The tenth of Muharram
وَ فِي الْعِلَلِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْقَزْوِينِيِّ عَنِ الْمُظَفَّرِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الْقَزْوِينِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْأَسَدِيِّ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْهَاشِمِيِّ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ صَارَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمَ مُصِيبَةٍ وَ غَمٍّ وَ حُزْنٍ وَ بُكَاءٍ دُونَ الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي قُبِضَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي مَاتَتْ فِيهِ فَاطِمَةُ وَ الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي قُتِلَ فِيهِ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع وَ الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي قُتِلَ فِيهِ الْحَسَنُ بِالسَّمِّ
And in ‘Al Illal’, from Muhammad Bin Ali Al Qazminy, from Al Muzaffar Bin Ahmad Al Qazminy, from Muhammad Bin Ja’far Al Asady, from Sahl Bin ZIyad, from Suleyman Bin Abdullah, from Abdullah Bin Al Fazl Al Hashimy who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! How did the day of Ashura become the day of calamity, and sadness, and grief, and weeping apart from the in which Rasool-Allah-saww passed away, and the day in which (Syeda) Fatima-asws passed away, and the day in which Amir Al-Momineen-asws was killed, and the day in which Al-Hassan-asws was murdered by the poison.
فَقَالَ إِنَّ يَوْمَ الْحُسَيْنِ أَعْظَمُ مُصِيبَةً مِنْ جَمِيعِ سَائِرِ الْأَيَّامِ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ أَصْحَابَ الْكِسَاءِ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا أَكْرَمَ الْخَلْقِ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ كَانُوا خَمْسَةً فَلَمَّا مَضَى عَنْهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ص بَقِيَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ فَاطِمَةُ وَ الْحَسَنُ وَ الْحُسَيْنُ فَكَانَ فِيهِمْ لِلنَّاسِ عَزَاءٌ وَ سَلْوَةٌ فَلَمَّا مَضَتْ فَاطِمَةُ كَانَ فِي أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ لِلنَّاسِ عَزَاءٌ وَ سَلْوَةٌ
‘So, Imam-asws said: ‘The day of Al-Husayn-asws is of the greatest calamity from all the days and that is that the Companions of the Cloak were the ones of the most prestigious of the creatures to Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and were five. So when the Prophet-saww passed away, there remained Amir Al-Momineen-asws, and Syeda Fatima-asws, and Al-Hassan-asws, and Al-Husayn-asws. so they-asws were among the people as a solace and comfort for them. So when Fatima-asws passed away, there was among them Amir Al-Momineen-asws, and Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws for the people as a solace and comfort for them.
فَلَمَّا مَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع كَانَ لِلنَّاسِ فِي الْحَسَنِ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ عَزَاءٌ وَ سَلْوَةٌ فَلَمَّا مَضَى الْحَسَنُ كَانَ لِلنَّاسِ فِي الْحُسَيْنِ عَزَاءٌ وَ سَلْوَةٌ فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ الْحُسَيْنُ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَقِيَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْكِسَاءِ أَحَدٌ لِلنَّاسِ فِيهِ بَعْدَهُ عَزَاءٌ وَ سَلْوَةٌ فَكَانَ ذَهَابُهُ كَذَهَابِ جَمِيعِهِمْ كَمَا كَانَ بَقَاؤُهُ كَبَقَاءِ جَمِيعِهِمْ فَلِذَلِكَ صَارَ يَوْمُهُ أَعْظَمَ الْأَيَّامِ مُصِيبَةً
‘‘So, when Amir Al-Momineen-asws passed away, there were among them Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws as a solace and comfort for them. So, when Al-Hassan-asws passed away, there was Al-Husayn-asws for the people as a solace and comfort for them. So when Al-Husayn-asws was killed, there were no one from the Companions of the Cloak for the people after him-asws as a solace and comfort. So, his-asws going away was like the going away of all of them-asws, just as his-asws remaining was like the remaining of all of them-asws. So, it is for that (reason) that his-asws day is the day of the greatest calamity’’.[1]
Also in a Hadith,
قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْهَاشِمِيُّ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ فَكَيْفَ سَمَّتِ الْعَامَّةُ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمَ بَرَكَةٍ
Abdullah Bin Al-Fazl Al-Hashimy (the narrator) said, ‘I said to the 6th Imam-asws, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! How come the general Muslims are naming the Day of Ashura as the day of Blessings?’
فَبَكَى ع ثُمَّ قَالَ لَمَّا قُتِلَ الْحُسَيْنُ ع تَقَرَّبَ النَّاسُ بِالشَّامِ إِلَى يَزِيدَ فَوَضَعُوا لَهُ الْأَخْبَارَ وَ أَخَذُوا عَلَيْهَا الْجَوَائِزَ مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ فَكَانَ مِمَّا وَضَعُوا لَهُ أَمْرُ هَذَا الْيَوْمِ وَ أَنَّهُ يَوْمُ بَرَكَةٍ لِيَعْدِلَ النَّاسَ فِيهِ مِنَ الْجَزَعِ وَ الْبُكَاءِ وَ الْمُصِيبَةِ وَ الْحُزْنِ إِلَى الْفَرَحِ وَ السُّرُورِ وَ التَّبَرُّكِ وَ الِاسْتِعْدَادِ فِيهِ حَكَمَ اللَّهُ بَيْنَنَا وَ بَيْنَهُمْ
He-asws wept, then said: ‘When Al-Husayn-asws was killed, the people drew closer with Syria to Yazeed-la, and they placed the Ahadeeth for him-la, and they took the rewards upon it from the wealth. It was from what they had placed for him-la, was the matter of this day that it is a day of Blessings, in order to divert the people during it, from the alarm, and the crying, and the calamity and the grief, (and draw) to the happiness and the cheerfulness and the Blessings and the preparedness (lavish meals etc.) during it. Allah-azwj will Judge between us-asws and them’.
قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ ع يَا ابْنَ عَمِّ وَ إِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَأَقَلُّ ضَرَراً عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ وَ أَهْلِهِ مِمَّا وَضَعَهُ قَوْمٌ انْتَحَلُوا مَوَدَّتَنَا وَ زَعَمُوا أَنَّهُمْ يَدِينُونَ بِمُوَالاتِنَا وَ يَقُولُونَ بِإِمَامَتِنَا زَعَمُوا أَنَّ الْحُسَيْنَ ع لَمْ يُقْتَلْ وَ أَنَّهُ شُبِّهَ لِلنَّاسِ أَمْرُهُ كَعِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ فَلَا لَائِمَةَ إِذاً عَلَى بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ وَ لَا عَتْبَ عَلَى زَعْمِهِمْ
Then he-asws said: ‘O son of uncle! And surely that is of little harm upon Al-Islam and its people than what has been placed by a people arrogating our-asws cordiality, and they are claiming that they are making it a religion with our-asws Wilayah, and they are saying with our-asws Imamate. They are claiming that Al-Husayn-asws was not killed, and he-asws was resembled for the people. His-asws matter is like Isa-as Bin Maryam-as. Thus, there is neither any blame upon the clan of Umayya nor any fault, based upon their claim.
يَا ابْنَ عَمِّ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ الْحُسَيْنَ لَمْ يُقْتَلْ فَقَدْ كَذَّبَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَ عَلِيّاً وَ كَذَّبَ مَنْ بَعْدَهُ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ ع فِي إِخْبَارِهِمْ بِقَتْلِهِ وَ مَنْ كَذَّبَهُمْ فَهُوَ كَافِرٌ بِاللَّهِ الْعَظِيمِ وَ دَمُهُ مُبَاحٌ لِكُلِّ مَنْ سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ
‘O son of uncle! If Al-Husayn-asws has not been killed, then Rasool-Allah-saww and Ali-asws have lied, and so have the ones-asws who were Imams-asws from after him-asws in their Ahadeeth of his-asws being killed, and the one who belies them-asws, so he is a Kafir with Allah-azwj the Magnificent, and his blood is legalised for everyone who hears that from him’.
قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ فَمَا تَقُولُ فِي قَوْمٍ مِنْ شِيعَتِكَ يَقُولُونَ بِهِ
Abdullah Bin Al-Fazl (the narrator) said, ‘I said to him-asws, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! So, what are you-asws saying regarding a people from your-asws Shias saying with it?’
فَقَالَ ع مَا هَؤُلَاءِ مِنْ شِيعَتِي وَ أَنَا بَرِيءٌ مِنْهُمْ
He-asws said: ‘They are not from my-asws Shias, and I-asws am disavowed from them!’
قَالَ فَقُلْتُ فَقَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ لَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمُ الَّذِينَ اعْتَدَوْا مِنْكُمْ فِي السَّبْتِ فَقُلْنا لَهُمْ كُونُوا قِرَدَةً خاسِئِينَ
He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: And you have known those among you who transgressed during the Saturday, so We Said to them: “Become apes, despised!” [2:65].
قَالَ إِنَّ أُولَئِكَ مُسِخُوا ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ مَاتُوا وَ لَمْ يَتَنَاسَلُوا وَ إِنَّ الْقِرَدَةَ الْيَوْمَ مِثْلُ أُولَئِكَ وَ كَذَلِكَ الْخِنْزِيرُ وَ سَائِرُ الْمُسُوخِ مَا وُجِدَ مِنْهَا الْيَوْمَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَهُوَ مِثْلُهُ لَا يَحِلُّ أَنْ يُؤْكَلَ لَحْمُهُ
He-asws said: ‘They were morphed for three days, then they died, and they did not procreate, and the monkeys today are like them, and like that are the pigs and the rest of the morphed ones. Anything what is found from them today, it is similar to it. It is not Permissible to eat its flesh’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ ع لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْغُلَاةَ وَ الْمُفَوِّضَةَ فَإِنَّهُمْ صَغَّرُوا عِصْيَانَ اللَّهِ وَ كَفَرُوا بِهِ وَ أَشْرَكُوا وَ ضَلُّوا وَ أَضَلُّوا فِرَاراً مِنْ إِقَامَةِ الْفَرَائِضِ وَ أَدَاءِ الْحُقُوقِ
Then he-asws said: ‘May Allah-azwj Curse the exaggerators and the ‘Mufawwiza’ (believers in delegation of creation). They are belittling the disobedience to Allah-azwj and are disbelieving in Him-azwj, and they are associating, and they are straying and straying others. They are fleeing from establishing the Obligations and giving the rights’.[2]
[1] Wasaail Al Shiah – H 19695
[2] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 44, The book of History – Al-Hassan-asws, Ch 32 H 1