CHAPTER 5
AL-MA’IDA
(The Table)
(120 VERSES)
Verses 1 to 10
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
Brief Introduction of Sura Al-Maida (5):
Sura Al-Maida (120 verses) was revealed in Madinah.[1]
Surah Al-Maida takes its’ name from verse 5:112 in which the word mai’dah occurs. Like the names of many other surahs, this name has no special relation to the subject of the Surah but has been used merely as a symbol to distinguish it from other surahs.
إِذْ قَالَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ يَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ هَلْ يَسْتَطِيعُ رَبُّكَ أَنْ يُنَزِّلَ عَلَيْنَا مَائِدَةً مِنَ السَّمَاءِ ۖ قَالَ اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ
When the disciples said: ‘O Isa son of Maryam! Does your Lord have the capacity to Send down upon us food from the sky? He said: ‘Fear Allah, if you were Momineen [5:112].
It is narrated from the 9th Imam-asws regarding His-azwj Words: O you who believe! Fulfil the agreements. [5:1]. He-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww had made a pact upon them for Ali-asws regarding the caliphate in twenty places, then Allah-azwj Revealed: O you who believe! Fulfil the agreements. [5:1] which have been pacted upon you all for Amir Al-Momineen-asws’’.[2]
Imam Ja’far-asws, from his-asws father-asws regarding His-azwj Words: Today I Perfected your Religion for you and Completed My Favour upon you, [5:3]. He-asws said: ‘It was Revealed regarding Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws in particular, and not about the rest of the people’’.[3]
‘I heard Abu Ja’far-asws saying: ‘When Allah-azwj the Exalted Revealed: Today I Perfected your Religion for you and Completed My Favour upon you, [5:3]. He-asws said: ‘So, the perfection of the religion was by Wilayah of Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws’’.[4]
See an additional Hadeeth on 5:3 in the Appendix I.
‘I heard Rasool-Allah-saww saying: ‘Community of people! Know, that there is a door for Allah-azwj, one who enters it would be secure from the Fire!’ Abu Saeed Al-Khudry stood up to him-saww and said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! Guide us to this door until we recognise it’.
He-saww said: ‘It is Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, chief of the successors-asws, and Amir Al-Momineen-asws, and brother-asws of the Rasool-saww of Lord-azwj of the words, and His-azwj caliph upon the people in their entirety’.
Community of the people! One who loved to recognise the Divine Authority after me-saww, let him recognise Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws.
Community of people! One whom it cheers to have the Wilayah of Allah-azwj, let him be led by Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws and the Imams-asws from my-saww offspring. They-asws are treasurers of my-saww knowledge!’
Jabir Bin Abdullah Al-Ansari, may Allah-azwj be Pleased with him, stood up and said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! And what is the number of the Imams-asws?’
He-saww said: ‘O Jabir! May Allah-azwj have Mercy on you! You have asked me-saww about Al-Islam in its entirety. Their-asws number is the number of the months, and it is in the Presence of Allah-azwj as, the number of months in the Presence of Allah is twelve months in the Book of Allah, the day He Created the skies and the earth [9:36].
And their-asws number is the number of the spring which burst forth for Musa-as Bin Imran-as when he-saww struck with his-as staff: So there gushed out from it twelve springs; each group knew its drinking place: [2:60].
And their number is of the captains of the children of Israel. Allah-azwj the Exalted Said: and We Sent from them twelve chieftains; [5:12]. So, the Imams-asws, O Jabir, their-asws first one is Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws and their-asws last one is Al-Qaim-asws’’.[5]
It was said to Abu Ja’far-asws. Isn’t this command for you-asws all?’ He-asws said: ‘Yes’. I said, ‘Then why are you-asws sitting back from your-asws rights and your-asws claims, and Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Said: And strive hard in (the Way of) Allah, with a striving which He is Rightful of. He Chose you [22:78]’.
He-asws said: ‘There is no problem in Amir Al-Momineen-asws sitting back from his-asws rights when he-asws could not find any helpers, or have you not heard Allah-azwj the Exalted Saying in the story of Lut-as: He said: ‘If only there was strength for me against you, or a recourse to a strong support’ [11:80]. And He-azwj Said in Narrating from Noah-as: Then he supplicated to his Lord: ‘I am overcome, so Help!’ [54:10].
And He-azwj Said in the story of Musa-as: He said: ‘My Lord! I cannot control except myself and my brother, therefore Differentiate between us and the transgressing people’ [5:25]. Therefore, when the Prophet-as is like that, then the successor-asws is more excusable. O Jabir! An example of the Imam-asws is an example of the Kabah, when it is come to and it does not come (to anyone)’’.[6]
‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws addressed us upon the pulpit of Al-Kufa, sermon of the pearls (Al-Lulu wal Marjan)’. A man called Aamir Bin Kaseer stood up to him-asws and said, ‘O Amir Al-Momineen-asws! You-asws have informed us about the imams of Kufr and the false caliphs, so inform us about the Imams-asws of the truth and the truthful tongues after you-asws’.
He-asws said: ‘Yes, it is a pact pacted to me-asws by Rasool-Allah-saww that this command, twelve Imams-asws would control it, nine being from the Sulb of Al-Husayn-asws. And that the Prophet-saww had said: ‘When there was an ascension with me-saww to the sky, I-saww looked at the base of the Throne and there was inscribed upon it: “There is no god except Allah-azwj, Muhammad-saww is Rasool-saww of Allah-azwj. I-azwj Support him-saww with Ali-asws and Help him-saww with Ali-asws”.
And I-saww saw twelve Noors, so I-saww said: ‘O Lord-azwj! Whose Noors are these?’ He-azwj Called out: “O Muhammad-saww! These are Noors of the Imams-asws from your-saww offspring!”
I-asws said: ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! Will you-saww not name them-asws to me-asws?’ He-saww said: ‘Yes. You-asws are the Imam-asws and the caliph after me-saww. You-asws will pay off my-saww debts, and fulfil my-saww promises; and after you-asws are your-asws two sons-asws Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws, and after Al-Husayn-asws is his-asws son-asws Ali-asws, Zayn Al-Abideen, and after Ali-asws is his-asws son-asws Muhammad-asws, called ‘Al-Baqir’.
And after Muhammad-asws is his-asws son-asws Ja’far-asws, he-asws will be called ‘Al-Sadiq’, and after Ja’far-asws is his-asws son-asws Musa-asws, he-asws will be called ‘Al-Kazim’, and after Musa-asws is his-asws son-asws Ali-asws, he-asws is called ‘Al-Reza’, and after Ali-asws is his-asws son Muhammad-asws called ‘Al-Zaki’, and after Muhammad-asws is his-asws son-asws Ali-asws called as ‘Al-Naqi’, and after him-asws is his-asws son-asws Al-Hassan-asws called as ‘Al-Ameen’.
And Al-Qaim-asws from sons-asws of Al-Husayn-asws, having my-saww name and being the most resembling of the people with me-saww. He-asws fill it (world) with fairness and justice just as it would have been filled with tyranny and injustice’’.
The man said, ‘So what is the matter with a people who have retained that from Rasool-Allah-saww, then they are pushing you-asws all away from this command, and you-asws are higher in lineage and kinship with the Prophet-saww, and understanding with the Book and the Sunnah?’
He-asws said: ‘They wanted to uproot the pegs of the sanctuary and violate the veils of the sacred months from the bellies of the bellies, and Noor of the eyes of the beholders, by the conjectures, the lies, and the corrupt practices with the assistance of the tyrants in the dark cities, by the slanders destructive with the ruined hearts. They shot violating the pure veils, and broke the Words of Allah-azwj, the Pure, and lamps which the entirety recognise, and glass eyes, and lamps, the lanterns, and the ways of rightful guidance, and choice of the One, the Subduer, bearers of the esoteric of the Quran.
The woe is for them from the midst of the Fire, and from a Great Lord-azwj, Exalted. Evilest of the people is one who derogates me-asws and they commit the offences in the religion of Allah-azwj. So, if the Trial of the afflictions is Raised from us, we-asws shall carry them upon the pure truth, and if the other happens, therefore do not grieve upon the transgressing people” [5:26]’’.[7]
Muhammad Al-Baqir-asws said: ‘When this Verse was Revealed: O you Rasool! Deliver what has been Revealed unto you from your Lord; [5:67], the Prophet-saww grabbed a hand of Ali-asws and said: ‘One whose master I-saww was so Ali-asws is his mater. O Allah-azwj! Befriend the one who befriends him-asws and be Inimical to the one being inimical to him-asws’.
Words of the Exalted: And surely those who are not believing in the Hereafter are deviating from the (Straight) Path [23:74] – meaning path of Muhammad-saww and his-saww Progeny-asws.
Words of the Exalted: Is the one We Promised with a goodly Promise, so he would come across it, [28:61], he-asws is Ali-asws.
Words of the Exalted: Greetings be on Progeny of Yaseen [37:130]. Ibn Al Sa’ib said, ‘Progeny of Yaseen is Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww’.
Words of the Exalted: Say: ‘I do not ask you for recompense over it, except for the cordiality to be for my relatives’ [42:23], in the Hadeeth from the Prophet-saww having said: ‘Do not hurt (Syeda) Fatima-asws, and Ali-asws and their-asws two sons-asws’.
And as for what is referred by Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Ahmad Bin Musa Bin Mardawayh, I am mentioning it as upon its flow: and my success is only with Allah. Upon Him do I rely and to Him do I turn [11:88]. He said, ‘It is raised by his chain from Ibn Abbas who said, ‘There is no Verse in the Quran and in it (are the Words): ‘O you those who believe!’, except and Ali-asws is their head and their guide’’.[8]
In a lengthy Hadeeth, Rasool Allah-saww said: My-saww Lord-azwj Blessed and Exalted has Commanded me-saww that it has been Imposed from your-asws rights what is Imposed from my-saww rights for the necessitation upon the one who believes in me-saww. And had it not been for you-asws the Party of Allah-azwj would not be recognised, and by you-asws are the enemies of Allah-azwj recognised.
And the one, who has not received your-asws Wilayah, has not received anything, and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Revealed unto me-saww: O you Rasool! Deliver what has been Revealed unto you from your Lord [5:67] – Meaning regarding your-asws Wilayah, O Ali-asws – and if you don’t do so, then you have not delivered His Message.
And had I-saww not delivered what I-saww had been Commanded with, from your-asws Wilayah, my-saww deeds would have been Confiscated, and I-saww am not saying except for the Words of my-saww Lord-azwj Blessed and Exalted, and that which I-saww am saying is from what Allah-azwj has Revealed regarding you-asws.
I-saww complain to Allah-azwj of the prevailing by my-saww community upon you-asws after me-saww. But, O Ali-asws, the one who fights against you-asws has not left fighting against me-saww, nor has he submitted to me-saww, the one establishing hostility to you-asws.
And you-asws are the owner of the cups (at the Fountain), and owner of the praise-worthy positions in the Shade of the Throne wherever I-saww pause. So, you-asws will be called when I-saww am called, and you-asws will be welcomed when I-saww am welcomed, and clothed when I-saww am clothes (with robes of honour).
But the sentence of the Punishment is Justified [39:71] – upon the one who does not ratify my-saww words regarding you-asws, and the Word of Mercy is justified for the one who does ratify me-saww, and a backbiter will not backbite you-asws nor aid against you-asws except he would be in the party of Iblees-la; and the one who befriends you-asws and befriends the ones-asws who would be from you-asws from after you-asws, would be from the party of Allah-azwj, and the party of Allah-azwj, they are the successful ones [31:5]’’.[9]
Imam Abu Ja’far-asws (5th Imam) said regarding Words of Allah-azwj the Exalted: Say: O People of the Book! You wouldn’t be upon anything until you observe the Torah and the Evangel and what is Revealed to you from your Lord; And what is Revealed to you has increased a lot of them in tyranny and Kufr, [5:68]. He-asws said: ‘It is the Wilayah of Amir Al-Momineen-asws’’.[10]
‘I was in the presence of Abu Ja’far Muhammad Al-Baqir-asws one day, when the ones in his-asws presence differed. He-asws said to me: ‘O Abu Hamza! From the inevitable which there is no change for it in the Presence of Allah-azwj, is rising of our-asws Qaim-asws. So, the one who doubts in what I-asws saying, would meet Allah-azwj while he is a Kafir with Him-azwj and a rejector to Him-azwj’.
Then he-asws said: ‘By my-asws father-asws and my-asws mother-as! The one-asws named with my-asws name, and the one-asws titled with my-asws teknonym, is the seventh from after me-asws. By my-asws father-asws! He-asws is the one who will fill the earth with justice and fairness like what it would have been filled with injustice and tyranny’.
And he-asws said: ‘O Abu Hamza! One who comes across him-asws and does not submit to him-asws, so he has not submitted to Muhammad-saww and Ali-asws, and It is such that the one who associates with Allah, so Allah would Prohibited the Paradise unto him and his abode would be the Fire, [5:72], and it is an evil abode for the unjust.
And clearer than this, by the Praise of Allah-azwj, and more radiant, and more manifest, and more blossoming for the Allah-azwj Guides and Favours to him, are the Words of Allah-azwj the Exalted in the Decisive of His-azwj Book: Surely, the number of months in the Presence of Allah is twelve months in the Book of Allah, the day He Created the skies and the earth – from these four are Sacred. That is the upright Religion, therefore do not be unjust to yourselves regarding these, [9:36].
And recognition of the months – Al-Muharram, and Safar, and Rabie, and what is after it, and the sacred from these, and it is Jumadie and Zul Qadah, and Zul Hijja and Al-Muharram. A religion cannot happen to be upright because the Jews and the Christians and the Magians, and rest of the nations, and the people in their entirety, from the hypocrites and the adversaries, are recognising these months and counting these with their names.
And rather, they-asws are the Imams-asws, the ones standing with the religion of Allah-azwj, and the sacred from these are Amir Al-Momineen Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, the one-asws for whom Allah-azwj Derived a name for him-asws from His-azwj Name ‘Al-Ali’, just as He-azwj had Derived for Rasool-Allah-saww, a name from His-azwj Names, ‘Al-Mahmoud’; and three from his-asws sons-asws, their names are ‘Ali’ – Ali-asws Bin Al-Husayn-asws, and Ali-asws Bin Musa-asws, and Ali-asws Bin Muhammad-asws. Thus, for this name (Ali), the Derivation from a Name of Allah-azwj the Exalted, became Sanctified with it’’.[11]
In a Hadeeth, Rasool-Allah-saww said to them: ‘O servants of Allah-azwj! The people of Isa-as, when they asked Isa-as that he-as descends food to them from the sky, Allah-azwj the Exalted Said: ‘Allah said: Surely I will Send it down to you, but whoever shall disbelieve afterwards from among you, surely I will Punish him with such a Punishment with which I have not Punished anyone from among the nations [5:115].
He-azwj did Send it down upon them, and the one from who committed Kufr afterwards, Allah-azwj Transformed him to either a pig, or a monkey, or a bear, or a cat, or upon an image of some of the birds and the animals which are in the land and the sea, to the extent that He-azwj Transformed (them) upon a variety of four hundred transformations.[12]
MERITS
ابن بابويه: بإسناده، عن أبي الجارود، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: «من قرأ سورة المائدة في كل يوم خميس لم يلبس إيمانه بظلم، و لم يشرك بربه أحدا.
Ibn Babuwayh, by his chain, from Abu Al-Jaroud,
From Abu Ja’far-asws has said: ‘One who recites Surah Al-Ma’ida during every Thursday his Eman would not get by injustice and he would not associate anyone with his Lord-azwj’’.[13]
العياشي: عن زرارة بن أعين، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: «قال علي بن أبي طالب (صلوات الله عليه): نزلت المائدة قبل أن يقبض النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله) بشهرين أو ثلاثة
Al-Ayyashi, from Zarara Bin Ayn,
From Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws said: ‘(Surah) Al-Ma’ida was Revealed two to three months before the passing away of the Prophet-saww’.[14]
الشيخ: بإسناده عن الحسين بن سعيد، عن حماد، عن حريز، عن زرارة، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: سمعته يقول: «جمع عمر بن الخطاب أصحاب النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله) و فيهم علي (عليه السلام)، فقال: ما تقولون في المسح على الخفين؟ فقام المغيرة بن شعبة، فقال: رأيت رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) يمسح على الخفين
Al-Sheykh, by his chain from Al-Husayn Bin Saeed, from Hamaad, from Hareez, from Zarara,
From Abu Ja’far-asws, he said, ‘I heard him-asws saying: ‘‘Umar Bin Al-Khattab gathered the companions of the Prophet-saww, and among them was Ali-asws, so he said, ‘What are you all saying regarding the wiping upon the socks (during Wudu)?’ So Al-Mugheira Bin Sha’ba stood up and said, ‘I saw Rasool-Allah-saww wiping upon the socks’.
فقال علي (عليه السلام): قبل المائدة أو بعدها؟ فقال: لا أدري. فقال علي (عليه السلام): سبق الكتاب الخفين، إنما أنزلت المائدة قبل أن يقبض بشهرين أو ثلاثة
Ali-asws said: ‘Before (the Revelation of Surah) Al-Ma’ida or after it?’ He said, ‘I don’t know’. Ali-asws said: ‘The (matter of the) two socks preceded the Book (Surah Al-Ma’ida). But rather, Surah Al-Ma’ida was Revealed before the passing away (of the Prophet-saww) by two to three months’.[15]
و عن رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) قال: «من قرأها اعطي من الأجر عشر حسنات، و محي عنه عشر سيئات، و رفع له عشر درجات، بعدد كل يهودي و نصراني يتنفس
And from Rasool-Allah-saww having said: ‘The one who recites it (Surah Al-Ma’ida) would be Given from the Recompense, ten Rewards, and ten sins would be Deleted from him, and he would be raised by ten Levels, of the number of every Jew and Christian alive’.[16]
[ الفضل الطبرسي ] روى العياشي باسناده، عن أبي حمزة الثمالي قال: سمعت أبا عبد الله الصادق (عليه السلام) يقول: نزلت المائدة كملا ونزل معها سبعون ألف ملك
Al Fazal Al Tabarsy – Al Ayyashi reported by his chain, from Abu Hamza Al Sumaly who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah Al-Sadiq-asws saying: ‘(Surah) Al-Ma’ida was Revealed complete (in one go), and seventy thousand Angels descended with it’.[17]
عن عيسى بن عبد الله، عن أبيه، عن جده، عن علي (عليه السلام)، قال: «كان القرآن ينسخ بعضه بعضا، و إنما كان يؤخذ من أمر رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) بآخره، فكان من آخر ما نزل عليه سورة المائدة، نسخت ما قبلها، و لم ينسخها شيء، و لقد نزلت عليه و هو على بغلته الشهباء، و ثقل عليه الوحي حتى وقفت و تدلى بطنها، حتى رأيت سرتها تكاد تمس الأرض، و أغمي على رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) حتى وضع يده على ذؤابة
From Isa Bin Abdullah, from his father, from his grandfather,
From Ali-asws having said: ‘The Quran is such that part of it Abrogates its part, and rather it would be taken from the orders of Rasool-Allah-saww by its last one. So the last of what was Revealed unto him-saww was Surah Al-Ma’ida. It Abrogates what was before it, and nothing Abrogates it, and it was Revealed unto him-saww while he-saww was upon his-saww mule Al-Shahba, and the Revelation was heavy upon him-saww to the extent that is paused and its belly drooped and its navel was seen and it almost touched the ground, and there was a swooning upon Rasool-Allah-saww until he-saww placed his-saww hand upon the hair of his-saww forehead’’.[18]
VERSE 1
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَوْفُوا بِالْعُقُودِ ۚ أُحِلَّتْ لَكُمْ بَهِيمَةُ الْأَنْعَامِ إِلَّا مَا يُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ غَيْرَ مُحِلِّي الصَّيْدِ وَأَنْتُمْ حُرُمٌ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَحْكُمُ مَا يُرِيدُ {1}
O you who believe! Fulfil the agreements. Permissible for you are beasts of the livestock except what has been recited upon you, other than the hunting of domesticated (animals) while you are in Ihram; surely Allah Orders you (with) whatever He Wants to [5:1]
و في (صحيفة الرضا (عليه السلام))، قال: «ليس في القرآن آية يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إلا في حقنا
And in Saheefa Al-Reza-asws, he-asws said: ‘There isn’t in the Quran a Verse (Stating) O you who believe! except it is regarding our-asws right’’.[19]
عنه، قال: أخبرنا الحسين بن محمد بن عامر، عن المعلى بن محمد البصري، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن أبي جعفر الثاني (عليه السلام)، في قوله: يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَوْفُوا بِالْعُقُودِ، قال: «إن رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) عقد عليهم لعلي (عليه السلام) بالخلافة في عشرة مواطن، ثم أنزل يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَوْفُوا بِالْعُقُودِ التي عقدت عليكم لأمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)
From him (Ali Bin Ibrahim) who said, ‘Al Husayn Bin Muhammad Bin Aamir informed us, from Al Moala Bin Muhammad Al Basry, from Ibn Abu Umeyr,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws the 2nd, regarding His-azwj Words O you who believe! Fulfil the agreements [5:1], he-asws said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww covenanted with them for Ali-asws with regards to the Caliphate in ten places. Then (the Verse) was Revealed O you who believe! Fulfil the agreements [5:1] which was covenanted with you for Amir-Al-Momineen-asws’.[20]
عن وهب بن وهب، عن جعفر بن محمد، عن أبيه (عليهما السلام): «أن عليا (عليه السلام) سئل عن أكل لحم الفيل و الدب و القرد، فقال: ليس هذا من بهيمة الأنعام التي تؤكل
From Wahab Bin Wahab,
(It has been narrated) from Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, from his-asws father-asws having said: ‘Ali-asws was asked about (eating) the meat of the elephant, and the bear, and the monkey, so he-asws said: ‘This is not from beasts of the livestock [5:1] which you eat’.[21]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَحَدَهُمَا ( عليهما السلام ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أُحِلَّتْ لَكُمْ بَهِيمَةُ الْأَنْعامِ فَقَالَ الْجَنِينُ فِي بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ إِذَا أَشْعَرَ وَ أَوْبَرَ فَذَكَاتُهُ ذَكَاةُ أُمِّهِ فَذَلِكَ الَّذِي عَنَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Umar Bin Azina, from Muhammad Bin Muslim who said,
‘I asked one of the two (5th or 6th Imam-asws) about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Permissible for you are beasts of the livestock [5:1]. So he-asws said: ‘The foetus in the belly of its mother, when it grows hair and fluff, so its slaughter is in the slaughter of its mother, so that is what is Meant by Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic’.[22]
VERSE 2
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُحِلُّوا شَعَائِرَ اللَّهِ وَلَا الشَّهْرَ الْحَرَامَ وَلَا الْهَدْيَ وَلَا الْقَلَائِدَ وَلَا آمِّينَ الْبَيْتَ الْحَرَامَ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ وَرِضْوَانًا ۚ وَإِذَا حَلَلْتُمْ فَاصْطَادُوا ۚ وَلَا يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ شَنَآنُ قَوْمٍ أَنْ صَدُّوكُمْ عَنِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ أَنْ تَعْتَدُوا ۘ وَتَعَاوَنُوا عَلَى الْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوَىٰ ۖ وَلَا تَعَاوَنُوا عَلَى الْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ {2}
O you who believe! Do not violate the rituals of Allah nor the Sacred Month, nor the offerings, nor the sacrificial animals, nor ones resorting to the Sacred House seeking the Grace from their Lord and Pleasure; and when you are free (from the Ihram), then (you can) hunt, and do not let not hatred of a people – due to their hindering you from the Sacred Masjid – make you exceed the limits; and assist each other upon the righteousness and the piety; and do not assist each other upon the sin and the aggression, and fear Allah; surely Allah is severe of the Punishment [5:2]
الطبرسي، قال أبو جعفر (عليه السلام): نزلت هذه الآية في رجل من بني ربيعة يقال له: (الحطم)
Al Tabarsy –
‘Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘This Verse was Revealed regarding a man from the clan of Rabi’e called Al-Hatam’.
و قال الفراء: «كانت عادة العرب لا تدري الصفا و المروة من الشعائر، و لا يطوفون بينهما، فنهاهم الله عن ذلك. و هو المروي عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)
And Al-Fara’a said, ‘The custom of the Arabs was that they did not consider Al-Safa and Al-Marwa as being from the rituals, nor were they performing Tawaaf between the two, therefore Allah-azwj Forbid them from (violating) that’. And it is reported from Abu Ja’far-asws’.[23]
العياشي: عن موسى بن بكر، عن بعض رجاله: أن زيد بن علي دخل على أبي جعفر (عليه السلام) و معه كتب من أهل الكوفة يدعونه فيها إلى أنفسهم، و يخبرونه باجتماعهم، و يأمرونه بالخروج إليهم
Al Ayyashi, from Musa Bin Bakr, from one of his men,
‘Ziyad Bin Ali came to Abu Ja’far-asws and with him were letter from the people of Al-Kufa calling him-asws in these to themselves, and informing him-asws with their gathering, and instructing him-asws with the rising to them.
فقال أبو جعفر (عليه السلام): «إن الله تبارك و تعالى أحل حلالا، و حرم حراما، و ضرب أمثالا، و سن سننا، و لم يجعل الإمام العالم بأمره في شبهة مما فرض الله من الطاعة، أن يسبقه بأمر قبل محله، أو يجاهد قبل حلوله، و قد قال الله في الصيد: لا تَقْتُلُوا الصَّيْدَ وَ أَنْتُمْ حُرُمٌ فقتل الصيد أعظم، أم قتل النفس الحرام؟
Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Permitted Permissible(s), and Prohibited Prohibitions, and Struck examples, Made Sunnahs, and did not Make the Imam-asws – the knower of His-azwj Commands, to be in confusion from what Allah-azwj had Imposed from the (acts of) obedience, that he-asws should precede with a Command before its (appropriate) place, or he-asws should fight before its time, and Allah-azwj has Said regarding the hunting: Do not kill prey while you are in Ihram [5:95]. So, is killing the prey greater or kill the (human) soul?’
و جعل لكل محلا، و قال: وَ إِذا حَلَلْتُمْ فَاصْطادُوا و قال: لا تُحِلُّوا شَعائِرَ اللَّهِ وَ لَا الشَّهْرَ الْحَرامَ فجعل الشهور عدة معلومة، و جعل منها أربعة حرما، و قال: فَسِيحُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ اعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ غَيْرُ مُعْجِزِي اللَّهِ
And He-azwj Made a place for all, and Said: and when you are free (from the Ihram), then (you can) hunt [5:2]; and Said: ‘Do not violate the rituals of Allah nor the Sacred Month. So He-azwj Made the months to be of a known number, and Made four from these as Sacred. And He-azwj Said: So go about in the land for four months and know that you cannot frustrate Allah [9:2]’’.[24]
VERSE 3
حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةُ وَالدَّمُ وَلَحْمُ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَمَا أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ بِهِ وَالْمُنْخَنِقَةُ وَالْمَوْقُوذَةُ وَالْمُتَرَدِّيَةُ وَالنَّطِيحَةُ وَمَا أَكَلَ السَّبُعُ إِلَّا مَا ذَكَّيْتُمْ وَمَا ذُبِحَ عَلَى النُّصُبِ وَأَنْ تَسْتَقْسِمُوا بِالْأَزْلَامِ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ فِسْقٌ ۗ الْيَوْمَ يَئِسَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ دِينِكُمْ فَلَا تَخْشَوْهُمْ وَاخْشَوْنِ ۚ الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا ۚ فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ فِي مَخْمَصَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَجَانِفٍ لِإِثْمٍ ۙ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ {3}
Prohibited unto you is the dead, and the blood and meat of the pig, and whatever has been dedicated for other than Allah with, and the strangled, and the sick, and the fallen, and the gored, and what the predators have eaten (from), except what you have purified; and what is slaughtered upon the altars and that which you are apportioning with the arrows, that is a transgression.
Today have despaired, those who committed Kufr from your Religion, so do not fear them and fear Me. Today I Perfected your Religion for you and Completed My Favour upon you, and am Pleased with Al-Islam as a Religion for you.
But the one who is desperate during hunger without inclination to sin, then Allah is Forgiving, Merciful [5:3]
ابن بابويه، قال: حدثنا أحمد بن زياد بن جعفر الهمداني، [و الحسين بن إبراهيم بن أحمد بن هشام بن المؤدب، و علي بن عبد الله الوراق، و حمزة بن محمد بن أحمد بن جعفر بن محمد بن زيد بن علي بن الحسين بن علي بن أبي طالب (عليهم السلام)، قالوا:] حدثنا علي بن إبراهيم بن هاشم سنة سبع و ثلاث مائة، قال: حدثني أبي، عن أبي أحمد محمد بن زياد الأزدي. و أحمد بن محمد بن أبي نصر البزنطي، جميعا، عن أبان بن عثمان الأحمر، عن أبان بن تغلب
Ibn Babuwayh said, ‘Ahmad Bin Ziyad Ja’far Al Hamdany narrated to us, and Al Husayn Bin Ibrahim Bin Ahmad Bin Hisham Bin Al Mowdab, and Ali Bin Abdullah Al Waraq, and Hamza Bin Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Zayd Bin Ali Bin Al Husayn -asws Bin Ali Bin Abu Talib -asws, from Ali Bin Ibrahim Bin Hashim in the year three hundred and seven, from his father, from Abu Ahmad Muhammad Bin Zayd Al Azdy, and Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr Al Zubeyri, altogether, from Aban Bin Usman Al Ahmar, from Aban Bin Taghlub,
عن أبي جعفر محمد بن علي الباقر (صلوات الله عليهما) أنه قال في قوله عز و جل: حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةُ وَ الدَّمُ وَ لَحْمُ الْخِنْزِيرِ الآية، قال: «الْمَيْتَةُ وَ الدَّمُ وَ لَحْمُ الْخِنْزِيرِ معروف وَ ما أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ بِهِ يعني ما ذبح للأصنام
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far Muhammad-asws Bin Ali Al-Baqir-asws having said regarding the Words of the Mighty and Majestic Prohibited unto you is the dead, and the blood and meat of the pig [5:3] – the Verse, said: ‘The dead, and the blood, and the meat of the pig is well known, and whatever has been dedicated for other than Allah with – Means what has been slaughtered for the idols.
و أما الْمُنْخَنِقَةُ فان المجوس كانوا لا يأكلون الذبائح و يأكلون الميتة، و كانوا يخنقون البقر و الغنم، فإذا اختنقت و ماتت أكلوها. وَ الْمُتَرَدِّيَةُ كانوا يشدون عينها و يلقونها من السطح، فإذا ماتت أكلوها. وَ النَّطِيحَةُ كانوا يناطحون بالكباش، فإذا مات أحدها أكلوه
And as for and the strangled, so the Magians were not eating the slaughtered and they were eating the dead, and they used to strangle the cows and the sheep, so when it was strangled and died, they ate it. and the fallen – they used to pull it and throw it from the roof, so if it died, they would eat it. and the gored – they used to have (it fight with the) rams. So when one of it died, they would eat it.
وَ ما أَكَلَ السَّبُعُ إِلَّا ما ذَكَّيْتُمْ فكانوا يأكلون ما يقتله الذئب و الأسد، فحرم الله عز و جل ذلك وَ ما ذُبِحَ عَلَى النُّصُبِ كانوا يذبحون لبيوت النيران، و قريش كانوا يعبدون الشجر و الصخر فيذبحون لهما
and what the predators have eaten (from), except what you have purified – they used to eat what was killed by the wolf and the lion, so Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Prohibited that; and what is slaughtered upon the altars – they used to sacrifice for the houses of fire worship, and the Quraysh used to worship the tree and the rock, so they used to slaughter for the sake of these two.
وَ أَنْ تَسْتَقْسِمُوا بِالْأَزْلامِ ذلِكُمْ فِسْقٌ، قال: كانوا يعمدون إلى جزور فيجزئونه عشرة أجزاء، ثم يجتمعون عليه فيخرجون السهام و يدفعونها إلى رجل، و السهام عشرة: سبعة لها أنصباء، و ثلاثة لا أنصباء لها، فالتي لها أنصباء: الفذ، و التوأم، و المسبل، و النافس، و الحلس، و الرقيب، و المعلى. فالفذ له سهم، و التوأم له سهمان، و المسبل له ثلاثة أسهم، و النافس له أربعة أسهم، و الحلس له خمسة أسهم، و الرقيب له ستة أسهم، و المعلى له سبعة أسهم
And that which you are apportioning with the arrows, that is a transgression -they were deliberating to the (sacrificial) animal and divide it into ten parts. Then they would form a consensus over it and hand these arrows to a man. The arrows were ten in number, seven of which had a head and three did not. So the ones which had heads were Al-Faz, and Al-Taw’am, and Al-Masbal and Al-Nafas, and Al-Halas, and Al-Raqeeb, and Al-Moala. So Al-Faz had one share, and Al-Tawa’im had two shares, and Al-Masbak had three shares, and Al-Nafas had four shares, and Al-Halas had five shares, and Al-Raqeeb had six shares, and Al-Moala had seven shares.
و التي لا أنصباء لها: السفيح و المنيح و الوغد، و ثمن الجزور على من لا يخرج له من الأنصباء شيء، و هو القمار، فحرمه الله عز و جل
And the one which did not have a head for it were the Al-Safeeh, and Al-Mani’e, and Al-Wagad, and the price of the (sacrificial) animal was paid by the one from whom one of these came out. ‘و هو القمار’ And it is the gambling, therefore Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Prohibited it’.[25]
العياشي: عن محمد بن عبد الله، عن بعض أصحابه قال: قلت لأبي عبد الله (عليه السلام): جعلت فداك، لم حرم الله الميتة و الدم و لحم الخنزير؟
Al Ayyashi, from Muhammad Bin Abdullah, from one of his companions who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! Why did Allah-azwj Prohibit the dead, and the blood and meat of the pig [5:3]?’
فقال: «إن الله تبارك و تعالى لم يحرم ذلك على عباده و أحل لهم ما سواه من رغبة منه تبارك و تعالى فيما حرم عليهم، و لا زهد فيما أحل لهم، و لكنه خلق الخلق و علم ما يقوم به أبدانهم و ما يصلحهم
He-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted did not Prohibit that upon His-azwj servants, and Permit for them what is besides these due to a Desire from Him-azwj Blessed and Exalted with regards to what is Prohibited upon them, nor due to abstention regarding what He-azwj Permitted for them. But, He-azwj Created the creatures and Knows what their bodies would be standing with and what is correct for them.
فأحله و أباحه تفضلا منه عليهم لمصلحتهم، و علم ما يضرهم فنهاهم عنه و حرمه عليهم، ثم أباحه للمضطر و أحله لهم في الوقت الذي لا يقوم بدنه إلا به، فأمره أن ينال منه بقدر البلغة لا غير ذلك
Thus, He-azwj Permitted it and Allowed it as a Grace from Him-azwj due to their own benefit. And He-azwj Know what would harm them, so He-azwj Forbade from it and Prohibited upon them. Then He-azwj Allowed it for the desperate and Permitted it for them during the time which their bodies could not stand except by it. He-azwj Commanded it that he (the desperate one) can attain from it by a measurement of the need, not other than that’.
ثم قال: «أما الميتة فإنه لا يدنو منها أحد و لا يأكلها إلا ضعف بدنه، و نحل جسمه، و وهنت قوته، و انقطع نسله، و لا يموت آكل الميتة إلا فجأة
Then he-asws said: ‘As for the dead, so no one would approach it nor eat from it except that it would weaken his body, and waste away his body, and his strength would decline, and his offspring would be cut off, and the consumer of the dead would not be dying except suddenly.
و أما الدم فانه يورث الكلب، و قسوة القلب، و قلة الرأفة و الرحمة، لا يؤمن أن يقتل ولده و والديه، و لا يؤمن على حميمه، و لا يؤمن على من صحبه
And as for the blood, so it would inherit the rabies, and hardness of the heart, and scarcity of the compassion and the mercy. There is no safety that he would kill his children, and his parents, nor is there safety upon his intimate, nor is there safety upon the one who accompanies him.
و أما لحم الخنزير فإن الله مسخ قوما في صورة شيء شبه الخنزير و القرد و الدب، و ما كان من الأمساخ، ثم نهى عن أكل مثله لكي لا ينتفع بها و لا يستخف بعقوبته
And as for meat of the pig – so Allah-azwj Morphed a people to be in the image of something resembling the pig, and the monkey, and the bear, and whatever was from the Morphing. Then He-azwj Forbade from eating the likes of it as they would neither benefit by it nor take lightly with His-azwj Punishment.
و أما الخمر فانه حرمها لفعلها و فسادها
And as for the wine, so He-azwj Prohibited it due to its repercussions and its corruption’.
و قال: «إن مدمن الخمر كعابد وثن، و يورثه ارتعاشا، و يذهب بنوره، و يهدم مروءته، و يحمله على أن يجسر على المحارم من سفك الدماء، و ركوب الزنا، و لا يؤمن إذا سكر أن يثب على حرمه و هو لا يعقل ذلك، و الخمر لم يرد شاربها إلا إلى كل شر
And the Imam-asws said: ‘The one habitual of the wine is like the worshipper of idols, and he would inherit the trembling, and his radiance would go away, and his manhood would be demolished, and he would be carried to being audacious upon the Prohibition of shedding the blood, and indulging in adultery. And there is no safety when he is intoxicated, that he would leap upon his sanctimonious ones (commit incest) and he would not mind that. And the wine does not return it’s drinker except to every evil’.[26]
الشيخ: بإسناده عن أبي الحسين الأسدي، عن سهل بن زياد، عن عبد العظيم بن عبد الله الحسني، عن أبي جعفر محمد بن علي الرضا (عليه السلام)، أنه قال: سألته عما أهل لغير الله، قال: «ما ذبح لصنم، أو وثن، أو شجر، حرم الله ذلك كما حرم الميتة و الدم و لحم الخنزير فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ باغٍ وَ لا عادٍ فَلا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ أن يأكل الميتة
Al Sheykh, by his chain from Al Husayn Al Asady, from Sahl bin Ziyad, from Abdul Azeem Bin Abdullah Al Hasany,
From Abu Ja’far Muhammad-asws Bin Ali Al-Reza-asws, said, ‘I asked him-asws about what is devoted for other than Allah-azwj. He-asws said: ‘Whatever is slaughtered for an idol, or an image, or a tree, Allah-azwj has Prohibited that just as He-azwj Prohibited the dead, and the blood and the meat of the pig But the one who is desperate during hunger without inclination to sin [5:3] if he eats the dead’.
قال: فقلت له: يا بن رسول الله، متى تحل للمضطر الميتة؟
He (the narrator) said, ‘So I said to him-asws, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! When is the dead Permissible for the desperate one?’
قال: «حدثني أبي عن أبيه، عن آبائه (عليهم السلام): أن رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) سئل، فقيل له: يا رسول الله، إنا نكون بأرض فتصيبنا المخمصة، فمتى تحل لنا الميتة؟ قال: ما لم تصطبحوا، أو تغتبقوا، أو تحتفوا بقلا فشأنكم بهذا
He-asws said: ‘My-asws father-asws narrated to me-asws from his-asws father-asws, from his-asws forefathers-asws that Rasool-Allah-saww was asked, it was said to him-saww, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! We tend to be in a land and the starvation hits us. When is (eating) the dead Permissible for us?’ He-saww said: ‘For as long as you have not had your breakfast, or your dinner, or provisions of vegetables, then you can occupy with this’.
قال عبد العظيم: فقلت له: يا بن رسول الله، فما معنى قوله عز و جل: فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ باغٍ وَ لا عادٍ؟
Abdul Azeem said, ‘So I said to him-asws, ‘O son-asws of Rasool-Allah-saww! So what is the Meaning of the Words of the Mighty and Majestic: But the one who is desperate, without coveting nor transgressing [2:173]?’
قال: «العادي: السارق، و الباغي: الذي يبغي الصيد بطرا و لهوا لا ليعود به على عياله، و ليس لهما أن يأكلا الميتة إذا اضطرا، هي حرام عليهما في حال الاضطرار كما هي حرام عليهما في حال الاختيار، و ليس لهما أن يقصرا في صوم و لا صلاة في سفر
He-asws said: ‘The transgressor is the thief, and the coveting is the one who seeks the prey out of pleasure and sport, not returning with it to his dependants, and it isn’t for these two that they can eat the dead when they are desperate. It is Prohibited unto them during the state of desperation just as it is Prohibited unto them during the state of choice, and it isn’t for them that they can shorten (Salat) during Fasting nor Salat during travel’.
قال: فقلت له فقوله تعالى: وَ الْمُنْخَنِقَةُ وَ الْمَوْقُوذَةُ وَ الْمُتَرَدِّيَةُ وَ النَّطِيحَةُ وَ ما أَكَلَ السَّبُعُ إِلَّا ما ذَكَّيْتُمْ؟
He said, ‘So I said to him-asws, ‘The Words of the Exalted: ‘and the strangled, and the sick, and the fallen, and the gored, and what the predators have eaten (from), except what you have purified [5:3]?’
قال: «المنخنقة: التي انخنقت بأخناقها حتى تموت، و الموقوذة: التي مرضت و وقذها المرض حتى لم تكن بها حركة، و المتردية: التي تتردى من مكان مرتفع إلى أسفل، أو تتردى من جبل، أو في بئر فتموت، و النطيحة: التي تنطحها بهيمة أخرى فتموت، و ما أكل السبع منه فمات، و ما ذبح على النصب: على حجر أو صنم إلا ما أدركت ذكاته فذكي
He-asws said: ‘The strangled is that which is strangled by suffocating it until it dies; and the sick is what which falls sick and its illness overcomes it until there is no movement in it; and the fallen is that which is thrown from a high place to a low, or thrown from a mountain, or into a well, so it dies; and the gored is which is gored by a another beast, so it dies; and what the predators have eaten from, so it dies, and what is slaughtered upon the altars, upon a rock or an idol, except what comes across its (Islamic) slaughter, so it is slaughtered’.
قلت: وَ أَنْ تَسْتَقْسِمُوا بِالْأَزْلامِ؟ قال: «كانوا في الجاهلية يشترون بعيرا فيما بين عشرة أنفس و يستقسمون عليه بالقداح، و كانت عشرة: سبعة لها أنصباء، و ثلاثة لا أنصباء لها، أما التي لها أنصباء: فالفذ، و التوأم، و النافس، و الحلس، و المسبل، و المعلى، و الرقيب. و أما التي لا أنصباء لها: فالسفيح، و المنيح، و الوعد
I said, ‘and that which you are apportioning with the arrows?’ He-asws said: ‘They used to, during the Pre-Islamic period, buying a camel in what is between ten people, and they would be dividing upon it with the pieces of iron, and these were ten – seven having marks, and three not having marks for it. As for those which had marks were (called), Al Afaz, and Al Tawa’im, and Al Nafis, and Al Halas, and Al Masbal, and Al Ma’la. And Al Raqeed. And as for those not having marks for it were (called) Al Safeed, and Al Maneeh, and Al Wa’d’.
و كانوا يجيلون السهام بين عشرة، فمن خرج منها باسمه سهم من التي لا أنصباء لها الزم ثلث ثمن البعير، فلا يزالون كذلك حتى تقع السهام التي لا أنصباء لها إلى ثلاثة، فيلزمونهم ثمن البعير ثم ينحرونه، و يأكله السبعة الذين لم ينقدوا في ثمنه شيئا، و لم يطعموا منه الثلاثة الذين وفروا ثمنه شيئا
And they used to make the shares between ten, so the one whose name came out from it, an arrow which had not mark for it, would be necessitated to pay a third of the price of the camel. They would not be ceasing like that until there would occur the arrow which had not mark to it, to three (of them), and they would necessitate them the price of the camel. Then they would sacrifice it and the (other) seven would eat it, those who did not have to pay anything of the price, and they would not feed from it, the three those who had paid something of its price.
فلما جاء الإسلام حرم الله تعالى ذكره ذلك فيما حرم، و قال عز و جل: وَ أَنْ تَسْتَقْسِمُوا بِالْأَزْلامِ ذلِكُمْ فِسْقٌ يعني حراما
When Al-Islam came, Allah-azwj, Exalted is His-azwj Mention, Prohibited that among what He-azwj Prohibited. And Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: and that which you are apportioning with the arrows, that is a transgression – Meaning Prohibited’’.
و عنه، قال: و في رواية أبي الجارود، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، في قوله: غَيْرَ مُتَجانِفٍ لِإِثْمٍ، قال: يقول: «غير متعمد لإثم
And from him (Ali Bin Ibrahim) (said), ‘And in a report of Abu Al Jaroud,
‘From Abu Ja’far-asws regarding His-azwj Words: without inclination to sin [5:3], said: ‘He-azwj is Saying: “Without deliberating to sin”’.[27]
Despair of the Kafirs
العياشي: عن عمرو بن شمر، عن جابر، قال: قال أبو جعفر (عليه السلام) في هذه الآية: الْيَوْمَ يَئِسَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ دِينِكُمْ فَلا تَخْشَوْهُمْ وَ اخْشَوْنِ: «يوم يقوم القائم (عليه السلام) يئس بنو امية فهم الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يئسوا من آل محمد (صلى الله عليه و آله)
Al Ayyashi, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir who said,
‘Abu Ja’far-asws said regarding this Verse Today have despaired, those who committed Kufr from your Religion, so do not fear them and fear Me [5:3]: ‘The day Al-Qaim-asws rises, the clan of Umayya would despair, for they are those who committed Kufr , having despaired from the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww’.[28]
Allah-azwj Promising Rasool-Allah-saww Protection from the people (hypocrites)
السيد الرضي في كتاب (المناقب): عن محمد بن إسحاق، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، عن أبيه، عن جده، قال: «لما انصرف رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) من حجة الوداع نزل أرضا يقال لها: ضوجان، فنزلت هذه الآية يا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ بَلِّغْ ما أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَبِّكَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلْ فَما بَلَّغْتَ رِسالَتَهُ وَ اللَّهُ يَعْصِمُكَ مِنَ النَّاسِ فلما نزلت عصمته من الناس، نادى: الصلاة جامعة
Al Syed Al Razy in the book Al Manaqib, from Muhammad Bin Is’haq,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws, from his-asws father-asws, from his-asws grandfather-asws having said: ‘When Rasool-Allah-saww left from the Farewell Hajj, encamped at a land called Zawjan, and this Verse was Revealed O you Rasool! Deliver what has been Revealed unto you from your Lord; and if you don’t do so, then you have not delivered His Message, and Allah will Protect you from the people [5:67]. So when Protect you from the people was Revealed, Rasool Allah-saww called for the congregational Salat.
فاجتمع الناس إليه و قال (عليه السلام): من أولى منكم بأنفسكم؟ فضجوا بأجمعهم، و قالوا: الله و رسوله
The people gathered and he-saww said: ‘Who is foremost from you with your own selves?’ They resounded in their entirety and they said, ‘Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww!’
فأخذ بيد علي بن أبي طالب (عليه السلام)، و قال: من كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه، اللهم وال من والاه، و عاد من عاداه، و انصر من نصره، و اخذل من خذله، فإنه مني و أنا منه، و هو مني بمنزلة هارون من موسى إلا أنه لا نبي بعدي
Then he-saww grabbed Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws and said: ‘The one whose Master I-saww was, so Ali-asws is his Master! O Allah-azwj! Befriend the one who befriends him-asws, and Inimical to the one who is inimical to him-asws, and Help the one who helps him-asws, and Abandon the one who abandons him-asws, for he-asws is from me-saww and I-saww am from him-asws, and he-asws is from me-saww of the status of Haroun-as from Musa-as except that there would be no Prophet-saww after me-saww’.
و كانت آخر فريضة فرضها الله تعالى على امة محمد (صلى الله عليه و آله)، ثم أنزل الله تعالى على نبيه الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَ أَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَ رَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلامَ دِيناً
And it was the last Obligation which Allah-azwj the Exalted Obligated upon the community of Muhammad-saww. Then Allah-azwj Revealed unto His-azwj Prophet-saww Today I Perfected your Religion for you and Completed My Favour upon you, and am Pleased with Al Islam as a Religion for you [5:3]’.
قال أبو جعفر (عليه السلام): «فقبلوا من رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) كل ما أمرهم الله من الفرائض في الصلاة و الصوم و الزكاة و الحج، و صدقوه على ذلك
Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘So they received from Rasool-Allah-saww everything which Allah-azwj had Commanded them, from the Obligations regarding the Salat, and the Sawm, and the Zakat, and the Hajj, and ratified him-saww upon that’.
قال ابن إسحاق: قلت لأبي جعفر (عليه السلام): متى كان ذلك؟ قال: «لسبع عشرة ليلة خلت من ذي الحجة سنة عشر، عند منصرفه من حجة الوداع، و كان بين ذلك و بين وفاة النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله) مائة يوم
Ibn Is’haq said, ‘I said to Abu Ja’far-asws, ‘When was that?’ He-asws said: ‘Seventeen nights from Zil-Hajj in the year ten (Hijra) during the returning from the Farewell Hajj. And between that and the passing away of the Prophet-saww were a hundred days’.[29]
The Verse of Perfection of Religion
فُرَاتٌ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَفْصٍ الْعَوْسِيُّ [العرسي] قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا يَقْطِينٌ الْجَوَالِيقِيُّ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ [ع] فِي قَوْلِهِ [قَوْلِ اللَّهِ] الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَ أَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي قَالَ نَزَلَتْ فِي عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع خَاصَّةً دُونَ النَّاسِ
Furat said, ‘It was narrated to me by Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Ali Bin Hafs Al Awsy, from Yaqteen Al Jawaliqy,
‘From Ja’far-asws from his-asws father-asws regarding His-azwj Words: Today I Perfected your Religion for you and Completed My Favour upon you [5:3]. He-asws said: ‘It was Revealed regarding Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws in particular, besides the people’’.[30]
The Perfection of Religion by Al-Wilayah as being the final Obligation
علي بن إبراهيم، قال: حدثني أبي، عن صفوان بن يحيى، عن العلاء، عن محمد بن مسلم، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام)، قال: «آخر فريضة أنزلها الله تعالى الولاية، ثم لم ينزل بعدها فريضة، ثم أنزل: الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ بكراع الغميم فأقامها رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) بالجحفة ، فلم ينزل بعدها فريضة
Ali Bin Ibrahim said, ‘My father narrated to me, from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Al A’la, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘The last Obligation which Allah-azwj the High Revealed was Al-Wilayah, then no Obligation was Revealed after it. Then it was Revealed Today I Perfected your Religion for you [5:3] at Kara’a Al-Ghameem, so Rasool-Allah-saww established it at Al-Johfa. Thus, no Obligation was Revealed after it’.[31]
عن ابن أذينة قال: سمعت زرارة، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام): «أن الفريضة كانت تنزل، ثم تنزل الفريضة الاخرى، فكانت الولاية آخر الفرائض، فأنزل الله: الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَ أَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَ رَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلامَ دِيناً- فقال أبو جعفر (عليه السلام)- يقول الله: لا انزل عليكم بعد هذه الفريضة فريضة
From Ibn Azina who said, ‘I heard Zurara,
From Abu Ja’far-asws (saying): ‘The Obligation used to be Revealed, then another Obligation was Revealed. But, the Wilayah is the last of the Obligations, so Allah-azwj Revealed: Today I Perfected your Religion for you and Completed My Favour upon you, and am Pleased with Al Islam as a Religion for you [5:3]’. Abu Ja’far-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj is Saying: “I-azwj will not be Revealing upon you an Obligation after this Obligation (of Wilayah)’’.[32]
محمد بن يعقوب: عن أبي محمد القاسم بن العلاء (رحمه الله)، رفعه، عن عبد العزيز بن مسلم، قال: كنا مع الرضا (عليه السلام) بمرو، فاجتمعنا في الجامع يوم الجمعة في بدء مقدمنا، فأداروا أمر الإمامة، و كثرة اختلاف الناس فيها، فدخلت على سيدي (عليه السلام)، فأعلمته في خوض الناس فيه، فتبسم (عليه السلام)، ثم قال: «يا عبد العزيز، جهل القوم، و خدعوا عن أديانهم
Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from Abu Muhammad Al-Qasim Bin Al-A’la, raising it, from Abdul Aziz Bin Muslim who said,
‘I was with Al-Reza-asws as Merv, and we had gathered in the Mosque on Friday during the beginning of our arrival. So they were narrating the matter of the Imamate, and there was a lot of differing by the people with regards to it. So I went over to my Master-asws and informed him-asws of the quarrelling of the people regarding it. He-asws smiled at me, then said: ‘O Abdul Aziz! The people are ignorant and have been deceived about their religions.
إن الله عز و جل لم يقبض نبيه (صلى الله عليه و آله) حتى أكمل له الدين، و أنزل عليه القرآن فيه تبيان كل شيء، بين فيه الحلال و الحرام، و الحدود و الأحكام، و جميع ما يحتاج إليه الناس كملا
Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic did not Cause His-azwj Prophet-saww to pass away until Completing the Religion for him-saww, and Revealed the Quran unto him-saww in which is the explanation of everything, regarding the Permissibles, and the Prohibitions, and the Legal punishment, and the Ordinances, and the entirety of what the people would be needy to from him-saww in totality.
و قال عز و جل: ما فَرَّطْنا فِي الْكِتابِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ و أنزل فيه ما أنزل في حجة الوداع- و هي آخر عمره (صلى الله عليه و آله)-: الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَ أَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَ رَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلامَ دِيناً، و أمر الإمامة من تمام الدين
And the Mighty and Majestic Said: We did not neglect in the Book of anything [6:38]; and Revealed in it what He-azwj Revealed during the Farewell Pilgrimage – and it was at the end of his-saww lifetime: Today I Perfected your Religion for you and Completed My Favour upon you, and am Pleased with Al Islam as a Religion for you [5:3]. And the matter of Imamate is from the Completion of the Religion.
و لم يمض رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) حتى بين لامته معالم دينهم، و أوضح لهم سبيلهم، و تركهم على قصد سبيل الحق، و أقام لهم عليا (عليه السلام) علما و إماما، و ما ترك شيئا تحتاج إليه الامة إلا بينه، فمن زعم أن الله عز و جل لم يكمل دينه فقد رد كتاب الله، و من رد كتاب الله فهو كافر به
And Rasool-Allah-saww did not leave (this world) until he-saww had explained to his-saww community, then the matters of their Religion, and clarified for them their way, and left them facing the Way of the Truth. And he-saww nominated for them Ali-asws as a flag and an Imam-asws. And he-saww did not leave anything out which the community would need from him-saww except that he-saww explained it. So the one who claims that Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic did not Complete His-azwj Religion, so he has rejected the Book of Allah-azwj, and the one who rejects the Book of Allah-azwj so he is a Kafir with it’.[33]
عن جعفر بن محمد الخزاعي، عن أبيه، قال: سمعت أبا عبد الله (عليه السلام) يقول: «لما نزل رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) عرفات يوم الجمعة أتاه جبرئيل (عليه السلام)، فقال له: يا محمد، إن الله يقرئك السلام، و يقول لك: قل لامتك الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ بولاية علي بن أبي طالب وَ أَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَ رَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلامَ دِيناً و لست انزل عليكم بعد هذا، قد أنزلت عليكم الصلاة و الزكاة و الصوم و الحج، و هي الخامسة، و لست أقبل هذه الأربعة إلا بها
From Ja’far Bin Muhammad Al Khazai’e, from his father who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘When Rasool-Allah-saww encamped at Arafaat on the day of Friday, Jibraeel-as came up to him-saww as said to him-saww: ‘O Muhammad-saww! Allah-azwj Conveys His-azwj Greeting to you-saww and is Saying to you-saww: “Say to your-saww community Today I Perfected your Religion for you by the Wilayah of Ali Bin Abu Talib-asws and Completed My Favour upon you, and am Pleased with Al-Islam as a Religion for you [5:3], and there will not be Revealed upon you all (any Obligation) after this, for there has been Revealed unto you the Salat, and the Zakat, and the Sawm, and the Hajj, and this is the fifth, and these four wouldn’t be Acceptable except by it (Wilayah)’.[34]
و عنه، قال: أخبرنا جماعة، عن أبي المفضل، قال: حدثنا أبو محمد الفضل بن محمد بن المسيب الشعرانيبجرجان، قال: حدثنا هارون بن عمر بن عبد العزيز بن محمد بن أبو موسى المجاشعي، قال: حدثنا محمد بن جعفر بن محمد، عن أبيه أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، عن علي أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)، قال: «سمعت رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) يقول: بناء الإسلام على خمس خصال: على الشهادتين، و القرينتين
And from him, said, ‘A group informed us from Abu Al Mufazzal, from Abu Muhammad Al Fazl Bin Muhammad Bin Al Musayyab Al Sharanayjarjan, from Haroun Bin Umar Bin Abdul Aziz Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Musa Al Majashy,
(It has been narrated) from Muhammad son of Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws, from Abu Abdullah-asws, from Amir Al-Momineen-asws who said, ‘I-asws heard Rasool-Allah-saww saying: ‘Al-Islam is built upon five characteristics – upon the two testimonies and the two pairs’.
قيل له: أما الشهادتان فقد عرفناهما، فما القرينتان؟
It was said to him-saww, ‘As for the two testimonies, so we have recognised them both. But, what are the two pairs?’
قال: الصلاة و الزكاة، فإنه لا تقبل إحداهما إلا بالأخرى، و الصيام و حج بيت الله من استطاع إليه سبيلا، و ختم ذلك بالولاية، فأنزل الله عز و جل: الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَ أَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَ رَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلامَ دِيناً
He-saww said: ‘The Salat and the Zakat (being one pair), for one of these is not Acceptable except with the other one; and the Soam and the Hajj of the House of Allah-azwj for the one who can capacity to it (being another pair), and that is sealed by the Wilayah. So Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Revealed: Today I Perfected your Religion for you and Completed My Favour upon you, and am Pleased with Al-Islam as a Religion for you [5:3]’’.[35]
الشيخ في (أماليه)، قال: أخبرنا أبو عبد الله محمد بن محمد بن النعمان (رحمه الله)، قال: أخبرنا أبو الحسن أحمد بن محمد بن الحسن بن الوليد، قال: حدثنا أبي، قال: حدثنا محمد بن الحسن الصفار، عن أحمد ابن أبي عبد الله البرقي، عن أبيه، عن محمد بن أبي عمير، عن المفضل بن عمر
Al Sheykh in his Amaaly said, ‘It was informed to us by Abu Abdullah Muhammad Bin Muhammad Bin Al Numan, from Abu Al Hassan Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Bin Al Waleed, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Al Saffar, from Ahmad Ibn Abu Abdullah Al Barqy, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Abu Umeyr, from Al Mufazzal Bin Umar,
عن الصادق جعفر بن محمد (عليه السلام)، قال: «قال أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام): أعطيت سبعا لم يعطها أحد قبلي سوى النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله)، لقد فتحت لي السبل، و علمت المنايا، و البلايا، و الأنساب، و فصل الخطاب، و لقد نظرت إلى الملكوت بإذن ربي، فما غاب عني ما كان قبلي و لا ما يأتي بعدي
From Al-Sadiq Ja’far-asws Bin Muhammad-asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘I-asws am Given seven (things) no one before me-asws has been Given besides the Prophet-saww. There has been Opened for me-asws the ways, and I-asws know the dreams, and the afflictions, and the lineages, and the decisive speech, and I-asws looked at the Kingdoms by the Permission of my-asws Lord-azwj. Thus, it is not hidden from me-asws whatever has happened before me-asws, nor what is to come after me-asws.
و إن بولايتي أكمل الله لهذه الامة دينهم، و أتم عليهم النعم، و رضي لهم إسلامهم، إذ يقول يوم الولاية لمحمد (صلى الله عليه و آله): يا محمد، أخبرهم أني أكملت لهم اليوم دينهم، و أتممت عليهم النعم، و رضيت لهم إسلامهم، كل ذلك من الله به علي فله الحمد
And that it was by my-asws Wilayah, Allah-azwj Perfected for this community, their Religion, and Completed the Favours upon them, and was Pleased for them with their Islam, when He-azwj was Saying on the Day of Al-Wilayah: “O Muhammad-saww! Inform them that I-azwj Perfected for them their Religion, and Completed the Favours upon them, and am Pleased for them with their Islam. All that, Allah-azwj Conferred upon me-asws. So for Him-azwj is the Praise’’.[36]
What is the Religion?
وروي محمد بن جمهور، عن عبد الرحمان بن كثير، عن أبي جميلة، عن أبي اسامة، عن أبي عبد الله عليه السلام في قوله عزوجل (أرأيت الذي يكذب بالدين) قال: بالولاية. يعني إن الدين هو الولاية
And it has been reported from Muhammad Bin Jamhour, from Abdul Rahman Bin Kaseer, from Abu Jameela, from Abu Asaama,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of the Mighty and Majestic: Have you considered him who belied the Religion? [107:1]. The Imam-asws said: ‘(Belied) the Wilayah. It means that the Religion (itself) is Al-Wilayah.
ويؤيده: قوله تعالى (إن الدين عند الله الاسلام) وهولا يتم إلا بالولاية، لانه سبحانه يوم فرض الولاية قال: (اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم وأتممت عليكم نعمتي ورضيت لكم الاسلام دينا). فلولا الولاية لم يكمل الدين، ولم تتم النعمة، ولم يرض الله سبحانه لنا دين الاسلام
And it is supported by the Words of the Exalted: The Religion in the Presence of Allah is Al-Islam [3:19], and it is not complete except by Al-Wilayah, because the Glorious One-azwj Said on the day that He-azwj Obligated the Wilayah: Today I Perfected your Religion for you and Completed My Favour upon you, and am Pleased with Al-Islam as a Religion for you [5:3]. Had it not been for Al-Wilayah, the religion would not have been perfected, nor would the Favours have been completed, nor would Allah-azwj the Glorious have been Pleased for us with the Religion of Al-Islam.
فلاجل ذلك صار الدين الولاية، فتمسك بها تكن من أهلها الموالين وقل عند لك: الحمد لله رب العالمين
It is for that reason Al-Wilayah became the Religion, therefore attach yourselves to it, you would become from its people, the Al-Mawaleen (those with Al-Wilayah)’, and say during that, ‘The Praise is for Allah-azwj, Lord-azwj of the Worlds’’.[37]
Why was the Religion Perfected?
حدثنا عبد الله بن جعفر عن محمد بن عيسى عن الحسين بن سعيد عن جعفر بن بشير عن حماد بن ابى اسامة قال كنت عند ابى عبد الله عليه السلام وعنده رجل من المغيرية فسئل عن شئ من السنن فقال مامن شئ يحتاج إليه ولد آدم الا وقد خرجت فيه السنة من الله ومن رسوله ولولا ذلك ما احتج
It has been narrated to us by Abdullah Bin Ja’far, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al-Husayn Bin Saeed, from Ja’far Bin Basheer, from Hamaad Bin Abu Osama who said:
‘I was in the presence of Abu Abdullah-asws, and with him-asws was a man from Al-Mugheyriya. He asked him-asws about something from the Sunnah. He-asws said: ‘There is nothing that a son of Adam-as would need from it except that there will come out from it the Sunnah from Allah-azwj, and from His-azwj Rasool-saww, and had it not been for that, what would be the argument?’
فقال المغيرى وبما احتج فقال أبو عبد الله عليه السلام قوله اليوم اكملت لكم دينكم واتممت عليكم نعمتي حتى فرغ من الاية فلو لم يكمل سنته وفرايضه وما يحتاج إليه الناس بما احتج به
Al-Mugheyriya said, ‘And by what is the argument?’ Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘His-azwj words: Today I Perfected your Religion for you and Completed My Favour upon you, and am Pleased with Al-Islam as a Religion for you – until he-asws had finished reciting the Verse. He-asws said: ‘Had He-azwj not Completed His-azwj Sunnah, and His-azwj Obligations, and whatever that the people would need from Him-azwj, by what would He-azwj Argue with?’[38]
Completion of the Favours
عن هشام بن سالم، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: «تمام النعمة: دخول الجنة
From Hisham Bin Saalim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Completion of the Favours – Entry into the Paradise’.[39]
The one whose Master I-saww was, so Ali-asws is his Master
الطبرسي، قال: حدثنا السيد العالم أبو الحمد مهدي بن نزار الحسيني، قال: حدثني أبو القاسم عبيد الله ابن عبد الله الحسكاني، قال: أخبرنا أبو عبد الله الشيرازي، قال: أخبرنا أبو بكر الجرجاني، قال: أخبرنا أبو أحمد البصري، قال: حدثنا أحمد بن عمار بن خالد، قال: حدثنا يحيى بن عبد الحميد الحماني، قال: حدثنا قيس بن الربيع، عن أبي هارون العبدي، عن أبي سعيد الخدري، أن رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) لما نزلت هذه الآية، قال: «الله أكبر على إكمال الدين و إتمام النعمة و رضا الرب برسالتي و ولاية علي بن أبي طالب (عليه السلام) من بعدي
Al Tabarsy said, ‘Al Syed Al Aalim Abu Al Hamd Al Mahdy Bin Nazar Al Husayni narrated to us, from Abu Al Qasim Ubeydullah Ibn Abdullah Al Haskany, from Abu Abdullah Al Shirazi, from Abu Bakr Al Jarjany, from Abu Ahmad Al Basry, from Ahmad Bin Amaar Bin Khalid, from Yahya Bin Abdul Hameed Al Hamany, from Qays Bin Al Rabi’e, from Abu Haroun Al Abdy,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Saeed Al-Khudry who said, ‘When this Verse was Revealed (5:3), Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj is the Greatest upon the Perfection of the Religion and the Completion of the Favours, and Allah-azwj is Pleased with my-saww Message and the Wilayah of Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws from after me-saww’.
و قال: «من كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه، اللهم وال من والاه، و عاد من عاداه، و انصر من نصره، و اخذل من خذله
And he-saww said: ‘The one whose Master I-saww was, so Ali-asws is his Master. O Allah-azwj! Befriend the one who befriends him-asws, and be Inimical to him who is inimical to him-asws, and the Help the one the one helps him-asws, and Abandon the one who abandons him-asws’.[40]
[ ابن المغازلي ] أخبرنا أبو طاهر محمد بن علي بن محمد البيع البغدادي، أخبرنا أبو أحمد عبيدالله بن محمد بن أحمد بن أبي مسلم، حدثنا أبو العباس أحمد بن محمد بن سعيد المعروف بابن عقدة الحافظ، حدثنا جعفر بن محمد بن سعيد الأحمسي، حدثنا نصر بن مزاحم، عن أبي ساسان وأبي حمزة، عن أبي إسحاق السبيعي، عن عامر بن واثلة قال
Ibn Al Maghazily – Abu Tahir Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Muhammad Al Bay’a Al Baghdady informed us, from Abu Ahmad Ubeydullah Bin Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Abu Muslim, from Abu Al Abbas Ahad Bin Muhammad Bin Saeed Al Marouf Ibn Uqda Al Hafiz, from Ja’far Bin Muhammad Bin Saeed Al Ahmasy, from Nasr Bin Mazahim, from Abu Sasaan and Abu Hamza, from Abu Is’haq Al Sabi’e, from Aamir Bin Wasila who said,
كنت مع علي (عليه السلام) في البيت يوم الشورى، فسمعت عليا يقول لهم: لأحتجن عليكم بما لا يستطيع عربيكم ولا عجميكم يغير ذلك…. إلى أن قال: فأنشدكم بالله هل فيكم أحد قال له رسول الله: من كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه اللهم وال من والاه وعاد من عاداه ليبلغ الشاهد منكم الغائب، غيري ؟ قالوا: اللهم لا
‘I was with Ali-asws in the house on the day of the consultation. So I heard Ali-asws saying to them: ‘I-asws will argue against you with what neither your Arab nor your non-Arab would be able to change that’ – until he-asws said: ‘I-asws adjure you with Allah-azwj! Is there among you anyone to whom Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The one whom I-saww was the Master of, so Ali-asws is his Master. O Allah-azwj! Befriend the one who befriends him-asws, and be Inimical to the one who is inimical to him-asws, apart from me-asws?’ They said, ‘Our Allah-azwj! No!’[41]
Declaration of Al-Wilayah in Ghadeer Khumm
قال: أنشدكم الله في قول الله: (يا أيها الذين آمنوا أطيعوا الله وأطيعوا الرسول وأولي الأمر منكم) ، وقوله: (إنما وليكم الله ورسوله والذين آمنوا الذين يقيمون الصلاة ويؤتون الزكاة وهم راكعون)، ثم قال: (ولم يتخذ من دون الله ولا رسوله ولا المؤمنين وليجة)
He-asws (Amir-Al-Momineen-asws) said: ‘I-asws adjure you to Allah-azwj regarding the Words of Allah-azwj: O you who believe! Obey Allah and obey the Rasool and those with (Divine) Authority from you [4:59], and His-azwj Words: But rather, Allah is your Guardian, and His Rasool and those who are believing, those who are establishing the Salat and are giving the Zakat while they are performing Ruku [5:55]; then Said: And neither take from besides Allah, nor His Rasool, nor the Momineen, a confidant [9:16].
فقال الناس: (يا رسول الله، أخاص لبعض المؤمنين أم عام لجميعهم)؟ فأمر الله عز وجل رسوله أن يعلمهم فيمن نزلت الآيات وأن يفسر لهم من الولاية ما فسر لهم من صلاتهم وصيامهم وزكاتهم وحجهم
The people said, ‘O Rasool Allah-saww! Is it in particular for some of the Momineen or generally for all of them?’ Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Commanded His-azwj Rasool-saww that he-saww teaches them regarding the ones for whom the Verses were Revealed, and that he-saww should interpret about the ‘Wilayah’ just as he-saww had interpreted to them of their Salats, and their Soams, and their Zakat, and their Hajj.
فنصبني بغدير خم وقال: (إن الله أرسلني برسالة ضاق بها صدري وظننت أن الناس مكذبوني، فأوعدني لأبلغنها أو يعذبني. قم يا علي)
He-saww nominated me-asws at Ghadeer Khumm and said: ‘Allah-azwj Sent me-saww with a Message which constricted my-saww chest and I-saww thought that the people would belie me-saww. He-azwj Promised me-saww that I-saww should preach it or else He-azwj would Punish me-saww. Arise! O Ali-asws!’.
ثم نادى بالصلاة جامعة، فصلى بهم الظهر، ثم قال: (أيها الناس، إن الله مولاي وأنا مولى المؤمنين وأولى بهم من أنفسهم. ألا من كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه، اللهم وال من والاه وعاد من عاداه وانصر من نصره واخذل من خذله)
Then he-saww called for the congregational Salat, so we all Prayed with him-asws Al-Zohar Salat, then he-saww said: ‘O you people! Surely Allah-azwj is my-saww Master, and I-saww am the Master of the believers and foremost to them than their own selves. Indeed! The one whose Master I-saww was, so Ali-asws is his Master. O Allah-azwj! Befriend the one who befriends him-asws, and be Inimical to the one who is inimical to him-asws, and Help the one who helps him-asws and Abandon the one who abandons him-asws’.
فقام إليه سلمان الفارسي فقال: يا رسول الله، ولاؤه كما ذا؟ فقال: (ولاؤه كولايتي، من كنت أولى به من نفسه فعلي أولى به من نفسه)، وأنزل الله تبارك وتعالى: (اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم وأتممت عليكم نعمتي ورضيت لكم الإسلام دينا)
Salman Al-Farsi-ra stood up in front of him-saww and said, ‘O Rasool Allah-saww, befriend him-asws like what?’ He-saww said: ‘Befriend him-asws like you-as are befriending me-saww. The one to whom I-saww am foremost than his own self, so Ali-asws is foremost to him than his own self’, and Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Revealed: Today I Perfected your Religion for you and Completed My Favour upon you, and am Pleased with Al Islam as a Religion for you [5:3]’.
فقال سلمان الفارسي: يا رسول الله، أنزلت هذه الآيات في علي خاصة؟ فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله: بل فيه وفي أوصيائي إلى يوم القيامة)
Salman Al-Farsi-ra said, ‘O Rasool Allah-saww! This Verse is Revealed regarding Ali-asws in particular?’ Rasool Allah-saww said: ‘Indeed, it is regarding him-asws, and regarding my-saww successors-asws up to the Day of Judgement’.
ثم قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله: (يا سلمان، اشهد أنت ومن حضرك بذلك وليبلغ الشاهد الغائب). فقال سلمان الفارسي: يا رسول الله، بينهم لنا
Then Rasool Allah-saww said: ‘O Salman-ra, you and those who are present are witnesses of that, and those present should make it reach to the ones who are absent’. Salman Al-Farsi-ra said, ‘O Rasool Allah-saww, explain clarify them-asws for us’.
فقال: (علي أخي ووزيري ووصيي ووارثي وخليفتي في أمتي وولي كل مؤمن بعدي، وأحد عشر إماما من ولده. أولهم ابني الحسن، ثم الحسين، ثم تسعة من ولد الحسين واحدا بعد واحد. القرآن معهم وهم مع القرآن لا يفارقونه حتى يردوا علي الحوض)
He-saww said: ‘Ali-asws, who is my-saww brother, and my-saww Vizier, and my-saww successor, and my-saww inheritor, and my-saww Caliph in my-saww community, and the Guardian of every believer after me-saww, and eleven Imams-asws from his sons-asws. The first of them-asws is my-saww son Al-Hassan-asws, then Al-Husayn-asws, then nine from the sons-asws of Al-Husayn-asws, one after the other. The Quran is with them-asws and they-asws are with the Quran. Neither will it separate from them-asws nor will they separate from it until they-asws return to the Fountain’.
فقام اثنا عشر رجلا من البدريين فقالوا: نشهد أنا سمعنا ذلك من رسول الله كما قلت سواء لم تزد فيه ولم تنقص حرفا، وأشهدنا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله على ذلك. وقال بقية السبعين: قد سمعنا ذلك ولم نحفظ كله، وهؤلاء الاثنا عشر خيارنا وأفضلنا. فقال عليه السلام: صدقتم، ليس كل الناس يحفظ، بعضهم أحفظ من بعض
Twelve men from the people of Badr stood up and said, ‘We testify that we heard that from the Rasool Allah-saww as you-asws have said it exactly, neither have you-asws added nor you-asws have been deficient by a single letter, and Rasool Allah-saww made us witnesses on that’. And the remaining seventy said, ‘We have heard that but did not memorise all of it, and these twelve are our good ones, and the best ones of us’. So he-asws said: ‘You spoke the truth. It is not for all the people to be memorisers, some of them are better at memorising than others’.
فقام من الاثني عشر أربعة: أبو الهيثم بن التيهان وأبو أيوب الأنصاري وعمار بن ياسر وخزيمة بن ثابت ذو الشهادتين رحمهم الله، فقالوا: نشهد أنا قد سمعنا قول رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وحفظناه أنه قال يومئذ وهو قائم وعلي قائم إلى جنبه
Four from the twelve stood up – Abu Al-Haysam Bin Al-Tayham, and Abu Ayyub Al-Ansary, and Amaar Bin Yaaser, and Khuzayma Bin Sabit, the one with the two testimonies, may Allah-azwj have Mercy on them – so they said, ‘We testify that we have heard the words of Rasool Allah-saww and we have preserved it that he-saww did say one day, and he-saww was standing, and Ali-asws was standing beside him-saww.
ثم قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله: (يا أيها الناس، إن الله أمرني أن أنصب لكم إماما ووصيا يكون وصي نبيكم فيكم وخليفتي في أمتي وفي أهل بيتي من بعدي والذي فرض الله على المؤمنين في كتابه طاعته وأمركم فيه بولايته. فراجعت ربي خشية طعن أهل النفاق وتكذيبهم، فأوعدني لأبلغها أو ليعذبني)
Then Rasool Allah-saww said: ‘O you people! Allah-azwj has Commanded me-saww that I-saww should nominate for you an Imam-asws and a successor-asws who will be the successor-asws of your Prophet-saww among you, and my-saww Caliph in my-saww community, and among the People-asws of my-saww Household after me-saww, and the one-asws for whom Allah-azwj has Obligated upon the believers, in His-azwj book, obedience to him-asws, and has Commanded to you all in it for his-asws ‘Wilayah’. So I-saww referred it back to my-saww Lord out of fear of the hypocrites and their belying it, so He-azwj Promised me-saww that (He-azwj will Protect me-saww) but if I-saww do not preach it, He-azwj would Punish me-saww’.
ثم قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله: (أيها الناس، إن الله – جل اسمه – أمركم في كتابه بالصلاة وقد بينتها لكم وسننتها، والزكاة والصوم والحج فبينتها وفسرتها لكم، وأمركم في كتابه بالولاية وإني أشهدكم أيها الناس أنها خاصة لعلي بن أبي طالب والأوصياء من ولدي وولد أخي ووصيي، علي أولهم ثم الحسن ثم الحسين ثم تسعة من ولد الحسين ابني، لا يفارقون الكتاب ولا يفارقهم حتى يردوا علي الحوض
Then Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘O you people! Surely Allah-azwj – Majestic is His-azwj Name – has Commanded you all in His-azwj Book for the Salat and I-saww have explained it for you and its mannerism, and the Zakat, and the Sawm, and the Hajj. So I-saww explained these to you and interpreted them for you all, and He-azwj Commanded you all in His-azwj Book for the ‘Wilayah’, and I-saww adjure you, O you people, that it is in particular for Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws and the successors-asws from my-saww sons-asws and the sons-asws of my-saww brother and my-saww successor-asws. Ali-asws is the first of them-asws, then Al-Hassan-asws, then Al-Husayn-asws, then nine from the sons-asws of Al-Husayn-asws – my-saww son-asws. Neither will the Book be separated from them-asws nor will they-asws separate from it until they-asws return to the Fountain.
يا أيها الناس، إني قد أعلمتكم مفزعكم وإمامكم بعدي ودليلكم وهاديكم وهو أخي علي بن أبي طالب، وهو فيكم بمنزلتي فيكم
O you people! I-saww have made known to you your ‘Guide’ and your Imam-asws after me-saww, and your indicator and your guide, and he-asws is Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, and he-asws is among you at the status that I-saww have among you.
فقلدوه دينكم وأطيعوه في جميع أموركم، فإن عنده جميع ما علمني الله وأمرني الله أن أعلمه إياه وأعلمكم أنه عنده، فاسألوه وتعلموا منه ومن أوصيائه بعده، ولا تعلموهم ولا تتقدموهم ولا تتخلفوا عنهم، فإنهم مع الحق والحق معهم لا يزايلوه ولا يزايلهم)
So, emulate him-asws (do his-asws Taqleed), and obey him-asws in all of your affairs, for in his-asws possession is what Allah-azwj has Taught me-saww, and Commanded me-saww for, and I-saww have made it known to him-asws, and I-saww am letting you know that it is with him-asws. So ask him-asws and learn from him-asws and from the successors-asws after him-asws, and do not try to teach them-asws nor precede them-asws not be left behind them-asws, for they-asws are with the truth and the truth is with them-asws, neither will they-asws leave it nor will it leave them-asws’.[42]
قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا قَيْسُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ عَنْ أَبِي هَارُونَ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ
He said, ‘It was narrated to us by Qays Bin Al Rabi’e, from Abu Haroun, from Abu Saeed,
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَمَّا دَعَا النَّاسَ بَعْدَ غَدِيرِ خُمٍّ أَمَرَ بِمَا كَانَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ مِنَ الشَّوْكِ فَقَامَ وَ ذَلِكَ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ دَعَا النَّاسَ إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع فَأَخَذَ بِضَبْعَيْهِ فَرَفَعَهُمَا حَتَّى نَظَرَ النَّاسُ إِلَى بَيَاضِ إِبْطَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَلَمْ يَتَفَرَّقُوا حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَ أَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَ رَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلامَ دِيناً فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ عَلَى إِكْمَالِ الدِّينِ وَ إِتْمَامِهِ وَ رِضَا الرَّبِّ تَعَالَى بِرِسَالَتِي وَ الْوَلَايَةِ لِعَلِيٍّ
‘When Rasool-Allah-saww called the people after Ghadeer Khumm, he-saww ordered with (the sweeping) of the thorns which were beneath the tree, so he-saww stood, and that was on the day of Thursday. He-saww called the people to Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, and he-saww grabbed his-asws forearms and raised them both to the extent the people looked at the whiteness of his-saww armpits. So they did not disperse until this Verse was Revealed Today I Perfected your Religion for you and Completed My Favour upon you, and am Pleased with Al Islam as a Religion for you [5:3]. Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘Allah-azwj is the Greatest, upon having Perfected the Religion and its completion, and the Exalted Lord-azwj is (now) Pleased with My-azwj age and the Wilayah for Ali-asws’’.[43]
ثم قال الطبرسي في (الاحتجاج) عقيب الخطبة: روي عن الصادق (عليه السلام) أنه قال: «لما فرغ رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) من هذه الخطبة روي في الناس رجل جميل بهي طيب الريح، فقال: تالله ما رأيت محمدا كاليوم قط، ما أشد ما يؤكد لابن عمه! و إنه عقد عقدا لا يحله إلا كافر بالله العظيم و برسوله، ويل طويل لمن حل عقده
The Al Tabarsy said in Al Ihtijaj –
‘(As for what happened immediately after the sermon), it is reported from Al-Sadiq-asws having said: ‘When Rasool-Allah-saww was free from this sermon, a man roamed among the people, being of beautiful image, perfumed aroma, and he said, ‘By Allah-azwj! I have not seen Muhammad-saww like today at all! How intense he-as is in emphasising for his-saww cousin, and he-saww has tied such a knot that none would loosen it except for a Kafir with Allah-azwj the Magnificent, and with His-azwj Rasool-saww. A lengthy woe be upon the one who loosens his-saww knot’.
قال: فالتفت إليه عمر حين سمع كلامه فأعجبته هيئته، ثم التفت إلى النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله)، و قال: أما سمعت ما قال هذا الرجل؟! قال كذا و كذا
He-asws said: ‘So Umar turned towards him when he heard his speech and his body astounded him. Then he turned towards the Prophet-saww and said: ‘Did you-saww hear what this man said? He said such and such!’
فقال (صلى الله عليه و آله): يا عمر، أ تدري من ذلك الرجل؟ قال: لا. قال: ذلك الروح الأمين جبرئيل، فإياك أن تحله، فإنك إن فعلت فالله و رسوله و ملائكته و المؤمنون منك براء
He-saww said: ‘O Umar! Do you know who that man is?’ He said, ‘No’. He-saww said: ‘That is the Trustworthy Spirit Jibraeel-as, therefore beware of loosening it, for if you were to do so, then Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww, and His-azwj Angels, and the Momineen would be disavowed from you’’.[44]
و قال مولانا و إمامنا الصادق (عليه السلام): «إن حقوق الناس تعطى بشهادة شاهدين، و ما اعطي أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) حقه بشهادة عشرة آلاف نفس» يعني يوم غدير خم «إن هذا إلا ضلال عن الحق المبين
And our Master and our Imam Al-Sadiq-asws said: ‘The rights of the people are given by the testimony of two witnesses, and Amir Al-Momineen-asws was not given his-asws right (even) after the witnessing of ten thousand people’ – meaning on the Day of Ghadeer Khumm – ‘This is nothing but straying from the clear Truth’.[45]
For the full Hadeeth of Ghadeer Khumm, see the appendix II.
After Saqeefa
و روى الحسين بن حمدان الخصيبي، و الحسن بن أبي الحسن الديلمي (رحمه الله)- و اللفظ للديلمي- عن الصادق (عليه السلام): «أن أبا بكر لقي أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) في سكة [من سكك] بني النجار، فسلم عليه، و صافحه، و قال له: يا أبا الحسن، أفي نفسك شيء من استخلاف الناس إياي، و ما كان من يوم السقيفة، و كراهيتك للبيعة؟ و الله ما كان ذلك من إرادتي، إلا أن المسلمين أجمعوا على أمر لم يكن لي أن أخالفهم فيه، لأن النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله) قال: لا تجتمع أمتي على ضلالة
And it is reported by Al Husayn Bin Hamdan Al Khaseybi, and Al Hassan Bin Abu Al Hassan Al Daylami, and the words of Al Daleymi –
‘From Al-Sadiq-asws: ‘Abu Bakr met Amir Al-Momineen-asws in a market from the markets of the clan of Najaar. So he greeted upon him-asws and shook his-asws hand and said to him-asws, ‘O Abu Al-Hassan-asws! Is there anything within yourself from the people making me a Caliph, and whatever happened from the day of Saqeefa, and your-asws abhorrence for the allegiance? By Allah-azwj! That was not from my intention, except that the Muslims gathered upon a matter, and it cannot happen to be for me that I oppose them regarding it, because the Prophet-saww said: ‘My-saww community would not unite upon a straying’’.
فقال له أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام): يا أبا بكر، أمته الذين أطاعوه من بعده و في عهده، و أخذوا بهداه، و أوفوا بما عاهدوا الله عليه، و لم يبدلوا، و لم يغيروا
Amir Al-Momineen-asws said to him: ‘O Abu Bakr! His-saww community are those who are obeying him-saww from after him-saww and are in his-saww Covenant, and they are taking with his-saww guidance, and are being loyal with what Allah-azwj had Covenanted upon, and they are not replacing and they are not changing’.
قال له أبو بكر: و الله، يا علي، لو شهد عندي الساعة من أثق به أنك أحق بهذا الأمر لسلمته إليك، رضي من رضي، و سخط من سخط
Abu Bakr said to him-asws, ‘By Allah-azwj, O Ali-asws! Only if there was a witness at the moment, one who can be trusted with it, you-asws more rightful with this matter (of the Caliphate), I would submit it to you-asws. He can be pleased, the one who is pleased, and he can be angry, the one who is angered’.
فقال له أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام): يا أبا بكر، فهل تعلم أحدا أوثق من رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)؟ و قد أخذ بيعتي عليك في أربعة مواطن، و على جماعة معك ، فيهم عمر، و عثمان في يوم الدار، و في بيعة الرضوان تحت الشجرة، و يوم جلوسه في بيت ام سلمة، و في يوم الغدير بعد رجوعه من حجة الوداع
Amir Al-Momineen-asws said to him: ‘O Abu Bakr! Do you know anyone more trustworthy than Rasool-Allah-saww? And he-saww had taken my-asws allegiance upon you in four places, and upon a group with you among whom was Umar, and Usman during the day of Al-Daar, and during the Razwaan beneath the tree, and the day of his-saww sitting in the chamber of Umm Salma-ra, and during the day of Ghadeer after his-saww return from the farewell Hajj.
فقلتم بأجمعكم: سمعنا و أطعنا لله و لرسوله. فقال لكم: الله و رسوله عليكم من الشاهدين. فقلتم بأجمعكم: الله و رسوله علينا من الشاهدين
You all said altogether, ‘We heard and we are obedient to Allah-azwj and to His-azwj Rasool-saww. He-saww said to you all: ‘Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww are from the witnesses upon you’. You said in unison, ‘Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww are from the witnesses upon us!’
فقال لكم: فليشهد بعضكم على بعض، و ليبلغ شاهدكم غائبكم، فليسمع منكم من لم يسمع
He-saww said to you all: ‘Then let some of you be witnesses upon others, and let your present ones deliver to your absent ones. So let him hear from you the one who hears’.
فقلتم: نعم يا رسول الله. و قمتم بأجمعكم تهنئون رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) و تهنئوني بكرامة الله لنا. فدنا عمر، و ضرب على كتفي و قال بحضرتكم: بخ بخ يا بن أبي طالب، أصبحت مولاي، و مولى المؤمنين
You said, ‘Yes, O Rasool-Allah-saww!’ And you stood altogether, congratulating Rasool-Allah-saww and congratulating me-saww due to the Prestige of Allah-azwj for us-asws. Then Umar approached and struck upon my-asws shoulder and said in your presence, ‘Congratulations! Congratulations O son-asws of Abu Talib-asws! You-asws have become my Master and the Master of the Momineen’’.
فقال له أبو بكر: لقد ذكرتني أمرا يا أبا الحسن لو يكون رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) شاهدا فاسمعه منه
Abu Bakr said to him-asws, ‘You-asws have reminded me of a matter, O Abu Al-Hassan-asws, if only Rasool-Allah-saww would happen to be a witness, I would listen to it from him-saww’.
فقال أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام): الله و رسوله عليك من الشاهدين- يا أبا بكر- إن رأيت رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) حيا يقول لك إنك ظالم لي، في أخذ حقي الذي جعله الله و رسوله لي، دونك و دون المسلمين، أن تسلم هذا الأمر لي، و تخلع نفسك منه
Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww are upon you from the witnesses, O Abu Bakr. If you were to see Rasool-Allah-saww alive saying to you that you have been unjust to me in taking my-asws right which Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww Made it to be for me-asws, besides you and besides the Muslims, that you should submit this matter to me-asws, and isolate yourself from it’.
فقال أبو بكر: يا أبا الحسن، و هذا يكون أن أرى رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) حيا بعد موته، فيقول لي ذلك؟! فقال له أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام): نعم يا أبا بكر. قال: فأرني إن كان ذلك حقا
Abu Bakr said, ‘O Abu Al-Hassan-asws! And this can happen that I would see Rasool-Allah-saww alive after his-saww death, so he-saww would be saying that to me?’ Amir Al-Momineen-asws said to him: ‘Yes, O Abu Bakr’. He said, ‘Then show me, if that was true’.
فقال له أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام): الله و رسوله عليك من الشاهدين أنك تفي بما قلت؟ قال أبو بكر: نعم. فضرب أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) على يده، و قال: تسعى معي نحو مسجد قبا
Amir Al-Momineen-asws said to him: ‘Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww are upon you from the witnesses that you would fulfil with what you are saying?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘Yes’. Amir Al-Momineen-asws struck upon his hand and said: ‘Come with me-asws near Majid Quba’.
فلما وردا تقدم أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام)، فدخل المسجد [و أبو بكر من ورائه، فإذا هو برسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) جالس في قبلة المسجد] فلما رآه أبو بكر سقط لوجهه كالمغشي عليه
When they arrived, Amir Al-Momineen-asws preceded and entered the Masjid, and Abu Bakr was behind him-asws, and there was Rasool-Allah-saww seated in the heart of the Masjid. When Abu Bakr saw him-saww, his face fell as if there was fainting upon him.
فناداه رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله): ارفع رأسك أيها الضليل المفتون. فرفع أبو بكر رأسه، و قال: لبيك- يا رسول الله- أ حياة بعد الموت؟ فقال: ويلك يا أبا بكر، إن الذي أحياها لمحيي الموتى، إنه على كل شيء قدير
Rasool-Allah-saww called him: ‘Raise you head, O you straying one, the tempted!’ Abu Bakr raised his head and said, ‘Here I am, O Rasool-Allah-saww! Are you-saww alive (even) after your-saww death?’ So he-saww said: ‘Woe be unto you, O Abu Bakr! The One Who Revives the revival of the dead, He-azwj is Able upon all things’.
قال- فسكت أبو بكر، و شخصت عيناه نحو رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، فقال: ويلك- يا أبا بكر- أنسيت ما عاهدت الله و رسوله عليه في المواطن الأربعة لعلي؟ فقال: ما نسيتها يا رسول الله، فقال له: ما بالك اليوم تناشد عليا فيها، و يذكرك، فتقول: نسيت؟
He-asws said: ‘Abu Bakr was silent, and surveyed his eyes around Rasool-Allah-saww. So he-saww said: ‘Woe be unto you, O Abu Bakr! You forgot what Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww had Covenanted upon at four places, regarding Ali-asws?’ He said, ‘I did not forget it, O Rasool-Allah-saww!’ He-saww said to him: ‘What is the matter with you today adjuring Ali-asws with regards to it, and he-asws reminded you, and you were saying you forgot?’
و قص عليه رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) ما جرى بينه و بين علي بن أبي طالب (عليه السلام) إلى آخره، فما نقص منه كلمة و لا زاد فيه كلمة
And Rasool-Allah-saww related upon him what (discussion) had flowed between him and Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws, up to its end, and he-saww neither reduced a word from it nor increased a word in it.
فقال أبو بكر: يا رسول الله، فهل لي من توبة، و هل يعفو الله عني إذا سلمت هذا الأمر إلى أمير المؤمنين؟ قال: نعم- يا أبا بكر- و أنا الضامن لك على الله إن وفيت
Abu Bakr said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! Is there a repentance for me, and would Allah-azwj Pardon me when I submit this matter (Caliphate) to Amir Al-Momineen-asws?’ He-saww said: ‘Yes, O Abu Bakr, and I-saww am the guarantor for you upon Allah-azwj, if you were to fulfil’.
قال: «و غاب رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) عنهما، فتشبث أبو بكر بعلي (عليه السلام)، و قال: الله الله في- يا علي- صر معي إلى منبر رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) حتى أعلو المنبر، و أقص على الناس ما شاهدت و رأيت من أمر رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، و ما قال لي و ما قلت له، و ما أمرني به، و أخلع نفسي من هذا الأمر، و أسلمه إليك
He-asws said: ‘And Rasool-Allah-saww disappeared from them. So Abu Bakr became obstinate with Ali-asws and said, ‘Allah-azwj! Allah-azwj be for me, O Ali-asws. Come with me to the Pulpit of Rasool-Allah-saww until I am at the height of the Pulpit, and I shall relate unto the people what I witnessed and you-asws saw from the matter of Rasool-Allah-saww, and what he-saww said to me and I said to him-saww, and what he-saww ordered me with, and I shall isolate myself from this matter (Caliphate), and submit it to you-asws’.
فقال له أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام): أنا معك إن ترك شيطانك. فقال أبو بكر: إن لم يتركني تركته و عصيته
Amir Al-Momineen-asws said to him: ‘I-asws am with you if you neglect your Satan-la (Umar)’. Abu Bakr said, ‘If he does not leave me, I will leave him and disobey him’.
فقال له أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام): إذن تطيعه و لا تعصيه، و إنما رأيت ما رأيت لتأكيد الحجة عليك
Amir Al-Momineen-asws said to him: ‘Then he would obey you and not disobey you. And rather, you saw what you saw, it was an emphasis of the Proof upon you’.
و أخذ بيده و خرجا من مسجد قبا يريدان مسجد رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله)، و أبو بكر يخفق بعضه بعضا، و يتلون ألوانا، و الناس ينظرون إليه، و لا يدرون ما الذي كان، حتى لقيه عمر بن الخطاب فقال له: يا خليفة رسول الله، ما شأنك، و ما الذي دهاك؟
And he-asws grabbed his hand and they went out from Masjid Quba intending Masjid of Rasool-Allah-saww, and Abu Bakr, part of him was failing the other part, and he was changing colours, and the people were looking on at him and they were not knowing what is that which had happened, until Umar Bin Al-Khattab met him, and said to him, ‘O caliph of Rasool-Allah-saww! What per-occupies you, and what is that which worries you?’
فقال أبو بكر: خل عني- يا عمر- فو الله لا سمعت لك قولا. فقال له عمر: و أين تريد يا خليفة رسول الله؟ فقال له أبو بكر: أريد المسجد و المنبر. فقال: ليس هذا وقت صلاة و منبر. فقال أبو بكر: خل عني، فلا حاجة لي في كلامك
Abu Bakr said, ‘Away from me, O Umar, for, by Allah-azwj, I will not listen to your words’. Umar said to him, ‘And where are you intending to go to, O caliph of Rasool-Allah-saww?’ Abu Bakr said to him, ‘I am intending to go to the Masjid and the Pulpit’. He said, ‘This isn’t the time for Salat and (to be on the) Pulpit’. Abu Bakr said, ‘Away from me, for there is no need for me regarding your speech’.
فقال عمر: يا خليفة رسول الله، أ فلا تدخل منزلك قبل المسجد، فتسبغ الوضوء؟ قال: بلى. ثم التفت أبو بكر إلى علي (عليه السلام) و قال له: يا أبا الحسن، تجلس إلى جانب المنبر حتى أخرج إليك. فتبسم أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) ثم قال: يا أبا بكر، قد قلت إن شيطانك لا يدعك، أو يرديك
Umar said, ‘O caliph of Rasool-Allah-saww! Will you not enter your house before the Masjid so you can perform the Wudu?’ He said, ‘Yes’. Then Abu Bakr turned towards Ali-asws and said to him-asws, ‘O Abu Al-Hassan-asws! Be seated to the side of the Pulpit until I come out to you’. So Amir Al-Momineen-asws smiled, then said: ‘O Abu Bakr! You had said that your Satan-la will not leave you, or return you’.
و مضى أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) فجلس بجانب المنبر، و دخل أبو بكر منزله، و عمر معه، فقال له: يا خليفة رسول الله، لم لا تنبئني أمرك، و تحدثني بما دهاك به علي بن أبي طالب؟
And Amir Al-Momineen-asws went and sat by the side of the Pulpit, and Abu Bakr entered his house and Umar was with him, and said to him, ‘O caliph of Rasool-Allah-saww! Will you not inform me of your matter and narrate to me with what Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws cautioned you with?’
فقال أبو بكر: ويحك يا عمر، يرجع رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) بعد موته حيا و يخاطبني في ظلمي لعلي، و رد حقه عليه، و خلع نفسي من هذا الأمر، فقال له عمر: قص علي قصتك من أولها إلى آخرها
Abu Bakr said, ‘Woe be unto you, O Umar! Rasool-Allah-saww returned alive after his-saww death and addressed me regarding my injustice to Ali-asws, and returning his-asws right back to him-asws, and isolating myself from this matter (Caliphate)’. Umar said to him, ‘Relate your story from its beginning to its end’.
فقال له أبو بكر: ويحك يا عمر، و الله لقد قال لي علي أنك لا تدعني أخرج من هذه المظلمة، و أنك شيطاني، فدعني منك. فلم يزل يرقبه إلى أن حدثه بحديثه من أوله إلى آخره
Abu Bakr said to him, ‘Woe be unto you, O Umar! By Allah-azwj! Ali-asws had said to me that you will not leave me to exit from this darkness, and you are my Satan, so let me go from you’. But he did not cease to insist until he narrated to him with his narration from its beginning to its end.
فقال له: بالله- يا أبا بكر- أنسيت شعرك في أول شهر رمضان، الذي فرض الله علينا صيامه، حيث جاءك حذيفة بن اليمان، و سهل بن حنيف، و نعمان الأزدي، و خزيمة بن ثابت، في يوم جمعة إلى دارك ليتقاضوك دينا عليك، فلما انتهوا إلى باب الدار سمعوا لك صلصلة في الدار
He (Umar) said to him, ‘By Allah-azwj, O Abu Bakr! Have you forgotten your poem during the beginning of the Month of Ramazan, which Allah-azwj has Obligated its Fasts upon us, when there came to you Huzeyfa Bin Al-Yaman, and Sahl Bin Huneyf, and No’man Bin Al-Azdy, and Khuzeyma Bin Sabit, during the day of Friday, to your door in order to demand their debt which was upon you. So when they ended up to your door and made you hear the knocking in the house.
فوقفوا بالباب، و لم يستأذنوا عليك، فسمعوا أم بكر- زوجك- تناشدك، و تقول لك: قد عمل حر الشمس بين كتفيك، قم إلى داخل البيت، و ابتعد عن الباب، لئلا يسمعك أحد من أصحاب محمد فيهدروا دمك، فقد علمت أن محمدا قد أهدر دم من أفطر يوما من شهر رمضان، من غير سفر، و لا مرض، خلافا على الله و على رسوله محمد
They paused at the door and did not seek permission upon you, and they heard Umm Bakr, your wife, adjuring you and saying to you, ‘You have worked in the heat of the sun between your shoulders. Arise to enter the room, and distance yourself from the door, perhaps someone from the companions of Muhammad-saww would hear you, and they would spill your blood, for you have known that Muhammad-saww had spilt the blood of the one who broke his Fast on a day from a Month of Ramazan, from without being on a journey, nor an illness, in opposition to Allah-azwj and to His-azwj Rasool-saww’.
فقلت لها: هات- لا ام لك- فضل طعامي من الليل، و أترعي الكأس من الخمر. و حذيفة و من معه بالباب، يسمعون محاورتكما ، فجاءت بصحفة فيها طعام من الليل، و قعب مملوء خمرا فأكلت من الصحفة، و شربت من الخمر، في ضحى النهار، و قلت لزوجتك هذه الأبيات
So, you said to her, ‘Give, what I don’t have, left-overs of my food from the night, and fill to the brim for me a cup of wine’. And Huzeyfa and the ones with him were at the door, listening to both your dialogues. So she came with a tray wherein was food from the night and a cup filled with wine, and you ate from the tray and drank from the wine, during the brightness of the day, and you said these verses: -
فلما سمعك حذيفة و من معه تهجو محمدا هجمواعليك في دارك، فوجدوك و قعب الخمر في يدك، و أنت تكرعها، فقالوا: ما لك يا عدو الله خالفت الله و رسوله. و حملوك كهيئتك إلى مجمع الناس، بباب رسول الله، و قصوا عليه قصتك، و أعادوا شعرك
When Huzeyfa and the ones with him heard you satirising Muhammad-saww, they plunged upon you in your house, and they found you and the cup of wine was in your hand, and you were sipping it, and they said, ‘What is the matter with you opposing Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww?’ And they carried you to the gathering of the people at the door of Rasool-Allah-saww and related to him-saww your story, and repeated your poem.
فدنوت منك، و ساورتك، و قلت لك في الضجيج: قل إني شربت الخمر ليلا، فثملت، فزال عقلي، فأتيت ما أتيته نهارا، و لا أعلم بذلك، فعسى أن يدرأ عنك الحد، و خرج محمد فنظر إليك فقال: استيقظوه. فقلت: رأيناه و هو ثمل يا رسول الله، لا يعقل
They approached you and consulted you, and said to you among the clamour, ‘Say, ‘I drank the wine at night, and took to the drink, and my intellect declined, so I came to what I came to during the day, and I have no recollection of that, ‘So perhaps the legal punishment would be staved from you. And Muhammad-saww came out and looked at you, and he-saww said: ‘Wake him up!’ I said, ‘We saw him and he was sipping, O Rasool-Allah-saww, not minding’.
فقال: ويحكم الخمر يزيل العقل، تعلمون هذا من أنفسكم، و أنتم تشربونها؟ فقلنا: [نعم]- يا رسول الله- و قد قال فيها امرؤ القيس شعرا: شربت الإثم حتى زال عقلي كذاك الخمر يفعل بالعقول
He-saww said: ‘Woe be unto you! The wine declines the intellect. You know this from yourselves, and you are (still) drinking it?’ So we said, ‘O Rasool-Allah-saww! And Amro Al-Qays has said a poem with regards to it, ‘I drank the wine until my intellect declines, like that the wine deals with the intellects’’.
ثم قال محمد: انظروه إلى إفاقته من سكرته. فأمهلوك حتى أريتهم أنك قد صحوت، فسألك محمد فأخبرته بما أوعزته إليك من شربك لها بالليل، فما بالك اليوم تصدق بمحمد و بما جاء به و هو عندنا ساحر كذاب؟
Then Muhammad-saww said: ‘Look at his recovery from the intoxication’. So they carried you until they saw that you had sobered. Then Muhammad-saww asked you and you informed him with what had been instructed to you from your drinking it at night. So (now) what is the matter with you today ratifying Muhammad-saww and what he-saww came with, and he-saww, in our presence, is a lying sorcerer!’
فقال: ويحك يا أبا حفص، لا شك عندي فيما قصصته علي، فاخرج إلى علي بن أبي طالب، فاصرفه عن المنبر
He (Abu Bakr) said, ‘Woe be unto you, O Abu Hafs! There is no doubt with me in what you related unto me, so go out to Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws and disperse him-asws from the Pulpit’.
قال: «فخرج عمر و علي (عليه السلام) جالس بجانب المنبر، فقال: ما بالك- يا علي- قد تصديت لها، دون- و الله- ما تروم من علو هذا المنبر خرط القتاد
He-asws said: ‘So Umar came out, and Ali-asws was seated by the side of the Pulpit. He said, ‘What is the matter with you-asws, O Ali-asws? It has been blocked to you-asws, facing, by Allah-azwj, what you-asws are thinking of from the height of this Pulpit, drawing near the thorns’.
فتبسم أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) حتى بدت نواجذه ثم قال: ويلك منها- يا عمر- إذا أفضت إليك، و الويل للامة من بلائك
Amir Al-Momineen-asws smiled until his-asws teeth were manifested. Then he-asws said: ‘O Umar! When they are led to you, woe be unto the community from your plague’.
فقال عمر: هذه بشراي يا بن أبي طالب، صدقت ظني، و حق قولك. و انصرف أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) إلى منزله
Umar said, ‘This is due to my evil, O son-asws of Abu Talib-asws. You-asws have ratified my suspicions, and truthful are your-asws words’. And Amir Al-Momineen-asws left to go to his-asws house’’.[46]
VERSE 4
يَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا أُحِلَّ لَهُمْ ۖ قُلْ أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ ۙ وَمَا عَلَّمْتُمْ مِنَ الْجَوَارِحِ مُكَلِّبِينَ تُعَلِّمُونَهُنَّ مِمَّا عَلَّمَكُمُ اللَّهُ ۖ فَكُلُوا مِمَّا أَمْسَكْنَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَاذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ ۖ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ {4}
They are asking you as to what is that (which is) Permissible for them. Say: ‘Permissible for you are the good things, and what you have trained the preying ones to hunt, teaching them from what Allah Taught you; so eat from what they catch for you, and mention the Name of Allah upon it; and fear Allah; surely Allah is swift of Reckoning’ [5:4]
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ هَارُونُ بْنُ مُوسَى التَّلَّعُكْبَرِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْكُلَيْنِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ ما عَلَّمْتُمْ مِنَ الْجَوارِحِ مُكَلِّبِينَ قَالَ هِيَ الْكِلَابُ
Abu Muhammad Haroun Bin Musa Al Talakbary narrated to us, from Abu Ja’far Muhammad Bin Yaqoub Al Kulayni, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, form his father, and Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, altogether, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hammad Bin Usman, from Al Halby,
Abu Abdullah-asws has said: ‘In the Book of Ali-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic and what you have trained the preying ones to hunt [5:4]. He-asws said: ‘These are the (hunting) dogs’.[47]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُرْسِلُ الْكَلْبَ عَلَى الصَّيْدِ فَيَأْخُذُهُ وَ لَا يَكُونُ مَعَهُ سِكِّينٌ يُذَكِّيهِ بِهَا أَ يَدَعُهُ حَتَّى يَقْتُلَهُ وَ يَأْكُلَ مِنْهُ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ قَالَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَكُلُوا مِمَّا أَمْسَكْنَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَ لَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُؤْكَلَ مِمَّا قَتَلَ الْفَهْدُ
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, and Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, and Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, altogether from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr, from Jameel Bin Darraj who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the man who sent his dog upon the prey, so it seized it, and there did not happen to be a knife with him to slaughter it with. Can he leave it until it (the dog) kills it and (then) he eats from it?’ He-asws said: ‘There is no problem. Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Says so eat from what they catch for you [5:4], and it is not befitting if you eat from what the leopard kills’.[48]
عن أبي بصير، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قول الله: وَ ما عَلَّمْتُمْ مِنَ الْجَوارِحِ مُكَلِّبِينَ تُعَلِّمُونَهُنَّ مِمَّا عَلَّمَكُمُ اللَّهُ فَكُلُوا مِمَّا أَمْسَكْنَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَ اذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ. قال: «لا بأس بأكل ما أمسك الكلب، مما لم يأكل الكلب منه، فإذا أكل الكلب منه قبل أن تدركه فلا تأكله
From Abu Baseer,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of Allah-azwj and what you have trained the preying ones to hunt, teaching them from what Allah Taught you; so eat from what they catch for you, and mention the Name of Allah upon it [5:4]. He-asws said: ‘There is no problem in eating what the (hunting dog) has caught, from what the dog did not eat from. So if the dog has eaten from it, and you are aware of it, so do not eat it’.[49]
[ الفضل الطبرسي ] عن أبي حمزة الثمالي: ان زيد الخيل وعدي بن حاتم الطائيين أتيا رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله) فقالا: ان فينا رجلين لهما ستة أكلب تأخذ بقر الوحش والظباء فمنها ما يدرك ذكاته ومنها ما يموت وقد حرم الله الميتة فماذا يحل لنا من هذا فأنزل الله * (فكلوا مما أمسكن عليكم) *، وسماه رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله) زيد الخير
Al Fazal Al Tabarsy, from Abu Hamza Al Sumaly –
‘Zayd Bin Al-Khayl and Wa’dy Bin Hatim Al-Taiyeen came to Rasool-Allah-saww and both said, ‘Among us there are two men for whom there are six dogs. They seize the cows, and the wild beasts, and the antelopes. So, from these are those who have not been slaughtered, and from these are what have died, and Allah-azwj has Forbidden the dead. So what is Permissible for us from this?’ So Allah-azwj Revealed so eat from what they catch for you [5:4] [5:4]. And Rasool-Allah-saww named him as Zayd Al-Khayr (the good)’.[50]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ صَيْدِ الْبُزَاةِ وَ الصُّقُورِ وَ الْكَلْبِ وَ الْفَهْدِ فَقَالَ لَا تَأْكُلْ صَيْدَ شَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ إِلَّا مَا ذَكَّيْتُمُوهُ إِلَّا الْكَلْبَ الْمُكَلَّبَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ قَتَلَهُ قَالَ كُلْ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ وَ ما عَلَّمْتُمْ مِنَ الْجَوارِحِ مُكَلِّبِينَ… فَكُلُوا مِمَّا أَمْسَكْنَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَ اذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Sayf Bin Umeyra, from Abu Bakr Al Hazramy who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the prey of the buzzards and the falcons, and the dogs, and the leopards. So he-asws said: ‘Do not eat the prey of anything from these except what you purify (slaughter), except for the hunting dog’. I said, ‘Suppose it kills it?’ He-asws said: ‘Eat, because Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying and what you have trained the preying ones to hunt . . . and mention the Name of Allah upon it [5:4]’.[51]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي صَيْدِ الْكَلْبِ إِنْ أَرْسَلَهُ الرَّجُلُ وَ سَمَّى فَلْيَأْكُلْ مِمَّا أَمْسَكَ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ قَتَلَ وَ إِنْ أَكَلَ فَكُلْ مَا بَقِيَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَ مُعَلَّمٍ يُعَلِّمُهُ فِي سَاعَتِهِ ثُمَّ يُرْسِلُهُ فَيَأْكُلُ مِنْهُ فَإِنَّهُ مُعَلَّمٌ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, and Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Musa Bin Bakr, from Zurara,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said regarding a prey of the dog, if the man sends it and Names (Bismillah), so let him eat from what it remains upon it, even if it has killed, and even if it has eaten (from it). So eat from what remains, even it was not trained (earlier on), but he trained it in that very moment, then sends it, so he eats from it, for it is trained.
فَأَمَّا خِلَافُ الْكَلْبِ مِمَّا يَصِيدُ الْفَهْدُ وَ الصَّقْرُ وَ أَشْبَاهُ ذَلِكَ فَلَا تَأْكُلْ مِنْ صَيْدِهِ إِلَّا مَا أَدْرَكْتَ ذَكَاتَهُ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ مُكَلِّبِينَ فَمَا كَانَ خِلَافَ الْكَلْبِ فَلَيْسَ صَيْدُهُ مِمَّا يُؤْكَلُ إِلَّا أَنْ تُدْرِكَ ذَكَاتَهُ
So, as for (a hunting animal) different to the dog, from what is hunted by the leopard, and the falcon, and similar ones to that, so do not eat from its prey, except what you come to and purify (slaughter) it, because Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying ‘preying ones [5:4]. So whatever was different to the dog, so its prey is not from what can be eaten, except if you come to it, (and you) purify (slaughter) it’.[52]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) مِنْ كَلْبٍ أَفْلَتَ وَ لَمْ يُرْسِلْهُ صَاحِبُهُ فَصَادَ فَأَدْرَكَهُ صَاحِبُهُ وَ قَدْ قَتَلَهُ أَ يَأْكُلُ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ لَا
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from AL Husayn Bin Saeed, from Al Nazar Bin Suweyd, from Al Qasim Bin Suleyman who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about a dog which fled, and was not sent by its owner, so it hunted. Then its owner came over, and it had killed it. Can he eat from it?’ So he-asws said: ‘No’.
وَ قَالَ ( عليه السلام ) إِذَا صَادَ وَ قَدْ سَمَّى فَلْيَأْكُلْ وَ إِنْ صَادَ وَ لَمْ يُسَمِّ فَلَا يَأْكُلْ وَ هَذَا مِنْ ما عَلَّمْتُمْ مِنَ الْجَوارِحِ مُكَلِّبِينَ
And he-asws said: ‘When it hunts, and it has been Named (Bismillah), so let him eat, and if it hunts and has not been Named (Bismillah), so no; and this is from what and what you have trained the preying ones to hunt [5:4]’.[53]
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ جَمِيعاً عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) كَانَ أَبِي ( عليه السلام ) يُفْتِي وَ كَانَ يَتَّقِي وَ نَحْنُ نَخَافُ فِي صَيْدِ الْبُزَاةِ وَ الصُّقُورِ وَ أَمَّا الْآنَ فَإِنَّا لَا نَخَافُ وَ لَا نُحِلُّ صَيْدَهَا إِلَّا أَنْ تُدْرَكَ ذَكَاتُهُ فَإِنَّهُ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ ( عليه السلام ) أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ وَ ما عَلَّمْتُمْ مِنَ الْجَوارِحِ مُكَلِّبِينَ فِي الْكِلَابِ
Abu Ali Al Ashary, form Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, and Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazaan, altogether from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Ibn Muskan, from Al Halby who said,
‘Abu Abdullah-asws said: ‘My-asws father issued a Verdict and he-asws was fearing (the clan of Umayya), and we-asws (also) fear (the clan of Umayya), regarding the prey of the falcons and the hawks; and as for now, so we-asws are not fearing (the clan Umayya), and we-asws are not Permitting its prey, except if you were to come to it and purify (slaughter) it, for it is in the Book of Ali-asws that Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying and what you have trained the preying ones to hunt [5:4], is regarding the dogs’.[54]
For detailed Ahadeeth on the rules of hunting refer to Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Hunting –
https://hubeali.com/books/English-Books/AlKafiVol6/Al%20Kafi%20V%206%20-%20The%20Book%20Hunting.pdf
VERSE 5
الْيَوْمَ أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ ۖ وَطَعَامُ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حِلٌّ لَكُمْ وَطَعَامُكُمْ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ ۖ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ إِذَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ مُحْصِنِينَ غَيْرَ مُسَافِحِينَ وَلَا مُتَّخِذِي أَخْدَانٍ ۗ وَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِالْإِيمَانِ فَقَدْ حَبِطَ عَمَلُهُ وَهُوَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ {5}
Today the good things are Permissible for you, and the food of those Given the Book is Permissible for you, and your food is Permissible for them; and the chaste ones from the believing women and the chaste ones from those Given the Book from before you, when you are giving them their recompense, marrying them, not fornicating, nor taking as concubines; and the one who commits Kufr with the Eman his work would be confiscated, and in the Hereafter he would be of the losers [5:5]
محمد بن يعقوب: عن محمد بن يحيى، عن أحمد بن محمد، عن محمد بن سنان، عن أبي الجارود، قال سألت أبا جعفر (عليه السلام) عن قول الله عز و جل: وَ طَعامُ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتابَ حِلٌّ لَكُمْ وَ طَعامُكُمْ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ، فقال (عليه السلام): «الحبوب و البقول
Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Sinan, from Abu Al Jaroud who said,
‘I asked Abu Ja’far-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic and the food of those Given the Book is Permissible for you, and your food is Permissible for them [5:5], so the Imam-asws said: ‘The grains and the vegetables’.[55]
الشيخ: بإسناده عن الحسين بن سعيد، عن محمد بن خالد، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن هشام بن سالم، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، في قول الله تعالى: وَ طَعامُ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتابَ حِلٌّ لَكُمْ، فقال: «العدس و الحمص و غير ذلك
Al Sheykh (Al Sadouq), by his chain from Al Husayn Bin Saeed,rom Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham Bin Saalim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws regarding the Words of the High and the food of those Given the Book is Permissible for you, and your food is Permissible for them [5:5], so he-asws said: ‘The lentils and chickpeas, and other (like) that’.[56]
محمد بن يعقوب: عن علي بن إبراهيم، عن أبيه، عن ابن محبوب، عن علي بن رئاب، عن زرارة ابن أعين، قال سألت أبا جعفر (عليه السلام) عن قول الله عز و جل: وَ الْمُحْصَناتُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ، فقال: «هذه منسوخة بقوله: وَ لا تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوافِرِ
Muhammad Bin Yaqoub, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Mahboub, from Ali Bin Ra’ib, from Zarara Ibn Ayn who said,
‘I asked Abu Ja’far-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic and the chaste ones from those Given the Book from before you [5:5]. So he-asws said: ‘This (Verse) has been Abrogated by His-azwj Words And do not hold on to the marriages of the Kafirs [60:10]’.[57]
و عنه: عن محمد بن يحيى، عن أحمد بن محمد، عن ابن فضال، عن الحسن بن الجهم، قال: قال لي أبو الحسن الرضا (عليه السلام): «يا أبا محمد، ما تقول في رجل تزوج نصرانية على مسلمة؟» قلت: جعلت فداك، و ما قولي بين يديك؟ قال: «لتقولن، فإن ذلك تعلم به قولي
And from him (Yaqoub Al Kulayni), from Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazaal, from Al Hassan Bin Al Jahm who said,
‘Al-Reza-asws said to me: ‘O Abu Muhammad! What are you saying regarding a man who marries a Christian woman on top of a Muslim woman (as a second wife)?’ I said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you-asws! And what are my words in front of you-asws?’ He-asws said: ‘You speak, for by that you would learn my-asws words’.
قلت: لا يجوز تزويج النصرانية على مسلمة، و لا غير مسلمة. قال: «و لم؟» قلت: لقول الله عز و جل: وَ لا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكاتِ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَّ قال: «فما تقول في هذه الآية: وَ الْمُحْصَناتُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ؟ قلت: فقوله: وَ لا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكاتِ نسخت هذه الآية. فتبسم، ثم سكت
I said, ‘It is neither allowed to marry a Christian woman on top of a Muslim woman, nor a non-Muslim woman’. He-asws said: ‘And why not?’ I said, ‘Due to the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic And do not marry the Mushrik women until they believe [2:221]’. He-asws said: ‘So what are you saying regarding this Verse and the chaste ones from those Given the Book from before you [5:5]?’ I said, ‘Therefore [2:221] And do not marry the idolatresses Abrogates this Verse’. He-asws smiled, then was silent’.[58]
حدثنا عبد الله بن عامر عن ابى عبد الله البرقى عن الحسين بن عثمان عن محمد بن الفضيل عن ابى حمزة قال سئلت ابا جعفر عليه السلام عن قول الله تبارك وتعالى ومن يكفر بالايمان فقد حبط عمله وهو في الاخرة من الخاسرين قال تفسيرها في بطن القرآن يعنى من يكفر بولاية على وعلى هو الايمان
Narrated to us Abdullah Bin Aamir, from Abu Abdullah Al-Barqy, from Al-Husayn Bin Usman, from Muhammad Bin Al-Fazeyl, from Abu Hamza who said:
‘I asked Abu Ja’far-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Blessed and High, and the one who commits Kufr with the Eman his work would be confiscated, and in the Hereafter he would be of the losers [5:5], said: ‘In it esoteric interpretation of the Quran it means one who denies the Wilayah of Ali-asws, and Ali-asws is the Eman.’[59]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ مَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِالْإِيمانِ فَقَدْ حَبِطَ عَمَلُهُ قَالَ تَرْكُ الْعَمَلِ الَّذِي أَقَرَّ بِهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَتْرُكَ الصَّلَاةَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُقْمٍ وَ لَا شُغُلٍ
Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moalla Bin Muhammad, from Al Hassan Bin Ali, from Hammad Bin Usman, from Ubeyd, from Zurara who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic and the one who commits Kufr with the Eman his work would be confiscated [5:5]. He-asws said: ‘Neglecting the deed which he had acknowledged with it. From that is if he were to neglect the Salāt from without an illness or a pre-occupation’.[60]
عن أبان بن عبد الرحمن، قال: سمعت أبا عبد الله (عليه السلام) يقول: «أدنى ما يخرج به الرجل من الإسلام أن يرى الرأي بخلاف الحق فيقيم عليه». قال: وَ مَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِالْإِيمانِ فَقَدْ حَبِطَ عَمَلُهُ. و قال: «الذي يكفر بالإيمان: الذي لا يعمل بما أمر الله به، و لا يرضى به
From Aban Bin Abdul Rahman who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying: ‘The lowest of what makes the man to exit from Al-Islam is that he opines the opinion opposite to the Truth, and stands up to it’. He-asws said: ‘and the one who commits Kufr with the Eman his work would be confiscated [5:5]. And said: ‘and the one who commits Kufr with the Eman – is the one who does not do what Allah-azwj has Commanded for, nor is he happy with it’.[61]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ مَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِالْإِيمانِ فَقَدْ حَبِطَ عَمَلُهُ فَقَالَ مَنْ تَرَكَ الْعَمَلَ الَّذِي أَقَرَّ بِهِ قُلْتُ فَمَا مَوْضِعُ تَرْكِ الْعَمَلِ حَتَّى يَدَعَهُ أَجْمَعَ قَالَ مِنْهُ الَّذِي يَدَعُ الصَّلَاةَ مُتَعَمِّداً لَا مِنْ سُكْرٍ وَ لَا مِنْ عِلَّةٍ
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Fazzal, from Ibn Bukeyr, from Ubeyd Bin Zurara who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic and the one who commits Kufr with the Eman his work would be confiscated [5:5]. So he-asws said: ‘The one who neglects the deed which he had acknowledge with’. I said, ‘So what is the subject of the neglected deed to the extent that he (is deemed) to have left the entirety of it?’ He-asws From it is the one who leaves the Salāt deliberately, neither from intoxication (of sleep) nor from an illness’.[62]
عن أبي جميلة، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام) في: وَ الْمُحْصَناتُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ، قال: «هن العفائف
From Abu Jameela,
From Abu Abdullah-asws regarding: and the chaste ones from those Given the Book from before you [5:5], he-asws said: ‘These are the virtuous ones’’.[63]
VERSE 6
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى الْمَرَافِقِ وَامْسَحُوا بِرُءُوسِكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ ۚ وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ جُنُبًا فَاطَّهَّرُوا ۚ وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ مَرْضَىٰ أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَاءَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ مِنَ الْغَائِطِ أَوْ لَامَسْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَامْسَحُوا بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُمْ مِنْهُ ۚ مَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيَجْعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ حَرَجٍ وَلَٰكِنْ يُرِيدُ لِيُطَهِّرَكُمْ وَلِيُتِمَّ نِعْمَتَهُ عَلَيْكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ {6}
O you who believe! When you stand to the Salat, so wash your faces and your hands to the elbows, and wipe your heads and your leg to the ankles; and if you are with sexual impurity then clean yourselves; and if you were sick or upon a journey, or one of you has come from the toilet, or you have touched the women, and you cannot find water, so perform Tayammum with pure soil and wipe your faces and your hands from it. Allah does not Want to Make a difficulty upon you, but He Wants to Clean you and to Complete His Favour upon you, perhaps you would be grateful [5:6]
الشيخ: عن المفيد محمد بن محمد بن النعمان، عن أحمد بن محمد بن الحسن- يعني ابن الوليد- عن أبيه، عن محمد بن الحسن الصفار، عن أحمد بن محمد بن عيسى، و عن الحسين بن الحسن بن أبان، عن الحسين بن سعيد، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن ابن أذينة، عن ابن بكير، قال: قلت لأبي عبد الله (عليه السلام): قوله: إِذا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلاةِ ما يعني بذلك- إذا قمتم إلى الصلاة؟- قال: «إذا قمتم من النوم». قلت: ينقض النوم الوضوء؟ فقال: «نعم، إذا كان يغلب على السمع، و لا يسمع الصوت»
Al Sheukh (Al Sadouq) from Al Mufeed Muhammad Bin Muhammad Bin Al No’man, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Al Hassan – meaning Ibn Al Waleed, from his father, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Al Saffar, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, and from Al Husayn Bin Al Hassan Bin Abaan, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Ibn Azina, from Ibn Bakeyr who said,
‘I said to Abu Abdullah-asws, ‘(What about) His-azwj Words When you stand to the Salat [5:6] – what is Meant by that – when you stand to the Salat?’ He-asws said: ‘When you rise up from the sleep’. I said, ‘The sleep invalidates the ablution?’ He-asws said: ‘Yes, when the hearing is overcome, and he does not hear the sound’.[64]
و عنه: عن علي بن إبراهيم، عن أبيه، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن أبي أيوب، عن محمد بن مسلم، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: «الأذنان ليسا من الوجه، و لا من الرأس
And from him, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Abu Ayoub, from Muhammad Bin Muslim,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘The two ears are not from (Part of) the face, nor from (part of) the head’.
قال: و ذكر المسح، فقال: «امسح على مقدم رأسك، و امسح على القدمين و ابدأ بالشق الأيمن
He (the narrator) said, ‘And I mentioned the wiping, so he-asws said: ‘Wipe on the top of your head, and wipe upon the two feet, and begin with the right’.[65]
و عنه: عن علي بن إبراهيم، عن أبيه، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن حماد بن عثمان، عن الحلبي، عن أبي عبد الله (عليه السلام)، قال: سألته عن قول الله عز و جل: أَوْ لامَسْتُمُ النِّساءَ، قال: «هو الجماع، و لكن الله ستير يحب الستر، فلم يسم كما تسمون
And from him (Yaqoub Al Kulayni), from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hamaad Bin Usman, from Al Halby,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws, said, ‘I asked him-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic or you have touched the women [5:6], he-asws said: ‘It is the copulation, but Allah-azwj is the Concealer. He-azwj Loves the secrecy, so He-azwj did not Name it like what you are naming it as’.[66]
العياشي: عن أبي بكر بن حزم، قال: توضأ رجل، فمسح على خفيه، فدخل المسجد فصلى، فجاء علي (عليه السلام) فوطئ على رقبته فقال: «ويلك، تصلي على غير وضوء؟!» فقال: أمرني عمر بن الخطاب
Al Ayyashi, from Abu Bakr Bin Hazam who said,
‘A man performed Wudu, so he wiped upon his socks, and he entered the Masjid and Prayed Salat. Imam Ali-asws came up and held him by the neck and said: ‘Woe be unto you! You are Praying without Wudu?’ He said, ‘Umar Bin Al-Khattab ordered me such’.
قال: فأخذ بيده، فانتهى به إليه، فقال: «انظر ما يروي هذا عليك» و رفع صوته، فقال: نعم أنا أمرته، إن رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) مسح. قال: «قبل المائدة، أو بعدها؟» قال: لا أدري. قال: «فلم تفتي و أنت لا تدري؟ سبق الكتاب الخفين»
He (the narrator said), ‘He-asws grabbed him by his hand and ended him up to him and said: ‘Look at what he is reporting against you’ – in a raised voice. He (Umar) said, ‘Yes, I did order him such. Rasool-Allah-saww wiped (the socks)’. He-asws said: ‘Was that before (Revelation of Surah) Al-Ma’ida or after it?’ He said, ‘I do not know’. He-asws said: ‘Why did you issue a verdict (Fatwa) and you don’t know? (Wiping upon) the two socks was before the (Revelation) of the Book (Surah Al Ma’ida)’.[67]
عن زرارة، قال: سألت أبا جعفر (عليه السلام) عن التيمم، فقال: «إن عمار بن ياسر أتى النبي (صلى الله عليه و آله) فقال: أجنبت و ليس معي ماء. فقال: كيف صنعت يا عمار؟ قال: نزعت ثيابي، ثم تمعكت على الصعيد. فقال: هكذا يصنع الحمار، إنما قال الله: فَامْسَحُوا بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَ أَيْدِيكُمْ مِنْهُ. ثم وضع يديه جميعا على الصعيد، ثم مسحهما، ثم مسح من بين عينيه إلى أسفل حاجبيه، ثم دلك إحدى يديه بالأخرى على ظهر الكف، بدءا باليمين
From Zarara who said,
‘I asked Abu Ja’far-asws about the ‘Tayammum’, so he-asws said: ‘Amaar Bin Yaasir came to the Prophet-saww and said, ‘I am with sexual impurity and there is no water with me’. He-saww said: ‘What did you do, O Amaar?’ He said, ‘I removed my clothes and rolled upon the ground’. He-saww said: ‘This is what the donkeys do. But rather, Allah-azwj Says and wipe your faces and your hands from it [5:6]’. Then, place the whole of your hand upon the dust, then wipe it, then wipe what is in between your eyes up to the bottom of your eyebrows, then wipe one of your hands upon the other to the back of the palm, beginning with the right’.[68]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَ بُكَيْرٍ أَنَّهُمَا سَأَلَا أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ وُضُوءِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَدَعَا بِطَسْتٍ أَوْ تَوْرٍ فِيهِ مَاءٌ فَغَمَسَ يَدَهُ الْيُمْنَى فَغَرَفَ بِهَا غُرْفَةً فَصَبَّهَا عَلَى وَجْهِهِ فَغَسَلَ بِهَا وَجْهَهُ ثُمَّ غَمَسَ كَفَّهُ الْيُسْرَى فَغَرَفَ بِهَا غُرْفَةً فَأَفْرَغَ عَلَى ذِرَاعِهِ الْيُمْنَى فَغَسَلَ بِهَا ذِرَاعَهُ مِنَ الْمِرْفَقِ إِلَى الْكَفِّ لَا يَرُدُّهَا إِلَى الْمِرْفَقِ ثُمَّ غَمَسَ كَفَّهُ الْيُمْنَى فَأَفْرَغَ بِهَا عَلَى ذِرَاعِهِ الْيُسْرَى مِنَ الْمِرْفَقِ وَ صَنَعَ بِهَا مِثْلَ مَا صَنَعَ بِالْيُمْنَى ثُمَّ مَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ وَ قَدَمَيْهِ بِبَلَلِ كَفِّهِ لَمْ يُحْدِثْ لَهُمَا مَاءً جَدِيداً
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Umar Bin Azina, from Zurara and Bukeyr,
(It has been narrated) both having asked Abu Ja’far-asws about the Wudu of Rasool-Allah-saww. He-asws called for a tray, or bucket wherein was water. He-asws immersed his-asws right hand in it and scooped with it a scoop (of water) and poured it upon his-asws face, and he-asws washed his-asws face with it. Then he-asws immersed his-asws left palm and scooped with it a scoop (of water) and emptied it upon the right arm, washing his-asws arm from the elbow up to the wrist, nor returning it back to the elbow (one-way motion). Then he-asws immersed his-asws right hand and emptied with it upon his-asws left arm from the elbow, and did with it similar to what he-asws did with the right hand. Then he-asws wiped his-asws heard and his-asws feet with the remnant of (the water in) his-asws palm, nor renewing for these both, the new water’.
ثُمَّ قَالَ وَ لَا يُدْخِلُ أَصَابِعَهُ تَحْتَ الشِّرَاكِ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلاةِ فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَ أَيْدِيَكُمْ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَدَعَ شَيْئاً مِنْ وَجْهِهِ إِلَّا غَسَلَهُ وَ أَمَرَ بِغَسْلِ الْيَدَيْنِ إِلَى الْمِرْفَقَيْنِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَدَعَ شَيْئاً مِنْ يَدَيْهِ إِلَى الْمِرْفَقَيْنِ إِلَّا غَسَلَهُ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَ أَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى الْمَرافِقِ
Then he (the narrator) said: ‘And he-asws did not enter his-asws fingers underneath the slipper-straps. Then he-asws said: ‘Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying O you who believe! When you stand to the Salat, so wash your faces and your hands [5:6], therefore it is not for him that he should leave anything from his face except that he washes it, and Commanded with the washing of the hands up to the elbow, therefore it is not for him that he leaves anything from his hands up to the two elbows except that he washes it because Allah-azwj is Saying so wash your faces and your hands to the elbows [5:6].
ثُمَّ قَالَ وَ امْسَحُوا بِرُؤُسِكُمْ وَ أَرْجُلَكُمْ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ فَإِذَا مَسَحَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ رَأْسِهِ أَوْ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ قَدَمَيْهِ مَا بَيْنَ الْكَعْبَيْنِ إِلَى أَطْرَافِ الْأَصَابِعِ فَقَدْ أَجْزَأَهُ
Then He-azwj Said and wipe your heads and your leg to the ankles [5:6]. Thus, if he were to wipe with something from his head, or with something from his feet what is between the two ankles up to the sides of the toes, so it would suffice him’.
قَالَ فَقُلْنَا أَيْنَ الْكَعْبَانِ قَالَ هَاهُنَا يَعْنِي الْمَفْصِلَ دُونَ عَظْمِ السَّاقِ فَقُلْنَا هَذَا مَا هُوَ فَقَالَ هَذَا مِنْ عَظْمِ السَّاقِ وَ الْكَعْبُ أَسْفَلُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَقُلْنَا أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ فَالْغُرْفَةُ الْوَاحِدَةُ تُجْزِئُ لِلْوَجْهِ وَ غُرْفَةٌ لِلذِّرَاعِ قَالَ نَعَمْ إِذَا بَالَغْتَ فِيهَا وَ الثِّنْتَانِ تَأْتِيَانِ عَلَى ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ
He (the narrator) said: ‘We said, ‘Where are the two ankles?’ He-asws said: ‘Over here, meaning the joint bellowed the bones of the leg’. So, we said, ‘This, what is it (exactly)?’ He-asws said: ‘This is from the bone of the leg, and the ankle is below from that’. We said, ‘May Allah-azwj Keep you-asws well! The one scoop (of water) would suffice for the face, and a scoop (each) for the arms?’ He-asws said: ‘Yes, when you exceed in it, and the two (is the most which would) would both come to be upon that, all of it’.[69]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ وَ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنِ الْهَيْثَمِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ التَّمِيمِيِّ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَ أَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى الْمَرافِقِ فَقُلْتُ هَكَذَا وَ مَسَحْتُ مِنْ ظَهْرِ كَفِّي إِلَى الْمِرْفَقِ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ هَكَذَا تَنْزِيلُهَا إِنَّمَا هِيَ فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَ أَيْدِيَكُمْ مِنَ الْمَرَافِقِ ثُمَّ أَمَرَّ يَدَهُ مِنْ مِرْفَقِهِ إِلَى أَصَابِعِهِ
Muhammad Bin Al Hassan, and someone else, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Al Haysam Bin Urwa Al Tameemi who said,
‘I asked Abu Abdullah-asws about the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic so wash your faces and your hands to the elbows [5:6]. I said, ‘Like this?’ – and I wiped the back of my palm up to the elbow’. He-asws said: ‘Not like this. Descend it. But rather, it (the Verse is) wash your faces and your hands from the elbows [5:6]’. Then he-asws passed his-asws hand from his-asws elbow down to his-asws fingers’.[70]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ جَمِيعاً عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) أَ لَا تُخْبِرُنِي مِنْ أَيْنَ عَلِمْتَ وَ قُلْتَ إِنَّ الْمَسْحَ بِبَعْضِ الرَّأْسِ وَ بَعْضِ الرِّجْلَيْنِ فَضَحِكَ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا زُرَارَةُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) وَ نَزَلَ بِهِ الْكِتَابُ مِنَ اللَّهِ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ فَعَرَفْنَا أَنَّ الْوَجْهَ كُلَّهُ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُغْسَلَ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَ أَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى الْمَرافِقِ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father and Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazaan, altogether from Hammad Bin Isa, from Hareyz, from Zurara who said,
‘I said to Abu Ja’far-asws, ‘Can you-asws inform me from where do you-asws know and say that the wiping is with part of the head and part of the two legs?’ He-asws smiled and said: ‘O Zurara! Rasool-Allah-saww said so and the Book was Revealed with it from Allah-azwj, because Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying so wash your faces [5:6], thus we recognise that the face, all of it, it is befitting that one washes it. Then He-azwj Said and your hands to the elbows [5:6].
ثُمَّ فَصَّلَ بَيْنَ الْكَلَامِ فَقَالَ وَ امْسَحُوا بِرُؤُسِكُمْ فَعَرَفْنَا حِينَ قَالَ بِرُؤُسِكُمْ أَنَّ الْمَسْحَ بِبَعْضِ الرَّأْسِ لِمَكَانِ الْبَاءِ ثُمَّ وَصَلَ الرِّجْلَيْنِ بِالرَّأْسِ كَمَا وَصَلَ الْيَدَيْنِ بِالْوَجْهِ فَقَالَ وَ أَرْجُلَكُمْ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ فَعَرَفْنَا حِينَ وَصَلَهَا بِالرَّأْسِ أَنَّ الْمَسْحَ عَلَى بَعْضِهَا
Then He-azwj Detailed between the Speech, so He-azwj Said and wipe your heads. So we recognise where He-azwj Said your heads that the wiping is with part of the head and your legs to the ankles due to the placing of the (letter) ‘Ba’. Then He-azwj Linked the two feet with the head just as He-azwj Linked the two hands with the face, so He-azwj Said and your legs to the ankles. Thus, we recognise where He-azwj Linked it with the heat that the wiping is upon part of it.
ثُمَّ فَسَّرَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) لِلنَّاسِ فَضَيَّعُوهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا ماءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيداً طَيِّباً فَامْسَحُوا بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَ أَيْدِيكُمْ مِنْهُ فَلَمَّا وَضَعَ الْوُضُوءَ إِنْ لَمْ تَجِدُوا الْمَاءَ أَثْبَتَ بَعْضَ الْغَسْلِ مَسْحاً لِأَنَّهُ قَالَ بِوُجُوهِكُمْ ثُمَّ وَصَلَ بِهَا وَ أَيْدِيَكُمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ مِنْهُ أَيْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ التَّيَمُّمِ لِأَنَّهُ عَلِمَ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ أَجْمَعَ لَمْ يَجْرِ عَلَى الْوَجْهِ لِأَنَّهُ يُعَلَّقُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الصَّعِيدِ بِبَعْضِ الْكَفِّ وَ لَا يَعْلَقُ بِبَعْضِهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ ما يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيَجْعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ وَ الْحَرَجُ الضِّيقُ
Then Rasool-Allah-saww interpreted it for the people, by they wasted it. Then He-azwj Said and you cannot find water, so perform Tayammum with pure soil and wipe your faces and your hands from it [5:6]. So when you perform the Wudu and if you do not find the water, part of the washing is affirmed by the wiping, because He-azwj Said wipe your faces, the Linked with it and your hands. Then He-saww Said from it, i.e. from that Tayammum, because He-azwj Knew that that is not the entirety of the face because He-azwj Attached the dust from that with part of the palm, and He-azwj did not Attach with part of it. Then He-azwj Said Allah does not Want to Make a difficulty upon you in the Religion, and the difficulty, it is the adversity’.[71]
VERSE 7
وَاذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَمِيثَاقَهُ الَّذِي وَاثَقَكُمْ بِهِ إِذْ قُلْتُمْ سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا ۖ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ {7}
And recall the Favour of Allah on you and His Covenant which He Bound you with firmly, when you said: ‘We have heard and we obey’, and fear Allah, surely Allah knows what is in the chests [5:7]
الطبرسي، عن أبي الجارود، عن أبي جعفر (عليه السلام): «أن المراد بالميثاق ما بين لهم في حجة الوداع من تحريم المحرمات، و كيفية الطهارة، و فرض الولاية
Al Tabarsy, from Abu Al Jaroud,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far-asws having said: ‘The Meaning of the Covenant is what was between them during the Farewell Hajj from the Prohibition of the Prohibited (matters), and the mannerisms of the cleanliness, and the Obligation of the Wilayah’.[72]
VERSE 8
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُونُوا قَوَّامِينَ لِلَّهِ شُهَدَاءَ بِالْقِسْطِ ۖ وَلَا يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ شَنَآنُ قَوْمٍ عَلَىٰ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا ۚ اعْدِلُوا هُوَ أَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوَىٰ ۖ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ {8}
O you who believe! Be firm witnesses of Allah with fairness, and do not let hatred of a people make you unjust; and be just, it is closer to the piety, and fear Allah, surely Allah is Aware with what you are doing [5:8]
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي إِدْرِيسَ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ بْنِ أَبِي ضَمْرَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) أَحْكَامُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةٍ شَهَادَةٍ عَادِلَةٍ أَوْ يَمِينٍ قَاطِعَةٍ أَوْ سُنَّةٍ مَاضِيَةٍ مِنْ أَئِمَّةِ الْهُدَى
Al-Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moala Bin Muhammad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abdullah, from Abu Jameela, from Ismail Bin Abu Idrees, from Al Husayn Bin Zamara Bin Abu Zamara, from his father, from his grandfather who said,
‘Amir Al-Momineen-asws said: ‘The rulings of the Muslims are upon three – Just testimony, or a conclusive oath, or a past Sunnah of the Imams-asws of the Guidance’.[73]
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) سَيِّدُ الْأَعْمَالِ إِنْصَافُ النَّاسِ مِنْ نَفْسِكَ وَ مُوَاسَاةُ الْأَخِ فِي اللَّهِ وَ ذِكْرُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny,
(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww said: ‘The chief of the deeds is fairness with the people from yourself, and equalising with the brother for the Sake of Allah-azwj, and mentioning Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic upon every state’.[74]
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ لَا تَسْتَكْثِرُوا كَثِيرَ الْخَيْرِ وَ لَا تَسْتَقِلُّوا قَلِيلَ الذُّنُوبِ فَإِنَّ قَلِيلَ الذُّنُوبِ يَجْتَمِعُ حَتَّى يَكُونَ كَثِيراً وَ خَافُوا اللَّهَ فِي السِّرِّ حَتَّى تُعْطُوا مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمُ النَّصَفَ
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Usman Bin Sama’at who said,
‘I heard Abu Al-Hassan-asws saying: ‘Do not consider as a lot, the abundant goodness, nor belittle the little sins, for the little sins would accumulate until they become a lot; and fear Allah-azwj in the privacy until you can give the fairness (to others) from yourself’.[75]
VERSE 9
وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ ۙ لَهُمْ مَغْفِرَةٌ وَأَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ {9}
Allah Promises those who are believing and are doing righteous deeds, for them would be Forgiveness and a mighty Recompense [5:9]
شَرَفُ الدِّينِ النَّجَفِيُّ: قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: رَوَى فَضَالَةُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ)، فِي الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ عَمِلُوا الصَّالِحاتِ قَالَ: «آمَنُوا بِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ)، وَ عَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ بَعْدَ الْمَعْرِفَةِ
Sharaf Al Deen Al Najafy, from Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Fazalat Bin Ayoub, from Aban Bin Usman, from Abu Hamza Al Sumaly,
From Abu Ja’far-asws regarding His-azwj Words regarding those who are believing and are doing righteous deeds [5:9]. He-asws said: ‘They are believing in Amir Al-Momineen-asws and they are doing righteous deeds after the recognition’’. [76]
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ: عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنْ مُقَاتِلٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ صَبَّاحٍ الْأَزْرَقِ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ) يَقُولُ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ عَمِلُوا الصَّالِحاتِ: هُوَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ) وَ شِيعَتُهُ
Muhammad Bin Al Abbas, from Al Husayn Bin Ahmad, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus, from Muqatil, from Abdullah Bin Bukeyr, from Sabbah Al Azraq who said,
‘I heard Abu Abdullah-asws saying regarding the Words of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: those who are believing and are doing righteous deeds [5:9]: ‘It is Amir Al-Momineen-asws and his-asws Shias’’. [77]
VERSE 10
وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَكَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا أُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْجَحِيمِ {10}
And those who are committing Kufr and are belying the Signs, they are the inmates of the Blazing Fire [5:10]
محمد بن العباس، قال: حدثنا محمد بن همام، عن محمد بن إسماعيل العلوي، عن عيسى بن داود، عن الإمام موسى بن جعفر، عن أبيه (عليهما السلام)، قال: « و الذين سعوا في قطع مودة آل محمد (عليهم السلام) معاجزين أولئك أصحاب الجحيم- قال- هم الأربعة نفر: التيمي، و العدوي، و الأمويان
Muhammad Bin Al Abbas, from Muhammad Bin Hamam, from Muhammad Bin Ismail Al Alawy, from Isa Bin Dawood,
(It has been narrated) from the Imam Musa-asws Bin Ja’far-asws, he-asws said: ‘Those who are striving to cut-off the cordiality of the Progeny-asws of Muhammad-saww in order to frustrate them-asws, they are the inmates of the Blazing Fire [5:10]. They are four in number – the Taymi (clan of Abu Bakr), the Adwayy (clan of Umar), and the Umayyad’s (clan of Umayya)’.[78]
Appendix I: Interpretation of Verse 5:3
‘While the Prophet-saww and Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws was at Makkah in the days of the season (of Hajj), when the Prophet-saww turned towards Ali-asws said: ‘Congratulations to you-asws and beatitude be for you-asws, O Abu Al-Hassan-asws! Allah-azwj has Revealed a Verse unto me-saww, Decisive not Allegorical, Mentioning me-saww and you-asws in it equally.
فَقَالَ- الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَ أَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَ رَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلامَ دِيناً بِيَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ وَ يَوْمِ جُمُعَةٍ هَذَا جَبْرَئِيلُ يُخْبِرُنِي عَنِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْعَثُكَ وَ شِيعَتَكَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ رُكْبَاناً غَيْرَ رِجَالٍ عَلَى نَجَائِبَ رَحَائِلُهَا مِنَ النُّورِ
He-azwj Said: ‘Today I Perfected your Religion for you and Completed My Favour upon you, and am Pleased with Al-Islam as a Religion for you. [5:3] – day of Arafaat and day of Friday. This here is Jibraeel-as informing me-saww on behalf of Allah-azwj that Allah-azwj will be Resurrecting you-asws and your-asws Shias on the Day of Qiyamah as riders, not on foot, upon saddles of light upon their rides.
فَتُنَاخُ عِنْدَ قُبُورِهِمْ فَيُقَالُ لَهُمُ ارْكَبُوا يَا أَوْلِيَاءَ اللَّهِ فَيَرْكَبُونَ صَفّاً مُعْتَدِلًا أَنْتَ أَمَامُهُمْ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ حَتَّى إِذَا صَارُوا إِلَى الْفَحْصِ ثَارَتْ فِي وُجُوهِهِمْ رِيحٌ يُقَالُ لَهَا الْمُثِيرَةُ فَتَذْرِي فِي وُجُوهِهِمُ الْمِسْكَ الْأَذْفَرَ فَيُنَادُونَ بِصَوْتٍ لَهُمْ نَحْنُ الْعَلَوِيُّونَ فَيُقَالُ لَهُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمُ الْعَلَوِيُّونَ فَأَنْتُمُ الْآمِنُونَ وَ لا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْكُمُ الْيَوْمَ وَ لا أَنْتُمْ تَحْزَنُونَ
These (rides) would be knelt at their graves and it would be said them: ‘Ride, O friends of Allah-azwj!’ So, they would rise in straight rows, you-asws being in front of them to the Paradise until when they come to the dwelling places, there would be a breeze called Al-Museyra, in their faces, and it would leave the aroma of the yellow musk in their faces. They would be calling out in their voices, ‘We are the ‘Alawiyoun’ (superior)’. It would be said to them: ‘If you were ‘Alawiyoun’, they you are secured, There will neither be fear upon you nor will you be grieving!’ [7:49]’’.[79]
Appendix II: full Hadeeth of Ghadeer Khumm,
و رواه الشيخ الفاضل المتكلم الفقيه العالم الزاهد الورع أبو علي محمد بن أحمد بن علي الفتال- المعروف بابن الفارسي- و هو من أجلاء قدماء الإمامية من علمائها و متكلميها
And it is reported by Al-Sheykh, the meritorious, the theologian, the jurist, the scholar, the ascetic, the pious Abu Ali Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Ali Al Fatal – well known as Ibn Al Farsi – and he is from the majestic of the ancient Imamites from its scholars and its theologians.
روى في كتابه المعروف ب (روضة الواعظين) عن أبي جعفر الباقر (عليه السلام)، قال: «حج رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) من المدينة، و قد بلغ جميع الشرائع قومه ما خلا الحج و الولاية
He reports in his famous book Rowzat Al-Waizeen, from Abu Ja’far Al-Baqir-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah-saww went for Hajj from Al Medina, and he-saww had already delivered the entirety of the Laws to his-saww people apart from the Hajj and the Wilayah.
فأتاه جبرئيل (عليه السلام)، فقال له: يا محمد، إن الله عز و جل يقرئك السلام، و يقول لك: إني لم أقبض نبيا من أنبيائي و رسلي إلا بعد إكمال ديني و تأكيد حجتي، و قد بقي عليك من ذلك فريضتان مما يحتاج أن تبلغهما قومك: فريضة الحج، و فريضة الولاية و الخلافة من بعدك، فإني لم أخل الأرض من حجة، و لن أخليها أبدا
Jibraeel-as came to him-saww and said to him-saww: ‘O Muhammad-saww! Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Conveys the Greetings to you-saww and is Saying to you-saww: “I-azwj did not Capture (the soul) of a Prophet-as from My-azwj Prophets-as and My-azwj Rasools-as except after the Perfection of My-azwj Religion and Emphasising My-azwj Divine Authority. And (now) there remains upon you-saww from that, two Obligations from what is needed that you-saww. Deliver these two to your-saww people – the Obligation of the Hajj and the Obligation of the Wilayah, and the Caliph (to be) from after you-saww, for I-azwj did not Keep the earth empty from a Divine Authority and will never Keep it empty, ever!”
و إن الله يأمرك أن تبلغ قومك الحج، تحج و يحج معك كل من استطاع السبيل من أهل الحضر و أهل الأطراف و الأعراب، و تعلمهم من حجهم مثل ما علمتهم من صلاتهم و زكاتهم و صيامهم، و توقفهم من ذلك على مثال الذي أوقفتهم عليه من جميع ما بلغتهم من الشرائع
And that Allah-azwj Commands you-saww: “Deliver to your-saww people (the method) of Hajj. You-saww should perform Hajj and he should (also) perform Hajj along with you-saww, the one who has the capacity for the way, from the people present, and the people of the outskirts and the Bedouins, and you-saww should teach them their Hajj similar to what you-saww taught them of their Salat, and their Zakat, and their Soam, and you-saww should pause them upon the like of what I-azwj Paused them upon, from the entirety of what you-saww delivered from the Laws”’.
فنادى منادي رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) في الناس: ألا إن رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) يريد الحج و أن يعلمكم من ذلك مثل الذي علمكم من شرائع دينكم، و يوقفكم من ذلك على ما أوقفكم عليه
A caller of Rasool-Allah-saww called out among the people, ‘Indeed! Rasool-Allah-saww intends to perform the Hajj and to teach you all from that similar to which he-saww taught from the Laws of your Religion, and pause you all from that upon what he-saww pauses upon!’
و خرج رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) و خرج معه الناس، و أصغوا إليه لينظروا ما يصنع فيصنعوا مثله
And Rasool-Allah-saww went out and the people went out along with him-saww, and they paid attention to him-saww in order to look at what he-saww does, so they could do similar to it.
فحج بهم فبلغ من حج مع رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) من أهل المدينة و أهل الأطراف و الأعراب سبعين ألف إنسان أو يزيدون «1»، على نحو عدد أصحاب موسى السبعين ألف الذين أخذ عليهم بيعة هارون (عليه السلام) فنكثوا و اتبعوا العجل و السامري، و كذلك أخذ رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) البيعة لعلي (عليه السلام) بالخلافة- على عدد أصحاب موسى- فنكثوا البيعة و اتبعوا العجل و السامري سنة بسنة، و مثلا بمثل
He-saww performed Hajj with them, and there reached the ones to perform Hajj along with Rasool-Allah-saww, from the people of Al Medina, and the people of the outskirts, and the Bedouins, seventy thousand people or more, upon an approximation of the seventy thousand companions of Musa-as, those upon whom he-as took the allegiance for Haroun-as, but they broke it and followed the calf and Al-Samiry. And similar to that, Rasool-Allah-saww took the allegiance for Ali-asws with the Caliphate – upon a number of the companions of Musa-as – but they broke the allegiance and followed the calf and Al-Samiry, way by way and like by like.
و اتصلت التلبية ما بين مكة و المدينة، فلما توقف بالموقف أتاه جبرئيل (عليه السلام)، فقال: يا محمد، إن الله عز و جل يقرئك السلام، و يقول لك، إنه قد دنا أجلك و مدتك، و إني أستقدمك على ما لا بد منه و لا محيص عنه
And he-saww exclaimed the Talbiyya in what is between Makkah and Al Medina. When he-saww paused at the juncture, Jibraeel-as came to him-saww and he-as said: ‘O Muhammad-saww! Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Conveys the Greetings to you-saww, and is Saying to you-saww: “It is so that (the end) of your-saww term and your-saww period has approached, and I-azwj Preceded you-saww upon what is inevitable from it and there is no avoidance from it.
فاعهد عهدك، و قدم وصيتك، و اعمد إلى ما عندك من العلم و ميراث علوم الأنبياء من قبلك، و السلاح و التابوت و جميع ما عندك من آيات الأنبياء من قبلك، فسلمها إلى وصيك و خليفتك من بعدك، حجتي البالغة على خلقي علي بن أبي طالب
So, pledge your-saww covenant and set forth your-saww bequest, and deliberate to what is with you from the knowledge and the inheritance of the knowledge of the Prophets from before you-saww, and the weapons, and the casket, and the entirety of whatever is with you-saww from the Signs of the Prophets-as from before you-saww, and submit these to your-saww successor-asws and your-saww Caliph from after you-saww, him-asws being My-azwj Delivering Divine Authority upon My-azwj creatures, Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws.
فأقمه للناس و خذ عهده و ميثاقه و بيعته، و ذكرهم ما أخذت عليهم من بيعتي و ميثاقي الذي واثقتهم به، و عهدي الذي عهدت إليهم من ولاية وليي، و مولاهم و مولى كل مؤمن و مؤمنة، علي بن أبي طالب
Therefore, establish him-asws for the people and take his-asws pact and his-asws covenant and his-asws allegiance, and mention to them what I-azwj have Taken upon them from My-azwj Allegiance and My-azwj Covenant which I-azwj Bound them with, and My-azwj Pact which I-azwj made a pact to them of the Wilayah of My-azwj Guardian-asws, and their Master-asws and the Master-asws of every Momin and Momina, Ali-asws Bin Abu Talib-asws.
فإني لم أقبض نبيا من أنبيائي إلا بعد إكمال حجتي و ديني، و إتمام نعمتي بولاية أوليائي و معاداة أعدائي، و ذلك كمال توحيدي و ديني، و تمام نعمتي على خلقي باتباع وليي و إطاعته، و ذلك أني لا أترك أرضي بغير قيم ليكون حجة على خلقي
I-azwj do not Capture (the soul of) a Prophet-as from My-azwj Prophets-as except after the Perfection of My-azwj Argument and My-azwj Religion, and Completion of My-azwj Favours by the Wilayah of My-azwj Guardian-asws and the enmity of My-azwj enemies – and that is the perfection of My-azwj Tawheed and My-azwj Religion, and Completion of My-azwj Favours upon My-azwj creatures by their following My-azwj Guardian-asws and obeying him-asws, and that I-azwj do not Leave My-azwj earth without a Custodian who would happen to a Divine Authority upon My-azwj creatures.
فاليوم أكملت لكم دينكم، و أتممت عليكم نعمتي، و رضيت لكم الإسلام دينا علي وليي و مولى كل مؤمن و مؤمنة، علي عبدي و وصي نبيي و الخليفة من بعده، و حجتي البالغة على خلقي، مقرون طاعته مع طاعة محمد نبيي، و مقرون طاعة محمد بطاعتي، من أطاعه فقد أطاعني، و من عصاه فقد عصاني
Today I Perfected your Religion for you and Completed My Favour upon you, and am Pleased with Al Islam as a Religion for you [5:3]. Ali-asws is My-azwj Guardian-asws and Master of every Momin and Momina. Ali-asws is My-azwj servant and the successor-asws of My-azwj Prophet-saww and the Caliph from after him-saww, and My-azwj Delivering Divine Authority upon My-azwj creatures. Obedience to him-asws is paired with obedience to Muhammad-saww, My-azwj Prophet-saww, and the Obedience to Muhammad-saww is paired with obedience to Me-azwj. The one who obeys him-asws so he has Obeyed Me-azwj, and the one who disobeys him-asws, so he has disobeyed Me-azwj.
جعلته علما بيني و بين خلقي، فمن عرفه كان مؤمنا، و من أنكره كان كافرا، و من أشرك ببيعته كان مشركا، و من لقيني بولايته دخل الجنة، و من لقيني بعداوته دخل النار. فأقم يا محمد عليا علما، و خذ عليهم البيعة، و خذ عهدي و ميثاقي لهم الذي واثقتهم عليه فإني قابضك إلي، و مستقدمك
I-azwj Made him-asws a flag between Me-azwj and My-azwj creatures, so the one who recognises him-asws would be a Momin, and the one who denies him would be a Kafir, and the one who associates in his-asws allegiance would be a Mushrik, and the one who meets Me-azwj having his-asws Wilayah would enter the Paradise, and the one who meets Me-azwj having his-asws enmity would enter the Fire. So establish, O Muhammad-saww, Ali-asws as a flag, and take the allegiance upon them, and take My-azwj Pact and My-azwj Covenant to them which I-azwj Bound them upon, for I-azwj am (about to) Capture you-saww to Me-azwj and Proceed you-saww (to Me-azwj)!”
فخشي رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) قومه و أهل النفاق و الشقاق أن يتفرقوا و يرجعوا جاهلية لما عرف من عداوتهم، و ما يبطنون عليه أنفسهم لعلي (عليه السلام) من البغضاء، و سأل جبرئيل (عليه السلام) أن يسأل ربه العصمة من الناس و انتظر أن يأتيه جبرئيل بالعصمة من الناس من الله عز و جل
But Rasool-Allah-saww feared his-saww people and the people of hypocrisy and the wretchedness that they would be dividing and returning to (the ways of the) Pre-Islamic period when he-saww recognise their enmity and what they were concealing within themselves for Ali-asws, of the hatred, and he-saww asked Jibraeel-as to ask his-saww Lord-azwj for the Protection from the people, and he-saww awaited for Jibraeel-as to come to him-saww with the Protection from the people, from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic.
فأخر ذلك إلى أن بلغ مسجد الخيف، فأتاه جبرئيل (عليه السلام) و أمره أن يعهد عهده و يقيم حجته عليا للناس، و لم يأته بالعصمة من الله عز و جل بالذي أراد حتى بلغ كراع الغميم- بين مكة و المدينة
He-saww delayed that until he-saww reached Masjid Al-Khief, and Jibraeel-as came to him-saww and instructed him-saww that he-saww should pact his covenant and establish His-azwj Divine Authority Ali-asws to the people, and (but) did not come with the Protection from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic which he-saww wanted until he-saww reached Kara’a Al-Ghameem – between Makkah and Al Medina.
فأتاه جبرئيل و أمره بالذي امر به من قبل و لم يأته بالعصمة، فقال: يا جبرئيل، إني لأخشى قومي أن يكذبوني، و لا يقبلوا قولي في علي. فرحل
Jibraeel-as came to him-as and instructed him-saww with that which he-as had instructed him-saww with from before, and (but still) did not come to him with the Protection. So he-saww said: ‘O Jibraeel-as! I-saww am fearing my-saww people that they would belie me-saww and they would not be accepting my-saww words regarding Ali-asws’. So he-as departed.
فلما بلغ غدير خم قبل الجحفة بثلاثة أميال، أتاه جبرئيل (عليه السلام) على خمس ساعات مضت من النهار بالزجر و الانتهار و العصمة من الناس، فقال: يا محمد، إن الله عز و جل يقرئك السلام، و يقول لك: يا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ بَلِّغْ ما أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَبِّكَ في علي وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلْ فَما بَلَّغْتَ رِسالَتَهُ وَ اللَّهُ يَعْصِمُكَ مِنَ النَّاسِ
When he-saww reached Ghadeer Khumm before Al Juhfa by three miles, Jibraeel-as came to him-saww after five hours having passed from the day, with the Rebuke and the Reprimand and the Protection from the people, and he-as said: ‘O Muhammad-saww! Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Conveys the Greetings to you-saww, and is Saying to you-saww: “O you Rasool! Deliver what has been Revealed unto you from your Lord regarding Ali and if you don’t do so, then you have not delivered His Message, and Allah will Protect you from the people [5:67]”’
فكان أولهم بلغ قرب الجحفة فأمره أن يرد من تقدم منهم، و يحبس من تأخر منهم في ذلك المكان، ليقيم عليا (عليه السلام) للناس، و يبلغهم ما أنزل الله عز و جل في علي (عليه السلام) و أخبره أن الله تعالى قد عصمه من الناس
And it was so that the first of them he-saww delivered to was near to Al Juhfa. He-saww ordered that the ones who had preceded from them should be returned, and the ones delayed should be withheld in that place, in order for him-saww to establish Ali-asws to the people, and to deliver what Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic had Revealed regarding Ali-asws, and he-as (Jibraeel-as) informed him-saww that Allah-azwj the Exalted has Protected him-saww from the people.
فأمر رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) عند ما جاءته العصمة مناديا ينادي، فنادى في الناس بالصلاة جامعة، و تنحى عن يمين الطريق إلى جنب مسجد الغدير، أمره بذلك جبرئيل (عليه السلام) عن الله تعالى، و في الموضع سلمات
Thus, Rasool-Allah-saww, when there came to him-saww the Protection, ordered a caller to call out. He called out among the people with the congregational Salat, and to step aside from the right hand side of the road to the side of Masjid Al-Ghadeer. Jibraeel-as had instructed him-saww with that on behalf of Allah-azwj the Exalted, and be in a place of the Salmaat (thorny bushes).
فأمر رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) أن يقم ما تحتهن، و ينصب له أحجار كهيئة المنبر ليشرف على الناس، فتراجع الناس و احتبس أواخرهم في ذلك المكان لا يزالون، و قام رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) فوق تلك الأحجار، و قال (صلى الله عليه و آله)
Rasool-Allah-saww ordered that he-saww would be standing in what is beneath these, and that the rocks be established for him as if it were a Pulpit for him-saww to oversee the people. So, the (preceding) people were returned, and their delayed ones were withheld in that place, not moving, and Rasool-Allah-saww stood above those rocks and said: –
الحمد لله الذي علا بتوحيده، و دنا في تفريده، و جل في سلطانه، و عظم في أركانه، و أحاط بكل شيء علما و هو في مكانه، و قهر جميع الخلق بقدرته و برهانه. حميد لم يزل محمودا، و لا يزال مجيدا، لا يزول مبدئا و معيدا، و كل أمر إليه يعود بارئ المسموكات، و داحي المدحوات
‘The Praise is for Allah-azwj Who is Exalted by His-azwj Tawheed, and is near in His-azwj Individuality, and is Majestic in His-azwj Authority, and Magnificent in His-azwj Elements, and is Encompassing with all things in Knowledge, and He-azwj in His-azwj Position, and Subdues the entirety of the creature by His-azwj Power and His-azwj Proof. A Praise One who did not cease to be the most Praised, nor did He-azwj cease to be Glorified, nor ceased to be the Initiator and a Repeater, and every matter would be returning to Him-azwj, the Originator of the movements, Connector of the connections.
قدوس سبوح رب الملائكة و الروح، متفضل على جميع من برأه، متطول على جميع من ذرأه، يلحظ كل عين و العيون لا تراه. كريم رحيم ذو أناة، قد وسع كل شيء رحمته، و من على جميع خلقه بنعمته
Holy, Glorious, is the Lord-azwj of the Angels and the Spirit, superior over the entirety of the ones away from Him-azwj, Extending upon the entirety of His-azwj creation, Observing every eye while the eyes do not see Him-azwj. Benevolent, Merciful, One with Patience. His-azwj Mercy contains all things, and He-azwj Confers upon the entirety of His-azwj creatures with His-azwj Bounties.
لا يعجل بانتقامه، و لا يبادر عليهم بما استحقوا من عذابه، قد فهم السرائر، و علم الضمائر، و لم تخف عليه المكنونات، و ما اشتبهت عليه الخفيات، له الإحاطة بكل شيء، و الغلبة لكل شيء، و القوة في كل شيء، و القدرة على كل شيء
He-azwj is neither Hasty with His-azwj Revenge nor does He-azwj Initiate with what they are deserving from His-azwj Punishment. He-azwj Understands the secrets and Knows the consciences, and the hidden is not concealed from Him-azwj, and the hidden matters are not doubtful upon Him-azwj. For Him-azwj is the Encompassing with all things, and the Overcoming of all things, and the Strength regarding all things, and the Power upon all things.
لا مثله شيء، و هو منشئ الشيء حين لا شيء و حين لا حي. قائم بالقسط لا إله إلا هو العزيز الحكيم، جل عن أن تدركه الأبصار، و هو يدرك الأبصار، و هو اللطيف الخبير، لا يلحق وصفه أحد بمعاينة و لا يحد، كيف و هو من سر و لا علانية، إلا بما دل عز و جل على نفسه
There is nothing like Him-azwj, and He-azwj is the Constructor of the things when there was neither a thing nor a life. Standing with the Justice, there is no god except Him-azwj, the Mighty, the Wise. He-azwj is more Majestic than for the visions to visualise Him-azwj, and He-azwj visualises the visions. And He-azwj is the Subtle, the Aware. No one can reach His-azwj Attributes with its preview nor can He-azwj be limited. How (can it be so) and He-azwj is from a Secret and not public, except with what the Mighty and Majestic Indicated upon Himself-azwj?
أشهد له بأنه الله الذي لا إله إلا هو، الذي أبلى الدهر قدسه، و الذي يفني الأبد نوره، و الذي ينفذ أمره بلا مشاورة مشير، و لا معه شريك في تقدير، و لا تفاوت في تدبير
I-saww bear witness for Him-azwj that there is no god except Him-azwj Whose Holiness would outlast the eternity, and Whose Light would Extinguish the permanence, and Whose Command will be implemented without consulting consultants. And there is no associate with Him-azwj in His-azwj Pre-determination, nor is there any discrepancy in His-azwj Management.
صور ما ابتدع بلا مثال، و خلق ما خلق بلا معونة من أحد، و لا تكلف و لا احتيال، أنشأها فكانت، و برأها فبانت، و هو الله الذي لا إله إلا هو المتقن الصنعة، الحسن الصنيعة، العدل الذي لا يجور، و الأكرم الذي إليه ترجع الأمور
He-azwj Images whatever He-azwj Initiated without a (prior) example, and Creates whatever He-azwj Creates without assistance from anyone, nor being encumbered nor artificialness. He-azwj Desires it, so it happens, and He-azwj Constructs it so it is built. He-azwj is Allah-azwj Who, there is no god except Him-azwj, of elaborate workmanship, and the excellent workmanship. The Just One Who is not tyrannous, and the Benevolent to Whom return (all) the matters.
و أشهد أنه الله الذي تواضع كل شيء لعظمته، و ذل كل شيء لعزته، و أسلم كل شيء لقدرته، و خضع كل شيء لهيبته مالك «1» الأملاك، و مسخر الشمس و القمر في الأفلاك، كل يجري لأجل مسمى، يكور الليل على النهار، و يكور النهار على الليل
And I-saww testify that He-azwj is Allah-azwj Who Placed all things for His-azwj Magnificence, and Humiliated all things for His-azwj Honour, and Submitted all things for His-azwj Power, and Subjugated all things for his Awe. He-azwj is the King of the kings, and He-azwj Cause the subservience of the sun and the moon in the orbits, each flowing to a specified term. He-azwj Wraps the night upon the day and Wraps the day upon the night.
يطلبه حثيثا، قاصم كل جبار عنيد، و مهلك كل شيطان مريد، لم يكن له ضد، و لا معه ند، أحد صمد، لم يلد و لم يولد، و لم يكن له كفوا أحد، إلها واحدا و ربا ماجدا
Seek Him-azwj desperately. He-azwj Crushes every stubborn tyrant, and Destroys every rebellious satan-la. There is no opponent for Him-azwj nor is there a match for Him-azwj. He-azwj is One, Last. He-azwj does not beget nor is He-azwj begotten, and there does not happen to be anyone a match for Him-azwj. One God, and a Glorious Lord-azwj.
يشاء فيمضي، و يريد فيقضي، و يعلم فيحصي، و يميت و يحيي، و يفقر و يغني، و يضحك و يبكي، و يدني و يقصي، و يمنع و يعطي
He Desires so He-azwj Accomplishes, and He-azwj Intends so He-azwj Ordains, and He-azwj Knows so He-azwj Counts, and He-azwj Causes to die and to live, and He-azwj Impoverishes and Enriches, and He-azwj Causes to laugh and cry, and He-azwj Draws near and Distances, and He-azwj Deprives and Gives.
له الملك و له الحمد، بيده الخير، و هو على كل شيء قدير، يولج الليل في النهار، و يولج النهار في الليل، لا إله إلا هو العزيز الغفار، مستجيب الدعاء، جزيل العطاء، محصي الأنفاس، رب الجنة و الناس
For Him-azwj is the Kingdom and for Him-azwj is the Praise. In His-azwj Hand is the good, and He-azwj is Able upon all things. He-azwj Merges the night into the day, and He-azwj Merges the day into the night. There is no god except Him-azwj, the Mighty, the Forgiver, Answerer of the supplication, Ample of the Giving, Counter of the breaths, Lord-azwj of the Paradise and the people.
الذي لا تشكل عليه لغة، و لا يضجره المستصرخون، و لا يبرمه إلحاح الملحين، العاصم للصالحين، و الموفق للمتقين، مولى المؤمنين «3»، رب العالمين، الذي استحق من كل خلق أن يشكره و يحمده على كل حال
(He-azwj is) One Whom a language cannot comprise, nor can the screamers anger Him-azwj, nor can the urgency of the pressing ones force Him-azwj, and the compromise of the pious. He-azwj is the Master of the Momineen, Lord-azwj of the worlds, Who is Rightful from every creature that he thanks Him-azwj and praises Him-azwj upon every state.
أحمده و أشكره على السراء و الضراء، و الشدة و الرخاء، و أؤمن به و بملائكته و كتبه و رسله، فاسمعوا و أطيعوا لأمره، و بادروا إلى مرضاته، و سلموا لقضائه رغبة في طاعته، و خوفا من عقوبته، لأنه الله الذي لا يؤمن مكره، و لا يخاف جوره
I-saww praise Him-azwj and thank Him-azwj upon the good times and the bad times, and the adversities and the prosperity, and I-azwj believe in Him-azwj, and in His-azwj Angels, and His-azwj Books, and His-azwj Rasools-as, so Listen and be obedient to His-azwj Command and take the initiative to His-azwj Pleasure, and submit to His-azwj Judgment desirously in His-azwj obedience, and fearing from His-azwj Punishment, because Allah-azwj is One Who there is no safety from His-azwj Plan nor any fear from Him-azwj being tyrannous.
أقر له على نفسي بالعبودية، و أشهد له بالربوبية، و أؤدي ما أوحى إلي به خوفا و حذرا من أن تحل بي قارعة لا يدفعها عني أحد، و إن عظمت منته، و صفت خلته، لأنه لا إله إلا هو
I accept for Him-azwj upon myself-saww with the slavery and I-saww testify for Him-azwj with the Lordship, and I-saww hereby perform what He-azwj has Revealed unto me-saww, being fearful and cautious from a Revenge being released with me-saww which none would be able to defend from me-saww, and that I-saww revere His-azwj Eternality and I-saww have described His-azwj Attributes, because there is no god except Him-azwj.
قد أعلمني إن لم أبلغ ما أنزل إلي فما بلغت رسالته، و قد ضمن لي العصمة، و هو الله الكافي الكريم، و أوحى إلي: بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم يا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ بَلِّغْ ما أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَبِّكَ في علي وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلْ فَما بَلَّغْتَ رِسالَتَهُ وَ اللَّهُ يَعْصِمُكَ مِنَ النَّاسِ
He-azwj has Let me know that if I-saww do not deliver what He-azwj Revealed unto me-saww, so (it is as if) I-saww have not delivered His-azwj Message (at all), and He-azwj has Guaranteed the Protection for me-saww, and He-azwj is Allah-azwj, the Adequate, the Benevolent. And He-azwj has Revealed unto me-saww: In the Name of Allah-azwj the Beneficent, the Merciful. O you Rasool! Deliver what has been Revealed unto you from your Lord; and if you don’t do so, then you have not delivered His Message, and Allah will Protect you from the people [5:67].
معاشر الناس، ما قصرت عن تبليغ ما أنزله تعالى، و أنا مبين لكم سبب نزول هذه الآية
Group of people! I-saww have not been deficient from delivering whatever the Exalted One Revealed, and I-saww will (now) clarify to you all the reason for the Revelation of this Verse.
إن جبرئيل (عليه السلام) هبط إلي مرارا ثلاثا، يأمرني عن السلام ربي، و هو السلام، أن أقوم في هذا المشهد فأعلم كل أبيض و أحمر و أسود أن علي بن أبي طالب أخي و وصيي و خليفتي، و هو الإمام من بعدي الذي محله مني محل هارون من موسى إلا أنه لا نبي بعدي
Jibraeel-as descended unto me-saww three times, instructing me-saww on behalf of Al Salaam (the safety Provider), my-saww Lord-azwj, and He-azwj is Al Salaam, that I-saww should stand in this landscape and let know every white and red and black (person) that Ali Bin Abu Talib-asws is my-saww brother, and my-saww successor, and my-saww Caliph, and he-asws is the Imam-asws from after me-saww, whose place from me-saww is the place of Haroun-as from Musa-as, except that there would be no Prophet-as after me-saww.
و هو وليكم بعد الله و رسوله، و قد أنزل الله تبارك و تعالى علي بذلك آية من كتابه: إِنَّما وَلِيُّكُمُ اللَّهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ وَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا الَّذِينَ يُقِيمُونَ الصَّلاةَ وَ يُؤْتُونَ الزَّكاةَ وَ هُمْ راكِعُونَ و علي بن أبي طالب الذي أقام الصلاة و آتى الزكاة و هو راكع يريد الله عز و جل في كل حال
And he-asws is your Guardian-asws after Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww, and Allah-azwj Blessed and Exalted Revealed unto me-saww with that a Verse from His-azwj Book: But rather, Allah is your Guardian, and His Rasool and those who are believing, those who are establishing the Salat and are giving the Zakat while they are performing Ruku [5:55], and (it was) Ali Bin Abu Talib-asws who established the Salat and gave the Zakat while he-asws was performing Ruku, intending Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic during every state.
و سألت جبرئيل (عليه السلام) أن يستعفي لي من تبليغ ذلك إليكم- أيها الناس- لعلمي بقلة المتقين، و كثرة المنافقين، و إدغال الآثمين، و ختل المستهزئين، الذين وصفهم الله في كتابه بأنهم يَقُولُونَ بِأَلْسِنَتِهِمْ ما لَيْسَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ
And I-saww asked Jibraeel-as to exempt me-saww from delivering that to you all – O you people – due to my-saww knowledge of the scarcity of the pious ones and abundance of the hypocrites, and the corruption of the sinners, and the deception of the mockers, those whom Allah-azwj has Described in His-azwj Book that: They are saying with their tongues what isn’t in their hearts [48:11].
و يحسبونه هينا، و هو عند الله عظيم، لكثرة أذاهم لي غير مرة حتى سموني أذنا و زعموا أنه كذلك، لكثرة ملازمتي إياه و إقبالي عليه حتى أنزل الله في ذلك الَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ النَّبِيَّ وَ يَقُولُونَ هُوَ أُذُنٌ فقال قُلْ أُذُنُ على الذين يزعمون أنه أذن خَيْرٍ لَكُمْ إلى آخر الآية
And they are considering it as insignificant while it is grievous in the Presence of Allah-azwj, due to their frequently hurting me-saww time and against until they hear me-saww with their ears and they claimed that it was like that, due to my-saww frequently adhering to him-asws and my-saww facing towards him-asws, until Allah-azwj Revealed regarding that: And those who are hurting the Prophet and are saying, ‘He is a hearer’. (He Said): “Say: ‘A hearer – upon those who are claiming that he is a hearer, is better for you [9:61] – up to the end of the Verse.
و لو شئت أن أسمي القائلين بأسمائهم لسميت و أومأت إليهم بأعيانهم، و لو شئت أن أدل عليهم لدللت، و لكني في أمرهم قد تكرمت، و كل ذلك لا يرضى الله عني إلا أن ابلغ ما أنزل إلي، فقال: يا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ بَلِّغْ ما أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَبِّكَ في علي وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلْ فَما بَلَّغْتَ رِسالَتَهُ وَ اللَّهُ يَعْصِمُكَ مِنَ النَّاسِ الآية
And if I-saww had desired to name the speakers with their names, I-saww would have named, and gestured towards them with their elders, and if I-asws had desired to point upon them I-saww would have pointed. But, with regards to their matter, I-saww have been gracious, and all that Allah-azwj is not Pleased from me-saww until I-saww deliver what He-azwj Revealed unto me-saww, so He-azwj Said: O you Rasool! Deliver what has been Revealed unto you from your Lord; and if you don’t do so, then you have not delivered His Message, and Allah will Protect you from the people [5:67] – the Verse.
فاعلموا- معاشر الناس- و افهموه، و اعلموا أن الله قد نصبه لكم وليا و إماما، مفترضة طاعته على المهاجرين و الأنصار، و على التابعين لهم بإحسان، و على البادي و الحاضر، و الأعجمي و العربي، و الحر و المملوك، و الصغير و الكبير، و على الأبيض و الأسود، و على كل موحد
Therefore know – group of people – and understand it, and know that Allah-azwj has Nominated him-asws for you all as a Guardian-asws and an Imam-asws of Obligatory obedience, upon the Emigrants and the Helpers, and upon those following them with goodness, and upon the Bedouins present, and the non-Arabs and the Arabs, and the free and the slaves, and the young and the old, and upon the white and the black, and upon every believer in Tawheed.
ماض حكمه، جائز قوله، نافذ أمره، ملعون من خالفه، مرحوم من تبعه، مؤمن من صدقه، قد غفر الله لمن سمع و أطاع له
His-azwj Judgment would be accomplished and His-azwj Word is Law, and His-azwj Command would be implemented. Accursed is the one who opposes it, Mercied is the one who follows it, Momin is the one who ratifies it. Allah-azwj has Forgiven (the sins) of the one who heard and is obedient to him-asws.
معاشر الناس، إنه آخر مقام أقومه في هذا المشهد، فاسمعوا و أطيعوا و انقادوا لأمر ربكم، فإن الله عز و جل هو مولاكم و إلهكم، ثم من دونه رسوله محمد وليكم القائم المخاطب لكم، ثم من بعدي علي وليكم و إمامكم بأمر من الله ربكم، ثم الإمامة في الذين من صلبه إلى يوم يلقون الله و رسوله
Group of people! It is the last place I-saww am establishing him-asws in this landscape, therefore hear and obey and be led to the Command of your Lord-azwj, for Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, He-azwj is your Master and your God, then from besides Him-azwj is His-azwj Rasool-saww Muhammad-saww, being your Master, standing addressing you all, then from after me-asws Ali-asws is your Master and your Imam-asws by a Command from Allah-azwj your Lord-azwj. Then the Imamate would be in those from his-asws lineage up to the Day they-asws would be meeting Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww.
لا حلال إلا ما أحله الله، و لا حرام إلا ما حرمه الله، عرفني الحلال و الحرام، و أنا قضيت مما علمني ربي من كتابه و حلاله و حرامه إليه
There is neither a Permissible except what Allah-azwj Permitted, nor a Prohibition except what Allah-azwj Prohibited. He-azwj Caused me-saww to recognise the Permissible(s) and the Prohibitions, and I-saww judge from what my-saww Lord-azwj Taught me-saww from His-azwj Book, and its Permissible and its Prohibition is to Him-azwj.
معاشر الناس، ما من علم إلا و قد أحصاه الله في، و كل علم علمت فقد أحصيته في إمام المتقين، ما من علم إلا علمته عليا و هو الإمام المبين
Group of people! There is none from a knowledge except Allah-azwj has Placed it in me-saww, and every knowledge I-saww learnt so I-saww have placed it in the Imam-asws of the pious. There is none from a knowledge except I-saww taught it to Ali-asws, and he-asws is the clear Imam-asws.
معاشر الناس، لا تضلوا عنه، و لا تنفروا منه، و لا تستنكفوا من ولايته، فهو الذي يهدي إلى الحق و يعمل به، و يزهق الباطل و ينهى عنه، و لا تأخذه في الله لومة لائم، ثم إنه أول من آمن بالله و رسوله و الذي فدى رسول الله بنفسه، و الذي كان مع رسول الله و لا أحد يعبد الله مع رسوله من الرجال غيره
Group of the people! Do not stray away from him-asws, nor flee from him-asws, nor be disgusted from his-asws Wilayah, for he-asws is the one who would guide to the Truth and act in accordance with it, and he-asws obliterate the falsehood and forbid from it, and do not take an accusation from an accuser taking him-asws for the Sake of Allah-azwj. Then, he-asws is the first one to have believed in Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww, and the one who ransomed Rasool-Allah-saww with himself-asws, and the one who was with Rasool-Allah-saww (when) there was no one worshipping Allah-azwj along with His-azwj Rasool-saww from the men, apart from him-asws.
معاشر الناس، فضلوه فقد فضله الله، و اقبلوه فقد نصبه الله
Group of people! Prefer him-asws, for Allah-azwj has Preferred him-asws, and accept him-asws, for Allah-azwj has Appointed him-asws!
معاشر الناس، إنه إمام من الله، و لن يتوب الله على أحد أنكر ولايته، و لن يغفر الله له، حقا على الله أن يفعل ذلك بمن خالف أمره فيه، و أن يعذبه عذابا نكرا أبدا الآبدين و دهر الداهرين، فاحذروا أن تخالفوني فتصلوا نارا وقودها الناس و الحجارة أعدت للكافرين
Group of people! He-asws is an Imam-asws from Allah-azwj, and Allah-azwj will never Turn (with Mercy) to anyone who denies his-asws Wilayah, and will never Forgive (his sins) for him, being a right upon Allah-azwj that He-azwj Does that with the one who opposes His-azwj Command with regards to him-asws, and that He-azwj Punishes him with a terrible Punishment forever and ever, and ages and ages. Therefore be cautious of opposing me-saww for you will arrive at the Fire the fuel of it would be the people and the rocks, Prepared for the Kafirs.
أيها الناس، بي- و الله- بشر الأولون من النبيين و المرسلين، و أنا خاتم النبيين و المرسلين، و الحجة على جميع المخلوقين من أهل السماوات و الأرضين، فمن شك في ذلك فهو كافر، كفر الجاهلية الاولى، و من شك في قولي هذا فقد شك في الكل منه، و الشك في ذلك فهو في النار
O you people! By Allah-azwj, it is the glad tidings of the former ones from the Prophets-as and the Mursils-as, and I-saww am the last of the Prophets-as and the Mursils-as, and the Divine Authority upon the entirety of the creatures from the inhabitants of the skies and the earths. So, the one who doubts in that, then his is a Kafir, the Kufr of the former Pre-Islamic period, and the one who doubts in these words of mine-saww so he has doubted in everything from Him-azwj, and the doubter in that, so he would be in the Fire.
معاشر الناس، حباني الله بهذه الفضيلة منا منه علي، و إحسانا منه إلي، و لا إله إلا هو، له الحمد مني أبد الآبدين و دهر الداهرين على كل حال
Group of people! Allah-azwj Gifted me-saww with this merit as a Conferment from Him-azwj upon me-saww, and as a Favour from Him-azwj to me-saww, and there is no god except Him-azwj. For Him-azwj is the Praise from me-saww forever and ever and for ages and ages, upon every state.
معاشر الناس، فضلوا عليا فإنه أفضل الناس بعدي من ذكر و أنثى، بنا أنزل الله الرزق و بقي الخلق. ملعون ملعون، مغضوب مغضوب على من رد علي قولي هذا
Group of people! Prefer Ali-asws for he-asws is the most superior of the people after me-saww, from the males and females. Through us-asws Allah-azwj Sends down the sustenance and the remaining of the creatures. Accursed! Accursed! (I-saww am) angered upon, angered upon the one who rejects upon me-saww these words of mine-saww.
ألا إن جبرئيل خبرني عن الله بذلك، و يقول: من عادى عليا و لم يتوله فعليه لعنتي و غضبي فلتنظر نفس ما قدمت لغد و اتقوا الله أن تخالفوا فتزل قدم بعد ثبوتها، إن الله خبير ما تعملون
Indeed! Jibraeel-as informed me-saww on behalf of Allah-azwj with that, and He-azwj is Saying: “The one who is inimical to Ali-asws and does not befriend him-asws, so upon him is My-azwj Curse and My-azwj Wrath”. Therefore let (every) person consider what he has sent forward for tomorrow, and fear Allah-azwj from opposing, for the feet would waver after their affirmation. Surely, Allah-azwj is Aware of what you are doing.
معاشر الناس، تدبروا القرآن، و افهموا آياته و محكماته، و لا تتبعوا متشابهه، فو الله لن يبين لكم زواجره و لا يوضح لكم تفسيره إلا الذي أنا آخذ بيده، و مصعده إلي و شائل بعضده، و معلمكم أن من كنت مولاه فهذا علي مولاه، و هو علي بن أبي طالب أخي و وصيي، و موالاته من الله تعالى، أنزلها علي
Group of people! Ponder in the Quran and understands its Verses and its Ordinances, and do not be pursuing its allegorical, for by Allah-azwj, its Meanings would not be explained to you nor would its interpretation be clear for you except by the one whose hand I-saww grab, and ascend him-asws to me-saww and extend his-asws forearms, and teach you all that the one whose Master I-saww was, so this Ali-asws is his Master, and he-asws is Ali Bin Abu Talib-asws, my-saww brother and my-saww successor, and his Mastership is from Allah-azwj the Exalted, having been Revealed unto me-saww.
معاشر الناس، إنه جنب الله الذي ذكر في كتابه يا حَسْرَتى عَلى ما فَرَّطْتُ فِي جَنْبِ اللَّهِ
Group of people! He-asws is the Side of Allah-azwj who is Mentioned in His-azwj Book: O my regret upon what I neglected regarding the Side of Allah [39:56].
معاشر الناس، إن عليا و الطيبين من ولدي هم الثقل الأصغر، و القرآن هو الثقل الأكبر، و كل واحد منهما منبئ عن صاحبه، موافق له، لن يفترقا حتى يردا علي الحوض، أمناء لله في خلقه، و حكماؤه في أرضه
Group of people! Ali-asws and the goodly one from my-saww sons-asws they are the smaller weighty thing, and the Quran, it is the larger weighty thing, and each one of the two is a predictor on behalf of its counterpart, being harmonious to it. These two will never separate until they return to me-saww at the Fountain. They-asws are the trustees of Allah-azwj among His-azwj creatures, and His-azwj judges in His-azwj earth.
ألا و إن الله عز و جل قال، و أنا قلته عن الله عز و جل، ألا و قد أديت، ألا و قد بلغت، ألا و قد أسمعت، ألا و قد أوضحت، ألا و إنه ليس أمير المؤمنين غير أخي هذا، و لا تحل إمرة المؤمنين بعدي لأحد غيره
Indeed! And surely Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said, and I-saww say it one behalf of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic. Indeed! And I-saww have performed. Indeed! And I-saww have delivered. Indeed! And I-saww have made it to be heard. Indeed! And I-saww have clarified. Indeed! And it is so that there isn’t an Emir of the Momineen apart from this brother-asws of mine-saww, and the Emirate of the Momineen is not Permissible after me-saww for anyone apart from him-asws’.
ثم ضرب بيده على عضد علي فرفعه، و كان أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) منذ أول ما صعد رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) قد شال عليا (عليه السلام) حتى صارت رجلاه مع ركبة رسول الله (صلوات الله عليهما)
Then he-saww struck his-saww hand upon a shoulder of Ali-asws and raised him-asws. And it was so that Amir Al-Momineen-asws, since the beginning of Rasool-Allah-saww ascending him-asws, Ali-asws was such to the extent that his-asws legs came to be with the knees of Rasool-Allah-saww.
ثم قال: معاشر الناس، هذا علي أخي و وصيي، و واعي علمي، و خليفتي على امتي، و على تفسير كتاب الله عز و جل، و الداعي إليه، و العامل بما يرضاه، و المحارب لأعدائه و الموالي على طاعته، و الناهي عن معصيته، خليفة رسول الله، و أمير المؤمنين و الإمام الهادي بأمر الله، و قاتل الناكثين و القاسطين و المارقين بأمر الله
Then he-saww said: ‘Group of people! This Ali-asws is my-saww brother and my-saww successor, and a retainer of my-saww knowledge, and my-saww Caliph upon my-saww community and upon the interpretation of the Book of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and the caller to it, and the worker with what Pleases Him-azwj, and the warrior to His-azwj enemies, and the loyal upon obeying Him-azwj, and the forbidder from His-azwj disobedience, a Caliph of Rasool-Allah-saww, and Emir of the Momineen, and the Imam-asws of Guidance by the Command of Allah-azwj, and a fighter of the breakers (of the Covenant), and the faithless ones, and the renegades, by the Command of Allah-azwj.
أقول: مما يبدل القول لدي بأمر ربي، أقول: اللهم وال من والاه، و عاد من عاداه، و العن من أنكره و جحد حقه، و اغضب على من جحده
I-saww am saying, from what replaces the Words from me by the Command of my-saww Lord-azwj. I-saww am saying: ‘O Allah-azwj! Befriend the one who befriends him-asws, and be Inimical to the one who is inimical to him-asws, and Curse the one who denies him-asws and rejects his-asws right, and be Wrathful upon the one who rejects him-asws.
اللهم إنك أنت أنزلت الإمامة لعلي وليك عند تبيين ذلك بتفضيلك إياه بما أكملت لعبادك من دينهم، و أتممت عليهم نعمتك و رضيت لهم الإسلام دينا، فقلت: وَ مَنْ يَبْتَغِ غَيْرَ الْإِسْلامِ دِيناً فَلَنْ يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ وَ هُوَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنَ الْخاسِرِينَ اللهم إني أشهدك أني قد بلغت
O Allah-azwj! Surely You-azwj Revealed the Imamate for Ali-asws, Your-azwj Guardian-asws during Your-azwj Indicating that by Your-azwj Preferring him-asws with what You-azwj Perfected for Your-azwj servants of their Religion, and Completing Your Favours upon them, and being Pleased for them with Al Islam as a Religion. So I-saww say: And the one who seeks other than Islam as a Religion, it will never be Accepted from him, and in the Hereafter he would be from the losers [3:85]. O Allah-azwj! Be Witness that I-saww have delivered.
معاشر الناس، إنما أكمل الله عز و جل دينكم بإمامته، فمن لم يأتم به و بمن كان من ولدي من صلبه إلى يوم القيامة و العرض على الله تعالى، فأولئك حَبِطَتْ أَعْمالُهُمْ وَ فِي النَّارِ هُمْ خالِدُونَ لا يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُمُ الْعَذابُ وَ لا هُمْ يُنْظَرُونَ
Group of people! But rather, Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Perfected your Religion by his-asws Imamate. So the one who does not make an Imam-asws with him-asws, and with the ones-asws from my-saww sons-asws from his-asws lineage up to the Day of Judgment, and objects upon Allah-azwj the Exalted, these it is whose deeds would be nullified, and in the Fire they shall be abiding eternally [9:17] their Punishment will neither be Lightened from them nor shall they be given Respite [3:88].
معاشر الناس، هذا علي، أنصركم لي، و أحق الناس بي، و أقربكم إلي، و أعزكم علي، و الله عز و جل و أنا عنه راضيان
Group of people! This is Ali-asws, most helpful one of you to me-saww, and most rightful of the people with me-saww, and the closest of you with me-saww, and more honourable of you to me-saww; and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic and I-saww are both pleased from him-asws.
و ما أنزلت آية رضا إلا فيه، و ما خاطب الله الذين آمنوا إلا بدأ به، و لا نزلت آية مدح في القرآن إلا فيه، و لا شهد الله بالجنة في هَلْ أَتى عَلَى الْإِنْسانِ إلا له، و لا أنزلها في سواه، و لا مدح بها غيره
And there was not Revealed a Verse of (Divine) Pleasure except regarding him-asws, and Allah-azwj did not Address those who believe except He-azwj Began with him-asws, nor was there a Verse of praise Revealed in the Quran except regarding him-asws, nor did Allah-azwj Testify with the Paradise in There surely came over the human being [76:1], except for him-asws, nor did He-azwj Reveal it regarding besides him-asws, nor Praise with it apart from him-asws.
معاشر الناس، هو ناصر دين الله، و المجادل عن الله، و هو التقي النقي الهادي المهدي، نبيكم خير نبي، و وصيكم خير وصي، و بنوه خير الأوصياء
Group of people! He-asws is the helper of the Religion of Allah-azwj, and the disputant on behalf of Allah-azwj, and he-asws is the pious, the pure, the guide, and Guided. Your Prophet-saww is the best Prophet-saww, and your successor-asws is the best successor, and his-asws sons-asws are the best successors-asws.
معاشر الناس، ذرية كل نبي من صلبه، و ذريتي من صلب علي
Group of people! The offspring of every Prophet-saww is from his-saww lineage, and my-saww offspring is from the lineage of Ali-asws.
معاشر الناس، إن إبليس أخرج آدم من الجنة بالحسد، فلا تحسدوه، فتحبط أعمالكم و تزل أقدامكم، فإن آدم (عليه السلام) اهبط إلى الأرض بخطيئة واحدة، و هو صفوة الله تعالى، فكيف أنتم إن زللتم و أنتم عباد الله
Group of people! Iblees-la got Adam-as exited from the Paradise by envy, therefore do not envy him-asws, for your deeds would be Nullified and your feet would waver. Adam-as came down to the earth due to one mistake, and he-asws was an elite of Allah-azwj the Exalted, so how about you if you were to err and you are (ordinary) servants of Allah-azwj!
ما يبغض عليا إلا شقي، و لا يتولى عليا إلا تقي، و لا يؤمن به إلا مؤمن مخلص، في علي و الله أنزلت سورة العصر بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ وَ الْعَصْرِ إِنَّ الْإِنْسانَ لَفِي خُسْرٍ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ عَمِلُوا الصَّالِحاتِ وَ تَواصَوْا بِالْحَقِ وَ تَواصَوْا بِالصَّبْرِ
None would hate Ali-asws except for a wretch, nor befriend Ali-asws except for a pious one, nor believe in him-asws except for a sincere Momin. Regarding Ali-asws, by Allah-azwj, Surah Al-Asr was Revealed I swear by the time [103:1] Surely the human being is in loss [103:2] Except those who are believing and are doing righteous deeds, and are exhorting with the truth and are exhorting with the patience [103:3].
معاشر الناس، قد أشهدت الله و بلغتكم الرسالة، وَ ما عَلَى الرَّسُولِ إِلَّا الْبَلاغُ الْمُبِينُ
Group of people! I-saww kept Allah-azwj as Witness and delivered to you the Message, and nothing is incumbent upon the Rasool except the clear delivery (of the Message) [29:18].
معاشر الناس، اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ تُقاتِهِ وَ لا تَمُوتُنَّ إِلَّا وَ أَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ
Group of people! O you who believe! Fear Allah as is His right to be feared and do not be dying except and you are submitters [3:102]
معاشر الناس، آمنوا بالله و رسوله و النور الذي انزل معه مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ نَطْمِسَ وُجُوهاً فَنَرُدَّها عَلى أَدْبارِها
Group of people! Believe in Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww and the Light which descended with him-saww before We Alter faces then turn them on their backs [4:47].
معاشر الناس، النور من الله عز و جل في، ثم مسلوك في علي، ثم في النسل منه إلى القائم المهدي الذي يأخذ بحق الله و بحق كل مؤمن، لأن الله عز و جل قد جعلنا حجة على المقصرين و المعاندين و المخالفين و الخائنين و الآثمين و الظالمين من جميع العالمين
Group of people! The Light from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is in me-saww, then it travelled into Ali-asws, then it would be in the lineage from him-asws up to Al-Qaim-asws, the Mahdi-asws who would be taking with the Right of Allah-azwj and with the rights of every Momin, because Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic has Made us-asws the Divine Authorities upon the derogators and the stubborn ones, and the adversaries, and the treacherous, and the sinners, and the oppressors from the entirety of the worlds.
معاشر الناس، إني رسول الله قد خلت من قبلي الرسل أ فإن مت أو قتلت انقلبتم على أعقابكم و من ينقلب على عقبيه فلن يضر الله شيئا و سيجزي الله الشاكرين الصابرين ألا إن عليا الموصوف بالصبر و الشكر ثم من بعده ولدي من صلبه
Group of people! I-saww am a Rasool-saww of Allah-azwj. There have passed from before me-saww, (many) Rasools-as. So if I-saww was to pass away or am killed, will you be turning upon your heels? And the one who turns back upon his heels, he will never harm Allah of anything and Allah would be Recompensing the grateful [3:144], the patient ones. Indeed! Ali-asws is the one described with the patience and the gratefulness. Then from after him-asws are my-saww sons-asws from his-asws lineage.
معاشر الناس، لا تمنوا علي بإسلامكم فيسخط الله عليكم، فيصيبكم بعذاب من عنده، إن ربك لبالمرصاد
Group of people! Do not be considering it a favour upon me-saww with your Islam, for Allah-azwj would be Wrathful upon you, and He-azwj would Hitting you with a Punishment from His-azwj Presence. Most surely your Lord is awaiting [89:14].
معاشر الناس، سيكون من بعدي أئمة يدعون إلى النار، و يوم القيامة لا ينصرون
Group of people! There would be coming from after me-saww, imams calling to the Fire, and on the Day of Judgment they would not be helping (anyone).
معاشر الناس، إن الله و أنا بريئان منهم
Group of people! Allah-azwj and I-saww are disavowing from them.
معاشر الناس، إنهم و أنصارهم و أشياعهم و أتباعهم في الدرك الأسفل من النار، و لبئس مثوى المتكبرين
Group of people! They, and their helpers, and their adherents, and their followers, would be in the lowest Level of the Fire, and it is an evil abode of the arrogant ones.
معاشر الناس، إني أدعها إمامة و وراثة في عقبي إلى يوم القيامة، و قد بلغت ما بلغت حجة على كل حاضر و غائب، و على كل أحد ممن شهد أو لم يشهد، و ولد أو لم يولد، فليبلغ الحاضر الغائب، و الوالد الولد إلى يوم القيامة
Group of people! I-saww am leaving Imamate and succession to be in my-saww posterity up to the Day of Judgment, and I-saww have delivered what I-saww delivered as being a proof upon all present and absent, and upon everyone from the ones who witnessed and did not witness, and have been born and not yet born. Therefore, let the one present deliver it to the absentee, and the parent to the child up to the Day of Judgment.
و سيجعلونها ملكا و اغتصابا، ألا لعن الله الغاصبين و المغتصبين، و عندها سنفرغ لكم أيها الثقلان فيرسل عليكما شواظ من نار و نحاس فلا تنتصران
And they (hypocrites) would be making it a kingdom and usurping it. Indeed! May Allah-azwj Curse the usurpers and the prejudicial, and during it Soon We shall Deal with you (with) the two weighty things! [55:31] The flames of fire and smoke will be sent on you two, then the two of you will not be able to help yourselves [55:35].
معاشر الناس، إن الله عز و جل لم يكن يذركم على ما أنتم عليه حتى يميز الخبيث من الطيب، و ما كان الله ليطلعكم على الغيب
Group of people! Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic did not Happen to Mention you as per what you are upon until He-azwj Differentiates between the bad and the good, and it was not for Allah-azwj that He-azwj Notifies you upon the hidden (matters).
معاشر الناس، إنه ما من قرية إلا و الله مهلكها بتكذيبها، و كذلك يهلك القرى و هي ظالمة كما ذكر الله عز و جل، و هذا إمامكم و وليكم و هو مواعد الله و الله يصدق وعده
Group of people! It is such that there is none from a town except Allah-azwj Destroyed it due to its belying, and similar to that He-azwj would Destroy the town and it is unjust just as Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Mentioned, and this is your Imam-asws and your Master, and it is the Promise of Allah-azwj, and Allah-azwj would Make His-azwj Promise come true.
معاشر الناس، قد ضل قبلكم أكثر الأولين، و الله قد أهلك الأولين و هو مهلك الآخرين، قال الله تعالى: أَ لَمْ نُهْلِكِ الْأَوَّلِينَ ثُمَّ نُتْبِعُهُمُ الْآخِرِينَ كَذلِكَ نَفْعَلُ بِالْمُجْرِمِينَ وَيْلٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلْمُكَذِّبِينَ
Group of people! There have strayed before you most of the former ones, and Allah-azwj has Destroyed the former ones and He-azwj would Destroy the latter ones. Allah-azwj the Exalted Said: Did We not destroy the former ones? [77:16] Then did We follow them up with latter ones [77:17] Similar to that We would Deal with the criminals [77:18] Woe on that day to the beliers [77:19]
معاشر الناس، إن الله قد أمرني و نهاني، و قد أمرت عليا و نهيته، و علم الأمر و النهي من ربه عز و جل، فاسمعوا لأمره و انتهوا لنهيه، و صيروا إلى مراده، و لا تتفرق بكم السبل عن سبيله
Group of people! Allah-azwj has Commanded me-asws and Forbidden me-saww, and has Commanded Ali-asws and has Forbidden him-asws. And know, the Commanding and the Forbidding is from his-asws Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic, therefore listen to his-asws orders and end at his-asws forbidding, and come to be to his-asws purpose, and let not the way separate with you from his-asws way.
أنا صراط الله المستقيم الذي أمركم باتباعه، ثم علي من بعدي، ثم ولدي من صلبه أئمة يهدون بالحق و به يعدلون
I-saww am the Straight Path of Allah-azwj which He-azwj Commanded you with following it, then it is Ali-asws from after me-saww, then it would be my-saww sons-asws from his-asws lineage, Imams-asws who would be guiding with the truth and by it they-asws would be dealing out justice.
ثم قرأ (صلى الله عليه و آله) الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ إلى آخرها، و قال: في نزلت، و فيهم نزلت، و لهم عمت، و إياهم خصت، أولئك أولياء الله لا خوف عليهم و لا هم يحزنون ألا إن حزب الله هم الغالبون
Then he-saww recited All Praise is for Allah [1:2] (Surah Al-Hamd) up to its end, and said: ‘(It was) Revealed regarding me-saww and (it was) Revealed regarding them-asws, and for them (people) is the general, and they-asws are the special. They-asws are the Guardians-asws of Allah-azwj [10:62] they shall have no fear nor shall they be grieving [10:63]. Indeed! then surely the party of Allah are they that shall be triumphant [5:56].
ألا إن أعداءهم أهل الشقاق الحادون العادون و إخوان الشياطين الذين يُوحِي بَعْضُهُمْ إِلى بَعْضٍ زُخْرُفَ الْقَوْلِ غُرُوراً
Indeed! Their-asws enemies are the people of discord, renegades, transgressors, and brethren of the satans-la suggesting to each other flowery words to deceive [6:112].
ألا إن أولياءهم هم المؤمنون الذين ذكرهم الله في كتابه، فقال تعالى: لا تَجِدُ قَوْماً يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَ الْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ يُوادُّونَ مَنْ حَادَّ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ إلى آخر الآية
Indeed! Their-asws friends, they are the Momineen whom Allah-azwj Mentioned in His-azwj Book, so He-azwj Said: You shall not find a people who believe in Allah and the Last Day befriending those who oppose Allah and His Rasool [58:22] – up to the end of the Verse.
ألا إن أولياءهم الذين وصفهم الله عز و جل، فقال: الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَ لَمْ يَلْبِسُوا إِيمانَهُمْ بِظُلْمٍ أُولئِكَ لَهُمُ الْأَمْنُ وَ هُمْ مُهْتَدُونَ
Indeed! Their-asws friends are those whom Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Described in His-azwj Book, so He-azwj Said: Those who are believing and are not mixing their Eman with injustice, they, for them is the security and they are the rightly guided [6:82].
ألا إن أولياءهم الذين آمنوا و لم يرتابوا
Indeed! Their-asws friends are those who are believing and those who are believing and are not doubting [49:15].
ألا إن أولياءهم هم الذين يدخلون الجنة آمنين و تتلقاهم الملائكة بالتسليم أن طِبْتُمْ فَادْخُلُوها خالِدِينَ
Indeed! Their-asws friends, they are those who would be entering the Paradise securely and the Angels would meet them with the greetings, ‘You were good, so enter it for eternity’ [39:73].
ألا إن أولياءهم هم الذين قال الله عز و جل: يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ يُرْزَقُونَ فِيها بِغَيْرِ حِسابٍ
Indeed! Their-asws friends, they are those for whom Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: those shall be entering the Paradise. They would be sustained therein without measure [40:40].
ألا إن أعداءهم الذين يصلون سعيرا
Indeed! Their-asws enemies are those arriving at the Blazing Fire [4:10].
ألا إن أعداءهم الذين يسمعون لجهنم شهيقا و هي تفور، و لها زفير كُلَّما دَخَلَتْ أُمَّةٌ لَعَنَتْ أُخْتَها الآية
Indeed! Their-asws enemies are those whenever a community shall enter, it shall curse its sister (community) [7:38] – the Verse,
ألا إن أعداءهم الذين قال الله عز و جل: كُلَّما أُلْقِيَ فِيها فَوْجٌ سَأَلَهُمْ خَزَنَتُها أَ لَمْ يَأْتِكُمْ نَذِيرٌ قالُوا بَلى
Indeed! Their-asws enemies are those (for whom) Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Said: Whenever a crowd is cast into it, its keeper would ask them: ‘Did there not come to you a warner?’ [67:8] They would say: ‘Yes!’ [67:9].
ألا إن أولياءهم الَّذِينَ يَخْشَوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ بِالْغَيْبِ لَهُمْ مَغْفِرَةٌ وَ أَجْرٌ كَبِيرٌ
Indeed! Their-asws friends are those who are fearing their Lord in the privacy. For them would be Forgiveness and a great Recompense [67:12].
معاشر الناس، شتان ما بين السعير و الجنة، عدونا من ذمه الله و لعنه، و ولينا من مدحه الله و أحبه
Group of people! There is a big difference in what is between the Blazing Fire and the Paradise. Our-asws enemy is the one whom Allah-azwj Condemned and Cursed him, and our-asws friend is the one whom Allah-azwj Praised and Loves him.
معاشر الناس، ألا و إني منذر، و علي هاد
Group of people! Indeed! And I-saww am a warner and Ali-asws is a Guide.
معاشر الناس، إني نبي، و علي وصيي
Group of people! I-saww am a Prophet-saww, and Ali-asws is my-saww successor-asws.
ألا إن خاتم الأئمة منا القائم المهدي، ألا إنه الظاهر على الدين، ألا إنه المنتقم من الظالمين، ألا إنه فاتح الحصون و هادمها
Indeed! The last of the Imams-asws from us-asws is Al-Qaim Al-Mahdi-asws. Indeed! He-asws is the face upon the Religion. Indeed! He-azwj would be taking revenge from the oppressors. Indeed! He-asws would be conquering the forts and demolishing these.
ألا إنه فاتح كل قبيلة من الشرك، ألا إنه مدرك لكل ثار لأولياء الله عز و جل، ألا إنه الناصر لدين الله عز و جل، ألا إنه الغراف من بحر عميق
Indeed! He-asws would be conquering every tribe from the Polytheism. Indeed! He-asws would be aware of every mutiny against the friends of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic. Indeed! He-asws is the helper to the Religion of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic. Indeed! He-asws is the jewel of the deep sea.
ألا إنه يسم كل ذي فضل بفضله، و كل ذي جهل بجهله، ألا إنه خيرة الله و مختاره، ألا إنه وارث كل علم و المحيط بكل فهم
Indeed! He-asws would name everyone with merit by his merit, and everyone with ignorance with his ignorance. Indeed! He-asws is the best of Allah-azwj and His-azwj Choice. Indeed! He-asws is the inheritor of every knowledge and encompassing with every understanding.
ألا إنه المخبر عن ربه عز و جل، و المنبه «1» لأمر إيمانه، ألا إنه الرشيد السديد، ألا إنه المفوض إليه، ألا إنه قد بشر به من سلف بين يديه
Indeed! He is the Informed one from his-asws Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and the His-azwj Notified one for the matter of his-asws Eman. Indeed! He-asws is the rightful guide and the unerring. Indeed! He-asws is the delegated to. Indeed! He-asws is the one given the glad tidings with from the ancestors in front of him-asws.
ألا إنه الباقي حجة و لا حجة بعده، و لا حق إلا معه، و لا نور إلا عنده، ألا إنه لا غالب له، و لا منصور عليه، ألا إنه ولي الله في أرضه، و حكمه في خلقه، و أمينه في سره و علانيته
Indeed! He-asws is the remaining Divine Authority, and there would be no Divine Authority after him-asws, nor any right except with him-asws, nor a light except with him-asws. Indeed! He-asws is one there is no one who can overcome him-asws, nor any helped one against him-asws. Indeed! He-asws is the Guardian of Allah-azwj in His-azwj earth, and His-azwj Trustee regarding His-azwj Secrets and His-azwj public matters.
معاشر الناس، قد بينت لكم و أفهمتكم، و هذا علي يفهمكم بعدي، ألا و إني عند انقضاء خطبتي أدعوكم إلى مصافقتي على بيعته و الإقرار به، ثم مصافقته من بعدي، ألا و إني قد بايعت الله، و علي قد بايعني، و أنا آخذكم بالبيعة له عن الله عز و جل فَمَنْ نَكَثَ فَإِنَّما يَنْكُثُ عَلى نَفْسِهِ الآية
Group of people! I-saww have explained to you all and have made you understand, and this Ali-asws would make you understand after me-saww. Indeed! And I-saww am at the expiration of my-saww sermon. I-saww call you to shake my-saww hand upon his-asws allegiance and the acceptance with him-asws, then shake his-asws hand from after me-saww. Indeed! And I-saww have pledge allegiance to Allah-azwj, and Ali-asws has pledged allegiance to me-saww, and I-saww am seizing you all with pledging allegiance to him-asws from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic: Therefore whoever breaks (his faith), he breaks it only against himself [48:10] – the Verse.
معاشر الناس، إِنَّ الصَّفا وَ الْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعائِرِ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَيْتَ أَوِ اعْتَمَرَ «4» الآية
Group of people! Surely Al-Safa and Al-Marwa are among the Rituals of Allah; so whoever performs Hajj of the House or Umrah [2:158] – the Verse.
معاشر الناس، حجوا البيت، فما ورده أهل بيت إلا نموا و تناسلوا، و لا تخلفوا عنه إلا بتروا و افترقوا
Group of people! Perform Hajj of the House (Kabah), for the people of the House will not be responded with except by growth and offspring, nor will they be opposing from it except they would be cut off and would separate.
معاشر الناس، ما وقف بالموقف مؤمن إلا غفر الله له ما سلف من ذنبه إلى وقته ذلك، فإذا انقضت حجته استأنف عمله
Group of people! A Momin will not pause at a juncture except Allah-azwj would Forgive for him whatever has passed from his sins up to that time. So when he fulfils his Hajj, he would resume his work (with zero sins).
معاشر الناس، الحجاج معانون، و نفقاتهم مخلفة، و الله لا يضيع أجر المحسنين
Group of people! The Pilgrims are assisted ones, and their expenditure is replaced, and Allah does not Waste the Recompense of the benefactors [11:115].
معاشر الناس، حجوا بكمال الدين و التفقه، و لا تنصرفوا عن المشاهد إلا بتوبة و إقلاع
Group of people! Perform Hajj with the perfection of the Religion and the understanding, and do not be dispersing from the Monuments except with repentance and the shedding of sins.
معاشر الناس، أقيموا الصلاة و آتوا الزكاة، كما أمركم الله عز و جل، فإن طال عليكم الأمد فقصرتم أو نسيتم فعلي وليكم و مبين لكم، الذي نصبه الله عز و جل بعدي لكم و من خلّفه الله مني و منه يخبركم بما تسألون، و يبين لكم ما لا تعلمون
Group of people! Establish the Salat and give the Zakat, just as Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Commanded you. So if the term is prolonged upon you, so you either shorten or forget, so Ali-asws is your Master and an explainer for you, whom Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Appointed for you after me-saww, and the one whom Allah-azwj Made a Caliph from me-saww and from Him-azwj. He-asws would inform you with whatever you ask him-asws, and explain to you what you are not knowing.
ألا إن الحلال و الحرام أكثر من أن أحصيهما و اعرفهما. فآمر بالحلال و أنهى عن الحرام في مقام واحد، و أمرت أن آخذ البيعة عليكم و الصفقة لكم بقبول ما جئت به عن الله عز و جل في علي أمير المؤمنين و الأئمة من بعده، الذين هم مني و منه، الإمامة قائمة فيهم، خاتمها المهدي، إلى يوم القيامة، الذي يقضي بالحق
Indeed! The Permissible(s) and the Prohibitions are more than can be counted and recognised, so He-azwj Commanded with the Permissible and Forbid from the Prohibition in one place, and Commanded that the allegiance be taken upon you, and the agreement to you with the acceptance of whatever I-saww have come with from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic with regards to Ali-asws, Emir of the Momineen, and the Imams-asws from after him-asws, those who are from me-saww and from Him-azwj. The Imamate is established among them-asws, the last of them-asws being Al Mahdi-asws, up to the Day of Judgment, who would judge with the truth.
معاشر الناس، و كل حلال دللتكم عليه، و كل حرام نهيتكم عنه، فإني لم أرجع عن ذلك و لم أبدل
Group of people! And every Permissible I-saww have pointed upon it for you, and every Prohibition I-saww have forbidden you from it. I-azwj will not retract from that and with not change.
ألا فاذكروا ذلك و احفظوه و تواصوا به، و لا تبدلوه، ألا و إني أجدد القول، ألا فأقيموا الصلاة و آتوا الزكاة و أمروا بالمعروف و انهوا عن المنكر
Indeed! So, remember that and memorise it and exhort (others) with it, and do not change it. Indeed! I-saww shall renew the words. Indeed! Establish the Salat and give the Zakat and enjoin with the goodness and forbid from the evil.
ألا و إن رأس الأمر بالمعروف و النهي عن المنكر أن تنتهوا إلى قولي و تبلغوه من لم يحضر، و تأمروه بقبوله، و تنهوه عن مخالفته، فإنه أمر من الله عز و جل و مني معا، و لا أمر بمعروف و لا نهي عن منكر إلا مع إمام
Indeed! And the chief of the enjoining with the goodness and forbidding from the evil is that you end up to my-saww words and deliver it to the one who is not present, and instruct him with accepting it, and forbid him from opposing it, for it is a Command from Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and from me-saww along with Him-azwj, and there is neither an enjoining with the goodness nor a forbidding from the evil except with an Imam-asws.
معاشر الناس، القرآن يعرفكم أن الأئمة من بعده ولده، و عرفتكم أنهم مني و منه حيث يقول الله عز و جل: وَ جَعَلَها كَلِمَةً باقِيَةً فِي عَقِبِهِ «3» و لن تضلوا ما إن تمسكتم بهما
Group of people! The Quran acquaints you all that the Imams-asws from after him-asws are his-asws sons-asws, and acquaints you all that they-asws are from me-saww and from Him-azwj where Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying: And He Made it a remaining Word in his posterity [43:28], and you will never stray for as long as you adhere with these two (Qur’an and Ahl Al-Bayt-asws).
معاشر الناس، اتقوا الله و احذروا الساعة كما قال الله تعالى: إِنَّ زَلْزَلَةَ السَّاعَةِ شَيْءٌ عَظِيمٌ اذكروا الممات و الحساب و الموازين و المحاسبة بين يدي رب العالمين، و الثواب و العقاب، فمن جاء بالحسنة أثيب، و من جاء بالسيئة فليس له في الجنان من نصيب
Group of people! Fear Allah-azwj and be cautioned of the Hour just as Allah-azwj the Exalted Said: the tremor of the Hour is a grievous thing [22:1]. Remember the deaths, and the Reckoning, and the scales, and the accounting in front of the Lord-azwj of the worlds, and the Rewards, and the Punishment. Thus, the one who come with the good deeds would be Rewarded, and the one who comes with the evil deeds, so there wouldn’t be for him in the Gardens, a share.
معاشر الناس، إنكم أكثر من أن تصافقوني بكف واحدة، و أمرني الله عز و جل أن آخذ من ألسنتكم الإقرار بما عقد لعلي بإمرة المؤمنين، و من جاء بعده من الأئمة مني و منه على ما أعلمتكم أن ذريتي من صلبه
Group of people! You are too many to shake my-saww hand with one palm, and Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic Commanded me-saww that I-saww take from your tongues, the acceptance with what I-saww have covenanted for Ali-asws as Emir of the Momineen, and the one who comes after him-asws from the Imams-asws from me-asws and from him-asws upon what I-saww made it known to you that they-asws are my-saww offspring from his-asws linage’.
فقولوا بأجمعكم: إنا سامعون مطيعون راضون منقادون لما بلغت من أمر ربنا و ربك في أمر علي أمير المؤمنين و أمر ولده من صلبه من الأئمة
You should be saying in unison, ‘We are listening, obeying, pleased, submissive to what you-saww delivered from the Command of our Lord-azwj and your-saww Lord-azwj regarding the matter of Ali-asws being the Emir of the Momineen, and the matter of his-asws sons-asws from his-asws lineage from the Imams-asws.
نبايعك على ذلك بقلوبنا و أنفسنا و ألسنتنا و أيدينا، على ذلك نحيا و نموت و نبعث، لا نغير و لا نبدل و لا نشك و لا نرتاب و لا نرجع عن عهد و لا ميثاق، و لا ننقض الميثاق
We hereby pledge allegiance upon that by our words, and ourselves, and our tongues, and our hands. Upon that we shall live, and would be dying, and be Resurrected. We will neither deceive, nor change, nor doubt, nor be dubious, nor retract from an agreement nor a covenant, nor will we break the Covenant.
نطيع الله و نطيعك و عليا أمير المؤمنين و ولده الأئمة الذين ذكرتهم من ذريتك من صلبه بعد الحسن و الحسين، اللذين قد عرفتكم مكانهما مني، و محلهما عندي، و منزلتهما من ربي عز و جل، فقد أديت ذاك إليكم، و إنهما لسيدا شباب أهل الجنة، و إنهما الإمامان بعد أبيهما علي و أنا أبوهما قبله
We shall obey Allah-azwj, and obey you-saww and Ali-asws Emir of the Momineen, and his-asws sons-asws, the Imams-asws, those whom you-saww mentioned are from your-saww offspring from his-asws lineage, after Al-Hassan-asws and Al-Husayn-asws, those whose positions you have been acquainted with from me-saww, and their places with me-saww, and their status from my-saww Lord-azwj Mighty and Majestic. So I-saww have deposited that to you all, and these two are the chief of the youths of the inhabitants of the Paradise, and they are the two Imams-asws after their-asws father-asws Ali-asws, and I-saww am their-asws father-saww before him-asws’.
فقولوا: أعطينا الله بذلك و إياك و عليا و الحسن و الحسين و الأئمة الذين ذكرت عهدا و ميثاقا مأخوذا لأمير المؤمنين من قلوبنا و أنفسنا و ألسنتنا، و مصافقة أيدينا- من أدركهما بيده، و إلا فقد أقر بهما بلسانه
Therefore, be saying, ‘We obey Allah-azwj with that, and you-saww, and Ali-asws, and Al-Hassan-asws, and Al-Husayn-asws, and the Imams-asws, those whom you-saww mentioned with a pact and a covenant, taken for Amir Al-Momineen-asws from our words, and ourselves, and our tongues, and shake our hand – from catching these two with his-asws hand, or else so we have accepted with these two by his tongue.
لا نبتغي بدلا، و لا يرى الله عز و جل من أنفسنا حولا أبدا، أشهدنا الله و كفى بالله شهيدا، و أنت علينا به شهيد، و كل من أطاع ممن ظهر و استتر و ملائكة الله و جنوده و عبيده و الله أكبر من كل شهيد
We shall neither seek a replacement, nor will Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic be Seeing from us are change, ever. We keep Allah-azwj as Witness and suffice with Allah-azwj as a Witness, and you-saww are upon us with it as a witness, and (so is) everyone who obeys, from the ones who are apparent, and veiled, and the Angels of Allah-azwj and His-azwj armies, and His-azwj servants, and Allah-azwj is Greater than every witness.
معاشر الناس، ما تقولون؟ فإن الله يعلم كل صوت، و خافية كل نفس، فمن اهتدى فلنفسه و من ضل فإنما يضل عليها، و من بايع فإنما يبايع الله يَدُ اللَّهِ فَوْقَ أَيْدِيهِمْ «1
Group of people! What are you saying? For Allah-azwj Knows every voice, and the hidden of every soul. The one who is guided, then it is for his own soul, and the one who strays, so rather he strayed upon it, and the one who pledges allegiance, so rather he is pledging allegiance to Allah-azwj, the hand of Allah is above their hands [48:10].
معاشر الناس، فاتقوا الله و بايعوا عليا أمير المؤمنين و الحسن و الحسين و الأئمة، كلمة باقية يهلك الله بها من غدر، و يرحم الله بها من وفى، فَمَنْ نَكَثَ فَإِنَّما يَنْكُثُ عَلى نَفْسِهِ وَ مَنْ أَوْفى بِما عاهَدَ عَلَيْهُ اللَّهَ فَسَيُؤْتِيهِ أَجْراً عَظِيماً
Group of people! Fear Allah-azwj and pledge allegiance to Ali-asws as Emir of the Momineen, and Al-Hassan-asws, and Al-Husayn-asws and the Imams-asws, a remaining Word [43:28]. Allah-azwj would Destroy by it the one who deceives, and Allah-azwj would be Merciful with it to the one who is loyal. Therefore whoever breaks, so rather he breaks against himself, and the one who is loyal with what Allah Covenanted upon him, then soon He would be Granting him a mighty Recompense [43:28].
معاشر الناس، قولوا الذي قلت لكم، و سلموا على علي بإمرة المؤمنين، و قولوا: سَمِعْنا وَ أَطَعْنا غُفْرانَكَ رَبَّنا وَ إِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُ «4» و قولوا: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي هَدانا لِهذا وَ ما كُنَّا لِنَهْتَدِيَ لَوْ لا أَنْ هَدانَا اللَّهُ
Group of people! Be saying that which I-saww said to you all, and greet upon Ali-asws as Emir of the Momineen, and you should be saying, ‘We hear and we obey. Yours is the Forgiveness, our Lord, and to You is the Destination’. [2:285]. And you should be saying, ‘All Praise is due to Allah Who Guided us to this, and we would not have found the Way had it not been that Allah had Guided us [7:43].
معاشر الناس، إن فضائل علي بن أبي طالب عند الله عز و جل، و قد أنزلها في القرآن، أكثر من أن أحصيها في مقام واحد، فمن أنبأكم بها و عرفها فصدقوه
Group of people! The merits of Ali Bin Abu Talib-asws are in the Presence of Allah-azwj Mighty and Majestic, and He-azwj has Revealed these in the Quran, more than can be counted in one place. So the one who informs you with these and acquaints (you) with these, ratify him.
معاشر الناس، من يطع الله و رسوله و عليا و الأئمة الذين ذكرتهم فقد فاز فوزا عظيما
Group of people! The one who obeys Allah-azwj, and His-azwj Rasool-saww, and Ali-asws, and the Imams-asws those mentioned, so he has succeeded with a great success.
معاشر الناس، السابقون السابقون إلى مبايعته و موالاته و التسليم عليه بإمرة المؤمنين أولئك هم الفائزون في جنات النعيم
Group of people! The foremost are the ones foremost to pledging his-asws allegiance and his-asws Mastership, and ones to greet upon him-asws as Emir of the Momineen, they would be the winners in the Gardens of Bliss.
معاشر الناس، قولوا ما يرضي الله عنكم من القول، فإن تكفروا أنتم و من في الأرض جميعا فلن يضر الله شيئا، اللهم اغفر للمؤمنين، و اعطب الكافرين، و الحمد لله رب العالمين
Group of people! Be saying what Allah-azwj would be Pleased from you, from the speech. But if you and the ones in the earth were to commit Kufr altogether, you will never be able to harm Allah-azwj of anything. O Allah-azwj! Forgive the Momineen, and Damage the Kafirs, and the Praise is for Allah-azwj, Lord-azwj of the worlds’.
فناداه القوم: نعم، سمعنا و أطعنا على ما أمر الله و رسوله بقلوبنا و ألسنتنا و أيدينا
The people called out, ‘Yes! We hear and we obey upon what Allah-azwj and His-azwj Rasool-saww commanded for, by our words, and our tongues, and our hands!’
و تداكوا على رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) و على علي (عليه السلام) و صافقوا بأيديهم، فكان أول من صافق رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) الأول و الثاني و الثالث و الرابع و الخامس، و باقي المهاجرين و الأنصار، و باقي الناس على قدر منازلهم، إلى أن صليت العشاء و العتمة في وقت واحد
And they thronged upon Rasool-Allah-saww and upon Ali-asws, and they shook their-asws hands. It so happened that the first one to shake the hand of Rasool-Allah-saww was the first, the second, and the third, and the third, and the fifth (Abu Bakr, Umar, Usman, Talha and Al-Zubeyr), and the rest of the Emigrants and the Helpers, and the rest of the people in accordance to their status, until they had prayed Al-Isha Salat and the evening (Al-Maghrib) in one time.
و واصلوا البيعة و المصافقة ثلاثا، و رسول الله (صلى الله عليه و آله) يقول كلما بايع قوم: «الحمد لله رب العالمين، الحمد لله الذي فضلنا على جميع العالمين
And the pledges of allegiances continued for three days, and Rasool-Allah-saww was saying, every time the people pledged their allegiances: ‘The Praise is for Allah-azwj, Lord-azwj of the Worlds. The Praise is for Allah-azwj Who Merited us-asws over the entirety of the worlds!’[80]
[1] تفسير القمي، ج1، ص: 160
[2] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 36, The book of History – Amir Al-Momineen-asws, Ch 39 H 20
[3] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 36, The book of History – Amir Al-Momineen-asws, Ch 39 H 77
[4] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 36, The book of History – Amir Al-Momineen-asws, Ch 39 H 82
[5] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 36, The book of History – Amir Al-Momineen-asws, Ch 41 H 84
[6] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 36, The book of History – Amir Al-Momineen-asws, Ch 41 H 226
[7] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 36, The book of History – Amir Al-Momineen-asws, Ch 41 H 225
[8] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 36, The book of History – Amir Al-Momineen-asws, Ch 39 H 64 a
[9] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 36, The book of History – Amir Al-Momineen-asws, Ch 39 H 99
[10] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 36, The book of History – Amir Al-Momineen-asws, Ch 39 H 30
[11] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 36, The book of History – Amir Al-Momineen-asws, Ch 45 H 9
[12] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 21, The book of our Prophet-saww, P 3 Ch 29 H 24
[13] ثواب الأعمال: 105.
[14] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 288/ 1.
[15] التهذيب 1: 361/ 1091.
[16] مصباح الكفعمي
[17] Hadeeth No. 73
[18] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 288/ 2، البحار 18: 271/ 37
[19] مناقب ابن شهر آشوب 3: 53 عن صحيفة الإمام الرضا (عليه السّلام).
[20] تفسير القمّي 1: 160.
[21] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 290/ 12.
[22] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Slaughtered (animals) Ch 9 H 1
[23] مجمع البيان 3: 236- 237
[24] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 290/ 14
[25] الخصال: 451/ 57.
[26] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 291/ 15.
[27] تفسير القمّي 1: 162
[28] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 292/ 19
[29] غاية المرام: 337/ 6
[30] Tafseer Furat – V 1 P 119 H 124
[31] تفسير القمّي 1: 162
[32] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 293/ 22.
[33] الكافي 1: 154/ 1 (Extract)
[34] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 293/ 21
[35] الأمالي 2: 131
[36] الأمالي 1: 208.
[37] Taweel Al Ayaat Al Zahira – CH 107 H 2
[38] Basaair Al Darajaat – P 10 Ch 18 H 50
[39] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 293/ 23
[40] مجمع البيان 3: 246
[41] Tafseer Abu Hamza Al Sumaly H 74
[42] Kitab Suleym Bin Qays Al Hilali – H 25 (Extract)
[43] Bashaarat Al Mustafasaww Li Shia Al Murtazaasws – P 7 H 15
[44] الاحتجاج: 66.
[45] المناقب 3: 26.
[46] الهداية الكبرى: 102، إرشاد القلوب: 264.
[47] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Hunting Ch 1 H 1
[48] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Hunting Ch 1 H 8
[49] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 295/ 33.
[50] Hadeeth No. 75
[51] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Hunting Ch 1 H 9
[52] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Hunting Ch 1 H 14
[53] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Hunting Ch 1 H 16
[54] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Hunting Ch 2 H 1
[55] الكافي 6: 264/ 6
[56] التهذيب 9: 88/ 374
[57] الكافي 5: 358/ 8.
[58] الكافي 5: 357/ 6
[59] Basaair Al Darajaat – P 2 Ch Rare H 5
[60] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 165 H 5
[61] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 297/ 42.
[62] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 165 H 12
[63] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 296/ 39.
[64] التهذيب 1: 7/ 9
[65] الكافي 3: 29/ 2
[66] الكافي 5: 555/ 5
[67] تفسير العياشي 1: 297/ 46.
[68] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 302/ 63
[69] Al Kafi – V 3 – The Book of Cleanliness Ch 17 H 5
[70] Al Kafi – V 3 – The Book of Cleanliness Ch 18 H 5
[71] Al Kafi – V 3 – The Book of Cleanliness Ch 19 H 4
[72] مجمع البيان 3: 260
[73] Al Kafi – V 7 – The Book of Judgements and the Rulings Ch 17 H 20
[74] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 66 H 7
[75] Al Kafi V 2 – The Book Of Belief and Disbelief CH 113 H 2
[76] ( 24)- تأويل الآيات 1: 308/ 16.(Extract)
[77] ( 1)- تأويل الآيات 2: 784/ 3.(Extract)
[78] تأويل الآيات 1: 345/ 29
[79] Bihar Al-Anwaar – V 36, The book of History – Amir Al-Momineen-asws, Ch 39 H 86
[80] روضة الواعظين: 89.