Those who Issue Fatawa
، الإحتجاج فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى أَنَّ الصَّادِقَ ع قَالَ لِأَبِي حَنِيفَةَ لَمَّا دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ مَنْ أَنْتَ قَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ
‘Al-Ihtijaj’ – And in another report –
Al-Sadiq-asws said to Abu Haneefa-la when he came up to him-asws: ‘Who are you?’ He replied, ‘Abu Haneefa’.
قَالَ ع مُفْتِي أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ قَالَ نَعَمْ
He-asws said: ‘ ‘مُفْتِي’ The Mufti (Issuer of Fatwas) of the people of Al-Iraq?’ He replied, ‘Yes’.
قَالَ بِمَا تُفْتِيهِمْ قَالَ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ
He-asws said: ‘By what do you issue Fatwas to them?’ He replied, ‘By the Book of Allah-azwj’.
قَالَ ع وَ إِنَّكَ لَعَالِمٌ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ نَاسِخِهِ وَ مَنْسُوخِهِ وَ مُحْكَمِهِ وَ مُتَشَابِهِهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ
He-asws said: ‘And you have the knowledge of the Book of Allah-azwj – its Abrogating, and its Abrogated, and its Decisive, and its Allegorical (Verses)?’ He replied, ‘Yes’.
قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ قَدَّرْنا فِيهَا السَّيْرَ سِيرُوا فِيها لَيالِيَ وَ أَيَّاماً آمِنِينَ أَيُّ مَوْضِعٍ هُوَ قَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ هُوَ مَا بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ وَ الْمَدِينَةِ
He-asws said: ‘Inform me about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: and We Apportioned the journey therein: Travel through them nights and days, in security [34:18], which place is it?’ Abu Haneefa-la said, ‘It is what is in between Makka and Al-Medina’.
فَالْتَفَتَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِلَى جُلَسَائِهِ وَ قَالَ نَشَدْتُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ هَلْ تَسِيرُونَ بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ وَ الْمَدِينَةِ وَ لَا تَأْمَنُونَ عَلَى دِمَائِكُمْ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ وَ عَلَى أَمْوَالِكُمْ مِنَ السَّرَقِ فَقَالُوا اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ
Abu Abdullah-asws turned towards those who were seated with him-asws and said: ‘We-asws adjure you by Allah-azwj! Have you travelled between Makka and Al-Medina, and you were not secure for your blood, from being murdered, nor upon your wealth, from it being stolen?’ They said, ‘O Allah-azwj, yes’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَيْحَكَ يَا أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَقُولُ إِلَّا حَقّاً أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ مَنْ دَخَلَهُ كانَ آمِناً أَيُّ مَوْضِعٍ هُوَ قَالَ ذَلِكَ بَيْتُ اللَّهِ الْحَرَامُ
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Woe be unto you – O Abu Haneefa – Allah-azwj is not Saying (anything) but the Truth. Inform me-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: and the one enters it shall be secure [3:97], which place is it?’ He said, ‘That is the Sacred House of Allah-azwj’.
فَالْتَفَتَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِلَى جُلَسَائِهِ وَ قَالَ نَشَدْتُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ زُبَيْرٍ وَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ دَخَلَاهُ فَلَمْ يَأْمَنَا الْقَتْلَ قَالُوا اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ
Abu Abdullah-asws turned towards those seated with him-asws, and said: ‘We-asws adjure you by Allah-azwj! Do you know that Abdullah Bin Al-Zubeyr, and Saeed bin Jubeyr entered it, so they were not safe from being murdered?’ They said, ‘O Allah-azwj, yes’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَيْحَكَ يَا أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَقُولُ إِلَّا حَقّاً فَقَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ لَيْسَ لِي عِلْمٌ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ إِنَّمَا أَنَا صَاحِبُ قِيَاسٍ
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Woe be unto you – O Abu Haneefa – Allah-azwj is not Saying except for the Truth’. Abu Haneefa said, ‘There is no knowledge with me, of the Book of Allah-azwj, but rather, I am an analogist’.
فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَانْظُرْ فِي قِيَاسِكَ إِنْ كُنْتَ مُقِيساً أَيُّمَا أَعْظَمُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ الْقَتْلُ أَوِ الزِّنَا قَالَ بَلِ الْقَتْلُ
Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘Then look into your analogy, if you were an analogist. Which of the two is more grievous in the Presence of Allah-azwj, the murder or the adultery?’ He said, ‘But, (it is) the murder’.
قَالَ فَكَيْفَ رَضِيَ فِي الْقَتْلِ بِشَاهِدَيْنِ وَ لَمْ يَرْضَ فِي الزِّنَا إِلَّا بِأَرْبَعَةٍ
He-asws said: ‘Then how come regarding the murder, He-azwj is Pleased with two witnessed and is not Pleased regarding the adultery except with four?’
ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ الصَّلَاةُ أَفْضَلُ أَمِ الصِّيَامُ قَالَ بَلِ الصَّلَاةُ أَفْضَلُ
Then he-asws said to him: ‘Is the Salat superior of the Fasting?’ He said, ‘But the Salat is superior’.
قَالَ ع فَيَجِبُ عَلَى قِيَاسِ قَوْلِكَ عَلَى الْحَائِضِ قَضَاءُ مَا فَاتَهَا مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ فِي حَالِ حَيْضِهَا دُونَ الصِّيَامِ وَ قَدْ أَوْجَبَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهَا قَضَاءَ الصَّوْمِ دُونَ الصَّلَاةِ
He-asws said: ‘Then, based upon your word of analogy, it would Obligate upon the menstruating woman to pay back whatever is lost from her, from the Salat during her state of menstruation, besides the Fasts, and Allah-azwj the Exalted has Obligated the paying back of the Fasts besides the Salat’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ الْبَوْلُ أَقْذَرُ أَمِ الْمَنِيُّ قَالَ الْبَوْلُ أَقْذَرُ
Then he-asws said to him: ‘Is the urine filthier or the semen?’ He said, ‘The urine is filthier’.
قَالَ ع يَجِبُ عَلَى قِيَاسِكَ أَنْ يَجِبَ الْغُسْلُ مِنَ الْبَوْلِ دُونَ الْمَنِيِّ وَ قَدْ أَوْجَبَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الْغُسْلَ مِنَ الْمَنِيِّ دُونَ الْبَوْلِ قَالَ إِنَّمَا أَنَا صَاحِبُ رَأْيٍ
He-asws said: ‘It would be obligate, based upon your analogy, that the washing would be more Obligatory from the urine besides the semen, and Allah-azwj has Obligated the washing from the semen, besides the urine’. He said, ‘But rather, I am an opiner’.
قَالَ ع فَمَا تَرَى فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَ لَهُ عَبْدٌ فَتَزَوَّجَ وَ زَوَّجَ عَبْدَهُ فِي لَيْلَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فَدَخَلَا بِامْرَأَتَيْهِمَا فِي لَيْلَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ ثُمَّ سَافَرَا وَ جَعَلَا امْرَأَتَيْهِمَا فِي بَيْتٍ وَاحِدٍ فَوَلَدَتَا غُلَامَيْنِ فَسَقَطَ الْبَيْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَتَلَ الْمَرْأَتَيْنِ وَ بَقِيَ الْغُلَامَانِ أَيُّهُمَا فِي رَأْيِكَ الْمَالِكُ وَ أَيُّهُمَا الْمَمْلُوكُ وَ أَيُّهُمَا الْوَارِثُ وَ أَيُّهُمَا الْمَوْرُوثُ
He-asws said: ‘What is your view regarding a man who had a slave for him, so he got married and so did his slave during one night, and they both entered one matter which came to be in one night, then they travelled and a matter came to them in one house, and two boys were born. So the house fell down upon them, and the two women were killed, and there remain the two boys, which of the two, in your opinion, would be the master and which one would be the slave? And which of them would be the inheritor and which one the inherited?’
قَالَ إِنَّمَا أَنَا صَاحِبُ حُدُودٍ
He said, ‘But rather, I am a master of the legal penalties’.
قَالَ فَمَا تَرَى فِي رَجُلٍ أَعْمَى فَقَأَ عَيْنَ صَحِيحٍ وَ أَقْطَعَ قَطَعَ يَدَ رَجُلٍ كَيْفَ يُقَامُ عَلَيْهِمَا الْحَدُّ
He-asws said: ‘So what is your view regarding a blind man, having a rip in his correct eye, and cuts off a hand of a man, how would the legal penalty be established upon them both?’
قَالَ إِنَّمَا أَنَا رَجُلٌ عَالِمٌ بِمَبَاعِثِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ
He said, ‘But rather, I am a man knowing the Sending of the Prophets-as’.
قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى لِمُوسَى وَ هَارُونَ حِينَ بَعَثَهُمَا إِلَى فِرْعَوْنَ لَعَلَّهُ يَتَذَكَّرُ أَوْ يَخْشى وَ لَعَلَّ مِنْكَ شَكٌّ قَالَ نَعَمْ
He-asws said: ‘Inform me-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj the Exalted to Musa-as and Haroun-as when He-azwj Sent them to Pharaoh-la: perhaps he would mind or fear [20:44], and (the word) ‘Perhaps’, would be a ‘doubt’ (if it came) from you?’ He said, ‘Yes’.
قَالَ فَكَذَلِكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَكٌّ إِذْ قَالَ لَعَلَّهُ قَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ لَا عِلْمَ لِي
He-asws said: ‘Similar to that from Allah-azwj there would be a doubt when He-azwj Said: “Perhaps”?’ Abu Haneefa said, ‘There is no knowledge (from) me (regarding this)’.
قَالَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّكَ تُفْتِي بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَ لَسْتَ مِمَّنْ وَرِثَهُ وَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّكَ صَاحِبُ قِيَاسٍ وَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ قَاسَ إِبْلِيسُ وَ لَمْ يُبْنَ دَيْنُ الْإِسْلَامِ عَلَى الْقِيَاسِ وَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّكَ صَاحِبُ رَأْيٍ وَ كَانَ الرَّأْيُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص صَوَاباً وَ مِنْ دُونِهِ خَطَأً لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَالَ احْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِما أَراكَ اللَّهُ وَ لَمْ يَقُلْ ذَلِكَ لِغَيْرِهِ وَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّكَ صَاحِبُ حُدُودٍ وَ مَنْ أُنْزِلَتْ عَلَيْهِ أَوْلَى بِعِلْمِهَا مِنْكَ وَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّكَ عَالِمٌ بِمَبَاعِثِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَ لَخَاتَمُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ أَعْلَمُ بِمَبَاعِثِهِمْ مِنْكَ
He-asws said: ‘You are claiming that you issue Fatwas by the Book of Allah-azwj, and you aren’t from the ones-asws who inherited it, and you claim that you are an analogist, and the first one to analogise was Iblees-la, and the Religion of Al Islam is not built upon the analogy, and you claim that you are an opiner, and the view from Rasool-Allah-saww is correct and ones besides it are mistakes, because Allah-azwj the Exalted Said: Therefore judge between them with what Allah Revealed [5:48], and did not Say it for others, and you claim that you are a master of the legal penalties, and although the one upon whom it descended is foremost with its knowledge that you, and you claim that you are a knower of the Sending of the Prophets-as, and the Seal of the Prophets-as is more knowing of their-as Sending that you are!
لَوْ لَا أَنْ يُقَالَ دَخَلَ عَلَى ابْنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ فَلَمْ يَسْأَلْهُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ مَا سَأَلْتُكَ عَنْ شَيْءٍ فَقِسْ إِنْ كُنْتَ مُقِيساً
Were it not being said, ‘He entered to see the son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww, but he did not ask him-asws about things’, I would not have asked you about anything! So analogise, if you were an analogist’.
قَالَ لَا تَكَلَّمْتُ بِالرَّأْيِ وَ الْقِيَاسِ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ بَعْدَ هَذَا الْمَجْلِسِ
He said, ‘I will not speak with the opinion and the analogy in the Religion of Allah-azwj, after this gathering’.
قَالَ كَلَّا إِنَّ حُبَّ الرِّئَاسَةِ غَيْرُ تَارِكِكَ كَمَا لَمْ يَتْرُكْ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكَ تَمَامَ الْخَبَرِ
He-asws said: ‘Never (will you stop)! The love of governance will not leave you just as it had not left the ones who were before you’ – the Hadeeth.[1]
[1] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 2, The book of intellect, and the knowledge, and the ignorance, S 2 Ch. 34 H 4