Imam Abu Abdullah^-asws says: When it will be the Day of Qiyamah, a layer from the layers of Paradise will be uncovered, the one who has a soul for him will find its aroma from a travel distance of five hundred years, except for one type (of people)’. I said, ‘Who are they?’ He^-asws said: ‘The one disowned by his parents.[1]

علل الشرائع ابْنُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنِ السَّعْدَآبَادِيِّ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَظِيمِ الْحَسَنِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِي عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع قَالَ: عُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ مِنَ الْكَبَائِرِ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ جَعَلَ الْعَاقَّ عَصِيّاً شَقِيّاً.

(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – Ibn Al Mutawakkil, from Al Sa’adabady, from Al Barqy, from Abdul Azeem Al Hasany,

‘From Abu Ja’far^-asws, from his^-asws forefathers^-asws, from Al-Sadiq^-asws having said: ‘Being disowned by the parents is from the major sins, because Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic has made the disowned ones as disobedient, wretched’’.[2]

عيون أخبار الرضا عليه السلام ع، علل الشرائع فِي عِلَلِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنِ الرِّضَا ع قَالَ: حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عُقُوقَ الْوَالِدَيْنِ لِمَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْخُرُوجِ مِنَ التَّوْفِيقِ لِطَاعَةِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ التَّوْقِيرِ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَ تَجَنُّبِ كُفْرِ النِّعْمَةِ وَ إِبْطَالِ الشُّكْرِ وَ مَا يَدْعُو مِنْ ذَلِكَ إِلَى قِلَّةِ النَّسْلِ وَ انْقِطَاعِهِ لِمَا فِي الْعُقُوقِ مِنْ قِلَّةِ تَوْقِيرِ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَ الْعِرْفَانِ بِحَقِّهِمَا وَ قَطْعِ الْأَرْحَامِ وَ الزُّهْدِ مِنَ الْوَالِدَيْنِ فِي الْوَلَدِ وَ تَرْكِ التَّرْبِيَةِ بِعِلَّةِ تَرْكِ الْوَلَدِ بِرَّهُمَا.

(The book) ‘Uyoun Akhbar Al-Reza^-asws’, may the greetings be upon him^-asws, (and), ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – Ibn Sinan,

From Al-Reza^-asws having said: ‘Allah^-azwj has Prohibited disloyalty to (to be disowned by) the parents due to what is in it of the exiting from the inclination to obedience of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and giving the dignity to the parents, and shunning ungratefulness (Kufr) with the bounties, and invalidates the thanking, and what calls from that to lack of the lineage and its termination, due to what is in the disloyalty of lack of dignity to the parents and the recognition of their rights, and cutting off the kinship, and the abstention from the parents regarding the child, and neglecting the upbringing due to neglecting by the child of being righteous with them’’.[3]

الغيبة للشيخ الطوسي جَمَاعَةٌ عَنِ الْبَزَوْفَرِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ عَنِ ابْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ أَحْمَرَ عَنْ سَالِمَةَ مَوْلَاةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع حِينَ حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ وَ أُغْمِيَ عَلَيْهِ

(The book) ‘Al Ghayba’ of the Sheykh Al Tusi – A group, from Al Bazoufary, from Ahmad Bin Idrees, from Ibn Isa, from Ibn Mahboub, from Jameel Bin Salih, from Hisham Bin Ahmad,

‘From Salimah a slave of Abu Abdullah^-asws who said, ‘I was in the presence of Abu Abdullah Ja’far^-asws Bin Muhammad^-asws when the expiry presented to him^-asws and there was unconsciousness upon him^-asws.

فَلَمَّا أَفَاقَ قَالَ أَعْطُوا الْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ وَ هُوَ الْأَفْطَسُ سَبْعِينَ دِينَاراً وَ أَعْطِ فُلَاناً كَذَا وَ فُلَاناً كَذَا

When he^-asws woke up, he^-asws said: ‘Give seventy Dinars to Al-Hassan Bin Ali son of Ali^-asws Bin Al-Husayn^-asws, and he is Al-Aftas, and give so and so such and such, and so and so such and such (amount)’.

فَقُلْتُ أَ تُعْطِي رَجُلًا حَمَلَ عَلَيْكَ بِالشَّفْرَةِ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَقْتُلَكَ

I said, ‘Are you giving to a man who had carried a blade to attack upon you^-asws intending to kill you^-asws?’

قَالَ تُرِيدِينَ أَنْ لَا أَكُونَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ الَّذِينَ يَصِلُونَ ما أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ أَنْ يُوصَلَ وَ يَخْشَوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ وَ يَخافُونَ سُوءَ الْحِسابِ‏

He^-asws said: ‘Are you wanting me^-asws not to be from the ones Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: And those who are maintaining the relationships what Allah has Commanded with maintaining, and are in awe of their Lord and are fearing the evil Reckoning [13:21]?

نَعَمْ يَا سَالِمَةُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ الْجَنَّةَ فَطَيَّبَهَا وَ طَيَّبَ رِيحَهَا وَ إِنَّ رِيحَهَا لَيُوجَدُ مِنْ مَسِيرَةِ أَلْفَيْ عَامٍ فَلَا يَجِدُ رِيحَهَا عَاقٌّ وَ لَا قَاطِعُ رَحِمٍ‏.

Yes, O Salimah! Allah^-azwj Created the Paradise, so He^-azwj Made it good and Perfumed its aroma, and it’s aroma will be felt from a travel distance of two thousand years, but it’s aroma will not be felt, neither by one disowned (by his parents), nor a cutter of kinship’’.[4]

الكافي عَنِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْكُوفِيِّ عَنْ عُبَيْسِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ عَنْ صَالِحٍ الْحَذَّاءِ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ كُشِفَ غِطَاءٌ مِنْ أَغْطِيَةِ الْجَنَّةِ فَوَجَدَ رِيحَهَا مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ رُوحٌ مِنْ مَسِيرَةِ خَمْسِمِائَةِ عَامٍ إِلَّا صِنْفاً وَاحِداً

(The book) ‘Al Kafi’ – From Al Ashari, from Al-Hassan Bin Ali Al Kufi, from Ubeys Bin Hisham, from Salih Al Haza’a, from Yaqoub Bin Shueyb,

‘From Abu Abdullah^-asws having said: ‘When it will be the Day of Qiyamah, a layer from the layers of Paradise will be uncovered, the one who has a soul for him will find its aroma from a travel distance of five hundred years, except for one type (of people)’.

قُلْتُ مَنْ هُمْ قَالَ الْعَاقُّ لِوَالِدَيْهِ.

I said, ‘Who are they?’ He^-asws said: ‘The one disowned by his parents.[5]

الخصال عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‏ أَرْبَعَةٌ لا يَنْظُرُ اللَّهُ‏ إِلَيْهِمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيامَةِ عَاقٌّ وَ مَنَّانٌ وَ مُكَذِّبٌ بِالْقَدَرِ وَ مُدْمِنُ خَمْرٍ.

(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – From Abu Umama who said,

‘Four (persons), Allah^-azwj will not look at them on the Day of Qiyamah – a disowned one (by his parents), and one who reproaches on the giving, and a belier of the pre-determination, and one habitual of wine’’.[6]

الأمالي للشيخ الطوسي الْمُفِيدُ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّيَّاتِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ مِسْعَرِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ شَرِيكٍ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‏ ثَلَاثَةٌ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ تُعَجَّلُ عُقُوبَتُهَا وَ لَا تُؤَخَّرُ إِلَى الْآخِرَةِ عُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَ الْبَغْيُ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَ كُفْرُ الْإِحْسَانِ‏.

(The book) ‘Al Amaali’ of the Sheykh Al Tusi – Al Mufeed, from Umar Bin Muhammad Al Zayyat, from Abdullah Bin Ja’far, from Mis’ar Bin Yahya, from Shareek, from Abu Is’haq Al Hamdany, from his father,

‘From Amir Al-Momineen^-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘Three (matters) are from the sins which hasten their punishments, not delayed to the Hereafter – disowned by the parents, and the rebelling against the people, and Kufr with the favour’’.[7]

كا، الكافي عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‏ فَوْقَ كُلِّ ذِي بِرٍّ بَرٌّ حَتَّى يُقْتَلَ الرَّجُلُ فِي‏ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَلَيْسَ فَوْقَهُ بِرٌّ وَ إِنَّ فَوْقَ كُلِّ عُقُوقٍ عُقُوقاً حَتَّى يَقْتُلَ الرَّجُلُ أَحَدَ وَالِدَيْهِ فَإِذَا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ فَوْقَهُ عُقُوقٌ‏.

(The book) ‘Al Kafi’ – From Ali, from his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny,

‘From Abu Abdullah^-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘Above every one with righteousness, there is a righteousness, to the extent the man is killed in the Way of Allah^-azwj, so there isn’t any righteousness above it; and above every disowning there is a disowning, to the extent the man kills one of his parents. When he does that, there isn’t any disowning above it’’.[8]

كِتَابُ الْإِمَامَةِ وَ التَّبْصِرَةِ، لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ بَابَوَيْهِ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْأَشْعَثِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ مِثْلَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّ فِيهِ فَإِنَّهَا مَمْحَاةٌ.

(The book) ‘Kitab Al Imamah Wa Al Tabsira’ of Ali Bin Baubawyh, from Sahl Bin Ahmad, from Muhammad Bin Muhammad Bin Al Ash’as,

‘From Musa Bin Ismail son of Musa^-asws Bin Ja’far^-asws – similar to it, except that in it is: ‘For it is an eraser (of sins)’’.[9]

وَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‏ إِنَّ فَوْقَ كُلِّ بِرٍّ بِرّاً حَتَّى يُقْتَلَ الرَّجُلُ شَهِيداً فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَ فَوْقَ كُلِّ عُقُوقٍ عُقُوقاً حَتَّى يَقْتُلَ الرَّجُلُ أَحَدَ وَالِدَيْهِ.

And by this chain,

‘He^-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘Above every (act of) righteousness there is (an act of) righteousness, until the man is killed as a martyr in the Way of Allah^-azwj; and above every disowning there is a disowning, until the man kills one of his parents’’.[10]

ل، الخصال ابْنُ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ هَمَّامٍ عَنِ ابْنِ غَزْوَانَ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ص قَالَ: فَوْقَ كُلِّ بِرٍّ بِرٌّ حَتَّى يُقْتَلَ الرَّجُلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَإِذَا قُتِلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَلَيْسَ فَوْقَهُ بِرٌّ

(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Ibn Marouf, from Ismail Bin Hammam, from Ibn Gazwan, from Al Sakuny,

‘From Al-Sadiq^-asws, from his^-asws forefathers^-asws: ‘The Prophet^-saww said: ‘Above every righteous act there is a righteous act to the extent of the man getting killed in the Way of Allah^-azwj. When he is killed in the Way of Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic, then there isn’t any righteous act above it.

وَ فَوْقَ كُلِّ عُقُوقٍ عُقُوقٌ حَتَّى يَقْتُلَ الرَّجُلُ أَحَدَ وَالِدَيْهِ فَإِذَا قَتَلَ أَحَدَهُمَا فَلَيْسَ فَوْقَهُ عُقُوقٌ‏.

And above every act of disloyalty, there is an act of disloyalty, until the man kills one of his parents. When he kills one of them, then there isn’t any act of disloyalty above it’’.[11]

ع، علل الشرائع عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‏ قَالَ الذُّنُوبُ الَّتِي تُظْلِمُ الْهَوَاءَ عُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ‏.

(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ –

‘From Abu Abdullah^-asws having said: ‘The sins which darken the air is (due to the one) disowned by the parents’’.[12]

كَنْزُ الْكَرَاجُكِيِّ، بِإِسْنَادٍ مَذْكُورٍ فِي الْمَنَاهِي عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: مَلْعُونٌ مَلْعُونٌ مَنْ ضَرَبَ وَالِدَهُ أَوْ وَالِدَتَهُ مَلْعُونٌ مَلْعُونٌ مَنْ عَقَّ وَالِدَيْهِ مَلْعُونٌ مَلْعُونٌ قَاطِعُ رَحِمٍ.

(The book) ‘Kanz’ of Al Karajaky – By a chain mentioned in (the book) ‘Al Manahy’ – from Yusuf Bin Yaqoub,

‘From Abu Abdullah^-asws having said: ‘Accursed! Accursed is the one hitting his father or his mother. Accursed! Accursed is the one disowned by his parents. Accursed! Accursed is the one cutting off a kinship’’.[13]

عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَنْ نَظَرَ إِلَى أَبَوَيْهِ نَظَرَ مَاقِتٍ وَ هُمَا ظَالِمَانِ لَهُ لَمْ يَقْبَلِ اللَّهُ لَهُ صَلَاةً .

A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Ismail Bin Mihran, from Sayf Bin Ameyra, from;

Abu Abdullah^-asws has said: ‘The one who looks at his parents abhorrently while they are being unjust to him, Allah^-azwj will not Accept (even a single) Salāt from him’.[14]

عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ فُرَاتٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فِي كَلَامٍ لَهُ إِيَّاكُمْ وَ عُقُوقَ الْوَالِدَيْنِ فَإِنَّ رِيحَ الْجَنَّةِ تُوجَدُ مِنْ مَسِيرَةِ أَلْفِ عَامٍ وَ لَا يَجِدُهَا عَاقٌّ وَ لَا قَاطِعُ رَحِمٍ وَ لَا شَيْخٌ زَانٍ وَ لَا جَارُّ إِزَارِهِ خُيَلَاءَ إِنَّمَا الْكِبْرِيَاءُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ .

From him, from Muhammad Bin Ali, from Muhammad Bin Furat, from;

Abu Ja’far^-asws narrates that Rasool-Allah^-saww said in a speech of his^-saww: ‘Beware of being disowned by the parents, for the aroma of the Paradise would be found from a travel distance of a thousand years, and it will not be found by the ungrateful one, nor by a severer of the relationships, nor an elderly adulterer, nor by a dragger of his trousers (pompous one). But rather, the Greatness is for Allah^-azwj, Lord^-azwj of the worlds’.[15]

أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَسِّنِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ حَدِيدِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ أَدْنَى الْعُقُوقِ أُفٍّ وَ لَوْ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَيْسَرَ مِنْهُ لَنَهَى عَنْهُ .

Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhassin Bin Ahmad, from Aban Bin usman, from Hadeed Bin Hakeym, from;

Abu Abdullah^-asws has said: ‘The lowest of the disloyalty is (the saying of) ‘Ugh’, and had Allah^‑azwj Known of anything less than it, He^-azwj would have Forbidden from it’.[16]

From him, from Muhammad Bin Ali, from Muhammad Bin Furat, from;

Abu Ja’far^-asws has narrated that Rasool-Allah^-saww said in a speech of his^-saww: ‘Beware of being disowned by the parents, for the aroma of the Paradise would be found from a travel distance of a thousand years, and it will not be found by the ungrateful one, nor by a severer of the relationships, nor an elderly adulterer, nor by a dragger of his trousers (pompous one). But rather, the Greatness is for Allah^-azwj, Lord^-azwj of the worlds.^[17]

وَ قَالَ ع إِنَّ الْجَنَّةَ لَتُوجَدُ رِيحُهَا مِنْ مَسِيرَةِ خَمْسِمِائَةِ عَامٍ وَ لَا يَجِدُهَا عَاقٌّ وَ لَا دَيُّوثٌ قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَ مَا الدَّيُّوثُ قَالَ الَّذِي تَزْنِي امْرَأَتُهُ وَ هُوَ يَعْلَمُ بِهَا

Imam^-asws said: The fragrance of Paradise could be sensed from 500 years distance but the ‘Aaq’ and ‘Duyous’ will not be able to sense it. Someone asked Ya Rasool Allah, who is ‘Duyous’ that one whose wife commits adultery and he knows it.[18]

Finally, how to correct our conduct, if God forbidden, if one has made mistakes and annoyed his parents:

وَ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ ع قَالَ: يَكُونُ الرَّجُلُ عَاقّاً لِوَالِدَيْهِ فِي حَيَاتِهِمَا فَيَصُومُ عَنْهُمَا بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِمَا وَ يُصَلِّي وَ يَقْضِي عَنْهُمَا الدَّيْنَ فَلَا يَزَالُ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى يُكْتَبَ بَارّاً بِهِمَا

And from Al-Sadiq^-asws having said: ‘The man could have disowned his parents during their lifetimes, then he fasts on their behalf after their death, and he prays Salat, and pays off the debts. He does not cease to be like that until he is Written as having been righteous with them.

وَ إِنَّهُ لَيَكُونُ بَارّاً بِهِمَا فِي حَيَاتِهِمَا فَإِذَا مَاتَ لَا يَقْضِي دَيْنَهُمَا وَ لَا يَبَرُّهُمَا بِوَجْهٍ مِنْ وُجُوهِ الْبِرِّ فَلَا يَزَالُ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى يُكْتَبَ عَاقّاً.

And he could be righteous with them during their lifetimes, but when they die, he neither pays off their debts, nor does he do any righteous act with an aspect from the aspects of the righteous deeds. He does not cease to be like that until he is Written as having been disowned’’.[19]

[1] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 71 – The book of relationships – Ch 2 H 24

[2] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 71 – The book of relationships – Ch 2 H 66

[3] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 71 – The book of relationships – Ch 2 H 67

[4] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 71 – The book of relationships – Ch 3 H 29

[5] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 71 – The book of relationships – Ch 2 H 24

[6] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 71 – The book of relationships – Ch 2 H 50

[7] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 71 – The book of relationships – Ch 2 H 65

[8] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 71 – The book of relationships – Ch 2 H 25

[9] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 71 – The book of relationships – Ch 2 H 95 a

[10] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 71 – The book of relationships – Ch 2 H 95 b

[11] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 71 – The book of relationships – Ch 2 H 42

[12] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 71 – The book of relationships – Ch 2 H 62

[13] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 71 – The book of relationships – Ch 2 H 99

[14] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 143 H 5

[15] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 143 H 6

[16] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 143 H 9

[17] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 143 H 6

[18] من‏لايحضره‏الفقيه 3 444 باب الغيرة ….. ص : 444, H. 4542

[19] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 71 – The book of relationships – Ch 2 H 97 b