Intoxication, selling, serving and Penalty

Summary:

What is considered as ‘Intoxication’?

The definition of ‘intoxication’ is to show/feel signs of drunkenness/excitement or euphoria being generated due to an intake of a substance (i.e., liquid, solid or fume), all these substances are forbidden in Islam, even in small amounts or as a medicine.[1]

Allah^-azwj has Prohibited all intoxicants in the Holy Quran, e.g.,

البقرة يَسْئَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ وَ الْمَيْسِرِ قُلْ فِيهِما إِثْمٌ كَبِيرٌ وَ مَنافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ وَ إِثْمُهُما أَكْبَرُ مِنْ نَفْعِهِما

(Surah) Al Baqarah: They are asking you about the wine and the gambling. Say: ‘In both of these is a grave sin and benefit for the people, and their sin is greater than their profit’. [2:219]

المائدة إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَ الْمَيْسِرُ وَ الْأَنْصابُ‏ إلى قوله تعالى‏ مُنْتَهُونَ‏

(Surah) Al Maidah: O you who believe! But rather, the wine, and the gambling, and the monuments (for idols), [5:90] – up to Words of the Exalted: abstaining? [5:91]

النحل‏ وَ مِنْ ثَمَراتِ النَّخِيلِ وَ الْأَعْنابِ تَتَّخِذُونَ مِنْهُ سَكَراً وَ رِزْقاً حَسَناً

(Surah) Al Nahl: And from fruits of the palms and the grapes, you are taking intoxicants from it and a goodly sustenance. [16:67].

Briefly, we present, some Ahadith of Masomeen^-asws on this topic.

Wine drinker, its planter, its squeezer, its carrier and the one being carried to, and its seller and the one it is being sold to, and consumer of its price, and its quencher are all accursed

الأمالي للصدوق فِي مَنَاهِي النَّبِيِّ ص‏ أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْخَمْرِ وَ أَنْ تُشْتَرَى الْخَمْرُ وَ أَنْ تُسْقَى الْخَمْرُ

(The book) ‘Al-Amaali’ of Al-Sadouq –

‘Among prohibitions of the Prophet^-saww, he^-saww prohibited from selling the wine, and from busying the wine, and from quenching the wine’’.^[2]

الخصال عَنِ ابْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فِي الْخَمْرِ عَشَرَةً غَارِسَهَا وَ حَارِسَهَا وَ عَاصِرَهَا وَ شَارِبَهَا وَ سَاقِيَهَا وَ حَامِلَهَا وَ الْمَحْمُولَةَ إِلَيْهِ وَ بَائِعَهَا وَ مُشْتَرِيَهَا وَ آكِلَ ثَمَنِهَا

(The book) ‘Al Khisaal’ – from Ibn Al Waleed, from Al Saffar, from Al Barqy, from his father, from Ahmad Bin Al Nazr, from Amro Bin Shimr, from Jabir,

‘From Abu Ja’far^-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah^-saww cursed ten (people) regarding the wine – its planter, and its harvester, and its squeezer, and its drinker, and its quencher, and its carrier, and being carried to him, and its seller, and its buyer, and consumer of its price’’.^[3]

فقه الرضا عليه السلام‏ اعْلَمْ يَرْحَمُكَ اللَّهُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى حَرَّمَ الْخَمْرَ بِعَيْنِهِ وَ حَرَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص كُلَّ شَرَابٍ مُسْكِرٍ وَ لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْخَمْرَ وَ غَارِسَهَا وَ عَاصِرَهَا وَ حَامِلَهَا وَ الْمَحْمُولَةَ إِلَيْهِ وَ بَائِعَهَا وَ مُتَبَايِعَهَا وَ شَارِبَهَا وَ آكِلَ ثَمَنِهَا وَ سَاقِيَهَا وَ الْمُتَحَوِّلَ فِيهَا فَهِيَ مَلْعُونَةٌ شَرَابٌ لَعِينٌ وَ شَارِبُهَا لَعِينَانِ

(The book) ‘Fiqh Al-Reza^-asws’, may the greeting be upon him^-asws – ‘Know, may Allah^-azwj have Mercy on you! Allah Blessed and Exalted had Prohibited the wine in particular, and Rasool-Allah^-saww prohibited every intoxicating drink.

And Rasool-Allah^-azwj cursed the wine, and its planter, and its squeezer, and its carrier and the one being carried to, and its seller and the one it is being sold to, and its drinker, and consumer of its price, and its quencher, and the converter in it, so it is accursed. A drink with one curse, and its drinker is with two curses’’.

وَ اعْلَمْ أَنَّ شَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ كَعَبَدَةِ الْأَوْثَانِ وَ كَنَاكِحِ أُمِّهِ فِي حَرَمِ اللَّهِ وَ هُوَ يُحْشَرُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مَعَ الْيَهُودِ وَ النَّصَارَى وَ الْمَجُوسِ وَ الَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا أُولئِكَ حِزْبُ الشَّيْطانِ أَلا إِنَّ حِزْبَ الشَّيْطانِ هُمُ الْخاسِرُونَ

And know that the drinker of wine is like an idol worshipper, and like having sex with his mother in the Sanctuary of Allah^-azwj, and he will be Resurrected on the Day of Qiyamah with the Jews, and the Christians, and the Magians, and those associating (Shirk with Allah^-azwj), They are the Satan’s party. Surely the party of Satan, they would be the losers [58:19].

وَ اعْلَمْ أَنَّ مَنْ شَرِبَ مِنَ الْخَمْرِ قَدَحاً وَاحِداً لَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ صَلَاتَهُ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً وَ مَنْ كَانَ مُؤْمِناً فَلَيْسَ لَهُ فِي الْإِيمَانِ حَظٌّ وَ لَا فِي الْإِسْلَامِ نَصِيبٌ لَا يَقْبَلُ مِنْهُ الصَّرْفَ وَ لَا الْعَدْلَ وَ هُوَ أَقْرَبُ إِلَى الشِّرْكِ مِنَ الْإِيمَانِ خُصَمَاءُ اللَّهِ وَ أَعْدَاؤُهُ فِي أَرْضِهِ شُرَّابُ الْخَمْرِ وَ الزُّنَاةُ

And know that the one who drinks from the wine, one cup, Allah^-azwj will not Accept his Salat for forty days; and the one who were a Momin, there wouldn’t be a share for him in the Eman nor any part in Al-Islam. Neither will the exchange be Accepted from him nor the ransom, and he is closer to the Shirk than (to) the Eman. They are contenders of Allah^-azwj and His^-azwj enemies in His^-azwj earth – the drinkers of wine and the adulteresses.

فَإِنْ مَاتَ فِي أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً لَا يَنْظُرُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ لَا يُكَلِّمُهُ وَ لَا يُزَكِّيهِ وَ لَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ وَ لَا تُقْبَلُ تَوْبَتُهُ فِي أَرْبَعِينَ وَ هُوَ فِي النَّارِ لَا شَكَّ فِيهِ

If he dies during the forty days, Allah^-azwj will neither Look at him on the Day of Qiyamah, nor Speak to him, nor Purify him, and for him would be the painful Punishment, and his repentance will not be Accepted during the forty (days), and he would be in the Fire, there is no doubt in it.

‏ وَ إِيَّاكَ أَنْ تُزَوِّجَ شَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ فَإِنْ زَوَّجْتَهُ فَكَأَنَّمَا قُدْتَ إِلَى الزِّنَا وَ لَا تُصَدِّقْهُ إِذَا حَدَّثَكَ وَ لَا تَقْبَلْ شَهَادَتَهُ وَ لَا تَأْمَنْهُ عَلَى شَيْ‏ءٍ مِنْ مَالِكَ فَإِنِ ائْتَمَنْتَهُ فَلَيْسَ لَكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ ضَمَانٌ وَ لَا تُؤَاكِلْهُ وَ لَا تُصَاحِبْهُ وَ لَا تَضْحَكْ فِي وَجْهِهِ وَ لَا تُصَافِحْهُ وَ لَا تُعَانِقْهُ وَ إِنْ مَرِضَ فَلَا تَعُدْهُ وَ إِنْ مَاتَ فَلَا تُشَيِّعْ جَنَازَتَهُ

And beware of marrying (e.g., your daughter) to the drinker of wine. If you were to marry (her to) him, it is as if you are guiding to the adultery, and do not ratify him when he narrates to you, and do not accept his testimony, and do not entrust him upon anything from your wealth. If you entrust him, there wouldn’t be any guarantee for you upon Allah^-azwj, and do not rely on him, nor accompany him, nor smile in his face, nor shake his hand, nor hug him; and if he falls sick do not console him, and if he dies do not escort his funeral.

وَ لَا تَأْكُلْ فِي مَائِدَةٍ يُشْرَبُ عَلَيْهَا بَعْدَكَ خَمْرٌ وَ لَا تُجَالِسْ شَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ وَ لَا تُسَلِّمْ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا مَرَرْتَ بِهِ فَإِنْ سَلَّمَ عَلَيْكَ فَلَا تَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامَ بِالْمَسَاءِ وَ الصَّبَاحِ وَ لَا تَجْتَمِعْ مَعَهُ فِي مَجْلِسٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّعْنَةَ إِذَا نَزَلَتْ عَمَّتْ مَنْ فِي الْمَجْلِسِ

And do not eat in a table wine is drunk upon it after you, nor sit the drinker of wine, nor greet unto him when you pass by him. If he were to greet unto you, do not respond the greeting to him in the evening and the morning, and do not gather with him in a gathering, for when the curse descends, it will generalise the ones in the gathering.

وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى حَرَّمَ الْخَمْرَ لِمَا فِيهَا مِنَ الْفَسَادِ وَ بُطْلَانِ الْعُقُولِ فِي الْحَقَائِقِ وَ ذَهَابِ الْحَيَاءِ مِنَ الْوَجْهِ

And Allah^-azwj Blessed and Exalted Prohibited the wine due to what is in it from the corruption, and invalidation of the intellects regarding the realities, and elimination of the modesty from the face.

وَ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا سَكِرَ فَرُبَّمَا وَقَعَ عَلَى أُمِّهِ أَوْ قَتَلَ النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَ يُفْسِدُ أَمْوَالَهُ وَ يَذْهَبُ بِالدِّينِ وَ يُسِي‏ءُ الْمُعَاشَرَةَ وَ يُوقِعُ الْعَرْبَدَةَ وَ هُوَ يُورِثُ مَعَ ذَلِكَ الدَّاءَ الدَّفِينَ فَمَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فِي دَارِ الدُّنْيَا أَسْقَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ طِينَةِ خَبَالٍ وَ هِيَ صَدِيدُ أَهْلِ النَّارِ

And when the man is intoxicated, he may fall upon his mother (for immorality), or kill the soul which Allah^-azwj has Prohibited, and spoil his wealth, and elimination of the religion, and evil co-habitation, and fall into the orgies, and along with that he will inherit the hidden illness. The one who drinks the wine in house of the world, Allah^-azwj will Quench him from clay of ‘Khabal’, and it is pus of people of the Fire’’.^[4]

تفسير القمي عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‏ شَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ لَا تُصَدِّقُوهُ إِذَا حَدَّثَ وَ لَا تُزَوِّجُوهُ إِذَا خَطَبَ وَ لَا تَعُودُوهُ إِذَا مَرِضَ وَ لَا تَحْضُرُوهُ إِذَا مَاتَ وَ لَا تَأْتَمِنُوهُ عَلَى أَمَانَةٍ

Tafseer Al Qummi – from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Abu Baseer,

‘From Abu Abdullah^-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘Drinker of the wine, neither ratify him when he narrates, nor marry to him when he proposes, nor console him when he is sick, nor attend him when he dies, nor entrust him upon an entrustment.

فَمَنِ ائْتَمَنَهُ عَلَى أَمَانَةٍ فَاسْتَهْلَكَهَا فَلَيْسَ لَهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُخْلِفَ عَلَيْهِ وَ لَا أَنْ يَأْجُرَهُ عَلَيْهَا لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ‏ وَ لا تُؤْتُوا السُّفَهاءَ أَمْوالَكُمُ‏ وَ أَيُّ سَفِيهٍ أَسْفَهُ مِنْ شَارِبِ الْخَمْر

The one who entrusts him upon an entrustment, so he destroys it, there wouldn’t be for him upon Allah^-azwj to Replace upon it, nor to Recompense upon it, because Allah^-azwj Says: And do not give your wealth to the foolish [4:5] – and which foolish one is more foolish than a drinker of wine?’’^[5]

Wine drinker is like a Bride of Iblis (Satan) – Needing a Shower (i.e., wife washes after copulation)

وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‏ مَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فِي الدُّنْيَا سَقَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ سَمِّ الْأَسَاوِدِ وَ مِنْ سَمِّ الْعَقَارِبِ شَرْبَةً يَتَسَاقَطُ مِنْهَا لَحْمُ وَجْهِهِ فِي الْإِنَاءِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَشْرَبَهَا فَإِذَا شَرِبَهَا تَفَسَّخَ لَحْمُهُ وَ جِلْدُهُ كَالْجِيفَةِ يَتَأَذَّى بِهِ أَهْلُ الْجَمْعِ وَ يُؤْمَرُ بِهِ إِلَى النَّارِ

And Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘One who drinks a drink of wine in the world, Allah^-azwj will Quench him from such venom of black snakes, and from venom of scorpions, the flesh of his fall will fall off in the container before he even drinks it. When he does drink it, his flesh and his skin will disintegrate like (that of the) corpse. The people of the gathering will be hurt by it, and he will be Commanded with to the Fire.

أَلَا وَ شَارِبُهَا وَ عَاصِرُهَا وَ مُعْصِرُهَا وَ بَائِعُهَا وَ مُبْتَاعُهَا وَ حَامِلُهَا وَ الْمَحْمُولَةُ إِلَيْهِ وَ آكِلُ ثَمَنِهَا سَوَاءٌ فِي إِثْمِهَا وَ لَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لَهُمْ صَلَاةً وَ لَا صَوْماً وَ لَا حَجّاً وَ لَا عُمْرَةً حَتَّى يَتُوبَ وَ لَوْ مَاتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتُوبَ كَانَ حَقّاً عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يَسْقِيَهُ بِكُلِّ جُرْعَةٍ فِي الدُّنْيَا شَرْبَةً مِنْ صَدِيدِ جَهَنَّمَ

Indeed, and its drinker, and its squeezer, and its juicer, and its seller and one it is sold to, and its carrier and one it is carried to, and consumer of its price are (all) same in its sin, and Allah^‑azwj the Exalted will neither Accept for them any Salat, nor fast, nor Hajj, nor Umrah until they repent; and if he were to die before he repents, there would be a right upon Allah^-azwj to Quench him, for every gulp in the world, a drink from pus of Hell’.

ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَلَا وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حَرَّمَ الْخَمْرَ بِعَيْنِهَا وَ الْمُسْكِرَ مِنْ كُلِّ شَرَابٍ أَلَا وَ إِنَّ كُلَّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ

Then Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘Indeed, and even though Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic had Prohibited the wine in particular, the intoxication for every drink is prohibited’.

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَثَلُ شَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ كَمَثَلِ الْكِبْرِيتِ فَاحْذَرُوهُ لَا يُنَتِّنُكُمْ كَمَا يُنَتِّنُ الْكِبْرِيتُ وَ إِنَّ شَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ يُصْبِحُ وَ يُمْسِي فِي سَخَطِ اللَّهِ وَ مَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ يَبِيتُ سَكْرَانَ إِلَّا كَانَ لِلشَّيْطَانِ عَرُوساً إِلَى الصَّبَاحِ فَإِذَا أَصْبَحَ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَغْتَسِلَ‏ كَمَا يَغْتَسِلُ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَغْتَسِلْ لَمْ يُقْبَلْ مِنْهُ صَرْفٌ وَ لَا عَدْلٌ وَ لَا يَمْشِي عَلَى ظَهْرِ الْأَرْضِ أَبْغَضُ إِلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ شَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ

Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘An example of the drinker of wine is like an example of the matchstick. Be cautious it does not ignite you just as the matchstick ignites; and the drinker of wine, in the morning and evening is in the Annoyance of Allah^-azwj; and there is no one spending a night intoxicated except he would be a bride for the Satan^-la up to the morning. When it is morning, it will be obligatory upon him to wash just as one washes from the sexual impurity. If he does not wash, neither exchange nor ransom will be Accepted from him; and there is no one walking upon the earth who is more Hateful to Allah^-azwj than the drinker of wine is’’.^[6]

Wine and Eman will not gather in a heart:

وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‏ لَا تُجْمَعُ الْخَمْرُ وَ الْإِيمَانُ فِي جَوْفِ أَوْ قَلْبِ رَجُلٍ أَبَداً

And Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘The wine and the Eman will not gather in the interior of the heart of a man, ever!’’

وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‏ شَارِبُ الْخَمْرِ مُكَذِّبٌ لِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ إِذْ لَوْ صَدَّقَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ لَحَرَّمَ حَرَامَهُ

And Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘The drinker of wine is a belier of the Book of Allah^-azwj, since had he ratified the Book of Allah^-azwj, he would have prohibited its Prohibitions’’.^[7]

The Classification of Intoxicants:

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ وَهْبٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي عَمِّي وَ هُوَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ صُلَحَاءِ مَوَالِيكَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَسْأَلَكَ عَنِ النَّبِيذِ فَأَصِفَهُ لَكَ فَقَالَ ع لَهُ أَنَا أَصِفُهُ لَكَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ فَمَا أَسْكَرَ كَثِيرُهُ فَقَلِيلُهُ حَرَامٌ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَقَلِيلُ الْحَرَامِ يُحِلُّهُ كَثِيرُ الْمَاءِ فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ بِكَفِّهِ مَرَّتَيْنِ لَا لَا

Mohammed ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Mu’awiyah ibn Wahab who has said the following:

‘I once said to Abu Abd Allah^-asws that a noble man among your followers has asked me to ask you about al-Nabidh (wine) so I can describe it for him from you^-asws. The Imam^-asws said, ‘I will describe it for you as the Messenger^-saww of Allah^-azwj has said, ‘Every drunkenness producing liquor is unlawful and whatever produces drunkenness in a large quantity its intake in a small amount is also forbidden.’ I then asked, ‘Can a large quantity of water (which would be toxic) make a small quantity of it unlawful?’ The Imam^-asws then shook his hand like moving back something with the palm of his hand twice, saying, ‘No, no.’[8]

عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ كُلَيْبٍ الْأَسَدِيِّ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ النَّبِيذِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص خَطَبَ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَلَا إِنَّ كُلَّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ أَلَا وَ مَا أَسْكَرَ كَثِيرُهُ فَقَلِيلُهُ حَرَامٌ

It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from Kulayb al-Asadiy who has said:

‘I once asked Abu Abd Allah^-asws about al- Nabidh (liquor). The Imam^-asws said that once the Messenger of Allah^-saww addressed the people and said, ‘O people, all intoxicating liquor is unlawful. You must take notice that whatever in large quantity is intoxicating liquor its intake in small quantity is also unlawful.’[9]

عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ حُكَيْمٍ عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ النَّبِيذِ أَ خَمْرٌ هُوَ فَقَالَ ع مَا زَادَ عَلَى التَّرْكِ جَوْدَةً فَهُوَ خَمْرٌ

‘A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Mu’awiyah ibn Hukaim from abu Malik al-Hadramiy from abu al-Jarud who has said:

‘I once asked Abu Jafar^-asws about al-Nabidh: if it is wine. The Imam^-asws said: ‘Whatever upon drinking is more pleasurable than not drinking, it is wine.’[10]

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَقْطِينٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَقْطِينٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَقْطِينٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْمَاضِي ع قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَمْ يُحَرِّمِ الْخَمْرَ لِاسْمِهَا وَ لَكِنَّهُ حَرَّمَهَا لِعَاقِبَتِهَا فَمَا كَانَ عَاقِبَتُهُ عَاقِبَةَ الْخَمْرِ فَهُوَ خَمْرٌ

Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali ibn Yaqtin from his brother Al-Husayn ibn Ali ibn Yaqtin from his father Ali ibn Yaqtin who has said the following:

‘Abu Al-Hassan^-asws, the later^-asws has said, ‘Allah^-azwj has not Made wine unlawful because of its name. He^-azwj has Made it unlawful because of its consequences, therefore, whatever, has the same consequence as that of wine, it then is (considered as) wine.[11]

حدثنا يعقوب بن يزيد عن زياد القندى عن عبد الله بن سنان عن ابى عبد الله عليه السلام قال قلت له كيف كان يصنع امير المؤمنين عليه السلام بشارب الخمر قال كان يحده قلت فان عاد قال يحده ثلث مرات فان عاد كان يقتله قلت فمن شرب الخمر كما شرب المسكر قال سواء فاستعظمت ذلك فقال لا تستعظم ذلك ان الله لما ادب نبيه انتدب ففوض إليه وان الله حرم مكة وان رسول الله حرم المدينة فاجاز الله له ذلك وان الله حرم الخمر وان رسول الله حرم المسكر فاجاز الله ذلك كله وان الله فرض الفرايض من الصلب وان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله يطعم الجد فاجاز الله ذلك له ثم قال حرف وما حرف من يطع الرسول فقد اطاع الله

It has been narrated to us by Yaqoub Bin Yazeed, from Zyad Al-Qindy, from Abdullah Bin Sinan, who has said:

‘I asked Abu Abdullah^-asws, ‘How did Amir-ul-Momineen^-asws deal with the drinker of alcohol?’ He^-asws said: ‘He^-asws limited it’. I said, ‘And if he returned to it?’ He^-asws said: ‘He^-asws limited it three times, and if he returned to it, he^-asws killed him’. I said, ‘Is the one who drinks intoxicants like the one who drinks alcohol?’ He^-asws said: ‘(Yes it’s the) Same’. I considered that as great (major issue). He^-asws asked from me: ‘Don’t you consider that to be great? When Allah^-azwj Enlightened His^-azwj Prophet^-saww (with the best morality) and He^-azwj Completed it, He^-azwj Placed to him^-saww (the Religion). Allah^-azwj Sanctified Mecca, and the Rasool-Allah^-saww sanctified Al-Medina.

Allah^-azwj Permitted for him^-saww all of that. Allah^-azwj Prohibited the alcohol, and the Rasool-Allah^-saww prohibited all intoxicants. Allah^-azwj Permitted that for him^-saww; and Allah^-azwj Obligated the obligations from the ‘Ahl Al-Bayt’ (The Family of the Prophet^-saww) and that the Rasool-Allah^-saww included in it the ancestors. Allah^-azwj Permitted for him^-saww all of that. Then he^-asws said to him: ‘O Fazeyl, they have distorted (Tahreef), and what have they distorted [4:80] Whoever obeys the Rasool, he indeed obeys Allah’.[12]

Liquor cannot be Taken under Compelling Conditions:

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ وَضَّاحٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ دَخَلَتْ أُمُّ خَالِدٍ الْعَبْدِيَّةُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ أَنَا عِنْدَهُ فَقَالَتْ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّهُ يَعْتَرِينِي قَرَاقِرُ فِي بَطْنِي [فَسَأَلَتْهُ عَنْ أَعْلَالِ النِّسَاءِ وَ قَالَتْ‏] وَ قَدْ وَصَفَ لِي أَطِبَّاءُ الْعِرَاقِ النَّبِيذَ بِالسَّوِيقِ وَ قَدْ وَقَفْتُ وَ عَرَفْتُ كَرَاهَتَكَ لَهُ فَأَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ أَسْأَلَكَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لَهَا وَ مَا يَمْنَعُكِ عَنْ شُرْبِهِ قَالَتْ قَدْ قَلَّدْتُكَ دِينِي فَأَلْقَى اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حِينَ أَلْقَاهُ فَأُخْبِرُهُ أَنَّ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ ع أَمَرَنِي وَ نَهَانِي فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ أَلَا تَسْمَعُ إِلَى هَذِهِ الْمَرْأَةِ وَ هَذِهِ الْمَسَائِلِ لَا وَ اللَّهِ لَا آذَنُ لَكِ فِي قَطْرَةٍ مِنْهُ وَ لَا تَذُوقِي مِنْهُ قَطْرَةً فَإِنَّمَا تَنْدَمِينَ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ نَفْسُكِ هَاهُنَا وَ أَوْمَأَ بِيَدِهِ إِلَى حَنْجَرَتِهِ يَقُولُهَا ثَلَاثاً أَ فَهِمْتِ قَالَتْ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا يَبُلُّ الْمِيلَ يُنَجِّسُ حُبّاً مِنْ مَاءٍ يَقُولُهَا ثَلَاثاً

Muhammad ibn al-Hassan has narrated from certain persons of our people from Ibrahim ibn Khalid from ‘Abd Allah ibn Waddah from abu Basir who has said the following:

“Once I was with Abu Abd Allah^-asws when mother of Khalid al-’Abdiyah visited him^-asws. She said, ‘I pray to Allah^-azwj to keep my soul in service for your^-asws cause. I have a growling condition in my belly [I asked a women with such condition about it and she said] the physicians of Iraq have prescribed for her Al-Nabeez with Al-Suweyq; but I have learned and I know that you^-asws dislike it and I like to ask you^-asws about it. The Imam^-asws asked, ‘What stops you from drinking it?” She replied, ‘I have taken upon myself to follow your^-asws instructions in matters of my religion so upon my meeting with Allah^-azwj I will be able to tell Him^-azwj that Jafar^-asws ibn Muhammad^-asws commanded and prohibited me.’ The Imam^-asws asked, ‘O abu Muhammad, do you hear this woman and these issues? No, by Allah^-azwj, I^-asws will not give you permission, not even for one drop of it and you must not taste even one drop of it, otherwise you, will regret when the soul reaches here’, pointing to his^-asws throat, ‘Did you understand?’ She replied, ‘Yes, I understand.’ The Imam^-asws then said, ‘A small amount of it (wine) that can hardly moisten an applicator of kohl (eyeliner) to the eye can make a whole hub (a large water container) filthy.’ The Imam^-asws said it three times.’[13]

There is no Cure from forbidden (i.e., wine) and it is forbidden for the thirst, as well as under the conditions of dissimulation (Taqaiyya)

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ وَضَّاحٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ دَخَلَتْ أُمُّ خَالِدٍ الْعَبْدِيَّةُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) وَ أَنَا عِنْدَهُ فَقَالَتْ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّهُ يَعْتَرِينِي قَرَاقِرُ فِي بَطْنِي [فَسَأَلَتْهُ عَنْ أَعْلَالِ النِّسَاءِ وَ قَالَتْ] وَ قَدْ وَصَفَ لِي أَطِبَّاءُ الْعِرَاقِ النَّبِيذَ بِالسَّوِيقِ وَ قَدْ وَقَفْتُ وَ عَرَفْتُ كَرَاهَتَكَ لَهُ فَأَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ أَسْأَلَكَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لَهَا وَ مَا يَمْنَعُكِ عَنْ شُرْبِهِ قَالَتْ قَدْ قَلَّدْتُكَ دِينِي فَأَلْقَى اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حِينَ أَلْقَاهُ فَأُخْبِرُهُ أَنَّ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ ( عليه السلام ) أَمَرَنِي وَ نَهَانِي

Muhammad Bin Al Hassan, from one of our companions, from Ibrahim Bin Khalid, from Abdullah Bin Wazza, from Abu Baseer who said,

‘Umm Khalid Al-Abdiyat came over to Abu Abdullah^-asws and I was in his^-asws presence. So she said, ‘May I be sacrificed for you^-asws! The growling in my stomach is squeezing me’, so she asked  about the pains of the women and she said, ‘The physicians of Al-Iraq have prescribed Al-Nabeez with Al-Suweyq, but I paused for I do recognise your^-asws dislike for it, therefore I would like to ask you^-asws about that’. So he^-asws said to her: ‘And what prevents you from drinking it?’ She said, ‘I have emulated you^-asws in my Religion (Taqleed), so when I meet Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic, whenever I do meet Him^-azwj, so I can tell Him^-azwj that Ja’far^-asws Bin Muhammad^-asws had ordered me and forbade me’.

فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ أَلَا تَسْمَعُ إِلَى هَذِهِ الْمَرْأَةِ وَ هَذِهِ الْمَسَائِلِ لَا وَ اللَّهِ لَا آذَنُ لَكِ فِي قَطْرَةٍ مِنْهُ وَ لَا تَذُوقِي مِنْهُ قَطْرَةً فَإِنَّمَا تَنْدَمِينَ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ نَفْسُكِ هَاهُنَا وَ أَوْمَأَ بِيَدِهِ إِلَى حَنْجَرَتِهِ يَقُولُهَا ثَلَاثاً أَ فَهِمْتِ قَالَتْ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) مَا يَبُلُّ الْمِيلَ يُنَجِّسُ حُبّاً مِنْ مَاءٍ يَقُولُهَا ثَلَاثاً

So, he^-asws said: ‘O Abu Muhammad! Did you listen to this lady and this question? No, by Allah^-azwj, I^-asws do not allow for you with regards to one drop from it, and do not taste from it one drop, for you would be regretful when your soul reaches over here’ – and he^-asws gestured by his^-asws hand to his^-asws throat, saying it to her three (times): ‘Did you understand?’ She said, ‘Yes’. Then Abu Abdullah^-asws said: ‘What dampens the needle, dirties a container of water’ – saying it to her three (times)’.[14]

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ قَالَ كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُبْعَثُ لَهُ الدَّوَاءُ مِنْ رِيحِ الْبَوَاسِيرِ فَيَشْرَبُهُ بِقَدْرِ أُسْكُرُّجَةٍ مِنْ نَبِيذٍ صُلْبٍ لَيْسَ يُرِيدُ بِهِ اللَّذَّةَ وَ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ بِهِ الدَّوَاءَ فَقَالَ لَا وَ لَا جُرْعَةً ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَمْ يَجْعَلْ فِي شَيْ‏ءٍ مِمَّا حَرَّمَ شِفَاءً وَ لَا دَوَاءً

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umyer, from Umar Bin Azina who said,

‘I wrote to Abu Abdullah^-asws asking him^-asws about the man whom the medication for the wind of the hemorrhoids is sent to, so he drinks a dosage from Nabeez, not intending the pleasure by it, and rather intending the cure by it’. So he^-asws said: ‘No, and not a single dosage’. Then he^-asws said: ‘Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic did not Make a healing to be in anything from what He^-azwj Prohibited, nor a medication’.[15]

عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي قَالَ كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ إِنَّ بِي جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ أَرْيَاحَ الْبَوَاسِيرِ وَ لَيْسَ يُوَافِقُنِي إِلَّا شُرْبُ النَّبِيذِ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ مَا لَكَ وَ لِمَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ رَسُولُهُ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) يَقُولُ لَهُ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثاً عَلَيْكَ بِهَذَا الْمَرِيسِ الَّذِي تَمْرُسُهُ بِالْعَشِيِّ وَ تَشْرَبُهُ بِالْغَدَاةِ وَ تَمْرُسُهُ بِالْغَدَاةِ وَ تَشْرَبُهُ بِالْعَشِيِّ فَقَالَ لَهُ هَذَا يَنْفُخُ الْبَطْنَ

A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ali Bin Asbaat who said,

‘My father informed me that he was in the presence of Abu Abdullah^-asws, so a man said to him^-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you^-asws! With me is the hemorrhoids, and nothing is compatible with me except for drinking Al-Nabeez’. So he^-asws said to him: ‘What is it to you and what Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic and His^-azwj Rasool^-saww have Prohibited?’ – saying it to him thrice. ‘Upon you is with this Al-Mareys which is squeezed in the evening and drunk in the morning, and squeezed in the morning and drunk at evening’. So he said to him^-asws, ‘This bloats (expands) the belly’.

قَالَ لَهُ فَأَدُلُّكَ عَلَى مَا هُوَ أَنْفَعُ لَكَ مِنْ هَذَا عَلَيْكَ بِالدُّعَاءِ فَإِنَّهُ شِفَاءٌ مِنْ كُلِّ دَاءٍ قَالَ فَقُلْنَا لَهُ فَقَلِيلُهُ وَ كَثِيرُهُ حَرَامٌ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ قَلِيلُهُ وَ كَثِيرُهُ حَرَامٌ

He^-asws said to him: ‘So I^-asws shall point you upon what it better for you than this. It is upon you with the supplication, for it is a healing from every illness’. So, we said to him^-asws, ‘So a little of it and a lot of it is Prohibited?’ So he^-asws said: ‘Yes, a little of it and a lot of it, is Prohibited’.[16]

أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ دَوَاءٍ عُجِنَ بِالْخَمْرِ فَقَالَ لَا وَ اللَّهِ مَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَنْظُرَ إِلَيْهِ فَكَيْفَ أَتَدَاوَى بِهِ إِنَّهُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ شَحْمِ الْخِنْزِيرِ أَوْ لَحْمِ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَ إِنَّ أُنَاساً لَيَتَدَاوَوْنَ بِهِ

Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Ibn Muskan, from Al Halby who said,

‘I asked Abu Abdullah^-asws about a medicine kneaded with the wine. So he^-asws said: ‘No, by Allah^-azwj! I^-asws do not (even) like looking at it, so how can I^-asws cure by it. It is as the status of the fat of the swine or flesh of the swine, and the people are curing themselves with it’.[17]

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ عَنْ عَمْرٍو عَنِ ابْنِ الْحُرِّ قَالَ دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَيَّامَ قَدِمَ الْعِرَاقَ فَقَالَ لِيَ ادْخُلْ عَلَى إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ فَإِنَّهُ شَاكٍ فَانْظُرْ مَا وَجَعُهُ وَ صِفْ لِي شَيْئاً مِنْ وَجَعِهِ الَّذِي يَجِدُ

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Khalid and Al Husayn Bin Saeed altogether, from Al Nazar Bin Suweyd, from Al Husayn Bin Abdullah, from Abdullah Bin Abdul Hameed, from Amro, from Ibn Al Hurr who said,

‘I went over to Abu Abdullah^-asws in the days he^-asws had proceeded to Al-Iraq, so he^-asws said to me: ‘Go to Ismail Bin Ja’far, for he is complaining. Look at what is paining him and describe to me something from his pains which he finds’.

قَالَ فَقُمْتُ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى إِسْمَاعِيلَ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ وَجَعِهِ الَّذِي يَجِدُ فَأَخْبَرَنِي بِهِ فَوَصَفْتُ لَهُ دَوَاءً فِيهِ نَبِيذٌ فَقَالَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ النَّبِيذُ حَرَامٌ وَ إِنَّا أَهْلَ بَيْتٍ لَا نَسْتَشْفِي بِالْحَرَامِ

He (the narrator) said, ‘So I stood up from his^-asws presence and I went over to Ismail. So I asked him about his pain which he finds. So he informed me with it, and a cure had been prescribed for him in which was Nabeez. So he^-asws said: ‘O Ismail! Al-Nabeez is Prohibited, and we^-asws the People^-asws of the Household do not cure with the Prohibited (substances)’.[18]

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْمِيثَمِيِّ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ دَوَاءٍ عُجِنَ بِالْخَمْرِ نَكْتَحِلُ مِنْهَا فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) مَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِيمَا حَرَّمَ شِفَاءً

Muhammad Bin yahya, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from Yaqoub Bin Yazeed, from Muhammad Bin Al Hassan Al Maysami, from Muawiya Bin Ammar who said,

‘A man asked Abu Abdullah^-asws about a cure kneaded with the wine, can we apply it in the eyes (like kohl) from it?’ So Abu Abdullah^-asws said: ‘Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic has not Made a healing to be in a Prohibition’.[19]

عَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مَرْوَكِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ مَنِ اكْتَحَلَ بِمِيلٍ مِنْ مُسْكِرٍ كَحَلَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِمِيلٍ مِنْ نَارٍ

From him, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Marwak Bin Ubeyd, from a man,

(It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah^-asws having said: ‘The one who applies (in the eyes) with a needle from an intoxicant, Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic would Apply (in his eyes) a needle from Fire’.[20]

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَرَّجَانِيِّ عَنْ مَالِكٍ الْمِسْمَعِيِّ عَنْ قَائِدِ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنِ النَّبِيذِ يُجْعَلُ فِي الدَّوَاءِ فَقَالَ لَا لَيْسَ يَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَسْتَشْفِيَ بِالْحَرَامِ

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Al Nazar Bin Suweyd, from Al Husayn Bin Abdullah Al Arjany, from Malik Al Mismaiy,

(It has been narrated) from Qaid Bin Talha who asked Abu Abdullah^-asws about Al-Nabeez made to be in the medication. So he^-asws said: ‘No. it is no befitting for anyone that he should heal with the prohibited (substances)’.[21]

عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بُنْدَارَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْكُحْلِ يُعْجَنُ بِالنَّبِيذِ أَ يَصْلُحُ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لَا

Ali Bin Muhammad Bin Bundar, from Ahmad Bin Abu Abdullah, from a number of our companions, from Ali Bin Asbaat,

(It has been narrated) from Ali son of Ja’far^-asws, from his brother^-asws Abu Al-Hassan^-asws, said, ‘I asked him^-asws about the kohl kneaded with Al-Nabeez, is that correct (to apply in the eyes)?’ So he^-asws said: ‘No’.[22]

عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ قَالَ سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ دَوَاءٍ يُعْجَنُ بِخَمْرٍ فَقَالَ مَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَنْظُرَ إِلَيْهِ وَ لَا أَشَمَّهُ فَكَيْفَ أَتَدَاوَى بِهِ

A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Ibn Raib, from Al Halby who said,

‘Abu Abdullah^-asws was asked about a medication kneaded with wine. So he^-asws said: ‘I^-asws do not like to (even) look at it, nor smelling it, so how can I^-asws cure by it?’[23]

أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْكُوفِيِّ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) لَيْسَ فِي شُرْبِ النَّبِيذِ تَقِيَّةٌ

Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Al Hassan Bin Ali Al Kufy, from Usman Bin Isa, from Saeed Bin Yasaar who said,

‘Abu Abdullah^-asws said: ‘There is no dissimulation (applicable) regarding drinking Al-Nabeez’.[24]

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) فِي الْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ تَقِيَّةٌ قَالَ لَا يُتَّقَى فِي ثَلَاثَةٍ قُلْتُ وَ مَا هُنَّ قَالَ شُرْبُ الْخَمْرِ أَوْ قَالَ شُرْبُ الْمُسْكِرِ وَ الْمَسْحُ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ وَ مُتْعَةُ الْحَجِّ

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad, from Hareyz, from Zurara, from someone else who said,

‘I said to Abu Ja’far^-asws regarding the wiping (Masaah in the ablution) upon the two socks, in dissimulation, so he^-asws said: ‘There is no dissimulation with regards to three (matters)’. I said, ‘And what are these?’ He^-asws said: ‘Drinking the wine’, or said, ‘Drinking the intoxicants, and the wiping (Masaah in the ablution) upon the two socks, and Mut’aa of Al-Hajj’.[25]

‏ لَيْسَ‏ فِي‏ شُرْبِ‏ الْمُسْكِرِ وَ الْمَسْحِ‏ عَلَى‏ الْخُفَّيْنِ‏ تَقِيَّةٌ ‏

(Amir-ul-Momineen^-asws said) No Taqaiyya – pious dissimulation – in drinking the intoxicants and passing the hand over the slippers – in the ritual ablution.[26]

خَالِفُوا أَصْحَابَ‏ الْمُسْكِرِ

(Amir-ul-Momineen^-asws said) Oppose the consumers of intoxicants.[27]

مَنْ‏ شَرِبَ‏ مُسْكِراً لَمْ‏ تُقْبَلْ‏ صَلَاتُهُ‏ أَرْبَعِينَ‏ لَيْلَة

(Amir-ul-Momineen^-asws said) The prayers of those who consume intoxicants will not be accepted for forty nights.[28]

وَ لَا تَجْلِسُوا عَلَى‏ مَائِدَةٍ يُشْرَبُ‏ عَلَيْهَا الْخَمْرُ فَإِنَ‏ الْعَبْدَ لَا يَدْرِي‏ مَتَى‏ يُؤْخَذ

(Amir-ul-Momineen^-asws said) Do not sit to a table on which there is wine, no one can guess the very hour in which one’s soul is carried away.

مَنْ‏ شَرِبَ‏ الْخَمْرَ وَ هُوَ يَعْلَمُ‏ أَنَّهَا خَمْرٌ سَقَاهُ‏ اللَّهُ‏ مِنْ‏ طِينَةِ الْخَبَالِ‏ وَ إِنْ‏ كَانَ‏ مَغْفُوراً لَه‏

(Amir-ul-Momineen^-asws said) Allah will cause anyone who consumes wine intentionally to drink from the mixture of blood and mud, even if he shows repentance.[29]

مُدْمِنُ‏ الْخَمْرِ يَلْقَى‏ اللَّهَ‏ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ‏ حِينَ‏ يَلْقَاهُ‏ كَعَابِدِ وَثَنٍ‏ فَقَالَ‏ لَهُ‏ حُجْرُ بْنُ‏ عَدِيٍ‏ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَنِ الْمُدْمِنُ لِلْخَمْرِ- قَالَ الَّذِي إِذَا وَجَدَهَا شَرِبَهَا

(Amir-ul-Momineen^-asws said) Allah^-azwj will treat the alcoholics same as the idolaters.  “O Amir-ul-Momineen,” asked Hujr bin Edi, “Who are the alcoholics?” The Imam^-asws answered: The alcoholics are those who consume intoxicants whenever they find some.[30]

مَنْ‏ سَقَى‏ صَبِيّاً مُسْكِراً وَ هُوَ لَا يَعْقِلُ‏ حَبَسَهُ‏ اللَّهُ‏ فِي‏ طِينَةِ خَبَالٍ‏ حَتَّى‏ يَأْتِيَ‏ مِمَّا فَعَلَ‏ بِمَخْرَجٍ‏

(Amir-ul-Momineen^-asws said) For those who serve undiscerning boys wine, Allah^-azwj will detain them in the mixture of clay and blood, unless they provide a justifiable excuse.[31]

Supplications for Giving-Up Intoxicants

وقال الصادق (عليه السلام): «و من‏ كتبها و علقها على‏ من‏ يشرب‏ الخمر، يبغضه و لم يقر به أبدا و في رواية أخرى: «و لم يذكره أبدا

And Al-Sadiq^-asws said: ‘And the one who writes it (Chapter 23) and attaches it (Amulet) upon the one who drinks the wine, he would come to hate it and would never recognise it at all’. And in another report: ‘And he would never mention it ever’.[32]

وقال الصادق (عليه السلام): «من‏ كتبها ليلا في‏ خرقة بيضاء، و علقها على من يشرب النبيذ، لم يشربه أبدا، و يبغض الشراب بإذن الله

And Al-Sadiq^-asws said: ‘The one writes it (Chapter 23) in a white cloth, and attaches it (Amulet) upon the one who drink Al-Nabeez (intoxicating drink), he would never drink it at all, and would hate the drink, by the Permission on Allah^-azwj’.[33]

Paradise is forbidden upon the drinker of Wine:

كتاب حسين بن سعيد و النوادر عَنِ ابْنِ عُلْوَانَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‏ تَحْرُمُ الْجَنَّةُ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةٍ عَلَى الْمَنَّانِ وَ عَلَى الْمُغْتَابِ وَ عَلَى مُدْمِنِ الْخَمْرِ

The book of Husayn Bin Saeed, and ‘Al Nawadir’ – from Ulwan, from Amro Bin Khalid,

‘From Zayd son of Ali (Bin Al-Husayn^-asws), from Ali^-asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah^-saww said: ‘The Paradise is Prohibited unto three – unto the reproacher of the favour, and upon the backbiter, and upon the habitual of wine’’.^[34]

A Wine Drinker is like an idol worshipper:

ثواب الأعمال عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ حَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: مُدْمِنُ الزِّنَا وَ السَّرَقِ وَ الشُّرْبِ كَعَابِدِ وَثَنٍ‏

(The book) ‘Sawaab Al Amaal’ – from his father, from Sa’ad, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Ibn Ameyra, from Ibn Hazim, from Abu Baseer,

‘From Abu Abdullah^-asws having said: ‘The habitual of adultery, and the theft, and the drinking (wine) is like an idol worshipper’’.^[35]

الإسناد عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَخِيهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ شَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ مَا حَالُهُ إِذَا سَكِرَ مِنْهُ

(The book) ‘Qurb Al Asnaad’ –

‘From Ali, from his brother^-asws (7^th Imam^-asws), he said, ‘I asked him^-asws about the drinker of wine, ‘What is his state when he is intoxicated from it?’

قَالَ مَنْ سَكِرَ مِنَ الْخَمْرِ ثُمَّ مَاتَ بَعْدَهُ بِأَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً لَقِيَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ كَعَابِدِ وَثَنٍ‏

He^-asws said: ‘One who is intoxicated from the wine, then dies forty days after it, will meet Allah^-azwj Mighty and Majestic like an idol worshipper’’.^[36]

Why did Allah^-azwj Prohibit the wine?

علل الشرائع عَنْ مَاجِيلَوَيْهِ عَنْ عَمِّهِ عَنِ الْكُوفِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لِمَ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ الْخَمْرَ

(The book) ‘Ilal Al Sharaie’ – from Majaylawiya, from his uncle, from Al Kufy, from Abdul Rahman Bin Salim, from Al Mufazzal who said,

‘I said to Abu Abdullah^-asws, ‘Why did Allah^-azwj Prohibit the wine?’

قَالَ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ الْخَمْرَ لِفِعْلِهَا وَ فَسَادِهَا لِأَنَّ مُدْمِنَ الْخَمْرِ تُورِثُهُ الِارْتِعَاشَ وَ تَذْهَبُ بِنُورِهِ وَ تَهْدِمُ مُرُوَّتَهُ وَ تَحْمِلُهُ عَلَى أَنْ يَجْتَرِئَ عَلَى ارْتِكَابِ الْمَحَارِمِ وَ سَفْكِ الدِّمَاءِ وَ رُكُوبِ الزِّنَا وَ لَا يُؤْمَنُ إِذَا سَكِرَ أَنْ يَثِبَ عَلَى حَرَمِهِ وَ هُوَ لَا يَعْقِلُ ذَلِكَ وَ لَا يَزِيدُ شَارِبَهَا إِلَّا كُلَّ شَرٍّ

He^-asws said: ‘Allah^-azwj Prohibited the wine due to its deeds and its corruption, because a habitual of wine inherits the trembling, and his radiance will be gone, and his personality demolished, and it will carry him upon be audacious upon indulging in the Prohibitions, and shedding the blood, and indulging in the adultery; and when he is intoxicated, there is no safety that he mighty leap upon his sanctimonious one while he has not understanding of that; and drinking it will not increase him except in every evil’’.^[37]

The Penalty for Drinking Wine

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ شَرِبَ حُسْوَةَ خَمْرٍ قَالَ يُجْلَدُ ثَمَانِينَ جَلْدَةً قَلِيلُهَا وَ كَثِيرُهَا حَرَامٌ

Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and Muhammad Ibn Yahva has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad all from ibn Mahbub from lshaq ibn . Ammar who has narrated the following:

‘l once asked Abu Abd Allah^-asws about the case of a man who just sips wine. He^-asws said, ‘He must be whipped eighty times for a small or large amount because it is unlawful in both cases.’[38]

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ قَالَ إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع كَانَ يَقُولُ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ سَكِرَ وَ إِذَا سَكِرَ هَذَى وَ إِذَا هَذَى افْتَرَى فَاجْلِدُوهُ حَدَّ الْمُفْتَرِي

Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from Zurarah who has narrated the following:

‘Abu Ja’far^-asws has said that Ali^-asws would say, ‘When a man drinks, he becomes drunk, when he is drunk, he is delirious, when he is delirious, he falsely accuses; so you must subject him to the penalty which is for a false-accuser.’[39]

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ع قَالَ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع يَضْرِبُ فِي الْخَمْرِ وَ النَّبِيذِ ثَمَانِينَ الْحُرَّ وَ الْعَبْدَ وَ الْيَهُودِيَّ وَ النَّصْرَانِيَّ قُلْتُ وَ مَا شَأْنُ الْيَهُودِيِّ وَ النَّصْرَانِيِّ قَالَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يُظْهِرُوا شُرْبَهُ يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ فِي بُيُوتِهِمْ

Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar from abu Basir who has narrated the following:

‘One of the two Imams^-asws, (Abu Ja’far^-asws or Abu ‘Abd Allah^-asws), has said that Ali^-asws would whip a wine and Nabeez drinker eighty lashes, regardless of being a slave or free, Jews or Christians.’ I then asked, ‘What Jews and Christians have to do with it?’ The Imam^-asws said, ‘They must not drink in public. They may have it in their homes.’[40]

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ شَرِبَ رَجُلٌ الْخَمْرَ عَلَى عَهْدِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَرُفِعَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَ شَرِبْتَ خَمْراً قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ وَ لِمَ وَ هِيَ مُحَرَّمَةٌ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ إِنِّي أَسْلَمْتُ وَ حَسُنَ إِسْلَامِي وَ مَنْزِلِي بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيْ قَوْمٍ يَشْرَبُونَ الْخَمْرَ وَ يَسْتَحِلُّونَهَا وَ لَوْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّهَا حَرَامٌ اجْتَنَبْتُهَا فَالْتَفَتَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِلَى عُمَرَ فَقَالَ مَا تَقُولُ فِي أَمْرِ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ مُعْضِلَةٌ وَ لَيْسَ لَهَا إِلَّا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ادْعُ لَنَا عَلِيّاً فَقَالَ عُمَرُ يُؤْتَى الْحَكَمُ فِي بَيْتِهِ فَقَامَا وَ الرَّجُلُ مَعَهُمَا وَ مَنْ حَضَرَهُمَا مِنَ النَّاسِ حَتَّى أَتَوْا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَأَخْبَرَاهُ بِقِصَّةِ الرَّجُلِ وَ قَصَّ الرَّجُلُ قِصَّتَهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ ابْعَثُوا مَعَهُ مَنْ يَدُورُ بِهِ عَلَى مَجَالِسِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَ الْأَنْصَارِ مَنْ كَانَ تَلَا عَلَيْهِ آيَةَ التَّحْرِيمِ فَلْيَشْهَدْ عَلَيْهِ فَفَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ بِهِ فَلَمْ يَشْهَدْ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ بِأَنَّهُ قَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ آيَةَ التَّحْرِيمِ فَخَلَّى عَنْهُ وَ قَالَ لَهُ إِنْ شَرِبْتَ بَعْدَهَا أَقَمْنَا عَلَيْكَ الْحَدَّ

Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn Faddal from ibn Bukayr who has narrated the following:

‘Abu Abd Allah^-asws has said that in the time of abu Bakr a man drank wine and he was presented before Abu Bakr who asked, ‘Did you drink wine?’ He said, ‘Yes, I did so.’ He asked, ‘Why did you do so when it is unlawful?’ He replied, ‘I became a Muslim and my Islam was good. My house is among the houses of a people who drink wine and consider it lawful. Had I known it is unlawful. I would have avoided it.’

Abu Bakr turned to ‘Umar and asked, ‘What do you say about the case of this man?’ ‘Umar said it is a difficult question and there is no one for it except Abu Al-Hassan^-asws.’

Abu Bakr said, ‘You must call Ali^-asws for us.’ ‘Umar said, ‘He gives judgement in his house.’ They stood up with the man with them and the people present until they came to the house of ‘Amir-ul-Momineen^-asws and the two informed him^-asws of the story of the man. The man himself also told his story.  The Imam^-asws said, ‘Send with him to look for those of the people of al-Muhajir and Ansar who have read to him the verse of the Quran which is about prohibition on drinking wine and ask them to testify against him.’ They did so but no one testified to his reading the verse of the Quran to him that prohibits drinking wine, The Imam^-asws released him and said, ‘If you drink again we will apply the penalty on you.’[41]

قرب الإسناد عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَخِيهِ ع قَالَ: إِنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فَاجْلِدُوهُ فَإِنْ عَادَ فَاجْلِدُوهُ فَإِنْ عَادَ فَشَرِبَهَا الثَّالِثَةَ فَاقْتُلُوهُ‏

(The book) ‘Qurb Al Asnaad’ –

‘From Ali, from his brother^-asws (7^th Imam^-asws) having said: ‘If someone drinks the wine, whip him. If he repeats, whip him. If he repeats drinking it for the third time, kill him’’.^[42]

The Time of Flogging in Winter and in Summer:

الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ الْمُسْتَرِقِّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا قَالَ مَرَرْتُ مَعَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع بِالْمَدِينَةِ فِي يَوْمٍ بَارِدٍ وَ إِذَا رَجُلٌ يُضْرَبُ بِالسَّوْطِ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا الْوَقْتِ يُضْرَبُ قُلْتُ لَهُ وَ لِلضَّرْبِ حَدٌّ قَالَ نَعَمْ إِذَا كَانَ فِي الْبَرْدِ ضُرِبَ فِي حَرِّ النَّهَارِ وَ إِذَا كَانَ فِي الْحَرِّ ضُرِبَ فِي بَرْدِ النَّهَارِ

Al-Husayn from Muhammad has narrated from Mu’alla’ ibn Muhammad from abu Dawud al-Mustariq who has said that certain ones of our people narrated to me the following:

‘I once walking with Abu Abd Allah^-asws in al-Madinah on a cold day where a man was being whipped. Abu Abd Allah^-asws said, ‘AIIah^-azwj is free of all defects, in this kind of time do they whip him?’ I then asked, ‘Is there a limit (of time) for it?’ The Imam^-asws said, ‘Yes, if it is in cold time whipping must be done in the heat of the day and if it is in hot days whipping must be done in the cool time of the day.’[43]

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ع قَالَ مَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فَاجْلِدُوهُ فَإِنْ عَادَ فَاجْلِدُوهُ فَإِنْ عَادَ فَاقْتُلُوهُ

Mohammed ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al- Hassan ibn Ali from lshaq ibn ‘Ammar from abu Basir who has narrated:

‘One of the two Imams^-asws, (Abu Ja’far^-asws or Abu Abd Allah^-asws) has said, ‘If one drinks wine you must whip him, if he does it again whip him again; and if he does it again then put him to death.’[44]

مُحَمَّدٌ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْمَاضِي ع قَالَ أَصْحَابُ الْكَبَائِرِ كُلِّهَا إِذَا أُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْحُدُودُ مَرَّتَيْنِ قُتِلُوا فِي الثَّالِثَةِ

Muhammad ibn Ahmad has narrated from Muhammad ibn Safwan from Yunus who has narrated:

‘Abu Al-Hassan, before this Abu Al-Hassan^-asws has said, ‘People who commit major sins twice are put to death at the third time.’[45]

حدثنا يعقوب بن يزيد ومحمد بن عيسى عن زياد القندى عن محمد بن عماره عن فضيل بن يسار قال سئلته كيف كان يصنع امير المؤمنين بشارب الخمر قال كان يحده قلت فان كان عاد قال يحده ثلث مرات فان عاد كان يقتله قلت كيف كان يصنع بشارب المسكر قال مثل ذلك قلت فمن شرب شربة مسكر كمن شرب شربة خمر قال سواء فاستعظمت ذلك فقال لى يا فضيل لا تستعظم ذلك فان الله انما بعث محمدا رحمة للعالمين والله ادب نبيه فاحسن تأديبه فلما انتدب فوض إليه فحرم الله الخمر وحرم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله كل مسكر فاجاز الله ذلك له وحرم الله مكة وحرم رسول الله صلى الله عليه واله المدينة فاجاز الله كله له وفرض الله الفرايض من الصلب فاطعم رسول الله صلى الله عليه واله الجد فاجاز ذلك كله له ثم قال له يا فضيل حرف وما حرف من يطع الرسول فقد اطاع الله

It has been narrated to us by Yaqoub Bin Yazeed and Muhammad Bin Isa, from Zyad Al-Qindy, from Muhammad Bin Amaara, from Fazeyl Bin Yasaar who said:

‘I asked him^-asws, ‘How did Amir-ul-Momineen^-asws deal with the drinker of alcohol?’ He^-asws said: ‘He^-asws limited it’. I said, ‘And if he returned to it?’ He^-asws said: ‘He^-asws limited it three times, and if he returned to it, he^-asws killed him’. I said, ‘How did he^-asws deal with the drinker of intoxicants?’ He^-asws said: ‘Similar to that’. I said, ‘Is the one who drinks intoxicants like the one who drinks alcohol?’ He^-asws said: (yes, it’s the) ‘Same’. I considered that as great (major issue). He^-asws said to me: ‘Do not consider that to be great, for Allah^-azwj Who Sent Muhammad^-saww as a Mercy to the Worlds, and Allah^-azwj Enlightened His^-azwj Prophet^-saww with the best morality. When He^-azwj Completed it, He^-azwj Placed to him^-saww (the Religion). Allah^-azwj Prohibited the alcohol, and the Rasool Allah^-saww prohibited all intoxicants. Allah^-azwj Permitted that for him^-saww; and Allah^-azwj Sanctified Mecca, and the Rasool Allah^-saww sanctified Al-Medina. Allah^-azwj Permitted for him^-saww all of that; and Allah^-azwj Obligated the obligations from the ‘Ahl Al-Bayt’ (The Family of the Prophet^-saww) and that the Rasool Allah^-saww included in it the ancestors. Allah^-azwj Permitted for him^-saww all of that. Then he^-asws said to him: ‘O Fazeyl, they have distorted (Tahreef), what have they distorted [4:80] Whoever obeys the Rasool, he indeed obeys Allah’.[46]

حدثنا يعقوب بن يزيد عن زياد القندى عن عبد الله بن سنان عن ابى عبد الله عليه السلام قال قلت له كيف كان يصنع امير المؤمنين عليه السلام بشارب الخمر قال كان يحده قلت فان عاد قال يحده ثلث مرات فان عاد كان يقتله قلت فمن شرب الخمر كما شرب المسكر قال سواء فاستعظمت ذلك فقال لا تستعظم ذلك ان الله لما ادب نبيه انتدب ففوض إليه وان الله حرم مكة وان رسول الله حرم المدينة فاجاز الله له ذلك وان الله حرم الخمر وان رسول الله حرم المسكر فاجاز الله ذلك كله وان الله فرض الفرايض من الصلب وان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله يطعم الجد فاجاز الله ذلك له ثم قال حرف وما حرف من يطع الرسول فقد اطاع الله

It has been narrated to us by Yaqoub Bin Yazeed, from Zyad Al-Qindy, from Abdullah Bin Sinan, who has said:

‘I asked Abu Abdullah^-asws, ‘How did Amir-ul-Momineen^-asws deal with the drinker of alcohol?’ He^-asws said: ‘He^-asws limited it’. I said, ‘And if he returned to it?’ He^-asws said: ‘He^-asws limited it three times, and if he returned to it, the penalty was death’. I said, ‘Is the one who drinks intoxicants like the one who drinks alcohol?’ He^-asws said: ‘(Yes it’s the) Same’. I considered that as great (major issue). He^-asws said to me: ‘Do not consider that to be great. When Allah^-azwj Enlightened His^-azwj Prophet^-saww (with the best morality) and He^-azwj Completed it, He^-azwj Placed to him^-saww (the Religion). Allah^-azwj Sanctified Mecca, and the Rasool Allah^-saww sanctified Al-Medina. Allah^-azwj Permitted for him^-saww all of that. Allah^-azwj Prohibited the alcohol, and the Rasool Allah^-saww prohibited all intoxicants. Allah^-azwj Permitted that for him^-saww; and Allah^-azwj Obligated the obligations from the ‘Ahl Al-Bayt’ (The Family of the Prophet^-saww) and that the Rasool Allah^-saww included in it the ancestors. Allah^-azwj Permitted for him^-saww all of that. Then he^-asws said to him: ‘O Fazeyl, they have distorted (Tahreef), and what have they distorted [4:80] Whoever obeys the Rasool, he indeed obeys Allah’.[47]

حدثنا احمد بن محمد عن محمد بن اسماعيل عن محمد بن عذافر عن عبد الله بن سنان عن بعض اصحابنا عن ابى جعفر عليه السلام قال ان الله تبارك وتعالى ادب محمدا صلى الله عليه وآله فلما تأدب فوض إليه فقال تبارك وتعالى ما اتيكم الرسول فخذوه وما نهيكم عنه فانتهوا فقال من يطع الرسول فقد اطاع الله فكان فيما فرض في القرآن فرايض الصلب وفرض رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله فرايض الجد فاجاز الله ذلك له وانزل الله في القرآن تحريم الخمر بعينها فحرم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله تحريم المسكر فاجاز الله له ذلك في اشياء كثيرة فما حرم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله فهو بمنزلة ما حرم الله

It has been narrated to us by Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Muhammad Bin Azaafar, from Abdullah Bin Sinan, from one of our companions, from Abu Ja’far^-asws having said that: ‘Allah^-azwj Blessed and High Enlightened Muhammad^-saww. When he^-saww achieved the morals, Placed to him^-saww (the Religion). The Blessed and High Said [59:7] and whatever the Rasool gives you, accept it, and from whatever he forbids you, keep back. He^-azwj Said [4:80] Whoever obeys the Rasool, he indeed obeys Allah. Allah^-azwj Obligated the obligations from the ‘Ahl Al-Bayt’ (The Family of the Prophet^-saww) and that the Rasool Allah^-saww included in it the ancestors. Allah^-azwj Permitted that for him^-saww, and Allah^-azwj Send down in His^-azwj Book the Prohibition of the alcohol especially. The Rasool Allah^-saww prohibited the intoxicants. Allah^-azwj Permitted that for him^-saww in many of the things. The prohibition of the Rasool Allah^-saww is of the same status as of the Prohibition of Allah^-azwj’.[48]

حدثنا ابراهيم بن هاشم عن يحيى بن ابى عمران عن يونس عن ابراهيم بن عبد الحميد عن ابى بصير قال سئلت ابا عبد الله عليه السلام عن قوله ان الله فوض الامر إلى محمد صلى الله عليه وآله فقال ما اتيكم الرسول فخذوه وما نهيكم عنه فانتهوا قال ان الله خلق محمدا صلى الله عليه وآله طاهرا ثم ادبه حتى قومه على ما اراد ثم فوض إليه الامر فقال ما اتيكم الرسول فخذوه وما نهيكم عنه فانتهوا فحرم الله الخمر بعينها وحرم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله المسكر من كل شراب وفرض الله فرايض الصلب واعطى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله الجد فاجاز الله له ذلك واشياء ذكرها من هذا البا

It has been narrated to us by Ibrahim Bin Hashim, from Yahya Bin Abu Umran, from Yunus, from Ibrahim Bin Abdul Hameed, from Abu Baseer who said:

‘I asked Abu Abdullah^-asws about His^-azwj Statement that Allah^-azwj had Delegated the Commands to Muhammad^-saww. He^-asws said: ‘[59:7] and whatever the Rasool gives you, accept it, and from whatever he forbids you, keep back. Allah^-azwj Prohibited the alcohol specifically, and the Rasool Allah^-saww prohibited all intoxicants from every drink, and Allah^-azwj Obligated the obligations from the ‘Ahl Al-Bayt’ (The Family of the Prophet^-saww) and that the Rasool Allah^-saww included in it the ancestors. Allah^-azwj Permitted that for him^-saww, and things which have been mentioned from this subject’.[49]

و قال: «إن مدمن الخمر كعابد وثن، و يورثه ارتعاشا، و يذهب بنوره، و يهدم مروءته، و يحمله على أن يجسر على المحارم من سفك الدماء، و ركوب الزنا، و لا يؤمن إذا سكر أن يثب على حرمه و هو لا يعقل ذلك، و الخمر لم يرد شاربها إلا إلى كل شر

And the Imam^-asws said: ‘The one who is habitual in partaking from the intoxicant is like the one who worships the idols, and he would inherit the trembling, and his Light (the Noor which guides towards Eman) would go away from him, and destroys his chivalry, and carries him towards shedding the blood which is Forbidden, and would indulge in the adultery, and he is not secure when he is drunk that he would jump upon his sacred (women) and he would not have the intellect for that. And the intoxicant does not return its partaker except to every evil’.[50]

Yazeed^-la was drinking wine upon ‘Head’ of Imam Hussain^-asws

تميم القرشي، عن أبيه، عن أحمد الانصاري، عن الهروي قال: سمعت الرضا عليه السلام يقول: أول من اتخذ له الفقاع في الاسلام بالشام يزيد بن معاوية لعنة الله عليه فاحضر وهو على المائدة: وقد نصبها على رأس الحسين بن علي عليه السلام فجعل يشربه ويسقي أصحابه ويقول: اشربوا فهذا شراب مبارك من بركته أنا أول تناولناه ورأس عدونا بين أيدينا، ومائدتنا منصوبة عليه، ونحن نأكل ونفوسنا ساكنة، وقلوبنا مطمئنة * فمن كان من شيعتنا فليتورع عن شرب الفقاع فانه شراب أعدائنا

Tameem Al Qarshy, from his father, from Ahmad Al Ansary, from Al Harwy who said,

‘I heard Al-Reza^-asws saying: ‘The first one who took for himself Al-Faqa’a in Islam was Yazeed Bin Muawiya^-la in Syria, may Allah^-azwj Curse him^-la. It was presented and he^-la was upon the dining table, and they poured it upon the head of Al-Husayn^-asws Bin Ali^-asws. So he^-la went on to drink it and quench his^-la companions, and he^-la was saying, ‘So this is a blessed drink, from which I^-la am the first one to drink it, and the head of our^-la enemy is in front of us^-la, and our^-la feast is dedicated to him^-asws, we^-la are eating and our^-la souls are tranquil, and our^-la hearts are secure’. Therefore the one who is from our^-asws Shias should beware from drinking Al-Faqa’a, for it is a drink of our^-asws enemies’.[51]

Yazeed^-la entertained with Alcohol and Chess when head of Imam Hussain-^-asws was brought to him^-la:

ابن عبدوس، عن ابن قتيبة، عن الفضل قال: سمعت الرضا عليه السلام يقول: لما حمل رأس الحسين إلى الشام أمر يزيد لعنه الله فوضع ونصب عليه مائدة فأقبل هو وأصحابه يأكلون ويشربون الفقاع، فلما فرغوا أمر بالرأس فوضع في طست تحت سريره، وبسط عليه رقعة الشطرنج وجلس يزيد لعنه الله يلعب بالشطر نج ويذكر الحسين وأباه وجده صلوات الله عليهم، ويستهزئ بذكرهم

Ibn Abdous, from Ibn Quteyba, from Al Fazal who said,

‘I heard Al-Reza^-asws saying: ‘When they carried the head of Al-Husayn^-asws to Syria, Yazeed^-la may Allah^-azwj Curse him^-la, ordered, so they laid a feast for himself^-la. So him^-la and his^-la companions came over and were eating and drinking Al-Faqa’a (intoxicant/wine). So when they were free, he^-la ordered for the head, so it was placed in a tray under his recliner, and they extended the chessboard towards him^-la. And Yazeed^-la sat down and played the chess, whispering and mentioning Al-Husayn^-asws, and his^-asws father^-asws, and his^-asws grandfather^-saww, and they were mocking with their^-asws mention.

فمتى قمر صاحبه تناول الفقاع فشربه ثلاث مرات ثم صب فضلته مما يلي الطست من الارض فمن كان من شيعتنا فليتورع عن شرب الفقاع واللعب بالشطرنج، ومن نظر إلى الفقاع أو إلى الشطرنج فليذكر الحسين عليه السلام، وليلعن يزيد وآل زياد يمحو الله عز وجل بذلك ذنوبه، ولو كانت كعدد النجوم

So, when his^-la companions took ‘Al-Faqa’a, and they drank it three times, and they poured its remains from what had fallen upon the ground, onto the tray. So the one who was from our^-asws Shias, so he should keep away from drinking Al-Faqa’a (alcohol) and the playing of the chess. And the one who (even) looks at ‘Al-Faqa’a’ or towards the Chess, so he should remember Al-Husayn^-asws, and curse Yazeed^-la and the progeny of Ziyad^-la, and Allah^-saww would Delete his sins due to that, even though they may be (as many as) the number of the stars’.[52]

When one dies within 40 days of drinking wine!

وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ شَارِبِ‏ الْخَمْرِ مَا حَالُهُ‏ إِذَا سَكِرَ مِنْهَا قَالَ مَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فَمَاتَ بَعْدَهُ بِأَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً لَقِيَ اللَّهَ كَعَابِدِ وَثَنٍ

And I asked him^-asws about a drinker of the wine, what is his state when he is intoxicated from it? He^-asws said: ‘One who drinks the wine and he dies after it within forty days, would meet Allah^-azwj like a worshipper of idols’.[53] (An extract from a long Hadith)

Imam^-asws Politely Advises a companion to give up on Alcohol:

عم، إعلام الورى قب، المناقب لابن شهرآشوب الشَّقْرَانِيُّ مَوْلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص‏ خَرَجَ الْعَطَاءُ أَيَّامَ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ مَا لِي شَفِيعٌ فَبَقِيتُ عَلَى الْبَابِ مُتَحَيِّراً وَ إِذَا أَنَا بِجَعْفَرٍ الصَّادِقِ ع فَقُمْتُ إِلَيْهِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ جَعَلَنِي اللَّهُ فِدَاكَ أَنَا مَوْلَاكَ الشَّقْرَانِيُّ

(The book) ‘I’lam Al Wara’, (and) ‘Al Manaqib’ of Ibn Shehr Ashub –

‘Al-Shaqrany, slave of Rasool-Allah^-saww, ‘Al-Ata’a went out during the days of Abu Ja’far and there was no intercessor for me. So I remained at the door, confused, and there I was with Ja’far Al-Sadiq^-asws. I stood up to him and said to him^-asws, ‘May I be sacrificed for you^-asws! I am your^-asws friend Al-Shaqrany’.

فَرَحَّبَ بِي وَ ذَكَرْتُ لَهُ حَاجَتِي فَنَزَلَ وَ دَخَلَ وَ خَرَجَ وَ أَعْطَانِي مِنْ كُمِّهِ فَصَبَّهُ فِي كُمِّي ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا شَقْرَانِيُّ إِنَّ الْحَسَنَ‏ مِنْ كُلِّ أَحَدٍ حَسَنٌ وَ إِنَّهُ مِنْكَ أَحْسَنُ لِمَكَانِكَ مِنَّا وَ إِنَّ الْقَبِيحَ مِنْ كُلِّ أَحَدٍ قَبِيحٌ وَ إِنَّهُ مِنْكَ أَقْبَحُ

He^-asws was welcoming with me, and I mentioned my need to him^-asws, and he^-asws entered and came out and gave me from his^-asws sleeve, and poured it into my sleeve, then said: ‘O Shaqrany! The good deed from everyone is good, and from you it is better, due to your position from us^-asws, and the ugly deed from everyone is ugly, and from you it is uglier’.

وَعَظَهُ عَلَى جِهَةِ التَّعْرِيضِ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ يَشْرَبُ‏

He^-asws preached to him upon an aspect of insinuation because he used to drink (intoxicants)’’.[54]

In another Hadith,

رجال الكشي وَجَدْتُ فِي كِتَابِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نُعَيْمٍ الشَّاذَانِيِّ بِخَطِّهِ حَدَّثَنِي جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ الْبَجَلِيِّ عَنْ حَنَانِ بْنِ سَدِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ لِي قَرَابَةً يُحِبُّكُمْ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ يَشْرَبُ هَذَا النَّبِيذَ

(The book) ‘Rijaal’ of Al Kashi – ‘I found in the book of Muhammad Bin Nueym Al Shazani, in his handwriting, ‘It is narrated to my by Ja’far Bin Muhammad Al Madainy, from Musa Bin Al Qasim Al Bajali, from Hanan Bin Sadeyr, from Abu Najran who said,

‘I said to Abu Abdullah^-asws, ‘There is a relative of mine who loves you (Imams^-asws) except that he drinks this Al-Nabeez’.

قَالَ حَنَانٌ وَ أَبُو نَجْرَانَ هُوَ الَّذِي كَانَ يَشْرَبُ النَّبِيذَ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ كَنَّى عَنْ نَفْسِهِ

Hanan and Abu Najran said, ‘He is the one who was drinking Al-Nabeez, apart from that he would disguise himself’.

قَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَهَلْ كَانَ يُسْكِرُ

He (the narrator) said, ‘Abu Abdullah^-asws said: ‘Would he get intoxicated?’

فَقَالَ قُلْتُ إِي وَ اللَّهِ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّهُ لَيُسْكِرُ

He (the narrator) said, ‘I said, ‘Yes, by Allah^-azwj! May I be sacrificed for you^-asws, he would get intoxicated!’

فَقَالَ فَيَتْرُكُ الصَّلَاةَ

He^-asws said: ‘Does he neglect the Salat?’

قَالَ رُبَّمَا قَالَ لِلْجَارِيَةِ صَلَّيْتُ الْبَارِحَةَ فَرُبَّمَا قَالَتْ نَعَمْ قَدْ صَلَّيْتَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ وَ رُبَّمَا قَالَ لِلْجَارِيَةِ صَلَّيْتُ الْبَارِحَةَ الْعَتَمَةَ فَتَقُولُ لَا وَ اللَّهِ مَا صَلَّيْتَ وَ لَقَدْ أَيْقَظْنَاكَ وَ جَهَدْنَا بِكَ

He said, ‘Sometimes he would say to the slave girl, ‘Did I pray Salat yesterday?’ Sometimes she would say, ‘Yes, you had prayed Salat three times’. And sometimes he would say to the slave girl, ‘Did I pray salat yesterday evening?’ She would say, ‘No, by Allah^-azwj! You did not pray, and we had awakened you and we had struggled with you’.

فَأَمْسَكَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَدَهُ عَلَى جَبْهَتِهِ طَوِيلًا ثُمَّ نَحَّى يَدَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ قُلْ لَهُ يَتْرُكْهُ فَإِنْ زَلَّتْ بِهِ قَدَمٌ فَإِنَّ لَهُ قَدَماً ثَابِتاً بِمَوَدَّتِنَا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ‏

Abu Abdullah^-asws withheld his^-asws hand upon his^-asws forehead for a long time, then he^-asws moved his^-asws hand away, then said: ‘Tell him to leave it, for if a foot were to slip with him, a foot will affirm for him, due to our^-asws affection, People^-asws of the Household’’.^[55]

If one leaves wine for someone, Even then Allah^-azwj  Accepts from him:

مَجَالِسُ الشَّيْخِ، عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْقَزْوِينِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ وَهْبَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ عَنْ زُرَيْقٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: مَنْ تَرَكَ الْخَمْرَ لِلنَّاسِ لَا لِلَّهِ صِيَانَةً لِنَفْسِهِ أَدْخَلَهُ اللَّهُ الْجَنَّةَ

(The book) Majaalis’ of the sheykh – from Al-Husayn Bin Ibrahim Al Qazwiny, from Muhammad Bin Wahban, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Zakariya, from Ibn Fazal, from Ali Bin Uqba, from Zureyq,

‘From Abu Abdullah^-asws having said: ‘One who neglect the wine for the people, nor for Allah^‑azwj, as a favour for himself, Allah^-azwj will (still) enter him into the Paradise’’.[56]

[1] Intoxication – Wikipedia

[2] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 5 a

[3] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 19

[4] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 55 a

[5] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 7

[6] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 19

[7] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 63 / 26

[8] الكافي ج : 6 ص : 408, h.4.

[9] Ibid, h.6.

[10] الكافي ج : 6 ص : 413,h.5.

[11] Ibid, h.2.

[12] Basaair Al Darajaat CH 4 H13

[13] الكافي ج : 6 ص : 413, h.1.

[14] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 22 H 1

[15] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 22 H 2

[16] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 22 H 3

[17] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 22 H 4

[18] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 22 H 5

[19] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 22 H 6

[20] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 22 H 7

[21] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 22 H 8

[22] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 22 H 9

[23] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 22 H 10

[24] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 22 H 11

[25] Al Kafi – V 6 – The Book of Drinks Ch 22 H 12

[26] تحف‏العقول          104    آدابه ع لأصحابه و هي أربعمائة

[27] Ibid,

[28] Ibid,

[29] Ibid,

[30] Ibid,

[31] Ibid,

[32] ثواب الأعمال: 108.

[33] خواص القرآن: 9 «مخطوط».

[34] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 65

[35] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 91 H 22

[36] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 9

[37] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 21

[38] الكافي ج : 7 ص : 215, h.1.

[39] Ibid,h.7.

[40] Ibid,h.8.

[41] الكافي ج : 7 ص : 217, h.16.

[42] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 87 H 1

[43] بَابُ الْأَوْقَاتِ الَّتِي يُحَدُّ فِيهَا مَنْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدُّ, Al-Kafi, vol.7,h.1.

[44] الكافي ج : 7 ص : 219, h.5

[45] Ibid, h.6.

[46] بصائرالدرجات ص : 381, part 8, chapter 4, h. 12

[47] Ibid, h.13

[48] Ibid, h.16.

[49] Ibid, h.19.

[50] تفسير العيّاشي 1: 291/ 15.

[51] Bihar Al Anwaar – V 45 Ch 39 P 177 H 24

[52] Bihar Al Anwaar – V 45 Ch 39 P 177 H 23

[53] Bihar Al Anwaar – V 10, The book of Argumentation, S 3 Ch 17 H 1 بحار الأنوار (ط – بيروت)، ج‏10، ص: 271

[54] Bihar Al Anwaar – V 46, The book of History – Ja’far Al Sadiq^-asws, Ch 11 H 50

[55] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 88 H 19

[56] Bihar Al-Anwaar V 76 – The Book of Evil deeds – Ch 86 H 67