sins) are not Forgiven for during a month of Ramazan, will not be Forgiven for up to its similar the following year, except if he attends Arafaat!’’[271]
وَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: صَوْمُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ جُنَّةٌ مِنَ النَّارِ.
And from Ali-asws having said: ‘Fast of a month of Ramazan is a shield from the Hellfire’’.[272]
7- كِتَابُ النَّوَادِرِ، لِفَضْلِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنِيِّ الرَّاوَنْدِيِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْفَتْحِ رُسْتُمُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمَعْرُوفِ بِالْأَخْبَارِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي خَلَفٍ الطَّبَرِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْحَافِظِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَخْبَارِيِّ وَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عِيسَى الْمُقْرِي عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الرُّويَانِيِّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْبَزَّارِ الْبَغْدَادِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمُنْعِمِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص قَالَ: إِذَا كَانَ أَوَّلُ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى سَبْعَةً مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ جَبْرَئِيلَ وَ مِيكَائِيلَ وَ إِسْرَافِيلَ وَ كوكيائيل وَ شَمْشَائِيلَ وَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَ درديائيل ع
The book ‘Al Nawadir’ of Al Fazlullah Bin Ali Al Husayni Al Rawandy who said, ‘Abu Al Fat’h Rustam Bin Mas’oud informed me from Ahmad Bin Ibrahim well knows as ‘The Akhbari’, from Ali Bin Abu Khalaf Al Tabari, from Abdullah Bin Ja’far Al Hafiz, from Muhammad Bin Al Abbas Al Akhbari, and Ibrahim Bin Isa Al Muqry, from Al-Hassan Bin Muhammad Al Rowbany, from Al-Hassan Bin Al Bazzaz, from Abdul Mun’im Bin Idrees, from Wahb Bin Munabbih, from Abdullah Bin Abbas,
‘From the Prophet-saww having said: ‘Whenever it was the first night of a month of Ramazan Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Commands seven of the Angels – Jibraeel-as, and Mikaeel-as, and Israfeel-as, and Kowkiyaeel-as, and Shamsaeel-as, and Ismaeel-as, and Dardiyaeel-as.
مَعَ كُلِّ مَلَكٍ مِنْهُمْ لِوَاءٌ مِنْ نُورٍ وَ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفاً مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ مَعَ جَبْرَئِيلَ لِوَاءٌ مِنْ نُورٍ يُضْرَبُ فِي السَّمَاءِ السَّابِعَةِ مَكْتُوبٌ عَلَى ذَلِكَ اللِّوَاءِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص طُوبَى لِأُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ يُنَادُونَ بِالْأَسْحَارِ بِالْبُكَاءِ وَ التَّضَرُّعِ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْآمِنُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ-
With every Angel from them there is a flag of light, and there are seventy thousand Angels. With Jibraeel-as there is a flag of light struck in the seventh sky. Written upon that flag is: ‘There is no god except Allah-azwj, Muhammad-saww is Rasool-saww of Allah-saww! Beatitude is for the community of Muhammad-saww who are calling out at pre-dawn with the crying and the beseeching. These ones, they are the secured ones on the Day of Qiyamah!’
وَ فِي يَدِ كوكيائيل لِوَاءٌ مِنْ نُورٍ يُضْرَبُ فِي السَّمَاءِ الرَّابِعَةِ مَكْتُوبٌ عَلَيْهِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ طُوبَى لِأُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص يَتَصَدَّقُونَ بِالنَّهَارِ وَ يَقُومُونَ فِي اللَّيْلِ بِالدُّعَاءِ وَ الِاسْتِغْفَارِ يَنْظُرُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِمْ وَ يَرْضَى عَنْهُمْ
And in the hand of Kowkiyaeel-as there is a flag of light struck in the fourth sky. Written upon it is: ‘There is no god except Allah-azwj, Muhammad-saww is Rasool-saww of Allah-azwj! Beatitude is for the community of Muhammad-saww who are giving charity at daytime and are standing during the night with the supplication and seeking the Forgiveness. Allah-azwj will Look at them and be Pleased with them!’
وَ فِي يَدِ شَمْشَائِيلَ لِوَاءٌ مِنْ نُورٍ يُضْرَبُ فِي السَّمَاءِ الثَّالِثَةِ مَكْتُوبٌ عَلَيْهِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ طُوبَى لِأُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص صِيَامُهُمْ جُنَّةٌ مِنَ النَّارِ
And in the hand of Shamshaeel there is a flag of light struck in the third sky. Written upon it is: ‘There is no god except Allah-azwj, Muhammad-saww is Rasool-saww of Allah-azwj! Beatitude is for the community of Muhammad-saww, Rasool-saww of Allah-azwj! Their fasts are a shield from the Hellfire!’
وَ فِي يَدِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ لِوَاءٌ مِنْ نُورٍ يُضْرَبُ فِي السَّمَاءِ الثَّانِيَةِ مَكْتُوبٌ عَلَيْهِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ يَجُوزُونَ الصِّرَاطَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ كَالْبَرْقِ الْخَاطِفِ
And in the hand of Ismaeel-as is a flag of light struck in the second sky. Written upon it is: ‘There is no god except Allah-azwj, Muhammad-saww is Rasool-saww of Allah-azwj! They will be crossing the Bridge on the Day of Qiyamah like the bolt of lightning!’
وَ فِي يَدِ درديائيل لِوَاءٌ مِنْ نُورٍ يُضْرَبُ فِي السَّمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا مَكْتُوبٌ عَلَيْهِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ يَا أُمَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ أَبْشِرُوا بِالنَّعِيمِ الدَّائِمِ وَ جِوَارِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَ جِوَارِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع وَ جِوَارِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ.
And in the hand of Dardaeel-as is a flag of light struck in the sky of the world. Written upon it is: ‘There is no god except Allah-azwj, Muhammad-saww is Rasool-saww of Allah-azwj! The greeting be upon you all, O community of Muhammad-saww! Receive glad tidings of the permanent bounties, and vicinity of the Beneficent, and neighbourhood of Muhammad-saww, and neighbourhood of the Angels’’.[273]
8- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي خَلَفٍ الطَّبَرِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْمَرْوَزِيِّ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ النازي عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَمْشِيدَ عَنْ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ لَيْثِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ أَبْوَابَ السَّمَاءِ تُفَتَّحُ فِي أَوَّلِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ لَا تُغْلَقُ إِلَى آخِرِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْهُ
And from him, from Ali Bin Abu Khalaf Al Tabari, from Muhammad Bin Is’haq Al Marouzy, from Is’haq Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Shueyb Al Nazy, from Muhammad Bin Jamsheyd, from Jareer, from Lays Bin Abu Suleym, from Muhammad, from Abu Saeed Al Khudri who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Doors of the sky are opened in the first night of Ramazan and not closed until the last night from it!
فَلَيْسَ مِنْ عَبْدٍ يُصَلِّي فِي لَيْلَةٍ مِنْهُ إِلَّا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهُ بِكُلِّ سَجْدَةٍ أَلْفَ وَ خَمْسَمِائَةِ حَسَنَةٍ وَ بَنَى لَهُ بَيْتاً فِي الْجَنَّةِ مِنْ يَاقُوتَةٍ حَمْرَاءَ لَهَا سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ بَابٍ لِكُلِّ بَابٍ مِنْهَا قَصْرٌ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ مُوَشَّحٌ بِيَاقُوتَةٍ حَمْرَاءَ وَ كَانَ لَهُ بِكُلِّ سَجْدَةٍ سَجَدَهَا مِنْ لَيْلٍ أَوْ نَهَارٍ شَجَرَةٌ يَسِيرُ الرَّاكِبُ فِيهَا مِائَةَ عَامٍ
There isn’t any servant who prays Salat in the first night from it except Allah Mighty and Majestic Writes for him, with every Sajdah, one thousand and five hundred good deeds, and Builds for him a house in the Paradise of red rubies, having seventy thousand doors for it. For each door from it is a castle of gold decorated with red ruby, and there would be for him, with every Salat he prostrates, from a night or a day, a tree, the rider could travel in it for one hundred years.
فَإِذَا صَامَ أَوَّلَ يَوْمٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ غَفَرَ لَهُ كُلَّ ذَنْبٍ تَقَدَّمَ إِلَى ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ كَانَ كَفَّارَةً إِلَى مِثْلِهَا مِنَ الْحَوْلِ وَ كَانَ لَهُ بِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ يَصُومُهُ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ قَصْرٌ لَهُ أَلْفُ بَابٍ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ وَ اسْتَغْفَرَ لَهُ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ أَلْفِ مَلَكٍ تَأْتِي غُدْوَةً إِلَى أَنْ تُوَارِيَ بِالْحِجَابِ.
When he fasts in the beginning of a day of a month of Ramazan, every sin is Forgiven for him which he sent ahead up to that day of a month of Ramazan, and it would be an expiation up to its like from the (next) year, and there would be for him, with every day he fasts from a month of Ramazan, a castle having a thousand doors of gold for it, and seventy million Angels will seek Forgiveness for him, coming until he is covered by the veils’’.[274]
9- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْحَافِظِ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ رَفِيعٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَالِيَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص يَقُولُ مَنْ صَامَ رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ حَدَّثَ نَفْسَهُ أَنْ يَصُومَ إِنْ عَاشَ فَإِنْ مَاتَ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ وَ مَا نَفَقَةٌ إِلَّا وَ يُسْأَلُ الْعَبْدُ عَنْهَا إِلَّا النَّفَقَةُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ صِلَةً لِلْعِبَادِ وَ كَانَ كَفَّارَةً لِذُنُوبِهِمْ
And from him, from Ali, from Abdullah Bin Ja’far Al Hafiz, from Imran Bin Ahmad, from Abu Muhammad Saeed, from Ahmad Bin Musa, from Hammad Bin Amro, from Yazeed Bin Rafie, from Abu Aaliya, from Abdullah Bin Masoud who said,
‘I heard Rasool-Allah-saww saying: ‘One who fasts Ramazan then discusses with himself that he will fast if he lives but he dies between that, will enter the Paradise; and there is no spending except and the servant will be questioned about it except the spending during a month of Ramazan for connecting (helping) servants, and it would be an expiation for their sins.
وَ مَنْ تَصَدَّقَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ بِصَدَقَةٍ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ فَمَا فَوْقَهَا إِذَا كَانَ أَثْقَلَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِنْ جِبَالِ الْأَرْضِ ذَهَباً تَصَدَّقَ بِهَا فِي غَيْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ مَنْ قَرَأَ آيَةً فِي رَمَضَانَ أَوْ سَبَّحَ كَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ كَفَضْلِي عَلَى أُمَّتِي فَطُوبَى لِمَنْ أَدْرَكَ رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ طُوبَى لَهُ
And one who give charity during a month of Ramazan the weight of a particle and what is above it, it would become heavier in the Presence of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic than a mountain of the earth in gold donated with in other than Ramazan; and the one who reads a Verse in Ramazan or glorifies, there would be for him the merit over others like my-saww merit over my-saww community. Therefore, Tooba is for one who comes across Ramazan! Then, Tooba will be for him!’
فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص وَ مَا طُوبَى
They said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww, and what is Tooba?’
قَالَ ع أَخْبَرَنِي جَبْرَئِيلُ ع أَنَّهَا شَجَرَةٌ غَرَسَهَا اللَّهُ بِيَدِهِ تَحْمِلُ كُلَّ نَعِيمٍ خَلَقَهَا اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِأَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ وَ إِنَّ عَلَيْهَا ثِمَاراً بِعَدَدِ النُّجُومِ كُلُّ ثَمَرَةٍ مِثْلُ ثَدْيِ النِّسَاءِ تَخْرُجُ فِي كُلِّ ثَمَرَةٍ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَةُ أَنْهَارٍ مَاءٌ وَ خَمْرٌ وَ عَسَلٌ وَ لَبَنٌ وَ سَعَةُ كُلِّ نَهَرٍ مَا بَيْنَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ عَرْضُهُ مَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ
He-saww said: ‘Jibraeel-as informed me-saww it is a tree Allah-azwj Planted it with His-azwj Hand. It bears every bounty Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Created for the people of Paradise, and upon it there are fruits the number of stars. Every fruit is like the breast of a woman. Four rivers flow from each fruit – of water, and wine, and honey, and milk, and the expanse of every river is what is between the east and the west, and its width is what is between the sky to the earth.
وَ مَنْ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ فِي رَمَضَانَ يُحْسَبُ لَهُ ذَاكَ بِسَبْعِ مِائَةِ أَلْفِ رَكْعَةٍ فِي غَيْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَإِنَّ الْعَمَلَ يُضَاعَفُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ
And one who prays two units of Salat in Ramazan, that will be calculated for him with seven hundred thousand units in other than Ramazan, for the deed is multiplies during a month of Ramazan!’
فَقِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص كَمْ يُضَاعَفُ
It was said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! How many multiple?’
قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي جَبْرَئِيلُ ع قَالَ تُضَاعَفُ الْحَسَنَاتُ بِأَلْفِ أَلْفٍ كُلُّ حَسَنَةٍ مِنْهَا أَفْضَلُ مِنْ جَبَلِ أُحُدٍ وَ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى وَ اللَّهُ يُضاعِفُ لِمَنْ يَشاءُ.
He-saww said: ‘Jibraeel-as informed me-saww, he-as said: ‘The good deeds are multiplied by a million. Each good deed from it is better than mount Ohad, and it is Word of the Exalted: and Allah Multiplies for the one He so desires to; [2:261]’’.[275]
قَالَ الرَّاوَنْدِيُّ قَوْلُهُ ص فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ إِنَّهَا شَجَرَةٌ غَرَسَهَا اللَّهُ بِيَدِهِ.أراد به و الله أعلم أحدثها بقوته كما قال الله تعالى وَ السَّماءَ بَنَيْناها بِأَيْدٍ أي أحدثناها بقوة و القوة هي القدرة.
Al-Rawandy said, ‘His-saww words in this Hadeeth, ‘It is a tree Allah-azwj Planted by His-azwj Hand’, he-saww intended by it, and Allah-azwj is more Knowing, He-azwj had Brought it into being, just as Allah-azwj the Exalted Said: And the sky, We Built it by Hand, [51:47] – i.e. We-azwj Brought it into being by Strength, and the strength, it is the Power’.
10- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ وَهْبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ صَامَ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ فَاجْتَنَبَ فِيهِ الْحَرَامَ وَ الْبُهْتَانَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَ أَوْجَبَ لَهُ الْجِنَانَ.
And from it, from Abdul Raheem Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Ali, from Abu Al Qasim Bin Muhammad, from Abu Abdul Rahman, from Is’haq Bin Wahab, from Abdul Malik Bin Yazeed, from Abu Ismail Bin Khalid,
‘From Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from his-asws grandfather Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘One who fasts a month of Ramazan, shunning during it the Prohibitions and the slander, Allah-azwj will be Satisfied with him and Obligate the Paradise for him’’.[276]
11- وَ مِنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ [كَذَا] عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَذْعُورَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ: مَنْ صَلَّى فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ يَقْرَأُ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ مَرَّةً وَ قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ إِنْ شَاءَ صَلَّاهُمَا فِي أَوَّلِ لَيْلٍ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ فِي آخِرِ لَيْلٍ وَ الَّذِي بَعَثَنِي بِالْحَقِّ نَبِيّاً إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَبْعَثُ بِكُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ مِائَةَ أَلْفِ مَلَكٍ يَكْتُبُونَ لَهُ الْحَسَنَاتِ وَ يَمْحَوْنَ عَنْهُ السَّيِّئَاتِ وَ يَرْفَعُونَ لَهُ الدَّرَجَاتِ وَ أَعْطَاهُ ثَوَابَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ سَبْعِينَ رَقَبَةً.
And from him, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Rahman, from Abu Bakr Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Amro Bin Maoura, from Abu Hureyra (well-known fabricator),
‘From Rasool-Allah-saww having said: ‘One who prays Salat during a month of Ramazan, two units in every night, reading in the first unit with Surah Al Fatiha once and Surah Al Tawheed three times, if he desires, he can pray these in the beginning of a night, and if he desires in the end of a night, by the One Who Send me-saww with the truth as a Prophet-azwj! Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic will Dispatch, each unit, one hundred thousand Angels writing the good deeds for him and deleting the evil deeds from him, and raising the ranks for him, and He-azwj will Give him Rewards of the one who liberated seventy necks!’’[277]
12- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ عَنْ زَائِدٍ الْقُمِّيِّ عَنْ مُرَّةَ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص أَنَّهُ قَالَ وَ قَدْ دَنَا رَمَضَانُ لَوْ يَعْلَمُ الْعَبْدُ مَا فِي رَمَضَانَ لَوَدَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ رَمَضَانُ السَّنَةَ
And from him, from Abu Al-Hassan Ali, from Abdullah Bin Ja’far, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ahmad Bin Ja’far, from Al Husayn Bin Ismail, from Yusuf Bin Sa’ad, from Zaid Al Qummi, from Murrah Al Hamdani, from Abu Masoud Al Ansari,
‘From the Prophet-saww, he-saww said: ‘And Ramazan is approaching, if only the servant knew what is in Ramazan, he would have loved it if Ramazan would be for the year!’
فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَ مَا فِيهِ
A man from Khuza’a said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww, and what is in it?’
فَقَالَ ص إِنَّ الْجَنَّةَ لَتُزَيَّنُ لِرَمَضَانَ مِنَ الْحَوْلِ إِلَى الْحَوْلِ فَإِذَا كَانَ أَوَّلُ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ هَبَّتِ الرِّيحُ مِنْ تَحْتِ الْعَرْشِ فَصَفَقَتْ وَرَقَ الْجَنَّةِ فَتَنْظُرُ حُورُ الْعِينِ إِلَى ذَلِكَ فَيَقُلْنَ يَا رَبِّ اجْعَلْ لَنَا مِنْ عِبَادِكَ فِي هَذَا الشَّهْرِ أَزْوَاجاً تَقَرُّ بِهِمْ أَعْيُنُنَا وَ تَقَرُّ أَعْيُنُهُمْ بِنَا
He-saww said: ‘The Paradise is adorned for Ramazan, from the year to the year. Whenever it was the first night of Ramazan, the wind blows from beneath the Throne and rustles the leaves of the Paradise, so the Maiden Houries look out to that. They said, ‘O Lord-azwj, Make a pair for us from Your-azwj servants in this month, our eyes can be delighted with them and their eyes can be delighted with us!’
فَمَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ صَامَ رَمَضَانَ إِلَّا زَوَّجَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مِنْ حُورِ الْعَيْنِ فِي خَيْمَةٍ مِنْ دُرَّةٍ مُجَوَّفَةٍ كَمَا نَعَتَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ حُورٌ مَقْصُوراتٌ فِي الْخِيامِ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُنَّ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ حُلَّةٍ لَيْسَتْ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْهَا عَلَى لَوْنِ الْأُخْرَى وَ يُعْطَى سَبْعِينَ أَلْفاً مِنَ الطِّيبِ لَيْسَ مِنْهَا طِيبٌ عَلَى لَوْنِ آخَرَ
There is none from a servant who fasts Ramazan except Allah-azwj the Exalted will get him married to the Maiden Houries in a pavilion hollowed out of gems, just as Allah-azwj the Glorious has Described in His-azwj Book: Houries restrained in the pavilions [55:72]. Upon each one of them are seventy thousand garments. There isn’t one of these being upon a type of the other one, and he would be given seventy thousand from the perfumes, there isn’t one of these perfumes upon a type of the others.
وَ كُلُّ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْهُنَّ عَلَى سَرِيرٍ مِنْ يَاقُوتَةٍ حَمْرَاءَ مُتَوَشِّحَةٍ مِنْ دُرٍّ عَلَيْهَا سَبْعُونَ فِرَاشاً بَطَائِنُهَا مِنْ إِسْتَبْرَقٍ وَ فَوْقَ سَبْعِينَ سَبْعُونَ أَرِيكَةً لِكُلِّ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْهُنَّ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ وَصِيفَةٍ بِيَدِ كُلِّ وَصِيفَةٍ مِنْهُنَّ صَفْحَةٌ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ فِيهَا لَوْنٌ مِنْ طَعَامٍ
And each woman from them would be upon a throne of red sapphire intertwined from gems. Upon these are seventy beds, their interior is from brocade, and above seventy are seventy pillows. For each woman from them are seventy thousand butlers. In the hand of each butler of there is a tray of gold wherein a variety of food.
هَذَا لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ صَامَهُ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ سِوَى مَا عَمِلَ مِنْ حَسَنَاتٍ.
This is for each day he fasts from a month of Ramazan, besides what he has done from the good deeds’’.[278]
13- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الرُّويَانِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ الزَّاهِدِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا حَضَرَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ مَا ذَا تَسْتَقْبِلُونَ وَ مَا ذَا يَسْتَقْبِلُكُمْ قَالَهَا ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ
And from him, from Abdul Jabbar Bin Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Rowbany, from Abdul Wahid Bin Muhammad Bin Sallam, from Ismail Bin Al Zahid, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Muslim Bin Ibrahim, from Amro Bin Hamza, from Abu Al Rabie, from Anas Bin Malik (well known fabricator) who said,
‘When a month of Ramazan presented, the Prophet-saww said: ‘Glory be to Allah-azwj! What are you facing, and what is facing you all?’ – saying it three times.
فَقَالَ عُمَرُ وَحْيٌ نَزَلَ أَوْ عَدُوٌّ حَضَرَ
Umar said, ‘Either a Revelation has descended or an enemy is presenting?’
قَالَ لَا وَ لَكِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَغْفِرُ فِي أَوَّلِ رَمَضَانَ لِكُلِّ أَهْلِ هَذِهِ الْقِبْلَةِ
He-saww said: ‘No, but Allah-azwj the Exalted Forgives in the beginning of Ramazan for every people of this Qiblah!’
قَالَ وَ رَجُلٌ فِي نَاحِيَةِ الْقَوْمِ يَهُزُّ رَأْسَهُ وَ يَقُولُ بَخْ بَخْ
He (the narrator) said, ‘And a man in a corner of the group shook his head and said, ‘Congratulations! Congratulations!’
فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص كَأَنَّكَ ضَاقَ صَدْرُكَ مِمَّا سَمِعْتَ
The Prophet-saww said: ‘It is as if your chest is constricted from what you heard!’
فَقَالَ لَا وَ اللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص وَ لَكِنْ ذَكَرْتُ الْمُنَافِقِينَ
He said, ‘No, by Allah-azwj, O Rasool-Allah-saww! but I remembered the hypocrites’.
فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص الْمُنَافِقُ كَافِرٌ وَ لَيْسَ لِكَافِرٍ فِي ذَا شَيْءٌ.
The Prophet-saww said: ‘The hypocrite is a Kafir, and there isn’t anything for a Kafir in that!’’[279]
وَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ وَرْدَانَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ يَقُولُ ارْتَقَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ دَرَجَةً فَقَالَ آمِينَ ثُمَّ ارْتَقَى الثَّانِيَةَ فَقَالَ آمِينَ ثُمَّ ارْتَقَى الثَّالِثَةَ فَقَالَ آمِينَ ثُمَّ اسْتَوَى فَجَلَسَ
And by this chain, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Ismail Bin Is’haq, from Abdullah Bin Maslama, from Salama Bin Wardan who said, ‘I heard Anas Bin Malik (well-known fabricator) saying,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww climbed a step upon the pulpit. He-saww said: ‘Ameen!’ Then he-saww climbed the second. He-saww said: ‘Ameen!’ Then he-saww climbed the third. He-saww said: ‘Ameen!’ Then he-saww sat evenly.
فَقَالَ أَصْحَابُهُ عَلَى مَا أَمَّنْتَ
His-saww companions said, ‘Upon what did you-saww say: ‘Ameen’?’
فَقَالَ أَتَانِي جَبْرَئِيلُ فَقَالَ رَغِمَ أَنْفُ امْرِئٍ ذُكِرْتَ عِنْدَهُ فَلَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَيْكَ فَقُلْتُ آمِينَ
He-saww said: ‘Jibraeel-as came to me-saww. He-as said: ‘May the nose (pride) be rubbed of a person you-saww are mentioned in his presence but he does not send Salawaat upon you-saww!’, so I-saww said: ‘Ameen!’
فَقَالَ رَغِمَ أَنْفُ امْرِئٍ أَدْرَكَ أَبَوَيْهِ فَلَمْ يَدْخُلِ الْجَنَّةَ فَقُلْتُ آمِينَ
He-as said: ‘May the nose be rubbed of a person who had come across his parents but does not enter the Paradise!’, so I-saww said: ‘Ameen!’
فَقَالَ رَغِمَ أَنْفُ امْرِئٍ أَدْرَكَ رَمَضَانَ فَلَمْ يُغْفَرْ لَهُ فَقُلْتُ آمِينَ.
He-as said: ‘May the nose be rubbed of a person whom comes across Ramazan but (his sins) are not Forgiven for him!’, so I-saww said: ‘Ameen!’’[280]
14- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنِ الْحَاكِمِ أَبِي الْفَضْلِ التِّرْمِذِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ حَمْزَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا اسْتَهَلَّ رَمَضَانُ غُلِّقَتْ أَبْوَابُ النَّارِ وَ فُتِّحَتْ أَبْوَابُ الْجِنَانِ وَ صُفِّدَتِ الشَّيَاطِينُ.
And from him, from Abdul Jabbar Bin Ahmad, from Al Hakim Abu Al Fazl Al Tirmizi, from Abdullah Bin Salih, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Ismail Bin Is’haq, from Ibrahim Bin Hamza, from Abdul Aziz Bin Muhammad Bin Suheyl Bin Malik, from his father, from Abu Hureyra (well-known fabricator) who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘When Ramazan starts, doors of the Hellfire are closed and doors of the Gardens are opened, and the Satans-la are bound’’.[281]
15- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ هِشَامٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نَصْرٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْهَيْثَمِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْأَزْهَرِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا كَانَ أَوَّلُ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ نَادَى الْجَلِيلُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى رِضْوَانَ خَازِنَ الْجَنَّةِ فَيَقُولُ يَا رِضْوَانُ
And from him, from Abdul Wahid Bin Ali Bin Al Husayn, from Abdul Wahid Bin Muhammad, from Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Ahmad Bin Imran Bin Musa, from Ahmad Bin Hisham, from Muhammad Bin Nasr, from Ali Bin Al Haysam, from Amro Bin Al Azhar, from Aban Bin Abu Ayyash, from Anas Bin Malik (well-known fabricator) who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Whenever it was the first night of a month of Ramazan, the Majestic Blessed and Exalted Calls out to Rizwaan, the keeper of Paradise. He-azwj Says: “O Rizwaan!”
فَيَقُولُ لَبَّيْكَ رَبِّي وَ سَعْدَيْكَ
He said, ‘At Your-azwj service and Your-azwj assistance!’
فَيَقُولُ نَجِّدْ جَنَّتِي وَ زَيِّنْهَا لِلصَّائِمِينَ مِنْ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص وَ لَا تُغْلِقْهَا عَنْهُمْ حَتَّى يَنْقَضِيَ شَهْرُهُمْ
He-azwj Says: “Prepare My-azwj Paradise and adorn it for the fasting ones from the community of Muhammad-saww and do not close it from them until they fulfil their month!”
قَالَ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ يَا مَالِكُ
He-saww said, ‘Then He-azwj Says: “O Maalik!”
فَيَقُولُ لَبَّيْكَ رَبِّي وَ سَعْدَيْكَ
He said, ‘At Your-azwj service and Your-azwj assistance!’
فَيَقُولُ أَغْلِقِ الْجَحِيمَ عَنِ الصَّائِمِينَ مِنْ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص وَ لَا تَفْتَحْهَا عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى يَنْقَضِيَ شَهْرُهُمْ
He-azwj Says: “Close the boiling water from the fasting ones from the community of Muhammad and do not open it to them until they fulfil their month!”
ثُمَّ يَقُولُ لِجَبْرَئِيلَ يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ
Then He-azwj Says to Jibraeel-as: “O Jibraeel-as!”
فَيَقُولُ لَبَّيْكَ رَبِّي وَ سَعْدَيْكَ
He-as says: ‘At Your-azwj service and Your-azwj assistance!’
فَيَقُولُ انْزِلْ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ فَغُلَّ فِيهَا مَرَدَةَ الشَّيَاطِينِ حَتَّى لَا يُفْسِدُوا عَلَى عِبَادِي صَوْمَهُمْ
He-azwj Says: “Descend to the earth and lock up in it the renegade Satans-la until they do not spoil upon My-azwj servants, their fasts!”
وَ لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى مَلَكٌ فِي السَّمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا يُقَالُ لَهُ دردريا [درديائيل] فَرَائِصُهُ تَحْتَ الْعَرْشِ وَ لَهُ جَنَاحَانِ جَنَاحٌ مُكَلَّلٌ بِالْيَاقُوتِ وَ الْآخَرُ بِالدُّرِّ قَدْ جَاوَزَ الْمَشْرِقَ وَ الْمَغْرِبَ يُنَادِي الشَّهْرَ كُلَّهُ يَا بَاغِيَ الْخَيْرِ هَلُمَّ وَ يَا بَاغِيَ الشَّرِّ أَقْصِرْ هَلْ مِنْ سَائِلٍ فَيُعْطَى سُؤْلَهُ وَ هَلْ مِنْ دَاعٍ فَيُسْتَجَابَ دَعْوَتُهُ هَلْ مِنْ تَائِبٍ فَيُتَابَ عَلَيْهِ
And from Allah-azwj the Exalted there is an Angel in the sky of the world called Dardayaeel. His limbs are beneath the Throne, and there are two wings for him, a wing embedded with the sapphire and the other with the gems, spanning the east and the west. He-as calls out the whole month: ‘O seeker of good, come!’ and ‘O seeker of ever, cut short! Is there any requester so he can be Granted his request? And is there any supplicater so his supplication can be Answered? Is there any repentant so He-azwj can Turn to him?’
وَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ الشَّهْرَ كُلَّهُ هَلْ مِنْ تَائِبٍ فَيُتَابَ عَلَيْهِ هَلْ مِنْ مُسْتَغْفِرٍ فَيُغْفَرَ لَهُ وَ يَقُولُ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ عِبَادِي اصْبِرُوا وَ أَبْشِرُوا فَتُوشِكُوا أَنْ تَنْقَلِبُوا إِلَى رَحْمَتِي وَ كَرَامَتِي
And Allah-azwj the Exalted Says in the whole month, is there any repentant so He-azwj can Turn to him, and is there any seeker of Forgiveness so He-azwj can Forgive for him, and He-azwj, Majestic and Mighty, Says: “My-azwj servant! Be patient and receive glad tidings, for soon you will be transferring to My-azwj Mercy and My-azwj Prestige!”
قَالَ فَلِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عُتَقَاءُ عِنْدَ كُلِّ فِطْرٍ رِجَالٌ وَ نِسَاءٌ.
He-saww said: ‘For Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic there are liberations (from the Hellfire) at every breaking of the fast, of men and women’’.[282]
وَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ أَبِي هِشَامٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أُعْطِيَتْ أُمَّتِي فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ خَمْسَ خِصَالٍ لَمْ يُعْطَهَا أَحَدٌ قَبْلَهُنَّ خُلُوفُ فَمِ الصَّائِمِ أَطْيَبُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ رِيحِ الْمِسْكِ وَ تَسْتَغْفِرُ لَهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ حَتَّى يُفْطِرَ وَ تُصَفَّدُ فِيهِ مَرَدَةُ الشَّيَاطِينِ فَلَا يَصِلُوا فِيهِ إِلَى مَا كَانُوا يَصِلُونَ فِي غَيْرِهِ
And by this chain, from Ahmad Bin Imran Bin Musa, from Ahmad Bin Hashim, from Ahmad Bin Abdullah Bin Abu Nasr, from Yazeed Bin Haroun, from Hisham Bin Abu Hisham, from Muhammad Bin Muhammad, from Abu Salama, from Abu Hureyra (well known fabricator) who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘My-saww community is Given five characteristics during a month of Ramazan, no one before it has been Given: – Breath of the mouth of a fasting one is more aromatic in the Presence of Allah-azwj aroma of the musk, and the Angels seek Forgiveness for him until he breaks, and the renegade Satans-la are bound during it so they-la are not arriving during it to what they had been arriving to in other (months).
وَ يُزَيِّنُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِيهِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ جَنَّتَهُ وَ يَقُولُ يُوشِكُ عِبَادِيَ الصَّالِحُونَ أَنْ يُلْقُوا عَنْهُمُ الْمَئُونَةَ وَ الْأَذَى وَ يَصِيرُوا إِلَيْكِ وَ يَغْفِرُ لَهُمْ فِي آخِرِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْهُ
And during it, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Adorns His-azwj Paradise and Says: “Soon My-azwj righteous servants will be casting away from them the hardship and the harm and they will be coming to you!”, and He-azwj Forgives (sins) for them in the last night from it’.
قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أي [أَ هِيَ] لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ
It was said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! Is it Laylat Al-Qadr?’
قَالَ لَا وَ لَكِنَّ الْعَامِلَ إِنَّمَا يُوَفَّى أَجْرَهُ إِذَا انْقَضَى عَمَلُهُ.
He-saww said: ‘No, but the worker rather is Given his full Recompense when he completes his work’’.[283]
16- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ [كَذَا] عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يُونُسَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ أَدْرَكَ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ بِمَكَّةَ مِنْ أَوَّلِهِ إِلَى آخِرِهِ صِيَامَهُ وَ قِيَامَهُ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ مِائَةَ أَلْفِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فِي غَيْرِ مَكَّةَ وَ كَانَ لَهُ بِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مَغْفِرَةٌ وَ شَفَاعَةٌ وَ بِكُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ مَغْفِرَةٌ وَ شَفَاعَةٌ وَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ حُمْلَانُ فَرَسٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَ بِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ دَعْوَةٌ مُسْتَجَابَةٌ
And from him, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ahmad Bin Yunus, from Abu Abdullah, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Yahya Bin Abu Umar, from Abdul Raheem Bin Zayd Bin Aslam, from his father, from Saeed Bin Jubeyr, from Abu Ayyash who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘One who comes across a month of Ramazan at Makkah, from its beginning to its end, its fasts and its standing (in Salat), Allah-azwj will Write for him one hundred thousand months of Ramazan in other than Makkah, and there will be Forgiveness and intercession for him with every day, and with every night Forgiveness and intercession, and every day a loading of a horse in the way of Allah-azwj, and with every day an Answered supplication.
وَ كَتَبَ لَهُ بِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ عِتْقَ رَقَبَةٍ وَ كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ عِتْقَ رَقَبَةٍ وَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ حَسَنَةً وَ كُلِّ لَيْلٍ حَسَنَةً وَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ دَرَجَةً وَ كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ دَرَجَةً.
And He-azwj will Write for him liberation of a neck with every day, and a liberation of a neck every night, and a good deed every day and a good deed every night, and rank every day and a rank every night’’.[284]
17- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الْوَرَّاقِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نُعَيْمِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ وَ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ رَاهَوَيْهِ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ شُمَيْلٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ شيبا [شَيْبَانَ] عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ ذَكَرَ رَمَضَانَ فَفَضَّلَهُ بِمَا فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى سَائِرِ الشُّهُورِ قَالَ شَهْرٌ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ صِيَامَهُ وَ سَنَّ قِيَامَهُ فَمَنْ صَامَهُ وَ قَامَهُ إِيمَاناً وَ احْتِسَاباً خَرَجَ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ كَيَوْمَ وَلَدَتْهُ أُمُّهُ.
And from him, from Ali Bin Al Husayn Al Warraq, from Abdullah Bin Ja’far, from Muhammad Bin Abu Nueym Bin Ali, and Abu Is’haw Bin Isa, from Muhammad Bin Al Fazl Bin Hatim, from Is’haq Bin Rhawiya, from Al Nazr Bin Shumeyl, from Al Qasim Bin Al Fazl, from Al Nazr Bin Shayba, from Abu Salama, from Abdul Rahama, from his father who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said, and he-saww mentioned Ramazan and merited it with what Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic had Merited it over rest of the months. He-saww said: ‘A month Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Obligated its fasts, and Enacted its standing (for Salat). So, the one who fasts it and establishes it (the Salat), believing and in anticipation, he will come out from his sins to be like the day his mother had given him birth’’.[285]
18- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ الْوَرَّاقِ عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ هَدِيَّةَ عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ جُذْعَانَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مُسَيَّبٍ عَنْ سَلْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: خَطَبَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فِي آخِرِ يَوْمٍ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ فَقَالَ قَدْ أَظَلَّكُمْ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ شَهْرٌ مُبَارَكٌ شَهْرٌ فِيهِ لَيْلَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى صِيَامَهُ فَرِيضَةً وَ قِيَامَهُ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ طَوْعاً
And from him, from Abu Al Qasim Al Warraq, from Abu Muhammad, from Umar Bin Ahmad, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Saeed, from Hadiya, from Hammam Bin Yahya, from Ali Bin Zayd Bin Juz’an, from Saeed Bin Musayyib,
‘From Salman-ra, may Allah-azwj be Satisfied with him-ra, said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww addressed us during the last day of Shaban. He-saww said: ‘A month of Ramazan is shading you all, a Blessed month, and month in it there is a night better than a thousand months, a month Allah-azwj the Exalted has Made its fasts as an obligation, and its standing (for Salat) for the Sake of Allah‑azwj Mighty and Majestic voluntarily!
مَنْ تَقَرَّبَ فِيهِ بِخَصْلَةٍ مِنْ خَيْرٍ كَانَ كَمَنْ أَدَّى فَرِيضَةً فِيمَا سِوَاهُ وَ مَنْ أَدَّى فِيهِ فَرِيضَةً كَانَ كَمَنْ أَدَّى سَبْعِينَ فَرِيضَةً فِيمَا سِوَاهُ وَ هُوَ شَهْرُ الصَّبْرِ وَ الصَّبْرُ ثَوَابُهُ الْجَنَّةُ وَ شَهْرُ الْمُوَاسَاةِ شَهْرٌ أَوَّلُهُ رَحْمَةٌ وَ أَوْسَطُهُ مَغْفِرَةٌ وَ آخِرُهُ عِتْقٌ مِنَ النَّارِ.
One who draws closer in it with a characteristic of goodness would be like the one having fulfilled an obligation in what (months are) besides it, and one who fulfils an obligation in it would be like the on having fulfilled seventy obligation in what (months are) besides it, and it is the month of patience, and the patience, its Reward is the Paradise, and (it is) a month of consolation, a months its beginning is Mercy and its middle is Forgiveness and its end is liberation from the Hellfire!’’ [286]
وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا كَانَ أَوَّلُ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ نَادَى الْجَلِيلُ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ رِضْوَانَ خَازِنَ الْجَنَّةِ فَيَقُولُ لَبَّيْكَ وَ سَعْدَيْكَ
And Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Whenever it was the first night of a month of Ramazan, the Sublime, Majestic is His-azwj Majesty, Calls out to Rizwaan, the keeper of Paradise. He says, ‘At Your-azwj service and assistance!’
فَيَقُولُ نَجِّدْ جَنَّتِي وَ زَيِّنْهَا لِلصَّائِمِينَ مِنْ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص وَ لَا تُغْلِقْهَا عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى يَنْقَضِيَ شَهْرُهُمْ
He-azwj Says: “Prepare My-azwj Paradise and Adorn it for the fasting ones from the community of Muhammad-saww and do not close it to them until they have fulfilled their month!”
ثُمَّ يُنَادِي مَالِكاً خَازِنَ النَّارِ يَا مَالِكُ
Then He-azwj Calls out to Maalik, keeper of the Hellfire: “O Maalik!”
فَيَقُولُ لَبَّيْكَ وَ سَعْدَيْكَ
He says, ‘At Your-azwj service and assistance!’
فَيَقُولُ أَغْلِقْ أَبْوَابَ جَهَنَّمَ عَنِ الصَّائِمِينَ مِنْ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص ثُمَّ لَا تَفْتَحُهَا حَتَّى يَنْقَضِيَ شَهْرُهُمْ
He-azwj Says: “Close the doors of Hell from the fasting ones from the community of Muhammad-saww, then do not open these until they have fulfilled their month!”
ثُمَّ يُنَادِي يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ
Then He-azwj Calls out: “O Jibraeel-as!”
فَيَقُولُ لَبَّيْكَ وَ سَعْدَيْكَ
He-as says, ‘At Your-azwj service and assistance!’
فَيَقُولُ انْزِلْ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ فَغُلَّ مَرَدَةَ الشَّيَاطِينِ عَنْ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص لَا يُفْسِدُوا عَلَيْهِمْ صِيَامَهُمْ وَ إِيمَانَهُمْ.
He-azwj Says: “Descend to the earth and shackle the renegade Satans-la from the community of Muhammad-azwj (so) they will not be spoiling upon them their fasts and the Eman!”’[287]
19- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنِ الْوَرَّاقِ عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ [عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ كَذَا] عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ عَنِ الْمَسْعُودِيِّ يَقُولُ مَنْ قَرَأَ أَوَّلَ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِنَّا فَتَحْنا لَكَ فَتْحاً مُبِيناً حُفِظَ إِلَى مِثْلِهَا مِنْ قَابِلٍ.
And from him, from Al Warraq, from Abu Muhammad, from Is’haq Bin Isa, from Al Husayn Bin Ali, from Ismail Bin Saeed, from Yazeed Bin Haroun,
‘From Al-Masoudy, he said, ‘One who reads in the first night of a month of Ramazan Surah Al Fat’h will be protected up to its similar of the following year’’.[288] (not a Hadeeth)
20- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنِ الْوَرَّاقِ عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عِمَادِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْعَلَاءِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص قَالَ: إِذَا كَانَ أَوَّلُ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ صُفِّدَتِ الشَّيَاطِينُ وَ مَرَدَةُ الْجِنِّ وَ غُلِّقَتْ أَبْوَابُ النَّارِ فَلَمْ يُفْتَحْ مِنْهَا بَابٌ وَ فُتِّحَتْ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ فَلَمْ يُغْلَقْ مِنْهَا بَابٌ وَ يُنَادِي مُنَادٍ يَا بَاغِيَ الْخَيْرِ أَقْبِلْ وَ يَا بَاغِيَ الشَّرِّ أَقْصِرْ وَ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عُتَقَاءُ مِنَ النَّارِ وَ ذَلِكَ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ.
And from him, from Al Warraq, from Abu Muhammad, from Imad Bin Ahmad, from Al Husayn Bin Ali, from Muhammad Bin Al A’ala, from Abu Bakr Bin Ayyash, from Al Amsh, from Abu Salih, from Abu Hueyra (well known fabricator),
‘From the Prophet-saww having said: ‘Whenever it was the first night of Ramazan, the Satans-la and the renegade Jinn are bound, and the doors of Hellfire are locked. No door from it is opened, while doors of the sky are opened and no door from it is locked, and a caller calls out: ‘O the seeker of good, come!’, and ‘O the seeker of evil, cut short!’, and for Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic there are liberations from the Hellfire, and that is every night’’.[289]
21- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنِ الْوَرَّاقِ عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ عَنِ السَّرِيِّ السَّقْطِيِّ يَقُولُ السَّنَةُ شَجَرَةٌ وَ الشُّهُورُ فُرُوعُهَا وَ الْأَيَّامُ أَغْصَانُهَا وَ السَّاعَاتُ أَوْرَاقُهَا وَ أَنْفَاسُ الْعِبَادِ ثَمَرَتُهَا فَشَعْبَانُ أَيَّامُ ثَمَرَتِهَا وَ رَمَضَانُ أَيَّامُ قِطَافِهَا وَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ قُطَّافُهَا.
And from him, from Al Warraq, from Abu Muhammad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Abdullah, from Abu Bakr, from Al Sary Al Saqaty who said,
‘The year is a tree, and the months are its branches, and the days are its twigs, and the hours are its leaves, and breaking of the servants are its fruits. Shaban, days are its fruits, and Ramazan days are its harvest, and the Momineen are its harvesters’’.[290]
22- وَ مِنْهُ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَلِيِّ بْنِ بَشَّارٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ هَارُونَ عَنْ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ هَاشِمِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ شَيْخٍ يُكَنَّى أَبَا الْحُسَيْنِ عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا كَانَتْ لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ يَأْمُرُ اللَّهُ جَبْرَئِيلَ فَيَهْبِطُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ فِي كَبْكَبَةٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَ مَعَهُ لِوَاءُ الْحَمْدِ أَخْضَرَ فَيَرْكُزُ اللِّوَاءَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ الْكَعْبَةِ
And from him, from Ali, from Abu Muhammad Bin Abdullah, from Abu Ali Bin Bashar, from Ali Bin Muhammad, from Haroun, from Abu Al Qasim Bin Al Hakam, from Hashim Bin Al Waleed, from Hammad Bin Suleyman, from Sheykh teknonymed as Abu Al Husayn, from Al Zahhak, from Ibn Abbas who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Whenever it was Laylat Al-Qadr, Allah-azwj Commands Jibraeel-as so he‑as descends to the earth among a battalion of Angels and with him-as is the ‘Flag of Praise’, green. He-as installs the flag upon the back of the Kabah.
وَ لَهُ سِتُّمِائَةِ جَنَاحٍ مِنْهَا جَنَاحَانِ لَا يَنْشُرُهُمَا إِلَّا فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ فَيَنْشُرُهُمَا تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ فَيُجَاوِزَانِ الْمَشْرِقَ وَ الْمَغْرِبَ وَ يَبُثُّ جَبْرَئِيلُ الْمَلَائِكَةَ فِي هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ فَيُسَلِّمُونَ عَلَى كُلِّ قَاعِدٍ وَ قَائِمٍ وَ ذَاكِرٍ وَ مُصَلٍّ وَ يُصَافِحُونَهُمْ وَ يُؤَمِّنُونَ عَلَى دُعَائِهِمْ حَتَّى يَطْلُعَ الْفَجْرُ.
And for him-as there are six hundred wings. From these there are two wings he-as does not spread except during Laylat Al-Qadr. So, he-as spreads these during that night and they exceed the east and the west, and Jibraeel-as dispatches the Angels during this night, so they greet upon every sitting one and standing one, and one doing Zikr, and a praying one, and they shake their hands and say, ‘Ameen’ upon their supplication until the emergence of dawn’’.[291]
23- ثو، ثواب الأعمال لي، الأمالي للصدوق مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمُعَاذِيُّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَيَّوَيْهِ الْجُرْجَانِيِّ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَرَّامٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ مَا لِمَنْ صَامَ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ وَ عَرَفَ حَقَّهُ
(The books) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’, (and) ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – Muhammad Bin Ibrahim Al Muazy, from Ahmad Bin Hayaway Al Jurjany, from Ibrahim Bin Bilal, from Abu Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Karram, from Ahmad Bin Abdullah, from Sufyan Bin Uyayna, from Muawiya Bin Abu Is’haq, from Saeed Bin Jubeyr who said,
‘I asked Ibn Abbas, ‘What is for one who fasts a month of Ramazan and recognises its right?’
قَالَ تَهَيَّأْ يَا ابْنَ جُبَيْرٍ حَتَّى أُحَدِّثَكَ بِمَا لَمْ تَسْمَعْ أُذُنَاكَ وَ لَمْ يَمُرَّ عَلَى قَلْبِكَ وَ فَرِّغْ نَفْسَكَ لِمَا سَأَلْتَنِي عَنْهُ فَمَا أَرَدْتَهُ فَهُوَ عِلْمُ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَ الْآخِرِينَ
He said, ‘Get ready O Ibn Jubeyr until I narrate to you with what your ears have not heard and it has not passed upon your heart, and free yourself for what you have asked me about, for what you want is knowledge of the former ones and the latter ones!’
قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ فَخَرَجْتُ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ فَتَهَيَّأْتُ لَهُ مِنَ الْغَدِ فَبَكَّرْتُ إِلَيْهِ مَعَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ فَصَلَّيْتُ الْفَجْرَ ثُمَّ ذَكَرْتُ الْحَدِيثَ
Saeed Bin Jubeyr said, ‘I went out from his presence and prepared for it from the next morning. I went to him early morning at the emergence of dawn. I prayed Al Fajr Salat, then I mentioned the Hadeeth.
فَحَوَّلَ وَجْهَهُ إِلَيَّ فَقَالَ اسْمَعْ مِنِّي مَا أَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص يَقُولُ لَوْ عَلِمْتُمْ مَا لَكُمْ فِي رَمَضَانَ لَزِدْتُمْ لِلَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى شُكْراً
He turned his face towards me. He said, ‘Listen from me what I am saying! I heard Rasool-Allah-saww saying: ‘If you had known what is for you all in Ramazan, you would have increased thanking to Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted.
إِذَا كَانَ أَوَّلُ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْهُ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِأُمَّتِيَ الذُّنُوبَ كُلَّهَا سِرَّهَا وَ عَلَانِيَتَهَا وَ رَفَعَ لَكُمْ أَلْفَيْ أَلْفِ دَرَجَةٍ وَ بَنَى لَكُمْ خَمْسِينَ مَدِينَةً
Whenever it was the first night from it, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Forgives sins for my-saww community, all of them, their secretive and their openly (committed), and Raises for you a million ranks, and Builds for you fifty cities!
وَ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَكُمْ يَوْمَ الثَّانِي بِكُلِّ خُطْوَةٍ تَخْطُونَهَا فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ عِبَادَةَ سَنَةٍ وَ ثَوَابَ نَبِيٍّ وَ كَتَبَ لَكُمْ صَوْمَ سَنَةٍ
And Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Writes for you on the second day, with every step you take during that day, worship of a year, and Rewards of a Prophet-as, and Writes for you fasts of a year!
وَ أَعْطَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَوْمَ الثَّالِثِ بِكُلِّ شَعْرَةٍ عَلَى أَبْدَانِكُمْ قُبَّةً فِي الْفِرْدَوْسِ مِنْ دُرَّةٍ بَيْضَاءَ فِي أَعْلَاهَا اثْنَا عَشَرَ أَلْفَ بَيْتٍ مِنَ النُّورِ وَ فِي أَسْفَلِهَا اثْنَا عَشَرَ أَلْفَ بَيْتٍ فِي كُلِّ بَيْتٍ أَلْفُ سَرِيرٍ عَلَى كُلِّ سَرِيرٍ حَوْرَاءُ يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْكُمْ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ أَلْفُ مَلَكٍ مَعَ كُلِّ مَلَكٍ هَدِيَّةٌ
And on the third days Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Grants you, for every hair on your bodies, a dome of white gems in Al Firdows, in its top place twelve thousand houses of light, and its bottom part twelve thousand houses. In each house there are a thousand beds, upon each bed there is a Hourie. A thousand Angels will enter to see you every day, with every Angel would be a gift.
وَ أَعْطَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَوْمَ الرَّابِعِ فِي جَنَّةِ الْخُلْدِ سَبْعِينَ أَلْفَ قَصْرٍ فِي كُلِّ قَصْرٍ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ بَيْتٍ فِي كُلِّ بَيْتِ خَمْسُونَ أَلْفَ سَرِيرٍ عَلَى كُلِّ سَرِيرٍ حَوْرَاءُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ كُلِّ حَوْرَاءَ أَلْفُ وَصِيفَةٍ خِمَارُ إِحْدَاهُنَّ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا وَ مَا فِيهَا
And on the day fourth day Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Grants you in the eternal Garden seventy thousand castles, in each castle being seventy thousand houses, in each house fifty thousand beds, upon each bed there is a Hourie, in front of each Hourie are a thousand maids. A scarf of one of them is better than the world and whatever is in it.
وَ أَعْطَاكُمُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ الْخَامِسِ فِي جَنَّةِ الْمَأْوَى أَلْفَ أَلْفِ مَدِينَةٍ فِي كُلِّ مَدِينَةٍ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ بَيْتٍ وَ فِي كُلِّ بَيْتٍ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ مَائِدَةٍ عَلَى كُلِّ مَائِدَةٍ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ قَصْعَةٍ فِي كُلِّ قَصْعَةٍ سِتُّونَ أَلْفَ لَوْنٍ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ لَا يُشْبِهُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضاً
And on the fifth day Allah-azwj Grants you in the Garden of Al Mawa a million cities, in each city there are seventy thousand houses, and in every house there are seventy thousand tables, upon every table there are seventy thousand baskets, in each basket there are sixty thousand types of foods not resembling each other.
وَ أَعْطَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَوْمَ السَّادِسِ فِي دَارِ السَّلَامِ مِائَةَ أَلْفِ مَدِينَةٍ فِي كُلِّ مَدِينَةٍ مِائَةُ أَلْفِ دَارٍ فِي كُلِّ دَارٍ مِائَةُ أَلْفِ بَيْتٍ فِي كُلِّ بَيْتٍ مِائَةُ أَلْفِ سَرِيرٍ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ طُولُ كُلِّ سَرِيرٍ أَلْفُ ذِرَاعٍ عَلَى كُلِّ سَرِيرٍ زَوْجَةٌ مِنَ الْحُورِ الْعِينِ عَلَيْهَا ثَلَاثُونَ أَلْفَ ذُؤَابَةٍ مَنْسُوجَةٍ بِالدُّرِّ وَ الْيَاقُوتِ تَحْمِلُ كُلَّ ذُؤَابَةٍ مِائَةُ جَارِيَةٍ
And on the sixth day Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Grants you in the House of Peace one hundred thousand cities, in each city being a hundred thousand houses, in every house there are a one hundred thousand rooms, in each room there are a hundred thousand beds of gold, the length of each bed is of a thousand cubits, upon each bed is a wife from the Maiden Houries, upon her are thirty thousand braids interlocked with the gems and sapphire. Each braid is carried by one hundred maids.
وَ أَعْطَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَوْمَ السَّابِعِ فِي جَنَّةِ النَّعِيمِ ثَوَابَ أَرْبَعِينَ أَلْفَ شَهِيدٍ وَ أَرْبَعِينَ أَلْفَ صِدِّيقٍ
And on the seventh day Allah-azwj Grants you in the Garden of bounties, Rewards of forty thousand martyrs and forty thousand truthful ones.
وَ أَعْطَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَوْمَ الثَّامِنِ عَمَلَ سِتِّينَ أَلْفَ عَابِدٍ وَ سِتِّينَ أَلْفَ زَاهِدٍ
And on the eighth day Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Grants you the deeds of sixty thousand worshippers and sixty thousand ascetics.
وَ أَعْطَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَوْمَ التَّاسِعِ مَا يُعْطِي أَلْفَ عَالِمٍ وَ أَلْفَ مُعْتَكِفٍ وَ أَلْفَ مُرَابِطٍ
And on the ninth day, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Grants you what He-azwj Gives a scholar and a thousand secluding ones (doing Itikaaf), and a thousand defenders of the faith.
وَ أَعْطَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَوْمَ الْعَاشِرِ قَضَاءَ سَبْعِينَ أَلْفَ حَاجَةٍ وَ يَسْتَغْفِرُ لَكُمُ الشَّمْسُ وَ الْقَمَرُ وَ النُّجُومُ وَ الدَّوَابُّ وَ الطَّيْرُ وَ السِّبَاعُ وَ كُلُّ حَجَرٍ وَ مَدَرٍ وَ كُلُّ رَطْبٍ وَ يَابِسٍ وَ الْحِيتَانُ فِي الْبِحَارِ وَ الْأَوْرَاقُ فِي الْأَشْجَارِ
And Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Grants you fulfilment of seventy thousand needs and they seek Forgiveness for you, the sun, and the moon, and the stars, and the animals and the birds, and the predators, and every stone and mud, and every wet and dry, and the fishes in the sea, and the leaves in the trees.
وَ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَكُمْ يَوْمَ أَحَدَ عَشَرَ ثَوَابَ أَرْبَعِ حَجَّاتٍ وَ عُمُرَاتٍ كُلُّ حَجَّةٍ مَعَ نَبِيٍّ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَ كُلُّ عُمْرَةٍ مَعَ صِدِّيقٍ أَوْ شَهِيدٍ
And on the eleventh day Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Writes for you Rewards of four Hajj and Umrah, each Hajj being with a Prophet-as from the Prophets-as, and every Umrah with a truthful or a martyr.
وَ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَكُمْ يَوْمَ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَنْ يُبَدِّلَ اللَّهُ سَيِّئَاتِكُمْ حَسَنَاتٍ وَ يَجْعَلَ حَسَنَاتِكُمْ أَضْعَافاً وَ يَكْتُبَ لَكُمْ بِكُلِّ حَسَنَةٍ أَلْفَ أَلْفِ حَسَنَةٍ
And on the twelfth day Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Makes for you that Allah-azwj will Replace your evil deeds into good deeds and He-azwj will Make your good deeds to be multiplied, and He-azwj will Write for you a million good deeds for every good deed.
وَ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَكُمْ يَوْمَ ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ مِثْلَ عِبَادَةِ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ وَ الْمَدِينَةِ وَ أَعْطَاكُمُ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ حَجَرٍ وَ مَدَرٍ مَا بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ وَ الْمَدِينَةِ شَفَاعَةً
And on the thirteenth day Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic will Write for you worship of the people of Makkah and Al Medina, and Allah-azwj will Give you, with every stone and mud what is between Makkah and Al Medina, intercession.
وَ يَوْمُ أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ فَكَأَنَّمَا لَقِيتُمْ آدَمَ وَ نُوحاً وَ بَعْدَهُمَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ مُوسَى وَ بَعْدَهُ دَاوُدَ وَ سُلَيْمَانَ وَ كَأَنَّمَا عَبَدْتُمُ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَعَ كُلِّ نَبِيٍّ مِائَتَيْ سَنَةٍ
And on the fourteenth day, it is as if you have met Adam-as, and Noah-as, and after them-as Ibrahim-as and Musa-as, and after him-as Dawood-as and Suleyman-as, and it is as if you have worshipped Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, two hundred years with every Prophet-as.
وَ قَضَى لَكُمْ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَوْم خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ حَوَائِجَ مِنْ حَوَائِجِ الدُّنْيَا وَ الْآخِرَةِ وَ أَعْطَاكُمُ اللَّهُ مَا يُعْطِي أَيُّوبَ وَ اسْتَغْفَرَ لَكُمْ حَمَلَةُ الْعَرْشِ وَ أَعْطَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَرْبَعِينَ نُوراً عَشَرَةً عَنْ يَمِينِكُمْ وَ عَشَرَةً عَنْ يَسَارِكُمْ وَ عَشَرَةً أَمَامَكُمْ وَ عَشَرَةً خَلْفَكُمْ
And on the fifteenth day the Mighty and Majestic will Fulfil needs from needs of the world and the Hereafter, and Allah-azwj will Grant you what He-azwj Gave Ayoub-as, and they will seek Forgiveness for you, bearers of the Throne, and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic will Give you fourteen lights on the Day of Qiyamah – ten on your right, and ten on your left, and ten in front of you, and ten behind you.
وَ أَعْطَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَوْمَ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ إِذَا خَرَجْتُمْ مِنَ الْقَبْرِ سِتِّينَ حُلَّةً تَلْبَسُونَهَا وَ نَاقَةً تَرْكَبُونَهَا وَ بَعَثَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكُمْ غَمَامَةً تُظِلُّكُمْ مِنْ حَرِّ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ
And on the sixteenth day Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic will Give you, when you exit from the grave, sixty garments you will be wearing, and a ride you will be riding, and Allah-azwj will Dispatch a cloud to you shading you from heat of that Day.
وَ يَوْمَ سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِنِّي قَدْ غَفَرْتُ لَهُمْ وَ لِآبَائِهِمْ وَ رَفَعْتُ عَنْهُمْ شَدَائِدَ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ
And on the seventeenth day Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Says: “I-azwj have hereby Forgiven (sins) for them and for their fathers, and Raised the adversities away from them on the Day of Qiyamah!”
وَ إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى جَبْرَئِيلَ وَ مِيكَائِيلَ وَ إِسْرَافِيلَ وَ حَمَلَةَ الْعَرْشِ وَ الْكَرُوبِيِّينَ أَنْ يَسْتَغْفِرُوا لِأُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص إِلَى السَّنَةِ الْقَابِلَةِ وَ أَعْطَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ثَوَابَ الْبَدْرِيِّينَ
And when it was the eighteenth day, Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Commands Jibraeel-as, and Mikaeel-as, and Israfeel-as, and bearers of the Throne, and the Cherubim to seek Forgiveness for the community up to the next year, and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic will Grant you on the Day of Qiyamah, Rewards of the two houses (world and the Hereafter).
فَإِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ التَّاسِعَ عَشَرَ لَمْ يَبْقَ مَلَكٌ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ إِلَّا اسْتَأْذَنُوا رَبَّهُمْ فِي زِيَارَةِ قُبُورِكُمْ كُلَّ يَوْم وَ مَعَ كُلِّ مَلَكٍ هَدِيَّةٌ وَ شَرَابٌ
When it was the nineteenth day there does not remain any Angels in the skies and the earth, except they will seek Permission of their Lord-azwj in visiting their graves every day, and with each Angel there is a gift and a drink.
فَإِذَا تَمَّ لَكُمْ عِشْرُونَ يَوْماً بَعَثَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْكُمْ سَبْعِينَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ يَحْفَظُونَكُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْطَانٍ رَجِيمٍ وَ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ بِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ صُمْتُمْ صَوْمَ مِائَةِ سَنَةٍ وَ جَعَلَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَ بَيْنَ النَّارِ خَنْدَقاً وَ أَعْطَاكُمْ ثَوَابَ مَنْ قَرَأَ التَّوْرَاةَ وَ الْإِنْجِيلَ وَ الزَّبُورَ وَ الْفُرْقَانَ وَ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَكُمْ بِكُلِّ رِيشَةٍ عَلَى جَبْرَئِيلَ عِبَادَةَ سَنَةٍ وَ أَعْطَاكُمْ ثَوَابَ تَسْبِيحِ الْعَرْشِ وَ الْكُرْسِيِّ وَ زَوَّجَكُمْ بِكُلِّ آيَةٍ فِي الْقُرْآنِ أَلْفَ حَوْرَاءَ
When twenty days complete for you, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Dispatches seventy thousand Angels to you protecting you from every Pelted Satan-la, and Allah-azwj will Write for you, for every day you fast, fasting of a hundred years, and Make a ditch to be between you and the Hellfire, and He-azwj will Grant you Rewards of the ones who read the Torah, and the Evangel, and the Psalms, and the Furqan, and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic will Write for every feather upon Jibraeel-as, worship of a year, and Give you Rewards of glorification of the Throne and the Chair, and get you married to a thousand Houries for every Verse in the Quran.
وَ يَوْمُ أَحَدٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ يُوَسِّعُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقَبْرَ أَلْفَ فَرْسَخٍ وَ يَرْفَعُ عَنْكُمُ الظُّلْمَةَ وَ الْوَحْشَةَ وَ يَجْعَلُ قُبُورَكُمْ كَقُبُورِ الشُّهَدَاءِ وَ يَجْعَلُ وُجُوهَكُمْ كَوَجْهِ يُوسُفَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ ع
And on the twenty-first day Allah-azwj will Expand the graves upon you to a thousand Farsakh, and Raise the darkness and the loneliness away from you, and Make your graves like graves of the martyrs, and Make your faces like the face of Yusuf Bin Yaqoub-as.
وَ يَوْمُ اثْنَيْنِ وَ عِشْرِينَ يَبْعَثُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْكُمْ مَلَكَ الْمَوْتِ كَمَا يَبْعَثُ إِلَى الْأَنْبِيَاءِ ع وَ يَدْفَعُ عَنْكُمْ هَوْلَ مُنْكَرٍ وَ نَكِيرٍ وَ يَدْفَعُ عَنْكُمْ هَمَّ الدُّنْيَا وَ عَذَابَ الْآخِرَةِ
And on the twenty-second day Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Dispatches to you the Angel of death just as He-azwj has Dispatched to the Prophets-as, and Repel from you the horrors of Munkar and Nakeer, and Repel from you worries of the world and Punishment of the Hereafter.
وَ يَوْمُ ثَلَاثَةٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ تَمُرُّونَ عَلَى الصِّرَاطِ مَعَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَ الصِّدِّيقِينَ وَ الشُّهَدَاءِ وَ كَأَنَّمَا أَشْبَعْتُمْ كُلَّ يَتِيمٍ مِنْ أُمَّتِي وَ كَسَوْتُمْ كُلَّ عُرْيَانٍ مِنْ أُمَّتِي
And on the twenty-third day, you will be passing upon the Bridge along with the Prophets-as, and the truthful, and the martyrs, and it is as if you have satiated every orphan from my-saww community and had clothed every bare one from my-saww community.
وَ يَوْمُ أَرْبَعَةٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ لَا تَخْرُجُونَ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا حَتَّى يَرَى كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْكُمْ مَكَانَهُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ وَ يُعْطِي كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ ثَوَابَ أَلْفِ مَرِيضٍ وَ أَلْفِ غَرِيبٍ خَرَجُوا فِي طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ أَعْطَاكُمْ ثَوَابَ عِتْقِ أَلْفِ رَقَبَةٍ مِنْ وُلْدِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ
And on the twenty-fourth day, you will not be exiting from the world until each one of you sees his place from the Paradise, and each one is Given Rewards of a thousand sick ones and a thousand estranged ones having gone out in obedience to Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and He-azwj will Give you Rewards of having liberated a thousand necks from the sons of Ismail‑as.
وَ يَوْمُ خَمْسَةٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ بَنَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَكُمْ تَحْتَ الْعَرْشِ أَلْفَ قُبَّةٍ خَضْرَاءَ عَلَى رَأْسِ كُلِّ قُبَّةٍ خَيْمَةٌ مِنْ نُورٍ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى يَا أُمَّةَ أَحْمَدَ أَنَا رَبُّكُمْ وَ أَنْتُمْ عَبِيدِي وَ إِمَائِي اسْتَظِلُّوا بِظِلِّ عَرْشِي فِي هَذِهِ الْقِبَابِ وَ كُلُوا وَ اشْرَبُوا هَنِيئاً فَ لا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْكُمْ وَ لا أَنْتُمْ تَحْزَنُونَ
And on the twenty-fifth day, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Builds for you beneath the Throne, a thousand green domes, and at the top of each dome is a tent (pavilion) of light. Allah-azwj the Blessed and Exalted Says: “O community of Ahmad-azwj! I-azwj am your Lord-azwj and you are My-azwj servants and My-azwj maids! Take shade with the shade of My-azwj Throne in these domes, and eat and drink pleasantly for there is neither fear upon you nor will you be grieving!
يَا أُمَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عِزَّتِي وَ جَلَالِي لَأَبْعَثَنَّكُمْ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ يَتَعَجَّبُ مِنْكُمُ الْأَوَّلُونَ وَ الْآخِرُونَ وَ لَأُتَوِّجَنَّ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ بِأَلْفِ تَاجٍ مِنْ نُورٍ وَ لَأُرْكِبَنَّ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْكُمْ عَلَى نَاقَةٍ خُلِقَتْ مِنْ نُورٍ زِمَامُهَا مِنْ نُورٍ وَ فِي ذَلِكَ الزِّمَامِ أَلْفُ حَلْقَةٍ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ فِي كُلِّ حَلْقَةٍ مَلَكٌ قَائِمٌ عَلَيْهَا مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ بِيَدِ كُلِّ مَلَكٍ عَمُودٌ مِنْ نُورٍ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ
O community of Muhammad-saww! By My-azwj Mighty and My-azwj Majesty! I-azwj will be Sending you all to the Paradise. The former ones and the latter ones will be marvelling at you. Each one will have a thousand crowns of light, and each one of you will ride upon a she-camel Created from light. Its bridles are of light, and in that bridle are a thousand are a thousand circles of Angels established upon it from the Angels. In the hand of every Angel is a pillar of light, until he enters the Paradise without Reckoning!”
وَ إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ سِتَّةٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ يَنْظُرُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكُمْ بِالرَّحْمَةِ فَيَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الذُّنُوبَ كُلَّهَا إِلَّا الدِّمَاءَ وَ الْأَمْوَالَ وَ قَدَّسَ بَيْتَكُمْ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ سَبْعِينَ مَرَّةً مِنَ الْغِيبَةِ وَ الْكَذِبِ وَ الْبُهْتَانِ
And when it was the twenty-sixth day, Allah-azwj Looks are you with the Mercy, so Allah-azwj Forgives the sins for you, all of them, except the blood (murder) and the wealth (theft), and Sanctifies your houses seventy times every day from the backbiting, and the lies, and the slander.
وَ يَوْمُ سَبْعَةٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ فَكَأَنَّمَا نَصَرْتُمْ كُلَّ مُؤْمِنٍ وَ مُؤْمِنَةٍ وَ كَسَوْتُمْ سَبْعِينَ أَلْفَ عَارٍ وَ خَدَمْتُمْ أَلْفَ مُرَابِطٍ وَ كَأَنَّمَا قَرَأْتُمْ كُلَّ كِتَابٍ أَنْزَلَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى أَنْبِيَائِهِ
And on the twenty-seventh day, it is as if you have helped every believing man and believing woman, and have clothed seventy thousand bare ones, and served a thousand garrisons, and it is as if you had read every Book-azwj Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic had Revealed unto His-azwj Prophets-as.
وَ يَوْمُ ثَمَانِيَةٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ فِي جَنَّةِ الْخُلْدِ مِائَةَ أَلْفِ مَدِينَةٍ مِنْ نُورٍ وَ أَعْطَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي جَنَّةِ الْمَأْوَى مِائَةَ أَلْفِ قَصْرٍ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ وَ أَعْطَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي جَنَّةِ الْفِرْدَوْسِ مِائَةَ أَلْفِ مَدِينَةٍ فِي كُلِّ مَدِينَةٍ أَلْفُ حُجْرَةٍ وَ أَعْطَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي جَنَّةِ الْجَلَالِ مِائَةَ أَلْفِ مِنْبَرٍ مِنْ مِسْكٍ فِي جَوْفِ كُلِّ مِنْبَرٍ أَلْفُ بَيْتٍ مِنْ زَعْفَرَانٍ فِي كُلِّ بَيْتٍ أَلْفُ سَرِيرٍ مِنْ دُرٍّ وَ يَاقُوتٍ عَلَى كُلِّ سَرِيرٍ زَوْجَةٌ مِنَ الْحُورِ الْعِينِ
And on the twenty-eighth day, Allah-azwj Makes for you in the eternal Garden, a hundred thousand cities if light, and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Gives you in Al-Ma’wa Garden one hundred thousand castles of silver, and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Give you in Al Firdows Garden one hundred thousand cities, in each city being a thousand chambers, and Allah-azwj mighty and Majestic Gives you in the Majestic Garden, one hundred thousand pulpits of musk, in the interior of every pulpit are a thousand rooms of Saffron. In every room are a thousand beds of gems and sapphire, upon each bed there is a wife from the Maiden Houries.
فَإِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ تِسْعَةٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ أَعْطَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَلْفَ أَلْفِ مَحَلَّةٍ فِي جَوْفِ كُلِّ مَحَلَّةٍ قُبَّةٌ بَيْضَاءُ فِي كُلِّ قُبَّةٍ سَرِيرٌ مِنْ كَافُورٍ أَبْيَضَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ السَّرِيرِ أَلْفُ فِرَاشٍ مِنَ السُّنْدُسِ الْأَخْضَرِ فَوْقَ كُلِّ فِرَاشٍ حَوْرَاءُ عَلَيْهَا سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ حُلَّةٍ وَ عَلَى رَأْسِهَا ثَمَانُونَ أَلْفَ ذُؤَابَةٍ كُلُّ ذُؤَابَةٍ مُكَلَّلَةٌ بِالدُّرِّ وَ الْيَاقُوتِ
When it was the twenty-ninth day, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Gives you a million neighbourhoods (areas), in the inside of every neighbourhood is a white dome, in each dome is a throne of white camphor, upon that throne are a thousand beds of green brocade, above each bed there is a Hourie, upon her a seventy thousand garments, and upon her head are eighty thousand braids. Each braid is embedded with the gems and sapphire.
فَإِذَا تَمَّ ثَلَاثُونَ يَوْماً كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَكُمْ بِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مَرَّ عَلَيْكُمْ ثَوَابَ أَلْفِ شَهِيدٍ وَ أَلْفِ صِدِّيقٍ وَ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَكُمْ عِبَادَةَ خَمْسِينَ سَنَةً وَ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَكُمْ بِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ صَوْمَ أَلْفَيْ يَوْمٍ وَ رَفَعَ لَكُمْ بِعَدَدِ مَا أَنْبَتَ النِّيلُ دَرَجَاتٍ
When the thirtieth day is completed, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Writes for you, for every day having passed upon you, Rewards of a thousand martyrs, and a thousand truthful, and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Writes for you worship of fifty years, and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Writes for you, with every day fasted, a thousand days, and Raises ranks for you with the number of what the (river) Nile grows.
وَ كَتَبَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَكُمْ بَرَاءَةً مِنَ النَّارِ وَ جَوَازاً عَلَى الصِّرَاطِ وَ أَمَاناً مِنَ الْعَذَابِ وَ لِلْجَنَّةِ بَابٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ الرَّيَّانُ لَا يُفْتَحُ ذَلِكَ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ ثُمَّ يُفْتَحُ لِلصَّائِمِينَ وَ الصَّائِمَاتِ مِنْ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ص
And the Mighty and Majestic Writes for you a freedom-pass from the Hellfire and a permit to cross the Bridge, and an amnesty from the Punishment, and a door for the Paradise called Al Rayyan. That is not opened up to the Day of Qiyamah, then it is opened for the fasting ones, and the fasting ones from the community of Muhammad-saww.
ثُمَّ يُنَادِي رِضْوَانُ خَازِنُ الْجَنَّةِ يَا أُمَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ هَلُمُّوا إِلَى الرَّيَّانِ
Then Rizwaan, keeper of the Paradise, calls out: ‘O community of Muhammad-saww! Come to Al Rayyan!’
فَيَدْخُلُ أُمَّتِي فِي ذَلِكَ الْبَابِ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ فَمَنْ لَمْ يُغْفَرْ لَهُ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَفِي أَيِّ شَهْرٍ يُغْفَرُ لَهُ وَ لَا حَوْلَ وَ لَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ حَسْبُنَا اللَّهُ وَ نِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ.
So, my-saww community will enter into the door to go to the Paradise. Then one who (his sins) are not Forgiven for during Ramazan, then in which month will these be Forgiven for him? And there is neither might nor strength except with Allah-azwj! Allah-azwj Suffices us and is the best Protector’’.[292]
24- لي، الأمالي للصدوق أَبِي عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْكُوفِيِّ عَنْ نَصْرِ بْنِ مُزَاحِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمَسْعُودِيِّ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْقُرَشِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ الصَّادِقُ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ع حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص شَعْبَانُ شَهْرِي وَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ شَهْرُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – My father, from Muhammad Bin Abu Al Qasim, from Muhammad Bin Ali Al Kufi, from Nasr Bin Muzahim, from Abu Abdul Rahman Al Masoudi, from Al A’ala Bin Yazeed Al Qureyshi who said,
‘Al-Sadiq Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws said: ‘It is narrated to me-asws by my-asws father-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from his-asws grandfather-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Shaban is my-saww month, and month of Ramazan is a month of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic.
فَمَنْ صَامَ يَوْماً مِنْ شَهْرِي كُنْتُ شَفِيعَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ مَنْ صَامَ يَوْمَيْنِ مِنْ شَهْرِي غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ وَ مَنْ صَامَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ شَهْرِي قِيلَ لَهُ اسْتَأْنِفِ الْعَمَلَ
Therefore, the one who fasts one day from my-saww month, I-saww would be his intercessor on the Day of Qiyamah, and one who fasts two days from my-saww month, he will be Forgiven for his sins whatever he had sent ahead, and one who fasts three days from my-saww month, it will be said to him: ‘Resume the deeds!’
وَ مَنْ صَامَ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ فَحَفِظَ فَرْجَهُ وَ لِسَانَهُ وَ كَفَّ أَذَاهُ عَنِ النَّاسِ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ ذُنُوبَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْهَا وَ مَا تَأَخَّرَ وَ أَعْتَقَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ وَ أَحَلَّهُ دَارَ الْقَرَارِ وَ قَبِلَ شَفَاعَتَهُ فِي عَدَدِ رَمْلِ عَالِجٍ مِنْ مُذْنِبِي أَهْلِ التَّوْحِيدِ.
And one who fasts a month of Ramazan so he protects his private parts, and his tongue, and refrains his harming the people, Allah-azwj will Forgive his sins for him, whatever he had sent ahead from these and whatever he has delayed (not yet committed), and Liberate him from the Fire, and Permit him in the House of settlement, and Accept his intercession regarding the number of grains of sand of a desert, from the sinners of the people of Al-Tawheed’’.[293]
25- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام النَّقَّاشُ وَ الْقَطَّانُ وَ الْمُعَاذِيُّ وَ الطَّالَقَانِيُّ جَمِيعاً عَنْ أَحْمَدَ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص خَطَبَنَا ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ فَقَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّهُ قَدْ أَقْبَلَ إِلَيْكُمْ شَهْرُ اللَّهِ بِالْبَرَكَةِ وَ الرَّحْمَةِ وَ الْمَغْفِرَةِ
(The book) ‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – Al Naqqash, and Al Qatta, and Al Muazy, and Al Talaqany, altogether from Ahmad Al Hamdany, from Ali Bin Al-Hassan Bin Fazzal, from his father,
‘From Abu Al-Hassan Al-Reza-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws, from Amir Al-Momineen-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww addressed us one day. He-saww said: ‘O you people! A month of Ramazan is coming to you, being a month of Allah-azwj with the Blessings and the Mercy and the Forgiveness.
شَهْرٌ هُوَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَفْضَلُ الشُّهُورِ وَ أَيَّامُهُ أَفْضَلُ الْأَيَّامِ وَ لَيَالِيهِ أَفْضَلُ اللَّيَالِي وَ سَاعَاتُهُ أَفْضَلُ السَّاعَاتِ هُوَ شَهْرٌ دُعِيتُمْ فِيهِ إِلَى ضِيَافَةِ اللَّهِ وَ جُعِلْتُمْ فِيهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ كَرَامَةِ اللَّهِ أَنْفَاسُكُمْ فِيهِ تَسْبِيحٌ وَ نَوْمُكُمْ فِيهِ عِبَادَةٌ وَ عَمَلُكُمْ فِيهِ مَقْبُولٌ وَ دُعَاؤُكُمْ فِيهِ مُسْتَجَابٌ
It is a month which is best of the months in the Presence of Allah-azwj, and its days are best of the days, and its nights are best of the nights, and its hours are best of the hours. It is a month in which you are called to the hospitality of Allah-azwj and you are made in it from prestigious people of Allah-azwj. Your breaths in it are glorification (Tasbeeh), and your sleeping in it is (an act of) worship, and your deeds in it are Acceptable, and your supplications in it are Answered.
فَسَلُوا اللَّهَ رَبَّكُمْ بِنِيَّاتٍ صَادِقَةٍ وَ قُلُوبٍ طَاهِرَةٍ أَنْ يُوَفِّقَكُمْ لِصِيَامِهِ وَ تِلَاوَةِ كِتَابِهِ فَإِنَّ الشَّقِيَّ مَنْ حُرِمَ غُفْرَانَ اللَّهِ فِي هَذَا الشَّهْرِ الْعَظِيمِ وَ اذْكُرُوا بِجُوعِكُمْ وَ عَطَشِكُمْ فِيهِ جُوعَ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ عَطَشَهُ وَ تَصَدَّقُوا عَلَى فُقَرَائِكُمْ وَ مَسَاكِينِكُمْ
Thus, ask Allah-azwj your Lord-azwj with sincere intentions and clean hearts for Him-azwj to Harmonise you to its fasts and reciting His-azwj Book, for the wretched is the one deprived of Forgiveness of Allah-azwj in this mighty month. Your hunger and your thirst, it reminds you of hunger on the Day of Qiyamah and its thirst, and give charity to your poor ones and their needy ones.
وَ وَقِّرُوا كِبَارَكُمْ وَ ارْحَمُوا صِغَارَكُمْ وَ صِلُوا أَرْحَامَكُمْ وَ احْفَظُوا أَلْسِنَتَكُمْ وَ غُضُّوا عَمَّا لَا يَحِلُّ النَّظَرُ إِلَيْهِ أَبْصَارَكُمْ وَ عَمَّا لَا يَحِلُّ الِاسْتِمَاعُ إِلَيْهِ أَسْمَاعَكُمْ وَ تَحَنَّنُوا عَلَى أَيْتَامِ النَّاسِ يُتَحَنَّنْ عَلَى أَيْتَامِكُمْ
And dignify your elders, and mercy your young ones, and connect your kinships, and protect your tongues, and closer your eye from what your eyes are not Permitted to be looking at and from what is not your ears are not Permitted to be listening to, and be compassionate upon orphans of the people they will be compassionate upon your orphans.
وَ تُوبُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ ذُنُوبِكُمْ وَ ارْفَعُوا إِلَيْهِ أَيْدِيَكُمْ بِالدُّعَاءِ فِي أَوْقَاتِ صَلَوَاتِكُمْ فَإِنَّهَا أَفْضَلُ السَّاعَاتِ يَنْظُرُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِيهَا بِالرَّحْمَةِ إِلَى عِبَادِهِ يُجِيبُهُمْ إِذَا نَاجَوْهُ وَ يُلَبِّيهِمْ إِذَا نَادَوْهُ وَ يَسْتَجِيبُ لَهُمْ إِذَا دَعَوْهُ
And repent to Allah-azwj from your sins and raise your hands to Him-azwj with the supplication in timings of your Salat(s) for these are best of the timings. During these Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Looks at His-azwj Servants with the Mercy, Answering them when they whisper to Him-azwj and Responding to them when they call on Him-azwj, and He-azwj Answers the, when they supplicate!
أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ أَنْفُسَكُمْ مَرْهُونَةٌ بِأَعْمَالِكُمْ فَفُكُّوهَا بِاسْتِغْفَارِكُمْ وَ ظُهُورُكُمْ ثَقِيلَةٌ مِنْ أَوْزَارِكُمْ فَخَفِّفُوا عَنْهَا بِطُولِ سُجُودِكُمْ وَ اعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى ذِكْرُهُ أَقْسَمَ بِعِزَّتِهِ أَنْ لَا يُعَذِّبَ الْمُصَلِّينَ وَ السَّاجِدِينَ وَ أَنْ لَا يُرَوِّعَهُمْ بِالنَّارِ يَوْمَ يَقُومُ النَّاسُ لِرَبِّ الْعالَمِينَ
O you people! Your souls are pledged with your deeds so free these with your seeking Forgiveness, and your backs are heavy from your burdens (of sins), so lighten from these by prolonging your Sajdah(s)! And know that Allah-azwj, Exalted is His-azwj Mention, Swear by His‑azwj Might that He-azwj will not Punish the praying ones and the ones doing Sajdah and that He-azwj will not Frighten them with the Hellfire on a Day the people shall stand to Lord-azwj of the worlds!
أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ مَنْ فَطَّرَ مِنْكُمْ صَائِماً مُؤْمِناً فِي هَذَا الشَّهْرِ كَانَ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ وَ مَغْفِرَةٌ لِمَا مَضَى مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ
O you people! One from you who breaks (by providing a meal to) a Momin fasting one in this month, there would be for him due to that in the Presence of Allah-azwj, liberation of a neck and Forgiveness for what had passed from his sins!’
قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَ لَيْسَ كُلُّنَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ
It was said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww, and all of us aren’t able upon that!’
فَقَالَ ع اتَّقُوا النَّارَ وَ لَوْ بِشِقِّ تَمْرَةٍ اتَّقُوا النَّارَ وَ لَوْ بِشَرْبَةٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ
He-saww said: ‘Save yourselves from the Hellfire even if with part of a date! Save yourselves from the Hellfire and even if with a drink of water!
أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ مَنْ حَسُنَ مِنْكُمْ فِي هَذَا الشَّهْرِ خُلُقُهُ كَانَ لَهُ جَوَازاً عَلَى الصِّرَاطِ يَوْمَ تَزِلُّ فِيهِ الْأَقْدَامُ وَ مَنْ خَفَّفَ فِي هَذَا الشَّهْرِ عَمَّا مَلَكَتْ يَمِينُهُ خَفَّفَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ حِسَابَهُ وَ مَنْ كَفَّ فِيهِ شَرَّهُ كَفَّ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ غَضَبَهُ يَوْمَ يَلْقَاهُ
O you people! One who improves his manners in this month there would be for him crossing over the Bridge on a Day the feet will be slipping in, and in this month one who lightens (work) from what his right hand possesses Allah-azwj will Lighten his Reckoning upon him, and one who restrains his evil in it, Allah-azwj will Restrain His-azwj Wrath from him on the day he meets Him-azwj!
وَ مَنْ أَكْرَمَ فِيهِ يَتِيماً أَكْرَمَهُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ يَلْقَاهُ وَ مَنْ وَصَلَ فِيهِ رَحِمَهُ وَصَلَهُ اللَّهُ بِرَحْمَتِهِ يَوْمَ يَلْقَاهُ وَ مَنْ قَطَعَ فِيهِ رَحِمَهُ قَطَعَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ رَحْمَتَهُ يَوْمَ يَلْقَاهُ
And one who honours an orphan during it, Allah-azwj will Honour him on the Day he meets Him-azwj; and one who connects his kinship during it, Allah-azwj will Connect him with His-azwj Mercy on the Day he meets Him-azwj; and one who cuts his kinship in it, Allah-azwj will Cut off His-azwj Mercy from him on the day he meets Him-azwj!
وَ مَنْ تَطَوَّعَ فِيهِ بِصَلَاةٍ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ بَرَاءَةً مِنَ النَّارِ وَ مَنْ أَدَّى فِيهِ فَرْضاً كَانَ لَهُ ثَوَابُ مَنْ أَدَّى سَبْعِينَ فَرِيضَةً فِيمَا سِوَاهُ مِنَ الشُّهُورِ وَ مَنْ أَكْثَرَ فِيهِ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ عَلَيَّ ثَقَّلَ اللَّهُ مِيزَانَهُ يَوْمَ تَخِفُّ الْمَوَازِينُ وَ مَنْ تَلَا فِيهِ آيَةً مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ كَانَ لَهُ مِثْلُ أَجْرِ مَنْ خَتَمَ الْقُرْآنَ فِي غَيْرِهِ مِنَ الشُّهُورِ
And one who volunteers with a Salat in it, Allah-azwj will Write for him a freedom pass from the Hellfire; and one who fulfil an obligation in it there would be for him Rewards of the one who fulfils seventy obligations in the months what are besides it; and one who frequents in it from the Salawaat upon me-as, Allah-azwj will Make his scale to be heavy on a Day the scales will be light; and during it, one who recites a Verse from the Quran, there will be for him similar Recompense to the one who completes the Quran in others from the months!
أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ أَبْوَابَ الْجِنَانِ فِي هَذَا الشَّهْرِ مُفَتَّحَةٌ فَسَلُوا رَبَّكُمْ أَنْ لَا يُغَلِّقَهَا عَلَيْكُمْ وَ أَبْوَابَ النِّيرَانِ مُغَلَّقَةٌ فَسَلُوا رَبَّكُمْ أَنْ لَا يُفَتِّحَهَا عَلَيْكُمْ وَ الشَّيَاطِينَ مَغْلُولَةٌ فَسَلُوا رَبَّكُمْ أَنْ لَا يُسَلِّطَهَا عَلَيْكُمْ
O you people! Doors of the Gardens are open during this month, so ask your Lord-azwj not to close these upon you, and the doors of Hellfire are locked, so ask your Lord-azwj not to Open these upon you, and the Satans-la are shackled, so ask your Lord-azwj not to let them prevail upon you!’
قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَقُمْتُ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا أَفْضَلُ الْأَعْمَالِ فِي هَذَا الشَّهْرِ
Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘I-asws stood up. I-asws said: ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! What is best of the deeds in this month?’
فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ أَفْضَلُ الْأَعْمَالِ فِي هَذَا الشَّهْرِ الْوَرَعُ عَنْ مَحَارِمِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ ثُمَّ بَكَى
He-saww said: ‘O Abu Al-Hassan-asws! Best of the deeds in this month is the devoutness (abstention) from Prohibitions of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic’. Then he-saww wept.
فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا يُبْكِيكَ
I-asws said: ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! What makes you-saww cry?’
فَقَالَ يَا عَلِيُّ أَبْكِي لِمَا يُسْتَحَلُّ مِنْكَ فِي هَذَا الشَّهْرِ كَأَنِّي بِكَ وَ أَنْتَ تُصَلِّي لِرَبِّكَ وَ قَدِ انْبَعَثَ أَشْقَى الْأَوَّلِينَ شَقِيقُ عَاقِرِ نَاقَةِ ثَمُودَ فَضَرَبَكَ ضَرْبَةً عَلَى قَرْنِكَ فَخَضَبَ مِنْهَا لِحْيَتَكَ
He-saww said: ‘O Ali-asws! I-saww am crying for what will be released to you-asws in this month. It is as if I-saww am with you-asws while you-asws are praying Salat to your-asws Lord-azwj, and he-la has been sent, who is more wretched than the wretched of the former ones, slayer of she-camel of Samoud. He-la strikes you-asws with a strike upon your-asws head and your-asws beard is dyed from it (with blood)’.
قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَ ذَلِكَ فِي سَلَامَةٍ مِنْ دِينِي
Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘I-asws said: ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww, and would that be in safety from my-asws religion?’
فَقَالَ ع فِي سَلَامَةٍ مِنْ دِينِكَ
He-saww said: ‘In safety from your-asws religion’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا عَلِيُّ مَنْ قَتَلَكَ فَقَدْ قَتَلَنِي وَ مَنْ أَبْغَضَكَ فَقَدْ أَبْغَضَنِي وَ مَنْ سَبَّكَ فَقَدْ سَبَّنِي لِأَنَّكَ مِنِّي كَنَفْسِي رُوحُكَ مِنْ رُوحِي وَ طِينَتُكَ مِنْ طِينَتِي
Then he-saww said: ‘O Ali-asws! One who kills you-asws, has killed me-saww, and one who hates you‑asws has hated me-saww, and one who reviles you-asws has reviled me-saww, because you-asws are from me-saww like my-saww self, your-asws soul is from my-saww soul, and your-asws essence is from my-saww essence!
إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى خَلَقَنِي وَ إِيَّاكَ وَ اصْطَفَانِي وَ إِيَّاكَ وَ اخْتَارَنِي لِلنُّبُوَّةِ وَ اخْتَارَكَ لِلْإِمَامَةِ وَ مَنْ أَنْكَرَ إِمَامَتَكَ فَقَدْ أَنْكَرَ نُبُوَّتِي
Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Created me-saww and you-asws, and Chose me-saww and you-asws, and Selected me-saww for the Prophet-hood and Selected you-asws for the Imamate, and one who denies your-asws Imamate has denied my-saww Prophet-hood!
يَا عَلِيُّ أَنْتَ وَصِيِّي وَ أَبُو وُلْدِي وَ زَوْجُ ابْنَتِي وَ خَلِيفَتِي عَلَى أُمَّتِي فِي حَيَاتِي وَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِي أَمْرُكَ أَمْرِي وَ نَهْيُكَ نَهْيِي
O Ali-asws! You-asws are my-saww successor-asws, and father-asws of my-saww (grand) sons-asws, and husband of my-saww daughter-asws, and my-saww caliph upon my-saww community during my-saww lifetime and after my-saww passing away. Your-asws orders are my-saww orders and your-asws prohibitions are my-saww prohibitions!
أُقْسِمُ بِالَّذِي بَعَثَنِي بِالنُّبُوَّةِ وَ جَعَلَنِي خَيْرَ الْبَرِيَّةِ إِنَّكَ لَحُجَّةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ وَ أَمِينُهُ عَلَى سِرِّهِ وَ خَلِيفَتُهُ عَلَى عِبَادِهِ.
I-saww swear by the One Who Sent me-saww with the Prophet-hood and Made me-saww best of the Created beings! You-asws are a Divine Authority of Allah-azwj upon His-azwj creatures, and His‑azwj Trustee upon His-azwj secrets, and His-azwj caliph upon His-azwj servants!’’[294]
كِتَابُ فَضَائِلِ الْأَشْهُرِ الثَّلَاثَةِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُوسَى الرِّضَا عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ الصَّادِقِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ الْبَاقِرِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ زَيْنِ الْعَابِدِينَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ سَيِّدِ الشُّهَدَاءِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ سَيِّدِ الْوَصِيِّينَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص خَطَبَنَا ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ وَ ذَكَرَ نَحْوَهُ.
The book ‘Fazaail Al Ash’har Al Salasa’ – from Muhammad Bin Ibrahim Bin Is’haq, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Al Hamdani, from Ali Bin Al-Hassan Bin Ali Bin Fazzal, from his father,
‘From Abu Al-Hassan Ali-asws Bin Musa Al-Reza-asws, from his-asws father-asws Musa Bin Ja’far-asws, from his-asws father-asws Al-Sadiq Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, from his-asws father-asws Al-Baqir‑asws, from his-asws father-asws Zayn Al-Abideen-asws, from his-asws father-asws Chief of the martyrs Al-Husayn-asws Bin Ali-asws, from his-asws father-asws chief of the successors-asws Amir Al-Momineen Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww addressed us one day’ – and he-asws mentioned approximate to it’’.[295]
26- لي، الأمالي للصدوق أَبِي عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ أَبِي الْوَرْدِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: خَطَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص النَّاسَ فِي آخِرِ جُمُعَةٍ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَ أَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّهُ قَدْ أَظَلَّكُمْ شَهْرٌ فِيهِ لَيْلَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ وَ هُوَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – My father, from Muhammad Al Attar, from Ibn Isa, from Ibn Mahboub, from Abu Ayoub, from Abu Al Warad,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww addressed the people in the last Friday of Shaban. He-saww praised Allah-azwj and extolled upon Him-azwj, then said: ‘O you people! A month is shading you, in it is a night better than a thousand months, and it is a month of Ramazan!
فَرَضَ اللَّهُ صِيَامَهُ وَ جَعَلَ قِيَامَ لَيْلَةٍ فِيهِ بِتَطَوُّعِ صَلَاةٍ كَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ بِصَلَاةِ سَبْعِينَ لَيْلَةً فِيمَا سِوَاهُ مِنَ الشُّهُورِ وَ جَعَلَ لِمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ فِيهِ بِخَصْلَةٍ مِنْ خِصَالِ الْخَيْرِ وَ الْبِرِّ كَأَجْرِ مَنْ أَدَّى فَرِيضَةً مِنْ فَرَائِضِ اللَّهِ وَ مَنْ أَدَّى فِيهِ فَرِيضَةً مِنْ فَرَائِضِ اللَّهِ كَانَ كَمَنْ أَدَّى سَبْعِينَ فَرِيضَةً فِيمَا سِوَاهُ مِنَ الشُّهُورِ
Allah-azwj has Obligated its fasts and Made standing at night in it volunteering with a Salat like the one who volunteers with a Salat for seventy night in the months what are besides it, and has Made for the one who volunteers in it with a characteristic from the qualities of goodness and the righteousness similar Recompense to the one who fulfils an obligation from the obligations of Allah-azwj, and the one who fulfils in it an obligation from obligations of Allah‑azwj would be like the one who fulfils seventy obligations in what months are besides it!
وَ هُوَ شَهْرُ الصَّبْرِ وَ إِنَّ الصَّبْرَ ثَوَابُهُ الْجَنَّةُ وَ هُوَ شَهْرُ الْمُوَاسَاةِ وَ هُوَ شَهْرٌ يَزِيدُ اللَّهُ فِيهِ فِي رِزْقِ الْمُؤْمِنِ وَ مَنْ فَطَّرَ فِيهِ مُؤْمِناً صَائِماً كَانَ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ وَ مَغْفِرَةٌ لِذُنُوبِهِ فِيمَا مَضَى
And it is the month of patience, and the patience, its Reward is the Paradise; and it is the month of consolation, and it is a month Allah-azwj Increases sustenance of the Momin in it, and one who breaks a fast of a fasting Momin (by providing a meal) there would be for him due to that, in the Presence of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, liberation of a neck, and Forgiveness of his sin in what has passed!’
فَقِيلَ لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَيْسَ كُلُّنَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى أَنْ يُفَطِّرَ صَائِماً
It was said to him-saww, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! All of us aren’t able upon breaking fast of a fasting one (by providing a meal)!’
فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى كَرِيمٌ يُعْطِي هَذَا الثَّوَابَ مِنْكُمْ مَنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ إِلَّا عَلَى مَذْقَةٍ مِنْ لَبَنٍ فَفَطَّرَ بِهَا صَائِماً أَوْ شَرْبَةٍ مِنْ مَاءِ عَذْبٍ أَوْ تُمَيْرَاتٍ لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ
He-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted is Benevolent! He-azwj Gives this Reward to the one from you who is not able except upon a sip of milk a fasting one breaks with it, or a drink of fresh water, or dates he is not able upon more than that!
وَ مَنْ خَفَّفَ فِيهِ عَنْ مَمْلُوكِهِ خَفَّفَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ حِسَابَهُ وَ هُوَ شَهْرٌ أَوَّلُهُ رَحْمَةٌ وَ أَوْسَطُهُ مَغْفِرَةٌ وَ آخِرُهُ إِجَابَةٌ وَ الْعِتْقُ مِنَ النَّارِ
And during it one who lightens (work) from his slaves, Allah-azwj will Lighten his Reckoning from him, and it is a month it’s beginning is Mercy and its middle is Forgiveness and its end is Answer and the liberation from the Hellfire!
وَ لَا غِنَى بِكُمْ فِيهِ عَنْ أَرْبَعِ خِصَالٍ خَصْلَتَيْنِ تُرْضُونَ اللَّهَ بِهِمَا وَ خَصْلَتَيْنِ لَا غِنَى بِكُمْ عَنْهُمَا أَمَّا اللَّتَانِ تُرْضُونَ اللَّهَ بِهِمَا فَشَهَادَةُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَ أَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَ أَمَّا اللَّتَانِ لَا غِنَى بِكُمْ عَنْهُمَا فَتَسْأَلُونَ اللَّهَ حَوَائِجَكُمْ وَ تَسْأَلُونَ اللَّهَ فِيهِ الْعَافِيَةَ وَ تَتَعَوَّذُونَ بِهِ مِنَ النَّارِ.
And during it, you cannot do without four characteristics – two characteristics you please Allah-azwj with, and two characteristics you cannot do without these. As for those who please Allah-azwj with is the testimony that there is no god except Allah-azwj and I-saww am Rasool-saww of Allah-saww, and as for those which you cannot do without is your asking Allah‑azwj for your needs and your asking Allah-azwj in it for the well-being and your seeking Refuge with Him-azwj from the Hellfire!’’[296]
27- ثو، ثواب الأعمال لي، الأمالي للصدوق ابْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُلْوَانَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْبَاقِرِ ع قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا نَظَرَ إِلَى هِلَالِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ اسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةَ بِوَجْهِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ أَهِلَّهُ عَلَيْنَا بِالْأَمْنِ وَ الْإِيمَانِ وَ السَّلَامَةِ وَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ الْعَافِيَةِ الْمُجَلِّلَةِ وَ الرِّزْقِ الْوَاسِعِ وَ دَفْعِ الْأَسْقَامِ وَ تِلَاوَةِ الْقُرْآنِ وَ الْعَوْنِ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ وَ الصِّيَامِ
(The books) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’, (and) ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – Ibn Al Waleed, from Ibn Aban, from Al-Husayn Bin Saeed, from Al-Husayn Bin Ulwan, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir,
‘From Abu Ja’far Al-Baqir-asws having said: ‘It was so, whenever Rasool-Allah-saww looked at the crescent of a month of Ramazan, faced the Qiblah with his-saww face, then said: ‘O Allah-azwj! Let the crescent appear upon us with the security, and the Eman, and the safety, and the Islam, and the encompassing well-being, and the capacious sustenance, and repelling the illnesses, and recitation of the Quran, and the assistance upon the Salat and the fasts!
اللَّهُمَّ سَلِّمْنَا لِشَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ سَلِّمْهُ لَنَا وَ تَسَلَّمْهُ مِنَّا حَتَّى يَنْقَضِيَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ قَدْ غَفَرْتَ لَنَا
O Allah-azwj! Keep us safe for the month of Ramazan and Keep it safe for us, and Accept it from us until the month of Ramazan expires and You-azwj have Forgiven for us!’
ثُمَّ يُقْبِلُ بِوَجْهِهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ فَيَقُولُ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِذَا طَلَعَ هِلَالُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ غُلَّتْ مَرَدَةُ الشَّيَاطِينِ وَ فُتِّحَتْ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ وَ أَبْوَابُ الْجِنَانِ وَ أَبْوَابُ الرَّحْمَةِ وَ غُلِّقَتْ أَبْوَابُ النَّارِ وَ اسْتُجِيبَ الدُّعَاءُ
Then he-saww turned with his-saww face towards the people. He-saww said: ‘O community of Muslims! Whenever the crescent of a month of Ramazan emerges, the renegade Satans-la are locked up, and doors of the sky are opened and doors of the Gardens and the doors of Mercy, and doors of the Hellfire are closed, and the supplication is Answered!
وَ كَانَ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عِنْدَ كُلِّ فِطْرٍ عُتَقَاءُ يُعْتِقُهُمْ مِنَ النَّارِ وَ نَادَى مُنَادٍ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ هَلْ مِنْ سَائِلٍ هَلْ مِنْ مُسْتَغْفِرٍ اللَّهُمَّ أَعْطِ كُلَّ مُنْفِقٍ خَلَفاً وَ أَعْطِ كُلَّ مُمْسِكٍ تَلَفاً
And for Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, at every breaking of the fast, there are liberations He‑azwj Liberates from the Hellfire, and a caller calls out every night: ‘Is there anyone asking? Is there anyone seeking Forgiveness?’ O Allah-azwj! Give every spender replacements, and Give every withholder a spoilage!’
حَتَّى إِذَا طَلَعَ هِلَالُ شَوَّالٍ نُودِيَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ أَنِ اغْدُوا إِلَى جَوَائِزِكُمْ فَهُوَ يَوْمُ الْجَائِزَةِ
Until when crescent of Shawwal emerges, the Momineen are called out at: ‘Go to your awards for it is a day of the awarding!’’
ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع أَمَا وَ الَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ مَا هِيَ بِجَائِزَةِ الدَّنَانِيرِ وَ الدَّرَاهِمِ.
Then Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘But, by the One in Whose Hand is my-asws soul! These awards are not of the Dinars and the Dirhams!’’[297]
مَجَالِسُ الشَّيْخِ، عَنِ الْغَضَائِرِيِّ عَنِ الْبَزَوْفَرِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُلْوَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص يُقْبِلُ بِوَجْهِهِ إِلَى النَّاسِ إِلَى آخِرِ الْخَبَرِ.
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of the sheykh – from Al Gazairi, from Al Bazufari, from Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al-Husayn Bin Saeed, from Ibn Ulwan, from Ibn Shimr, from Jabir,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww had turn by his-saww face towards the people’ – up to end of the Hadeeth’’.[298]
28- لي، الأمالي للصدوق أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جُمْهُورٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَمَّنْ سَمِعَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مُسْلِمٍ الثَّقَفِيَّ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ الْبَاقِرَ ع يَقُولُ إِنَّ لِلَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى مَلَائِكَةً مُوَكَّلِينَ بِالصَّائِمِينَ يَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لَهُمْ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِلَى آخِرِهِ وَ يُنَادُونَ الصَّائِمِينَ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ عِنْدَ إِفْطَارِهِمْ أَبْشِرُوا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ جُعْتُمْ قَلِيلًا وَ سَتَشْبَعُونَ كَثِيراً بُورِكْتُمْ وَ بُورِكَ فِيكُمْ
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – My father, from Sa’ad, from Ahmad Bin Al-Husayn, from Muhammad Bin Jamhour, from Muhammad Bin Ziyad, from the one who heard Muhammad Bin Muslim Al Saqafi saying,
‘I heard Abu Ja’far Muhammad-asws Bin Ali Al-Baqir-asws saying: ‘For Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted there are Angels Allocated with the fasting ones seeking Forgiveness for them during every day of a month of Ramazan up to its end, and they are calling out to the fasting ones every night at their breaking of their fasts: ‘Receive glad tidings servants of Allah-azwj for your hunger is little and your seeking Forgiveness is a lot! May you be Blessed and Blessing be among you all!’
حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ آخِرُ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ نَادَوْهُمْ أَبْشِرُوا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ ذُنُوبَكُمْ وَ قَبِلَ تَوْبَتَكُمْ فَانْظُرُوا كَيْفَ تَكُونُونَ فِيمَا تَسْتَأْنِفُونَ.
Until when it was end of a night of a month of Ramazan, they call out to them: ‘Receive glad tidings, servants of Allah-azwj! Allah-azwj has Forgiven your sins for you and has Accepted your repentance, therefore look how you will be regarding what you are resuming!’’[299]
29- لي، الأمالي للصدوق الطَّالَقَانِيُّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الرِّضَا عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ شَهْرٌ عَظِيمٌ يُضَاعِفُ اللَّهُ فِيهِ الْحَسَنَاتِ وَ يَمْحُو فِيهِ السَّيِّئَاتِ وَ يَرْفَعُ فِيهِ الدَّرَجَاتِ
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of Aal Sadouq – Al Talaqany, from Al Hamdani, from Ali Bin Al-Hassan Bin Fazzal, from his father,
‘From Al-Reza-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘A month of Ramazan is a mighty month. Allah-azwj Multiplies the good deeds in it and Deletes the evils deeds in it, and Raised the ranks in it!
مَنْ تَصَدَّقَ فِي هَذَا الشَّهْرِ بِصَدَقَةٍ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ وَ مَنْ أَحْسَنَ فِيهِ إِلَى مَا مَلَكَتْ يَمِينُهُ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ وَ مَنْ حَسُنَ فِيهِ خُلُقُهُ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ وَ مَنْ كَظَمَ فِيهِ غَيْظَهُ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ وَ مَنْ وَصَلَ فِيهِ رَحِمَهُ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ
One who gives charity during this month Allah-azwj will Forgive (his sins) for him, and one who is excellent in it to what right hands possess (slaves) Allah-azwj will Forgive (his sins) for him, and one who is excellent during it of his manners, Allah-azwj will Forgive (his sins) for him, and one who swallows his anger during it, Allah-azwj will Forgive (his sins) for him, and one who connects his kinship during it Allah-azwj will Forgive (his sins) for him!’
ثُمَّ قَالَ ع إِنَّ شَهْرَكُمْ هَذَا لَيْسَ كَالشُّهُورِ إِنَّهُ إِذَا أَقْبَلَ إِلَيْكُمْ أَقْبَلَ بِالْبَرَكَةِ وَ الرَّحْمَةِ وَ إِذَا أَدْبَرَ عَنْكُمْ أَدْبَرَ بِغُفْرَانِ الذُّنُوبِ هَذَا شَهْرٌ الْحَسَنَاتُ فِيهِ مُضَاعَفَةٌ وَ أَعْمَالُ الْخَيْرِ فِيهِ مَقْبُولَةٌ مَنْ صَلَّى مِنْكُمْ فِي هَذَا الشَّهْرِ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ يَتَطَوَّعُ بِهِمَا غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ
Then he-asws said: ‘This month of yours isn’t like the (other) months! Whenever it comes to you, it comes with the Blessings and the Mercy, and when it turns around, it turns around with the sins having been Forgiven! This month, the good deeds a multiplied in it, and the good deeds are Accepted in it. One from you who voluntarily prays two units Salat in this month for the Sake of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, Allah-azwj will Forgive (his sins) for him!’
ثُمَّ قَالَ ع إِنَّ الشَّقِيَّ حَقَّ الشَّقِيِّ مَنْ خَرَجَ عَنْهُ هَذَا الشَّهْرُ وَ لَمْ يُغْفَرْ ذُنُوبُهُ فَحِينَئِذٍ يَخْسَرُ حِينَ يَفُوزُ الْمُحْسِنُونَ بِجَوَائِزِ الرَّبِّ الْكَرِيمِ.
Then he-saww said: ‘The wretched as is a right of being wretched is the one, this month goes out from him and his sins have not been Forgiven, so on that day he will have incurred loos when the good doers will have succeeded with awards of the Benevolent Lord-azwj!’’[300]
30- لي، الأمالي للصدوق ابْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ الصَّادِقَ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ ع يَقُولُ إِنَّ لِلَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ عُتَقَاءَ وَ طُلَقَاءَ مِنَ النَّارِ إِلَّا مَنْ أَفْطَرَ عَلَى مُسْكِرٍ فَإِذَا كَانَ آخِرُ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْهُ عتق [أَعْتَقَ] فِيهَا مِثْلَ مَا أَعْتَقَ فِي جَمِيعِهِ.
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – Ibn Al Waleed, from Ibn Aban, from Al-Husayn Bin Saeed, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from hameel Bin Salih, from Muhammad Bin Marwan who said,
‘I head Al-Sadiq Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws saying: ‘For Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted during every night of a month of Ramazan, there are liberated ones and freed ones from the Hellfire, except the one who breaks fast upon wine. When it was last night from it, He-azwj Liberates in it similar to what He-azwj had Liberated in its entire (month)’’.[301]
31- ثو، ثواب الأعمال لي، الأمالي للصدوق أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَمَّنْ سَمِعَ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ الْبَاقِرَ ع يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَمَّا حَضَرَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ ذَلِكَ لِثَلَاثٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ قَالَ لِبِلَالٍ نَادِ فِي النَّاسِ
(The books) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’, (and) ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – My father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Isa, from Al-Husayn Bin Saeed, from Fazala, from Sayf Bin Ameyra, from Ubeydullah Bin Abdullah,
‘From the one who heard Abu Ja’far Al-Baqir-asws saying: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww, when a month of Ramazan presented and three (days) remained from Shaban, said to Bilal-ra: ‘Call out among the people!’
فَجَمَعَ النَّاسَ ثُمَّ صَعِدَ الْمِنْبَرَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَ أَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ هَذَا الشَّهْرَ قَدْ حَضَرَكُمْ- وَ هُوَ سَيِّدُ الشُّهُورِ فِيهِ لَيْلَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ تُغَلَّقُ فِيهِ أَبْوَابُ النِّيرَانِ وَ تُفَتَّحُ فِيهِ أَبْوَابُ الْجِنَانِ
The people gathered, then he-saww ascended the pulpit. He-saww praised Allah-azwj and extolled upon Him-azwj, then said: ‘O you people! This month is presenting to you, and it is chief of the months! In it there is a night better than a thousand months. During it doors of the Hellfire are locked and doors of the Gardens are opened.
فَمَنْ أَدْرَكَهُ فَلَمْ يُغْفَرْ لَهُ فَأَبْعَدَهُ اللَّهُ وَ مَنْ أَدْرَكَ وَالِدَيْهِ فَلَمْ يُغْفَرْ لَهُ فَأَبْعَدَهُ اللَّهُ وَ مَنْ ذُكِرْتُ عِنْدَهُ فَلَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَيَّ فَلَمْ يُغْفَرْ لَهُ فَأَبْعَدَهُ اللَّهُ.
The one who comes across it but (sins) are not Forgiven for him, Allah-azwj has Distance him, and one who comes across his parent but (sins) are not Forgiven for him, Allah-azwj has Distanced him, and one I-saww am mentioned in his presence but he does not send Salawaat upon me-as, (his sins) have not been Forgiven for him and Allah-azwj has Distanced him!’’[302]
32- ثو، ثواب الأعمال لي، الأمالي للصدوق مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ الْعِجْلِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْحِمَّانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْهُذَلِيِّ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا دَخَلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ أَطْلَقَ كُلَّ أَسِيرٍ وَ أَعْطَى كُلَّ سَائِلٍ.
(The books) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’, (and) ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – Muhammad Bin Ibrahim, from Ali Bin Saeed Al Askari, from Al-Husayn Bin Ali Bin Al Aswad Al Ijly, from Abdul Hameed Bin Yahya Al Himmani, from Abu Bakr Al Huzaly, from Al Zuhry, from Ubeydullah Bin Abdullah, from Ibn Abbas who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Whenever a month of Ramazan enters, every captive is released and every asking one is Given’’.[303]
33- لي، الأمالي للصدوق الدَّقَّاقُ عَنِ الْأَسَدِيِّ عَنْ سَهْلٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَظِيمِ الْحَسَنِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ ع قَالَ: لَمَّا كَلَّمَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مُوسَى بْنَ عِمْرَانَ ع قَالَ مُوسَى إِلَهِي مَا جَزَاءُ مَنْ صَامَ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ لَكَ مُحْتَسِباً
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – Al Daqqaq, from Al Asady, from Sahl, from Abdul Azeem Al Hasany,
‘From Abu Al-Hassan Al Askari-asws having said: ‘When Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Spoke to Musa-as Bin Imran-as, Musa-as said: ‘My-as God-azwj! What is a Recompense of the one who fasts a month of Ramazan for You-azwj in anticipation?’
قَالَ يَا مُوسَى أُقِيمُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مَقَاماً لَا يَخَافُ فِيهِ
He-azwj Said: ‘O Musa-as! I-azwj shall Make him stand on the Day of Qiyamah in a place he will not be fearing in it!”
قَالَ إِلَهِي فَمَا جَزَاءُ مَنْ صَامَ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ يُرِيدُ بِهِ النَّاسَ
He-as said: ‘My-as God-azwj! What is a Recompense of the one who fasts a month of Ramazan intending the people with it?’
قَالَ يَا مُوسَى ثَوَابُهُ كَثَوَابِ مَنْ لَمْ يَصُمْهُ الْخَبَرَ.
He-azwj Said: ‘O Musa-as! His Rewards would be like Rewards of the one who did not fast!” – the Hadeeth’’.[304]
34- كِتَابُ فَضَائِلِ الْأَشْهُرِ الثَّلَاثَةِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ عَنْ عَمِّهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْقُرَشِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ مُنْذِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْبَاقِرِ ع قَالَ: لَمَّا كَلَّمَ اللَّهُ مُوسَى بْنَ عِمْرَانَ وَ ذَكَرَ نَحْوَهُ وَ زَادَ فِي آخِرِهِ قَالَ إِلَهِي فَمَا جَزَاءُ مَنْ صَامَ فِي بَيَاضِ النَّهَارِ يَلْتَمِسُ بِذَلِكَ رِضَاكَ
The book ‘Fazaail Al Ash’har Al Salasa’ – From Muhammad Bin Ali Majaylawiya, from his uncle Muhammad Bin Abu Al Qasim, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah Al Barqy, from Muhammad Bin Ali Al Qureyshi, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Ziyad Bin Munziq,
‘From Abu Ja’far Muhammad-asws Bin Ali Al-Baqir-asws having said: ‘When Allah-azwj Spoke Musa‑as Bin Imran-as’ – and mentioned approximate to it, and there is an increase in its end, He-as said: ‘My-as God-azwj! What is a Recompense of the one who fasts in brightness of the day seeking Your-azwj Satisfaction with it?’
قَالَ يَا مُوسَى لَهُ جَنَّتِي وَ لَهُ الْأَمَانُ مِنْ كُلِّ هَوْلٍ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ الْعِتْقُ مِنَ النَّارِ.
He-azwj Said: “O Musa-as! For him is My-azwj Paradise, and for him is the security from every horror of the Day of Qiyamah, and the liberation from the Hellfire!”’[305]
35- لي، الأمالي للصدوق الطَّالَقَانِيُّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص شَعْبَانُ شَهْرِي وَ رَمَضَانُ شَهْرُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَمَنْ صَامَ مِنْ شَهْرِي يَوْماً كُنْتُ شَفِيعَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ مَنْ صَامَ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ أُعْتِقَ مِنَ النَّارِ.
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – Ahmad Al Hamdani, from Ali Bin Al-Hassan Bin Fazzal, from his father, from Marwan Bin Muslim,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Shaban is my-saww month and Ramazan is a month of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic. The one who fasts a day from my-saww month I-saww would be his intercessor on the Day of Qiyamah, and one who fasts a month of Ramazan will be Liberated from the Hellfire!’’[306]
36- ل، الخصال مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الْبَصْرِيُّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حُمْدُونٍ النَّسَائِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَزْدِيِّ وَ كَانَ ثِقَةً عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ عَنِ الْهَيْثَمِ بْنِ الْجُوَيْرِيِّ عَنْ زَيْدٍ الْعَمِّيِّ عَنْ أَبِي نُصْرَةَ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص قَالَ: أُعْطِيَتْ أُمَّتِي فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ خَمْساً لَمْ يُعْطَهُنَّ أُمَّةُ نَبِيٍّ قَبْلِي
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – Muhammad Bin Aamro Al Basry, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Hamdoun Al Nasaie, from Muhammad Bin Abdullah Al Azdy, and he was trustworthy, from Al-Hassan Bin Abdul Wahab, from Al Haysam Bin Al Juweyri, from Zayd Al Ammy, from Abu Nusra,
‘From Jabir Bin Abdullah-ra, from the Prophet-saww having said: ‘My-saww community has been Given five (matters) during a month of Ramazan no community of any Prophet-as before me‑saww has been Given these!
أَمَّا وَاحِدَةٌ فَإِذَا كَانَ أَوَّلُ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ نَظَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهِمْ وَ مَنْ نَظَرَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ لَمْ يُعَذِّبْهُ أَبَداً
As for one, whenever it was the first night of a month of Ramazan, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Looks at them, and the one Allah-azwj Looks at, He-azwj will not Punish him, ever!
وَ أَمَّا الثَّانِيَةُ فَإِنَّ خُلُوفَ أَفْوَاهِهِمْ حِينَ يُمْسُونَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَطْيَبُ مِنْ رِيحِ الْمِسْكِ
And as for the second, breaths of their mouths when it is evening, are more aromatic in the Presence of Allah-azwj than the aroma of musk!
وَ أَمَّا الثَّالِثَةُ فَإِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ يَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لَهُمْ فِي لَيْلِهِمْ وَ نَهَارِهِمْ
And as for the third, the Angels are seeking Forgiveness for them during their nights and their days!
وَ أَمَّا الرَّابِعَةُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَأْمُرُ جَنَّتَهُ أَنِ اسْتَغْفِرِي وَ تَزَيَّنِي لِعِبَادِي فَيُوشِكُ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ بِهِمْ نَصَبُ الدُّنْيَا وَ أَذَاهَا وَ يَصِيرُوا إِلَى جَنَّتِي وَ كَرَامَتِي
And as for the fourth, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Commands His-azwj Paradise: “Seek Forgiveness and adorn yourself for My-azwj servants, for soon toil of the world and its harms will be gone from them and they will be coming to My-azwj Paradise and My-azwj Honours!”
وَ أَمَّا الْخَامِسَةُ فَإِذَا كَانَ آخِرُ لَيْلَةٍ غَفَرَ لَهُمْ جَمِيعاً
And as for the fifth, whenever it was the last night, He-azwj Forgives for them all!’
فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص
A man said, ‘During Laylat Al-Qadr, O Rasool-Allah-saww!’
فَقَالَ أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الْعُمَّالِ إِذَا فَرَغُوا مِنْ أَعْمَالِهِمْ وُفُّوا.
He-saww said: ‘Don’t you see that when the workers are free from their work, (then) they are fulfilled (their wages)?’’[307]
37- كِتَابُ فَضَائِلِ الْأَشْهُرِ الثَّلَاثَةِ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ زِيَادِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْهَمَذَانِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْجُعْفِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أُعْطِيَتْ أُمَّتِي خَمْسَ خِصَالٍ الْخَبَرَ وَ فِي آخِرِهِ هَكَذَا فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هِيَ لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ قَالَ لَا أَ مَا تَرَوْنَ الْعُمَّالَ إِذَا عَمِلُوا كَيْفَ يُؤْتَوْنَ أُجُورَهُمْ.
The book ‘Fazaail Al Ash’har Al Salala’ – from Ahmad Bin Ziyad Bin Ja’far Al Hamdany, may Allah-azwj be Satisfied with him, from Ali Bin Ibrahim Bin Hashim, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Abu Umeyr, from Al Mufazzal Bin Umar, from Jabir Bin Yazeed Al Jufy, from Abu Hamza,
‘From Jabir Bin Abdullah Al-Ansari-ra having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘My-saww community has been Given five characteristics’ – the Hadeeth, and in its end it is like this, ‘A man said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! Is it Laylat Al-Qadr?’ He-saww said: ‘No! Are you not seeing that the workers, when they have worked how they are given their wages?’’[308]
38- ل، الخصال أَبِي عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنْ سَهْلٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ عَنِ ابْنِ ظَبْيَانَ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الْمُحَمَّدِيَّةُ السَّمْحَةُ إِقَامُ الصَّلَاةِ وَ إِيتَاءُ الزَّكَاةِ وَ صِيَامُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ وَ الطَّاعَةُ لِلْإِمَامِ وَ أَدَاءُ حُقُوقِ الْمُؤْمِنِ الْخَبَرَ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – My father, from Muhammad Al Attar, from Al Ash’ary, from Sahl, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Al Mufazzal, from Ibn Zabyan who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘The Mohammedanism (Al-Islam), the tolerant is establishing the Salat, and giving the Zakat, and fasts of the month of Ramazan, and Hajj of the House, and the obedience to the Imam-asws, and fulfilling rights of the Momin’ – the Hadeeth’’.[309]
39- ل، الخصال أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْفَرَجِ الْمُؤَذِّنُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْكَرْخِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ ع يَقُولُ لِرَجُلٍ فِي دَارِهِ يَا أَبَا هَارُونَ مَنْ صَامَ عَشَرَةَ أَشْهُرِ رَمَضَانَ مُتَوَالِيَاتٍ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ.
(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – Abu Al-Hassan Ali Bin Al-Hassan Bin Abu Al Faraj the Muezzin, from Muhammad Bin Al-Hassan Al Karkhy who said,
‘I heard Al-Hassan-asws Bin Ali-asws saying to a man in his house: ‘O Abu Haroun! One who fasts ten months of Ramazan consecutively will enter that Paradise!’’[310]
40- ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام بِالْإِسْنَادِ إِلَى دَارِمٍ عَنِ الرِّضَا عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص رَجَبٌ شَهْرُ اللَّهِ الْأَصَمُّ يَصُبُّ اللَّهُ فِيهِ الرَّحْمَةَ عَلَى عِبَادِهِ وَ شَهْرُ شَعْبَانَ تُشْعَبُ فِيهِ الْخَيْرَاتُ
(The book) ‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws, by the chain to Darim, from Al-Reza-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Rajab is the silent month of Allah-azwj. During it Allah-azwj Pours the Mercy upon His-azwj servants, and month of Shaban, the good deeds are branched out in it!
وَ فِي أَوَّلِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ يَغُلُّ الْمَرَدَةَ مِنَ الشَّيَاطِينِ وَ يَغْفِرُ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ سَبْعِينَ أَلْفاً فَإِذَا كَانَ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ بِمِثْلِ مَا غَفَرَ فِي رَجَبٍ وَ شَعْبَانَ وَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِلَى ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ إِلَّا رَجُلٌ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ أَخِيهِ شَحْنَاءُ فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ انْظُرُوا هَؤُلَاءِ حَتَّى يَصْطَلِحُوا.
And during the first night of a month of Ramazan, the renegades from the Satans-la are locked up, and He-azwj Forgives seventy thousand in every night. When it was Laylat Al-Qadr, Allah‑azwj Forgive for him what He-azwj had Forgiven during Rajab and Shaban, and the month of Ramazan up to that day, except a man having hatred between him and his brother, so Allah‑azwj Mighty and Majestic Says: “Look at them until they reconcile!”’[311]
41- جا، المجالس للمفيد ما، الأمالي للشيخ الطوسي الْمُفِيدُ عَنِ الْجِعَابِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ الْمَرْوَزِيِّ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَبْسِيِّ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص هَذَا شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ شَهْرٌ مُبَارَكٌ افْتَرَضَ اللَّهُ صِيَامَهُ تُفَتَّحُ فِيهِ أَبْوَابُ الْجِنَانِ وَ تُصَفَّدُ فِيهِ الشَّيَاطِينُ وَ فِيهِ لَيْلَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ فَمَنْ حُرِمَهَا حُرِمَ يُرَدِّدُ ذَلِكَ ص ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ.
(The books) ‘Al Majaalis’ of Al Mufeed, (and) ‘Al Amaali’ of the sheykh Al Tusi – Al Mufeed, from Al Jiany, from Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Suleyman Al Marouzy, from Ubeydullah Bin Muhammad Al Absy, from Hammad Bin Salama, from Ayoub, from Abu Qilabah, from Abu Hureyra (well known fabricator) who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘This month of Ramazan is a Blessed month. Allah-azwj has Obligated its fasts. Doors of the Gardens are opened in it and the Satans-la are bound in it, and in it there is a night better than a thousand months. The one who is deprived of it is (indeed) deprived!’ – He-saww repeated that three times’’.[312]
42- ما، الأمالي للشيخ الطوسي بِالْإِسْنَادِ الْمُتَقَدِّمِ إِلَى حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ صَامَ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ إِيمَاناً وَ احْتِسَاباً غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ وَ مَنْ صَلَّى لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِ إِيمَاناً وَ احْتِسَاباً غَفَرَ اللَّهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ.
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of the Sheykh Al Tusi – By the previous chain to Hammad Bin Salama, from Muhammad Bin Umar, from Abu Salama, from Abu Hureyra (well known fabricator) who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘One who fasts a month of Ramazan believing and in anticipation, Allah-azwj will Forgive for him what he had sent ahead from his sins, and one who prays Salat on Laylat Al-Qadr believing and in anticipation, Allah-azwj will Forgive whatever he had sent ahead from his sins!’’[313]
43- ما، الأمالي للشيخ الطوسي الْمُفِيدُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَفْضَلُ مَا تَوَسَّلَ بِهِ الْمُتَوَسِّلُونَ الْإِيمَانُ بِاللَّهِ وَ رَسُولِهِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ وَ صَوْمُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَإِنَّهُ جُنَّةٌ مِنْ عَذَابِ اللَّهِ.
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of the sheykh Al Tusi – Al Mufeed, from Ahmad Bin Al Waleed, from his father, from Al Saffar, from Ibn Isa, from Ibn Mahboub, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from Abu Baseer,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘The best the seekers of means can be seeking a means with is belief in Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww’ – up to he-asws said: ‘And fasting a month of Ramazan for it is a shield from Punishment of Allah-azwj’’.[314]
44- ما، الأمالي للشيخ الطوسي جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ أَبِي الْمُفَضَّلِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَالِمٍ الْفَرَّاءِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَمَّا أُسْرِيَ بِي إِلَى السَّمَاءِ دَخَلْتُ الْجَنَّةَ فَرَأَيْتُ فِيهَا قَصْراً مِنْ يَاقُوتٍ أَحْمَرَ يُرَى بَاطِنُهُ مِنْ ظَاهِرِهِ لِضِيَائِهِ وَ نُورِهِ وَ فِيهِ قُبَّتَانِ مِنْ دُرٍّ وَ زَبَرْجَدٍ فَقُلْتُ يَا جَبْرَئِيلُ لِمَنْ هَذَا الْقَصْرُ
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of the Sheykh Al Tusi – a group, from Abu Al Mufazzal, from Muhammad Bin Marwan, from his father, from Yahya Bin Salim Al Fara’a, from Hammad Bin Usman,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘When there was an ascension with me-saww to the sky, I-saww entered the Paradise. I-saww saw therein a castle of red ruby. It’s interior could be seen from its exterior due to its illumination and its radiance, and in it were to domes of gems and aquamarine. I-saww said: ‘O Jibraeel-as! For whim is this castle?’
قَالَ هُوَ لِمَنْ أَطَابَ الْكَلَامَ وَ أَدَامَ الصِّيَامَ وَ أَطْعَمَ الطَّعَامَ وَ تَهَجَّدَ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ النَّاسُ نِيَامٌ
He-as said: ‘For the one who is of good speech, and constantly fasting, and feeds the food, and holds vigil at night (with Salat) while the people are sleeping’.
قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَ فِي أُمَّتِكَ مَنْ يُطِيقُ هَذَا
Ali-asws said: ‘I-asws said: ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww, and in your-saww community is there anyone who can endure this?’
فَقَالَ ص أَ تَدْرِي مَا إِطَابَةُ الْكَلَامِ
He-saww said: ‘Do you know what is the good speech?’
فَقُلْتُ اللَّهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ
I-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww are more knowing!’
قَالَ مَنْ قَالَ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ وَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ أَ تَدْرِي مَا إِدَامَةُ الصِّيَامِ
He-saww said: ‘One who says, ‘Glory be to Allah-azwj, and the Praise be to Allah-azwj, and there is no god except Allah-azwj, and Allah-azwj is Greatest!’ Do you-asws know what is ‘constantly fasting’?’
قُلْتُ اللَّهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ
I-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww are more knowing!’
قَالَ مَنْ صَامَ شَهْرَ الصَّبْرِ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ وَ لَمْ يُفْطِرْ مِنْهُ يَوْماً أَ تَدْرِي مَا إِطْعَامُ الطَّعَامِ
He-saww said: ‘One who fasts the month of patience, month of Ramazan, and does not break a day from it. Do you-asws know what is ‘feeding the food’?’
قُلْتُ اللَّهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ
I-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww are more knowing!’
قَالَ مَنْ طَلَبَ لِعِيَالِهِ مَا يَكُفُّ بِهِ وُجُوهَهُمْ عَنِ النَّاسِ أَ تَدْرِي مَا التَّهَجُّدُ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ النَّاسُ نِيَامٌ
He-saww said: ‘One who seeks for his dependants what he can restrain their faces with from (begging) the people. Do you-asws know what is ‘holding the vigil at night while the people are sleeping’?’
قُلْتُ اللَّهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ
I-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww are more knowing!’
قَالَ مَنْ لَمْ يَنَمْ حَتَّى يُصَلِّيَ الْعِشَاءَ الْآخِرَةَ وَ النَّاسُ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ وَ النَّصَارَى وَ غَيْرِهِمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ نِيَامٌ بَيْنَهُمَا.
He-saww said: ‘One who does not sleep until he has prayed Al-Isha the last (Salat) while the people, from the Jews and the Christians and others from the Polytheists are sleeping between them’’.[315]
45- ما، الأمالي للشيخ الطوسي جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ أَبِي الْمُفَضَّلِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ سَيَابَةَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ع عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أُعْطِيَتْ أُمَّتِي فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ خَمْساً لَمْ تُعْطَهَا أُمَّةُ نَبِيٍّ قَبْلِي
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of the sheykh Al Tusi – A group, from Abu Al Mufazzal, from Ali Bin Ahmad Bin Sayaba, from Umar Bin Abdul Jabbar Bin Umar, from his father,
‘From Ali son of Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws Bin Ali-asws, from his father-asws, from his grandfather-asws, from Jabir Bin Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘My-saww community has been Given five (matters) during the month of Ramazan, nor given to the community of any Prophet-saww before me-saww!
إِذَا كَانَ أَوَّلُ يَوْمٍ مِنْهُ نَظَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهِمْ فَإِذَا نَظَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهِمْ لَمْ يُعَذِّبْهُمْ بَعْدَهَا وَ خُلُوفُ أَفْوَاهِهِمْ حِينَ يُمْسُونَ أَطْيَبُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ رِيحِ الْمِسْكِ وَ تَسْتَغْفِرُ لَهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْهُ
When it was the first day from it, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Looks at them. When Allah‑azwj Mighty and Majestic Looks at them, He-azwj does not Punish them after it; and breaths of their mouths, when it is evening, are better in the Presence of Allah-azwj than the aroma of musk; and the Angels seek Forgiveness for them during every day and night from it!
وَ يَأْمُرُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ جَنَّتَهُ فَيَقُولُ تَزَيَّنِي لِعِبَادِيَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَسْتَرِيحُوا مِنْ نَصَبِ الدُّنْيَا وَ أَذَاهَا إِلَى جَنَّتِي وَ كَرَامَتِي
And Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Commands His-azwj Paradise. He-azwj Says: “Adorn for My‑azwj servants, the Momineen! Soon they will be resting from toil of the world and its harm, to My‑azwj Paradise and My-azwj Honours!”
فَإِذَا كَانَ آخِرُ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْهُ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهُمْ جَمِيعاً.
When it was the last night from it, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Forgive for them all!’’[316]
46- ما، الأمالي للشيخ الطوسي بِإِسْنَادِ الْمُجَاشِعِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع قَالَ: عَلَيْكُمْ بِصِيَامِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَإِنَّ صِيَامَهُ جُنَّةٌ حَصِينَةٌ مِنَ النَّارِ الْخَبَرَ.
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of the Sheykh Al Tusi – By a chain of Al Mujashie,
‘From Ali-asws having said: ‘Upon you all is with fasting the month of Ramazan, for its fasts are a shield fortifying from the Hellfire!’ – the Hadeeth’’.[317]
47- ج، الإحتجاج ع، علل الشرائع فِي خُطْبَةِ فَاطِمَةَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا فِي أَمْرِ فَدَكَ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ الصِّيَامَ تَثْبِيتاً لِلْإِخْلَاصِ.
(The books) ‘Al Ihtijaj’ (and) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ –
‘In a sermon by (Syeda) Fatima-asws, may the Salawaat of Allah-azwj be upon her-asws, regarding the matter of Fadak: ‘Allah-azwj has Obligated the fasts to Affirm the sincerity!’’[318]
48- ع، علل الشرائع عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص جَاءَنِي جَبْرَئِيلُ فَقَالَ لِي الْإِسْلَامُ عَشَرَةُ أَسْهُمٍ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ الرَّابِعَةُ الصَّوْمُ وَ هِيَ الْجُنَّةُ.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from Anas (well known fabricator) who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Jibraeel-as came to me-saww. He-as said to me-saww: ‘Al-Islam is of ten segments’ – up to he-as said: ‘The fourth is the fast, and it is the shield’’.[319]
49- ل، الخصال لي، الأمالي للصدوق ع، علل الشرائع مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ عَنْ عَمِّهِ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع قَالَ: جَاءَ نَفَرٌ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَسَأَلَهُ أَعْلَمُهُمْ عَنْ مَسَائِلَ فَكَانَ فِيمَا سَأَلَهُ أَنْ قَالَ لِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الصَّوْمَ عَلَى أُمَّتِكَ بِالنَّهَارِ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْماً وَ فَرَضَ عَلَى الْأُمَمِ السَّالِفَةِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ
(The books) ‘Al Khisaal’, (and) ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq, (and) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ -Majaylawiya, from his uncle, from Al Barqy, from Ali Bin Al-Husayn Al Barqy, from Abdullah Bin Jabala, from Muawiya Bin Ammar, from Al-Hassan Bin Abdullah, from his forefathers,
‘From his grandfather Al-Hassan-asws Bin Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws having said: ‘A number of Jews came to Rasool-Allah-saww. Their most knowledgeable one asked him-saww about issues. It was among what he asked him-saww. He said, ‘For which thing (reason) did Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Obligate the fasting upon your-saww community at daytime for thirty days, and had Obligated upon the past community more than that?’
فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص إِنَّ آدَمَ لَمَّا أَكَلَ مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ بَقِيَ فِي بَطْنِهِ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْماً فَفَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَى ذُرِّيَّتِهِ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْماً الْجُوعَ وَ الْعَطَشَ وَ الَّذِي يَأْكُلُونَهُ تَفَضُّلٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ كَذَلِكَ كَانَ عَلَى آدَمَ فَفَرَضَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أُمَّتِي
The Prophet-saww said: ‘When Adam-as ate from the tree, it remained in his-as belly for thirty days, so Allah-azwj Imposed upon his-as offspring thirty days of hunger and thirst, and that which they are eating is a Grace from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic upon them, and like that it was upon Adam-as. Allah-azwj Imposed that upon my-saww community’.
ثُمَّ تَلَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيامُ كَما كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ أَيَّاماً مَعْدُوداتٍ
Then Rasool-Allah-saww recited this Verse: Fasting is Prescribed upon you just as it was Prescribed upon those ones from before you, perhaps you may be fearing [2:183] A fixed number of days; [2:184].
قَالَ الْيَهُودِيُّ صَدَقْتَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ فَمَا جَزَاءُ مَنْ صَامَهَا
The Jew said, ‘You-saww speak the truth, O Muhammad-saww! What is a Recompense of the ones who fasts it?’
فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص مَا مِنْ مُؤْمِنٍ يَصُومُ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ احْتِسَاباً إِلَّا أَوْجَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ سَبْعَ خِصَالٍ أَوَّلُهَا يَذُوبُ الْحَرَامَ مِنْ جَسَدِهِ وَ الثَّانِيَةُ يَقْرُبُ مِنْ رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ وَ الثَّالِثَةُ يَكُونُ قَدْ كَفَّرَ خَطِيئَةَ أَبِيهِ آدَمَ وَ الرَّابِعَةُ يُهَوِّنُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ سَكَرَاتِ الْمَوْتِ
The Prophet-saww said: ‘There is none from a Momin fasting a month of Ramazan in anticipation except Allah-azwj Obligates seven characteristics for him. Their first is, the Prohibited (food and drink) melt away from his body; and the second, he draws closer to the Mercy of Allah-azwj; and the third; he would be expiating a mistake of his father-as Adam-as; and the fourth, Allah-azwj will Ease upon him the pangs of death!
وَ الْخَامِسَةُ أَمَانٌ مِنَ الْجُوعِ وَ الْعَطَشِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ السَّادِسَةُ يُعْطِيهِ اللَّهُ بَرَاءَةً مِنَ النَّارِ وَ السَّابِعَةُ يُطْعِمُهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ الْجَنَّةِ
And the fifth, security from the hunger and the thirst on the Day of Qiyamah; and the sixth, Allah-azwj will Give him a freedom pass from the Hellfire; and the seventh, Allah-azwj will Feed him from the good foods of the Paradise!’
قَالَ صَدَقْتَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ.
He said, ‘You-saww speak the truth, O Muhammad-saww!’’[320]
50- لي، الأمالي للصدوق ابْنُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنِ الْأَسَدِيِّ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ ع لِمَ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الصَّوْمَ
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – Ibn Al Mutawakkil, from Al Asady, from Is’haq Bin Muhammad, from Hamza Bin Muhammad who said,
‘I wrote to Abu Muhammad Al-Askari-asws, ‘Why did Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Obligate the fasting?’
فَوَرَدَ فِي الْجَوَابِ لِيَجِدَ الْغَنِيُّ مَسَّ الْجُوعِ فَيَمُنَّ عَلَى الْفَقِيرِ.
It arrived in the answer: ‘For the rich to feel the touch of hunger so they would confer upon the poor’’.[321]
51 ع، علل الشرائع ن، عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام فِي عِلَلِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنِ الرِّضَا ع فَإِنْ قَالَ فَلِمَ أُمِرُوا بِالصَّوْمِ
(The books) ‘Ilal Sharaie’, (and) ‘Uyoun Akhbaar Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws’, in ‘Ilal’ of Al Mufazzal Bin Shazan,
‘From Al-Reza-asws: ‘If he says, ‘Why have they been Commanded with the fasting?’
قِيلَ لِكَيْ يَعْرِفُوا أَلَمَ الْجُوعِ وَ الْعَطَشِ فَيَسْتَدِلُّوا عَلَى فَقْرِ الْآخِرَةِ وَ لِيَكُونَ الصَّائِمُ خَاشِعاً ذَلِيلًا مُسْتَكِيناً مَأْجُوراً مُحْتَسِباً عَارِفاً صَابِراً لِمَا أَصَابَهُ مِنَ الْجُوعِ وَ الْعَطَشِ
It will be said, ‘So that they would recognise the pain of hunger and thirst and be evidenced upon the poverty of the Hereafter, and for the fasting one to be fearful, humble, meek, Rewarded, anticipating, recogniser, patient at what hits him from the hunger and the thirst.
فَيَسْتَوْجِبَ الثَّوَابَ مَعَ مَا فِيهِ مِنَ الِانْكِسَارِ عَنِ الشَّهَوَاتِ وَ لِيَكُونَ ذَلِكَ وَاعِظاً لَهُمْ فِي الْعَاجِلِ وَ رَائِضاً لَهُمْ عَلَى أَدَاءِ مَا كَلَّفَهُمْ وَ دَلِيلًا فِي الْآجِلِ وَ لِيَعْرِفُوا شِدَّةَ مَبْلَغِ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْفَقْرِ وَ الْمَسْكَنَةِ فِي الدُّنْيَا فَيُؤَدُّوا إِلَيْهِمْ مَا افْتَرَضَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لَهُمْ فِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ
Thus, he would be obligated the Rewards along with what is in it from the breakage of the lustful desires, and for that to be a preaching for them in the current life, and a training for them upon fulfilling whatever they have been encumbered with, and evidence regarding the future (Hereafter), and for them to recognise severity reaching to the people of poverty and the neediness in the world, so they would fulfil to them what Allah-azwj the Exalted has Imposed for them in their wealth’.
فَإِنْ قَالَ فَلِمَ جُعِلَ الصَّوْمُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ خَاصَّةً دُونَ سَائِرِ الشُّهُورِ
If he says, ‘Why has the fasting made to be in month of Ramazan in particular besides rest of the months?’
قِيلَ لِأَنَّ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ هُوَ الشَّهْرُ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِيهِ الْقُرْآنَ وَ فِيهِ فَرَقَ بَيْنَ الْحَقِّ وَ الْبَاطِلِ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى شَهْرُ رَمَضانَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ هُدىً لِلنَّاسِ وَ بَيِّناتٍ مِنَ الْهُدى وَ الْفُرْقانِ
It will be said: ‘Because month of Ramazan, it is the month in which Allah-azwj the Exalted Revealed the Quran, and in it He-azwj Differentiated between the truth and the falsehood just as the Exalted Said: The Month of Ramazan is that in which the Quran was Revealed, a Guidance for the people, and clear evidence from the Guidance and the Furqan (criterion) [2:185].
وَ فِيهِ نُبِّئَ مُحَمَّدٌ ص وَ فِيهِ لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ الَّتِي هِيَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ وَ فِيها يُفْرَقُ كُلُّ أَمْرٍ حَكِيمٍ وَ هِيَ رَأْسُ السَّنَةِ يُقَدَّرُ فِيهَا مَا يَكُونُ فِي السَّنَةِ مِنْ خَيْرٍ أَوْ شَرٍّ أَوْ مَضَرَّةٍ أَوْ مَنْفَعَةٍ أَوْ رِزْقٍ أَوْ أَجَلٍ وَ لِذَلِكَ سُمِّيَتْ لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِ
And in it, Muhammad-saww was Sent as Prophet-saww, and in it is Laylat Al-Qadr which is better than a thousand months [97:3] During it, every wise matter is made distinct [44:4], and it is head of the year. In is what would happen during the year, from good or evil, or harm or benefit, or sustenance, or death, and that has been named as ‘Laylat Al-Qadr’’.
فَإِنْ قَالَ فَلِمَ أُمِرُوا بِصَوْمِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ لَا أَقَلَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَ لَا أَكْثَرَ
If he says, ‘Why have they been Commanded with fasting a month, neither less than that nor more?’
قِيلَ لِأَنَّهُ قُوَّةُ الْعِبَادِ الَّذِي يُعَمُّ فِيهِ الْقَوِيُّ وَ الضَّعِيفُّ وَ إِنَّمَا أَوْجَبَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الْفَرَائِضَ عَلَى أَغْلَبِ الْأَشْيَاءِ وَ أَعَمِّ الْقُوَى ثُمَّ رَخَّصَ لِأَهْلِ الضَّعْفِ وَ رَغَّبَ أَهْلَ الْقُوَّةِ فِي الْفَضْلِ وَ لَوْ كَانُوا يُصْلَحُونَ عَلَى أَقَلَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ لَنَقَصَهُمْ وَ لَوِ احْتَاجُوا إِلَى أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ لَزَادَهُمْ.
It will be said, ‘Because strength of the servants which, the strong and the weak have been generalised in it, and rather Allah-azwj the Exalted Obligated the obligation upon the most generally available of the things, and He-azwj Generalised the strengths. The He-azwj Allowed for the people of weakness (to break) and Encourage the people of strength regarding the merits, and if they had been better upon less than that He-azwj would have Reduced it for them, and if they had been needy to more than that, He-azwj would have Increased for them’’.[322]
52 ع، علل الشرائع فِي عِلَلِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنِ الرِّضَا ع عِلَّةُ الصَّوْمِ لِعِرْفَانِ مَسِّ الْجُوعِ وَ الْعَطَشِ لِيَكُونَ الْعَبْدُ ذَلِيلًا مُسْتَكِيناً مَأْجُوراً مُحْتَسِباً صَابِراً فَيَكُونَ ذَلِكَ دَلِيلًا عَلَى شَدَائِدِ الْآخِرَةِ مَعَ مَا فِيهِ مِنَ الِانْكِسَارِ لَهُ عَنِ الشَّهَوَاتِ وَاعِظاً لَهُ فِي الْعَاجِلِ دَلِيلًا عَلَى الْآجِلِ لِيَعْلَمَ شِدَّةَ مَبْلَغِ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْفَقْرِ وَ الْمَسْكَنَةِ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَ الْآخِرَةِ.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’, in ‘Ilal’ of Ibn Sinan –
‘From Al-Reza-asws: ‘Reason for the fasting is recognition of the touch of hunger and the thirst, for the servant to be humble, meek, Rewarded, anticipating, patient. That would be evidence upon the hardships of the Hereafter along with what is in is from the breakage for him from the lustful desires, being a preaching for him in the current life evidencing upon the future, for him to know severity that reaches the people of poverty and the neediness, in the world and the Hereafter’’.[323]
53 ع، علل الشرائع عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ عَنِ الْأَسَدِيِّ عَنِ الْبَرْمَكِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ عِلَّةِ الصِّيَامِ قَالَ أَمَّا الْعِلَّةُ فِي الصِّيَامِ لِيَسْتَوِيَ بِهِ الْغَنِيُّ وَ الْفَقِيرُ وَ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ الْغَنِيَّ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيَجِدَ مَسَّ الْجُوعِ فَيَرْحَمَ الْفَقِيرَ لِأَنَّ الْغَنِيَّ كُلَّمَا أَرَادَ شَيْئاً قَدَرَ عَلَيْهِ فَأَرَادَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يُسَوِّيَ بَيْنَ خَلْقِهِ وَ أَنْ يُذِيقَ الْغَنِيَّ مَسَّ الْجُوعِ وَ الْأَلَمِ لِيَرِقَّ عَلَى الضَّعِيفِ وَ يَرْحَمَ الْجَائِعَ.
(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – Ali Bin Ahmad, from Al Asady, from Al Barmakky, from Ali Bin Al Abbas, from Umar Bin Abdul Aziz, from Hisham Bin Al Hakam who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the reason for fasting. He-asws said: ‘As for the reason regarding the fasts, is for equalising between the rich and the poor, because the rich does not happen to feel the touch of hunger, so he would mercy the poor, because every time the rich one wants something, he is able upon it. So, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Wanted to Equalise between His-azwj creatures, and that the rich should feel the touch of hunger and the pain for him, so to be kind upon the weak, and mercy the hungry one’’.[324]
54 ثو، ثواب الأعمال أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْأَهْوَازِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ قَالَ: يَا جَابِرُ مَنْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَصَامَ نَهَارَهُ وَ قَامَ وِرْداً مِنْ لَيْلَتِهِ وَ حَفِظَ فَرْجَهُ وَ لِسَانَهُ وَ غَضَّ بَصَرَهُ وَ كَفَّ أَذَاهُ خَرَجَ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ كَيَوْمَ وَلَدَتْهُ أُمُّهُ
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – My father, from Sa’ad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Ahwazy, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Ahmad Bin Al Nazr, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘O Jabir! On upon whom a month of Ramazan enters, so he fasts its days and stands along in his night (for Salat), and protects his private parts and his tongue, and closes his eyes (from Prohibitions), and restrains his harm, will emerge from his sins like his mother had given him birth’.
قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ مَا أَحْسَنَ هَذَا مِنْ حَدِيثٍ
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! How excellent this Hadeeth is!’
قَالَ مَا أَشَدَّ هَذَا مِنْ شَرْطٍ.
He-asws said: ‘How severe these conditions are!’’[325]
55 مَجَالِسُ الشَّيْخِ، عَنِ الْمُفِيدِ عَنِ ابْنِ قُولَوَيْهِ عَنِ الْكُلَيْنِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لِجَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَا جَابِرُ هَذَا شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ مَنْ صَامَ نَهَارَهُ وَ قَامَ وِرْداً مِنْ لَيْلِهِ وَ عَفَّ بَطْنَهُ وَ فَرْجَهُ وَ كَفَّ لِسَانَهُ خَرَجَ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ كَخُرُوجِهِ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of the Sheykh – from Al Mufeed, from Ibn Qawlawiya, from Al Kulayni, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ahmad Bin Al Nazr, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said to Jabir Bin Abdullah-ra: ‘O Jabir-ra! This is a month of Ramazan. One who fasts its days and stand along in his night (for Salat), and keeps his belly and his private parts chaste, and restrains his tongue will emerge from his sins like emergence from the month (the belly of his mother)!’
فَقَالَ جَابِرٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا أَحْسَنَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ
Jabir-ra said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! How excellent this Hadeeth is!’
فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص يَا جَابِرُ وَ مَا أَشَدَّ هَذِهِ الشُّرُوطَ.
Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘O Jabir, and how severe these conditions are!’’[326]
56 ثو، ثواب الأعمال أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْأَهْوَازِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ عُلْوَانَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع قَالَ: لَمَّا حَضَرَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَ أَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ كَفَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَدُوَّكُمْ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَ قَالَ ادْعُونِي أَسْتَجِبْ لَكُمْ وَ وَعَدَكُمُ الْإِجَابَةَ
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – My father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Isa, from Al Ahwazy, from Ibn Ulwan, from Amro Bin Khalid,
‘From Zayd son of Ali-asws (Bin Al-Husayn-asws), from his father-asws, from his grandfather-asws, from Ali-asws having said: ‘When a month of Ramazan presented, Rasool-Allah-saww stood up. He-saww praised Allah-azwj and extolled upon Him-azwj, then said: ‘O you people! Allah-azwj Suffices you from your enemies from the Jinn, and He-azwj Said: “Supplicate to Me, I will Answer you. [40:60], and has Promised you the Answer.
أَلَا وَ قَدْ وَكَّلَ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْطَانٍ مَرِيدٍ سَبْعَةً مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ فَلَيْسَ بِمَحْلُولٍ حَتَّى يَنْقَضِيَ شَهْرُكُمْ هَذَا أَلَا وَ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ مُفَتَّحَةٌ مِنْ أَوَّلِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْهُ أَلَا وَ الدُّعَاءُ فِيهِ مَقْبُولٌ.
Indeed, and Allah-azwj has Allocated with every renegade Satan-la, seven from the Angels! They will not be respited until this month of yours has expired. Indeed, and doors of the sky are opened from the first night from it! Indeed, and the supplication during it is Accepted!’’[327]
57 ثو، ثواب الأعمال أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ عَنْ أَخِيهِ عَلِيٍّ عَنِ الْأَهْوَازِيِّ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ يَقُولُ فِي آخِرِهِ إِنَّ أَبْوَابَ السَّمَاءِ تُفَتَّحُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ تُصَفَّدُ الشَّيَاطِينُ وَ تُقْبَلُ أَعْمَالُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ نِعْمَ الشَّهْرُ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ كَانَ يُسَمَّى عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص الْمَرْزُوقَ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – My father, from Sa’ad, from Ibrahim Bin Mahziyar, from his brother Ali, from Al Ahwazy, from Al Qasim Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws in a lengthy Hadeeth saying in its end: ‘Doors of the sky are opened during a month of Ramazan, and the Satans-la are bound, and the deeds of the Momineen are Accepted! Best of the months is a month of Ramazan! In the era of Rasool-Allah-saww it was named as ‘Al-Marzouq’’.[328]
58 ثو، ثواب الأعمال أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْأَهْوَازِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ أَخِي هِشَامٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ لِلَّهِ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ عُتَقَاءَ مِنَ النَّارِ إِلَّا مَنْ أَفْطَرَ عَلَى مُسْكِرٍ أَوْ مشاحن [مُشَاحِناً] أَوْ صَاحِبَ شَاهَيْنِ
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – My father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Isa, from Al Ahwazy, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Muhammad Bin Al Hakam, brother of Hisham, from Umar Bin Yazeed,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘For Allah-azwj, during every night of a month of Ramazan, there are liberations from the Hellfire, except one who breaks fast upon an intoxicant, or a hating one, or a companion of ‘Shaheen’!’
قَالَ قُلْتُ وَ أَيُّ شَيْءٍ صَاحِبُ الشَّاهَيْنِ
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘And which thing is ‘A companion of ‘Shaheen’?’
قَالَ الشِّطْرَنْجُ.
He-asws said: ‘The chess (player)’’.[329]
59 ثو، ثواب الأعمال أَبِي عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ الرَّازِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ مَنْ أَفْطَرَ يَوْماً مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ خَرَجَ رُوحُ الْإِيمَانِ مِنْهُ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – My father, from Muhammad Al Attar, from Al Ash’ary, from Ibn Hashim, from Yahya Bin Abu Imran Al Hamdany, from Yunus, from Hammad Al Razy who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘One who breaks a day from a month of Ramazan, the spirit of Eman will come out from him’’.[330]
60 ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام أَرْوِي عَنِ الْعَالِمِ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ وَ عَلَا يُعْتِقُ فِي أَوَّلِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ سِتَّمِائَةِ أَلْفِ عَتِيقٍ مِنَ النَّارِ فَإِذَا كَانَ الْعَشْرُ الْأَوَاخِرُ عتق [أَعْتَقَ] كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْهُ مِثْلَ مَا عتق [أَعْتَقَ] فِي الْعِشْرِينَ الْمَاضِيَةِ فَإِذَا كَانَ لَيْلَةُ الْفِطْرِ أَعْتَقَ مِنَ النَّارِ مِثْلَ مَا أَعْتَقَ فِي سَائِرِ الشُّهُورِ.
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – ‘It is reported from the Scholar-asws having said: ‘Allah-azwj Majestic and Exalted Liberated in the first night of a month of Ramazan, seven hundred thousand servants from the Hellfire. When it was the last ten (days), He-azwj liberates during every night from it similar to what He-azwj had Liberated in the past twenty (days). When it was the night of (Eid) Al-Fitr, He-azwj Liberates from the Hellfire similar to what He-azwj had Liberated in rest of the months’’.[331]
61 م، تفسير الإمام عليه السلام قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ لِلَّهِ خِيَاراً مِنْ كُلِّ مَا خَلَقَهُ فَلَهُ مِنَ الْبِقَاعِ خِيَارٌ وَ لَهُ مِنَ اللَّيَالِي وَ الْأَيَّامِ خِيَارٌ وَ لَهُ مِنَ الشُّهُورِ خِيَارٌ وَ لَهُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ خِيَارٌ وَ لَهُ مِنْ خِيَارِهِمْ خِيَارٌ
Tafseer of the Imam (Hassan Al-Askari-asws, may the greeting be upon him-asws – ‘Rasool-Allah‑saww said: ‘For Allah–azwj Mighty and Majestic there are choices from everything what He–azwj Created. For Him-azwj from spots there is a Choice, and for Him-azwj there is a choice from the nights and the days, and for Him-azwj there is a choice from the months, and for Him-azwj there is a choice from the servants, and for Him-azwj there is a choice from their Chosen ones.
فَأَمَّا خِيَارُهُ مِنَ الْبِقَاعِ فَمَكَّةُ وَ الْمَدِينَةُ وَ بَيْتُ الْمَقْدِسِ وَ أَمَّا خِيَارُهُ مِنَ اللَّيَالِي فَلَيَالِي الْجُمَعِ وَ لَيْلَةُ النِّصْفِ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ وَ لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ وَ لَيْلَتَا الْعِيدَيْنِ
As for His–azwj choice from the lands – Makkah, and Al Medina, and Bayt Al-Maqdis, and as for His-azwj choice from the nights – the nights of Fridays, and the night in the middle of Shaban, and the Night of Predetermination (Laylat Al-Qadr), and two nights of the Eid’s.
وَ أَمَّا خِيَارُهُ مِنَ الْأَيَّامِ فَأَيَّامُ الْجُمَعِ وَ الْأَعْيَادِ وَ أَمَّا خِيَارُهُ مِنَ الشُّهُورِ فَرَجَبٌ وَ شَعْبَانُ وَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ أَمَّا خِيَارُهُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ فَوُلْدُ آدَمَ وَ خِيَارُهُ مِنْ وُلْدِ آدَمَ مَنِ اخْتَارَهُمْ عَلَى عِلْمٍ بِهِمْ
And as for His-azwj choice from the days – the days of Fridays, and the Eid(s); and as for His-azwj choice from the months – Rajab, and Shaban and the month of Ramazan; and as for His-azwj choice from His-azwj servants, it is the children of Adam-as, and His-azwj choice from the children of Adam-as is one He-azwj Choice based upon knowledge being with them.
فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَمَّا اخْتَارَ خَلْقَهُ اخْتَارَ وُلْدَ آدَمَ ثُمَّ اخْتَارَ مِنْ وُلْدِ آدَمَ الْعَرَبَ ثُمَّ اخْتَارَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ مُضَرَ ثُمَّ اخْتَارَ مِنْ مُضَرَ قُرَيْشاً ثُمَّ اخْتَارَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ هَاشِماً ثُمَّ اخْتَارَ مِنْ هَاشِمٍ أَنَا وَ أَهْلَ بَيْتِي
When Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Chose His-azwj creatures, Chose the children of Adam-as, then from the children of Adam-as He-azwj Chose the Arabs, then from the Arabs He-azwj Chose (the tribe of) Muzar, then from (the tribe of) Muzar He-azwj Chose Quraysh, then from Quraysh He-azwj Chose Hashim-as, then from Hashim-as He-azwj Chose me-saww and People-asws of my-saww Household.
كَذَلِكَ فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ الْعَرَبَ فَبِحُبِّي أَحَبَّهُمْ وَ مَنْ أَبْغَضَ الْعَرَبَ فَبِبُغْضِي أَبْغَضَهُمْ
Like that, the one who loves the Arabs, he loves them due to his loving me-saww, and one who hates the Arabs, he hates them due to his hatred of me-saww!
وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ اخْتَارَ مِنَ الشُّهُورِ شَهْرَ رَجَبٍ وَ شَعْبَانَ وَ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ فَشَعْبَانُ أَفْضَلُ الشُّهُورِ إِلَّا مِمَّا كَانَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَإِنَّهُ أَفْضَلُ مِنْهُ
And Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Chose from the months, the months of Rajab, and Shaban and the month of Ramazan. Thus, Shaban is a superior month except from what was from a month of Ramazan, for it is superior than it.
وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يُنْزِلُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مِنَ الرَّحْمَةِ أَلْفَ ضِعْفِ مَا يُنْزِلُ فِي سَائِرِ الشُّهُورِ وَ يَحْشُرُ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ فِي أَحْسَنِ صُورَةٍ فَيُقِيمُهُ عَلَى تَلْعَةٍ لَا يَخْفَى وَ هُوَ عَلَيْهَا عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِمَّنْ ضَمَّهُ ذَلِكَ الْمَحْشَرُ
And Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Sends down from the Mercy during a month of Ramazan double of what He-azwj Sends down in rest of the months, and He-azwj will Resurrect the month of Ramazan in an excellent image Making it stand upon a hill (grand elevation). While it is upon it, it will not be hidden from anyone from ones included in that plain.
ثُمَّ يَأْمُرُ وَ يَخْلَعُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ كِسْوَةِ الْجَنَّةِ وَ خِلَعِهَا وَ أَنْوَاعِ سُنْدُسِهَا وَ ثِيَابِهَا حَتَّى يَصِيرَ فِي الْعِظَمِ بِحَيْثُ لَا يَنْفَدُهُ بَصَرٌ وَ لَا يغني [يَعِي] عِلْمَ مِقْدَارِهِ أُذُنٌ وَ لَا يَفْهَمُ كُنْهَهُ قَلْبٌ
Then He-azwj will Command and garments of Paradise would be clothed upon it and its ornaments, and a variety of its brocades and its clothing until it comes to be in the magnificence whereby neither will a sight tolerate it, nor will knowledge of its worth be availed by an ear nor understanding of its essence by a heart.
ثُمَّ يُقَالُ لِمُنَادٍ مِنْ بُطْنَانِ الْعَرْشِ نَادِ فَيُنَادِي يَا مَعْشَرَ الْخَلَائِقِ أَ مَا تَعْرِفُونَ هَذَا
Then He-azwj will Say to a caller from interior of the Throne: “Call out!” He will call out: ‘O community of creatures! Do you recognise this?’
فَيُجِيبُ الْخَلَائِقُ يَقُولُونَ بَلَى لَبَّيْكَ دَاعِيَ رَبِّنَا وَ سَعْدَيْكَ أَمَا إِنَّنَا لَا نَعْرِفُهُ
The creatures will be astounded. They will say, ‘Yes, at your service, O caller of our Lord-azwj, and your assistance! But we do not recognise him!’
يَقُولُ مُنَادِي رَبِّنَا هَذَا شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ مَا أَكْثَرَ مَنْ سَعِدَ بِهِ وَ مَا أَكْثَرَ مَنْ شَقِيَ بِهِ أَلَا فَلْيَأْتِهِ كُلُّ مُؤْمِنٍ لَهُ مُعَظِّمٍ بِطَاعَةِ اللَّهِ فِيهِ فَلْيَأْخُذْ حَظَّهُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْخِلَعِ
The caller of our Lord-azwj will say: ‘This is a month of Ramazan! How numerous are the ones been fortunate with it, and how numerous are the ones been wretched with it! Indeed! Let every Momin having respect for it with obedience of Allah-azwj during it, let him take his share from these garments!’
فَتَقَاسَمُوهَا بَيْنَكُمْ عَلَى قَدْرِ طَاعَتِكُمْ لِلَّهِ وَ جِدِّكُمْ
So, these will be apportioned between you based upon a measurement of your obedience to Allah-azwj and your efforts’.
قَالَ فَيَأْتِيهِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا لِلَّهِ فِيهِ مُطِيعِينَ فَيَأْخُذُونَ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْخِلَعِ عَلَى مَقَادِيرِ طَاعَتِهِمْ كَانَتْ فِي الدُّنْيَا فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَأْخُذُ أَلْفَ خِلْعَةٍ وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَأْخُذُ عَشَرَةَ آلَافٍ وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَأْخُذُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَ أَقَلَّ فَيُشَرِّفُهُمُ اللَّهُ بِكَرَامَاتِهِ
He-asws said: ‘The Momineen will come to it, those who were obedient to Allah-azwj during it, and they will be taking from those garments based upon a measurement of their obedience in the world. From them is one who will take a thousand garment, and from them is one who will take ten thousand, and from them is one who will take more than that and less. Thus, Allah-azwj Ennoble them with His-azwj Honours.
أَلَا وَ إِنَّ أَقْوَاماً يَتَعَاطَوْنَ تَنَاوُلَ تِلْكَ الْخِلَعِ يَقُولُونَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ لَقَدْ كُنَّا بِاللَّهِ مُؤْمِنِينَ وَ لَهُ مُوَحِّدِينَ وَ بِفَضْلِ هَذَا الشَّهْرِ مُعْتَرِفِينَ
Indeed, and there will be a people coming to take those garments, saying within themselves, ‘We (also) were believers in Allah-azwj and professing Oneness for Him-azwj, and acknowledging the merit of this month!’
فَيَأْخُذُونَهَا وَ يَلْبَسُونَهَا فَتَتَقَلَّبُ عَلَى أَبْدَانِهِمْ مُقَطَّعَاتِ نِيرَانٍ وَ سَرَابِيلَ قَطِرَانٍ يَخْرُجُ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ بِعَدَدِ كُلِّ سِلْكَةٍ مِنْ تِلْكَ الثِّيَابِ أَفْعًى وَ عَقْرَبٌ وَ قَدْ تَنَاوَلُوا مِنْ تِلْكَ الثِّيَابِ أَعْدَاداً مُخْتَلِفَةً عَلَى قَدْرِ أَجْرَامِهِمْ كُلُّ مَنْ كَانَ جُرْمُهُ أَعْظَمَ فَعَدَدُ ثِيَابِهِ أَكْثَرُ
So, they will take these and wear them, but they will transform upon their bodies into pieces of fire and trouser of tar. A serpent will emerge upon each one of them, the number of every thread from those clothes, and a scorpion, and they would have taken from those clothes in different numbers based upon a measure of their crimes. Each one whose crime was mightier; the number of his clothes would be more.
فَمِنْهُمُ الْآخِذُ أَلْفَ ثَوْبٍ وَ مِنْهُمُ الْآخِذُ عَشَرَةَ آلَافِ ثَوْبٍ وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَأْخُذُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَ إِنَّهَا لَأَثْقَلُ عَلَى أَبْدَانِهِمْ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ الرَّوَاسِي عَلَى الضَّعِيفِ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَ لَوْ لَا مَا حَكَمَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِأَنَّهُمْ لَا يَمُوتُونَ لَمَاتُوا مِنْ أَقَلِّ قَلِيلِ ذَلِكَ الثِّقْلِ وَ الْعَذَابِ
From them is the taken of a thousand clothes, and from them is the taken of ten thousand clothes, and from the is one taking more than that, and rather these would be heavier upon their bodies that the lofty mountains upon the weak ones from the men, and had Allah-azwj the Exalted not Judged that they will not be dying, they would have dies from the least of least of that weight and the Punishment.
ثُمَّ يَخْرُجُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِعَدَدِ كُلِّ سِلْكَةٍ فِي تِلْكَ السَّرَابِيلِ مِنَ الْقَطِرَانِ وَ مُقَطَّعَاتِ النِّيرَانِ أَفْعًى وَ حَيَّةٌ وَ عَقْرَبٌ وَ أَسَدٌ وَ نَمِرٌ وَ كَلْبٌ مِنْ سِبَاعِ النَّارِ فَهَذِهِ تَنْهَشُهُ وَ هَذِهِ تَلْدَغُهُ وَ هَذَا يَفْرِسُهُ وَ هَذَا يَمْزِقُهُ وَ هَذَا يَقْطَعُهُ
Then there shall emerge to them, with the number of threads in those trousers of tar and pieces of fire, serpents and snakes and scorpions, and lions and tigers and dogs from predators of the Hellfire. This one will gnaw him, and this one will sting him, and this one will prick him, and this one will tear him, and this one will cut him.
يَقُولُونَ يَا وَلِيَّنَا مَا لَنَا تَحَوَّلَتْ عَلَيْنَا هَذِهِ الثِّيَابُ وَ قَدْ كَانَتْ مِنْ سُنْدُسٍ وَ إِسْتَبْرَقٍ وَ أَنْوَاعِ خِيَارِ أَثْوَابِ الْجَنَّةِ تَحَوَّلَتْ عَلَيْنَا مُقَطَّعَاتِ النِّيرَانِ وَ سَرَابِيلَ قَطِرَانٍ وَ هِيَ عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ ثِيَابٌ فَاخِرَةٌ مُلَذِّذَةٌ مُنَعَّمَةٌ
They will say, ‘O woe be unto us! What is the matter these clothes have transformed upon us, and they were from silk and brocade and a variety of the clothes of Paradise? They have transformed upon us as pieces of fire and trousers of tar, while upon them they are pride-worthy clothes, pleasurable, soft?’
فَيُقَالُ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ بِمَا كَانُوا يُطِيعُونَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ كُنْتُمْ تَعْصُونَ وَ كَانُوا يَعِفُّونَ وَ كُنْتُمْ تَزْنُونَ وَ كَانُوا يَخْشَوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ وَ كُنْتُمْ تَجْتَرِءُونَ وَ كَانُوا يَتَّقُونَ السَّرِقَ وَ كُنْتُمْ تَسْرِقُونَ وَ كَانُوا يَتَّقُونَ ظُلْمَ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ وَ كُنْتُمْ تَظْلِمُونَ
It will be said to them, ‘Due to their being obedient during a month of Ramazan while you were disobedience, and they were chaste while you were committing adultery, and they were fearful of their Lord-azwj while you are audacious, and they were fearing the theft while you were stealing, and they were fearing being unjust to servants of Allah-azwj while you were being unjust!
فَتِلْكَ نَتَائِجُ أَفْعَالِهِمُ الْحَسَنَةِ وَ هَذِهِ نَتَائِجُ أَفْعَالِكُمُ الْقَبِيحَةِ فَهُمْ فِي الْجَنَّةِ خَالِدُونَ لَا يَشِيبُونَ فِيهَا وَ لَا يَهْرَمُونَ وَ لَا يُحَوَّلُونَ عَنْهَا وَ لَا يَخْرُجُونَ وَ لَا يَقْلَقُون فِيهَا وَ لَا يَغْتَمُّونَ بَلْ هُمْ فِيهَا سَارُّونَ مِنْ خَوْفٍ مُبْتَهِجُونَ آمِنُونَ مُطْمَئِنُّونَ وَ لا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ لا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ
Therefore, that is a result of their good deeds and this is a result of your ugly deeds! Thereafter, they will be in the Paradise eternally. Neither will they be growing older in it nor infirm, nor be transferred away from it, nor expelled, nor be worrying in it nor sad, but they would be cheerful in it, free from fear, joyful, secure, contented. There will neither be fear upon them nor will they be grieving.
وَ أَنْتُمْ فِي النَّارِ خَالِدُونَ تُعَذَّبُونَ فِيهَا وَ تُهَانُونَ وَ مِنْ نِيرَانِهَا إِلَى زَمْهَرِيرِهَا تَنْقَلِبُونَ وَ فِي حَمِيمِهَا تَغْتَسِلُونَ وَ مِنْ زَقُّومِهَا تُطْعَمُونَ وَ لمقامعها [بِمَقَامِعِهَا] تُقْمَعُونَ وَ بِضُرُوبِ عَذَابِهَا تُعَاقَبُونَ أَحْيَاءٌ أَنْتُمْ فِيهَا وَ لَا تَمُوتُونَ أَبَدَ الْآبِدِينَ إِلَّا مَنْ لَحِقَتْهُ مِنْكُمْ رَحْمَةُ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ فَخَرَجَ مِنْهَا بِشَفَاعَةِ مُحَمَّدٍ أَفْضَلِ النَّبِيِّينَ بَعْدَ الْعَذَابِ الْأَلِيمِ وَ النَّكَالِ الشَّدِيدِ.
And you will be in the Hellfire eternally being tormented in it and being abased, and be transferred from its fires to its extreme cold, and bathing in its boiling waters, and eating from it’s bitter fruits, and being struck by its iron rods, and being punished by a variety of its punishment. You will be alive therein and not dying, forever and ever, except for the one from you whom Mercy of Lord-azwj of the worlds comes to, he will exit from it by intercession of Muhammad-saww, most superior of the Prophets-as, after the painful Punishment and the severe torment!’’[332]
62 قب، المناقب لابن شهرآشوب سُئِلَ الْحُسَيْنُ ع لِمَ افْتَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى عَبْدِهِ الصَّوْمَ
(The book) ‘Al Manaqib’ of Ibn Shehr Ashub –
‘Al-Husayn-asws was asked, ‘Why did Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Impose the fasting upon His-azwj servants?’
فَقَالَ ع لِيَجِدَ الْغَنِيُّ مَسَّ الْجُوعِ فَيَعُودَ بِالْفَضْلِ عَلَى الْمَسَاكِينِ.
He-asws said: ‘For the rich to feel the touch of hunger so he will repeat with the grace upon the needy ones’’.[333]
63 مَجَالِسُ الشَّيْخِ، ابْنِ عُبْدُونٍ عَنِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ نَصْرِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ شَهْرٌ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ صِيَامَهُ فَمَنْ صَامَهُ إِيمَاناً وَ احْتِسَاباً خَرَجَ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ كَيَوْمَ وَلَدَتْهُ أُمُّهُ.
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of the sheykh – Ibn Ubdous, from Ibn Al Zubeyr, from Ibn Fazzal, from Muhammad Bin Ubeyd, from Ubeydullah Bin Musa, from Nasr Bin Ali, from Al Nazr Bin Sinan, from Abu Salama Bin Abdul Rahman Bin Awf, from his father who said,
‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Month of Ramazan is a month Allah-azwj has Obligated its fasts upon you. The one who fasts it believing and in anticipation will emerge from his sins like the day his mother gave him birth’’.[334]
وَ مِنْهُ، عَنِ الْغَضَائِرِيِّ عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ عَنِ الْكُلَيْنِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنِ الْمِسْمَعِيِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يُوصِي وُلْدَهُ إِذَا دَخَلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَأَجْهِدُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ فَإِنَّ فِيهِ تُقَسَّمُ الْأَرْزَاقُ وَ تُكْتَبُ الْآجَالُ وَ فِيهِ يُكْتَبُ وَفْدُ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يَفِدُونَ إِلَيْهِ وَ فِيهِ لَيْلَةٌ الْعَمَلُ فِيهَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْعَمَلِ فِي أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ.
And from him, from Al Gazaair, from a group, from Al Kulayni, from Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Safwan, from Is’haq Bin Ammar, from Al Mismaie,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws bequeath to his-asws son: ‘When a month of Ramazan enters then exert yourselves for the sustenance is distributed during it, and the deaths (life terms) are Written, and in it delegations of Allah-azwj are Written, those who will be delegating to Him‑azwj (for Hajj), and there is a night, the deed in it is better than the deed in a thousand years’’.[335]
وَ مِنْهُ، عَنِ الْغَضَائِرِيِّ عَنِ التَّلَّعُكْبَرِيِّ عَنِ الْكُلَيْنِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: مَنْ لَمْ يُغْفَرْ لَهُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مَا يُغْفَرُ لَهُ إِلَى قَابِلٍ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْهَدَ عَرَفَةَ.
And from him, from Al Gazaairi, from Al Tal’akburi, from Al Kulayni, from Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazan, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Al Hakam,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘One who is not Forgiven for during a month of Ramazan will not be Forgiven for up to the following year except if he attends Arafaat’’.[336]
64 كِتَابُ الْإِمَامَةِ وَ التَّبْصِرَةِ، لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ بَابَوَيْهِ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْأَشْعَثِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص رَغِمَ أَنْفُ رَجُلٍ ذُكِرْتُ عِنْدَهُ فَلَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَيَّ
The book ‘Al Imama Wa Al Tabsira’ of Ali Bin Babuwayh – from Sahl Bin Ahmad, from Muhammad Bin Muhammad Bin Al Ash’as,
‘From Musa Bin Ismail son of Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘May the nose be rubbed of a man I-saww am mentioned in his presence but he does not send Salawaat upon me-saww!
رَغِمَ أَنْفُ رَجُلٍ أَدْرَكَ أَبَوَيْهِ عِنْدَ الْكِبَرِ فَلَمْ يُدْخِلَاهُ الْجَنَّةَ رَغِمَ أَنْفُ رَجُلٍ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ انْسَلَخَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُغْفَرَ لَهُ.
May the nose be rubbed of a man come comes across his parents at (their) old age but they do not enter him into the Paradise! May the nose be rubbed of a man a month of Ramazan enters upon him, then it slips by before (his sins) are Forgiven for him!’’[337]
باب 47 فضل جُمَعِ شهر رمضان
CHAPTER 47 – MERIT OF A FRIDAY OF A MONTH OF RAMAZAN
1- ثو، ثواب الأعمال أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع إِنَّ لِجُمَعِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ لَفَضْلًا عَلَى جُمَعِ سَائِرِ الشُّهُورِ كَفَضْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ع عَلَى سَائِرِ الرُّسُلِ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – My father, from Sa’ad, from Al Barqy, from his father, from Ahmad Bin Al Nazr, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir who said,
‘Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘The Friday of a month of Ramazan has merit over Friday of rest of the months like merit of Rasool-Allah-azwj over rest of the Rasool(s)-as’’.[338]
باب 48 أنه لم سمي هذا الشهر برمضان
CHAPTER 48 – WHY THIS MONTH HAS BEEN NAMED AS ‘RAMAZAN’
1- مع، معاني الأخبار أَبِي عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْبَزَنْطِيِّ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: كُنَّا عِنْدَهُ ثَمَانِيَةَ رِجَالٍ فَذَكَرْنَا رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ لَا تَقُولُوا هَذَا رَمَضَانُ وَ لَا ذَهَبَ رَمَضَانُ وَ لَا جَاءَ رَمَضَانُ فَإِنَّ رَمَضَانَ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَا يَجِيءُ وَ لَا يَذْهَبُ
(The book) ‘Ma’any Al Akhbaar’ – My father, from Sa’ad, from Ibn Isa, from Al Bazanty, from Hisham Bin Salim, from Sa’ad,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘We were in his-asws presence, eight men. We mentioned Ramazan. He-asws said: ‘Do not be saying, ‘This is Ramazan’, nor ‘Ramazan has gone’, nor ‘Ramazan has come’, for Ramazan is a Name from the Names of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic. It neither comes not goes!
وَ إِنَّمَا يَجِيءُ وَ يَذْهَبُ الزَّائِلُ وَ لَكِنْ قُولُوا شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَالشَّهْرُ الْمُضَافُ إِلَى الِاسْمِ وَ الِاسْمُ اسْمُ اللَّهِ وَ هُوَ الشَّهْرُ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مَثَلًا وَ عِيداً.
And rather the declining (thing) comes and goes, but say, ‘Month of Ramazan’. The ‘month’ is additional to the Name, and the Name is a Name of Allah-azwj, and it is the month in which the Quran is Revealed. Allah-azwj the Exalted has Made it an example and an Eid’’.[339]
2- مع، معاني الأخبار أَبِي عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْخَثْعَمِيِّ عَنْ غِيَاثِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ [عَلَيْهِ] لَا تَقُولُوا رَمَضَانَ وَ لَكِنْ قُولُوا شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ فَإِنَّكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ مَا رَمَضَانُ.
(The book) ‘Ma’any Al Akhbaar’ – My father, from Muhammad Al Attar, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, and Muhammad Bin Al-Husayn, from Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Khash’amy, from Giyas Bin Ibrahim,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Ali-asws, may the Salawaat of Allah-azwj be upon him-asws: ‘Do not be saying, ‘Ramazan’, but say, ‘Month of Ramazan’, for you do not know what ‘Ramazan’ is!’’[340]
3- نَوَادِرُ الرَّاوَنْدِيِّ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع لَا تَقُولُوا رَمَضَانَ فَإِنَّكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ مَا رَمَضَانُ فَمَنْ قَالَهُ فَلْيَتَصَدَّقْ وَ لْيَصُمْ كَفَّارَةً لِقَوْلِهِ وَ لَكِنْ قُولُوا كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ.
(The book) ‘Nawadir’ of Al Rawandy – By his chain,
‘From Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Ali-asws said: ‘Do not be saying, ‘Ramazan’, for you don’t know what ‘Ramazan’ is! The one who does say it, let him give charity and let him fast as an expiation for his words. But say just as Allah-azwj the Exalted has Said: The Month of Ramazan [2:185]’’.[341]
4- كِتَابُ فَضَائِلِ الْأَشْهُرِ الثَّلَاثَةِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْخَزَّازِ عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ: لَا تَقُولُوا رَمَضَانَ وَ لَا جَاءَ رَمَضَانُ وَ لَكِنْ قُولُوا شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ فَإِنَّكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ مَا رَمَضَانُ.
The book ‘Fazaail Al Ash’har Al Salasa’ – from his father, from Sa’ad Bin Abdullah, from Muhammad Bin Al-Hassan, from Muhammad Bin Al-Husayn Bin Abu Al Khattab, from Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Khazzaz, from Talha Bin Zayd,
‘From Al-Sadiq Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from his-asws forefathers‑asws having said: ‘Do not be saying, ‘Ramazan’, nor ‘Ramazan has come’, but say, ‘Month of Ramazan’, for you don’t know what ‘Ramazan’ is!’’[342]
باب 49 الدعاء عند رؤية هلال شهر رمضان و ما يقرأ في لياليه و أيامه و ما ينبغي أن يراعى فيه من الآداب
CHAPTER 49 – THE SUPPLICATION AT SIGHTING THE CRESENT OF A MONTH OF RAMAZAN, AND WHAT IS READ DURING ITS NIGHT AND ITS DAYS, AND WHAT ETIQUETTES ARE BEFITTING TO BE OBSERVED DURING IT
1- ثو، ثواب الأعمال لي، الأمالي للصدوق ابْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُلْوَانَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْبَاقِرِ ع قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا نَظَرَ إِلَى هِلَالِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ اسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةَ بِوَجْهِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ أَهِلَّهُ عَلَيْنَا بِالْأَمْنِ وَ الْإِيمَانِ وَ السَّلَامَةِ وَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ الْعَافِيَةِ الْمُجَلِّلَةِ وَ الرِّزْقِ الْوَاسِعِ وَ دَفْعِ الْأَسْقَامِ وَ تِلَاوَةِ الْقُرْآنِ وَ الْعَوْنِ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ وَ الصِّيَامِ
(The books) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’, (and) ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – Ibn Al Waleed, from Ibn Aban, from Al-Husayn Bin Saeed, from Ibn Ulwan, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir,
‘From Abu Ja’far Al-Baqir-asws having said: ‘It was so, whenever Rasool-Allah-saww looked at the crescent of a month of Ramazan, faced the Qiblah with his-saww face, then said: ‘O Allah-azwj! Let it appear to us with the security, and the Eman, and the safety, and Al-Islam, and the comprehensive well-being, and the vast sustenance, and repelling of the illnesses, and recitation of the Quran, and the assistance upon the Salat and the fasting!
اللَّهُمَّ سَلِّمْنَا لِشَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ سَلِّمْهُ لَنَا وَ تَسَلَّمْهُ مِنَّا حَتَّى يَنْقَضِيَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ قَدْ غَفَرْتَ لَنَا.
O Allah-azwj! Keeps us safe for the month of Ramazan and Keep it safe for us, and Accept is from us until the month of Ramazan expires and You-azwj have Forgiven for us!’’[343]
2- لي، الأمالي للصدوق أَبِي عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ هَارُونَ عَنْ أَبِي يَزِيدَ عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع عَلَيْكُمْ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ بِكَثْرَةِ الِاسْتِغْفَارِ وَ الدُّعَاءِ فَأَمَّا الدُّعَاءُ فَيُدْفَعُ عَنْكُمْ بِهِ الْبَلَاءُ وَ أَمَّا الِاسْتِغْفَارُ فَتُمْحَى بِهِ ذُنُوبُكُمْ.
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – From Ali Bin Musa, from Ibn Isa, from Ali Bin Al-Hassan, from Muhammad Bin Ubeyd, from Ubeyd Bin Haroun, from Abu Yazeed, from Huseyn,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘During a month of Ramazan, upon you is with frequently seeking the Forgiveness and the supplication. As for the supplication, the afflictions are repelled from you due to it, and as for seeking the Forgiveness, your sins are deleted due to it’’.[344]
3- لي، الأمالي للصدوق عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع قَالَ: إِذَا أَتَى شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَاقْرَأْ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ إِنَّا أَنْزَلْناهُ أَلْفَ مَرَّةٍ فَإِذَا أَتَتْ لَيْلَةُ ثَلَاثَةٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ فَاشْدُدْ قَلْبَكَ وَ افْتَحْ أُذُنَيْكَ لِسَمَاعِ الْعَجَائِبِ مِمَّا تَرَى
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq,
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws having said: ‘When a month of Ramazan comes, read every night Surah Al-Qadr a thousand times. When the night of twenty-third comes, then strengthen your heart and open your ears to listen to the wonders from what you see!’
قَالَ وَ قَالَ رَجُلٌ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ أَعْرِفُ أَنَّ لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِ تَكُونُ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ
He-asws said, ‘And a man said to Abu Ja’far-asws, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! How can I recognise Laylat Al-Qadr happening during every year?’
قَالَ إِذَا أَتَى شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَاقْرَأْ سُورَةَ الدُّخَانِ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ مَرَّةً وَ إِذَا أَتَتْ لَيْلَةُ ثَلَاثَةٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ فَإِنَّكَ نَاظِرٌ إِلَى تَصْدِيقِ الَّذِي عَنْهُ سَأَلْتَ.
He-asws said: ‘When a month of Ramazan comes, read Surah Al Dukhan once during every night, and what the night of the twenty-third comes, you will look at verification of that which you had asked for!’’[345]
4- ما، الأمالي للشيخ الطوسي جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ أَبِي الْمُفَضَّلِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ جَدِّهِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ع قَالَ: بَيْنَا أَنَا مَعَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع فِي طَرِيقٍ أَوْ مَسِيرٍ إِذْ نَظَرَ إِلَى هِلَالِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ
(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of the sheykh Al Tusi – A group, from Abu Al Mufazzal, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Al-Husayn Bin Is’haq Bin Ja’far, from his grandfather Al-Husayn,
‘From his father Is’haq son of Ja’far-asws, from his brother Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws, from his father Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, from his-asws father-asws Muhammad Bin Ali-asws having said: ‘While I-asws was with Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws in a road or travel, when he-asws looked at the crescent of a month of Ramazan.
فَوَقَفَ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيُّهَا الْخَلْقُ الْمُطِيعُ الدَّائِبُ السَّرِيعُ الْمُتَرَدِّدُ فِي مَنَازِلِ التَّقْدِيرِ الْمُتَصَرِّفُ فِي فَلَكِ التَّدْبِيرِ آمَنْتُ بِمَنْ نَوَّرَ بِكَ الظُّلَمَ وَ أَوْضَحَ بِكَ الْبُهَمَ وَ جَعَلَكَ آيَةً مِنْ آيَاتِ مُلْكِهِ وَ عَلَامَةً مِنْ عَلَامَاتِ سُلْطَانِهِ
He-asws paused, then said: ‘O you obedient creature, the constant, the swift, fluctuating in the stages of Pre-determination, navigating in the managed orbits! I-asws have believed in the One Who Irradiated the darkness by you, and Clarified the ambiguities by you, and Made you a sign from the signs of His-azwj Kingdom, and a mark from the markings of His-azwj Authority!
فَحَدَّ بِكَ الزَّمَانَ وَ امْتَهَنَكَ بِالْكَمَالِ وَ النُّقْصَانِ وَ الطُّلُوعِ وَ الْأُفُولِ وَ الْإِنَارَةِ وَ الْكُسُوفِ فِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ أَنْتَ لَهُ مُطِيعٌ وَ إِلَى إِرَادَتِهِ سَرِيعٌ
He-azwj has Defined the times through you and has Tested you with the Perfection and the deficiency, and the emerging and the setting, and the Irradiating and the eclipsing. In all that you are obedient to Him-azwj and swift to His-azwj Will!
سُبْحَانَهُ مَا أَعْجَبَ مَا دَبَّرَ أَمْرَكَ وَ أَلْطَفَ مَا صَنَعَ فِي شَأْنِكَ جَعَلَكَ مِفْتَاحَ شَهْرٍ لِحَادِثِ أَمْرٍ جَعَلَكَ اللَّهُ هِلَالَ بَرَكَةٍ لَا تَمْحَقُهَا الْأَيَّامُ وَ طَهَارَةٍ لَا تُدَنِّسُهَا الْآثَامُ
Glory be to Him-azwj! How marvellously He-azwj has Arranged your affair, and how subtly He-azwj has Crafted your occupation! He-azwj Made you a key to opening (beginning) of a month for a new matter. Allah-azwj has Made you a crescent, a Blessing the days cannot erase and a purity the sins cannot dirty!
هِلَالَ أَمَنَةٍ مِنَ الْآفَاتِ وَ سَلَامَةٍ مِنَ السَّيِّئَاتِ هِلَالَ سَعْدٍ لَا نَحْسَ فِيهِ وَ يُمْنٍ لَا نَكَدَ فِيهِ وَ يُسْرٍ لَا يُمَازِجُهُ عُسْرٌ وَ خَيْرٍ لَا يَشُوبُهُ شَرٌّ هِلَالَ أَمْنٍ وَ إِيمَانٍ وَ نِعْمَةٍ وَ إِحْسَانٍ
A crescent of security from the calamities and a safety from the evil deeds! A fortunate crescent having not inauspiciousness in it, and prosperity without adversity, and ease not mingled with difficulty, and good not tainted by evil! A crescent of security and Eman and bounties and Favours!
اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْنَا مِنْ أَرْضَى مَنْ طَلَعَ عَلَيْهِ وَ أَزْكَى مَنْ نَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ وَ أَسْعَدَ مَنْ تَعَبَّدَ لَكَ فِيهِ وَ وَفِّقْنَا اللَّهُمَّ فِيهِ لِلطَّاعَةِ وَ التَّوْبَةِ وَ اعْصِمْنَا مِنَ الْآثَامِ وَ الْحَوْبَةِ وَ أَوْزِعْنَا شُكْرَ النِّعْمَةِ وَ اجْعَلْ لَنَا فِيهِ عَوْناً مِنْكَ عَلَى مَا تَدَنَّيْنَا إِلَيْهِ مِنْ مُفْتَرَضِ طَاعَتِكَ وَ نَفْلِهَا إِنَّكَ الْأَكْرَمُ مِنْ كُلِّ كَرِيمٍ وَ الْأَرْحَمُ مِنْ كُلِّ رَحِيمٍ آمِينَ آمِينَ رَبَّ الْعَالَمِينَ.
O Allah-azwj! Make us from the ones most satisfied of the ones it emerges upon, and purest of the ones looking at it, and most fortunate of the ones worshipping to You-azwj in it! And O Allah-azwj, Harmonise us in it for the obedience, and the repentance, and Fortify us from the sins and the transgressions, and Inspire us to thank for the bounties, and Make for us in it an Assistance from You-azwj upon what we can make it a religion of fulfilling obedience to You‑azwj, obligatory and optional, surely, You-azwj are more Benevolent than every benevolent one, and more Merciful than every merciful! Ameen! Ameen, Lord-azwj of the worlds!’’[346]
5- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام اعْلَمْ يَرْحَمُكَ اللَّهُ أَنَّ لِشَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ حُرْمَةً لَيْسَتْ كَحُرْمَةِ سَائِرِ الشُّهُورِ لِمَا خَصَّهُ اللَّهُ بِهِ وَ فَضَّلَهُ وَ جَعَلَ فِيهِ لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِ الْعَمَلُ فِيهَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْعَمَلِ فِي أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ لَيْسَ فِيهَا لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – ‘May Allah-azwj Mercy you! Know that a month of Ramazan has sanctity until sanctity of rest of the months due to what Allah-azwj has Specialised with it, and Preferred it, and Made Laylat Al-Qadr to be in it. The deed during it is better than the deed in a thousand months not having Laylat Al-Qadr in it!
فَعَلَيْكُمْ بِغَضِّ الطَّرْفِ وَ كَفِّ الْجَوَارِحِ عَمَّا نَهَى اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَ تِلَاوَةِ الْقُرْآنِ وَ التَّسْبِيحِ وَ التَّهْلِيلِ وَ الْإِكْثَارِ مِنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَ الصَّلَاةِ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فِي اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ وَ لَا تَجْعَلُوا يَوْمَ صَوْمِكُمْ كَيَوْمِ فِطْرِكُمْ وَ إِنَّ الصَّوْمَ جُنَّةٌ مِنَ النَّارِ.
Upon you all is with closing the eyes and restraining the limbs from what Allah-azwj has Prohibited, and reciting the Quran, and the glorifying, and extolling the Oneness, and frequenting from doing Zikr of Allah-azwj, and the Salawaat upon Rasool-Allah-saww during night and day, whatever you can, and do not make a day of your fasting to be like a day of your breaking, and the fast is a shield from the Hellfire!’’[347]
وَ قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَصَامَ نَهَارَهُ وَ أَقَامَ وِرْداً فِي لَيْلَتِهِ وَ حَفِظَ فَرْجَهُ وَ لِسَانَهُ وَ غَضَّ بَصَرَهُ وَ كَفَّ أَذَاهُ خَرَجَ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ كَهَيْئَةِ يَوْمَ وَلَدَتْهُ أُمُّهُ
And it has been reported from the Prophet-saww, he-saww said: ‘One upon whom a month of Ramazan enters, so he fasts its days and stand along during its night (for Salat), and protects his private parts and his tongue, and closes his eyes (from Prohibitions), and restrains his harm will come out from his sins like the day his mother had given him birth’.
فَقِيلَ لَهُ مَا أَحْسَنَ هَذَا مِنْ حَدِيثٍ
It was said to him-asws, ‘How excellent this Hadeeth is!’
فَقَالَ مَا أَصْعَبَ هَذَا مِنْ شَرْطٍ.
He-asws said: ‘How difficult these conditions are!’’[348]
وَ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص أَنَّهُ قَالَ: نَوْمُ الصَّائِمِ عِبَادَةٌ وَ نَفَسُهُ تَسْبِيحٌ.
And it is reported from the Prophet-saww, he-saww said: ‘Sleep of the fasting one is worship and his breathing is glorification (Tasbeeh)’’.[349]
وَ قِيلَ لِلصَّائِمِ فَرْحَتَانِ فَرْحَةٌ عِنْدَ إِفْطَارِهِ وَ فَرْحَةٌ عِنْدَ لِقَاءِ رَبِّهِ.
And it is said: ‘For the fasting one there are two joys – at his breaking the fast and his happiness at meeting his Lord-azwj.
اتَّبِعُوا سُنَّةَ الصَّالِحِينَ فِيمَا أَمَرُوا بِهِ وَ نَهَوْا عَنْهُ وَ إِذَا رَأَيْتَ هِلَالَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَلَا تُشِرْ إِلَيْهِ وَ لَكِنِ اسْتَقْبِلِ الْقِبْلَةَ وَ ارْفَعْ يَدَيْكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَ خَاطِبِ الْهِلَالَ وَ كَبِّرْ فِي وَجْهِهِ
Follow the practices of the righteous ones in what they have been Commanded with and Prohibited from, and when you see the crescent of a month of Ramazan, do not gesture to it, but face the Qiblah and raise your hands towards Allah-azwj and address the crescent, and exclaim Takbeer in its face.
ثُمَّ تَقُولُ رَبِّي وَ رَبُّكَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ اللَّهُمَّ أَهِلَّهُ عَلَيْنَا بِالْأَمْنِ وَ الْأَمَانَةِ وَ الْإِيمَانِ وَ السَّلَامَةِ وَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ الْمُسَارَعَةِ فِيمَا تُحِبُّ وَ تَرْضَى اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَنَا فِي شَهْرِنَا هَذَا وَ ارْزُقْنَا عَوْنَهُ وَ خَيْرَهُ وَ اصْرِفْ عَنَّا شَرَّهُ وَ ضَرَّهُ وَ بَلَاءَهُ وَ فِتْنَتَهُ
Then say, ‘My Lord-azwj and your Lord-azwj is Allah-azwj, Lord-azwj of the worlds! O Allah-azwj! Make it appear upon us with the security, and the entrustment, and the Eman, and the safety, and Al-Islam, and the quickness in what You-azwj Love and are Satisfied with! O Allah-azwj! Bless for us in this month of ours, and Grace us its assistance and its goodness, and Turn away from us its evil and its harm, and its afflictions at its discord!’
وَ أَكْثِرْ فِي هَذَا الشَّهْرِ الْمُبَارَكِ مِنْ قِرَاءَةِ الْقُرْآنِ وَ الصَّلَاةِ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ كَثْرَةِ الصَّدَقَةِ وَ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ فِي آنَاءِ اللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ وَ بِرِّ الْإِخْوَانِ وَ إِفْطَارِهِمْ مَعَكَ بِمَا يُمْكِنُكَ فَإِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ ثَوَاباً عَظِيماً وَ أَجْراً كَبِيراً.
And frequent from this Blessed month from reading the Quran and the Salawaat upon Rasool-Allah-saww, and a lot of charity, and Zikr of Allah-azwj in hours of the night and the day, and righteousness to the brothers and their breaking the fast with you with whatever is possible for you, for there is mighty Reward in that and a great Recompense!’’[350]
6- ين، كتاب حسين بن سعيد و النوادر فَضَالَةُ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص رَمَضَانُ شَهْرُ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى اسْتَكْثِرُوا فِيهِ مِنَ التَّهْلِيلِ وَ التَّكْبِيرِ وَ التَّحْمِيدِ وَ التَّمْجِيدِ وَ التَّسْبِيحِ وَ هُوَ رَبِيعُ الْفُقَرَاءِ وَ إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ فِيهِ الْأَضْحَى لِتَشْبَعَ الْمَسَاكِينُ مِنَ اللَّحْمِ
The book of Haseen Bin Saeed, and ‘Al Nawadir’ – Fazalat, from Ismail, from Abu Ziyad,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Ramazan is a month of Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted. Frequent in it from extolling the Oneness, and exclaiming the Greatness, and the Laudation, and the Praising, and the Glorifying, and it is a nourisher of the poor, and rather the sacrifice has been Made in it to satiate the needy ones, from the (sacrificial) meat.
فَأَظْهِرُوا مِنْ فَضْلِ مَا أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ بِهِ عَلَيْكُمْ عَلَى عِيَالاتِكُمْ وَ جِيرَانِكُمْ وَ أَحْسِنُوا جِوَارَ نِعَمِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَ تَوَاصَلُوا إِخْوَانَكُمْ وَ أَطْعِمُوا الْفُقَرَاءَ وَ الْمَسَاكِينَ مِنْ إِخْوَانِكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ فَطَّرَ صَائِماً فَلَهُ مِثْلُ أَجْرِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يُنْقَصَ مِنْ أَجْرِهِ شَيْئاً
Manifest from the Grace what Allah-azwj has Favoured with upon you, upon your dependants, and your neighbours, and be excellent neighbours, Allah-azwj will Favour upon you, and connect (help) your brethren, and feed the poor and the needy from your brethren, for the one who breaks a fast (by providing a meal) to a fasting one, for him would be Recompense similar to his Recompense from without there being reduction from his Recompense by anything!
وَ سُمِّيَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ شَهْرَ الْعِتْقِ لِأَنَّ لِلَّهِ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَ لَيْلَةٍ سِتَّمِائَةِ عَتِيقٍ وَ فِي آخِرِهِ مِثْلَ مَا أَعْتَقَ فِيمَا مَضَى.
And month of Ramazan has been named as ‘a month of liberation’, because for Allah-azwj, during every day and night, there are six hundred liberations, and in its end is similar to what He-azwj had Liberated in what has passed’’.[351]
6- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام اعْلَمْ أَنَّ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ شَهْرٌ لَهُ حُرْمَةٌ وَ فَضْلٌ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ فَعَلَيْكَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتَ فِيهِ بِحِفْظِ الْجَوَارِحِ كُلِّهَا وَ اجْتِنَابِ مَا نَهَاكَ عَنْهُ فِي السِّرِّ وَ الْعَلَانِيَةِ فَإِنَّ الصَّوْمَ فِيهِ سِرٌّ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ الْعَبْدِ
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – ‘Know that a month of Ramazan is a month having sanctity for it and merit in the Presence of Allah-azwj, Majestic and Mighty. Upon you in it, as much as you can, is to protect your limbs, all of them, and shun whatever you have been Prohibited from, in the secret and the open, for the fast, in it is a secret between Him-azwj and the servant.
فَمَنْ رَدَّهَا عَلَى مَا أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ فَقَدْ عَظُمَ أَجْرُهُ وَ ثَوَابُهُ وَ مَنْ تَهَاوَنَ فِيهِ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ السَّخَطُ مِنْهُ وَ اتَّقُوهُ حَقَّ تُقَاتِهِ فَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا وَ الَّذِينَ هُمْ مُحْسِنُونَ.
The one who fulfils it based upon what Allah-azwj has Commanded him, his Recompense and his Rewards would be magnified, and one who is careless in it, will be obligated the Wrath from Him-azwj; and fear Him-azwj as is a right of fearing Him-azwj, for Allah-azwj is with those who fear and these one, they are the good doers’’.[352]
7- أَعْلَامُ الدِّينِ، عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ قَرَأَ فِي رَجَبٍ وَ شَعْبَانَ وَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ وَ لَيْلَةٍ فَاتِحَةَ الْكِتَابِ وَ آيَةَ الْكُرْسِيِّ وَ قُلْ يا أَيُّهَا الْكافِرُونَ وَ قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ وَ قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ وَ قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ
(The book) ‘A’lam Al Deen’ –
‘From Amir Al-Momineen-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘One who reads during Rajab, and Shaban and month of Ramazan, every day and night, Surah Al Fatiha, and Ayat Al Kursi, and Surah Al Kafiroun, and Surah Al Tawheed, and Surah Al Naasf, and Surah Al Falaq three times;
وَ يَقُولُ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ وَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ وَ لَا حَوْلَ وَ لَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ الْعَلِيِّ الْعَظِيمِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي عَلَى النَّبِيِّ وَ آلِهِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ وَ يَقُولُ اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلَى كُلِّ مَلَكٍ وَ نَبِيٍّ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ-
And he says, ‘Glory be to Allah-azwj, and the Praise is for Allah-azwj, and there is no god except Allah-azwj, and Allah-azwj is Greatest, and there is neither might nor strength except with Allah‑azwj the Exalted, the Magnificent, three times, then sends Salawaat unto the Prophet-saww and his-saww Progeny-asws three times, and he says, ‘O Allah-azwj! Send Salawaat upon Muhammad-saww and Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww, and upon every Angel and Prophet-as’, three times;
ثُمَّ يَقُولُ اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ وَ أَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ مَرَّةٍ
Then he says, ‘O Allah-azwj! Forgive for the believing men and the believing women’, three times, then he says, ‘I seek Forgiveness of Allah-azwj and I repent to Him-azwj, four hundred times’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص وَ الَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ مَنْ قَرَأَ هَذِهِ السُّوَرَ وَ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ فِي الشُّهُورِ الثَّلَاثَةِ وَ لَيَالِيهَا لَا يَفُوتُهُ شَيْءٌ لَوْ كَانَتْ ذُنُوبُهُ عَدَدَ قَطْرِ الْمَطَرِ وَ وَرَقِ الشَّجَرِ وَ زَبَدِ الْبَحْرِ غَفَرَهَا اللَّهُ لَهُ
Then the Prophet-saww said: ‘By the One in Whose Hand is my-saww soul! One who reads these chapters and does that, all of it during the three months and their nights, he will not miss out anything, even if his sins were the number of drops of rain, and leaves of the tree, and foam of the sea, Allah-azwj will Forgive these for him!
وَ إِنَّهُ يُنَادِي مُنَادٍ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ يَقُولُ يَا عَبْدِي أَنْتَ وَلِيِّي حَقّاً حَقّاً وَ لَكَ عِنْدِي بِكُلِّ حَرْفٍ قَرَأْتَهُ شَفَاعَةٌ فِي الْإِخْوَانِ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ بِكَرَامَتِكَ عَلَيَّ
And a caller will call out on the day of Al-Fitr saying: “O My-azwj servants! You are My-azwj friend, truly, truly, and for you, in My-azwj Presence, with every letter you have read is intercession regarding the brothers and the sisters due to your prestige unto Me-azwj!”’
ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ الَّذِي بَعَثَنِي بِالْحَقِّ نَبِيّاً إِنَّ مَنْ قَرَأَ هَذِهِ السُّوَرَ وَ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فِي هَذِهِ الشُّهُورِ الثَّلَاثَةِ وَ لَيَالِيهَا وَ لَوْ فِي عُمُرِهِ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً أَعْطَاهُ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ حَرْفٍ سَبْعِينَ أَلْفَ حَسَنَةٍ كُلُّ حَسَنَةٍ أَثْقَلُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ جِبَالِ الدُّنْيَا
Then Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘By the One Who Sent me-saww with the truth as a Prophet-saww! One who reads these chapters and does that in these three months and their nights, and even if one time during his lifetime, Allah-azwj will Give him, with every letter, seventy thousand good deeds, each good deed being heavier in the Presence of Allah-azwj than a mountain of the world!
وَ يَقْضِي اللَّهُ لَهُ سَبْعَمِائَةِ حَاجَةٍ عِنْدَ نَزْعِهِ وَ سَبْعَمِائَةِ حَاجَةٍ فِي الْقَبْرِ وَ سَبْعَمِائَةٍ عِنْدَ خُرُوجِهِ مِنْ قَبْرِهِ وَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَ تَطَايُرِ الصُّحُفِ وَ مِثْلَهُ عِنْدَ الْمِيزَانِ وَ مِثْلَهُ عِنْدَ الصِّرَاطِ وَ يُظِلُّهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى تَحْتَ ظِلِّ عَرْشِهِ وَ يُحَاسِبُهُ حِسَاباً يَسِيراً وَ يُشَيِّعُهُ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ
And Allah-azwj will Fulfil for him seven hundred needs at his pangs of death, and seven hundred needs in the grave, and seven hundred at his exit from his grave, and similar to that at publicising of the books, and similar to it at the Scale, and similar to it at the Bridge, and Allah‑azwj the Exalted will Shade him beneath the shade of His-azwj Throne and Reckon him with an easy Reckoning, and seventy thousand Angels will escort him to the Paradise.
وَ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى خُذْهَا لَكَ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَشْهُرِ وَ يَذْهَبُ بِهِ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَ قَدْ أَعَدَّ لَهُ مَا لَا عَيْنٌ رَأَتْ وَ لَا أُذُنٌ سَمِعْتُ.
And Allah-azwj the Exalted will Say: “Take it for you, regarding these months!”, and they will go with him to the Paradise, and there would have been prepared for him what neither an eye has seen nor an ear had heard of’’.[353]
8- دَعَائِمُ الْإِسْلَامِ، رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا رَأَى الْهِلَالَ قَالَ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ خَيْرَ هَذَا الشَّهْرِ وَ فَتْحَهُ وَ نَصْرَهُ وَ نُورَهُ وَ رِزْقَهُ وَ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّهِ وَ شَرِّ مَا بَعْدَهُ.
(The book) ‘Da’aim Al-Islam’ –
‘We are reporting from Ali-asws, whenever he-asws saw the crescent (of a month of Ramazan), said: ‘Allah-azwj is Greatest! O Allah-azwj! I-asws ask You-azwj good of this month, and its victory, and its help, and its light, and its sustenance, and I seek Refuge with You-azwj from its evil and evil of what is after it!’’[354]
9- الْهِدَايَةُ، قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع إِذَا رَأَيْتَ هِلَالَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَلَا تُشِرْ إِلَيْهِ بِالْأَصَابِعِ وَ لَكِنِ اسْتَقْبِلِ الْقِبْلَةَ وَ ارْفَعْ يَدَيْكَ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَ خَاطِبِ الْهِلَالَ تَقُولُ رَبِّي وَ رَبُّكَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ
(The book) ‘Al Hidaya’ –
‘Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘When you see the crescent of a month of Ramazan, do not gesture to it with the fingers, but face the Qiblah and raise your hands towards the sky and address the crescent saying, ‘My Lord-azwj and your Lord-azwj is Allah-azwj, Lord-azwj of the worlds!
اللَّهُمَّ أَهِلَّهُ عَلَيْنَا بِالْأَمْنِ وَ الْإِيمَانِ وَ السَّلَامَةِ وَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ الْمُسَارَعَةِ إِلَى مَا تُحِبُّ وَ تَرْضَى اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَنَا فِي شَهْرِنَا هَذَا وَ ارْزُقْنَا عَوْنَهُ وَ خَيْرَهُ وَ اصْرِفْ عَنَّا ضَرَّهُ وَ شَرَّهُ وَ بَلَاءَهُ وَ فِتْنَتَهُ.
O Allah-azwj! Make it appear to us with the security, and the Eman, and the safety, and Al-Islam, and the swiftness to what You-azwj Love and are Satisfied with! O Allah-azwj! Bless for us in this month of ours, and Grace us its assistance, and its goodness, and Turn away from us its harm and its evil and its afflictions and its discord!’’[355]
باب 50 الدعاء في مفتتح هذا الشهر و في أول ليلة منه
CHAPTER 50 – THE SUPPLICATION IN THE START OF THIS MONTH AND IN THE FIRST NIGHT FROM IT
1- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنِ الْحَارِثِ النَّضْرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: قَالَ فِي آخِرِ شَعْبَانَ إِنَّ هَذَا الشَّهْرَ الْمُبَارَكَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلْتَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنَ وَ جَعَلْتَهُ هُدًى لِلنَّاسِ وَ بَيِّنَاتٍ مِنَ الْهُدَى وَ الْفُرْقَانِ قَدْ حَضَرَ سَلِّمْنَا فِيهِ وَ سَلِّمْنَا لَهُ وَ سَلِّمْهُ مِنَّا فِي يُسْرٍ مِنْكَ وَ عَافِيَةٍ.
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Al Haris Al Nazry,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws, he (the narrator) said, ‘He-asws said in the end of Shaban: ‘This month is the Blessed which the Quran has been Revealed in, and it has been Made a Guidance for the people, and clear evidence from the Guidance and the Furqan; [2:185], is presenting (approaching). Keep us safe us in it, and Keep us safe for it, and Accept it from us in ease from You-azwj and well-being’’.[356]
2- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ عُبْدُوسٍ الْعَطَّارِ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِذَا حَضَرَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَقُلِ اللَّهُمَّ قَدْ حَضَرَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ قَدِ افْتَرَضْتَ عَلَيْنَا صِيَامَهُ وَ أَنْزَلْتَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنَ هُدىً لِلنَّاسِ وَ بَيِّناتٍ مِنَ الْهُدى وَ الْفُرْقانِ
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – From Ubdous Al Attar, from Abu Baseer,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘When a month of Ramazan presents, say, ‘O Allah-azwj! The month of Ramazan is presenting and You-azwj have Obligates its fasts upon us and have Revealed the Quran in it as a Guidance for the people, and clear evidence from the Guidance and the Furqan; [2:185]!
اللَّهُمَّ أَعِنَّا عَلَى صِيَامِهِ وَ تَقَبَّلْهُ مِنَّا وَ سَلِّمْنَا فِيهِ وَ سَلِّمْهُ مِنَّا وَ سَلِّمْنَا لَهُ فِي يُسْرٍ مِنْكَ وَ عَافِيَةٍ إِنَّكَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ يَا أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِينَ.
O Allah-azwj! Assist us upon its fasts and Accept it from us, and Keep us safe in it, and Accept it from us, and Keep us safe for it in ease from You-azwj and well-being, You-azwj are Able upon all things, O most Merciful of the merciful ones!’’[357]
باب 51 نوافل شهر رمضان
CHAPTER 51 – OPTIONALS OF A MONTH OF RAMAZAN
1- كا، الكافي عَلِيٌّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْهِلَالِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع قَدْ عَمِلَتِ الْوُلَاةُ قَبْلِي أَعْمَالًا خَالَفُوا فِيهَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص مُتَعَمِّدِينَ لِخِلَافِهِ وَ لَوْ حَمَلْتُ النَّاسَ عَلَى تَرْكِهَا لَتَفَرَّقُوا عَنِّي
(The book) ‘Al Kafi’ – Ali, from his father, from Hammad Bin Isa, from Ibrahim Bin Umar, from Ibn Abu Ayyash, from Suleym Bin Qays Al Hilali who said,
‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘The rulers before me-asws had worked opposing Rasool-Allah‑saww in it, deliberating for his-saww caliphate, and if I-asws were to carry the people upon leaving these, they will disperse from me-asws!’
وَ سَاقَ الْخُطْبَةَ الطَّوِيلَةَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ وَ اللَّهِ لَقَدْ أَمَرْتُ النَّاسَ أَنْ لَا يَجْتَمِعُوا فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِلَّا فِي فَرِيضَةٍ وَ أَعْلَمْتُهُمْ أَنَّ اجْتِمَاعَهُمْ فِي النَّوَافِلِ بِدْعَةٌ فَتَنَادَى بَعْضُ أَهْلِ عَسْكَرِي مِمَّنْ يُقَاتِلُ مَعِي يَا أَهْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ غُيِّرَتْ سُنَّةُ عُمَرَ يَنْهَانَا عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ تَطَوُّعاً
And he-asws continued the long sermon up to he-asws said: ‘By Allah-azwj! I-asws had ordered the people not to be gathering during a month of Ramazan except regarding obligatory (Salat) and I-asws let them know that their gathering regarding the optional (Salat) is an innovation, so one of the people of the army, from the ones who had fought alongside me-asws, called out, ‘O people of Al-Islam! He-asws has changed the sunnah of Umar! He-asws is forbidding us from the Salat during a month of Ramazan voluntarily!’
وَ لَقَدْ خِفْتُ أَنْ يَثُورُوا فِي نَاحِيَةِ جَانِبِ عَسْكَرِي مَا لَقِيتُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ مِنَ الْفُرْقَةِ وَ طَاعَةِ أَئِمَّةِ الضَّلَالِ وَ الدُّعَاةِ إِلَى النَّارِ الْخَبَرَ.
And I-asws have feared a revolt in a section of a side of my-asws army. Oh what I-asws have faced from this community, from the divisions and obedience to the leaders of straying, and the callers to the Hellfire!’ – the Hadeeth’’.[358]
2- ب، قرب الإسناد ابْنُ عِيسَى عَنِ الْبَزَنْطِيِّ عَنِ الرِّضَا ع قَالَ: كَانَ أَبِي ع يَزِيدَ فِي الْعَشْرِ الْأَوَاخِرِ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ عِشْرِينَ رَكْعَةً.
(The book) ‘Qurb Al Isnaad’ – Ibn Isa, from Al Bazanty,
‘From Al-Reza-asws having said: ‘My-asws father-asws, during the last ten days of a month of Ramazan, increased twenty units of Salat during each night!’’[359]
3- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام قَالَ الْعَالِمُ ع قِيَامُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ بِدْعَةٌ وَ صِيَامُهُ مَفْرُوضٌ
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – ‘The Scholar-asws said: ‘Standing (at night for Salat) in a month of Ramazan is an innovation, and its fasts are obligatory’.
فَقُلْتُ كَيْفَ أُصَلِّي فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ
I said, ‘How do I pray Salat in a month of Ramazan?’
فَقَالَ عَشْرُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ الْوَتْرُ وَ الرَّكْعَتَانِ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ كَذَلِكَ كَانَ يُصَلِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ لَوْ كَانَ خَيْراً لَمْ يَتْرُكْهُ
He-asws said: ‘Ten units, and the single, and the two units before Al-Fajar. Like that Rasool-Allah-saww had prayed, and had it been good, he-saww would not have left it’.
وَ أَرْوِي عَنْهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ص كَانَ يَخْرُجُ فَيُصَلِّي وَحْدَهُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَإِذَا كَثُرَ النَّاسُ خَلْفَهُ دَخَلَ الْبَيْتَ.
And it is reported from him-asws that the Prophet-saww had gone out and prayed Salat alone during a month of Ramazan. When the people were a lot behind him-saww, he-saww entered the house’’.[360]
4- ضا، فقه الرضا عليه السلام اتَّبِعُوا سُنَّةَ الصَّالِحِينَ فِيمَا أَمَرُوا بِهِ وَ نَهَوْا عَنْهُ وَ صَلُّوا فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَوَّلَ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْهُ إِلَى عِشْرِينَ يَمْضِي مِنْهُ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ عَلَى نَوَافِلِكُمْ فِي غَيْرِهِ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ عِشْرِينَ رَكْعَةً ثَمَانِيَةً مِنْهَا بَعْدَ صَلَاةِ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ بَعْدَ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ وَ فِي الْعَشْرِ الْأَوَاخِرِ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ ثَلَاثُونَ رَكْعَةً اثْنَانِ وَ عِشْرُونَ بَعْدَ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ.
(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza-asws’, may the greeting be upon him-asws – Follow the sunnah (practices) of the righteous ones in what they have been Commanded with and Prohibited from, and pray Salat during a month of Ramazan, in the first night from it up to twenty passing from it, additional upon your optional (Salats) in other, in every night, twenty units – eight from these after Al-Maghrib Salat, and twelve after Al-Isha the last, and in the last ten days, in every night, thirty units, twenty-two after Al-Isha the last’’.[361]
وَ رُوِيَ أَنَّ الثَّمَانَ مُثْبَتٌ بَعْدَ الْمَغْرِبِ لَا يَزْدَادُ وَ اثني [اثْنَيْنِ] وَ عِشْرِينَ بَعْدَ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ
And it is reported that the eight (units) are affirmed after Al-Maghrib, not increased, and twenty-two after Al-Isha the last.
وَ قِيلَ اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً مِنْهَا بَعْدَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ ثَمَانَ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً بَعْدَ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ وَ صَلُّوا فِي لَيْلَةِ إِحْدَى وَ عِشْرِينَ وَ ثَلَاثٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ مِائَةَ رَكْعَةٍ يقرءون [تَقْرَءُونَ] فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ فَاتِحَةَ الْكِتَابِ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَ قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ عَشْرَ مَرَّاتٍ وَ احْسُبُوا الثَّلَاثِينَ الرَّكْعَةَ مِنَ الْمِائَةِ
And it is said, ‘Twelve units from these are after Al-Maghrib, and eighteen units after Al-Isha the last; and pray during the twenty-first night, and the twenty-third night one hundred units, reading in each unit Surah Al Fatiha one time and Surah Al Tawheed ten times, and calculate thirty units from the one hundred.
فَإِنْ لَمْ تُطِقْ ذَلِكَ مِنْ قِيَامٍ صَلَّيْتَ وَ أَنْتَ جَالِسٌ وَ إِنْ شِئْتَ قَرَأْتَ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ مَرَّةً مَرَّةً قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ وَ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ أَنْ تُحْيِيَ هَاتَيْنِ اللَّيْلَتَيْنِ إِلَى الصُّبْحِ فَافْعَلْ.
If you cannot endure that from standing, pray while you are seated, and if you like read in every unit once, once Surah Al Tawheed, and if you are capable to revive these two nights up to the morning, do so!’’[362]
5- شي، تفسير العياشي عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ع قَالَ: لَمَّا كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي الْكُوفَةِ أَتَاهُ النَّاسُ فَقَالُوا اجْعَلْ لَنَا إِمَاماً مِنَّا فِي رَمَضَانَ
Tafseer Al Ayyashi – from Hareez, from one of our companions,
‘From one of the two (5th or 6th Imam-asws) having said: ‘When Amir Al-Momineen-asws was in Al-Kufa, the people came to him-asws. They said, ‘Make from us an imam (prayer leader) for us during Ramazan!’
فَقَالَ لَا
He-asws said: ‘No!’
وَ نَهَاهُمْ أَنْ يَجْتَمِعُوا فِيهِ فَلَمَّا أَمْسَوْا جَعَلُوا يَقُولُونَ ابْكُوا فِي رَمَضَانَ وَا رَمَضَانَاهْ
And he-asws prohibited them from gathering during it. When it was evening, they went on to say crying in Ramazan, ‘Waah Ramazan!’
فَأَتَاهُ الْحَارِثُ الْأَعْوَرُ فِي أُنَاسٍ فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ضَجَّ النَّاسُ وَ كَرِهُوا قَوْلَكَ
Al-Haris Al-Awr came to him-asws among some people. He said, ‘O Amir Al-Momineen-asws, the people are clamouring and they are disliking your-asws word!’
فَقَالَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ دَعُوهُمْ وَ مَا يُرِيدُونَ لِيُصَلِّيَ بِهِمْ مَنْ شَاءُوا
He-asws said at that: ‘Leave them and what they are wanting! Let pray (leading) them one they so desire to (choose)!’
ثُمَّ قَالَ فَمَنْ يَتَّبِعْ غَيْرَ سَبِيلِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ نُوَلِّهِ ما تَوَلَّى وَ نُصْلِهِ جَهَنَّمَ وَ ساءَتْ مَصِيراً.
Then he-asws said: ‘The one who follows other than the way of the Momineen, We will Turn him to what he had turned towards and he will arrive to Hell; and it is an evil fate [4:115]’’.[363]
باب 52 فضل قراءة القرآن فيه
CHAPTER 52 – MERIT OF READING THE QURAN DURING IT
1- مع، معاني الأخبار لي، الأمالي للصدوق ابْنُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنِ السَّعْدَآبَادِيِّ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ رَبِيعٌ وَ رَبِيعُ الْقُرْآنِ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ.
(The book) ‘Ma’any Al Akhbaar’, (and) ‘Al Amaali’ of Al Sadouq – Ibn Al Mutawakkil, from Al Sa’dabady, from Al Barqy, from Muhammad Bin Salim, from Ahmad Bin Al Nazr, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘For all things there is a spring, and spring of the Quran is a month of Ramazan’’.[364]
2- ثو، ثواب الأعمال أَبِي عَنِ السَّعْدَآبَادِيِ مِثْلَهُ.
(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – My father, from Al Sa’dabady, Similar to it.[365]
3- مَجَالِسُ الشَّيْخِ، عَنِ الْغَضَائِرِيِّ عَنِ التَّلَّعُكْبَرِيِّ عَنِ الْكُلَيْنِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ عَمْرٍو الشَّامِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِنَّ الشُّهُورَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ اثْنا عَشَرَ شَهْراً فِي كِتابِ اللَّهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ فَغُرَّةُ الشُّهُورِ شَهْرُ اللَّهِ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ قَلْبُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ وَ نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ فِي أَوَّلِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَاسْتَقْبِلِ الشَّهْرَ بِالْقُرْآنِ.
(The book) ‘Majaalis’ of the sheykh, from Al Azaairy, from Al Tal’ukbary, from Al Kulayni, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Abdullah Bin Al Mugheira, from Amro Al Shamy,
‘From Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The months in the Presence of Allah is twelve months in the Book of Allah, the day He Created the skies and the earth [9:36].The commencement of the months is the month of Allah-azwj, month of Ramazan, and heart of a month of Ramazan is Laylat Al-Qadr, and the Quran was Revealed in the first night of a month of Ramazan therefore receive the month with the Quran!’’[366]
[1] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 1
[2] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 2
[3] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 3
[4] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 4
[5] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 5
[6] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 6
[7] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 7
[8] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 8
[9] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 9 a
[10] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 9 b
[11] Al Kafi – V 4 – The Book of Fasts Ch 29 H 3
[12] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 10
[13] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 11
[14] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 12
[15] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 13
[16] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 14
[17] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 15 a
[18] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 15 b
[19] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 16
[20] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 17
[21] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 18
[22] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 19
[23] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 20
[24] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 21
[25] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 22 a
[26] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 22 b
[27] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 23
[28] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 24
[29] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 25
[30] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 26
[31] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 27 a
[32] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 27 b
[33] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 27 c
[34] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 28 a
[35] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 28 b
[36] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 29
[37] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 32 H 30
[38] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 33 H 1
[39] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 33 H 2
[40] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 1
[41] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 2
[42] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 3
[43] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 4
[44] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 5
[45] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 6
[46] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 7
[47] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 8
[48] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 9 a
[49] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 9 b
[50] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 10
[51] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 11 a
[52] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 11 b
[53] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 12
[54] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 13 a
[55] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 13 b
[56] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 13 c
[57] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 13 d
[58] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 13 e
[59] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 13 f
[60] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 13 g
[61] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 13 h
[62] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 13 i
[63] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 13 j
[64] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 13 k
[65] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 13 l
[66] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 13 m
[67] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 13 n
[68] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 13 o
[69] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 13 p
[70] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 13 q
[71] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 13 r
[72] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 13 s
[73] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 34 H 13 t
[74] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 35 H 1
[75] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 35 H 2
[76] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 35 H 3
[77] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 35 H 4
[78] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 35 H 5
[79] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 35 H 6
[80] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 35 H 7
[81] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 1
[82] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 2
[83] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 3
[84] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 4
[85] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 5
[86] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 6
[87] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 7
[88] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 8
[89] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 9
[90] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 10
[91] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 11
[92] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 12
[93] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 13
[94] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 14
[95] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 15
[96] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 16 a
[97] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 16 b
[98] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 17
[99] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 18
[100] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 19
[101] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 20
[102] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 21
[103] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 22
[104] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 23
[105] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 24
[106] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 25 a
[107] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 25 b
[108] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 26 a
[109] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 26 b
[110] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 26 c
[111] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 26 d
[112] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 26 e
[113] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 26 f
[114] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 26 g
[115] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 27
[116] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 36 H 28
[117] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 1
[118] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 2
[119] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 3
[120] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 4
[121] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 5
[122] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 6
[123] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 7
[124] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 8
[125] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 9
[126] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 10
[127] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 11
[128] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 12
[129] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 13
[130] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 14
[131] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 15
[132] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 16 a
[133] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 16 b
[134] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 16 c
[135] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 17 a
[136] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 17 b
[137] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 18 a
[138] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 18 b
[139] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 18 c
[140] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 18 d
[141] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 18 e
[142] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 18 f
[143] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 19
[144] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 20 a
[145] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 37 H 20 b
[146] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 1 a
[147] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 1 b
[148] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 2
[149] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 3
[150] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 4 a
[151] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 4 b
[152] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 4 c
[153] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 5 a
[154] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 5 b
[155] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 5 c
[156] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 5 d
[157] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 5 e
[158] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 5 f
[159] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 6 a
[160] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 6 b
[161] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 7 a
[162] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 7 b
[163] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 8
[164] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 9
[165] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 10
[166] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 11
[167] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 12
[168] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 13
[169] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 14
[170] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 15
[171] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 16
[172] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 17
[173] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 18
[174] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 19
[175] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 20 a
[176] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 38 H 20 b
[177] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 39 H 1
[178] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 39 H 2
[179] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 39 H 3
[180] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 39 H 4
[181] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 39 H 5
[182] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 39 H 6
[183] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 39 H 7
[184] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 39 H 8
[185] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 39 H 9
[186] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 39 H 10
[187] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 40 H 1
[188] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 40 H 2
[189] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 40 H 3
[190] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 41 H 1
[191] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 41 H 2
[192] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 41 H 3
[193] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 41 H 4
[194] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 41 H 5
[195] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 41 H 6
[196] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 41 H 7
[197] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 41 H 8
[198] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 41 H 9
[199] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 41 H 10
[200] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 41 H 11
[201] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 1
[202] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 2
[203] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 3
[204] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 4
[205] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 5
[206] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 6
[207] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 7
[208] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 8
[209] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 9
[210] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 10
[211] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 11
[212] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 12
[213] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 13
[214] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 14
[215] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 15 a
[216] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 15 b
[217] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 16
[218] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 17
[219] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 18
[220] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 19
[221] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 20
[222] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 21 a
[223] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 21 b
[224] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 22
[225] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 23 a
[226] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 23 b
[227] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 23 c
[228] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 23 d
[229] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 23 e
[230] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 23 f
[231] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 24 a
[232] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 24 b
[233] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 24 c
[234] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 24 d
[235] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 24 e
[236] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 24 f
[237] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 42 H 24 g
[238] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 43 H 1
[239] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 43 H 2
[240] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 43 H 3
[241] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 43 H 4
[242] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 43 H 5
[243] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 43 H 6
[244] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 43 H 7
[245] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 43 H 8
[246] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 43 H 9
[247] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 43 H 10
[248] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 44 H 1
[249] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 45 H 1
[250] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 45 H 2
[251] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 45 H 3
[252] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 45 H 4
[253] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 45 H 5
[254] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 45 H 6
[255] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 45 H 7
[256] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 45 H 8
[257] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 45 H 9 a
[258] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 45 H 9 b
[259] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 1
[260] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 2
[261] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 3
[262] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 4
[263] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 5 a
[264] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 5 b
[265] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 5 c
[266] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 5 d
[267] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 5 e
[268] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 6 a
[269] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 6 b
[270] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 6 c
[271] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 6 d
[272] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 6 e
[273] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 7
[274] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 8
[275] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 9 a
[276] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 10
[277] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 11
[278] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 12
[279] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 13 a
[280] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 13 b
[281] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 14
[282] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 15 a
[283] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 15 b
[284] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 16
[285] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 17
[286] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 18 a
[287] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 18 b
[288] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 19
[289] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 20
[290] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 21
[291] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 22
[292] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 23
[293] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 24
[294] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 25 a
[295] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 25 b
[296] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 26
[297] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 27 a
[298] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 27 b
[299] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 28
[300] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 29
[301] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 30
[302] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 31
[303] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 32
[304] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 33
[305] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 34
[306] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 35
[307] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 36
[308] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 37
[309] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 38
[310] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 39
[311] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 40
[312] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 41
[313] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 42
[314] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 43
[315] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 44
[316] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 45
[317] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 46
[318] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 47
[319] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 48
[320] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 49
[321] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 50
[322] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 51
[323] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 52
[324] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 53
[325] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 54
[326] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 55
[327] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 56
[328] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 57
[329] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 58
[330] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 59
[331] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 60
[332] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 61
[333] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 62
[334] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 63 a
[335] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 63 b
[336] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 63 c
[337] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 46 H 64
[338] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 47 H 1
[339] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 48 H 1
[340] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 48 H 2
[341] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 48 H 3
[342] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 48 H 4
[343] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 49 H 1
[344] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 49 H 2
[345] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 49 H 3
[346] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 49 H 4
[347] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 49 H 5 a
[348] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 49 H 5 b
[349] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 49 H 5 c
[350] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 49 H 5 d
[351] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 49 H 6 a
[352] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 49 H 6 b
[353] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 49 H 7
[354] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 49 H 8
[355] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 49 H 9
[356] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 50 1
[357] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 50 2
[358] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 51 1
[359] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 51 2
[360] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 51 3
[361] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 51 4 a
[362] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 51 4 b
[363] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 51 4 c
[364] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 52 1
[365] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 52 2
[366] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 93 – The Book of Fasts – Ch 52 3